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Cai H, Ao Z, Wu Z, Nunez A, Jiang L, Carpenter RL, Nephew KP, Guo F. Profiling Cell–Matrix Adhesion Using Digitalized Acoustic Streaming. Anal Chem 2019; 92:2283-2290. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Asael Nunez
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Richard L. Carpenter
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Kenneth P. Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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Wu X, Bai Z, Wang L, Cui G, Yang M, Yang Q, Ma B, Song Q, Tian D, Ceyssens F, Puers R, Kraft M, Zhao W, Wen L. Magnetic Cell Centrifuge Platform Performance Study with Different Microsieve Pore Geometries. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 20:E48. [PMID: 31861791 PMCID: PMC6983067 DOI: 10.3390/s20010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) plays a crucial role in clinical practice. However, the heterogeneity and rarity of CTCs make their capture and separation from peripheral blood very difficult while maintaining their structural integrity and viability. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of the Magnetic Cell Centrifuge Platform (MCCP), which combined the magnetic-labeling cell separation mechanism with the size-based method. In this paper, a comparison of the effectiveness of different microsieve pore geometries toward MCCP is demonstrated to improve the yield of the target cell capture. Firstly, models of a trapped cell with rectangular and circular pore geometries are presented to compare the contact force using finite element numerical simulations. The device performance is then evaluated with both constant pressure and constant flow rate experimental conditions. In addition, the efficient isolation of magnetically labeled Hela cells with red fluorescent proteins (target cells) from Hela cells with green fluorescent protein (background cells) is validated. The experimental results show that the circular sieves yield 97% purity of the target cells from the sample with a throughput of up to 2 μL/s and 66-fold sample enrichment. This finding will pave the way for the design of a higher efficient MCCP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Zhongyang Bai
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Guangchao Cui
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Mengzheng Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qinglin Song
- Qingdao Goertek Microelectronics Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Dewen Tian
- Qingdao Goertek Microelectronics Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Frederik Ceyssens
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Puers
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Kraft
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Lianggong Wen
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
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Wang Q, Zhao L, Han L, Tuo X, Ma S, Wang Y, Feng X, Liang D, Sun C, Wang Q, Song Q, Li Q. The Discordance of Gene Mutations between Circulating Tumor Cells and Primary/Metastatic Tumor. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 15:21-29. [PMID: 31650022 PMCID: PMC6804648 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important part in the field of "liquid biopsy." However, major questions remain to be answered whether the mutations in the CTCs represent the mutations in primary tumor tissue and metastatic tumors. We compared the genetic mutations between CTCs and their matched tumors, and extracted data on the heterogeneity of the mutational status in CTCs and the change in mutations of CTCs before and during treatment. For mutations detected in single genes, we calculated the concordance of the mutations between the CTCs and primary tumor tissue. For mutations detected in multiple genes, we calculated the concordance of the mutations between the CTCs and primary/metastatic tumor tissue. The heterogeneity of the mutational status is clearly present in CTCs. For mutations detected in a single gene, the overall concordance of mutations is 53.05%. For mutations detected in multiple genes, the concordance of mutations is extremely different. The heterogeneity of the mutational status existed in single CTCs, and the mutational status of CTCs was discordant with that of tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Center for Single-Cell Biology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lanbo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Dongxin Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qing Song
- Center for Single-Cell Biology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Qiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
- Center for Single-Cell Biology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Abstract
Nanotechnology has made remarkable contributions to clinical oncology. Nanotherapeutics and diagnostic tools have distinctive characteristics which allow them superior abilities to deliver therapeutics and imaging agents for radiation oncology. Compared to solid biopsies and imaging, the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offers a more rapid, real-time, and less invasive method to monitor the dynamic molecular profiles of tumors. The potential of CTCs to be translated as a novel cancer biomarker has been demonstrated in numerous clinical studies. This review will discuss clinical applications of nanomaterials in radiation oncology and the implication of CTCs in cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Marsico 2236, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C Tilden Hagan
- UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, 125 Mason Farm Road, Marsico 2120, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joseph Caster
- Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Johnson ES, Xu S, Yu HM, Fang WF, Qin Y, Wu L, Wang J, Zhao M, Schiro PG, Fujimoto B, Chen JL, Chiu DT. Isolating Rare Cells and Circulating Tumor Cells with High Purity by Sequential eDAR. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14605-14610. [PMID: 31646861 PMCID: PMC9847251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood of patients at risk of metastatic cancers is a promising approach to improving cancer treatment. However, CTC isolation is difficult due to low CTC abundance and heterogeneity. Previously, we reported an ensemble-decision aliquot ranking (eDAR) platform for the rare cell and CTC isolation with high throughput, greater than 90% recovery, and high sensitivity, allowing detection of low surface antigen-expressing cells linked to metastasis. Here we demonstrate a sequential eDAR platform capable of isolating rare cells from whole blood with high purity. This improvement in purity is achieved by using a sequential sorting and flow stretching design in which whole blood is sorted and fluid elements are stretched using herringbone features and the parabolic flow profile being sorted a second time. This platform can be used to collect single CTCs in a multiwell plate for downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Shihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Hui-Min Yu
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Feng Fang
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jiasi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Mengxia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Perry G. Schiro
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bryant Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jui-Lin Chen
- MiCareo Inc., Xing-Ai Road Ln. 77 No. 69 5F, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Li W, Wang H, Zhao Z, Gao H, Liu C, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Emerging Nanotechnologies for Liquid Biopsy: The Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells and Extracellular Vesicles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805344. [PMID: 30589111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy enables noninvasive and dynamic analysis of molecular or cellular biomarkers, and therefore holds great potential for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of disease progress and treatment efficacy, understanding of disease mechanisms, and identification of therapeutic targets for drug development. In this review, the recent progress in nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanodevices, and nanosensors for liquid biopsy is summarized, with a focus on the detection and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The developments and advances of nanomaterials and nanostructures in enhancing the sensitivity, specificity, and purity for the detection of CTCs and EVs are discussed. Sensing techniques for signal transduction and amplification as well as visualization strategies are also discussed. New technologies for the reversible release of the isolated CTCs and EVs and for single-CTC/EV analysis are summarized. Emerging microfluidic platforms for the integral on-chip isolation, detection, and molecular analysis are also included. The opportunities, challenges, and prospects of these innovative materials and technologies, especially with regard to their feasibility in clinical applications, are discussed. The applications of nanotechnology-based liquid biopsy will bring new insight into the clinical practice in monitoring and treatment of tumor and other significant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Houqian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changliang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111659. [PMID: 31717773 PMCID: PMC6895979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA and Europe; early symptoms and screenings are lacking, and it is usually diagnosed late with a poor prognosis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been promising new biomarkers in solid tumors. In the last twenty years (1999-2019), 140 articles have contained the key words "Circulating tumor cells, pancreatic cancer, prognosis and diagnosis." Articles were evaluated for the use of CTCs as prognostic markers and their correlation to survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the final selected 17 articles, the CTC detection rate varied greatly between different enrichment methodologies and ranged from 11% to 92%; the majority of studies used the antigen-dependent CellSearch© system for CTC detection. Fifteen of the reviewed studies showed a correlation between CTC presence and a worse overall survival. The heterogeneity of CTC-detection methods and the lack of uniform results hinder a comparison of the evaluated studies. However, CTCs can be detected in pancreatic cancer and harbor a hope to serve as an early detection tool. Larger studies are needed to corroborate CTCs as valid biomarkers in pancreatic cancer.
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Suppan C, Brcic I, Tiran V, Mueller HD, Posch F, Auer M, Ercan E, Ulz P, Cote RJ, Datar RH, Dandachi N, Heitzer E, Balic M. Untargeted Assessment of Tumor Fractions in Plasma for Monitoring and Prognostication from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1171. [PMID: 31416207 PMCID: PMC6721524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic and predictive value of an untargeted assessment of tumor fractions in the plasma of metastatic breast cancer patients and to compare circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with circulating tumor cells (CTC) and conventional tumor markers. In metastatic breast cancer patients (n = 29), tumor fractions in plasma were assessed using the untargeted mFAST-SeqS method from 127 serial blood samples. Resulting z-scores for the ctDNA were compared to tumor fractions established with the recently published ichorCNA algorithm and associated with the clinical outcome. We observed a close correlation between mFAST-SeqS z-scores and ichorCNA ctDNA quantifications. Patients with mFAST-SeqS z-scores above three (34.5%) showed significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.014) and progression-free survival (p = 0.018) compared to patients with lower values. Elevated z-score values were clearly associated with radiologically proven progression. The baseline CTC count, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen (CA)15-5 had no prognostic impact on the outcome of patients in the analyzed cohort. This proof of principle study demonstrates the prognostic impact of ctDNA levels detected with mFAST-SeqS as a very fast and cost-effective means to assess the ctDNA fraction without prior knowledge of the genetic landscape of the tumor. Furthermore, mFAST-SeqS-based ctDNA levels provided an early means of measuring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Suppan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Tiran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hannah D Mueller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Auer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erkan Ercan
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Ulz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Richard J Cote
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ram H Datar
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Nadia Dandachi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Epigenetic and Genetic Cancer Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of Cancer, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Stelcer E, Konkol M, Głȩboka A, Suchorska WM. Liquid Biopsy in Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer-A Biologist's Point of View. Front Oncol 2019; 9:775. [PMID: 31475117 PMCID: PMC6702517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the main cause of cancer-related mortality in males and the diagnosis, treatment, and care of these patients places a great burden on healthcare systems globally. Clinically, PCa is highly heterogeneous, ranging from indolent tumors to highly aggressive disease. In many cases treatment-generally either radiotherapy (RT) or surgery-can be curative. Several key genetic and demographic factors such as age, family history, genetic susceptibility, and race are associated with a high incidence of PCa. While our understanding of PCa, which is mainly based on the tools of molecular biology-has improved dramatically in recent years, efforts to better understand this complex disease have led to the identification of a new type of PCa-oligometastatic PCa. Oligometastatic disease should be considered an individual, heterogeneous entity with distinct metastatic phenotypes and, consequently, wide prognostic variability. In general, patients with oligometastatic disease typically present less biologically aggressive tumors whose metastatic potential is more limited and which are slow-growing. These patients are good candidates for more aggressive treatment approaches. The main aim of the presented review was to evaluate the utility of liquid biopsy for diagnostic purposes in PCa and for use in monitoring disease progression and treatment response, particularly in patients with oligometastatic PCa. Liquid biopsies offer a rapid, non-invasive approach whose use t is expected to play an important role in routine clinical practice to benefit patients. However, more research is needed to resolve the many existing discrepancies with regard to the definition and isolation method for specific biomarkers, as well as the need to determine the most appropriate markers. Consequently, the current priority in this field is to standardize liquid biopsy-based techniques. This review will help to improve understanding of the biology of PCa, particularly the recently defined condition known as "oligometastatic PCa". The presented review of the body of evidence suggests that additional research in molecular biology may help to establish novel treatments for oligometastatic PCa. In the near future, the treatment of PCa will require an interdisciplinary approach involving active cooperation among clinicians, physicians, and biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stelcer
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Konkol
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Radiation Oncology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Wiktoria Maria Suchorska
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Sun Y, Wu G, Cheng KS, Chen A, Neoh KH, Chen S, Tang Z, Lee PF, Dai M, Han RPS. CTC phenotyping for a preoperative assessment of tumor metastasis and overall survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:133-149. [PMID: 31375425 PMCID: PMC6712350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation for surgical resectability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients is not only imaging-based but highly subjective. An objective method is urgently needed. We report on the clinical value of a phenotypic circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based blood test for a preoperative prognostic assessment of tumor metastasis and overall survival (OS) of PDAC patients. METHODS Venous blood samples from 46 pathologically confirmed PDAC patients were collected prospectively before surgery and immunoassayed using a specially designed TU-chip™. Captured CTCs were differentiated into epithelial (E), mesenchymal and hybrid (H) phenotypes. A further 45 non-neoplastic healthy donors provided blood for cell line validation study and CTC false positive quantification. FINDINGS A validated multivariable model consisting of disjunctively combined CTC phenotypes: "H-CTC≥15.0 CTCs/2ml OR E-CTC≥11.0 CTCs/2ml" generated an optimal prediction of metastasis with a sensitivity of 1.000 (95% CI 0.889-1.000) and specificity of 0.886 (95% CI 0.765-0.972). The adjusted Kaplan-Meier median OS constructed using Cox proportional-hazard models and stratified for E-CTC < 11.0 CTCs/2 ml was 16.5 months and for E-CTC ≥ 11.0 CTCs/2 ml was 5.5 months (HR = 0.050, 95% CI 0.004-0.578, P = .016). These OS results were consistent with the outcome of the metastatic analysis. INTERPRETATION Our work suggested that H-CTC is a better predictor of metastasis and E-CTC is a significant independent predictor of OS. The CTC phenotyping model has the potential to be developed into a reliable and accurate blood test for metastatic and OS assessments of PDAC patients. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Program; China Scholarship Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Sun
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangdong Wu
- Dept of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute for Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Dept. of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kok Suen Cheng
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kuang Hong Neoh
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuiyu Chen
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhewen Tang
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Dept. of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Menghua Dai
- Dept. of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Ray P S Han
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine Oncology Research Center, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China..
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63
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Iliescu FS, Poenar DP, Yu F, Ni M, Chan KH, Cima I, Taylor HK, Cima I, Iliescu C. Recent advances in microfluidic methods in cancer liquid biopsy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:041503. [PMID: 31431816 PMCID: PMC6697033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Early cancer detection, its monitoring, and therapeutical prediction are highly valuable, though extremely challenging targets in oncology. Significant progress has been made recently, resulting in a group of devices and techniques that are now capable of successfully detecting, interpreting, and monitoring cancer biomarkers in body fluids. Precise information about malignancies can be obtained from liquid biopsies by isolating and analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids, tumor-derived vesicles or proteins, and metabolites. The current work provides a general overview of the latest on-chip technological developments for cancer liquid biopsy. Current challenges for their translation and their application in various clinical settings are discussed. Microfluidic solutions for each set of biomarkers are compared, and a global overview of the major trends and ongoing research challenges is given. A detailed analysis of the microfluidic isolation of CTCs with recent efforts that aimed at increasing purity and capture efficiency is provided as well. Although CTCs have been the focus of a vast microfluidic research effort as the key element for obtaining relevant information, important clinical insights can also be achieved from alternative biomarkers, such as classical protein biomarkers, exosomes, or circulating-free nucleic acids. Finally, while most work has been devoted to the analysis of blood-based biomarkers, we highlight the less explored potential of urine as an ideal source of molecular cancer biomarkers for point-of-care lab-on-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina S. Iliescu
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore 738964, Singapore
| | - Daniel P. Poenar
- VALENS-Centre for Bio Devices and Signal Analysis, School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Fang Yu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ming Ni
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Technological University, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100105, Ecuador
| | - Kiat Hwa Chan
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | | | - Hayden K. Taylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Igor Cima
- DKFZ-Division of Translational Oncology/Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg and University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
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64
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Loeian MS, Mehdi Aghaei S, Farhadi F, Rai V, Yang HW, Johnson MD, Aqil F, Mandadi M, Rai SN, Panchapakesan B. Liquid biopsy using the nanotube-CTC-chip: capture of invasive CTCs with high purity using preferential adherence in breast cancer patients. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1899-1915. [PMID: 31049504 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00274j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the development of the nanotube-CTC-chip for isolation of tumor-derived epithelial cells (circulating tumor cells, CTCs) from peripheral blood, with high purity, by exploiting the physical mechanisms of preferential adherence of CTCs on a nanotube surface. The nanotube-CTC-chip is a new 76-element microarray technology that combines carbon nanotube surfaces with microarray batch manufacturing techniques for the capture and isolation of tumor-derived epithelial cells. Using a combination of red blood cell (RBC) lysis and preferential adherence, we demonstrate the capture and enrichment of CTCs with a 5-log reduction of contaminating WBCs. EpCAM negative MDA-MB-231/luciferase-2A-green fluorescent protein (GFP) cells were spiked in the blood of wild mice and enriched using an RBC lysis protocol. The enriched samples were then processed using the nanotube-CTC-chip for preferential CTC adherence on the nanosurface and counting the GFP cells yielded anywhere from 89% to 100% capture from the droplets. Electron microscopy (EM) studies showed focal adhesion with filaments from the cell body to the nanotube surface. We compared the nanotube preferential adherence to collagen adhesion matrix (CAM) scaffolding, reported as a viable strategy for CTC capture in patients. The CAM scaffolding on the device surface yielded 50% adherence with 100% tracking of cancer cells (adhered vs. non-adhered) versus carbon nanotubes with >90% adherence and 100% tracking for the same protocol. The nanotube-CTC-chip successfully captured CTCs in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients (stage 1-4) with a range of 4-238 CTCs per 8.5 ml blood or 0.5-28 CTCs per ml. CTCs (based on CK8/18, Her2, EGFR) were successfully identified in 7/7 breast cancer patients, and no CTCs were captured in healthy controls (n = 2). CTC enumeration based on multiple markers using the nanotube-CTC-chip enables dynamic views of metastatic progression and could potentially have predictive capabilities for diagnosis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud S Loeian
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
| | - Sadegh Mehdi Aghaei
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
| | - Farzaneh Farhadi
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
| | - Veeresh Rai
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
| | - Hong Wei Yang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UMass Memorial Healthcare, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UMass Memorial Healthcare, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Farrukh Aqil
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mounika Mandadi
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Shesh N Rai
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Balaji Panchapakesan
- Small Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA.
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Chen K, Dopico P, Varillas J, Zhang J, George TJ, Fan ZH. Integration of Lateral Filter Arrays with Immunoaffinity for Circulating-Tumor-Cell Isolation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7606-7610. [PMID: 30958635 PMCID: PMC6534423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important biomarker for cancer prognosis and treatment monitoring. However, the heterogeneity of the physical and biological properties of CTCs limits the efficiency of various approaches used to isolate small numbers of CTCs from billions of normal blood cells. To address this challenge, we developed a lateral filter array microfluidic (LFAM) device to integrate size-based separation with immunoaffinity-based CTC isolation. The LFAM device consists of a serpentine main channel, through which most of a sample passes, and an array of lateral filters for CTC isolation. The unique device design produces a two-dimensional flow, which reduces nonspecific, geometric capture of normal cells as typically observed in vertical filters. The LFAM device was further functionalized by immobilizing antibodies that are specific to the target cells. The resulting devices captured pancreatic cancer cells spiked in blood samples with (98.7±1.2) % efficiency and were used to isolate CTCs from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Pablo Dopico
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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66
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Multi-targeting magnetic hyaluronan capsules efficiently capturing circulating tumor cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 545:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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67
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Zhao W, Liu Y, Jenkins BD, Cheng R, Harris BN, Zhang W, Xie J, Murrow JR, Hodgson J, Egan M, Bankey A, Nikolinakos PG, Ali HY, Meichner K, Newman LA, Davis MB, Mao L. Tumor antigen-independent and cell size variation-inclusive enrichment of viable circulating tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1860-1876. [PMID: 31041975 PMCID: PMC6590080 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood provides a minimally-invasive alternative for basic understanding, diagnosis, and prognosis of metastatic cancer. The roles and clinical values of CTCs are under intensive investigation, yet most studies are limited by technical challenges in the comprehensive enrichment of intact and viable CTCs with minimal white blood cell (WBC) contamination. Here, we report a novel method based on contrast of cell magnetization in biocompatible ferrofluids (a colloidal magnetic nanoparticle suspension), termed as integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (iFCS), that enriches CTCs in a tumor antigen-independent and cell size variation-inclusive manner, achieves a high throughput (12 mL h-1), high recovery rate (99.08% at down to ∼10 cells per mL spike ratio), and low WBC contamination (533 cells for every one milliliter blood processed) and is biocompatible. This method will enable large cohort research to define the clinical and diagnostic value of CTC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Rui Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bryana N. Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Murrow
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University-The University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie Hodgson
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA, 30607
| | - Mary Egan
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA, 30607
| | - Ana Bankey
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA, 30607
| | | | - Haythem Y. Ali
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lisa A. Newman
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Genetics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System and Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Chen K, Dopico P, Varillas J, Zhang J, George TJ, Fan ZH. Integration of Lateral Filter Arrays with Immunoaffinity for Circulating‐Tumor‐Cell Isolation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Pablo Dopico
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Thomas J. George
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Z. Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG)Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of Florida P.O. BOX 116250 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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69
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Wang Z, Xu D, Wang X, Jin Y, Huo B, Wang Y, He C, Fu X, Lu N. Size-matching hierarchical micropillar arrays for detecting circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients' whole blood. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6677-6684. [PMID: 30899928 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00173e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important markers for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but it is still a challenge to recognize and isolate CTCs because they are very rare in the blood. To selectively recognize CTCs and improve the capture efficiency, micro/nanostructured substrates have been fabricated for this application; however the size of CTCs is often ignored in designing and engineering micro/nanostructured substrates. Herein, a spiky polymer micropillar array is fabricated for capturing CTCs with high efficiency. The surface of the micropillar is cactus-like, and is composed of nanospikes. This hierarchical polymer array is designed according to the size of CTCs, which allows for more interactions of the CTCs with the array by setting the size of gaps among the micropillars to match with the CTCs. This polymer array is created by molding on an ordered silicon array, and then it is coated with an antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody (anti-EpCAM). After co-culture with MCF-7 cells for 45 min, the capture efficiency of this array for CTCs is up to 91% ± 2%. Moreover, the anti-EpCAM modified polymer micropillar arrays present an excellent capacity to isolate CTCs from the whole blood samples of breast cancer patients. This study may provide a new concept for capturing target cells by designing and engineering micro/nanostructured substrates according to the size of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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70
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Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a central role in tumor dissemination and metastases, which are ultimately responsible for most cancer deaths. Technologies that allow for identification and enumeration of rare CTC from cancer patients' blood have already established CTC as an important clinical biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Indeed, current efforts to robustly characterize CTC as well as the associated cells of the tumor microenvironment such as circulating cancer associated fibroblasts (cCAF), are poised to unmask key insights into the metastatic process. Ultimately, the clinical utility of CTC will be fully realized once CTC can be reliably cultured and proliferated as a biospecimen for precision management of cancer patients, and for discovery of novel therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the latest CTC capture and analyses technologies, and discuss in vitro strategies for culturing and propagating CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agarwal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Marija Balic
- Associate Professor, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Associate Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota
| | - Richard J. Cote
- Professor and Joseph R. Coulter Jr. Chair, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Director, John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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71
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Cho H, Kim J, Song H, Sohn KY, Jeon M, Han KH. Microfluidic technologies for circulating tumor cell isolation. Analyst 2019; 143:2936-2970. [PMID: 29796523 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of tumor-related death, and the dispersal of tumor cells through the circulatory system is a critical step in the metastatic process. Early detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is therefore important for early diagnosis, prognosis, and effective treatment of cancer, enabling favorable clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Accurate and reliable methods for isolating and detecting CTCs are necessary to obtain this clinical information. Over the past two decades, microfluidic technologies have demonstrated great potential for isolating and detecting CTCs from blood. The present paper reviews current advanced microfluidic technologies for isolating CTCs based on various biological and physical principles, and discusses their fundamental advantages and drawbacks for subsequent cellular and molecular assays. Owing to significant genetic heterogeneity among CTCs, microfluidic technologies for isolating individual CTCs have recently been developed. We discuss these single-cell isolation methods, as well as approaches to overcoming the limitations of current microfluidic CTC isolation technologies. Finally, we provide an overview of future innovative microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungseok Cho
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Republic of Korea.
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72
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Alimirzaie S, Bagherzadeh M, Akbari MR. Liquid biopsy in breast cancer: A comprehensive review. Clin Genet 2019; 95:643-660. [PMID: 30671931 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Due to its complexity in nature, effective breast cancer treatment can encounter many challenges. Traditional methods of cancer detection such as tissue biopsy are not comprehensive enough to capture the entire genomic landscape of breast tumors. However, with the introduction of novel techniques, the application of liquid biopsy has been enhanced, enabling the improvement of various aspects of breast cancer management including early diagnosis and screening, prediction of prognosis, early detection of relapse, serial sampling and efficient longitudinal monitoring of disease progress and response to treatment. Various components of tumor cells released into the blood circulation can be analyzed in liquid biopsy sampling, some of which include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free RNA, tumor-educated platelets and exosomes. These components can be utilized for different purposes. As an example, ctDNA can be sequenced for genetic profiling of the tumors to enhance individualized treatment and longitudinal screening. CTC plasma count analysis or ctDNA detection after curative tumor resection surgery could facilitate early detection of minimal residual disease, aiding in the initiation of adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrence. Furthermore, CTC plasma count can be assessed to determine the stage and prognosis of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the various components of liquid biopsy used in breast cancer diagnosis and will expand on aspects that require further focus in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Alimirzaie
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Bagherzadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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73
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Dalili A, Samiei E, Hoorfar M. A review of sorting, separation and isolation of cells and microbeads for biomedical applications: microfluidic approaches. Analyst 2019; 144:87-113. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reviewed the microfluidic approaches for cell/particle isolation and sorting, and extensively explained the mechanism behind each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- University of Victoria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Victoria
- Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- The University of British
- School of Engineering
- Kelowna
- Canada V1 V 1 V7
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74
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Shen Q, Yang H, Peng C, Zhu H, Mei J, Huang S, Chen B, Liu J, Wu W, Cao S. Capture and biological release of circulating tumor cells in pancreatic cancer based on peptide-functionalized silicon nanowire substrate. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 14:205-214. [PMID: 30636873 PMCID: PMC6307685 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s187892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient and precise circulating tumor cells' (CTCs) capture and release with minimal effect on cell viability for CTCs' analysis are general requirements of CTCs' detection device in clinical application. However, these two essential factors are difficult to be achieved simultaneously. Methods In order to reach the aforementioned goal, we integrated multiple strategies and technologies of staggered herringbone structure, nanowires' substrate, peptides, enzymatic release, specific cell staining, and gene sequencing into microfluidic device and the sandwich structure peptide-silicon nanowires' substrate was termed as Pe-SiNWS. Results The Pe-SiNWS demonstrated excellent capture efficiency (95.6%) and high release efficiency (92.6%). The good purity (28.5%) and cell viability (93.5%) of CTCs could be obtained through specific capture and biological release by using Pe-SiNWS. The good purity of CTCs facilitated precise and quick biological analysis, and five types of KRAS mutation were detected in 16 pancreatic cancer patients but not in healthy donors. Conclusion The results proved that the effective capture, minor damage release, and precise analysis of CTCs could be realized simultaneously by our novel strategy. The successful clinical application indicated that our work was anticipated to open up new opportunities for the design of CTC microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, .,Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,
| | - Caixia Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhanper, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Mei
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Bin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,
| | - Shaokui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,
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75
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Tellez-Gabriel M, Cochonneau D, Cadé M, Jubellin C, Heymann MF, Heymann D. Circulating Tumor Cell-Derived Pre-Clinical Models for Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010019. [PMID: 30586936 PMCID: PMC6356998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main cause of death from cancer is associated with the development of metastases, resulting from the inability of current therapies to cure patients at metastatic stages. Generating preclinical models to better characterize the evolution of the disease is thus of utmost importance, in order to implement effective new cancer biomarkers and therapies. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are good candidates for generating preclinical models, making it possible to follow up the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of tumor tissues. This method is a non-invasive liquid biopsy that can be obtained at any stage of the disease. It partially summarizes the molecular heterogeneity of the corresponding tumors at a given time. Here, we discuss the CTC-derived models that have been generated so far, from simplified 2D cultures to the most complex CTC-derived explants (CDX models). We highlight the challenges and strengths of these preclinical tools, as well as some of the recent studies published using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tellez-Gabriel
- RNA and Molecular Pathology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, The Artic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Denis Cochonneau
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
| | - Marie Cadé
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Camille Jubellin
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
| | - Dominique Heymann
- LabCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, CRCINA, Université d'Angers, 44805 Saint Herblain CEDEX, France.
- INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", University of Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France.
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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Luo W, Rao M, Qu J, Luo D. Applications of liquid biopsy in lung cancer-diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and disease monitoring. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3911-3923. [PMID: 30662639 PMCID: PMC6325529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in both the developing and developed countries, which has an unoptimistic outcome. As a result of high rates in mortality and considerable difficulties in treatment, early detection of lung cancer is thought as one of the potential solutions for this stigma. Tissue biopsy has been widely used for cancer diagnosis, but the invasive nature limits their application, especially when repeated biopsies are needed. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive procedure aiming to primarily analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and/or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for diagnosing and profiling cancer, has gained interest from oncologists and basic researchers. A great number of achievements in the field of liquid biopsy has been developed, thus liquid biopsy is more feasible in clinical practice than before. More importantly, liquid biopsy is being used, in addition to the diagnosis of lung cancer, to predict prognosis according to genetic alterations and monitor disease based on signature molecular markers. In this review, we briefly summarize techniques in liquid biopsy and focus on its applications in disease diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and condition monitoring of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Luo
- Southern Medical University, Chenzhou Center for Clinical Pathological Laboratory, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People’s Hospital of ChenzhouChenzhou 432000, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South ChinaChenzhou 432000, China
| | - Mingliang Rao
- Southern Medical University, Chenzhou Center for Clinical Pathological Laboratory, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People’s Hospital of ChenzhouChenzhou 432000, China
| | - Jiayao Qu
- Southern Medical University, Chenzhou Center for Clinical Pathological Laboratory, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People’s Hospital of ChenzhouChenzhou 432000, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South ChinaChenzhou 432000, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Southern Medical University, Chenzhou Center for Clinical Pathological Laboratory, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-through Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People’s Hospital of ChenzhouChenzhou 432000, China
- Translational Medicine Institute, Affiliated The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South ChinaChenzhou 432000, China
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77
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Karthick S, Pradeep PN, Kanchana P, Sen AK. Acoustic impedance-based size-independent isolation of circulating tumour cells from blood using acoustophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3802-3813. [PMID: 30402651 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Label-free isolation of CTCs from blood is critical for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools for cancer. Here, we report a label-free method based on acoustic impedance contrast for the isolation of CTCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a microchannel using acoustophoresis. We describe a method in which the acoustophoretic migration of PBMCs is arrested by matching their acoustic impedance with that of the sample medium, and CTCs that have different acoustic impedance compared to PBMCs migrate toward the pressure node or antinode and thus become isolated. We show that acoustic streaming which can adversely affect the CTC isolation is suppressed owing to the inhomogeneous liquid flow configuration. We establish a method for isolation of CTCs that have higher or lower acoustic impedance compared to PBMCs by controlling the acoustic impedance contrast of the liquids across the channel. Applying this method, we demonstrate label-free isolation of HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells from PBMCs (collected from 2.0 mL of blood) within one hour yielding a recovery of >86% and >50-fold enrichment. Combined impedance and size-based sorting is proposed as a promising tool for the effective isolation of CTCs from blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karthick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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78
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Shashni B, Matsuura H, Saito R, Hirata T, Ariyasu S, Nomura K, Takemura H, Akimoto K, Aikawa N, Yasumori A, Aoki S. Simple and Convenient Method for the Isolation, Culture, and Re-collection of Cancer Cells from Blood by Using Glass-Bead Filters. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:438-452. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babita Shashni
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Matsuura
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Nijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Riku Saito
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Nijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takuma Hirata
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Nijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Ariyasu
- Center for Technologies against Cancer, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Nomura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Medical Science-Engineering Corporation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Akimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Medical Science-Engineering Corporation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aikawa
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Nijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- Center for Technologies against Cancer, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Medical Science-Engineering Corporation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yasumori
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Nijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Center for Technologies against Cancer, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Medical Science-Engineering Corporation, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Imaging Frontier Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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79
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Tang C, Zhu P, Li S, Makarova OV, Amstutz PT, Adams DL. Blood-based biopsies-clinical utility beyond circulating tumor cells. Cytometry A 2018; 93:1246-1250. [PMID: 30369050 PMCID: PMC6370292 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cells, as well as a number of circulating cancer stromal cells (CStCs) are known to shed into the blood of cancer patients. Individually, and together, these cells provide biological and clinical information about the cancers. Filtration is a method used to isolate all of these cells, while eliminating red and white blood cells from whole peripheral blood. We have previously shown that accurate identification of these cell types is paramount to proper clinical assessment by describing the overlapping phenotypes of CTCs to one such CStC, the cancer-associated macrophage-like cell (CAML). We report that CAMLs possess a number of parallel applications to CTCs but have a broader range of clinical utility, including cancer screening, companion diagnostics, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring of treatment response, and detection of recurrence. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
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80
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Riaz IB, Wang L, Kohli M. Liquid biopsy approach in the management of prostate cancer. Transl Res 2018; 201:60-70. [PMID: 29936077 PMCID: PMC6631037 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies examine tumor cells or tumor genomic content in circulating fluids. In advanced prostate cancer which metastasizes frequently to the bone, it is difficult to evaluate underlying and evolving genomic heterogeneity of skeletal metastases for effecting clinical care for which reason liquid biopsies offer an alternate approach. In this review, we will summarize the current state of a wide variety of liquid biopsy-based biomarker assays currently being investigated and developed for managing prostate cancer. We will also highlight technical and clinical challenges and opportunities for translating liquid biopsies into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irbaz Bin Riaz
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology and MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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81
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Nanou A, Crespo M, Flohr P, De Bono JS, Terstappen LWMM. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E416. [PMID: 30384500 PMCID: PMC6266016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore morphological features of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tdEVs), we developed a protocol for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of CTCs and tdEVs. CTCs and tdEVs were isolated by immunomagnetic enrichment based on their Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) expression or by physical separation through 5 μm microsieves from 7.5 mL of blood from Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) patients. Protocols were optimized using blood samples of healthy donors spiked with PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. CTCs and tdEVs were identified among the enriched cells by fluorescence microscopy. The positions of DNA+, CK+, CD45- CTCs and DNA-, CK+, CD45- tdEVs on the CellSearch cartridges and microsieves were recorded. After gradual dehydration and chemical drying, the regions of interest were imaged by SEM. CellSearch CTCs retained their morphology revealing various shapes, some of which were clearly associated with CTCs undergoing apoptosis. The ferrofluid was clearly distinguishable, shielding major portions of all isolated objects. CTCs and leukocytes on microsieves were clearly visible, but revealed physical damage attributed to the physical forces that cells exhibit while entering one or multiple pores. tdEVs could not be identified on the microsieves as they passed through the pores. Insights on the underlying mechanism of each isolation technique could be obtained. Complete detailed morphological characteristics of CTCs are, however, masked by both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Nanou
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Mateus Crespo
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Penny Flohr
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Johann S De Bono
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy Group, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands.
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82
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Chen H, Zhang Z. An Inertia-Deformability Hybrid Circulating Tumor Cell Chip: Design, Clinical Test, and Numerical Analysis. J Med Device 2018. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with microfluidic chips hold significance in cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and anti-cancer treatment. The counting of CTCs provides potential tools to evaluate cancer stages as well as treatment progress. However, facing the challenge of rareness in blood, the precise enumeration of CTCs is challenging. In the present research, we designed an inertial-deformability hybrid microfluidic chip using a long spiral channel with trapezoid-circular pillars and a capture zone. To clinically validate the device, the microfluidic chip has been tested for the whole blood and lysed blood with a small number of CTCs (colorectal and nonsmall-cell lung cancer) spiked in. The capture efficiency reaches over 90% for three types of cancer cell lines at the flow rate of 1.5 mL/h. Following numerical modeling was conducted to explain the working principle and working condition (Reynolds number below 10 and Dean number around 1). This design extended the effective capture length, improved the capture efficiency, and made the CTC enumeration much easier. We believe that this hybrid chip is promising clinically in the CTCs enumeration, evaluation of cancer therapy, and pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
- Division of Nanobionic Research, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Mem. ASME Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802 e-mails:
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83
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Landwehr GM, Kristof AJ, Rahman SM, Pettigrew JH, Coates R, Balhoff JB, Triantafillu UL, Kim Y, Melvin AT. Biophysical analysis of fluid shear stress induced cellular deformation in a microfluidic device. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:054109. [PMID: 30364235 PMCID: PMC6192794 DOI: 10.1063/1.5063824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Even though the majority of breast cancers respond well to primary therapy, a large percentage of patients relapse with metastatic disease, for which there is no treatment. In metastasis, a tumor sheds a small number of cancerous cells, termed circulating tumor cells (CTCs), into the local vasculature, from where they spread throughout the body to form new tumors. As CTCs move through the circulatory system, they experience physiological forces not present in the initial tumor environment, namely, fluid shear stress (FSS). Evidence suggests that CTCs respond to FSS by adopting a more aggressive phenotype; however, to date single-cell morphological changes have not been quantified to support this observation. Furthermore, the methodology of previous studies involves inducing FSS by flowing cells through the tubing, which lacks a precise and tunable control of FSS. Here, a microfluidic approach is used for isolating and characterizing the biophysical response of single breast cancer cells to conditions experienced in the circulatory system during metastasis. To evaluate the single-cell response of multiple breast cancer types, two model circulating tumor cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7, were challenged with FSS at precise magnitudes and durations. As expected, both MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells exhibited greater deformability due to increasing duration and magnitudes of FSS. However, wide variations in single-cell responses were observed. MCF7 cells were found to rapidly deform but reach a threshold value after 5 min of FSS, while MDA-MB-231 cells were observed to deform at a slower rate but with a larger threshold of deformation. This behavioral diversity suggests the presence of distinct cell subpopulations with different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M. Landwehr
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Andrew J. Kristof
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, USA
| | - Sharif M. Rahman
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jacob H. Pettigrew
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Rachael Coates
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Joseph B. Balhoff
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ursula L. Triantafillu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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84
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Li R, Cui H, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wei Y, Zhou F, Liu W, Dong W, Zhao X, Guo S. The Overall Release of Circulating Tumor Cells by Using Temperature Control and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Enzyme on Gelatin Film. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:910-916. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Heng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yongchang Wei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenfei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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85
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Kapeleris J, Kulasinghe A, Warkiani ME, Vela I, Kenny L, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. The Prognostic Role of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:311. [PMID: 30155443 PMCID: PMC6102369 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer affects over 1. 8 million people worldwide and is the leading cause of cancer related mortality globally. Currently, diagnosis of lung cancer involves a combination of imaging and invasive biopsies to confirm histopathology. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques under investigation include "liquid biopsies" through a simple blood draw to develop predictive and prognostic biomarkers. A better understanding of circulating tumor cell (CTC) dissemination mechanisms offers promising potential for the development of techniques to assist in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Enumeration and characterization of CTCs has the potential to act as a prognostic biomarker and to identify novel drug targets for a precision medicine approach to lung cancer care. This review will focus on the current status of CTCs and their potential diagnostic and prognostic utility in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Majid E. Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ian Vela
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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86
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Khetani S, Mohammadi M, Nezhad AS. Filter-based isolation, enrichment, and characterization of circulating tumor cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2504-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Khetani
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
| | - Amir Sanati Nezhad
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory; University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary; Calgary Canada
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87
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Ren X, Foster BM, Ghassemi P, Strobl JS, Kerr BA, Agah M. Entrapment of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells with a Sequential Size-Based Microfluidic Chip. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7526-7534. [PMID: 29790741 PMCID: PMC6830444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are broadly accepted as an indicator for early cancer diagnosis and disease severity. However, there is currently no reliable method available to capture and enumerate all CTCs as most systems require either an initial CTC isolation or antibody-based capture for CTC enumeration. Many size-based CTC detection and isolation microfluidic platforms have been presented in the past few years. Here we describe a new size-based, multiple-row cancer cell entrapment device that captured LNCaP-C4-2 prostate cancer cells with >95% efficiency when in spiked mouse whole blood at ∼50 cells/mL. The capture ratio and capture limit on each row was optimized and it was determined that trapping chambers with five or six rows of micro constriction channels were needed to attain a capture ratio >95%. The device was operated under a constant pressure mode at the inlet for blood samples which created a uniform pressure differential across all the microchannels in this array. When the cancer cells deformed in the constriction channel, the blood flow temporarily slowed down. Once inside the trapping chamber, the cancer cells recovered their original shape after the deformation created by their passage through the constriction channel. The CTCs reached the cavity region of the trapping chamber, such that the blood flow in the constriction channel resumed. On the basis of this principle, the CTCs will be captured by this high-throughput entrapment chip (CTC-HTECH), thus confirming the potential for our CTC-HTECH to be used for early stage CTC enrichment and entrapment for clinical diagnosis using liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Brittni M. Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Parham Ghassemi
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jeannine S. Strobl
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Masoud Agah
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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88
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Yadav DK, Bai X, Yadav RK, Singh A, Li G, Ma T, Chen W, Liang T. Liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer: the beginning of a new era. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26900-26933. [PMID: 29928492 PMCID: PMC6003564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With dismal survival rate pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive and devastating malignancy. Predominantly, due to the absence of a dependable methodology for early identification and limited therapeutic options for advanced disease. However, it takes over 17 years to develop pancreatic cancer from initiation of mutation to metastatic cancer; therefore, if diagnosed early; it may increase overall survival dramatically, thus, providing a window of opportunity for early detection. Recently, genomic expression analysis defined 4 subtypes of pancreatic cancer based on mutated genes. Hence, we need simple and standard, minimally invasive test that can monitor those altered genes or their associated pathways in time for the success of precision medicine, and liquid biopsy seems to be one answer to all these questions. Again, liquid biopsy has an ability to pair with genomic tests. Additionally, liquid biopsy based development of circulating tumor cells derived xenografts, 3D organoids system, real-time monitoring of genetic mutations by circulating tumor DNA and exosome as the targeted drug delivery vehicle holds lots of potential for the treatment and cure of pancreatic cancer. At present, diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is frantically done on the premise of CA19-9 and radiological features only, which doesn't give a picture of genetic mutations and epigenetic alteration involved. In this manner, the current diagnostic paradigm for pancreatic cancer diagnosis experiences low diagnostic accuracy. This review article discusses the current state of liquid biopsy in pancreatic cancer as diagnostic and therapeutic tools and future perspectives of research in the light of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Gandaki Medical College, Tribhuwan University, Institute of Medicine, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
| | - Alina Singh
- Department of Surgery, Bir Hospital, National Academy of Medical Science, Kanti Path, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Guogang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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89
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Nasrazadani A, Thomas RA, Oesterreich S, Lee AV. Precision Medicine in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:144. [PMID: 29780747 PMCID: PMC5945817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, breast cancer has become largely manageable due to successes with hormone receptor targeting. Hormone receptor-positive tumors have favorable outcomes in comparison to estrogen receptor (ESR1, ER)/progesterone receptor-negative tumors given the targetable nature of these tumors, as well as their inherently less aggressive character. Nonetheless, treatment resistance is frequently encountered due to a variety of mechanisms, including ESR1 mutations and loss of ER expression. A new era of precision medicine utilizes a range of methodologies to allow real-time analysis of individual genomic signatures in metastases and liquid biopsies with the goal of finding clinically actionable targets. Preliminary studies have shown improved progression-free survival and overall survival with implementation of this information for clinical decision making. In this review, we will discuss the opportunities and challenges in integrating precision medicine through next-generation genomic sequencing into the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Nasrazadani
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Roby A Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Women's Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Women's Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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90
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Logun M, Zhao W, Mao L, Karumbaiah L. Microfluidics in Malignant Glioma Research and Precision Medicine. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 2:1700221. [PMID: 29780878 PMCID: PMC5959050 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer that has no effective treatments and a prognosis of only 12-15 months. Microfluidic technologies deliver microscale control of fluids and cells, and have aided cancer therapy as point-of-care devices for the diagnosis of breast and prostate cancers. However, a few microfluidic devices are developed to study malignant glioma. The ability of these platforms to accurately replicate the complex microenvironmental and extracellular conditions prevailing in the brain and facilitate the measurement of biological phenomena with high resolution and in a high-throughput manner could prove useful for studying glioma progression. These attributes, coupled with their relatively simple fabrication process, make them attractive for use as point-of-care diagnostic devices for detection and treatment of GBM. Here, the current issues that plague GBM research and treatment, as well as the current state of the art in glioma detection and therapy, are reviewed. Finally, opportunities are identified for implementing microfluidic technologies into research and diagnostics to facilitate the rapid detection and better therapeutic targeting of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Logun
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, University of Georgia, 425 River Road, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
| | - Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, University of Georgia, 425 River Road, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
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91
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Noninvasive Detection of High Grade Prostate Cancer by DNA Methylation Analysis of Urine Cells Captured by Microfiltration. J Urol 2018; 200:749-757. [PMID: 29702096 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the aim of developing a noninvasive test to detect clinically significant prostate cancer we investigated the potential of capturing cells from urine by microfiltration coupled with analysis of DNA methylation biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study urine from men suspected of having prostate cancer who were scheduled for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate was collected before digital rectal examination in 99, after digital rectal examination in 58 and from a urethral catheter in 7. Cells were isolated from whole volume voided urine using a filtration device containing a membrane filter with a pore size of 8 μm. Ten additional men provided 4 or 5 urine cell samples by self-collection prior to biopsy. Cellular DNA was analyzed for 5 methylation biomarkers using ddPCR™ (droplet digital polymerase chain reaction). RESULTS Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 117 patients (71%). Across all tumor grades the sensitivity of urine DNA testing was 81% and 60% in samples obtained before and after digital rectal examination, respectively. In a prediction model including prostate specific antigen, patient age and the result of urine DNA analysis to detect high grade disease (Gleason score 7 or greater) an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-1.00) was obtained for post-digital rectal examination samples. Analysis of repeat samples demonstrated substantial intraindividual variation in the shedding of cancerous cells in urine. CONCLUSIONS Capturing cells from urine by microfiltration provides a novel tool to detect prostate cancer noninvasively with high sensitivity for high grade disease. Repeat sampling may increase sensitivity, particularly when urine is obtained without prior physical manipulation of the prostate.
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92
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Pang K, Xie C, Yang Z, Suo Y, Zhu X, Wei D, Weng X, Wei X, Gu Z. Monitoring circulating prostate cancer cells by in vivo flow cytometry assesses androgen deprivation therapy on metastasis. Cytometry A 2018; 93:517-524. [PMID: 29683554 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It remains controversial whether surgical castration prolongs survival rate and improves therapy prospects in patients suffering from prostate cancer. We used PC3 cell line to establish prostate tumor models. In vivo flow cytometry and ultrasonic imaging were used to monitor the process of prostate cancer growth, development and metastasis. We found out that the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in orthotopic tumor model was higher than that in subcutaneous tumor model. The CTC number in orthotopic tumor model was due to burst growth, while CTC number in subcutaneous tumor model showed a gradual increase with tumor size. After androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) through testicular extraction, we constructed GFP-PC3 subcutaneous tumor models and orthotopic tumor models. We found dramatically decreased CTC number, relieved symptoms caused by the tumor, and significantly prolonged survival time after testicular extraction in orthotopically transplanted prostate tumor model, while the carcinogenesis process and metastases were little influenced by ADT in subcutaneous tumor model. ADT treatment can restrict tumor growth, decrease the CTC number significantly and inhibit distant invasion through inhibition of tumor proliferation and tumor angiogenesis in orthotopical prostate tumor model. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chengying Xie
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhangru Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Radiation Oncology Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanzhen Suo
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dan Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaofu Weng
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Road, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhengqin Gu
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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93
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Chen Y, Mao P, Snijders AM, Wang D. Senescence chips for ultrahigh-throughput isolation and removal of senescent cells. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12722. [PMID: 29336105 PMCID: PMC5847876 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays an important role in organismal aging and age-related diseases. However, it is challenging to isolate low numbers of senescent cells from small volumes of biofluids for downstream analysis. Furthermore, there is no technology that could selectively remove senescent cells in a high-throughput manner. In this work, we developed a novel microfluidic chip platform, termed senescence chip, for ultrahigh-throughput isolation and removal of senescent cells. The core component of our senescence chip is a slanted and tunable 3D micropillar array with a variety of shutters in the vertical direction for rapid cell sieving, taking advantage of the characteristic cell size increase during cellular senescence. The 3D configuration achieves high throughput, high recovery rate, and device robustness with minimum clogging. We demonstrated proof-of-principle applications in isolation and enumeration of senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from undiluted human whole blood, and senescent cells from mouse bone marrow after total body irradiation, with the single-cell resolution. After scale-up to a multilayer and multichannel structure, our senescence chip achieved ultrahigh-throughput removal of senescent cells from human whole blood with an efficiency of over 70% at a flow rate of 300 ml/hr. Sensitivity and specificity of our senescence chips could be augmented with implementation of multiscale size separation, and identification of background white blood cells using their cell surface markers such as CD45. With the advantages of high throughput, robustness, and simplicity, our senescence chips may find wide applications and contribute to diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pan Mao
- Newomics Inc.EmeryvilleCAUSA
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94
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Wu G, Zhu R, Li Y, Zhao Y, Dai M. Prognostic significance of circulating tumor microemboli in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7376-7382. [PMID: 29725451 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still unknown. Thus, the present study used a epithelial cellular adhesion molecule independent subtraction and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SET-iFISH) platform to enumerate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTMs in a total of 86 peripheral blood samples from 19 patients with PDAC. The associations between CTCs and CTMs with clinicopathologic factors and prognoses were analyzed. Prior to treatment, CTCs were detected in all 19 patients, and CTMs were detected in 4 patients with different tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. A total of 85 of the 86 peripheral blood samples had cytokeratin 18-negative CTCs. The number of CTCs and CTMs were significantly associated with tumor size and vascular invasion. Patients with CTMs had poorer overall survival and disease-free survival when compared with those without CTMs (7.3 vs. 25.40 months, P=0.001; and 1.80 vs. 18.97 months, P=0.037). The presence of CTMs in the peripheral blood prior to surgery was predictive of poor prognosis in PDAC patients. CTMs could be detected in patients of different TNM stage (II, III and IV). Surgery did not benefit patients with CTMs, thus, surgeons should take greater consideration when assessing the requirements for surgery in patients with CTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yatong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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95
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Burinaru TA, Avram M, Avram A, Mărculescu C, Ţîncu B, Ţucureanu V, Matei A, Militaru M. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Microfluidics. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:107-126. [PMID: 29363937 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients worldwide. During metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor and invade distant tissue. The cells that undergo this process are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Studies show that the number of CTCs in the peripheral blood can predict progression-free survival and overall survival and can be informative concerning the efficacy of treatment. Research is now concentrated on developing devices that can detect CTCs in the blood of cancer patients with improved sensitivity and specificity that can lead to improved clinical evaluation. This review focuses on devices that detect and capture CTCs using different cell properties (surface markers, size, deformability, electrical properties, etc.). We also discuss the process of tumor cell dissemination, the biology of CTCs, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and several challenges and clinical applications of CTC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu A. Burinaru
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 077190
| | - Marioara Avram
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 077190
| | - Andrei Avram
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 077190
| | - Cătălin Mărculescu
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 077190
| | - Bianca Ţîncu
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 077190
| | - Vasilica Ţucureanu
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 077190
| | - Alina Matei
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, 077190
| | - Manuella Militaru
- University of Agronomic
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania, 050097
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96
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Chen F, Wang S, Fang Y, Zheng L, Zhi X, Cheng B, Chen Y, Zhang C, Shi D, Song H, Cai C, Zhou P, Xiong B. Feasibility of a novel one-stop ISET device to capture CTCs and its clinical application. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3029-3041. [PMID: 27935872 PMCID: PMC5356861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in cancer metastasis. In this study, we introduced a novel isolation method by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) device with automatic isolation and staining procedure, named one-stop ISET (osISET) and validated its feasibility to capture CTCs from cancer patients. Moreover, we aim to investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic features and CTCs in colorectal cancer (CRC) in order to explore its clinical application. RESULTS The capture efficiency ranged from 80.3% to 88% with tumor cells spiked into medium while 67% to 78.3% with tumor cells spiked into healthy donors' blood. In detection blood samples of 72 CRC patients, CTCs and clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTC-clusters) were detected with a positive rate of 52.8% (38/72) and 18.1% (13/72) respectively. Moreover, CTC positive rate was associated with factors of lymphatic or venous invasion, tumor depth, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in CRC patients (p < 0.01). Lymphocyte count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly different between CTC positive and negative groups (p < 0.01). MATERIALS AND METHODS The capture efficiency of the device was tested by spiking cancer cells (MCF-7, A549, SW480, Hela) into medium or blood samples of healthy donors. Blood samples of 72 CRC patients were detected by osISET device. The clinicopathologic characteristics of 72 CRC patients were collected and the association with CTC positive rate or CTC count were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Our osISET device was feasible to capture and identify CTCs and CTC-clusters from cancer patients. In addition, our device holds a potential for application in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhi
- Department of Circulating Tumor Cells, YZY Medical Technological Company, Wuhan, China
| | - Boran Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongdong Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibin Song
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
| | - Congli Cai
- Department of Circulating Tumor Cells, YZY Medical Technological Company, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Department of Circulating Tumor Cells, YZY Medical Technological Company, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China
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97
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Correnti M, Raggi C. Stem-like plasticity and heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells: current status and prospect challenges in liver cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7094-7115. [PMID: 27738343 PMCID: PMC5351693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis and high recurrence remain leading causes of primary liver cancerassociated mortality. The spread of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood plays a major role in the initiation of metastasis and tumor recurrence after surgery. Nevertheless, only a subset of CTCs can survive, migrate to distant sites and establish secondary tumors. Consistent with cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, stem-like CTCs might represent a potential source for cancer relapse and distant metastasis. Thus, identification of stem-like metastasis-initiating CTC-subset may provide useful clinically prognostic information. This review will emphasize the most relevant findings of CTCs in the context of stem-like biology associated to liver carcinogenesis. In this view, the emerging field of stem-like CTCs may deliver substantial contribution in liver cancer field in order to move to personalized approaches for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Correnti
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
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98
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Kidess-Sigal E, Liu HE, Triboulet MM, Che J, Ramani VC, Visser BC, Poultsides GA, Longacre TA, Marziali A, Vysotskaia V, Wiggin M, Heirich K, Hanft V, Keilholz U, Tinhofer I, Norton JA, Lee M, Sollier-Christen E, Jeffrey SS. Enumeration and targeted analysis of KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in CTCs captured by a label-free platform: Comparison to ctDNA and tissue in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85349-85364. [PMID: 27863403 PMCID: PMC5356741 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) requires multimodal therapeutic approaches and need for monitoring tumor plasticity. Liquid biopsy biomarkers, including CTCs and ctDNA, hold promise for evaluating treatment response in real-time and guiding therapeutic modifications. From 15 patients with advanced CRC undergoing liver metastasectomy with curative intent, we collected 41 blood samples at different time points before and after surgery for CTC isolation and quantification using label-free Vortex technology. For mutational profiling, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA hotspot mutations were analyzed in CTCs and ctDNA from 23 samples, nine matched liver metastases and three primary tumor samples. Mutational patterns were compared. 80% of patient blood samples were positive for CTCs, using a healthy baseline value as threshold (0.4 CTCs/mL), and 81.4% of captured cells were EpCAM+ CTCs. At least one mutation was detected in 78% of our blood samples. Among 23 matched CTC and ctDNA samples, we found a concordance of 78.2% for KRAS, 73.9% for BRAF and 91.3% for PIK3CA mutations. In several cases, CTCs exhibited a mutation that was not detected in ctDNA, and vice versa. Complementary assessment of both CTCs and ctDNA appears advantageous to assess dynamic tumor profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kidess-Sigal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Melanie M Triboulet
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Che
- Vortex BioSciences, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu C Ramani
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brendan C Visser
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George A Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Teri A Longacre
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyra Heirich
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Violet Hanft
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ingeborg Tinhofer
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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99
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Size-based separation methods of circulating tumor cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:3-20. [PMID: 29326054 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) originate from the primary tumor mass and enter into the peripheral bloodstream. Compared to other "liquid biopsy" portfolios such as exosome, circulating tumor DNA/RNA (ctDNA/RNA), CTCs have incomparable advantages in analyses of transcriptomics, proteomics, and signal colocalization. Hence, CTCs hold the key to understanding the biology of metastasis and play a vital role in cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. Size-based enrichment features are prominent in CTC isolation. It is a label-free, simple and fast method. Enriched CTCs remain unmodified and viable for a wide range of subsequent analyses. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the differences of size and deformability between CTCs and blood cells, which would facilitate the development of technologies of size-based CTC isolation. Then we review representative size-/deformability-based technologies available for CTC isolation and highlight the recent achievements in molecular analysis of isolated CTCs. To wrap up, we discuss the substantial challenges facing the field, and elaborate on prospects.
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100
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Nordgård O, Tjensvoll K, Gilje B, Søreide K. Circulating tumour cells and DNA as liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal cancer. Br J Surg 2018; 105:e110-e120. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Blood is the most extensively studied body fluid and, because it contains circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour-derived cell-free DNA (ctDNA), it may represent a liquid biopsy for cancer. Methods for enrichment and detection of CTCs and ctDNA, their clinical applications and future opportunities in gastrointestinal cancers were the focus of this review.
Methods
The PubMed database was searched for literature up to 24 June 2017, with a focus on the past 10 years. Identified articles were further scrutinized for relevant references. Articles were those in English relating to colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer.
Results
Both CTCs and ctDNA are in low abundance compared with other cellular components of blood, but effective enrichment and highly sensitive techniques are available for their detection. Potential clinical applications of these liquid biopsies include screening, prognostic stratification, therapy administration, monitoring of treatment effect or resistance, and surveillance. Liquid biopsies provide opportunities to reduce the need for invasive tissue sampling, especially in the context of intratumoral heterogeneity and the need for tumour genotyping.
Conclusion
Liquid biopsies have applications in gastrointestinal cancers to improve clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nordgård
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - K Tjensvoll
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - B Gilje
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - K Søreide
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Clinical Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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