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Identifying Mutually Exclusive Gene Sets with Prognostic Value and Novel Potential Driver Genes in Patients with Glioblastoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4860367. [PMID: 31815141 PMCID: PMC6878817 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4860367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) remain poorly understood. Mutual exclusivity analysis can distinguish driver genes and pathways from passenger ones. The purpose of this study was to identify mutually exclusive gene sets (MEGSs) that have prognostic value and to detect novel driver genes in GBM. The genomic alteration profile and clinical information were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the MEGSA method was used to identify the MEGS. Next, we performed survival analysis and constructed a risk prediction model for prognostic stratification. Leave-one-out cross-validation and permutation test were used to evaluate its performance. Finally, we identified 21 statistically significant MEGSs. We found that the MEGS in the RB pathway was significantly associated with poor prognosis, after adjusting for age and gender (HR = 1.837, 95% CI: 1.192-2.831). Based on the risk prediction model, 208 (80.9%) and 49 (19.1%) patients were assigned to high- and low-risk groups, respectively (log-rank: p < 0.001, adjusted p=0.001). Additionally, we found that SPTA1, a novel gene involved in the MEGS, was mutually exclusive with members of cell cycle, P53, and RB pathways. In conclusion, the MEGS in the RB pathway had considerable clinical value for GBM prognostic stratification. Mutated SPTA1 may be involved in GBM development.
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Fedele P, Sanna V, Fancellu A, Cinieri S. A clinical evaluation of treatments that target cell cycle machinery in breast cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:2305-2315. [PMID: 31610139 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1672659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palma Fedele
- Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, “Antonio Perrino” Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Valeria Sanna
- Medical Oncology, Hospital of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fancellu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences. Unit of General Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- Medical Oncology & Breast Unit, “Antonio Perrino” Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
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53
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Choi C, Park S, Cho WK, Choi DH. Cyclin D1 is Associated with Radiosensitivity of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Proton Beam Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194943. [PMID: 31591311 PMCID: PMC6801441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy offers a distinct physical advantage over conventional X-ray therapy, but its biological advantages remain understudied. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic factors that contribute to proton sensitivity in breast cancer (BC). Therefore, we screened relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 230 MeV protons, compared to 6 MV X-rays, in ten human BC cell lines, including five triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Clonogenic survival assays revealed a wide range of proton RBE across the BC cell lines, with one out of ten BC cell lines having an RBE significantly different from the traditional generic RBE of 1.1. An abundance of cyclin D1 was associated with proton RBE. Downregulation of RB1 by siRNA or a CDK4/6 inhibitor increased proton sensitivity but not proton RBE. Instead, the depletion of cyclin D1 increased proton RBE in two TNBC cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. Conversely, overexpression of cyclin D1 decreased the proton RBE in cyclin D1-deficient BT-549 cells. The depletion of cyclin D1 impaired proton-induced RAD51 foci formation in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, this study provides important clues about the cyclin D1-CDK4-RB1 pathway as a potential target for proton beam therapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Won Kyung Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
| | - Doo Ho Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
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54
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Alkhilaiwi F, Paul S, Zhou D, Zhang X, Wang F, Palechor-Ceron N, Wilson K, Guha R, Ferrer M, Grant N, Thomas C, Schlegel R, Yuan H. High-throughput screening identifies candidate drugs for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2019; 8:100181. [PMID: 31446060 PMCID: PMC6723410 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign neoplasm of the larynx caused mainly by human papillomavirus type 6 or 11 and its standard treatment involves repeated surgical debulking of the laryngeal tumors. However, significant morbidity and occasional mortality due to multiple recurrences occur. Conditional reprogramming (CR) was used to establish a HPV-6 positive culture from an RRP patient, named GUMC-403. High-throughput screening was performed at the National Center for Advanced Technology (NCATS) to identify potential drugs to treat this rare but morbid disease. GUMC-403 cells were screened against the NPC library of >2800 approved drugs and the MIPE library of >1900 investigational drugs to identify new uses for FDA-approved drugs or drugs that have undergone significant research and development. From the two libraries, we identified a total of 13 drugs that induced significant cytotoxicity in RRP cells at IC50 values that were clinically achievable. We validated the efficacy of the drugs in vitro using CR 2D and 3D models and further refined our list of drugs to panobinostat, dinaciclib and forskolin as potential therapies for RRP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Alkhilaiwi
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA; College of Pharmacy, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddartha Paul
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Feibai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kelli Wilson
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Nazaneen Grant
- Department of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Craig Thomas
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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55
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Bertucci F, Ng CKY, Patsouris A, Droin N, Piscuoglio S, Carbuccia N, Soria JC, Dien AT, Adnani Y, Kamal M, Garnier S, Meurice G, Jimenez M, Dogan S, Verret B, Chaffanet M, Bachelot T, Campone M, Lefeuvre C, Bonnefoi H, Dalenc F, Jacquet A, De Filippo MR, Babbar N, Birnbaum D, Filleron T, Le Tourneau C, André F. Genomic characterization of metastatic breast cancers. Nature 2019; 569:560-564. [PMID: 31118521 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death for patients with breast cancer. Many studies have characterized the genomic landscape of breast cancer during its early stages. However, there is evidence that genomic alterations are acquired during the evolution of cancers from their early to late stages, and that the genomic landscape of early cancers is not representative of that of lethal cancers1-7. Here we investigated the landscape of somatic alterations in 617 metastatic breast cancers. Nine driver genes (TP53, ESR1, GATA3, KMT2C, NCOR1, AKT1, NF1, RIC8A and RB1) were more frequently mutated in metastatic breast cancers that expressed hormone receptors (oestrogen and/or progesterone receptors; HR+) but did not have high levels of HER2 (HER2-; n = 381), when compared to early breast cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, 18 amplicons were more frequently observed in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancers. These cancers showed an increase in mutational signatures S2, S3, S10, S13 and S17. Among the gene alterations that were enriched in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancers, mutations in TP53, RB1 and NF1, together with S10, S13 and S17, were associated with poor outcome. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancers showed an increase in the frequency of somatic biallelic loss-of-function mutations in genes related to homologous recombination DNA repair, compared to early triple-negative breast cancers (7% versus 2%). Finally, metastatic breast cancers showed an increase in mutational burden and clonal diversity compared to early breast cancers. Thus, the genomic landscape of metastatic breast cancer is enriched in clinically relevant genomic alterations and is more complex than that of early breast cancer. The identification of genomic alterations associated with poor outcome will allow earlier and better selection of patients who require the use of treatments that are still in clinical trials. The genetic complexity observed in advanced breast cancer suggests that such treatments should be introduced as early as possible in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Patsouris
- Inserm, U1232, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- Genomic Core Facility UMS AMMICA Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, US23, Villejuif, France
- CNRS, UMS3665, Villejuif, France
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Carbuccia
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Charles Soria
- Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Alicia Tran Dien
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahia Adnani
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Maud Kamal
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Séverine Garnier
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Semih Dogan
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Verret
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mario Campone
- Inserm, U1232, Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Saint Herblain, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naveen Babbar
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- CRCM, Predictive Oncology team, Inserm, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Saint-Cloud, France
- INSERM U900, Saint-Cloud, France
- Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Fabrice André
- Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.
- Inserm, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, UMR981, Villejuif, France.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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56
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Knudsen ES, Pruitt SC, Hershberger PA, Witkiewicz AK, Goodrich DW. Cell Cycle and Beyond: Exploiting New RB1 Controlled Mechanisms for Cancer Therapy. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:308-324. [PMID: 31174843 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the importance of the RB1 tumor suppressor as a target for cancer therapy. Canonically, RB1 regulates cell cycle progression and represents the downstream target for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors that are in clinical use. However, newly discovered features of the RB1 pathway suggest new therapeutic strategies to counter resistance and improve precision medicine. These therapeutic strategies include deepening cell cycle exit with CDK4/6 inhibitor combinations, selectively targeting tumors that have lost RB1, and expanding therapeutic index by mitigating therapy-associated adverse effects. In addition, RB1 impacts immunological features of tumors and the microenvironment that can enhance sensitivity to immunotherapy. Lastly, RB1 specifies epigenetically determined cell lineage states that are disrupted during therapy resistance and could be re-installed through the direct use of epigenetic therapies. Thus, new opportunities are emerging to improve cancer therapy by exploiting the RB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Knudsen
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Steven C Pruitt
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Pamela A Hershberger
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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57
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Li CW, Chen BS. Investigating HIV-Human Interaction Networks to Unravel Pathogenic Mechanism for Drug Discovery: A Systems Biology Approach. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:77-95. [PMID: 29468972 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180219155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two big issues in the study of pathogens are determining how pathogens infect hosts and how the host defends itself against infection. Therefore, investigating host-pathogen interactions is important for understanding pathogenicity and host defensive mechanisms and treating infections. METHODS In this study, we used omics data, including time-course data from high-throughput sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and human microRNA (miRNA) and protein-protein interaction to construct an interspecies protein-protein and miRNA interaction (PPMI) network of human CD4+ T cells during HIV-1 infection through system modeling and identification. RESULTS By applying a functional annotation tool to the identified PPMI network at each stage of HIV infection, we found that repressions of three miRNAs, miR-140-5p, miR-320a, and miR-941, are involved in the development of autoimmune disorders, tumor proliferation, and the pathogenesis of T cells at the reverse transcription stage. Repressions of miR-331-3p and miR-320a are involved in HIV-1 replication, replicative spread, anti-apoptosis, cell proliferation, and dysregulation of cell cycle control at the integration/replication stage. Repression of miR-341-5p is involved in carcinogenesis at the late stage of HIV-1 infection. CONCLUSION By investigating the common core proteins and changes in specific proteins in the PPMI network between the stages of HIV-1 infection, we obtained pathogenic insights into the functional core modules and identified potential drug combinations for treating patients with HIV-1 infection, including thalidomide, oxaprozin, and metformin, at the reverse transcription stage; quercetin, nifedipine, and fenbendazole, at the integration/replication stage; and staurosporine, quercetin, prednisolone, and flufenamic acid, at the late stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Li
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sen Chen
- Laboratory of Control and Systems Biology, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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58
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Das AB. Disease association of human tumor suppressor genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:931-940. [PMID: 30945018 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial disease, cancer, frequently emerges due to perturbations in tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). However, a growing number of noncanonical target genes of TSGs and the highly interconnected nature of the human interactome reveal that the functions of TSGs are not limited to cancer-specific events. The various functions of TSGs lead to the assumption that cancer is linked with other human disorders. Therefore, a disease-gene association network of TSGs (TSDN) was constructed by integrating protein-protein interaction networks of TSGs (TSN) with Morbid Map in Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. The TSDN revealed links between TSGs and 22 different human disorders including cancer and indicated disease-disease associations. In addition, high-density functional protein clusters in the TSN showed cohesive and overlapping disease-TSG associations, which proved the prevalent role of TSGs in various human diseases beyond cancer. The presence of overlapping disease-gene modules and disease-disease associations via the TSN demonstrated that other diseases can serve as possible roots of the life-threatening disease cancer. Therefore, a disease association map of TSGs could be a promising tool for exploring intricate relationships between cancer and other diseases for the early prediction of cancer and the understanding of disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Bikas Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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59
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Lu QR, Qian L, Zhou X. Developmental origins and oncogenic pathways in malignant brain tumors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e342. [PMID: 30945456 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors such as adult glioblastomas and pediatric high-grade gliomas or medulloblastomas are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, exhibiting poor prognoses with little improvement in outcomes in the past several decades. These tumors are heterogeneous and can be initiated from various neural cell types, contributing to therapy resistance. How such heterogeneity arises is linked to the tumor cell of origin and their genetic alterations. Brain tumorigenesis and progression recapitulate key features associated with normal neurogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are quite dysregulated as tumor cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner. Recent comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic studies at single-cell resolution have shed new light onto diverse tumor-driving events, cellular heterogeneity, and cells of origin in different brain tumors. Primary and secondary glioblastomas develop through different genetic alterations and pathways, such as EGFR amplification and IDH1/2 or TP53 mutation, respectively. Mutations such as histone H3K27M impacting epigenetic modifications define a distinct group of pediatric high-grade gliomas such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The identification of distinct genetic, epigenomic profiles and cellular heterogeneity has led to new classifications of adult and pediatric brain tumor subtypes, affording insights into molecular and lineage-specific vulnerabilities for treatment stratification. This review discusses our current understanding of tumor cells of origin, heterogeneity, recurring genetic and epigenetic alterations, oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways for adult glioblastomas, pediatric high-grade gliomas, and medulloblastomas, the genetically heterogeneous groups of malignant brain tumors. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lily Qian
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xianyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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60
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Vendrely V, Amintas S, Noel C, Moranvillier I, Lamrissi I, Rousseau B, Coulibaly S, Bedel A, Moreau-Gaudry F, Buscail E, Chiche L, Belleannée G, Dupin C, Dabernat S. Combination treatment of resveratrol and capsaicin radiosensitizes pancreatic tumor cells by unbalancing DNA repair response to radiotherapy towards cell death. Cancer Lett 2019; 451:1-10. [PMID: 30849482 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers because it is highly resistant to every available therapeutic strategy, in particular conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy (RT). Sensitizing tumor cells to existing treatments remains a good option to obtain fast and applicable results. Considering that ionizing radiations induce radiolysis-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that ROS-inducing bioactive food components (BFCs) could exacerbate ROS-related cell damages, including DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs), leaving the cellular ROS scavenging systems overwhelmed, and precipitating tumor cell death. Combination of resveratrol and capsaicin radiosensitized radiosensitive tumor cells, but RT did not increase BFC combination toxicity in radioresistant tumor cells. BFC addition to RT increased ROS production and led to significant tumor volume reduction in xenografted mouse preclinical model. Strikingly, BFCs inhibited RT-induced DNA damage molecular response by strongly limiting the first steps of DSB repair, and by keeping cells in cell cycle, provoking exacerbated intrinsic apoptosis. This study positions BFCs as potent radiosensitizers when combined, and identifies an actionable molecular pathway by resveratrol and capsaicin combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Amintas
- CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Lamrissi
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Aurélie Bedel
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Moreau-Gaudry
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Etienne Buscail
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Chiche
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Sandrine Dabernat
- INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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61
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Zhang K, Hong R, Kaping L, Xu F, Xia W, Qin G, Zheng Q, Lu Q, Zhai Q, Shi Y, Yuan Z, Deng W, Chen M, Wang S. CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib enhances the effect of pyrotinib in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:130-140. [PMID: 30677445 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is amplified in about 20% breast cancers. Treat of HER2 positive breast cancers has been greatly promoted in last few years, but the accompany HER2 blockade has hindered the therapeutic effect. Pyrotinib is a pan-HER kinase inhibitor that suppresses signaling through the RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. Palbociclib is a CDK4/6 inhibitor that inhibits cell cycle progression and cancer cell proliferation in ER+ breast cancers. We hypothesized that the combination of pan-HER kinase inhibitors and CDK4/6 inhibitors would show synergistic antitumor activity in vivo in vitro. Our data show that a combination of palbociclib and pyrotinib was highly synergistic in inhibiting cancer proliferation and colony formation. The combined treatment also induced significant decreases in pAKT and pHER3 activation, induced G0-G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased rates of apoptosis. In the xenograft model, the combination treatment demonstrated greater antitumor activity than either agent alone, with no apparent increase in toxicity. Our results offer a preclinical rationale clinical investigation of the effectiveness of a combination treatment of palbociclib with pyrotinib for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Ruoxi Hong
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Lee Kaping
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Fei Xu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Wen Xia
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Ge Qin
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Qinglian Zhai
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
| | - Shusen Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
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Lorber T, Andor N, Dietsche T, Perrina V, Juskevicius D, Pereira K, Greer SU, Krause A, Müller DC, Savic Prince S, Lardinois D, Barrett MT, Ruiz C, Bubendorf L. Exploring the spatiotemporal genetic heterogeneity in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma using a nuclei flow-sorting approach. J Pathol 2018; 247:199-213. [PMID: 30350422 DOI: 10.1002/path.5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Variable tumor cellularity can limit sensitivity and precision in comparative genomics because differences in tumor content can result in misclassifying truncal mutations as region-specific private mutations in stroma-rich regions, especially when studying tissue specimens of mediocre tumor cellularity such as lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs). To address this issue, we refined a nuclei flow-sorting approach by sorting nuclei based on ploidy and the LUAD lineage marker thyroid transcription factor 1 and applied this method to investigate genome-wide somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) and mutations of 409 cancer genes in 39 tumor populations obtained from 16 primary tumors and 21 matched metastases. This approach increased the mean tumor purity from 54% (range 7-89%) of unsorted material to 92% (range 79-99%) after sorting. Despite this rise in tumor purity, we detected limited genetic heterogeneity between primary tumors and their metastases. In fact, 88% of SCNAs and 80% of mutations were propagated from primary tumors to metastases and low allele frequency mutations accounted for much of the mutational heterogeneity. Even though the presence of SCNAs indicated a history of chromosomal instability (CIN) in all tumors, metastases did not have more SCNAs than primary tumors. Moreover, tumors with biallelic TP53 or ATM mutations had high numbers of SCNAs, yet they were associated with a low interlesional genetic heterogeneity. The results of our study thus provide evidence that most macroevolutionary events occur in primary tumors before metastatic dissemination and advocate for a limited degree of CIN over time and space in this cohort of LUADs. Sampling of primary tumors thus may suffice to detect most mutations and SCNAs. In addition, metastases but not primary tumors had seeded additional metastases in three of four patients; this provides a genomic rational for surgical treatment of such oligometastatic LUADs. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lorber
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Noemi Andor
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanja Dietsche
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Perrina
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darius Juskevicius
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Pereira
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie U Greer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Krause
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David C Müller
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic Prince
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael T Barrett
- Division of Hematology and Molecular Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Christian Ruiz
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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63
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Ghosh D, Nandi S, Bhattacharjee S. Combination therapy to checkmate Glioblastoma: clinical challenges and advances. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:33. [PMID: 30327965 PMCID: PMC6191404 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is increasingly becoming the cornerstone of current day antitumor therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive brain tumor with a dismal median survival post diagnosis and a high rate of disease recurrence. The poor prognosis can be attributed to unique treatment limitations, which include the infiltrative nature of tumor cells, failure of anti-glioma drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity and the highly metastatic and angiogenic nature of the tumor making cells resistant to chemotherapy. Combination therapy approach is being developed against glioblastoma with new innovative combination drug regimens being tested in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of glioblastoma, diagnostic markers, therapeutic targeting strategies, current treatment limitations, novel combination therapies in the context of current treatment options and the ongoing clinical trials for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Ghosh
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
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64
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Balça-Silva J, Matias D, Carmo AD, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Lopes MC, Moura-Neto V. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma malignancy: Implications in resistance and therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 58:130-141. [PMID: 30266571 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the more frequent and malignant brain tumour. In spite of all efforts, the median overall survival of GB patients remains approximately 15 months under therapy. The molecular biology underlying GB is complex, which highlight the need of specific treatment strategies. In fact, the deregulation of several molecular signalling pathways, the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), that makes almost all the chemotherapeutic agents inaccessible to the tumour site, and the existence of a population of stem-like cells known to be responsible for tumour recurrence after therapy, can contribute to GB chemoresistance. In the present review, we summarize the reliable factors responsible for the failure of the most important chemotherapeutic agents in GB. Specifically, we describe the utmost important characteristics of the BBB, as well as the genetic, molecular and transcription factors alterations that lead to tumour malignancy, and ultimately their impact on stem-like cell plasticity modulation. Recently, nanocarriers have attracted increasing attention in brain- and tumour-targeted drug-delivery systems, owing to their potential ability to target cell surface specific molecules and to cross the BBB delivering the drug specifically to the tumour cells, improving efficacy and thus reducing non-specific toxicity. In this sense, we will lastly highlight the therapeutic challenges and improvements regarding GB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Balça-Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN) - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Diana Matias
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN) - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anália do Carmo
- Clinical Pathology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC) and Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), group of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC); Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN) - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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65
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Ozturk K, Dow M, Carlin DE, Bejar R, Carter H. The Emerging Potential for Network Analysis to Inform Precision Cancer Medicine. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2875-2899. [PMID: 29908887 PMCID: PMC6097914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Precision cancer medicine promises to tailor clinical decisions to patients using genomic information. Indeed, successes of drugs targeting genetic alterations in tumors, such as imatinib that targets BCR-ABL in chronic myelogenous leukemia, have demonstrated the power of this approach. However, biological systems are complex, and patients may differ not only by the specific genetic alterations in their tumor, but also by more subtle interactions among such alterations. Systems biology and more specifically, network analysis, provides a framework for advancing precision medicine beyond clinical actionability of individual mutations. Here we discuss applications of network analysis to study tumor biology, early methods for N-of-1 tumor genome analysis, and the path for such tools to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kivilcim Ozturk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michelle Dow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel E Carlin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Moores Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; CIFAR, MaRS Centre, West Tower, 661 University Ave., Suite 505, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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66
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Raspé E, Coulonval K, Pita JM, Paternot S, Rothé F, Twyffels L, Brohée S, Craciun L, Larsimont D, Kruys V, Sandras F, Salmon I, Van Laere S, Piccart M, Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C, Roger PP. CDK4 phosphorylation status and a linked gene expression profile predict sensitivity to palbociclib. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1052-1066. [PMID: 28566333 PMCID: PMC5538335 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D-CDK4/6 are the first CDK complexes to be activated in the G1 phase in response to oncogenic pathways. The specific CDK4/6 inhibitor PD0332991 (palbociclib) was recently approved by the FDA and EMA for treatment of advanced ER-positive breast tumors. Unfortunately, no reliable predictive tools are available for identifying potentially responsive or insensitive tumors. We had shown that the activating T172 phosphorylation of CDK4 is the central rate-limiting event that initiates the cell cycle decision and signals the presence of active CDK4. Here, we report that the profile of post-translational modification including T172 phosphorylation of CDK4 differs among breast tumors and associates with their subtypes and risk. A gene expression signature faithfully predicted CDK4 modification profiles in tumors and cell lines. Moreover, in breast cancer cell lines, the CDK4 T172 phosphorylation best correlated with sensitivity to PD0332991. This gene expression signature identifies tumors that are unlikely to respond to CDK4/6 inhibitors and could help to select a subset of patients with HER2-positive and basal-like tumors for clinical studies on this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Raspé
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium .,ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Coulonval
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M Pita
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Paternot
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Rothé
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Twyffels
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Brohée
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Tumor Bank of the Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavienne Sandras
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Biobank of the Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Biobank of the Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Medical Oncology Clinic, Department of Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michail Ignatiadis
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium .,Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P Roger
- WELBIO and Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium .,ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-CRC) Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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67
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Pentimalli F, Forte IM, Esposito L, Indovina P, Iannuzzi CA, Alfano L, Costa C, Barone D, Rocco G, Giordano A. RBL2/p130 is a direct AKT target and is required to induce apoptosis upon AKT inhibition in lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines. Oncogene 2018; 37:3657-3671. [PMID: 29606701 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) protein family includes RB1/p105, RBL1/p107, and RBL2/p130, which are key factors in cell-cycle regulation and stand at the crossroads of multiple pathways dictating cell fate decisions. The role of RB proteins in apoptosis is controversial because they can inhibit or promote apoptosis depending on the context, on the apoptotic stimuli and on their intrinsic status, impacting on the response to antitumoral treatments. Here we identified RBL2/p130 as a direct substrate of the AKT kinase, a key antiapoptotic factor hyperactive in multiple cancer types. We showed that RBL2/p130 and AKT1 physically interact and AKT phosphorylates RBL2/p130 Ser941, located in the pocket domain, but not when this residue is mutated into Ala. We found that pharmacological inhibition of AKT, through the highly selective AKT inhibitor VIII (AKTiVIII), impairs RBL2/p130 Ser941 phosphorylation and increases RBL2/p130 stability, mRNA expression and nuclear levels in both lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines, mirroring the more extensively studied effects on the p27 cell-cycle inhibitor. Consistently, AKT inhibition reduced cell viability, induced cell accumulation in G0/G1, and triggered apoptosis, which proved to be largely dependent on RBL2/p130 itself, as shown upon RBL2/p130 silencing. AKT inhibition induced RBL2/p130-dependent apoptosis also in HEK-293 cells, in which re-expression of a short hairpin-resistant RBL2/p130 was able to rescue AKTiVIII-induced apoptosis upon RBL2/p130 silencing. Our data also showed that the combination of AKT and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) inhibitors, which converge on the re-activation of RBL2/p130 antitumoral potential, could be a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pentimalli
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Iris M Forte
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Esposito
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Scienceand Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Carmelina A Iannuzzi
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Alfano
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Barone
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"; IRCCS, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Scienceand Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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68
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Witkiewicz AK, Chung S, Brough R, Vail P, Franco J, Lord CJ, Knudsen ES. Targeting the Vulnerability of RB Tumor Suppressor Loss in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 22:1185-1199. [PMID: 29386107 PMCID: PMC5967622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) exhibit functional loss of the RB tumor suppressor, suggesting a target for precision intervention. Here, we use drug screens to identify agents specifically antagonized by the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) using CDK4/6 inhibitors. A number of candidate RB-synthetic lethal small molecules were identified, including anti-helmenthics, chemotherapeutic agents, and small-molecule inhibitors targeting DNA-damage checkpoints (e.g., CHK) and chromosome segregation (e.g., PLK1). Counter-screens using isogenic TNBC tumor cell lines and cell panels with varying endogenous RB statuses confirmed that therapeutic effects were robust and selective for RB loss of function. By analyzing TNBC clinical specimens, RB-deficient tumors were found to express high levels of CHK1 and PLK1. Loss of RB specifically resulted in loss of checkpoint functions governing DNA replication, yielding increased drug sensitivity. Xenograft models demonstrated RB-selective efficacy of CHK inhibitors. This study supports the possibility of selectively targeting RB loss in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Sejin Chung
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Rachel Brough
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paris Vail
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jorge Franco
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Christopher J Lord
- CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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69
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Gao P, Seebacher NA, Hornicek F, Guo Z, Duan Z. Advances in sarcoma gene mutations and therapeutic targets. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 62:98-109. [PMID: 29190505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare and complex malignancies that have been associated with a poor prognostic outcome. Over the last few decades, traditional treatment with surgery and/or chemotherapy has not significantly improved outcomes for most types of sarcomas. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the understanding of specific gene mutations that are important in driving the pathogenesis and progression of sarcomas. Identification of these new gene mutations, using next-generation sequencing and advanced molecular techniques, has revealed a range of potential therapeutic targets. This, in turn, may lead to the development of novel agents targeted to different sarcoma subtypes. In this review, we highlight the advances made in identifying sarcoma gene mutations, including those of p53, RB, PI3K and IDH genes, as well as novel therapeutic strategies aimed at utilizing these mutant genes. In addition, we discuss a number of preclinical studies and ongoing early clinical trials in sarcoma targeting therapies, as well as gene editing technology, which may provide a better choice for sarcoma patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicole A Seebacher
- UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Francis Hornicek
- UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- UCLA Orthopaedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, 615 Charles E Young Dr. South, Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Room 410, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic diversity of cancer and the dynamic interactions between heterogeneous tumor cells, the stroma and immune cells present daunting challenges to the development of effective cancer therapies. Although cancer biology is more understood than ever, this has not translated into therapies that overcome drug resistance, cancer recurrence and metastasis. The future development of effective therapies will require more understanding of the dynamics of homeostatic dysregulation that drives cancer growth and progression. RESULTS Cancer dynamics are explored using a model involving genes mediating the regulatory interactions between the signaling and metabolic pathways. The exploration is informed by a proposed genetic dysregulation measure of cellular processes. The analysis of the interaction dynamics between cancer cells, cancer associated fibroblasts, and tumor associate macrophages suggests that the mutual dependence of these cells promotes cancer growth and proliferation. In particular, MTOR and AMPK are hypothesized to be concurrently activated in cancer cells by amino acids recycled from the stroma. This leads to a proliferative growth supported by an upregulated glycolysis and a tricarboxylic acid cycle driven by glutamine sourced from the stroma. In other words, while genetic aberrations ignite carcinogenesis and lead to the dysregulation of key cellular processes, it is postulated that the dysregulation of metabolism locks cancer cells in a state of mutual dependence with the tumor microenvironment and deepens the tumor's inflammation and immunosuppressive state which perpetuates as a result the growth and proliferation dynamics of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Cancer therapies should aim for a progressive disruption of the dynamics of interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment by targeting metabolic dysregulation and inflammation to partially restore tissue homeostasis and turn on the immune cancer kill switch. One potentially effective cancer therapeutic strategy is to induce the reduction of lactate and steer the tumor microenvironment to a state of reduced inflammation so as to enable an effective intervention of the immune system. The translation of this therapeutic approach into treatment regimens would however require more understanding of the adaptive complexity of cancer resulting from the interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Derbal
- Ted Rogers School of Information Technology Management, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada.
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71
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E2F6 protein levels modulate drug induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Cell Signal 2017; 40:230-238. [PMID: 28964969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The E2F/Rb pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, and death. In particular, E2F1 promotes apoptosis in all cells including those of the heart. E2F6, which represses E2F activity, was found to induce dilated cardiomyopathy in the absence of apoptosis in murine post-natal heart. Here we evaluate the anti-apoptotic potential of E2F6 in neonatal cardiomyocytes (NCM) from E2F6-Tg hearts which showed significantly less caspase-3 cleavage, a lower Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and improved cell viability in response to CoCl2 exposure. This correlated with a decrease in the pro-apoptotic E2F3 protein levels. In contrast, no difference in apoptotic markers or cell viability was observed in response to Doxorubicin (Dox) treatment between Wt and Tg-NCM. Dox caused a rapid and dramatic loss of the E2F6 protein in Tg-NCM within 6h and was undetectable after 12h. The level of e2f6 transcript was unchanged in Wt NCM, but was dramatically decreased in Tg cells in response to both Dox and CoCl2. This was related to an impact of the drugs on the α-myosin heavy chain promoter used to drive the E2F6 transgene. By comparison in HeLa, Dox induced apoptosis through upregulation of endogenous E2F1 involving post-transcriptional mechanisms, while E2F6 was down regulated with induction of the Checkpoint kinase-1 and proteasome degradation. These data imply that E2F6 serves to modulate E2F activity and protect cells including cardiomyocytes from apoptosis and improve survival. Strategies to modulate E2F6 levels may be therapeutically useful to mitigate cell death associated disorders.
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El Naofal M, Kim A, Yon HY, Baity M, Ming Z, Bui-Griffith J, Tang Z, Robinson M, Grubbs EG, Cote GJ, Hu P. Role of CDKN2C Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in the Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE 2017; 47:523-528. [PMID: 29066476 PMCID: PMC7057027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), an aggressive form of thyroid cancer, occurs sporadically in approximately 75% of MTCs. RET and RAS mutations play a role in about 40% and 15%, respectively, of sporadic MTCs and are predominant drivers in MTC pathways. These mutations are some of the most comprehensively described and screened for in MTC patients; however, in recent studies, other mutations in the CDKN2C gene (p18) have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of MTC. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed that approximately 40% of sporadic MTC samples have loss of CDKN2C at chromosome 1p32 in addition to frequent losses of CDKN2D (p19) at chromosome 19p13. However, no feasible routine method had been established to detect loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of CDKN2C and CD-KN2D The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) to screen MTC patients for CDKN2C and CDKN2D deletions. We subjected 5 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) MTC samples with defined RET/RAS mutations to dual-color FISH assays to detect loss of CDKN2C and/or CDKN2D We prepared spectrum orange probes using the bacterial artificial chromosomes RP11-779F9 for CDKN2C (p18) and RP11-177J4 for CDKN2D (p19) and prepared spectrum green control probes to the 1q25.2 and 19q11 regions (RP11-1146A3 and RP11-942P7, respectively). Nine FFPE normal thyroid tissue samples were used to establish the cutoff values for the FISH signal patterns. Of the five FFPE MTC samples, four and one yielded a positive significant result for CDKNN2C loss and CDKN2D loss, respectively. The results of a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments validation with a CDKN2C/CKS1B probe set for CDKN2C (p18) loss of heterozygosity were 100% concordant with the FISH results obtained in this study. Thus, FISH is a fast and reliable diagnostic or prognostic indicator of gene loss in MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Naofal
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adriel Kim
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Yi Yon
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Baity
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Ming
- Program in Cytogenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacquelin Bui-Griffith
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Clinical Cytogenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Robinson
- Department of Clinical Cytogenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gilbert J Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Hu
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Cattrini C, Zanardi E, Vallome G, Cavo A, Cerbone L, Di Meglio A, Fabbroni C, Latocca MM, Rizzo F, Messina C, Rubagotti A, Barboro P, Boccardo F. Targeting androgen-independent pathways: new chances for patients with prostate cancer? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 118:42-53. [PMID: 28917268 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PC). Most patients eventually progress to a condition known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), characterized by lack of response to ADT. Although new androgen receptor signaling (ARS) inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced to overcome resistance to ADT, many patients progress because of primary or acquired resistance to these agents. This comprehensive review aims at exploring the mechanisms of resistance and progression of PC, with specific focus on alterations which lead to the activation of androgen receptor (AR)-independent pathways of survival. Our work integrates available clinical and preclinical data on agents which target these pathways, assessing their potential clinical implication in specific settings of patients. Given the rising interest of the scientific community in cancer immunotherapy strategies, further attention is dedicated to the role of immune evasion in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cattrini
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - E Zanardi
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Vallome
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Cavo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Cerbone
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Di Meglio
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Fabbroni
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - M M Latocca
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Rizzo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Messina
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Rubagotti
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Barboro
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Boccardo
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, San Martino University Hospital - IST National Cancer Research Institute, L.go R. Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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75
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Logic programming reveals alteration of key transcription factors in multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9257. [PMID: 28835615 PMCID: PMC5569101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative approaches combining regulatory networks (RN) and genomic data are needed to extract biological information for a better understanding of diseases, such as cancer, by improving the identification of entities and thereby leading to potential new therapeutic avenues. In this study, we confronted an automatically generated RN with gene expression profiles (GEP) from a cohort of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and normal individuals using global reasoning on the RN causality to identify key-nodes. We modeled each patient by his or her GEP, the RN and the possible automatically detected repairs needed to establish a coherent flow of the information that explains the logic of the GEP. These repairs could represent cancer mutations leading to GEP variability. With this reasoning, unmeasured protein states can be inferred, and we can simulate the impact of a protein perturbation on the RN behavior to identify therapeutic targets. We showed that JUN/FOS and FOXM1 activities are altered in almost all MM patients and identified two survival markers for MM patients. Our results suggest that JUN/FOS-activation has a strong impact on the RN in view of the whole GEP, whereas FOXM1-activation could be an interesting way to perturb an MM subgroup identified by our method.
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76
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Hormaechea-Agulla D, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Gómez-Gómez E, L-López F, Carrasco-Valiente J, Valero-Rosa J, Moreno MM, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Ortega-Salas R, Gracia-Navarro F, Culler MD, Ibáñez-Costa A, Gahete MD, Requena MJ, Castaño JP, Luque RM. The oncogenic role of the spliced somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 variant in prostate cancer. FASEB J 2017; 31:4682-4696. [PMID: 28705809 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601264rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
sst5TMD4, a splice variant of the sst5 gene, is overexpressed and associated with aggressiveness in various endocrine-related tumors, but its presence, functional role, and mechanisms of actions in prostate cancer (PCa)-the most common cancer type in males-is completely unexplored. In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate pieces from patients with localized PCa, which included tumoral and nontumoral adjacent regions (n = 45), fresh biopsies from patients with high-risk PCa (n = 52), and healthy fresh prostates from cystoprostatectomies (n = 14) were examined. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to determine the presence and functional role of sst5TMD4. Results demonstrated that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed (mRNA/protein) in PCa samples, and this is especially drastic in metastatic and/or high Gleason score tumor samples. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 expression was associated with an altered frequency of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs197055 and rs12599155. In addition, PCa cell lines and xenograft models were used to demonstrate that sst5TMD4 overexpression increases cell proliferation and migration in PCa cells and induces larger tumors in nude mice, whereas its silencing decreased proliferation and migration. Remarkably, sst5TMD4 overexpression activated multiple intracellular pathways (ERK/JNK, MYC/MAX, WNT, retinoblastoma), altered oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene expression, and disrupted the normal response to somatostatin analogs in PCa cells. Altogether, we demonstrate that sst5TMD4 is overexpressed in PCa, especially in those patients with a worse prognosis, and plays an important pathophysiologic role in PCa, which suggesting its potential as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target.-Hormaechea-Agulla, D., Jiménez-Vacas, J. M., Gómez-Gómez, E., L.-López, F., Carrasco-Valiente, J., Valero-Rosa, J., Moreno, M. M., Sánchez-Sánchez, R., Ortega-Salas, R., Gracia-Navarro, F., Culler, M. D., Ibáñez-Costa, A., Gahete, M. D., Requena, M. J., Castaño, J. P., Luque, R. M. The oncogenic role of the spliced somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 variant in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hormaechea-Agulla
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Fernando L-López
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julia Carrasco-Valiente
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - José Valero-Rosa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María M Moreno
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rosa Ortega-Salas
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Anatomical Pathology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gracia-Navarro
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María J Requena
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Urology Service, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS)/Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia (HURS), Cordoba, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain.,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Cordoba, Spain
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Kulkarni MR, Mane MS, Ghosh U, Sharma R, Lad NP, Srivastava A, Kulkarni-Almeida A, Kharkar PS, Khedkar VM, Pandit SS. Discovery of tetrahydrocarbazoles as dual pERK and pRb inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:366-378. [PMID: 28431342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is one of the most important molecular targets for cancer that controls diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility. Similarly, the Rb (retinoblastoma protein) is a tumor suppressor protein and its function is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is phosphorylated, becomes inactive and allows cell cycle progression. Herein, we discovered a new series of tetrahydrocarbazoles as dual inhibitors of pERK and pRb phosphorylation. The in-house small molecule library was screened for inhibition of pERK and pRb phosphorylation, which led to the discovery of tetrahydrocarbazole series of compounds as potential leads. N-(3-methylcyclopentyl)-6-nitro-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-2-amine (1) is the dual inhibitor lead identified through screening, displaying inhibition of pERK and pRb phosphorylation with IC50 values of 5.5 and 4.8 μM, respectively. A short structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been performed, which identified another dual inhibitor 9-methyl-N-(4-methylbenzyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-2-amine (16) with IC50 values 4.4 and 3.5 μM for inhibition of pERK and pRb phosphorylation, respectively. This compound has a potential for further lead optimization to discover promising molecularly-targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh R Kulkarni
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar 413713, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Madhav S Mane
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Usha Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Nitin P Lad
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar 413713, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400063, India
| | - Asha Kulkarni-Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400063, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Shivaji S Pandit
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar 413713, India.
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Whittaker S, Madani D, Joshi S, Chung SA, Johns T, Day B, Khasraw M, McDonald KL. Combination of palbociclib and radiotherapy for glioblastoma. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17033. [PMID: 28690875 PMCID: PMC5494656 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, palbociclib has shown compelling efficacy in breast cancer patients. Several pre-clinical studies of glioblastoma (GBM) have also shown palbociclib to be efficacious. In this study, we investigated palbociclib in combination with radiation therapy (RT) for treating GBM. We tested palbociclib (with and without RT) on four patient-derived cell lines (PDCLs; RB1 retained; CDKN2A loss). We investigated the impact of therapy on the cell cycle and apoptosis using flow cytometry, in vitro. Balb/c nude mice were intracranially injected with the PDCL, GBM-L1 and treated orally with palbociclib (with and without RT). Overall survival was measured. Palbociclib treatment resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G1 cell cycle phase. Apoptotic cell death, measured by Annexin V was induced. Palbociclib combined with RT acted synergistically with the significant impediment of colony formation. The oral treatment of mice with palbociclib did not show any significant survival advantage when compared to control mice, however when combined with RT, a survival advantage of 8 days was observed. Our results support the use of palbociclib as an adjuvant treatment to RT and warrant translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Whittaker
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers and Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Madani
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers and Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Swapna Joshi
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers and Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sylvia A Chung
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers and Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Terrance Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan Day
- Translational Brain Cancer Research Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer MRI, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Chris O'Brien LifeHouse, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Foundation Biomarkers and Translational Research Group, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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79
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Axelrod J, Delaney J. Pathways to Genome-targeted Therapies in Serous Ovarian Cancer. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2017; 3:e408. [PMID: 28815209 PMCID: PMC5555645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome sequencing technologies and corresponding oncology publications have generated enormous publicly available datasets for many cancer types. While this has enabled new treatments, and in some limited cases lifetime management of the disease, the treatment options for serous ovarian cancer remain dismal. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of ovarian cancer, with a focus on heterogeneity, functional genomics, and actionable data.
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80
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Shu Y, Wu X, Tong X, Wang X, Chang Z, Mao Y, Chen X, Sun J, Wang Z, Hong Z, Zhu L, Zhu C, Chen J, Liang Y, Shao H, Shao YW. Circulating Tumor DNA Mutation Profiling by Targeted Next Generation Sequencing Provides Guidance for Personalized Treatments in Multiple Cancer Types. Sci Rep 2017; 7:583. [PMID: 28373672 PMCID: PMC5428730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of complex genetic alterations, and comprehensive genetic diagnosis is beneficial to match each patient to appropriate therapy. However, acquisition of representative tumor samples is invasive and sometimes impossible. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising tool to use as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer mutation profiling. Here we implemented targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) with a customized gene panel of 382 cancer-relevant genes on 605 ctDNA samples in multiple cancer types. Overall, tumor-specific mutations were identified in 87% of ctDNA samples, with mutation spectra highly concordant with their matched tumor tissues. 71% of patients had at least one clinically-actionable mutation, 76% of which have suggested drugs approved or in clinical trials. In particular, our study reveals a unique mutation spectrum in Chinese lung cancer patients which could be used to guide treatment decisions and monitor drug-resistant mutations. Taken together, our study demonstrated the feasibility of clinically-useful targeted NGS-based ctDNA mutation profiling to guide treatment decisions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Shu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Xiaonan Wang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhili Chang
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunrong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang W Shao
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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81
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Lee PJ, Yoo NS, Hagemann IS, Pfeifer JD, Cottrell CE, Abel HJ, Duncavage EJ. Spectrum of mutations in leiomyosarcomas identified by clinical targeted next-generation sequencing. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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82
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Sammons SL, Topping DL, Blackwell KL. HR+, HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer and CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Mode of Action, Clinical Activity, and Safety Profiles. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2017; 17:637-649. [PMID: 28359238 PMCID: PMC5652078 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170330120452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor-based therapies have shown great promise in improving clinical outcomes for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer. OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss the mode of action of the three CDK4/6 inhibitors in late clinical development: palbociclib (PD-0332991; Pfizer), ribociclib (LEE011; Novartis), and abemaciclib (LY2835219; Lilly). 2. Describe the efficacy and safety data relating to their use in HR+, HER2- advanced breast cancer. 3. Discuss the key side effects associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors along with considerations for adverse event management and patient monitoring. METHOD Relevant information and data were assimilated from manuscripts, congress publications, and online sources. RESULTS CDK4/6 inhibitors have demonstrated improved progression-free survival in combination with endocrine therapy compared with endocrine therapy alone. The side-effect profile of each agent is described, along with implications for patient monitoring, and considerations for patient care providers and pharmacists. CONCLUSION Addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to endocrine therapy increases efficacy and delays disease progression. Insight into the unique side-effect profiles of this class of agents and effective patient monitoring will facilitate the successful use of CDK4/6 inhibitor-based therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Sammons
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donna L. Topping
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly L. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Mochizuki H, Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Sato M, Goto-Koshino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Genetic and epigenetic aberrations of p16 in feline primary neoplastic diseases and tumor cell lines of lymphoid and non-lymphoid origins. Vet J 2016; 219:27-33. [PMID: 28093106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The p16 gene acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the cell cycle and is frequently inactivated in human and canine cancers. The aim of this study was to characterize genetic and epigenetic alterations of the p16 in feline lymphoid and non-lymphoid malignancies, using 74 primary tumors and 11 tumor cell lines. Cloning of feline p16 and subsequent sequence analysis revealed 11 germline sequence polymorphisms in control cats. Bisulfite sequencing analysis of the p16 promoter region in a feline lymphoma cell line revealed that promoter methylation was associated with decreased mRNA expression. Treatment with a demethylating agent restored mRNA expression of the silenced p16. PCR amplification and sequencing analysis detected homozygous loss (five tumors, 6.7%) and a missense mutation (one tumor, 1.4%) in the 74 primary tumors analyzed. Methylation-specific PCR analysis revealed promoter methylation in 10 primary tumors (14%). Promoter methylation was frequent in B cell lymphoid tumors (7/21 tumors, 33%). These genetic and epigenetic alterations were also observed in lymphoma and mammary gland carcinoma cell lines, but not detected in non-neoplastic control specimens. These data indicate that molecular alterations of the p16 locus may be involved in the development of specific types of feline cancer, and warrant further studies to evaluate the clinical value of this evolutionarily-conserved molecular alteration in feline cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mochizuki
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - A Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Y Goto-Koshino
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - K Ohno
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - H Tsujimoto
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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84
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Grubbs EG, Williams MD, Scheet P, Vattathil S, Perrier ND, Lee JE, Gagel RF, Hai T, Feng L, Cabanillas ME, Cote GJ. Role of CDKN2C Copy Number in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2016; 26:1553-1562. [PMID: 27610696 PMCID: PMC6453497 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitors (CDKN)/retinoblastoma (RB1) pathway has been implicated as having a role in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) tumorigenesis. CDKN2C loss has been associated with RET-mediated MTC in humans but with minimal phenotypic correlation provided. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between tumor RET mutation status, CDKN2C loss, and aggressiveness of MTC in a cohort of patients with sporadic disease. METHODS Tumors from patients with sporadic MTC treated at a single institution were evaluated for somatic RETM918T mutation and CDKN2C copy number loss. These variables were compared to patient demographics, pathology detail, clinical course, and disease-specific and overall survival. RESULTS Sixty-two MTC cases with an initial surgery date ranging from 1983 to 2009 met the inclusion criteria, of whom 36 (58%) were male. The median age at initial surgery was 53 years (range 22-81 years). The median tumor size was 30 mm (range 6-145 mm) with 29 (57%) possessing extrathyroidal extension. Nodal and/or distant metastasis at presentation was found in 47/60 (78%) and 12/61 (20%) patients, respectively. Median follow-up time was 10.5 years (range 1.1-27.8 years) for the censored observations. The presence of CDKN2C loss was associated with worse M stage and overall AJCC stage. Median overall survival of patients with versus without CDKN2C loss was 4.14 [confidence interval (CI) 1.93-NA] versus 18.27 [CI 17.24-NA] years (p < 0.0001). Median overall survival of patients with a combined somatic RETM918T mutation and CDKN2C loss versus no somatic RETM918T mutation and CDKN2C loss versus somatic RETM918T mutation and CDKN2C 2N versus no somatic RETM918T mutation and CDKN2C 2N was 2.38 [CI 1.67-NA] years versus 10.81 [CI 2.46-NA] versus 17.24 [CI 9.82-NA] versus not reached [CI 13.46-NA] years (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The detection of somatic CDKN2C loss is associated with the presence of distant metastasis at presentation as well decreased overall survival, a relationship enhanced by concomitant RETM918T mutation. Further defining the genes involved in the progression of metastatic MTC will be an important step toward identifying pathways of disease progression and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle D. Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Scheet
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Selina Vattathil
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy D. Perrier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey E. Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert F. Gagel
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Hai
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria E. Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gilbert J. Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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85
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Tao Z, Le Blanc JM, Wang C, Zhan T, Zhuang H, Wang P, Yuan Z, Lu B. Coadministration of Trametinib and Palbociclib Radiosensitizes KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:122-33. [PMID: 26728409 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential roles that p16 (CDKN2A) and RB activation have in sensitization to MEK inhibitor in resistant KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cell viability was measured with MTS assays. Effects of administration of radiation and combination drug treatments were evaluated by clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, and Western blots. DNA repair was assessed using immunofluorescent analysis. Finally, lung cancer xenografts were used to examine in vivo effects of drug treatment and radiation therapy. RESULTS In this study, we showed that sensitivity to MEK inhibitor correlated to the RB/p16/CDK4 pathway and knockdown of RB induced resistance in cell lines sensitive to MEK inhibitor. Also, overexpression of p16 and inhibition of CDK4 had the ability to sensitize normally resistant cell lines. Our data indicated that the MEK inhibitor (trametinib, GSK112012) cooperated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib, PD0332991) to strongly reduce cell viability of KRAS-mutant NSCLCs that were resistant to the MEK inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we report for the first time that resistance of KRAS-mutant NSCLCs to MEK inhibitor is, at least partly, due to p16 mutation status, and we described a drug combination that efficiently reactivates the RB tumor suppressor pathway to trigger radiosensitizing effects, apoptosis, and cell-cycle arrest. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MEK inhibitor in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitor has significant anti-KRAS-mutant NSCLC activity and radiosensitizing effect in preclinical models, potentially providing a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced KRAS-mutant NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Justin M Le Blanc
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongqing Zhuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bodine Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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86
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Luo LJ, Wang DD, Wang J, Yang F, Tang JH. Diverse roles of miR-335 in development and progression of cancers. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5385-3. [PMID: 27718128 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a series of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional/translational level, are pivotal in cell differentiation, biological development, occurrence, and development of diseases, especially in cancers. Early studies have shown that miRNA-335 (miR-335) is widely dysregulated in human cancers and play critical roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we aim to summarize the regulation of miR-335 expression mechanisms in cancers. We focus on the target genes regulated by miR-335 and its downstream signaling pathways involved in the biological effects of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo, and analyze the relationships between miR-335 expression and the clinical characteristics of tumors as well as its effects on prognosis. The collected evidences support the potential use of miR-335 in prognosis and diagnosis as well as the therapeutic prospects of miR-335 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ji Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Efficacy of CDK4 inhibition against sarcomas depends on their levels of CDK4 and p16ink4 mRNA. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40557-74. [PMID: 26528855 PMCID: PMC4747352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are malignant tumors accounting for a high percentage of cancer morbidity and mortality in children and young adults. Surgery and radiation therapy are the accepted treatments for most sarcomas; however, patients with metastatic disease are treated with systemic chemotherapy. Many tumors display marginal levels of chemoresponsiveness and new treatment approaches are needed. Deregulation of the G1 checkpoint is crucial for various oncogenic transformation processes, suggesting that many cancer cell types depend on CDK4/6 activity. Thus, CDK4/6 activity appears to represent a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In the present work, we explore the efficacy of CDK4 inhibition using palbociclib (PD0332991), a highly selective inhibitor of CDK4/6, in a panel of sarcoma cell lines and sarcoma tumor xenografts (PDXs). Palbociclib induces senescence in these cell lines and the responsiveness of these cell lines correlated with their levels of CDK4 mRNA. Palbociclib is also active in vivo against sarcomas displaying high levels of CDK4 but not against sarcomas displaying low levels of CDK4 and high levels of p16ink4a. The analysis of tumors growing after palbociclib showed a clear decrease in the CDK4 levels, indicating that clonal selection occurred in these treated tumors. In summary, our data support the efficacy of CDK4 inhibitors against sarcomas displaying increased CDK4 levels, particularly fibrosarcomas and MPNST. Our results also suggest that high levels of p16ink4a may indicate poor efficacy of CDK4 inhibitors.
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88
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Hutcheson J, Witkiewicz AK, Knudsen ES. The RB tumor suppressor at the intersection of proliferation and immunity: relevance to disease immune evasion and immunotherapy. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3812-9. [PMID: 25714546 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1010922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) was the first identified tumor suppressor based on germline predisposition to the pediatric eye tumor. Since these early studies, it has become apparent that the functional inactivation of RB is a common event in nearly all human malignancy. A great deal of research has gone into understanding how the loss of RB promotes tumor etiology and progression. Since malignant tumors are characterized by aberrant cell division, much of this research has focused upon the ability of RB to regulate the cell cycle by repression of proliferation-related genes. However, it is progressively understood that RB is an important mediator of multiple functions. One area that is gaining progressive interest is the emerging role for RB in regulating diverse features of immune function. These findings suggest that RB is more than simply a regulator of cellular proliferation; it is at the crossroads of proliferation and the immune response. Here we review the data related to the functional roles of RB on the immune system, relevance to immune evasion, and potential significance to the response to immune-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Hutcheson
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA.,b Simmons Cancer Center ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
| | - Erik S Knudsen
- a Department of Pathology ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA.,b Simmons Cancer Center ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ; Dallas , TX USA
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89
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Domoto T, Pyko IV, Furuta T, Miyashita K, Uehara M, Shimasaki T, Nakada M, Minamoto T. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is a pivotal mediator of cancer invasion and resistance to therapy. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1363-1372. [PMID: 27486911 PMCID: PMC5084660 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion and resistance to therapy are the most intractable biological characteristics of cancer and, therefore, the most challenging for current cancer research and treatment paradigms. Refractory cancers, including pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma, show an inextricable association between the highly invasive behavior of tumor cells and their resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies. These aggressive properties of cancer share distinct cellular pathways that are connected to each other by several molecular hubs. There is increasing evidence to show that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β is aberrantly activated in various cancer types and this has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In many but not all cancer types, aberrant GSK3β sustains the survival, immortalization, proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, while also rendering them insensitive or resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. Here we review studies that describe associations between therapeutic stimuli/resistance and the induction of pro‐invasive phenotypes in various cancer types. Such cancers are largely responsive to treatment that targets GSK3β. This review focuses on the role of GSK3β as a molecular hub that connects pathways responsible for tumor invasion and resistance to therapy, thus highlighting its potential as a major cancer therapeutic target. We also discuss the putative involvement of GSK3β in determining tumor cell stemness that underpins both tumor invasion and therapy resistance, leading to intractable and refractory cancer with dismal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Domoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ilya V Pyko
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Furuta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Miyashita
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uehara
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimasaki
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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90
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Gubern A, Joaquin M, Marquès M, Maseres P, Garcia-Garcia J, Amat R, González-Nuñez D, Oliva B, Real FX, de Nadal E, Posas F. The N-Terminal Phosphorylation of RB by p38 Bypasses Its Inactivation by CDKs and Prevents Proliferation in Cancer Cells. Mol Cell 2016; 64:25-36. [PMID: 27642049 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Control of the G1/S phase transition by the Retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is critical for the proliferation of normal cells in tissues, and its inactivation is one of the most fundamental events leading to cancer. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation inactivates RB to promote cell cycle-regulated gene expression. Here we show that, upon stress, the p38 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) maximizes cell survival by downregulating E2F gene expression through the targeting of RB. RB undergoes selective phosphorylation by p38 in its N terminus; these phosphorylations render RB insensitive to the inactivation by CDKs. p38 phosphorylation of RB increases its affinity toward the E2F transcription factor, represses gene expression, and delays cell-cycle progression. Remarkably, introduction of a RB phosphomimetic mutant in cancer cells reduces colony formation and decreases their proliferative and tumorigenic potential in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gubern
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Joaquin
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Marquès
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Maseres
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Garcia
- Structural Bioinformatics Group (GRIB), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Amat
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Nuñez
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Baldo Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Group (GRIB), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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91
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Beck TN, Georgopoulos R, Shagisultanova EI, Sarcu D, Handorf EA, Dubyk C, Lango MN, Ridge JA, Astsaturov I, Serebriiskii IG, Burtness BA, Mehra R, Golemis EA. EGFR and RB1 as Dual Biomarkers in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2486-2497. [PMID: 27507850 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical decision making for human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is predominantly guided by disease stage and anatomic location, with few validated biomarkers. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important therapeutic target, but its value in guiding therapeutic decision making remains ambiguous. We integrated analysis of clinically annotated tissue microarrays with analysis of data available through the TCGA, to investigate the idea that expression signatures involving EGFR, proteins regulating EGFR function, and core cell-cycle modulators might serve as prognostic or drug response-predictive biomarkers. This work suggests that consideration of the expression of NSDHL and proteins that regulate EGFR recycling in combination with EGFR provides a useful prognostic biomarker set. In addition, inactivation of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), reflected by CCND1/CDK6-inactivating phosphorylation of RB1 at T356, inversely correlated with expression of EGFR in patient HNSCC samples. Moreover, stratification of cases with high EGFR by expression levels of CCND1, CDK6, or the CCND1/CDK6-regulatory protein p16 (CDKN2A) identified groups with significant survival differences. To further explore the relationship between EGFR and RB1-associated cell-cycle activity, we evaluated simultaneous inhibition of RB1 phosphorylation with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and of EGFR activity with lapatinib or afatinib. These drug combinations had synergistic inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HNSCC cells and strikingly limited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in contrast to either agent used alone. In summary, combinations of CDK and EGFR inhibitors may be particularly useful in EGFR and pT356RB1-expressing or CCND1/CDK6-overexpressing HPV-negative HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2486-97. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim N Beck
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Molecular and Cell Biology & Genetics Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Georgopoulos
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elena I Shagisultanova
- Breast Cancer Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David Sarcu
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Cara Dubyk
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Miriam N Lango
- Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Ridge
- Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ilya G Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Ranee Mehra
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Molecular and Cell Biology & Genetics Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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92
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Tsai JH, Hsu LS, Huang HC, Lin CL, Pan MH, Hong HM, Chen WJ. 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-propanedione Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Autophagy in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081274. [PMID: 27527160 PMCID: PMC5000672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural agent, 1-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1,3-propanedione (HMDB), has been reported to have growth inhibitory effects on several human cancer cells. However, the role of HMDB in cervical cancer remains unclear. Herein, we found that HMDB dose- and time-dependently inhibited growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells, accompanied with G1 cell cycle arrest. HMDB decreased protein expression of cyclins D1/D3/E and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 2/4/6 and reciprocally increased mRNA and protein levels of CDK inhibitors (p15, p16, p21, and p27), thereby leading to the accumulation of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. HMDB also triggered the accumulation of acidic vesicles and formation of microtubule-associated protein-light chain 3 (LC3), followed by increased expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 and decreased expression of p62, suggesting that HMDB triggered autophagy in HeLa cells. Meanwhile, suppression of the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 implied that HMDB-induced autophagy is tightly linked to apoptosis. Exploring the action mechanism, HMDB induced autophagy via the modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mTOR signaling pathway rather than the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. These results suggest that HMDB inhibits HeLa cell growth by eliciting a G1 arrest through modulation of G1 cell cycle regulators and by concomitantly inducing autophagy through the mediation of AMPK-mTOR and Akt-mTOR pathways, and may be a promising antitumor agent against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Heng Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Hsinchu University of Education, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Li Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Mei Hong
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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93
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Curigliano G, Gómez Pardo P, Meric-Bernstam F, Conte P, Lolkema MP, Beck JT, Bardia A, Martínez García M, Penault-Llorca F, Dhuria S, Tang Z, Solovieff N, Miller M, Di Tomaso E, Hurvitz SA. Ribociclib plus letrozole in early breast cancer: A presurgical, window-of-opportunity study. Breast 2016; 28:191-8. [PMID: 27336726 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-inhibitor of CDK4/6-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway hyperactivation is associated with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). This study assessed the biological activity of ribociclib (LEE011; CDK4/6 inhibitor) plus letrozole compared with single-agent letrozole in the presurgical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Postmenopausal women (N = 14) with resectable, HR+, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) early BC were randomized 1:1:1 to receive 2.5 mg/day letrozole alone (Arm 1), or with 400 or 600 mg/day ribociclib (Arm 2 or 3). Circulating tumor DNA and tumor biopsies were collected at baseline and, following 14 days of treatment, prior to or during surgery. The primary objective was to assess antiproliferative response per Ki67 levels in Arms 2 and 3 compared with Arm 1. Additional assessments included safety, pharmacokinetics, and genetic profiling. RESULTS Mean decreases in the Ki67-positive cell fraction from baseline were: Arm 1 69% (range 38-100%; n = 2), Arm 2 96% (range 78-100%; n = 6), Arm 3 92% (range 75-100%; n = 3). Decreased phosphorylated Rb levels and CDK4, CDK6, CCND2, CCND3, and CCNE1 gene expression were observed following ribociclib treatment. Ribociclib and letrozole pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with single-agent data. The ribociclib plus letrozole combination was well tolerated, with no Grade 3/4 adverse events over the treatment. CONCLUSION The results suggest absence of a drug-drug interaction between ribociclib and letrozole and indicate ribociclib plus letrozole may reduce Ki67 expression in HR+, HER2- BC (NCT01919229).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Curigliano
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - P Gómez Pardo
- Servicio Oncologia Médica, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Meric-Bernstam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - P Conte
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy; University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 22, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - M P Lolkema
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J T Beck
- Highlands Oncology Group, 3232 N North Hills Blvd, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - A Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M Martínez García
- Oncología Médica, Hospital del Mar, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Penault-Llorca
- Centre Jean Perrin, Unicancer and EA 4677 Université d'Auvergne, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Dhuria
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ, 07936-1080, USA
| | - Z Tang
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ, 07936-1080, USA
| | - N Solovieff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 230 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - M Miller
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, One Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ, 07936-1080, USA
| | - E Di Tomaso
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 230 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - S A Hurvitz
- University of California, Los Angeles, 2825 Santa Monica Blvd, Suite 211, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
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94
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Oing C, Kollmannsberger C, Oechsle K, Bokemeyer C. Investigational targeted therapies for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1033-43. [PMID: 27286362 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1195808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignancy among men aged between 15 to 45. Despite high cure rates of >90% over all GCTs, 3 to 5% of patients will still die of platinum-refractory disease. New systemic treatment options are needed to improve treatment success in this challenging setting. AREAS COVERED To review targeted treatment options and preclinical developments in platinum-refractory GCTs, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Medline and scientific meeting abstracts on published clinical trials and reports on molecularly targeted approaches was conducted. Outcomes of platinum-refractory disease and of patients failing high-dose chemotherapy remain poor. Currently, no molecularly targeted treatment has shown clinically meaningful activity in unselected patient populations in clinical trials, but individual patients may achieve short-lived objective responses by treatment with sunitinib, brentuximab vedotin or imatinib. Targeted trials based on molecular selection of patients have not yet been performed. EXPERT OPINION The limited activity of targeted agents in refractory GCT is disappointing. Assessment of druggable biomarkers and marker-stratified treatment may help individual patients, but is largely lacking. The low incidence and high curability of GCTs make the design of larger clinical trials difficult. The potential of novel agents, i.e. immune-checkpoint inhibitors, remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Oing
- a Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Christian Kollmannsberger
- b Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency Vancouver Cancer Center , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Karin Oechsle
- a Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- a Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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95
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Beck TN, Kaczmar J, Handorf E, Nikonova A, Dubyk C, Peri S, Lango M, Ridge JA, Serebriiskii IG, Burtness B, Golemis EA, Mehra R. Phospho-T356RB1 predicts survival in HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18863-74. [PMID: 26265441 PMCID: PMC4662460 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) that is not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) has a poor prognosis in contrast to HPV-positive disease. To better understand the importance of RB1 activity in HPV-negative SCCHN, we investigated the prognostic value of inhibitory CDK4/6 phosphorylation of RB1 on threonine 356 (T356) in archival HPV-negative tumor specimens from patients who underwent surgical resection and adjuvant radiation. We benchmarked pT356RB1 to total RB1, Ki67, pT202/Y204ERK1/2, and TP53, as quantified by automatic quantitative analysis (AQUA), and correlated protein expression with tumor stage and grade. High expression of pT356RB1 but not total RB1 predicted reduced overall survival (OS; P = 0.0295), indicating the potential relevance of post-translational phosphorylation. Paired analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for regulators of this RB1 phosphorylation identified loss or truncating mutation of negative regulator CDKN2A (p16) and elevated expression of the CDK4/6 activator CCND1 (cyclin D) as also predicting poor survival. Given that CDK4/6 inhibitors have been most effective in the context of functional RB1 and low expression or deletion of p16 in other tumor types, these data suggest such agents may merit evaluation in HPV-negative SCCHN, specifically in cases associated with high pT356RB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim N Beck
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Kaczmar
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Handorf
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Nikonova
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cara Dubyk
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suraj Peri
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miriam Lango
- Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Ridge
- Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilya G Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Molecular and Cell Biology and Genetics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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96
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Indovina P, Pentimalli F, Casini N, Vocca I, Giordano A. RB1 dual role in proliferation and apoptosis: cell fate control and implications for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17873-90. [PMID: 26160835 PMCID: PMC4627222 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB1) tumor suppressor is one of the most frequent and early recognized molecular hallmarks of cancer. RB1, although mainly studied for its role in the regulation of cell cycle, emerged as a key regulator of many biological processes. Among these, RB1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, the alteration of which underlies both cancer development and resistance to therapy. RB1 role in apoptosis, however, is still controversial because, depending on the context, the apoptotic cues, and its own status, RB1 can act either by inhibiting or promoting apoptosis. Moreover, the mechanisms whereby RB1 controls both proliferation and apoptosis in a coordinated manner are only now beginning to be unraveled. Here, by reviewing the main studies assessing the effect of RB1 status and modulation on these processes, we provide an overview of the possible underlying molecular mechanisms whereby RB1, and its family members, dictate cell fate in various contexts. We also describe the current antitumoral strategies aimed at the use of RB1 as predictive, prognostic and therapeutic target in cancer. A thorough understanding of RB1 function in controlling cell fate determination is crucial for a successful translation of RB1 status assessment in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fodazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Casini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
| | - Immacolata Vocca
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fodazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena and Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Siena, Italy
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97
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Selective impact of CDK4/6 suppression on patient-derived models of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15788-801. [PMID: 26158861 PMCID: PMC4599237 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) harbors an exceedingly poor prognosis, and is generally considered a therapy-recalcitrant disease due to poor response to conventional chemotherapy coupled with non-actionable genetic drivers (e.g. KRAS mutations). However, PDA frequently loses p16ink4a, thereby leading to deregulation of CDK4/6. Surprisingly, in established cell models and xenografts, CDK4/6 inhibition has a modest effect on proliferation and resistance develops rapidly. To determine if such weak response was an intrinsic feature of PDA, we developed primary tumor explants that maintain the tumor environment and recapitulate feuture of primary PDA. The CDK4/6 inhibitor PD-0332991 was highly efficient at suppressing proliferation in 14 of the 15 explants. In the single resistant explant, we identified the rare loss of the RB tumor suppressor as the basis for resistance. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were developed in parallel, and unlike the xenografts emerging from established cell lines, the PDXs maintained the histoarchitecture of the primary tumor. These PDXs were highly sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibition, yielding a complete suppression of PDA proliferation. Together, these data indicate that primary PDA is sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibition, that specific biomarkers can delineate intrinsic resistance, and that established cell line models may not represent an adequate means for evaluating therapeutic sensitivities.
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98
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Altered expression of p53, but not Rb, is involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis. Res Vet Sci 2016; 105:195-9. [PMID: 27033932 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 tumour suppressor gene have been frequently detected in human and canine cancers, but never investigated in canine prostate cancer, considered a good model for the advanced and aggressive androgen-resistant prostate cancer in men. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Rb and p53 in 6 normal canine prostates, 15 canine prostates with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 10 prostatic carcinomas (PCs). In all normal samples, p53 was expressed in low number of epithelial cells, while a greater number of positive cells were observed in BPH and PC. The mean number of positive cells was statistically significantly higher in PCs than normal and hyperplastic prostates. A cytoplasmic or nucleo-cytoplasmic staining was observed in 5 out of 10 PCs. Rb protein was expressed in high number of normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic cells without a statistically significant differences. Considering that Rb is frequently lost in human prostate cancer, we suggest that Rb is not involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis. On the other hand, the increased expression of p53 that corresponds to genetic defects in the p53 gene may be associated with the malignant growth of canine prostate cancer, conferring an apoptosis-resistant phenotype.
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99
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Zhang D, Chen P, Zheng CH, Xia J. Identification of ovarian cancer subtype-specific network modules and candidate drivers through an integrative genomics approach. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4298-309. [PMID: 26735889 PMCID: PMC4826206 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of cancer subtypes and associated molecular drivers is critically important for understanding tumor heterogeneity and seeking effective clinical treatment. In this study, we introduced a simple but efficient multistep procedure to define ovarian cancer types and identify core networks/pathways and driver genes for each subtype by integrating multiple data sources, including mRNA expression, microRNA expression, copy number variation, and protein-protein interaction data. Applying similarity network fusion approach to a patient cohort with 379 ovarian cancer samples, we found two distinct integrated cancer subtypes with different survival profiles. For each ovarian cancer subtype, we explored the candidate oncogenic processes and driver genes by using a network-based approach. Our analysis revealed that alterations in DLST module involved in metabolism pathway and NDRG1 module were common between the two subtypes. However, alterations in the RB signaling pathway drove distinct molecular and clinical phenotypes in different ovarian cancer subtypes. This study provides a computational framework to harness the full potential of large-scale genomic data for discovering ovarian cancer subtype-specific network modules and candidate drivers. The framework may also be used to identify new therapeutic targets in a subset of ovarian cancers, for which limited therapeutic opportunities currently exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Chun-Hou Zheng
- Co-Innovation Center for Information Supply and Assurance Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Junfeng Xia
- Institute of Health Sciences, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Information Supply and Assurance Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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Knudsen ES, McClendon AK, Franco J, Ertel A, Fortina P, Witkiewicz AK. RB loss contributes to aggressive tumor phenotypes in MYC-driven triple negative breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:109-22. [PMID: 25602521 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.967118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by multiple genetic events occurring in concert to drive pathogenic features of the disease. Here we interrogated the coordinate impact of p53, RB, and MYC in a genetic model of TNBC, in parallel with the analysis of clinical specimens. Primary mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMEC) with defined genetic features were used to delineate the combined action of RB and/or p53 in the genesis of TNBC. In this context, the deletion of either RB or p53 alone and in combination increased the proliferation of mMEC; however, the cells did not have the capacity to invade in matrigel. Gene expression profiling revealed that loss of each tumor suppressor has effects related to proliferation, but RB loss in particular leads to alterations in gene expression associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The overexpression of MYC in combination with p53 loss or combined RB/p53 loss drove rapid cell growth. While the effects of MYC overexpression had a dominant impact on gene expression, loss of RB further enhanced the deregulation of a gene expression signature associated with invasion. Specific RB loss lead to enhanced invasion in boyden chambers assays and gave rise to tumors with minimal epithelial characteristics relative to RB-proficient models. Therapeutic screening revealed that RB-deficient cells were particularly resistant to agents targeting PI3K and MEK pathway. Consistent with the aggressive behavior of the preclinical models of MYC overexpression and RB loss, human TNBC tumors that express high levels of MYC and are devoid of RB have a particularly poor outcome. Together these results underscore the potency of tumor suppressor pathways in specifying the biology of breast cancer. Further, they demonstrate that MYC overexpression in concert with RB can promote a particularly aggressive form of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Knudsen
- a Simmons Cancer Center; UT Southwestern ; Dallas , TX USA
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