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Oxidative Phosphorylation System in Gastric Carcinomas and Gastritis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1320241. [PMID: 28744336 PMCID: PMC5506471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1320241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Switching of cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by mitochondria to aerobic glycolysis occurs in many types of tumors. However, the significance of this switching for the development of gastric carcinoma and what connection it may have to Helicobacter pylori infection of the gut, a primary cause of gastric cancer, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the expression of OXPHOS complexes in two types of human gastric carcinomas ("intestinal" and "diffuse"), bacterial gastritis with and without metaplasia, and chemically induced gastritis by using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of HP infection on several key mitochondrial proteins. Complex I expression was significantly reduced in intestinal type (but not diffuse) gastric carcinomas compared to adjacent control tissue, and the reduction was independent of HP infection. Significantly, higher complex I and complex II expression was present in large tumors. Furthermore, higher complex II and complex III protein levels were also obvious in grade 3 versus grade 2. No differences of OXPHOS complexes and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were found between bacterially caused and chemically induced gastritis. Thus, intestinal gastric carcinomas, but not precancerous stages, are frequently characterized by loss of complex I, and this pathophysiology occurs independently of HP infection.
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52
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Rudnicki M, Mayr JA, Zschocke J, Antretter H, Regele H, Feichtinger RG, Windpessl M, Mayer G, Pölzl G. MELAS Syndrome and Kidney Disease Without Fanconi Syndrome or Proteinuria: A Case Report. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 68:949-953. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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53
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Shanmugasundaram K, Block K. Renal Carcinogenesis, Tumor Heterogeneity, and Reactive Oxygen Species: Tactics Evolved. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:685-701. [PMID: 27287984 PMCID: PMC5069729 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The number of kidney cancers is growing 3-5% each year due to unknown etiologies. Intra- and inter-tumor mediators increase oxidative stress and drive tumor heterogeneity. Recent Advances: Technology advancement in state-of-the-art instrumentation and methodologies allows researchers to detect and characterize global landscaping modifications in genes, proteins, and pathophysiology patterns at the single-cell level. CRITICAL ISSUES We postulate that the sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their activation within subcellular compartments will change over a timeline of tumor evolvement and contribute to tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, the complexity of intracellular changes within a tumor and ROS-induced tumor heterogeneity coupled to the advancement of detecting these events globally are limited at the level of data collection, organization, and interpretation using software algorithms and bioinformatics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrative and collaborative research, combining the power of numbers with careful experimental design, protocol development, and data interpretation, will translate cancer biology and therapeutics to a heightened level or leave the abundant raw data as stagnant and underutilized. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 685-701.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, San Antonio, Texas
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54
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Su X, Wang W, Ruan G, Liang M, Zheng J, Chen Y, Wu H, Fahey TJ, Guan M, Teng L. A Comprehensive Characterization of Mitochondrial Genome in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101594. [PMID: 27735863 PMCID: PMC5085627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear genetic alterations have been widely investigated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), however, the characteristics of the mitochondrial genome remain uncertain. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of 66 PTCs, 16 normal thyroid tissues and 376 blood samples of healthy individuals. There were 2508 variations (543 sites) detected in PTCs, among which 33 variations were novel. Nearly half of the PTCs (31/66) had heteroplasmic variations. Among the 31 PTCs, 28 specimens harbored a total of 52 somatic mutations distributed in 44 sites. Thirty-three variations including seven nonsense, 11 frameshift and 15 non-synonymous variations selected by bioinformatic software were regarded as pathogenic. These 33 pathogenic mutations were associated with older age (p = 0.0176) and advanced tumor stage (p = 0.0218). In addition, they tended to be novel (p = 0.0003), heteroplasmic (p = 0.0343) and somatic (p = 0.0018). The mtDNA copy number increased in more than two-third (46/66) of PTCs, and the average content in tumors was nearly four times higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.0001). Three sub-haplogroups of N (A4, B4a and B4g) and eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) (A16164G, C16266T, G5460A, T6680C, G9123A, A14587G, T16362C, and G709A) were associated with the occurrence of PTC. Here we report a comprehensive characterization of the mitochondrial genome and demonstrate its significance in pathogenesis and progression of PTC. This can help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying PTC and offer potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Su
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Guodong Ruan
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Min Liang
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jing Zheng
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Huiling Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Thomas J Fahey
- Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Minxin Guan
- Institute of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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55
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Garcia-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Decoding Warburg's hypothesis: tumor-related mutations in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41582-99. [PMID: 26462158 PMCID: PMC4747175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Otto Warburg observed that cancer cells derived their energy from aerobic glycolysis by converting glucose to lactate. This mechanism is in opposition to the higher energy requirements of cancer cells because oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) produces more ATP from glucose. Warburg hypothesized that this phenomenon occurs due to the malfunction of mitochondria in cancer cells. The rediscovery of Warburg's hypothesis coincided with the discovery of mitochondrial tumor suppressor genes that may conform to Warburg's hypothesis along with the demonstrated negative impact of HIF-1 on PDH activity and the activation of HIF-1 by oncogenic signals such as activated AKT. This work summarizes the alterations in mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins that have been identified and their involvement in cancer. Also discussed is the fact that most of the mitochondrial mutations have been found in homoplasmy, indicating a positive selection during tumor evolution, thereby supporting their causal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Garcia-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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56
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Siegismund CS, Schäfer I, Seibel P, Kühl U, Schultheiss HP, Lassner D. Mitochondrial haplogroups and expression studies of commonly used human cell lines. Mitochondrion 2016; 30:236-47. [PMID: 27562426 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We developed a multiplex fragment length analysis (MFLA) for clearly assigning mitochondrial haplogroups mostly endemic in Europe for future cardiac diagnostics. As a technical proof, 23 commonly used human cell lines were haplotyped as reference standards. The functional analysis on mtDNA copies per cell revealed no correlation to haplogroups but a relatively high rate of mitochondria per cell and at the same time a very low expression of all mitochondrial and some nuclear encoded mitochondrial related genes. Established MFLA is an easy to handle method for analysing European mitochondrial haplogroups to perform epidemic studies and elucidate correlations to distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Molecular Cell Therapy, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Seibel
- University of Leipzig, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Molecular Cell Therapy, Deutscher Platz 5, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Kühl
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Moltkestr. 31, D-12203 Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow, Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Moltkestr. 31, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Lassner
- Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Moltkestr. 31, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
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57
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Porporato PE, Payen VL, Baselet B, Sonveaux P. Metabolic changes associated with tumor metastasis, part 2: Mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1349-63. [PMID: 26646069 PMCID: PMC11108268 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a hallmark of cancer controlling tumor progression and metastasis. Among the various metabolic phenotypes encountered in tumors, this review focuses on the contributions of mitochondria, lipid and amino acid metabolism to the metastatic process. Tumor cells require functional mitochondria to grow, proliferate and metastasize, but shifts in mitochondrial activities confer pro-metastatic traits encompassing increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), enhanced resistance to apoptosis and the increased or de novo production of metabolic intermediates of the TCA cycle behaving as oncometabolites, including succinate, fumarate, and D-2-hydroxyglutarate that control energy production, biosynthesis and the redox state. Lipid metabolism and the metabolism of amino acids, such as glutamine, glutamate and proline are also currently emerging as focal control points of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK·CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 52, box B1.53.09, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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58
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Hsu CC, Tseng LM, Lee HC. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer progression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1281-95. [PMID: 27022139 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216641787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated cellular energetics was one of the cancer hallmarks. Several underlying mechanisms of deregulated cellular energetics are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitochondrial enzyme defects, or altered oncogenes/tumor suppressors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer progression. Point mutations and copy number changes are the two most common mitochondrial DNA alterations in cancers, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by chemical depletion of mitochondrial DNA or impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain in cancer cells promotes cancer progression to a chemoresistance or invasive phenotype. Moreover, defects in mitochondrial enzymes, such as succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, are associated with both familial and sporadic forms of cancer. Deregulated mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 might modulate cancer progression by regulating cellular metabolism and oxidative stress. These mitochondrial defects during oncogenesis and tumor progression activate cytosolic signaling pathways that ultimately alter nuclear gene expression, a process called retrograde signaling. Changes in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, Ca(2+), or oncometabolites are important in the mitochondrial retrograde signaling for neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. In addition, altered oncogenes/tumor suppressors including hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and tumor suppressor p53 regulate mitochondrial respiration and cellular metabolism by modulating the expression of their target genes. We thus suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in cancer progression and that targeting mitochondrial alterations and mitochondrial retrograde signaling might be a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Hsu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan Taipei-Veterans General Hospital Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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59
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Lim SC, Hroudová J, Van Bergen NJ, Lopez Sanchez MIG, Trounce IA, McKenzie M. Loss of mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein ND1 results in disruption of complex I biogenesis during early stages of assembly. FASEB J 2016; 30:2236-48. [PMID: 26929434 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500137r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) must be assembled precisely from 45 protein subunits for it to function correctly. One of its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits, ND1, is incorporated during the early stages of complex I assembly. However, little is known about how mutations in ND1 affect this assembly process. We found that in human 143B cybrid cells carrying a homoplasmic MT-ND1 mutation, ND1 protein could not be translated. As a result, the early stages of complex I assembly were disrupted, with mature complex I undetectable and complex I-linked respiration severely reduced to 2.0% of control levels. Interestingly, complex IV (ferrocytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase) steady-state levels were also reduced to 40.3%, possibly due to its diminished stability in the absence of respiratory supercomplex formation. This was in comparison with 143B cybrid controls (that contained wild-type mtDNA on the same nuclear background), which exhibited normal complex I, complex IV, and supercomplex assembly. We conclude that the loss of ND1 stalls complex I assembly during the early stages of its biogenesis, which not only results in the loss of mature complex I but also disrupts the stability of complex IV and the respiratory supercomplex to cause mitochondrial dysfunction.-Lim, S. C., Hroudová, J., Van Bergen, N. J., Lopez Sanchez, M. I. G., Trounce, I. A., McKenzie, M. Loss of mitochondrial DNA-encoded protein ND1 results in disruption of complex I biogenesis during early stages of assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chern Lim
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jana Hroudová
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole J Van Bergen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - M Isabel G Lopez Sanchez
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Ian A Trounce
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Matthew McKenzie
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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60
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Barrera G, Gentile F, Pizzimenti S, Canuto RA, Daga M, Arcaro A, Cetrangolo GP, Lepore A, Ferretti C, Dianzani C, Muzio G. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Spotlight on Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipoperoxidation Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5010007. [PMID: 26907355 PMCID: PMC4808756 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In several human diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced mainly by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, is increased. In cancer cells, the increase of ROS production has been associated with mtDNA mutations that, in turn, seem to be functional in the alterations of the bioenergetics and the biosynthetic state of cancer cells. Moreover, ROS overproduction can enhance the peroxidation of fatty acids in mitochondrial membranes. In particular, the peroxidation of mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin leads to the formation of reactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which are able to react with proteins and DNA. Covalent modifications of mitochondrial proteins by the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the course of oxidative cell stress are involved in the mitochondrial dysfunctions observed in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Such modifications appear to affect negatively mitochondrial integrity and function, in particular energy metabolism, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, antioxidant defenses and stress responses. In neurodegenerative diseases, indirect confirmation for the pathogenetic relevance of LPO-dependent modifications of mitochondrial proteins comes from the disease phenotypes associated with their genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barrera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "V. Tiberio", Università del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Rosa Angela Canuto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Martina Daga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Alessia Arcaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "V. Tiberio", Università del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Paolo Cetrangolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute "V. Tiberio", Università del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
| | - Alessio Lepore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli 80131, Italy.
| | - Carlo Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy.
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61
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Aretz I, Hardt C, Wittig I, Meierhofer D. An Impaired Respiratory Electron Chain Triggers Down-regulation of the Energy Metabolism and De-ubiquitination of Solute Carrier Amino Acid Transporters. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1526-38. [PMID: 26852163 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.053181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of genes have been associated with respiratory chain disease (RCD), the most common inborn error of metabolism so far. Elimination of the respiratory electron chain by depleting the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA, ρ(0) cells) has therefore one of the most severe impacts on the energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. In this study, proteomic data sets including the post-translational modifications (PTMs) phosphorylation and ubiquitination were integrated with metabolomic data sets and selected enzyme activities in the osteosarcoma cell line 143B.TK(-) A shotgun based SILAC LC-MS proteomics and a targeted metabolomics approach was applied to elucidate the consequences of the ρ(0) state. Pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed a nonuniform down-regulation of the respiratory electron chain, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pyruvate metabolism in ρ(0) cells. Metabolites of the TCA cycle were dysregulated, such as a reduction of citric acid and cis-aconitic acid (six and 2.5-fold), and an increase of lactic acid, oxalacetic acid (both twofold), and succinic acid (fivefold) in ρ(0) cells. Signaling pathways such as GPCR, EGFR, G12/13 alpha, and Rho GTPases were up-regulated in ρ(0) cells, which could be indicative for the mitochondrial retrograde response, a pathway of communication from mitochondria to the nucleus. This was supported by our phosphoproteome data, which revealed two main processes, GTPase-related signal transduction and cytoskeleton organization. Furthermore, a general de-ubiquitination in ρ(0) cells was observed, for example, 80S ribosomal proteins were in average threefold and SLC amino acid transporters fivefold de-ubiquitinated. The latter might cause the observed significant increase of amino acid levels in ρ(0) cells. We conclude that an elimination of the respiratory electron chain, e.g. mtDNA depletion, not only leads to an uneven down-regulation of mitochondrial energy pathways, but also triggers the retrograde response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Aretz
- From the ‡Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; §Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Hardt
- From the ‡Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- ¶Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, Haus 26, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- From the ‡Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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62
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Joshi S, Tolkunov D, Aviv H, Hakimi AA, Yao M, Hsieh JJ, Ganesan S, Chan CS, White E. The Genomic Landscape of Renal Oncocytoma Identifies a Metabolic Barrier to Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1895-908. [PMID: 26655904 PMCID: PMC4779191 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncocytomas are predominantly benign neoplasms possessing pathogenic mitochondrial mutations and accumulation of respiration-defective mitochondria, characteristics of unknown significance. Using exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified two main subtypes of renal oncocytoma. Type 1 is diploid with CCND1 rearrangements, whereas type 2 is aneuploid with recurrent loss of chromosome 1, X or Y, and/or 14 and 21, which may proceed to more aggressive eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). Oncocytomas activate 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Tp53 (p53) and display disruption of Golgi and autophagy/lysosome trafficking, events attributed to defective mitochondrial function. This suggests that the genetic defects in mitochondria activate a metabolic checkpoint, producing autophagy impairment and mitochondrial accumulation that limit tumor progression, revealing a novel tumor-suppressive mechanism for mitochondrial inhibition with metformin. Alleviation of this metabolic checkpoint in type 2 by p53 mutations may allow progression to eosinophilic ChRCC, indicating that they represent higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpy Joshi
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Denis Tolkunov
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Hana Aviv
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, MEB 212, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Abraham A Hakimi
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Chang S Chan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey (CINJ), 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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63
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Philley JV, Kannan A, Qin W, Sauter ER, Ikebe M, Hertweck KL, Troyer DA, Semmes OJ, Dasgupta S. Complex-I Alteration and Enhanced Mitochondrial Fusion Are Associated With Prostate Cancer Progression. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1364-74. [PMID: 26530043 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria (mt) encoded respiratory complex-I (RCI) mutations and their pathogenicity remain largely unknown in prostate cancer (PCa). Little is known about the role of mtDNA loss on mt integrity in PCa. We determined mtDNA mutation in human and mice PCa and assessed the impact of mtDNA depletion on mt integrity. We also examined whether the circulating exosomes from PCa patients are transported to mt and carry mtDNA or mt proteins. We have employed next generation sequencing of the whole mt genome in human and Hi-myc PCa. The impact of mtDNA depletion on mt integrity, presence of mtDNA, and protein in sera exosomes was determined. A co-culture of human PCa cells and the circulating exosomes followed by confocal imaging determined co-localization of exosomes and mt. We observed frequent RCI mutations in human and Hi-myc PCa which disrupted corresponding complex protein expression. Depletion of mtDNA in PCa cells influenced mt integrity, increased expression of MFN1, MFN2, PINK1, and decreased expression of MT-TFA. Increased mt fusion and expression of PINK1 and DNM1L were also evident in the Hi-myc tumors. RCI-mtDNA, MFN2, and IMMT proteins were detected in the circulating exosomes of men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and progressive PCa. Circulating exosomes and mt co-localized in PCa cells. Our study identified new pathogenic RCI mutations in PCa and defined the impact of mtDNA loss on mt integrity. Presence of mtDNA and mt proteins in the circulating exosomes implicated their usefulness for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie V Philley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Anbarasu Kannan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Wenyi Qin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Edward R Sauter
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Kate L Hertweck
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Dean A Troyer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Oliver J Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
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64
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Zimmermann FA, Neureiter D, Feichtinger RG, Trost A, Sperl W, Kofler B, Mayr JA. Deficiency of respiratory chain complex I in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Mitochondrion 2015; 26:1-6. [PMID: 26554844 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oncocytic cells (OCs) are characterized by an accumulation of mitochondria and their occurrence in the thyroid gland of patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is well known. However, their properties and functional relevance are poorly understood. We investigated OC lesions (n=212) in the thyroid of 12 HT patients. Loss of complex I protein was observed in oncocytic lesions of each of the patients. In addition to isolated complex I deficiency, 25% of oncocytic lesions showed combined deficiency of complex I and IV. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time a defect of respiratory chain complex I in OCs of HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz A Zimmermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Andrea Trost
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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65
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Lang M, Vocke CD, Merino MJ, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM. Mitochondrial DNA mutations distinguish bilateral multifocal renal oncocytomas from familial Birt-Hogg-Dubé tumors. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1458-69. [PMID: 26428318 PMCID: PMC4628590 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncocytomas are mostly benign tumors characterized by accumulation of defective mitochondria, and in sporadic cases, are associated with disruptive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. However, the role mtDNA mutations have in renal tumors of Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) patients and other renal oncocytomas with an apparent genetic component has not been investigated to date. Here we characterize the mitochondrial genome in different renal tumors and investigate the possibility of employing mtDNA sequencing analyses of biopsy specimens to aid in the differential diagnosis of oncocytomas. The entire mitochondrial genome was sequenced in 25 samples of bilateral and multifocal (BMF) renal oncocytomas, 30 renal tumors from BHD patients and 36 non-oncocytic renal tumors of different histologies as well as in biopsy samples of kidney tumors. mtDNA sequencing in BMF oncocytomas revealed that all tumors carry disruptive mutations, which impair the assembly of the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. Multiple tumors from a given BMF oncocytoma patient mainly harbor the same somatic mutation and the kidneys of these patients display diffuse oncocytosis. In contrast, renal oncocytomas of patients with BHD syndrome and renal tumors with different histologies do not show disruptive mtDNA mutations. Moreover, we demonstrate that it is feasible to amplify and sequence the entire mtDNA in biopsy specimens, and that these sequences are representative of the tumor DNA. These results show that pathogenic mtDNA mutations affecting complex I of the respiratory chain are strongly correlated with the oncocytoma phenotype in non-BHD-related renal tumors and that mtDNA sequences from biopsies are predictive of the tumor genotype. This work supports a role for mtDNA mutations in respiratory chain complexes as diagnostic markers for renal oncocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Cathy D. Vocke
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Maria J. Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Laura S. Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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66
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Gao G, Yao Y, Li K, Mashausi DS, Li D, Negi H, Kamle S, Chen H, Wu Z, Zhou H, Li D. A human leucyl-tRNA synthetase as an anticancer target. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2933-42. [PMID: 26508878 PMCID: PMC4610879 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s88873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been reported to be overexpressed for charging essential aminoacyl-tRNAs in many cancer types. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential role of leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) as an anticancer target. MTT assay was performed to screen inhibitors to human LARS (hsLARS) from compounds AN2690 and its derivatives, compounds 1–6, in U2OS and SKOV3 cells. The compound with the strongest inhibitory ability was further investigated for its inhibitory effect in cancer cell lines and in an animal tumor model. Additionally, a LARS-rescue experiment was performed to explore the potential target in U2OS using Western blot and flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assay was designed to analyze the effect of of hsLARS inhibitor on p21 activation. We identified an hsLARS inhibitor (compound 2) that suppressed the proliferation of U2OS and SKOV3 cells in vitro. A LARS-rescue experiment demonstrated that the proliferation inhibition was induced by targeting intracellular LARS. In addition, the hsLARS inhibition was shown to activate the p21 early transcription and promote cell apoptosis, as well as reduce implanted EMT6 tumor progression in mice. Our results suggest that LARS might serve as a potential anticancer target through the p21 signaling pathway and that the nutritional signaling pathway may provide a valuable anticancer strategy for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Dongsheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hema Negi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Suchitra Kamle
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huchen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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67
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Müller-Höcker J, Schäfer S, Krebs S, Blum H, Zsurka G, Kunz WS, Prokisch H, Seibel P, Jung A. Oxyphil cell metaplasia in the parathyroids is characterized by somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in NADH dehydrogenase genes and cytochrome c oxidase activity-impairing genes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 184:2922-35. [PMID: 25418474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxyphil cell transformation of epithelial cells due to the accumulation of mitochondria occurs often during cellular aging. To understand the pathogenic mechanisms, we studied mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations in the three cell types of the parathyroids using multiplex real-time PCR and next-generation sequencing. mtDNA was analyzed from cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-positive and COX-negative areas of 19 parathyroids. Mitochondria-rich pre-oxyphil/oxyphil cells were more prone to develop COX defects than the mitochondria-poor clear chief cells (P < 0.001). mtDNA increased approximately 2.5-fold from clear chief to oxyphil cells. In COX deficiency, the increase was even more pronounced, and COX-negative oxyphil cells had approximately two times more mtDNA than COX-positive oxyphil cells (P < 0.001), illustrating the influence of COX deficiency on mtDNA biosynthesis, probably as a consequence of insufficient ATP synthesis. Next-generation sequencing revealed a broad spectrum of putative pathogenic mtDNA point mutations affecting NADH dehydrogenase and COX genes as well as regulatory elements of mtDNA. NADH dehydrogenase gene mutations preferentially accumulated in COX-positive pre-oxyphil/oxyphil cells and, therefore, could be essential for inducing oxyphil cell transformation by increasing mtDNA/mitochondrial biogenesis. In contrast, COX-negative cells predominantly harbored mutations in the MT-CO1 and MT-CO3 genes and in regulatory mtDNA elements, but only rarely NADH dehydrogenase mutations. Thus, multiple hits in NADH dehydrogenase and COX activity-impairing genes represent the molecular basis of oxyphil cell transformation in the parathyroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Müller-Höcker
- Institute for Pathology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schäfer
- Institute for Pathology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Gene Center of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Gábor Zsurka
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Epileptology and Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Epileptology and Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Seibel
- Molekulare Zellbiologie, Biotechnological Biomedical Center, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Jung
- Institute for Pathology of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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68
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McKenzie M, Chiotis M, Hroudová J, Lopez Sanchez MIG, Lim SC, Cook MJ, McKelvie P, Cotton RGH, Murphy M, St John JC, Trounce IA. Capture of somatic mtDNA point mutations with severe effects on oxidative phosphorylation in synaptosome cybrid clones from human brain. Hum Mutat 2015; 35:1476-84. [PMID: 25219341 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is replicated throughout life in postmitotic cells, resulting in higher levels of somatic mutation than in nuclear genes. However, controversy remains as to the importance of low-level mtDNA somatic mutants in cancerous and normal human tissues. To capture somatic mtDNA mutations for functional analysis, we generated synaptosome cybrids from synaptic endings isolated from fresh hippocampus and cortex brain biopsies. We analyzed the whole mtDNA genome from 120 cybrid clones derived from four individual donors by chemical cleavage of mismatch and Sanger sequencing, scanning around two million base pairs. Seventeen different somatic point mutations were identified, including eight coding region mutations, four of which result in frameshifts. Examination of one cybrid clone with a novel m.2949_2953delCTATT mutation in MT-RNR2 (which encodes mitochondrial 16S rRNA) revealed a severe disruption of mtDNA-encoded protein translation. We also performed functional studies on a homoplasmic nonsense mutation in MT-ND1, previously reported in oncocytomas, and show that both ATP generation and the stability of oxidative phosphorylation complex I are disrupted. As the mtDNA remains locked against direct genetic manipulation, we demonstrate that the synaptosome cybrid approach can capture biologically relevant mtDNA mutants in vitro to study effects on mitochondrial respiratory chain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McKenzie
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
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69
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Hernández-Esquivel L, Marín-Hernández A, El Hafidi M, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Hernández-Reséndiz I, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Moreno-Sánchez R. Mitochondrial free fatty acid β-oxidation supports oxidative phosphorylation and proliferation in cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:209-21. [PMID: 26073129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is functional and sustains tumor proliferation in several cancer cell types. To establish whether mitochondrial β-oxidation of free fatty acids (FFAs) contributes to cancer OxPhos functioning, its protein contents and enzyme activities, as well as respiratory rates and electrical membrane potential (ΔΨm) driven by FFA oxidation were assessed in rat AS-30D hepatoma and liver (RLM) mitochondria. Higher protein contents (1.4-3 times) of β-oxidation (CPT1, SCAD) as well as proteins and enzyme activities (1.7-13-times) of Krebs cycle (KC: ICD, 2OGDH, PDH, ME, GA), and respiratory chain (RC: COX) were determined in hepatoma mitochondria vs. RLM. Although increased cholesterol content (9-times vs. RLM) was determined in the hepatoma mitochondrial membranes, FFAs and other NAD-linked substrates were oxidized faster (1.6-6.6 times) by hepatoma mitochondria than RLM, maintaining similar ΔΨm values. The contents of β-oxidation, KC and RC enzymes were also assessed in cells. The mitochondrial enzyme levels in human cervix cancer HeLa and AS-30D cells were higher than those observed in rat hepatocytes whereas in human breast cancer biopsies, CPT1 and SCAD contents were lower than in human breast normal tissue. The presence of CPT1 and SCAD in AS-30D mitochondria and HeLa cells correlated with an active FFA utilization in HeLa cells. Furthermore, the β-oxidation inhibitor perhexiline blocked FFA utilization, OxPhos and proliferation in HeLa and other cancer cells. In conclusion, functional mitochondria supported by FFA β-oxidation are essential for the accelerated cancer cell proliferation and hence anti-β-oxidation therapeutics appears as an alternative promising approach to deter malignant tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico; Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Luz Hernández-Esquivel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Marín-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Mohammed El Hafidi
- Departamento de Medicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Ileana Hernández-Reséndiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - José S Rodríguez-Zavala
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Silvia C Pacheco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección 16, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, Mexico
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70
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Singh L, Saini N, Bakhshi S, Pushker N, Sen S, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kashyap S. Prognostic significance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes: Therapeutic target in the treatment of retinoblastoma. Mitochondrion 2015; 23:55-63. [PMID: 26071002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered energy metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes and their prognostic significance in retinoblastoma (Rb). METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed on 109 primary enucleated retinoblastoma tissues for mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes and their expression was confirmed by western blotting. RESULTS Histopathological high risk factors (HRFs) were identified in 42.2% cases. Mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes III, IV and V were expressed in more than 50% of primary retinoblastoma cases each whereas mitochondrial complex I was expressed in only 29/109 (26.60%) cases by immunohistochemistry. Loss of mitochondrial complex I correlated well with poor tumor differentiation and tumor invasion (p < 0.05) whereas expression of mitochondrial complexes III, IV and V was associated with better survival (Kaplan-Meier method). CONCLUSIONS This was the first study predicting a relevant role of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes and highlights the prognostic significance with patient outcome in retinoblastoma. Loss of mitochondrial complex I immunoexpression could prove to be a useful independent prognostic biomarker to identify high risk retinoblastoma patients. Differential expression of these mitochondrial complexes is a novel finding and may be used as an attractive future anticancer target in primary retinoblastoma tumors. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Sharma
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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71
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Morscher RJ, Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Lang R, Neureiter D, Sperl W, Kofler B. Inhibition of Neuroblastoma Tumor Growth by Ketogenic Diet and/or Calorie Restriction in a CD1-Nu Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129802. [PMID: 26053068 PMCID: PMC4459995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroblastoma is a malignant pediatric cancer derived from neural crest cells. It is characterized by a generalized reduction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of calorie restriction and ketogenic diet on neuroblastoma tumor growth and monitor potential adaptive mechanisms of the cancer's oxidative phosphorylation system. METHODS Xenografts were established in CD-1 nude mice by subcutaneous injection of two neuroblastoma cell lines having distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic sensitivity [SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2)]. Mice were randomized to four treatment groups receiving standard diet, calorie-restricted standard diet, long chain fatty acid based ketogenic diet or calorie-restricted ketogenic diet. Tumor growth, survival, metabolic parameters and weight of the mice were monitored. Cancer tissue was evaluated for diet-induced changes of proliferation indices and multiple oxidative phosphorylation system parameters (respiratory chain enzyme activities, western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and mitochondrial DNA content). RESULTS Ketogenic diet and/or calorie restriction significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival in the xenograft model. Neuroblastoma growth reduction correlated with decreased blood glucose concentrations and was characterized by a significant decrease in Ki-67 and phospho-histone H3 levels in the diet groups with low tumor growth. As in human tumor tissue, neuroblastoma xenografts showed distinctly low mitochondrial complex II activity in combination with a generalized low level of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, validating the tumor model. Neuroblastoma showed no ability to adapt its mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity to the change in nutrient supply induced by dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that targeting the metabolic characteristics of neuroblastoma could open a new front in supporting standard therapy regimens. Therefore, we propose that a ketogenic diet and/or calorie restriction should be further evaluated as a possible adjuvant therapy for patients undergoing treatment for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Johannes Morscher
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Division of Medical Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - René Gunther Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Roland Lang
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Soltysova A, Breza J, Takacova M, Feruszova J, Hudecova S, Novotna B, Rozborilova E, Pastorekova S, Kadasi L, Krizanova O. Deregulation of energetic metabolism in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A multiple pathway analysis based on microarray profiling. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:287-95. [PMID: 25998032 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent type of kidney cancer. In order to better understand the biology of ccRCC, we accomplished the gene profiling of fresh tissue specimens from 11 patients with the renal tumors (9 ccRCCs, 1 oncocytoma and 1 renal B-lymphoma), in which the tumor-related data were compared to the paired healthy kidney tissues from the same patients. All ccRCCs exhibited a considerably elevated transcription of the gene coding for carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Moreover, the ccRCC tumors consistently displayed increased expression of genes encoding the glycolytic pathway enzymes, e.g. hexokinase II (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and a decreased expression of genes for the mitochondrial electron transport chain components, indicating an overall reprogramming of the energetic metabolism in this tumor type. This appears to be accompanied by altered expression of the genes of the pH regulating machinery, including ion and lactate transporters. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue sections confirmed the increased expression of CAIX, HK2 and LDHA in ccRCC, validating the microarray data and supporting their potential as the energetic metabolism-related biomarkers of the ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Soltysova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Breza
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Takacova
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Feruszova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Hudecova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Novotna
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Rozborilova
- Clinic of Pneumology and Pthisiology, Jessenius Medical Faculty, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Ludevit Kadasi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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73
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Evangelisti C, de Biase D, Kurelac I, Ceccarelli C, Prokisch H, Meitinger T, Caria P, Vanni R, Romeo G, Tallini G, Gasparre G, Bonora E. A mutation screening of oncogenes, tumor suppressor gene TP53 and nuclear encoded mitochondrial complex I genes in oncocytic thyroid tumors. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:157. [PMID: 25880213 PMCID: PMC4374372 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid neoplasias with oncocytic features represent a specific phenotype in non-medullary thyroid cancer, reflecting the unique biological phenomenon of mitochondrial hyperplasia in the cytoplasm. Oncocytic thyroid cells are characterized by a prominent eosinophilia (or oxyphilia) caused by mitochondrial abundance. Although disruptive mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are the most significant hallmark of such tumors, oncocytomas may be envisioned as heterogeneous neoplasms, characterized by multiple nuclear and mitochondrial gene lesions. We investigated the nuclear mutational profile of oncocytic tumors to pinpoint the mutations that may trigger the early oncogenic hit. METHODS Total DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues from 45 biopsies of oncocytic tumors. High-resolution melting was used for mutation screening of mitochondrial complex I subunits genes. Specific nuclear rearrangements were investigated by RT-PCR (RET/PTC) or on isolated nuclei by interphase FISH (PAX8/PPARγ). Recurrent point mutations were analyzed by direct sequencing. RESULTS In our oncocytic tumor samples, we identified rare TP53 mutations. The series of analyzed cases did not include poorly- or undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, and none of the TP53 mutated cases had significant mitotic activity or high-grade features. Thus, the presence of disruptive TP53 mutations was completely unexpected. In addition, novel mutations in nuclear-encoded complex I genes were identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that nuclear genetic lesions altering the bioenergetics competence of thyroid cells may give rise to an aberrant mitochondria-centered compensatory mechanism and ultimately to the oncocytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Cell Signaling Laboratory, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Diagnostic, Experimental and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ceccarelli
- Department of Diagnostic, Experimental and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Anatomy, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Diagnostic, Experimental and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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74
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Genomics of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: implications from a rare tumor for pan-cancer studies. Oncoscience 2015; 2:81-90. [PMID: 25859550 PMCID: PMC4381700 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (ChRCC) is a rare subtype of the renal cell carcinomas, a heterogenous group of cancers arising from the nephron. Recently, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) profiled this understudied disease using multiple data platforms, including whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing (WGS), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing. The insights gained from this study would have implications for other types of kidney cancer as well as for cancer biology in general. Global molecular patterns in ChRCC provided clues as to this cancer's cell of origin, which is distinct from that of the other renal cell carcinomas, illustrating an approach that might be applied towards elucidating the cell of origin of other cancer types. MtDNA sequencing revealed loss-of-function mutations in NADH dehydrogenase subunits, highlighting the role of deregulated metabolism in this and other cancers. Analysis of WGS data led to the discovery of recurrent genomic rearrangements involving TERT promoter region, which were associated with very high expression levels of TERT, pointing to a potential mechanism for TERT deregulation that might be found in other cancers. WGS data, generated by large scale efforts such as TCGA and the International Cancer Genomics Consortium (ICGC), could be more extensively mined across various cancer types, to uncover structural variants, mtDNA mutations, themes of tumor metabolic properties, as well as noncoding point mutations. TCGA's data on ChRCC should continue to serve as a resource for future pan-cancer as well as kidney cancer studies, and highlight the value of investigations into rare tumor types to globally inform principals of cancer biology.
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75
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Cormio A, Cormio G, Musicco C, Sardanelli AM, Gasparre G, Gadaleta MN. Mitochondrial changes in endometrial carcinoma: possible role in tumor diagnosis and prognosis (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 33:1011-8. [PMID: 25530491 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a solid neoplasia for which a role for mitochondria in cancer progression is currently emerging and yet represents a diagnostic and prognostic challenge. EC is one of the most frequently occurring gynecological malignancies in the Western world whose incidence has increased significantly during the last decades. Here, we review the literature data on mitochondrial changes reported in EC, namely, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and discuss whether they may be used as new cancer biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cormio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Cormio
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Oncologico 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Clara Musicco
- CNR-Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sardanelli
- Department of Basical Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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76
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Gielisch I, Meierhofer D. Metabolome and Proteome Profiling of Complex I Deficiency Induced by Rotenone. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:224-35. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500894v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Gielisch
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße
63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße
63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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77
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Stincone A, Prigione A, Cramer T, Wamelink MMC, Campbell K, Cheung E, Olin-Sandoval V, Grüning NM, Krüger A, Tauqeer Alam M, Keller MA, Breitenbach M, Brindle KM, Rabinowitz JD, Ralser M. The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:927-63. [PMID: 25243985 PMCID: PMC4470864 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a fundamental component of cellular metabolism. The PPP is important to maintain carbon homoeostasis, to provide precursors for nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, to provide reducing molecules for anabolism, and to defeat oxidative stress. The PPP shares reactions with the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and Calvin cycle and divides into an oxidative and non-oxidative branch. The oxidative branch is highly active in most eukaryotes and converts glucose 6-phosphate into carbon dioxide, ribulose 5-phosphate and NADPH. The latter function is critical to maintain redox balance under stress situations, when cells proliferate rapidly, in ageing, and for the ‘Warburg effect’ of cancer cells. The non-oxidative branch instead is virtually ubiquitous, and metabolizes the glycolytic intermediates fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate as well as sedoheptulose sugars, yielding ribose 5-phosphate for the synthesis of nucleic acids and sugar phosphate precursors for the synthesis of amino acids. Whereas the oxidative PPP is considered unidirectional, the non-oxidative branch can supply glycolysis with intermediates derived from ribose 5-phosphate and vice versa, depending on the biochemical demand. These functions require dynamic regulation of the PPP pathway that is achieved through hierarchical interactions between transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Consequently, the biochemistry and regulation of this pathway, while still unresolved in many cases, are archetypal for the dynamics of the metabolic network of the cell. In this comprehensive article we review seminal work that led to the discovery and description of the pathway that date back now for 80 years, and address recent results about genetic and metabolic mechanisms that regulate its activity. These biochemical principles are discussed in the context of PPP deficiencies causing metabolic disease and the role of this pathway in biotechnology, bacterial and parasite infections, neurons, stem cell potency and cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stincone
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Alessandro Prigione
- Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum (MKFZ), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam M C Wamelink
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, De Boelelaaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Eric Cheung
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Viridiana Olin-Sandoval
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Nana-Maria Grüning
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Antje Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tauqeer Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Markus A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
| | - Michael Breitenbach
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute (CRI), Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, U.K
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08544 NJ, U.S.A
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K.,Division of Physiology and Metabolism, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7, U.K
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78
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Davis CF, Ricketts CJ, Wang M, Yang L, Cherniack AD, Shen H, Buhay C, Kang H, Kim SC, Fahey CC, Hacker KE, Bhanot G, Gordenin DA, Chu A, Gunaratne PH, Biehl M, Seth S, Kaipparettu BA, Bristow CA, Donehower LA, Wallen EM, Smith AB, Tickoo SK, Tamboli P, Reuter V, Schmidt LS, Hsieh JJ, Choueiri TK, Hakimi AA, Chin L, Meyerson M, Kucherlapati R, Park WY, Robertson AG, Laird PW, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Park PJ, Morgan M, Shuch B, Muzny D, Wheeler DA, Linehan WM, Gibbs RA, Rathmell WK, Creighton CJ. The somatic genomic landscape of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:319-330. [PMID: 25155756 PMCID: PMC4160352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the landscape of somatic genomic alterations of 66 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs) on the basis of multidimensional and comprehensive characterization, including mtDNA and whole-genome sequencing. The result is consistent that ChRCC originates from the distal nephron compared with other kidney cancers with more proximal origins. Combined mtDNA and gene expression analysis implicates changes in mitochondrial function as a component of the disease biology, while suggesting alternative roles for mtDNA mutations in cancers relying on oxidative phosphorylation. Genomic rearrangements lead to recurrent structural breakpoints within TERT promoter region, which correlates with highly elevated TERT expression and manifestation of kataegis, representing a mechanism of TERT upregulation in cancer distinct from previously observed amplifications and point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb F Davis
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC Room 1W-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixing Yang
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Christian Buhay
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyojin Kang
- National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Catherine C Fahey
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn E Hacker
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gyan Bhanot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Busch Campus, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Dmitry A Gordenin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andy Chu
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Michael Biehl
- Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Intelligent Systems Group, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 407, 9700 AK Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sahil Seth
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benny A Kaipparettu
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence A Donehower
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric M Wallen
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Angela B Smith
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Pheroze Tamboli
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victor Reuter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC Room 1W-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Leidos Biomedical Research, Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - James J Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Raju Kucherlapati
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Peter W Laird
- USC Epigenome Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter J Park
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margaret Morgan
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian Shuch
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC Room 1W-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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79
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Feichtinger RG, Sperl W, Bauer JW, Kofler B. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a neglected component of skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:607-14. [PMID: 24980550 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial structure and function influence tissue homeostasis and thereby contribute to multiple human disorders and ageing. Ten per cent of patients with primary mitochondrial disorders present skin manifestations that can be categorized into hair abnormalities, rashes, pigmentation abnormalities and acrocyanosis. Less attention has been paid to the fact that several disorders of the skin are linked to alterations of mitochondrial energy metabolism. This review article summarizes the contribution of mitochondrial pathology to both common and rare skin diseases. We explore the intriguing observation that a wide array of skin disorders presents with primary or secondary mitochondrial pathology and that a variety of molecular defects can cause dysfunctional mitochondria. Among them are mutations in mitochondrial- and nuclear DNA-encoded subunits and assembly factors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes; mutations in intermediate filament proteins involved in linking, moving and shaping of mitochondria; and disorders of mitochondrial DNA metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and heme synthesis. Thus, we assume that mitochondrial involvement is the rule rather than the exception in skin diseases. We conclude the article by discussing how improving mitochondrial function can be beneficial for aged skin and can be used as an adjunct therapy for certain skin disorders. Consideration of mitochondrial energy metabolism in the skin creates a new perspective for both dermatologists and experts in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- René G Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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80
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Corver WE, van Wezel T, Molenaar K, Schrumpf M, van den Akker B, van Eijk R, Ruano Neto D, Oosting J, Morreau H. Near-haploidization significantly associates with oncocytic adrenocortical, thyroid, and parathyroid tumors but not with mitochondrial DNA mutations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:833-44. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Willem E. Corver
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Kees Molenaar
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Melanie Schrumpf
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Brendy van den Akker
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Eijk
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano Neto
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Jan Oosting
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology; Leiden University Medical Center; RC Leiden Netherlands
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81
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LE PH, Huang SC, Lim SN, Chou CH, Yeh TS, Chen TC, Yen TH, Su MY, Chiu CT, Yeh CT, Lin WR. Complex IV subunit 1 defect predicts postoperative survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1430-1438. [PMID: 24765151 PMCID: PMC3997697 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is responsible for adenosine triphosphate synthesis and OXPHOS deficiency plays a significant role in tumorigenesis. The defects of mitochondrial-encoded OXPHOS subunits have been found in normal and cirrhotic liver, however their contributions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not clear. The present study aimed to examine these defects in resected HCC tissues. In total, 102 human HCC tissues were collected from patients undergoing curative resection, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess tissue expression of complex I subunit 6, complex III subunit 3, complex IV subunit 1 (CIV-1) and complex V subunit 6. Cox proportional hazard model analysis was performed, including all clinicopathological factors, to postoperatively estimate the overall survival rate. The results showed that the majority of HCC tissues contained various degrees of expression defects for OXPHOS subunits. Among these, the major CIV-1 defect (expression defect area of >25% of the examined area) (P<0.001) and early distant metastasis (P<0.001) were independently associated with the overall survival rate. Kaplan-Meier analysis also demonstrated that the major CIV-1 defect was significantly associated with a poor overall survival rate (log-rank, P=0.002). The findings in the present study clearly indicate that the major CIV-1 expression defect may serve as an independent negative prognostic factor in HCC patients following curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puo-Hsien LE
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Hua Chou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yao Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Tang Chiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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82
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Wang X, Peralta S, Moraes CT. Mitochondrial alterations during carcinogenesis: a review of metabolic transformation and targets for anticancer treatments. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 119:127-60. [PMID: 23870511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in multiple cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell death, and aging. Regulated energy production and utilization are critical in maintaining energy homeostasis in normal cells and functional organs. However, mitochondria go through a series of morphological and functional alterations during carcinogenesis. The metabolic profile in transformed cells is altered to accommodate their fast proliferation, confer resistance to cell death, or facilitate metastasis. These transformations also provide targets for anticancer treatment at different levels. In this review, we discuss the major modifications in cell metabolism during carcinogenesis, including energy metabolism, apoptotic and autophagic cell death, adaptation of tumor microenvironment, and metastasis. We also summarize some of the main metabolic targets for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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83
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Shuch B, Linehan WM, Srinivasan R. Aerobic glycolysis: a novel target in kidney cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 13:711-9. [PMID: 23773105 DOI: 10.1586/era.13.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogenous group of cancers that arise from the nephron. While there are distinct histologic subtypes associated with common genetic alterations, most forms of RCC are linked by a common pathway of dysregulated metabolism. Reliance on aerobic glycolysis, a feature of cancer first hypothesized by Warburg, is a common feature in sporadic and hereditary forms of kidney cancer. Two hereditary forms of RCC, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC (HLRCC), are characterized by mutations in Krebs cycle enzymes, rendering them dependent on glycolysis for energy requirements. The reliance on these pathways may make them vulnerable to novel metabolic strategies, including inhibition of glycolysis, glucose uptake and macromolecule biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Shuch
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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84
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Feichtinger RG, Weis S, Mayr JA, Zimmermann F, Geilberger R, Sperl W, Kofler B. Alterations of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in astrocytomas. Glia 2014; 62:514-25. [PMID: 24446254 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The shift in cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, even under aerobic conditions, called the Warburg effect, is a feature of most solid tumors. The activity levels of OXPHOS complexes and citrate synthase were determined in astrocytomas. A gradual decrease of citrate synthase and OXPHOS complexes was observed depending on tumor grade. In low-grade astrocytomas (WHO grade II), enzyme activities of citrate synthase, complex I, and complex V were comparable to those of normal brain tissue. A trend to reduced activities was observed for complexes II-IV. In glioblastoma (WHO grade IV), activities of citrate synthase and complexes I-IV were decreased by 56-92% as compared with normal brain. Immunohistochemical staining for porin revealed that the tumorpil of low-grade astrocytomas displays characteristics of the mitochondria-rich neuropil of normal brain tissue. In high-grade tumors (WHO grades III and IV), the tumorpil was characterized by severe morphologic alterations as well as loss of "pilem" structures. Specific alterations of OXPHOS complexes were observed in all astrocytic tumors by immunohistochemical analysis: 80% of astrocytomas exhibited severe deficiency of complex IV; complex I showed a gradual reduction in amount with increasing tumor grade, whereas complex II showed reduced levels only in high-grade (WHO grade IV) tumors (9/12); complexes III and V did not show significant alterations compared with normal brain tissue. OXPHOS defects were present not only in the cell bodies of tumor cells but also in the pilem structures, indicating that the ramifications/protuberances (tumorpil) in general originate from tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Günther Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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85
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McMahon S, LaFramboise T. Mutational patterns in the breast cancer mitochondrial genome, with clinical correlates. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1046-54. [PMID: 24442641 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in human cancer has long been recognized, but their functional significance has remained obscure. Debate persists as to whether the mutations help drive the tumor, or are bystander events. Here, we analyze next-generation mtDNA sequence data from 99 breast cancer patients. High depth coverage enables detection of even low-level heteroplasmic variants, and data from matched normal tissue allow us to distinguish between shifts in heteroplasmy and acquired mutations. Somatic mtDNA mutations are found in 73 (73.7%) of patient tumors, and dramatic shifts from the initial germline allele proportions are observed for many heteroplasmies. Clustering of somatic mutations in promoter and replication regions, and also in genes coding for electron transport chain complex I, suggest selection for mutations affecting critical mitochondrial processes. Furthermore, statistical tests for Darwinian selection reveal evidence for positive and relaxed negative selection for somatic missense mutations. We also observe a dramatic decrease in per-cell mtDNA content in tumor tissues, as well as a surprising positive correlation between somatic mtDNA mutational burden and patient survival. Taken together, our results support the view that somatic mtDNA mutations are not solely bystander events, but have significance in cancer from both biological and clinical perspectives. We also anticipate that the catalog of heteroplasmies and somatic mutations presented here will serve as a reference for future studies of cancer mitochondrial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McMahon
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and
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86
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Máximo V, Rios E, Sobrinho-Simões M. Oncocytic Lesions of the Thyroid, Kidney, Salivary Glands, Adrenal Cortex, and Parathyroid Glands. Int J Surg Pathol 2014; 22:33-6. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896913517938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncocytic cell represents a special phenotype of neoplastic cells reflecting a unique biologic process characterized by the huge proliferation of morphologically abnormal mitochondria in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells. This phenotype is driven by quite specific molecular mechanisms that interfere with mitochondrial function and metabolism. The oncocytic phenotype is more common in tumors arising in tissues presenting low proliferative rate, such as thyroid, kidney, salivary glands, adrenal cortex, and parathyroid glands, and it is superimposed on the genotypic and conventional histologic features of the tumors. In this short review, we address the similarity of the molecular alterations and of the biological features of the neoplastic cells in the oncocytic tumors of the different organs. We also discuss the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant oncocytic tumors as well as the prognosis of the malignant ones. We conclude that this rather unique phenotype, which is observed in tumors from different organs, indicates common metabolic alterations that may represent a useful target for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemar Máximo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Rios
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Sobrinho-Simões
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar S. João, Porto, Portugal
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87
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Luo SM, Schatten H, Sun QY. Sperm Mitochondria in Reproduction: Good or Bad and Where Do They Go? J Genet Genomics 2013; 40:549-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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88
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Deol PK, Kaur IP. Improving the therapeutic efficiency of ginger extract for treatment of colon cancer using a suitably designed multiparticulate system. J Drug Target 2013; 21:855-65. [PMID: 23962278 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.829076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ginger extract (GE), a potential natural anticancer agent, has compromised therapeutic utilization due to poor bioavailability and physicochemical properties. Present study aimed at assigning GE with a pharmaceutical couture so as to improve its biopharmaceutical performance by monitoring its localized (though prolonged) delivery in the distal parts of gastrointestinal tract for the treatment of colon cancer. Alginate beads entrapping 85.9 ± 1.78% GE were subjected to Eudragit S100 coating. Latter is insoluble at acidic and near neutral (6.8) pH of stomach and upper part of small intestine and it led to 50% retardation (upto 12 h) in release of GE. However, it was solubilised at pH > 7.0 resulting in colon targeted system. Developed beads were free flowing, showed a particle size of 0.9 ± 0.006 mm and super class-II release controlled by swelling and polymer relaxation. Preclinical evaluation using 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer, in male Wistar rats, in terms of histopathology, oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex activity, β-glucuronidase and ammonia concentration determinations indicated GE loaded beads (50 mg/kg) to be significantly better (p < 0.05) than free GE. Highlight of the study was that GE loaded coated alginate beads were administered after the induction of colon cancer and significant recession of the cancers was observed after 4 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parneet Kaur Deol
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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89
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Yang OC, Maxwell PH, Pollard PJ. Renal cell carcinoma: translational aspects of metabolism and therapeutic consequences. Kidney Int 2013; 84:667-81. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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90
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Morgan MA, Markus B, Hermkens M, Damm F, Reinhardt D, Zimmermann M, Thol F, Bunke T, Bogoeva D, Reuter CWM, de Haas V, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Zwaan CM, Reinhardt K. NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4variant sequences in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:891-5. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Markus
- Department of Haematology Haemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | - Malou Hermkens
- Paediatric Oncology/Haematology; Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Damm
- Department of Haematology Haemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | - Martin Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Haematology Haemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | - Tania Bunke
- Department of Haematology Haemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | - Dessislava Bogoeva
- Department of Haematology Haemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | - Christoph W. M. Reuter
- Department of Haematology Haemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
| | | | | | - Christian M. Zwaan
- Paediatric Oncology/Haematology; Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Reinhardt
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover; Germany
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91
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Yadava N, Schneider SS, Jerry DJ, Kim C. Impaired mitochondrial metabolism and mammary carcinogenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:75-87. [PMID: 23269521 PMCID: PMC3581737 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-012-9271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism plays a key role in meeting energetic demands of cells by oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Here, we have briefly discussed (a) the dynamic relationship that exists among glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and OxPhos; (b) the evidence of impaired OxPhos (i.e. mitochondrial dysfunction) in breast cancer; (c) the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction can predispose to cancer; and (d) the effects of host and environmental factors that can negatively affect mitochondrial function. We propose that impaired OxPhos could increase susceptibility to breast cancer via suppression of the p53 pathway, which plays a critical role in preventing tumorigenesis. OxPhos is sensitive to a large number of factors intrinsic to the host (e.g. inflammation) as well as environmental exposures (e.g. pesticides, herbicides and other compounds). Polymorphisms in over 143 genes can also influence the OxPhos system. Therefore, declining mitochondrial oxidative metabolism with age due to host and environmental exposures could be a common mechanism predisposing to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Yadava
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01107, USA.
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92
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Santidrian AF, Matsuno-Yagi A, Ritland M, Seo BB, LeBoeuf SE, Gay LJ, Yagi T, Felding-Habermann B. Mitochondrial complex I activity and NAD+/NADH balance regulate breast cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1068-81. [PMID: 23426180 DOI: 10.1172/jci64264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in clinical therapy, metastasis remains the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA, including those affecting complex I and oxidative phosphorylation, are found in breast tumors and could facilitate metastasis. This study identifies mitochondrial complex I as critical for defining an aggressive phenotype in breast cancer cells. Specific enhancement of mitochondrial complex I activity inhibited tumor growth and metastasis through regulation of the tumor cell NAD+/NADH redox balance, mTORC1 activity, and autophagy. Conversely, nonlethal reduction of NAD+ levels by interfering with nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression rendered tumor cells more aggressive and increased metastasis. The results translate into a new therapeutic strategy: enhancement of the NAD+/NADH balance through treatment with NAD+ precursors inhibited metastasis in xenograft models, increased animal survival, and strongly interfered with oncogene-driven breast cancer progression in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model. Thus, aberration in mitochondrial complex I NADH dehydrogenase activity can profoundly enhance the aggressiveness of human breast cancer cells, while therapeutic normalization of the NAD+/NADH balance can inhibit metastasis and prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Santidrian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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93
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Gasparre G, Porcelli AM, Lenaz G, Romeo G. Relevance of mitochondrial genetics and metabolism in cancer development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:5/2/a011411. [PMID: 23378588 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized in general by a decrease of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, together with a strong enhancement of glycolysis, the so-called Warburg effect. The decrease of mitochondrial activity in cancer cells may have multiple reasons, related either to the input of reducing equivalents to the electron transfer chain or to direct alterations of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes. In some cases, the depression of respiratory activity is clearly the consequence of disruptive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and leads as a consequence to enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By acting both as mutagens and cellular mitogens, ROS may contribute directly to cancer progression. On the basis of our experimental evidence, we suggest a deep implication of the supercomplex organization of the respiratory chain as a missing link between oxidative stress, energy failure, and tumorigenesis. We speculate that under conditions of oxidative stress, a dissociation of mitochondrial supercomplexes occurs, with destabilization of complex I and secondary enhanced generation of ROS, thus leading to a vicious circle amplifying mitochondrial dysfunction. An excellent model to dissect the role of pathogenic, disassembling mtDNA mutations in tumor progression and their contribution to the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells (glycolysis vs. respiration) is provided by an often underdiagnosed subset of tumors, namely, the oncocytomas, characterized by disruptive mutations of mtDNA, especially of complex I subunits. Such mutations almost completely abolish complex I activity, which slows down the Krebs cycle, favoring a high ratio of α-ketoglutarate/succinate and consequent destabilization of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). On the other hand, if complex I is partially defective, the levels of NAD(+) may be sufficient to implement the Krebs cycle with higher levels of intermediates that stabilize HIF1α, thus favoring tumor malignancy. The threshold model we propose, based on the population-like dynamics of mitochondrial genetics (heteroplasmy vs. homoplasmy), implies that below threshold complex I is present and functioning correctly, thus favoring tumor growth, whereas above threshold, when complex I is not assembled, tumor growth is arrested. We have therefore termed "oncojanus" the mtDNA genes whose disruptive mutations have such a double-edged effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Bologna Medical School, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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94
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Tosato V, Grüning NM, Breitenbach M, Arnak R, Ralser M, Bruschi CV. Warburg effect and translocation-induced genomic instability: two yeast models for cancer cells. Front Oncol 2013; 2:212. [PMID: 23346549 PMCID: PMC3548335 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast has been established as an efficient model system to study biological principles underpinning human health. In this review we focus on yeast models covering two aspects of cancer formation and progression (i) the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK), which recapitulates metabolic features of cancer cells, including the Warburg effect, and (ii) chromosome bridge-induced translocation (BIT) mimiking genome instability in cancer. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model to study cancer cell metabolism, as exponentially growing yeast cells exhibit many metabolic similarities with rapidly proliferating cancer cells. The metabolic reconfiguration includes an increase in glucose uptake and fermentation, at the expense of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (the Warburg effect), and involves a broad reconfiguration of nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. Both in yeast and humans, the regulation of this process seems to have a central player, PK, which is up-regulated in cancer, and to occur mostly on a post-transcriptional and post-translational basis. Furthermore, BIT allows to generate selectable translocation-derived recombinants ("translocants"), between any two desired chromosomal locations, in wild-type yeast strains transformed with a linear DNA cassette carrying a selectable marker flanked by two DNA sequences homologous to different chromosomes. Using the BIT system, targeted non-reciprocal translocations in mitosis are easily inducible. An extensive collection of different yeast translocants exhibiting genome instability and aberrant phenotypes similar to cancer cells has been produced and subjected to analysis. In this review, we hence provide an overview upon two yeast cancer models, and extrapolate general principles for mimicking human disease mechanisms in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tosato
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Trieste, Italy
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95
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Iommarini L, Calvaruso MA, Kurelac I, Gasparre G, Porcelli AM. Complex I impairment in mitochondrial diseases and cancer: Parallel roads leading to different outcomes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:47-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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96
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De Paepe B. Mitochondrial Markers for Cancer: Relevance to Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis and General Understanding of Malignant Disease Mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/217162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells display changes that aid them to escape from cell death, sustain their proliferative powers, and shift their metabolism toward glycolytic energy production. Mitochondria are key organelles in many metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, and the adaptation of mitochondrial function has been recognized as crucial to the changes that occur in cancer cells. This paper zooms in on the pathologic evaluation of mitochondrial markers for diagnosing and staging of human cancer and determining the patients’ prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boel De Paepe
- Laboratories for Neuropathology & Mitochondrial Disorders, Ghent University Hospital, Building K5 3rd Floor, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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97
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Hasumi H, Baba M, Hasumi Y, Huang Y, Oh H, Hughes RM, Klein ME, Takikita S, Nagashima K, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM. Regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism by tumor suppressor FLCN. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:1750-64. [PMID: 23150719 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a hereditary hamartoma syndrome that predisposes patients to develop hair follicle tumors, lung cysts, and kidney cancer. Genetic studies of BHD patients have uncovered the causative gene, FLCN, but its function is incompletely understood. METHODS Mice with conditional alleles of FLCN and/or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A), a transcriptional coactivator that regulates mitochondrial biogenesis, were crossbred with mice harboring either muscle creatine kinase (CKM) -Cre or myogenin (MYOG) -Cre transgenes to knock out FLCN and/or PPARGC1A in muscle, or cadherin 16 (CDH16)- Cre transgenes to knock out FLCN and/or PPARGC1A in kidney. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, electron microscopy, and metabolic profiling assay were performed to evaluate mitochondrial biogenesis and function in muscle. Immunoblotting, electron microscopy, and histological analysis were used to investigate expression and the pathological role of PPARGC1A in FLCN-deficient kidney. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, oxygen consumption measurement, and flow cytometry were carried out using a FLCN-null kidney cancer cell line. All statistical analyses were two-sided. RESULTS Muscle-targeted FLCN knockout mice underwent a pronounced metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation, including increased mitochondrial biogenesis (FLCN ( f/f ) vs FLCN ( f/f ) /CKM-Cre: % mitochondrial area mean = 7.8% vs 17.8%; difference = 10.0%; 95% confidence interval = 5.7% to 14.3%; P < .001), and the observed increase in mitochondrial biogenesis was PPARGC1A dependent. Reconstitution of FLCN-null kidney cancer cells with wild-type FLCN suppressed mitochondrial metabolism and PPARGC1A expression. Kidney-targeted PPARGC1A inactivation partially rescued the enlarged kidney phenotype and abrogated the hyperplastic cells observed in the FLCN-deficient kidney. CONCLUSION FLCN deficiency and subsequent increased PPARGC1A expression result in increased mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism as the source of cellular energy, which may give FLCN-null kidney cells a growth advantage and drive hyperplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hasumi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Dr, MSC 1107, CRC Rm 1-5940W, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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98
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Bluemlein K, Glückmann M, Grüning NM, Feichtinger R, Krüger A, Wamelink M, Lehrach H, Tate S, Neureiter D, Kofler B, Ralser M. Pyruvate kinase is a dosage-dependent regulator of cellular amino acid homeostasis. Oncotarget 2012; 3:1356-69. [PMID: 23154538 PMCID: PMC3717798 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) is required for cancer development, and has been implicated in the metabolic transition from oxidative to fermentative metabolism, the Warburg effect. However, the global metabolic response that follows changes in PK activity is not yet fully understood. Using shotgun proteomics, we identified 31 yeast proteins that were regulated in a PK-dependent manner. Selective reaction monitoring confirmed that their expression was dependent on PK isoform, level and activity. Most of the PK targets were amino acid metabolizing enzymes or factors of protein translation, indicating that PK plays a global regulatory role in biosynthethic amino acid metabolism. Indeed, we found strongly altered amino acid profiles when PK levels were changed. Low PK levels increased the cellular glutamine and glutamate concentrations, but decreased the levels of seven amino acids including serine and histidine. To test for evolutionary conservation of this PK function, we quantified orthologues of the identified PK targets in thyroid follicular adenoma, a tumor characterized by high PK levels and low respiratory activity. Aminopeptidase AAP-1 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase SHMT1 both showed PKM2- concentration dependence, and were upregulated in the tumor. Thus, PK expression levels and activity were important for maintaining cellular amino acid homeostasis. Mediating between energy production, ROS clearance and amino acid biosynthesis, PK thus plays a central regulatory role in the metabolism of proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bluemlein
- Department of Biochemistry & Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nana-Maria Grüning
- Department of Biochemistry & Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - René Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Antje Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Wamelink
- VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, University Hospital Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry & Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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Kurelac I, MacKay A, Lambros MBK, Di Cesare E, Cenacchi G, Ceccarelli C, Morra I, Melcarne A, Morandi L, Calabrese FM, Attimonelli M, Tallini G, Reis-Filho JS, Gasparre G. Somatic complex I disruptive mitochondrial DNA mutations are modifiers of tumorigenesis that correlate with low genomic instability in pituitary adenomas. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:226-38. [PMID: 23049073 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leading to the disruption of respiratory complex I (CI) have been shown to exhibit anti-tumorigenic effects, at variance with those impairing only the function but not the assembly of the complex, which appear to contribute positively to cancer development. Owing to the challenges in the analysis of the multi-copy mitochondrial genome, it is yet to be determined whether tumour-associated mtDNA lesions occur as somatic modifying factors or as germ-line predisposing elements. Here we investigated the whole mitochondrial genome sequence of 20 pituitary adenomas with oncocytic phenotype and identified pathogenic and/or novel mtDNA mutations in 60% of the cases. Using highly sensitive techniques, namely fluorescent PCR and allele-specific locked nucleic acid quantitative PCR, we identified the most likely somatic nature of these mutations in our sample set, since none of the mutations was detected in the corresponding blood tissue of the patients analysed. Furthermore, we have subjected a series of 48 pituitary adenomas to a high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization analysis, which revealed that CI disruptive mutations, and the oncocytic phenotype, significantly correlate with low number of chromosomal aberrations in the nuclear genome. We conclude that CI disruptive mutations in pituitary adenomas are somatic modifiers of tumorigenesis most likely contributing not only to the development of oncocytic change, but also to a less aggressive tumour phenotype, as indicated by a stable karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kurelac
- Dip. di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, U.O. Genetica Medica, Bologna, Italy
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100
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Changes in mitochondrial DNA alter expression of nuclear encoded genes associated with tumorigenesis. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2215-25. [PMID: 22705584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the presence of a mtDNA mutation hotspot in UV-induced premalignant and malignant skin tumors in hairless mice. We have modeled this change (9821insA) in murine cybrid cells and demonstrated that this alteration in mtDNA associated with mtBALB haplotype can alter the biochemical characteristics of cybrids and subsequently can contribute to significant changes in their behavioral capabilities. This study shows that changes in mtDNA can produce differences in expression levels of specific nuclear-encoded genes, which are capable of triggering the phenotypes such as seen in malignant cells. From a potential list of differentially expressed genes discovered by microarray analysis, we selected MMP-9 and Col1a1 for further studies. Real-time PCR confirmed up-regulation of MMP-9 and down-regulation of Col1a1 in cybrids harboring the mtDNA associated with the skin tumors. These cybrids also showed significantly increased migration and invasion abilities compared to wild type. The non-specific MMP inhibitor, GM6001, was able to inhibit migratory and invasive abilities of the 9821insA cybrids confirming a critical role of MMPs in cellular motility. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key transcription factor for production of MMPs. An inhibitor of NF-κB activation, Bay 11-7082, was able to inhibit the expression of MMP-9 and ultimately decrease migration and invasion of mutant cybrids containing 9821insA. These studies confirm a role of NF-κB in the regulation of MMP-9 expression and through this regulation modulates the migratory and invasive capabilities of cybrids with mutant mtDNA. Enhanced migration and invasion abilities caused by up-regulated MMP-9 may contribute to the tumorigenic phenotypic characteristics of mutant cybrids.
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