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Nabata KJ, Lim R, Leong R, Wiseman SM. To infinity and beyond: A historical bibliometric analysis of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Surg 2024:S0002-9610(24)00199-5. [PMID: 38644136 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a bibliometric study to identify the most-cited publications in MTC research and demonstrate how they highlight the most important historical developments in this area. METHODS Bibliometric data from papers published on the topic of MTC until December 31, 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science database. Analysis was performed utilizing Bibliometrix and VOSViewer software. RESULTS There has been a gradual increase in the number of publications on the topic of MTC over the years. The most cited publications focused on the underlying genetic basis for MTC, the use of targetted therapy, and guidelines. Recent research frontiers have focused on management, guidelines, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Bibliometric study of the topic of MTC has allowed for identification, characterization and appreciation of many of the key historical developments in this field. Bibliometric analysis can also be helpful in identifying research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie J Nabata
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Reina Lim
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Rachel Leong
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Sam M Wiseman
- Department of Surgery, St. Paul's Hospital & University of British Columbia, C303-1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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Qasmi F, Muhammad I, Alves H, Latva-aho M. Effective Energy Efficiency under Delay-Outage Probability Constraints and F-Composite Fading. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2328. [PMID: 38610539 PMCID: PMC11014229 DOI: 10.3390/s24072328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The paradigm of the Next Generation cellular network (6G) and beyond is machine-type communications (MTCs), where numerous Internet of Things (IoT) devices operate autonomously without human intervention over wireless channels. IoT's autonomous and energy-intensive characteristics highlight effective energy efficiency (EEE) as a crucial key performance indicator (KPI) of 6G. However, there is a lack of investigation on the EEE of random arrival traffic, which is the underlying platform for MTCs. In this work, we explore the distinct characteristics of F-composite fading channels, which specify the combined impact of multipath fading and shadowing. Furthermore, we evaluate the EEE over such fading under a finite blocklength regime and QoS constraints where IoT applications generate constant and sporadic traffic. We consider a point-to-point buffer-aided communication system model, where (1) an uplink transmission under a finite blocklength regime is examined; (2) we make realistic assumptions regarding the perfect channel state information (CSI) available at the receiver, and the channel is characterized by the F-composite fading model; and (3) due to its effectiveness and tractability, application data are found to have an average arrival rate calculated using Markovian sources models. To this end, we derive an exact closed-form expression for outage probability and the effective rate, which provides an accurate approximation for our analysis. Moreover, we determine the arrival and required service rates that satisfy the QoS constraints by applying effective bandwidth and capacity theories. The EEE is shown to be quasiconcave, with a trade-off between the transmit power and the rate for maximising the EEE. Measuring the impact of transmission power or rate individually is quite complex, but this complexity is further intensified when both variables are considered simultaneously. Thus, we formulate power allocation (PA) and rate allocation (RA) optimisation problems individually and jointly to maximise the EEE under a QoS constraint and solve such a problem numerically through a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Finally, we examine the EEE performance in the context of line-of-sight and shadowing parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Qasmi
- Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (I.M.); (H.A.); (M.L.-a.)
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Pishdad R, Illei PB, Gocke CD, Ball DW. RET gene fusion and emergent Selpercatinib resistance in a calcitonin-rich neuroendocrine carcinoma: a case report. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1360492. [PMID: 38469239 PMCID: PMC10926684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1360492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lung neuroendocrine carcinomas provide diagnostic challenges in identifying the cell of origin. High level calcitonin expression is not pathognomonic for medullary thyroid cancer. Tumor mutation analysis may provide essential clues regarding tissue origin and treatment targets. Oncogenic RET gene fusions have been identified in non-small cell lung cancer and non-medullary thyroid cancers, whereas RET point mutations are the key genetic finding in both inherited and sporadic MTC. Patients who receive radiation for the treatment of other cancers have an increased risk of developing a second malignancy, including a neuroendocrine carcinoma. Herein, we present a case of calcitonin-rich neuroendocrine carcinoma emerging on a background of prior radiation and chemotherapy for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Identification of a RET gene rearrangement (KIF5B-RET) led to initial successful treatment with selpercatinib, with eventual resistance associated with an activating mutation involving the MEK1 protein (MAP2K1 p. E102-I103 del) that led to relapse and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Pishdad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter B. Illei
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher D. Gocke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Douglas W. Ball
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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4
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Jazdarehee A, Abdel-Rahman O, Jacquier JE. Remission of Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Secondary to Medullary Thyroid Cancer With Vandetanib and Selpercatinib. JCEM Case Rep 2024; 2:luad174. [PMID: 38283729 PMCID: PMC10821762 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor associated with activating mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene. These tumors may rarely secrete adrenocorticotropin or corticotropin-releasing hormone, resulting in a paraneoplastic ectopic Cushing syndrome (ECS). Paraneoplastic ECS carries a high risk of mortality, and management is difficult due to the lack of response to antiadrenal therapies. We report on a 37-year-old man who was diagnosed with metastatic MTC and reported symptoms of cortisol excess with laboratory testing in keeping with ECS. He began treatment with vandetanib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which resulted in decreased tumor burden as well as clinical and biochemical resolution of ECS. Due to progressive structural disease 10 months later, he was switched to the selective RET inhibitor selpercatinib, which was followed by a rapid reduction of cortisol nearing the threshold of adrenal insufficiency. Tumor markers were also improved, and repeat imaging showed decreased tumor burden. Our case highlights the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of paraneoplastic ECS. Selective RET inhibitors may emerge as preferred targeted treatment options due to better efficacy and toxicity profiles compared to multitargeted inhibitors. Clinicians should monitor for adrenal insufficiency with the use of selective RET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Jazdarehee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Omar Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Jacquier
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7, Canada
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Lin X, Huo J, Su H, Zhu C, Xu Y, Zhang F. Risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in the central or lateral cervical region in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:547-561. [PMID: 37801162 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compared with other types of thyroid carcinoma, patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are more likely to develop cervical lymph node metastasis. This study was conducted to clarify the risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis (central lymph node metastasis or lateral cervical lymph node metastasis) in MTC by meta-analysis, and to provide evidence-based basis for the treatment and prognosis of MTC. METHODS The literatures related to cervical lymph node metastasis in medullary thyroid carcinoma were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI and Wanfang databases, and statistical analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS A total of 28 papers were included in this paper, and meta-analysis showed that the occurrence of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in MTC patients was significantly associated with tumor size (OR = 3.07, 95%CI: 2.04-4.63, P < 0.00001), multifocality (OR = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.19-0.44, P < 0.00001), bilaterality (OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.95-7.14, P < 0.0001), capsular invasion (OR = 9.88, 95% CI: 5.93-16.45, P < 0.00001) and extrathyroidal extension (OR = 5.48, 95% CI: 2.61-11.51, P < 0.00001). While the occurrence of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in MTC patients was strongly correlated with gender (OR = 2.97, 95%CI: 2.46-3.58, P < 0.00001), tumor size (OR = 3.88, 95%CI: 1.90-7.92, P = 0.0002 < 0.05), multifocality (OR = 0.43, 95%CI: 0.35-0.51, P < 0.00001), bilaterality (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.72-4.98, P < 0.0001), capsular invasion (OR = 8.44, 95% CI: 6.11-11.64, P < 0.00001), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 7.04, 95% CI: 5.54-8.94, P < 0.00001), margin of the tumor (OR = 4.47, 95% CI: 2.37-8.44, P < 0.00001), shape of the tumor (OR = 6.81, 95% CI: 3.64-12.73, P < 0.00001), preoperative calcitonin level (SMD = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.98-1.80, P < 0.00001), preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.74-1.20, P < 0.00001) and CLNM (OR = 19.70, 95% CI: 14.16-27.43, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, capsular invasion and extrathyroidal extension are the main risk factors for developing CLNM in MTC patients; And risk factors for developing LLNM in MTC patients include: gender, tumor size, multifocality, bilaterality, capsular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, margin of the tumor, shape of the tumor, preoperative calcitonin level, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level and central lymph node metastasis. These risk factors can guide the individualized treatment plan and improve the prognosis of MTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyi Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiaxing Huo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunyue Zhu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Peace West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanbo Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Peace West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, China.
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Mura C, Rodia R, Corrias S, Cappai A, Lai ML, Canu GL, Medas F, Calò PG, Mariotti S, Boi F. Diffuse C-Cells Hyperplasia Is the Source of False Positive Calcitonin Measurement in FNA Washout Fluids of Thyroid Nodules: A Rational Clinical Approach to Avoiding Unnecessary Surgery. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:210. [PMID: 38201637 PMCID: PMC10777925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The FNA-CT is useful for the diagnosis of MTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of FNA-CT in TNs coexisting with CCH. METHODS This study retrospectively reviewed the records of 11 patients with TNs submitted to thyroidectomy on the basis of elevated basal and/or stimulated serum CT values, which at histology were not confirmed to be MTC. The results obtained in this group were compared with those of a previously reported group of histologically proven MTC patients submitted to an identical presurgical evaluation. All patients, negative for known mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, were preoperatively submitted to neck ultrasound, FNA-cytology, and FNA-CT. RESULTS Approximately 6 of 11 patients showed increased (>36 ng/mL, as established in previous studies not involving patients with CCH) FNA-CT. All these patients showed diffuse CCH at histology in the thyroid lobe submitted to FNA; 5 of them were benign at histology, while only one was malignant (papillary thyroid carcinoma, PTC). The remaining 5 of 11 patients had low FNA-CT (<36 ng/mL), and all of them showed only focal CCH in the lobe submitted to FNA; three of them were malignant (2 PTC, 1 follicular carcinoma), while two were benign. CONCLUSIONS Employing the currently proposed cut-off values, false-positive FNA-CT results may be observed in benign/malignant TNs with coexisting diffuse CCH. FNA-CT must therefore be cautiously used in the diagnostic approach for patients with TNs and a slightly increased basal or stimulated serum CT concentration in order to avoid unnecessary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mura
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (R.R.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Rossella Rodia
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (R.R.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Corrias
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (R.R.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonello Cappai
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (R.R.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Letizia Lai
- Pathology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Gian Luigi Canu
- Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (G.L.C.); (F.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Fabio Medas
- Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (G.L.C.); (F.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Pietro Giorgio Calò
- Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (G.L.C.); (F.M.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Stefano Mariotti
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (R.R.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Francesco Boi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (R.R.); (S.C.); (A.C.); (S.M.)
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Yan C, Xiong J, Zhou Z, Li Q, Gao C, Zhang M, Yu L, Li J, Hu MM, Zhang CS, Cai C, Zhang H, Zhang J. A cleaved METTL3 potentiates the METTL3-WTAP interaction and breast cancer progression. eLife 2023; 12:RP87283. [PMID: 37589705 PMCID: PMC10435237 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of RNA by the methyltransferase complex (MTC), with core components including METTL3-METTL14 heterodimers and Wilms' tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), contributes to breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify a novel cleaved form METTL3a (residues 239-580 of METTL3). We find that METTL3a is required for the METTL3-WTAP interaction, RNA m6A deposition, as well as cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we find that METTL3a is essential for the METTL3-METTL3 interaction, which is a prerequisite step for recruitment of WTAP in MTC. Analysis of m6A sequencing data shows that depletion of METTL3a globally disrupts m6A deposition, and METTL3a mediates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation via m6A-mediated suppression of TMEM127 expression. Moreover, we find that METTL3 cleavage is mediated by proteasome in an mTOR-dependent manner, revealing positive regulatory feedback between METTL3a and mTOR signaling. Our findings reveal METTL3a as an important component of MTC, and suggest the METTL3a-mTOR axis as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Yan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jingjing Xiong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qifang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chuan Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liya Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ming-Ming Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chen-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network School of Life Sciences, Xiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Haojian Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Ensinck I, Maman A, Albihlal WS, Lassandro M, Salzano G, Sideri T, Howell SA, Calvani E, Patel H, Bushkin G, Ralser M, Snijders AP, Skehel M, Casañal A, Schwartz S, van Werven FJ. The yeast RNA methylation complex consists of conserved yet reconfigured components with m6A-dependent and independent roles. eLife 2023; 12:RP87860. [PMID: 37490041 PMCID: PMC10393049 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mRNA modification, is deposited in mammals/insects/plants by m6A methyltransferase complexes (MTC) comprising a catalytic subunit and at least five additional proteins. The yeast MTC is critical for meiosis and was known to comprise three proteins, of which two were conserved. We uncover three novel MTC components (Kar4/Ygl036w-Vir1/Dyn2). All MTC subunits, except for Dyn2, are essential for m6A deposition and have corresponding mammalian MTC orthologues. Unlike the mammalian bipartite MTC, the yeast MTC is unipartite, yet multifunctional. The mRNA interacting module, comprising Ime4, Mum2, Vir1, and Kar4, exerts the MTC's m6A-independent function, while Slz1 enables the MTC catalytic function in m6A deposition. Both functions are critical for meiotic progression. Kar4 also has a mechanistically separate role from the MTC during mating. The yeast MTC constituents play distinguishable m6A-dependent, MTC-dependent, and MTC-independent functions, highlighting their complexity and paving the path towards dissecting multi-layered MTC functions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Maman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guy Bushkin
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | | | - Mark Skehel
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Schraga Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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Martins RS, Jesus TT, Cardoso L, Soares P, Vinagre J. Personalized Medicine in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Broad Review of Emerging Treatments. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1132. [PMID: 37511745 PMCID: PMC10381735 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland, and although rare, it represents an aggressive type of thyroid cancer. MTC is recognized for its low mutational burden, with point mutations in RET or RAS genes being the most common oncogenic events. MTC can be resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and multitarget kinase inhibitors (MKIs) have been considered a treatment option. They act by inhibiting the activities of specific tyrosine kinase receptors involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Several tyrosine kinase inhibitors are approved in the treatment of advanced MTC, including vandetanib and cabozantinib. However, due to the significant number of adverse events, debatable efficiency and resistance, there is a need for novel RET-specific TKIs. Newer RET-specific TKIs are expected to overcome previous limitations and improve patient outcomes. Herein, we aim to review MTC signaling pathways, the most recent options for treatment and the applications for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sousa Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tito Teles Jesus
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Vinagre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Saltiki K, Simeakis G, Karapanou O, Paschou SA, Alevizaki M. Metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma ( MTC): disease course, treatment modalities and factors predisposing for drug resistance. Endocrine 2023; 80:570-579. [PMID: 36626081 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MTC has varying clinical course. In cases with metastatic disease (meta-MTC) further therapeutic modalities (locoregional and/or Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitors, TKIs) are needed. Clinical features, disease progression, response to therapy and possible factors predisposing to TKIs response-resistance in meta-MTCs were investigated. METHODS Out of 338 MTC patients 54 had meta-MTC and were followed for 0.7-46 years (median 10.5); therapeutic interventions and response to therapy were recorded retrospectively. RESULTS Of 54 meta-MTC patients, 34/54 were men, 44/54 sporadic (age-at-diagnosis 47 ± 17.4 years, range: 5-78). Distant metastases at diagnosis were present in 12/54 (≥2 loci in 8/12), 7/12 received TKIs; During follow-up metastases occurred in 42/54 (within 0.6-25 years from diagnosis, median 5 yrs). Locoregional therapies were administered to 44/54 (81.5%) and TKIs to 40/54 (74.1%). Vandetanib was administered in 30 patients (24 as first-line therapy). The median progression-free-survival, PFS) was 48 months (range 4-120), partial response (PR): 26.7%, stable disease (SD): 23.3%, progressive disease (PD): 50.0%, cancer-specific survival: 44.8%, (16 in ongoing-therapy). More favorable disease course was recorded in familial-MTC compared to sporadic (p = 0.02) and in those patients with serious-adverse-events (SAEs) under treatment (p = 0.027). Those with biochemical progression under vandetanib, later showed more frequently structural progression (p = 0.007). Ten patients received cabozantinib (8/10 as second-line therapy, median PFS:11 months (3-36 months), 8/10 died). Three RET-mutant patients received selpercatinib; all showed PR. Within the total follow-up period, the response to therapy was: PR: 8/54 (14.8%), SD: 15/54 (27.8%), PD: 31/54 (57.4%), cancer-specific survival 46.3%. Mortality was higher in older patients (≥60 years) compared to younger ones (<60 yrs) (83.3 vs 45.2%, p = 0.021). Outcome was better in familial-MTC vs sporadic (PR: 50 vs 6.8%, SD: 20 vs 29.5%, PD: 30 vs 59.1%, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Meta-MTCs treatment results in disease stabilization in 42.6% during a median 10.5 year follow-up. Combination of locoregional and systemic therapies may result in more favorable PFS. Family history, younger age, SAEs may predict better response; biochemical escape under TKI needs to be followed-up closely as it may indicate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Saltiki
- Endocrine Unit, Dept Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Simeakis
- Endocrine Dept, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Karapanou
- Endocrine Dept, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit, Dept Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Alevizaki
- Endocrine Unit, Dept Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
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Williams JF, Zhao M, Najdawi F, Ahmadi S, Hornick JL, Wong KS, Barletta JA. Grading of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: an Interobserver Reproducibility Study. Endocr Pathol 2022; 33:371-377. [PMID: 35553368 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-022-09718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Grade, based on proliferative activity and tumor necrosis, has recently been shown to be prognostic in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in multivariate analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver reproducibility of assessed grade in MTC. Three groups (each group included one resident/fellow and one attending pathologist) independently evaluated a cohort of 44 sporadic MTC. For each case, all available tumor slides were reviewed, and mitotic count and the presence of tumor necrosis were recorded. Ki-67 was performed, and the Ki-67 proliferative index was determined in the area of highest proliferative activity. Tumors were graded according to the recently published International Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Grading System (IMTCGS). Kappa statistics were calculated for each individual criterion (mitotic count, Ki-67 proliferative index, and necrosis) and for assigned IMTCGS grade. For our cohort of 44 MTCs, the kappa statistic for mitotic count, Ki-67 proliferative index, and necrosis was 0.68, 0.86, and 0.89, respectively. The kappa statistic for assigned IMTCGS grade was 0.87. Our findings indicate that there was a strong level of agreement for assessment of grade in our cohort of MTC, indicating that grade as assessed by the IMTCGS is not only prognostic but also reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Williams
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fedaa Najdawi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Ahmadi
- Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristine S Wong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justine A Barletta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Zhang Z, Lin N. Clinical diagnostic value of American College of Radiology thyroid imaging report and data system in different kinds of thyroid nodules. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:145. [PMID: 35642030 PMCID: PMC9158315 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the diagnostic value of American College of Radiology (ACR) score and ACR Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System (TI-RADS) for benign nodules, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through comparing with Kwak TI-RADS. METHODS Five hundred nine patients diagnosed with PTC, MTC or benign thyroid nodules were included and classified into the benign thyroid nodules group (n = 264), the PTC group (n = 189) and the MTC group (n = 56). The area under the curve (AUC) values were analyzed and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to compare the diagnostic efficiencies of ACR score, ACR TI-RADS and KWAK TI-RADS on benign thyroid nodules, MTC and PTC. RESULTS The AUC values of ACR score, ACR TI-RADS and Kwak TI-RADS for distinguishing malignant nodules from benign nodules were 0.914 (95%CI: 0.886-0.937), 0.871 (95%CI: 0.839-0.899) and 0.885 (95%CI: 0.854-0.911), respectively. In distinguishing of patients with MTC from PTC, the AUC values of ACR score, ACR TI-RADS and Kwak TI-RADS were 0.650 (95%CI: 0.565-0.734), 0.596 (95%CI: 0.527-0.664), and 0.613 (95%CI: 0.545-0.681), respectively. The AUC values of ACR score, ACR TI-RADS and Kwak TI-RADS for the discrimination of patients with MTC, PTC or benign nodules from patients without MTC, PTC or benign nodules were 0.899 (95%CI: 0.882-0.915), 0.865 (95%CI: 0.846-0.885), and 0.873 (95%CI: 0.854-0.893), respectively. CONCLUSION The ACR score performed the best, followed ex aequo by the ACR and Kwak TI-RADS in discriminating patients with malignant nodules from benign nodules and patients with MTC from PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- Ultrasonography Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Fuzhou East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Ultrasonography Department, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Fuzhou East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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13
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Rosário F, Monteiro FA. Gibbs Sampling Detection for Large MIMO and MTC Uplinks with Adaptive Modulation. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1309. [PMID: 35214208 PMCID: PMC8962999 DOI: 10.3390/s22041309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wireless networks beyond 5G will mostly be serving myriads of sensors and other machine-type communications (MTC), with each device having different requirements in respect to latency, error rate, energy consumption, spectral efficiency or other specifications. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems remain a central technology towards 6G, and in cases where massive antenna arrays or cell-free networks are not possible to deploy and only moderately large antenna arrays are allowed, the detection problem at the base-station cannot rely on zero-forcing or matched filters and more complex detection schemes have to be used. The main challenge is to find low complexity, hardware feasible methods that are able to attain near optimal performance. Randomized algorithms based on Gibbs sampling (GS) were proven to perform very close to the optimal detection, even for moderately large antenna arrays, while yielding an acceptable number of operations. However, their performance is highly dependent on the chosen "temperature" parameter (TP). In this paper, we propose and study an optimized variant of the GS method, denoted by triple mixed GS, and where three distinct values for the TP are considered. The method exhibits faster convergence rates than the existing ones in the literature, hence requiring fewer iterations to achieve a target bit error rate. The proposed detector is suitable for symmetric large MIMO systems, however the proposed fixed complexity detector is highly suitable to spectrally efficient adaptively modulated MIMO (AM-MIMO) systems where different types of devices upload information at different bit rates or have different requirements regarding spectral efficiency. The proposed receiver is shown to attain quasi-optimal performance in both scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco A. Monteiro
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Information Science and Technology, ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Klain M, Hadoux J, Nappi C, Finessi M, Ambrosio R, Schlumberger M, Cuocolo A, Deandreis D, Salvatore D. Imaging medullary thyroid cancer patients with detectable serum markers: state of the art and future perspectives. Endocrine 2022; 75:330-337. [PMID: 34748168 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from thyroid parafollicular C-cells and represents <5% of all thyroid cancers. Serum Calcitonin (CTn) is considered the most sensitive marker of persistent or recurrent disease and is measured in association to CEA. According to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, following initial surgery when CTn level remains below 150 pg/mL, follow-up may rely on repeated serum marker determinations and on neck ultrasonography (US). When CTn level exceeds 150 pg/ml, additional imaging is required. In this review, we provide an overview of available imaging tools to monitor MTC course and propose an effective imaging strategy for MTC patients according to their clinical situation. METHODS A literature search focusing on available imaging tools to monitor MTC provided the currently available information for this review. Recent evidence-based reports and reviews were considered as priority over older evidence. RESULTS For MTC patients with detectable CTn levels and disease recurrence, PET/CT imaging with 18F-DOPA or 68Ga-DOTA-peptides present the best sensitivity for lesion detection. 18F FDG PET/CT represents a prognostic tool and is useful in case of aggressive disease. Neck ultrasound, chest CT scan and MRI of the liver and of the axial skeleton represent complementary techniques. Beyond the diagnostic accuracy, the clinical impact of imaging is variable according to different disease settings and tumor marker levels. Finally, other applications of imaging such as response to focal and systemic treatments and new promising PET tracers should be further investigated. CONCLUSION The role of imaging in MTC patients improved, especially with the use of 18F-DOPA PET/CT that provides high quality diagnostic images. However, the impact on therapeutic management should be further evaluated in the different disease settings and in proper prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Klain
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Hadoux
- Department of Endocrine Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Gustave Roussy and University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Carmela Nappi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Finessi
- Department of Medical Science, Nuclear Medicine Division, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Martin Schlumberger
- Department of Endocrine Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Gustave Roussy and University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Désirée Deandreis
- Department of Medical Science, Nuclear Medicine Division, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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15
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Green K, Hintze J, O'Neill JP. Surgical aspects and controversies in the management of medullary thyroid cancer. Ir J Med Sci 2022; 191:2461-2466. [PMID: 35064534 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) accounts for only 4% of thyroid carcinomas but 15% of thyroid cancer deaths. MTC is a tumour of the calcitonin secreting parafollicular C cells in the thyroid which can occur sporadically or be hereditary in multiple endocrine neoplasias type 2 syndromes due to germline RET mutations. Sporadic forms of MTC can also be caused by mutations in the RET protooncogene. MTC commonly presents in a late stage, with 70% of patients presenting with local nodal metastasis. Currently, the only curative treatment for MTC is surgical removal. The aim of this paper is to describe the current guidelines and progressions of the surgical management of MTC and to highlight up-and-coming chemotherapies. A database literature review was completed utilizing PubMed to cumulate the extant literature, screening for most recent guidelines and publications regarding the management of MTC. Current guidelines were described by the American Thyroid Association in 2015. Controversial publications continue to present supporting evidence for varying degrees of thyroidectomy and neck dissections. Recently, researchers have been exploring non-surgical options including external beam radiotherapy and multikinase inhibitors such as vandetanib and cabozantinib for the treatment of MTC. Surgical management of MTC remains controversial and varies significantly dependent on the extent of disease. Chemotherapeutic options have undetermined effects on survival to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Hintze
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Paul O'Neill
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Kharel B, López OLA, Alves H, Latva-Aho M. Ultra-Reliable Communication for Critical Machine Type Communication via CRAN-Enabled Multi-Connectivity Diversity Schemes. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:8064. [PMID: 34884066 DOI: 10.3390/s21238064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on edge-enabled cloud radio access network architecture to achieve ultra-reliable communication, a crucial enabler for supporting mission-critical machine-type communication networks. We propose coordinated multi-point transmission schemes taking advantage of diversity mechanisms in interference-limited downlink cellular networks. The network scenario comprises spatially distributed multiple remote radio heads (RRHs) that may cooperate through silencing, or by using more elaborated diversity strategies such as maximum ratio transmission or transmit antenna selection to serve user equipment in the ultra-reliable operation regime. We derive an exact closed-form expression for the outage probabilities and expected values of signal-to-interference ratio for silencing, transmit antenna selection and maximum ratio transmission schemes. We formulate rate control and energy efficiency under reliability constraints to test the performance and resource usage of the proposed schemes. Furthermore, we study the impact on average system sum throughput with throughput-reliability trade-off under cooperative communication. Extensive numerical analysis shows the feasibility of ultra-reliable communication by implementing diversity schemes with RRHs cooperation.
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17
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Abstract
Background: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare and life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction. It is characterized by fever, skin lesions, and internal organ involvement. Sorafenib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of certain cancers such as hepatocellular, renal cell, and thyroid cancer. Case Presentation: The case is a 40 years old man who presented with fever, generalized skin rash, and pruritus. The patient has received sorafenib for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) from 3 weeks ago. Following presentation, the drug was discontinued and causality was assessed by scoring system RegiSCAR and Naranjo scale that showed a probable DRESS. There was no internal organ involvement based on the laboratory evaluations. The considerable abnormality was eosinophilia among patient's laboratory tests. Antihistamines and topical and systemic corticosteroids were utilized for the management of the symptoms. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of DRESS syndrome by sorafenib in the patients with MTC. Clinicians should be aware of sign and symptoms suggesting DRESS syndrome of sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Rahmani
- Department of pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niayesh Mohebbi
- Department of pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism sciences institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Ai L, Li N, Tan HL, Wei B, Zhao YX, Chen P, Hu HY, Liu M, Ou-Yang DJ, Qin ZE, Huang P, Chang S. Effects of marital status on survival of medullary thyroid cancer stratified by age. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8829-8837. [PMID: 34723436 PMCID: PMC8683521 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Marital status has emerged as an important influence on several cancer outcomes, but its role in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) remains unclear. This study was to explore the effects of marital status on the prognosis of MTC patients and to determine whether its effects vary by age. Patients and methods We retrospectively extracted 1344 eligible patients diagnosed with MTC between 2004 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Based on the marital status, we divided those patients into married and unmarried groups. We compared the difference in overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) between married and unmarried via the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional models were performed to identify the prognostic factors of OS and CSS. Results There were 1344 MTC eligible patients in a total of which 883 (65.7%) were married and 461 (34.3%) were unmarried. The comparison observed between married and unmarried patients was as follows: male (45.2% vs. 28.0%), age (≥52 years) (55.9% vs. 44.6%), White (86.7% vs. 78.7%), and undergo surgery (97.7% vs. 93.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed unmarried status as a risk factor independently associated with worse OS (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.59–2.92) rate and CSS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.17–2.47) rate. In a further analysis stratified by age, there was no significant difference in OS and CSS between married and unmarried patients younger than 52 years. For the remaining group with 52 years old and higher, unmarried patients showed significantly higher risk of OS and CSS than married patients at all stages of the pathology except M1 stage. Conclusion Married patients with MTC have a better prognosis than unmarried ones. Age can affect the association between marital status and the survival of MTC, and married elders may benefit more than youngers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Mian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Jie Ou-Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zi-En Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center For Thyroid Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Bodet-Milin C, Faivre-Chauvet A, Carlier T, Ansquer C, Rauscher A, Frampas E, Toulgoat F, Masson D, Bourgeois M, Cerato E, Rohmer V, Couturier O, Drui D, Goldenberg DM, Sharkey RM, Barbet J, Kraeber-Bodere F. Anti-CEA Pretargeted Immuno-PET Shows Higher Sensitivity Than DOPA PET/CT in Detecting Relapsing Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Post Hoc Analysis of the iPET- MTC Study. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1221-1227. [PMID: 33547213 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.252791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pretargeting parameters for the use of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) bispecific monoclonal antibody TF2 and the 68Ga-labeled IMP288 peptide for immuno-PET have been optimized in a first-in-humans study performed on medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients (the iPET-MTC study). The aim of this post hoc analysis was to determine the sensitivity of immuno-PET in relapsing MTC patients, in comparison with conventional imaging and 18F-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) PET/CT. Methods: Twenty-five studies were analyzed in 22 patients. All patients underwent immuno-PET 1 and 2 h after 68Ga-IMP288 injection pretargeted by TF2, in addition to neck, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic CT; bone and liver MRI; and 18F-DOPA PET/CT. The gold standard was histology or confirmation by one other imaging method or by imaging follow-up. Results: In total, 190 lesions were confirmed by the gold standard: 89 in lymph nodes, 14 in lungs, 46 in liver, 37 in bone, and 4 in other sites (subcutaneous tissue, heart, brain, and pancreas). The number of abnormal foci detected by immuno-PET was 210. Among these, 174 (83%) were confirmed as true-positive by the gold standard. Immuno-PET showed a higher overall sensitivity (92%) than 18F-DOPA PET/CT (65%). Regarding metastatic sites, immuno-PET had a higher sensitivity than CT, 18F-DOPA PET/CT, or MRI for lymph nodes (98% vs. 83% for CT and 70% for 18F-DOPA PET/CT), liver (98% vs. 87% for CT, 65% for 18F-DOPA PET/CT, and 89% for MRI), and bone (92% vs. 64% for 18F-DOPA PET/CT and 86% for MRI), whereas sensitivity was lower for lung metastases (29% vs. 100% for CT and 14% for 18F-DOPA PET/CT). Tumor SUVmax at 60 min ranged from 1.2 to 59.0, with intra- and interpatient variability. Conclusion: This post hoc study demonstrates that anti-carcinoembryonic antigen immuno-PET is an effective procedure for detecting metastatic MTC lesions. Immuno-PET showed a higher overall sensitivity than 18F-DOPA PET/CT for disclosing metastases, except for the lung, where CT remains the most effective examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Carlier
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Ansquer
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | | | - Eric Frampas
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Pharmacy Unit, ICO Cancer Center, Saint-Herblain, France.,Radiology Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Damien Masson
- Biology Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Mickael Bourgeois
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Evelyne Cerato
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Rohmer
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | | | - Delphine Drui
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
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20
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Abstract
Primary thyroid cancers demonstrate distinct biological behaviors depending on their histologic characteristics. The ability to accumulate radioiodine by differentiated thyroid cancer cells is lost in primary aggressive, poorly differentiated and dedifferentiated tumor cells. PET imaging comes into play in these challenging situations where it can provide additive information to radioiodine scintigraphy and conventional imaging. This review focuses on the current guidelines and future prospects of PET imaging in thyroid cancers.
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21
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Abrantes AC, Serejo J, Vieira-Pinto M. The Association between Palmer Drought Severity Index Data and Tuberculosis-like Lesions Occurrence in Mediterranean Hunted Wild Boars. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2060. [PMID: 34359188 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Climate is one of the most influential factors in the dynamics of tuberculosis in the Mediterranean Iberic wildlife population. In this study, we aim to address how drought as a risk factor influences the occurrence of Tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar inspected in the field. With this focus, our study contributes to pointing out the importance of periods of drought in the increased TBL occurrence in wild boars inspected in the field in the subsequent season. The results of our study allow hunting managers to be advised, in advance, on whether they should adopt extra protective measures when they are aware of the presence of periods of drought. This climate trait can become an alert sign for increased TBL occurrence in the following season, allowing for the implementation of a feasible, timely, and effective measures to control TB in the wild boar population. Abstract In the Iberian Peninsula, the prevalence of tuberculosis differs for each region and for different wild disease hosts and the region affected by a Mediterranean climate will be the most affected. The Mediterranean Iberic regions have a favourable ecosystem for the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex agents, where habitat, population dynamics, and climate (especially drought) are important factors affecting the high prevalence of tuberculosis in the wild boar population. Our objective was to study the association between the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and the occurrence of tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar during nine hunting seasons (2008/09 to 2016/17) in Idanha-a-Nova County. To this end, statistical analysis revealed a significant association (p < 0.05) between the occurrence of TBL in wild boar in Idanha-a-Nova County and the analysed risk factor—previous season with periods of drought—which indicated that, when one season experiences some periods of drought, the probability of TBL occurrence in wild boars was 1.2 (OR = 1.2) times higher in the next hunting season than when there were no periods of drought. Therefore, our study contributes to the discovery of a positive effect of periods of drought on the transmission of tuberculosis in Iberian wildlife.
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Yasuda K, Kidokoro Y, Makishima K, Matsui S, Nakanishi A, Nozaka Y, Oshima Y, Kubouchi Y, Takagi Y, Haruki T, Nakamura H. A rare case of combined thymoma and a multilocular thymic cyst discovered due to chest pain. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:158. [PMID: 34236557 PMCID: PMC8266926 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-021-01243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A thymoma with chest pain and multilocular thymic cysts (MTCs) is very rare. Case presentation A 49-year-old man presented to another hospital complaining of an anterior chest pain. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed an anterior mediastinal tumor 60 × 30 × 55 mm in size. The boundary with the pericardium or left brachiocephalic vein seemed to be partially unclear while enhanced by the contrast medium, and so the tumor could have invaded them. No definitive diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was made although the serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody count was high. We performed an extended thymectomy with combined partial resection of left brachiocephalic vein, left upper lobe, and left phrenic nerve. He was discharged with no chest pain and no complications post-surgery. The tumor was pathologically type B2 thymoma with hemorrhage necrosis and MTCs, and we diagnosed Masaoka stage II because of no histological infiltration to the organs. Conclusions We speculated that hemorrhagic necrosis due to infarction in tumor caused the inflammation to spread to the surrounding organs, which was related to the chest pain and the development of MTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Yasuda
- Center for Clinical Residency Program, Tottori University Hospital, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kidokoro
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Karen Makishima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsui
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Nakanishi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Nozaka
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Oshima
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kubouchi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuzo Takagi
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Haruki
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Nakamura
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
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Smith JRA, Fox CE, Wright TC, Khan U, Clarke AM, Monsell FP. Orthoplastic management of open tibial fractures in children : a consecutive five-year series from a paediatric major trauma centre. Bone Joint J 2021; 103-B:1160-1167. [PMID: 34058876 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.103b6.bjj-2020-2085.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Open tibial fractures are limb-threatening injuries. While limb loss is rare in children, deep infection and nonunion rates of up to 15% and 8% are reported, respectively. We manage these injuries in a similar manner to those in adults, with a combined orthoplastic approach, often involving the use of vascularised free flaps. We report the orthopaedic and plastic surgical outcomes of a consecutive series of patients over a five-year period, which includes the largest cohort of free flaps for trauma in children to date. METHODS Data were extracted from medical records and databases for patients with an open tibial fracture aged < 16 years who presented between 1 May 2014 and 30 April 2019. Patients who were transferred from elsewhere were excluded, yielding 44 open fractures in 43 patients, with a minimum follow-up of one year. Management was reviewed from the time of injury to discharge. Primary outcome measures were the rate of deep infection, time to union, and the Modified Enneking score. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 9.9 years (2.8 to 15.8), and 28 were male (64%). A total of 30 fractures (68%) involved a motor vehicle collision, and 34 (77%) were classified as Gustilo Anderson (GA) grade 3B. There were 17 (50%) GA grade 3B fractures, which were treated with a definitive hexapod fixator, and 33 fractures (75%) were treated with a free flap, of which 30 (91%) were scapular/parascapular or anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps. All fractures united at a median of 12.3 weeks (interquartile range (IQR) 9.6 to 18.1), with increasing age being significantly associated with a longer time to union (p = 0.005). There were no deep infections, one superficial wound infection, and the use of 20 fixators (20%) was associated with a pin site infection. The median Enneking score was 90% (IQR 87.5% to 95%). Three patients had a bony complication requiring further surgery. There were no flap failures, and eight patients underwent further plastic surgery. CONCLUSION The timely and comprehensive orthoplastic care of open tibial fractures in this series of patiemts aged < 16 years resulted in 100% union and 0% deep infection, with excellent patient-reported functional outcomes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(6):1160-1167.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare E Fox
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
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Schirwani S, Fraser S, Mushtaq T, Chengot P, Mavrogiannis LA, Jewell R, Adlard J. Homozygosity for the pathogenic RET hotspot variant p.Cys634Trp: A consanguineous family with MEN2A. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104141. [PMID: 33450337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is a dominantly inherited condition with defined correlations between the genetic variant and clinical presentations. The location of pathogenic variants in the RET gene is a significant determinant of disease presentation and is associated with variable gene activation. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in codon 634 result in earlier onset of medullary thyroid carcinoma and higher incidence of phaeochromocytoma. Here we describe a consanguineous family with MEN2A that includes two children homozygous for the established pathogenic variant p. Cys634Trp. Both parents and a sibling were confirmed to being heterozygotes. Previous reports of biallelic or multiple RET variants have been limited to weakly activating variants. We present the first report of individuals homozygous for the highly activating RET p. Cys634Trp pathogenic variant and discuss disease severity and onset in this rare occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schaida Schirwani
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sheila Fraser
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Talat Mushtaq
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Preetha Chengot
- Department of Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Lampros A Mavrogiannis
- Yorkshire and North East Genomic Laboratory Hub, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Rosalyn Jewell
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Julian Adlard
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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25
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Luzón-Toro B, Villalba-Benito L, Fernández RM, Torroglosa A, Antiñolo G, Borrego S. RMRP, RMST, FTX and IPW: novel potential long non-coding RNAs in medullary thyroid cancer. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 33407723 PMCID: PMC7789680 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer is currently a matter of increasing interest. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor (2-5% of all thyroid cancer) derived from the parafollicular C-cells which secrete calcitonin. About 75% of all medullary thyroid cancers are believed to be sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (sMTC), whereas the remaining 25% correspond to inherited cancer syndromes known as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). MEN2 syndrome, with autosomal dominant inheritance is caused by germline gain of function mutations in RET proto-oncogene. To date no lncRNA has been associated to MEN2 syndrome and only two articles have been published relating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to MTC: the first one linked MALAT1 with sMTC and, in the other, our group determined some new lncRNAs in a small group of sMTC cases in fresh tissue (RMST, FTX, IPW, PRNCR1, ADAMTS9-AS2 and RMRP). The aim of the current study is to validate such novel lncRNAs previously described by our group by using a larger cohort of patients, in order to discern their potential role in the disease. Here we have tested three up-regulated (RMST, FTX, IPW) and one down-regulated (RMRP) lncRNAs in our samples (formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from twenty-one MEN2 and ten sMTC patients) by RT-qPCR analysis. The preliminary results reinforce the potential role of RMST, FTX, IPW and RMRP in the pathogenesis of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Luzón-Toro
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases CIBERER, Seville, Spain
| | - Leticia Villalba-Benito
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases CIBERER, Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel María Fernández
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases CIBERER, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Torroglosa
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases CIBERER, Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Antiñolo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases CIBERER, Seville, Spain
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases CIBERER, Seville, Spain.
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Workman AD, Soylu S, Kamani D, Nourmahnad A, Kyriazidis N, Saade R, Ren Y, Wirth L, Faquin WC, Onenerk AM, Nikiforov YE, Al-Qurayshi Z, Kandil E, Kloos RT, Eldeiry L, Lubitz C, Stathatos N, Randolph GW. Limitations of preoperative cytology for medullary thyroid cancer: Proposal for improved preoperative diagnosis for optimal initial medullary thyroid carcinoma specific surgery. Head Neck 2020; 43:920-927. [PMID: 33269526 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is often difficult, given the poor sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology for MTC. This study investigates this issue and presents recommendations for improving preoperative diagnostic paradigms in MTC cases. DESIGN/METHOD Histopathologically confirmed MTC patients with preoperative cytologic assessment of index nodules were enrolled. FNA diagnosis, final pathology, and surgery details were collected. RESULTS Out of 71 patients, 49 (69%) were diagnosed by FNA as either definitive MTC (35, 49%) or suspected MTC (14, 20%) and 22 (31%) patients had no indication of MTC on FNA. CONCLUSION In a tertiary-care setting, one-third of subjects had an FNA interpretation that did not suggest the possibility of MTC. The limitations of preoperative diagnosis are especially problematic for MTC as they can cause delayed or incomplete treatment. Additional testing is proposed to improve preoperative diagnosis and surgical care of MTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Workman
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Selen Soylu
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dipti Kamani
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Natalia Kyriazidis
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan Saade
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yin Ren
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William C Faquin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayşe M Onenerk
- Department of Pathology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zaid Al-Qurayshi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Richard T Kloos
- Department of Medical Affairs, Veracyte Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leslie Eldeiry
- Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Atrius Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carrie Lubitz
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nikolaos Stathatos
- Thyroid Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory W Randolph
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kang B, Kim B, Schär M, Park H, Heo HY. Unsupervised learning for magnetization transfer contrast MR fingerprinting: Application to CEST and nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2040-2054. [PMID: 33128483 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a fast, quantitative 3D magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) framework based on an unsupervised learning scheme, which will provide baseline reference signals for CEST and nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging. METHODS Pseudo-randomized RF saturation parameters and relaxation delay times were applied in an MR fingerprinting framework to generate transient-state signal evolutions for different MTC parameters. Prospectively compressed sensing-accelerated (four-fold) MR fingerprinting images were acquired from 6 healthy volunteers at 3 T. A convolutional neural network framework in an unsupervised fashion was designed to solve an inverse problem of a two-pool MTC Bloch equation, and was compared with a conventional Bloch equation-based fitting approach. The MTC images synthesized by the convolutional neural network architecture were used for amide proton transfer and nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging as a reference baseline image. RESULTS The fully unsupervised learning scheme incorporated with the two-pool exchange model learned a set of unique features that can describe the MTC-MR fingerprinting input, and allowed only small amounts of unlabeled data for training. The MTC parameter values estimated by the unsupervised learning method were in excellent agreement with values estimated by the conventional Bloch fitting approach, but dramatically reduced computation time by ~1000-fold. CONCLUSION Given the considerable time efficiency compared to conventional Bloch fitting, unsupervised learning-based MTC-MR fingerprinting could be a powerful tool for quantitative MTC and CEST/nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomgu Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byungjai Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Schär
- Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - HyunWook Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Divison of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mishra V, Kowtal P, Rane P, Sarin R. Modulatory Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Distinct Genetic Pathways on Clinical Behavior of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1289-1293. [PMID: 32458635 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Role of RET proto-oncogene as predisposing gene for Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma is well established which provides the basis for clinical management of patients. However clinical behavior of MTC varies considerably among patients. Several studies have investigated whether SNPs in low penetrance genes could modulate the clinical behavior of MTC but with conflicting or inconclusive results. The present study aimed to investigate the modifier effect of 13 SNPs of three distinct genetic pathways -Detoxification, Cell cycle regulation and RET on the clinico-pathological features of hereditary and sporadic MTC. METHODS SNPs were genotyped using RFLP or TaqMan method. The genotypes were correlated with various clinico-pathological parameters (age and calcitonin levels at MTC diagnosis, tumor volume, nodal and distant metastasis). RESULTS Nodal metastasis was the only clinico-pathological parameter showing significant association with any SNP. In the hereditary MTC group (n=77), incidence of nodal metastases was significantly higher in wild type allele for Cyp1A1m1, CDKN2A and CDKN2C (p=0.01 for all three). In sporadic MTC group (n=361) CDKN2C wild type allele had higher nodal metastasis (p=0.03). CONCLUSION In this largest MTC cohort with comprehensive analysis of modulatory role of 13 most frequently studied SNPs with MTC clinical outcome, we observed a statistically significant association of few SNPs with nodal metastasis. However as these SNPs did not show association with any other clinico-pathological parameters like tumor volume or Calcitonin, they may not be true modifier of MTC. Additional large cohort studies with clinico-pathological details and long-term follow-up are needed to identify genetic modifiers of MTC behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Mishra
- Sarin Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Pradnya Kowtal
- Sarin Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- 3Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Sarin Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India.,Cancer Genetics Clinic, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai,400012, India
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Figueiredo FAP, Mennes R, Jabandžić I, Jiao X, Moerman I. A Baseband Wireless Spectrum Hypervisor for Multiplexing Concurrent OFDM Signals. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E1101. [PMID: 32079365 DOI: 10.3390/s20041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The next generation of wireless and mobile networks will have to handle a significant increase in traffic load compared to the current ones. This situation calls for novel ways to increase the spectral efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a wireless spectrum hypervisor architecture that abstracts a radio frequency (RF) front-end into a configurable number of virtual RF front ends. The proposed architecture has the ability to enable flexible spectrum access in existing wireless and mobile networks, which is a challenging task due to the limited spectrum programmability, i.e., the capability a system has to change the spectral properties of a given signal to fit an arbitrary frequency allocation. The proposed architecture is a non-intrusive and highly optimized wireless hypervisor that multiplexes the signals of several different and concurrent multi-carrier-based radio access technologies with numerologies that are multiple integers of one another, which are also referred in our work as radio access technologies with correlated numerology. For example, the proposed architecture can multiplex the signals of several Wi-Fi access points, several LTE base stations, several WiMAX base stations, etc. As it able to multiplex the signals of radio access technologies with correlated numerology, it can, for instance, multiplex the signals of LTE, 5G-NR and NB-IoT base stations. It abstracts a radio frequency front-end into a configurable number of virtual RF front ends, making it possible for such different technologies to share the same RF front-end and consequently reduce the costs and increasing the spectral efficiency by employing densification, once several networks share the same infrastructure or by dynamically accessing free chunks of spectrum. Therefore, the main goal of the proposed approach is to improve spectral efficiency by efficiently using vacant gaps in congested spectrum bandwidths or adopting network densification through infrastructure sharing. We demonstrate mathematically how our proposed approach works and present several simulation results proving its functionality and efficiency. Additionally, we designed and implemented an open-source and free proof of concept prototype of the proposed architecture, which can be used by researchers and developers to run experiments or extend the concept to other applications. We present several experimental results used to validate the proposed prototype. We demonstrate that the prototype can easily handle up to 12 concurrent physical layers.
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Ingenwerth M, Goetz M, Schmid KW, Theurer S. The mismatch repair system is not affected in medullary thyroid carcinoma independent of stromal desmoplasia or ret proto-oncogene mutation. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 44:151445. [PMID: 31862521 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasia of the thyroid with 10 year overall survival of 50% and limited therapeutic options. High tumor mutational burden because of microsatellite instability (MSI) seems to be a predictor of response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in different tumors. Therefor in 2017 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted the therapy of solid tumors with proven Microsatellite instability (MSI) with PD1 antibody Pembrolizumab independently of their origin. As little is known about MSI in MTC and new therapeutic strategies would be eligible we tried to find out, if therapy with PD1-inhibitors could be promising. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed MSI-analyses of 38 cases of MTC. Included were MTCs with and without stromal desmoplasia and with/without lymph node metastases. We also checked the immunhistochemical expression of PD-L-1 and performed next generation sequencing for genetic alterations. RESULTS All cases revealed stable conditions of the microsatellites and showed immunohistochemically positive staining of the four mismatch repair proteins. PD-L-1- Immunostaining was negative in all cases. DISCUSSION Our data show there is no MSI in MTCs, irrespectively of their status of desmoplasia, metastases and/or ret-mutation. Therefore a positive effect of PD1 inhibitors, because of MSI-associated high tumor mutational burden, seems to be unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ingenwerth
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Rekhissa HB, Belleudy C, Bessaguet P. Energy Efficient Resource Allocation for M2M Devices in LTE/LTE-A. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19245337. [PMID: 31817069 PMCID: PMC6960899 DOI: 10.3390/s19245337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication consists of the communication between intelligent devices without human intervention. Long term evolution (LTE) and Long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) cellular networks technologies are excellent candidates to support M2M communication as they offer high data rates, low latencies, high capacities and more flexibility. However, M2M communication over LTE/LTE-A networks faces some challenges. One of these challenges is the management of resource radios especially on the uplink. LTE schedulers should be able to meet the needs of M2M devices, such as power management and the support of large number of devices, in addition to handling both human-to-human (H2H) and M2M communications. Motivated by the fundamental requirement of extending the battery lives of M2M devices and managing an LTE network system, including both M2M devices and H2H users, in this paper, two channel-aware scheduling algorithms on the uplink are proposed. Both of them consider the coexistence of H2H and M2M communications and aim to reduce energy consumption in M2M devices. The first algorithm, called FDPS-carrier-by-carrier modified (CBC-M), takes into account channel quality and power consumption while allocating radio resources. Our second algorithm, recursive maximum expansion modified (RME-M), offers a balance between delay requirement and energy consumption. Depending on the system requirements, RME-M considers both channel quality and system deadlines in an adjustable manner according to M2M devices needs. Simulation results show that the proposed schedulers outperform the round-robin scheduler in terms of energy efficiency and have better cell spectral efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Rekhissa
- LEAT / CNRS UMR 7248, University Cote Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cecile Belleudy
- LEAT / CNRS UMR 7248, University Cote Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France;
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Dorn-In S, Körner T, Büttner M, Hafner-Marx A, Müller M, Heurich M, Varadharajan A, Blum H, Gareis M, Schwaiger K. Shedding of Mycobacterium caprae by wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Bavarian alpine regions, Germany. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:308-317. [PMID: 31512795 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The number of natural infections with Mycobacterium caprae in wildlife and in cattle in the Bavarian and Austrian alpine regions has increased over the last decade. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) have been recognized as maintenance reservoir; however, the transmission routes of M. caprae among and from naturally infected red deer are unknown. The unexpected high prevalence in some hot spot regions might suggest an effective indirect transmission of infection. Therefore, this study was undertaken to diagnose the occurrence of M. caprae in faeces and secretions of red deer in their natural habitat. A total of 2,806 red deer hunted in this region during 2014-2016 were included in this study. After pathological examination, organs (lymph nodes, lung, heart), excretions and secretions (faeces, urine, saliva and tonsil swabs) were further investigated by qPCR specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), M. bovis and M. caprae. Samples tested positive by qPCR were processed for culturing of mycobacteria. In total, 55 (2.0%) animals were confirmed positive for M. caprae by pathological examination, PCR and culturing of the affected organ material. With the exception of one sample, all of the secretion and excretion samples were negative for mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). From one red deer, M. caprae could be isolated from the heart sac as well as from the faeces. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that both strains were clonally related. This is the first confirmation that M. caprae can be shed with the faeces of a naturally infected red deer. However, further studies focusing on a higher number of infected animals, sample standardization and coordinated multiple sampling are necessary to improve the understanding of transmission routes under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samart Dorn-In
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Körner
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Müller
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Grafenau, Germany
| | - Ashok Varadharajan
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Gareis
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Karin Schwaiger
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Abstract
Molecular imaging using MRI is gaining momentum. While sensitivity of MR is limited compared to other molecular imaging modalities, the molecular specificity is high in comparison. Moreover, MRI offers contrast based on multitude of processes and scales, from intramolecular relaxation pathways to water diffusion. Living tissue offers abundance of potential molecular targets of interest in biology and medicine. In this short perspective we focus on some direct and indirect methods to visualize endogenous molecules. We briefly discuss Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI), Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) and Magnetization Transfer Contrast (MTC). Imaging molecules with MRI is part of the larger universe of imaging methods. Moreover, it is part of ever increasing pool of data combining imaging with other modalities, biology and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vinogradov
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Ruffilli I, Patrizio A, Materazzi G, Antonelli A. Evaluating vandetanib in the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer: patient-reported outcomes. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7893-7907. [PMID: 31686907 PMCID: PMC6708888 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s127848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid cancers (MTCs) are neuroendocrine tumors, which secrete calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen, both of which can serve as tumor markers. Extensive and accurate surgical resection is the primary treatment for MTC, whereas the use of external beam radiotherapy is limited. Moreover, since MTC is derived from thyroid parafollicular cells or C cells, it is not responsive to either radioiodine or thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression, and therefore, they cannot be considered as treatment strategies. Traditional therapies for advanced or metastatic progressive medullary thyroid cancer (pMTC) are poorly effective. Among the new approaches tested in clinical trials, targeted chemotherapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are now available and they represent effective interventions for progressive disease, with additional investigational options emerging. This paper reviews the efficacy and safety of vandetanib in patients with a pMTC, as it has been shown to improve progression-free survival (30.5 vs 19.3 months in controls). Vandetanib is approved by the FDA and EMA for symptomatic or progressive MTC in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease in adults, adolescents, and children older than 5 years. The most common adverse events in vandetanib-treated patients are diarrhea, rash, folliculitis, nausea, QTc prolongation, hypertension, and fatigue. More data are required to deepen our knowledge on molecular biology of tumor and host defense, with the aim to achieve better prognosis and higher quality of life for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mishra V, Kowtal P, Rane P, Sarin R. Genetic risk association of CDKN1A and RET gene SNPs with medullary thyroid carcinoma: Results from the largest MTC cohort and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6151-6161. [PMID: 31408923 PMCID: PMC6792509 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare subtype of thyroid cancer. Other than gain‐of‐function RET mutations, no other genetic, lifestyle or environmental risk associations have been established for MTC. Several case‐control studies and meta‐analysis have examined the risk association of different SNPs with MTC in different populations but with contradictory or inconclusive results. Methods In a large cohort of 438 Indian MTC cases and 489 gender and ethnicity matched healthy controls from 1000 genome project, a comprehensive risk association of 13 SNPs of three pathways—detoxification, cell cycle regulation and RET was performed along with meta‐analysis of RET SNPs. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified a protective risk association of CDKN1ASer31Arg SNP with both hereditary (OR 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13‐0.55; P < .001) and sporadic MTC (OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.36‐0.78; P = .001). An increased risk association was identified for NAT2Y94Y SNP (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17‐2.25, P = .004) and CDKN2A3′UTR SNP (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.19‐2.98, P = .006) with sporadic MTC and RET S904S with hereditary MTC (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.64‐4.86, P < .001). Meta‐analysis of RET SNPs including our cohort identified increased risk association of all four RET SNPs with MTC. Conclusion In this largest SNP risk association study for MTC and the only risk association study of the 13 most commonly studied MTC associated SNPs in a single cohort of this rare cancer, a significant protective risk association of CDKN1ASer31Arg SNP with MTC was shown for the first time. Meta‐analysis identified significant risk association of all four RET SNPs, not observed in previous meta‐analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Mishra
- Sarin Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pradnya Kowtal
- Sarin Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv Sarin
- Sarin Lab, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Cancer Genetics Clinic, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
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Dorn-In S, Gareis M, Schwaiger K. Differentiation of live and dead Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in meat samples using PMA qPCR. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103275. [PMID: 31421753 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The causative agents of zoonotic bovine tuberculosis (bTB), Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae, are members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC). Wildlife such as red deer infected with bTB are often without pathological findings, thus meat thereof may be classified as safe for human consumption. The culturing of MTC is time consuming and inappropriate to be applied with fresh meat and food. Therefore, a rapid method "PMA qPCR" to differentiate living and dead cells of MTC was developed in this study. By treating with 50 μM PMA™ dye, dead M. bovis BCG (≤104 cells/ml meat suspension) could be completely discriminated and was not detected by specific MTC PCR. The limit of detection of MTC without treatment with PMA™ dye was 10 cells/ml. All 50 venison samples obtained for field study purposes were negative for MTC. However, 40% were slightly PCR positive for non-TBC mycobacteria. By culturing using selective enrichment, one single colony of M. avium was isolated. This is the first report on the isolation of M. avium from venison. Considering the difficulties of diagnosing mycobacteria in various matrices, the developed PMA qPCR is applicable for the differentiation of dead and living cells of MTC in meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samart Dorn-In
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Manfred Gareis
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Karin Schwaiger
- Chair of Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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37
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Shabani N, Sheikholeslami S, Paryan M, Zarif Yeganeh M, Tavangar SM, Azizi F, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hedayati M. An investigation on the expression of miRNAs including miR-144 and miR-34a in plasma samples of RET-positive and RET-negative medullar thyroid carcinoma patients. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1366-1373. [PMID: 31297834 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a scarce cancerous disease, originating from parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. MTC can be manifested as an aggressive carcinoma with metastasis, especially in sporadic forms. Mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene occurs in all hereditary and a few somatic MTCs, so detection of RET mutations is needed for prompt and appropriate treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs. Extensive studies have done in progress or suppression of several types of cancers such as MTCs with the remarkable application as prognostic markers. Of the effective miRNAs in cancers, miR-144 and miR-34 were evaluated in our study. Blood samples of 25 RET-positive and 25 RET-negative blood samples of patients with MTC were evaluated for these miRNAs, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Analysis of the results was performed by the 2 -ΔΔCt method, showing that miR-144 and miR-34a expression had a relative increase in patients with MTC compared with normal control samples and also in RET positives versus RET negatives. We recruited 50 out of 350 MTC plasma samples (27 female and 23 male) which were selected based on RET mutation in exon 11 (25 RET-positive and 25 RET-negative), with a mean ± SD age of 37.04 ± 1.74 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to investigate the prognostic value of these miRNAs; although, they showed no significant prognostic value as MTC biomarkers in plasma samples. In conclusion, miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of cancers such as MTC; however, more studies are needed to find the best candidate miRNAs for the diagnosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Shabani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sheikholeslami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Zarif Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bim LV, Navarro FCP, Valente FOF, Lima-Junior JV, Delcelo R, Dias-da-Silva MR, Maciel RMB, Galante PAF, Cerutti JM. Retroposed copies of RET gene: a somatically acquired event in medullary thyroid carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:104. [PMID: 31288802 PMCID: PMC6617568 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different pathogenic germline mutations in the RET oncogene are identified in MEN 2, a hereditary syndrome characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and other endocrine tumors. Although genetic predisposition is recognized, not all RET mutation carriers will develop the disease during their lifetime or, likewise, RET mutation carriers belonging to the same family may present clinical heterogeneity. It has been suggested that a single germline mutation might not be sufficient for development of MEN 2-associated tumors and a somatic bi-allelic alteration might be required. Here we investigated the presence of somatic second hit mutation in the RET gene in MTC. METHODS We integrated Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) to search for copy number alteration (CNA) in the RET gene in MTC samples and medullary thyroid cell lines (TT and MZ-CR-1). We next found reads spanning exon-exon boundaries on RET, an indicative of retrocopy. We subsequently searched for RET retrocopies in the human reference genome (GRCh37) and in the 1000 Genomes Project data, by looking for reads reporting joined exons in the RET locus or distinct genomic regions. To determine RET retrocopy specificity and recurrence, DNA isolated from sporadic and MEN 2-associated MTC (n = 37), peripheral blood (n = 3) and papillary thyroid carcinomas with RET fusion (n = 10) samples were tested using PCR-sequencing methodology. RESULTS Through MLPA we have found evidence of CNA in the RET gene in MTC samples and MTC cell lines. WES analysis reinforced the presence of the CNA and hinted for a retroposed copy of RET not found in the human reference genome and 1.000 Genomes Project. Extended analysis confirmed the presence of a somatic MTC-related retrocopy of RET in both sporadic and hereditary tumors. We further unveiled a recurrent (28%) novel point mutation (p.G548 V) found exclusively in the retrocopy of RET. The mutation was also found in cDNA of mutated samples, suggesting it might be functional. CONCLUSION We here report a somatic specific RET retroposed copy in MTC samples and cell lines. Our results support the idea that generation of retrocopies in somatic cells is likely to contribute to MTC genesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa V Bim
- Laboratório As Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio C P Navarro
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia O F Valente
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José V Lima-Junior
- Laboratório As Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosana Delcelo
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magnus R Dias-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete M Cerutti
- Laboratório As Bases Genéticas dos Tumores da Tiroide, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Starenki D, Sosonkina N, Hong SK, Lloyd RV, Park JI. Mortalin (GRP75/HSPA9) Promotes Survival and Proliferation of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092069. [PMID: 31027376 PMCID: PMC6540051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that upregulation of mortalin (HSPA9/GRP75), the mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone, facilitates tumor cell proliferation and survival in human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), proposing mortalin as a novel therapeutic target for MTC. In this report, we show that mortalin is also upregulated in other thyroid tumor types, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and that mortalin depletion can effectively induce growth arrest and cell death in human PTC (TPC-1), FTC (FTC133), and ATC (8505C and C643) cells in culture. Intriguingly, mortalin depletion induced varied effects on cell cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase arrest in TPC-1 and C643, G2/M phase arrest in 8505C, and mild G2/M phase arrest with increased sub-G0/G1 population in FTC133) and on the levels of TP53, E2F-1, p21CIP1, p27KIP1, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in these cells, suggesting that thyroid tumor cells respond to mortalin depletion in a cell type-specific manner. In these cells, we also determined the efficacy of triphenyl-phosphonium-carboxy-proxyl (Mito-CP) because this mitochondria-targeted metabolism interfering agent exhibited similar tumor suppressive effects as mortalin depletion in MTC cells. Indeed, Mito-CP also induced robust caspase-dependent apoptosis in PTC and ATC cell lines in vitro, exhibiting IC50 lower than PLX4032 in 8505C cells and IC50 lower than vandetanib and cabozantinib in TPC-1 cells. Intriguingly, Mito-CP-induced cell death was partially rescued by mortalin overexpression, suggesting that Mito-CP may inactivate a mechanism that requires mortalin function. These findings support the significance of mortalin and mitochondrial activity in a broad spectrum of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Starenki
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Nadiya Sosonkina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Seung-Keun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Kozioł E, Deniz FSS, Orhan IE, Marcourt L, Budzyńska B, Wolfender JL, Crawford AD, Skalicka-Woźniak K. High-performance counter-current chromatography isolation and initial neuroactivity characterization of furanocoumarin derivatives from Peucedanum alsaticum L (Apiaceae). Phytomedicine 2019; 54:259-264. [PMID: 30668376 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants are a proven source of drug-like small molecules with activity towards targets relevant for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Plant species of the Apiaceae family have to date yielded a number of neuroactive metabolites, such as coumarin derivatives with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity or anti-seizure activity. PURPOSE To accelerate the discovery of neuroactive phytochemicals with potential as CNS drug leads, we sought to rapidly isolate furanocoumarins, primary constituents of the dichloromethane (DCM) extract of the fruits of Peucedanum alsaticum L. (Apiaceae), using high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) and to evaluate their neuroactivity using both in vitro and in vivo microscale bioassays based on cholinesterase ELISAs and zebrafish epilepsy models. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURE In this study the DCM extract was subjected to HPCCC for the efficient separation (60 min) and isolation of furanocoumarins. Isolated compounds were identified with TOF-ESI-MS and NMR techniques and examined as inhibitors of AChE and BChE using ELISA microtiter assays. Anti-seizure properties of the extract and of the isolated compounds were evaluated using a zebrafish epilepsy model based on the GABAA antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which induces increased locomotor activity and seizure-like behavior. RESULTS The solvent system, composed of n-heptane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water (3:1:3:1, v/v/v/v), enabled the isolation of 2.63 mg lucidafuranocoumarin A (purity 98%) and 8.82 mg bergamottin (purity 96%) from 1.6 g crude DCM extract. The crude extract, at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, exhibited a weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (9.63 ± 1.59%) and a moderate inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) (49.41 ± 2.19%). Lucidafuranocoumarin A (100 µg/ml) was inactive against AChE but showed moderate inhibition towards BChE (40.66 ± 1.25%). The DCM extract of P. alsaticum fruits (0.62-1.75 µg/ml) and bergamottin (2-10 µm) exhibited weak anti-seizure activity, while lucidafuranocoumarin A (10-16 µm) was found to significantly inhibit PTZ-induced seizures. The percentage of seizure inhibition for the isolated compounds, at their most bioactive concentration, was 26% for bergamottin and 69% for lucidafuranocoumarin A. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the utility of HPCCC for the rapid isolation of rare coumarin derivatives, and the potential of microscale in vivo bioassays based on zebrafish disease models for the rapid assessment of neuroactivity of these drug-like natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kozioł
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Budzyńska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Shabani N, Razaviyan J, Paryan M, Tavangar SM, Azizi F, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hedayati M. Evaluation of miRNAs expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma tissue samples: miR-34a and miR-144 as promising overexpressed markers in MTC. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:212-21. [PMID: 29885402 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neoplasia derived from neural parafollicular C cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs with essential roles in the biology of cancers such as MTC and can be applied as diagnostic markers. According to previous studies, miR-144 and miR-34 and their two oncogenes target, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), were selected for further investigations in our study. Thirty MTC samples as well as thirty adjacent normal thyroid tissues were applied in this study including 28 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and 2 fresh-frozen MTC samples. RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis were performed for all samples. After primer pairs and probes were designed, real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method was used, and the results were analyzed using 2-ΔΔCt method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to assess the diagnostic value of the two miRNAs. AXL protein level was measured in all clinical samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Both miRNAs were up-regulated in all clinical samples compared to the normal tissues. AXL was up-regulated in most clinical samples while mTOR was down-regulated in most samples. Furthermore, the level of AXL protein increased. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that increased expression of miR-34a and miR-144 in MTC patients had significant predictive value. The results demonstrated that high expression of miR-144 and miR-34a can be considered as biomarkers of MTC. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the expression of these miRNAs and target genes in MTC clinical samples.
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Salem AZM, Khusro A, Elghandour MMY, Olivares-Pérez J, Rojas-Hernandez S, Jiménez-Guillén R. Susceptibility of ruminal bacteria isolated from large and small ruminant to multiple conventional antibiotics. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:93-99. [PMID: 29763726 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal aim of the present context was to isolate diversified group of bacteria from the ruminants and to evaluate their antibiogram pattern against 22 antibiotics of 14 different classes. The bacterial isolates from small and large ruminant (sheep, cattle and calves) were isolated from the rumen based on various colonies morphology, and subjected for preliminary antibiotics susceptibility assay using disc diffusion method. The most sensitive isolates (based on zone of inhibition) were selected for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each antibiotic ranging from 1 to 256 μg/mL. Results revealed the concentration dependent growth inhibitory property of antibiotics a species-specific process. The maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of each antibiotic was further determined using disc diffusion method, and results exhibited that the tolerance nature of ruminal isolates to antibiotics is a species-specific mechanism. Based on the MIC and MTC values of antibiotics, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicilline were observed to be the most potent antibiotics in terms of inhibiting the growth of ruminal isolates. In brief, the findings of the current study showed that despite the overexploitation of antibiotics as additives in the animal's feed, most of the ruminal isolates are sensitive to multiple conventional antibiotics tested. The growth inhibitory trait of antibiotics proves these antimicrobials a propitious agent against the pathogenesis of ruminal isolates in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - Mona M Y Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Saúl Rojas-Hernandez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Régulo Jiménez-Guillén
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Campus Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico
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Minuto M, Varaldo E, Marcocci G, de Santanna A, Ciccone E, Cortese K. ERBB1- and ERBB2-Positive Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020025. [PMID: 29642647 PMCID: PMC6023302 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) are rare thyroid tumors occurring in both sporadic and hereditary forms, whose pathogenesis is related to RET proto-oncogene alterations. MTCs originate from parafollicular cells, which produce calcitonin that represents the biochemical activity of MTC. Total thyroidectomy is the main treatment for MTC and often cures patients with confined diseases. In the presence of metastasis, the therapeutic approach depends on the rate of disease progression. We report a case of a 54-year-old female with a single, incidentally discovered, thyroid nodule of 1 cm, classified as suspicious MTC after a stimulation test with intravenous (iv) calcium. After surgery, we examined the nodule using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. In addition to calcitonin, we found that it expressed intracellular positivity for the tyrosine kinase RTK receptors ERBB1 and ERBB2. Consistently with MTC features, the ultrastructural examination of the tumor displayed heterogeneous spindle-shaped cells containing two groups of secretory granules. Because of the significant correlation found between high ERBB1/ERBB2 levels in MTCs and extrathyroidal growth, the detection of ERBB1 and ERBB2 expression suggests that the two oncoproteins may be involved in the tumor proliferative responses and/or in the differentiation of parafollicular C-cells. The biological, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of these patterns would merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Minuto
- DISC, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, 8, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Varaldo
- DISC, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, 8, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Marcocci
- DISC, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, 8, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Amleto de Santanna
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Ermanno Ciccone
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via Antonio de Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Saltiki K, Anagnostou E, Simeakis G, Kouki S, Angelopoulou A, Sarika L, Papathoma A, Alevizaki M. Familial MTC with RET exon 8 Gly533Cys mutation: origin and prevalence of second malignancy. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:676-684. [PMID: 28951487 PMCID: PMC5655672 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High prevalence of RET p.Gly533Cys (c.1597G > T) has been found in familial MTC in Greece (exon 8 fMTC). We studied their origin and compared clinical characteristics with non-exon 8 fMTC. METHODS 102 fMTC (FMTC and MEN2A) patients (31.4% males) were followed for 2.9-37 years (median 6 years). Fifty-one carried the RET exon 8 mutation; the remaining were non-exon 8 fMTC (exons 10, 11, 13, 14). Pre-, post-operative calcitonin, disease extent at diagnosis and follow-up and families' place of origin were recorded. RESULTS Exon 8 fMTC were older (42.3 ± 13.3 vs 30.8 ± 17.8 years, P < 0.001), including index cases (P = 0.016). In index cases, the stage at diagnosis was more favorable in exon 8 fMTC compared to non-exon 8 fMTC (stage I and II: 65% vs 23.8%, stage III: 25% vs 57.1%, stage IV: 10% vs 19%, P = 0.025). More favorable outcome was noted in exon 8 fMTCs (remission: 72.5% vs 45.8%, stable disease: 27.5% vs 41.7%, progression: 0.0% vs 12.5%, P = 0.001). Exon 8 fMTC patients carried more frequently a second malignancy (25.5% vs 6.3%, P = 0.009); 69% of these were PTCs. Exon 8 fMTC patients were significantly older at diagnosis compared to non-exon 8 moderate-risk RET carriers and presented more favorable clinical outcome (remission: 72.5% vs 50%, stable disease: 27.5% vs 41.7%, progression: 0.0% vs 8.3%, P = 0.021). This difference remained when only index cases were analyzed. 'Hot spots' in the origin of exon 8 fMTCs families were recognized. No phenotype or outcome differences were found between the exon 8 families from the various regions. CONCLUSIONS In exon 8 fMTCs' older age, favorable disease stage at diagnosis and favorable outcome suggest slow disease progression compared to non-exon 8 fMTC. Compared with moderate-risk RET mutation carriers, exon 8 fMTC patients have a more favorable clinical outcome. The higher prevalence of second malignancies, especially PTC, not previously reported, merits further investigation. Increased awareness for inherited disease is required for patients with apparently sporadic MTC originating from recognized 'hot spots', as the age at presentation is usually delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Saltiki
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elli Anagnostou
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Simeakis
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Kouki
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Angelopoulou
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Leda Sarika
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papathoma
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Alevizaki
- Endocrine UnitDepartment of Medical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
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El Naofal M, Kim A, Yon HY, Baity M, Ming Z, Bui-Griffith J, Tang Z, Robinson M, Grubbs EG, Cote GJ, Hu P. Role of CDKN2C Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in the Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2017; 47:523-528. [PMID: 29066476 PMCID: PMC7057027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), an aggressive form of thyroid cancer, occurs sporadically in approximately 75% of MTCs. RET and RAS mutations play a role in about 40% and 15%, respectively, of sporadic MTCs and are predominant drivers in MTC pathways. These mutations are some of the most comprehensively described and screened for in MTC patients; however, in recent studies, other mutations in the CDKN2C gene (p18) have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of MTC. Comparative genomic hybridization analysis revealed that approximately 40% of sporadic MTC samples have loss of CDKN2C at chromosome 1p32 in addition to frequent losses of CDKN2D (p19) at chromosome 19p13. However, no feasible routine method had been established to detect loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of CDKN2C and CD-KN2D The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) to screen MTC patients for CDKN2C and CDKN2D deletions. We subjected 5 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) MTC samples with defined RET/RAS mutations to dual-color FISH assays to detect loss of CDKN2C and/or CDKN2D We prepared spectrum orange probes using the bacterial artificial chromosomes RP11-779F9 for CDKN2C (p18) and RP11-177J4 for CDKN2D (p19) and prepared spectrum green control probes to the 1q25.2 and 19q11 regions (RP11-1146A3 and RP11-942P7, respectively). Nine FFPE normal thyroid tissue samples were used to establish the cutoff values for the FISH signal patterns. Of the five FFPE MTC samples, four and one yielded a positive significant result for CDKNN2C loss and CDKN2D loss, respectively. The results of a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments validation with a CDKN2C/CKS1B probe set for CDKN2C (p18) loss of heterozygosity were 100% concordant with the FISH results obtained in this study. Thus, FISH is a fast and reliable diagnostic or prognostic indicator of gene loss in MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Naofal
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adriel Kim
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Yi Yon
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed Baity
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Ming
- Program in Cytogenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacquelin Bui-Griffith
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Clinical Cytogenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Robinson
- Department of Clinical Cytogenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gilbert J Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Hu
- School of Health Professions Program in Diagnostic Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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van Zijl PCM, Lam WW, Xu J, Knutsson L, Stanisz GJ. Magnetization Transfer Contrast and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI. Features and analysis of the field-dependent saturation spectrum. Neuroimage 2017; 168:222-241. [PMID: 28435103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetization Transfer Contrast (MTC) and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) experiments measure the transfer of magnetization from molecular protons to the solvent water protons, an effect that becomes apparent as an MRI signal loss ("saturation"). This allows molecular information to be accessed with the enhanced sensitivity of MRI. In analogy to Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), these saturation data are presented as a function of the chemical shift of participating proton groups, e.g. OH, NH, NH2, which is called a Z-spectrum. In tissue, these Z-spectra contain the convolution of multiple saturation transfer effects, including nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs) and chemical exchange contributions from protons in semi-solid and mobile macromolecules or tissue metabolites. As a consequence, their appearance depends on the magnetic field strength (B0) and pulse sequence parameters such as B1 strength, pulse shape and length, and interpulse delay, which presents a major problem for quantification and reproducibility of MTC and CEST effects. The use of higher B0 can bring several advantages. In addition to higher detection sensitivity (signal-to-noise ratio, SNR), both MTC and CEST studies benefit from longer water T1 allowing the saturation transferred to water to be retained longer. While MTC studies are non-specific at any field strength, CEST specificity is expected to increase at higher field because of a larger chemical shift dispersion of the resonances of interest (similar to MRS). In addition, shifting to a slower exchange regime at higher B0 facilitates improved detection of the guanidinium protons of creatine and the inherently broad resonances of the amine protons in glutamate and the hydroxyl protons in myoinositol, glycogen, and glucosaminoglycans. Finally, due to the higher mobility of the contributing protons in CEST versus MTC, many new pulse sequences can be designed to more specifically edit for CEST signals and to remove MTC contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Wilfred W Lam
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiadi Xu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Linda Knutsson
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Cardoso-Toset F, Luque I, Carrasco L, Jurado-Martos F, Risalde MÁ, Venteo Á, Infantes-Lorenzo JA, Bezos J, Rueda P, Tapia I, Gortázar C, Domínguez L, Domínguez M, Gomez-Laguna J. Evaluation of five serologic assays for bovine tuberculosis surveillance in domestic free-range pigs from southern Spain. Prev Vet Med 2016; 137:101-104. [PMID: 28089289 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In countries where bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is still prevalent the contact among different animal species in extensive systems contributes to the circulation of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Thus, free-range pigs can develop subclinical infections and may contribute to disease spread to bovine and wildlife. Serodiagnosis has been proposed as a screening tool for detecting infected pig herds; however, the value of this method to obtain an accurate diagnosis in this species is still not clear. In this study, sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) estimates of four ELISAs and a lateral flow immunochromatographic antibody assay based on different M. bovis antigens, including MPB70 and MPB83 proteins, were evaluated in naturally infected domestic free-range pigs. For this purpose, submandibular lymph nodes and blood samples from 217 pigs from both TB-infected and historically negative farms were sampled at slaughterhouse and analysed by gross examination, histopathology, bacteriological culture and qPCR. Se and Sp estimates of the 5 evaluated assays ranged from 66.1% to 78% (CI95 from 52.6 to 87.7%) and from 98.9% to 100% (CI95 from 93.8 to 100%), respectively. Results of our study suggest that all the evaluated assays could be used as a first screening tool to conduct bTB surveillance in domestic pigs at population level; however, animals from seropositive herds should later be surveyed by other methods in order to reduce false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cardoso-Toset
- CICAP-Agrifood Research Centre, Pozoblanco, 14400 Córdoba, Spain; Animal Health Department, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Animal Health Department, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Jurado-Martos
- CICAP-Agrifood Research Centre, Pozoblanco, 14400 Córdoba, Spain; Animal Health Department, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Risalde
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC, (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Venteo
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Calle Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Infantes-Lorenzo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Rueda
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Calle Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Istar Tapia
- Inmunología y Genética Aplicada, S.A. (INGENASA), Calle Hermanos García Noblejas 39, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC, (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Gomez-Laguna
- CICAP-Agrifood Research Centre, Pozoblanco, 14400 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Inglis A, Abraham JS, Johnston PW. Trauma networks and rural trauma. Surgeon 2017; 15:116-7. [PMID: 27720374 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fell S, Bröckl S, Büttner M, Rettinger A, Zimmermann P, Straubinger RK. Two alternative DNA extraction methods to improve the detection of Mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex members in cattle and red deer tissue samples. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:213. [PMID: 27629399 PMCID: PMC5024493 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae, is a notifiable animal disease in Germany. Diagnostic procedure is based on a prescribed protocol that is published in the framework of German bTB legislation. In this protocol small sample volumes are used for DNA extraction followed by real-time PCR analyses. As mycobacteria tend to concentrate in granuloma and the infected tissue in early stages of infection does not necessarily show any visible lesions, it is likely that DNA extraction from only small tissue samples (20–40 mg) of a randomly chosen spot from the organ and following PCR testing may result in false negative results. In this study two DNA extraction methods were developed to process larger sample volumes to increase the detection sensitivity of mycobacterial DNA in animal tissue. The first extraction method is based on magnetic capture, in which specific capture oligonucleotides were utilized. These nucleotides are linked to magnetic particles and capture Mycobacterium-tuberculosis-complex (MTC) DNA released from 10 to 15 g of tissue material. In a second approach remaining sediments from the magnetic capture protocol were further processed with a less complex extraction protocol that can be used in daily routine diagnostics. A total number of 100 tissue samples from 34 cattle (n = 74) and 18 red deer (n = 26) were analyzed with the developed protocols and results were compared to the prescribed protocol. Results All three extraction methods yield reliable results by the real-time PCR analysis. The use of larger sample volume led to a sensitivity increase of DNA detection which was shown by the decrease of Ct-values. Furthermore five samples which were tested negative or questionable by the official extraction protocol were detected positive by real time PCR when the alternative extraction methods were used. By calculating the kappa index, the three extraction protocols resulted in a moderate (0.52; protocol 1 vs 3) to almost perfect agreement (1.00; red deer sample testing with all protocols). Conclusion Both new methods yielded increased detection rates for MTC DNA detection in large sample volumes and consequently improve the official diagnostic protocol. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0816-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Fell
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bröckl
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Anna Rettinger
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Zimmermann
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstr. 2, 85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Reinhard K Straubinger
- Bacteriology and Mycology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
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Grzmil M, Seebacher J, Hess D, Behe M, Schibli R, Moncayo G, Frank S, Hemmings BA. Inhibition of MNK pathways enhances cancer cell response to chemotherapy with temozolomide and targeted radionuclide therapy. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1412-21. [PMID: 27289018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current standard-of-care treatment for malignant cancers includes radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we report increased MAP kinase-interacting kinase (MNK)-regulated phosphorylation of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) in glioma cells upon temozolomide (TMZ) treatment and in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) cells in response to targeted radionuclide therapy. Depletion of MNK activity by using two MNK inhibitors, CGP57380 or cercosporamide, as well as by MNK1-specific knockdown sensitized glioblastoma (GBM) cells and GBM-derived spheres to TMZ. Furthermore, CGP57380 treatment enhanced response of MTC cells to (177)Lu-labeled gastrin analogue. In order to understand how MNK signaling pathways support glioma survival we analyzed putative MNK substrates by quantitative phosphoproteomics in normal condition and in the presence of TMZ. We identified MNK inhibitor-sensitive phosphorylation sites on eIF4G1, mutations of which either influenced eIF4E phosphorylation or glioma cell response to TMZ, pointing to altered regulation of translation initiation as a resistance mechanism. Pharmacological inhibition of overexpressed MNK1 by CGP57380 reduced eIF4E phosphorylation and induced association of inactive MNK1 with eIF4G1. Taken together, our data show an activation of MNK-mediated survival mechanisms in response to either glioma chemotherapy or MTC targeted radiation and suggest that inhibition of MNK activity represents an attractive sensitizing strategy for cancer treatments.
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