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Chen PH, Cai L, Huffman K, Yang C, Kim J, Faubert B, Boroughs L, Ko B, Sudderth J, McMillan EA, Girard L, Chen D, Peyton M, Shields MD, Yao B, Shames DS, Kim HS, Timmons B, Sekine I, Britt R, Weber S, Byers LA, Heymach JV, Chen J, White MA, Minna JD, Xiao G, DeBerardinis RJ. Metabolic Diversity in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cell 2019; 76:838-851.e5. [PMID: 31564558 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intermediary metabolism in cancer cells is regulated by diverse cell-autonomous processes, including signal transduction and gene expression patterns, arising from specific oncogenotypes and cell lineages. Although it is well established that metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, we lack a full view of the diversity of metabolic programs in cancer cells and an unbiased assessment of the associations between metabolic pathway preferences and other cell-autonomous processes. Here, we quantified metabolic features, mostly from the 13C enrichment of molecules from central carbon metabolism, in over 80 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines cultured under identical conditions. Because these cell lines were extensively annotated for oncogenotype, gene expression, protein expression, and therapeutic sensitivity, the resulting database enables the user to uncover new relationships between metabolism and these orthogonal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth Huffman
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chendong Yang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lindsey Boroughs
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bookyung Ko
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Peyton
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Misty D Shields
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bo Yao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David S Shames
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brenda Timmons
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ikuo Sekine
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rebecca Britt
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stephanie Weber
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Cell Biology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Ren YH, Zhao FJ, Mo HY, Jia RR, Tang J, Zhao XH, Wei JL, Huo RR, Li QQ, You XM. Association between LKB1 expression and prognosis of patients with solid tumours: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027185. [PMID: 31383697 PMCID: PMC6687027 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is considered a tumour suppressor that can control cell growth and metabolism. Whether LKB1 expression levels are related to clinicopathology and prognosis is controversial. This review aimed to quantitatively examine the latest evidence on this question. DESIGN An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between LKB1 expression and prognosis of patients with solid tumours were performed. DATA SOURCES Eligible studies were identified through literature searches from database establishment until 15 June 2018 in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wan Fang databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The association between LKB1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients with solid tumours were reported. Sufficient data were available to calculate the OR or HR and 95% CI. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Relevant data were meta-analysed for OS, DFS, RFS and various clinical parameters. RESULTS The systematic review included 25 studies containing 6012 patients with solid tumours. Compared with patients with high LKB1 expression, patients with low expression showed significantly shorter OS in univariate analysis (HR=1.63, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.97, p<0.01) and multivariate analysis (HR=1.61, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.06, p<0.01). In contrast, the two groups showed similar DFS in univariate analysis (HR=1.49, 95% CI 0.73 to 3.01, p=0.27) as well as similar RFS in univariate analysis (HR=1.44, 95% CI 0.65 to 3.17, p=0.37) and multivariate analysis (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.47, p=0.97). Patients with low LKB1 expression showed significantly worse tumour differentiation (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.55, p<0.01), larger tumours (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.27, p<0.01), earlier lymph node metastasis (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.62, p<0.01) and more advanced tumour, node, metastases (TNM) stage (OR=1.80, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.07, p<0.01). CONCLUSION Low LKB1 expression predicts shorter OS, worse tumour differentiation, larger tumours, earlier lymph node metastasis and more advanced TNM stage. Low LKB1 expression may be a useful biomarker of poor clinicopathology and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hong Ren
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Juan Zhao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Han Yue Mo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Rong Jia
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Hua Zhao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jue Ling Wei
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong Rui Huo
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiu Qin Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Mei You
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Ricciuti B, Brambilla M, Cortellini A, De Giglio A, Ficorella C, Sidoni A, Bellezza G, Crinò L, Ludovini V, Baglivo S, Metro G, Chiari R. Clinical outcomes to pemetrexed-based versus non-pemetrexed-based platinum doublets in patients with KRAS-mutant advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:708-716. [PMID: 31332704 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE KRAS mutation has been associated with enhanced dependency on the folate metabolism in preclinical studies. However, whether KRAS mutation correlates to increased sensitivity to pemetrexed in patients with advanced NSCLC is unknown. METHODS Patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC who had a documented EGFR and ALK WT genotype with simultaneous KRAS mutation assessment were evaluated for clinical outcome to pemetrexed- and non-pemetrexed-based first-line platinum doublet according to KRAS mutation status. RESULTS Of 356 patients identified, 138 harbored a KRAS mutation. Among KRAS-mutant NSCLCs, those treated with platinum/pemetrexed (81/138) had significantly lower ORR (30.9% versus 47.4%, P = 0.05), DCR (51.8% versus 71.9%, P = 0.02) and shorter median progression-free survival [mPFS 4.1 versus 7.1 months, HR 1.48 (95% CI 1.03-2.12), P = 0.03] and median overall survival [mOS 9.7 versus 26.9 months, HR 1.93 (95% CI 1.27-2.94), P = 0.002] compared to those who received a non-pemetrexed-based platinum doublet (57/138). No difference in ORR, DCR, mPFS and mOS was observed between KRAS WT patients who received a pemetrexed-based (124/218) versus non-pemetrexed base platinum doublets (94/218). After adjusting for performance status, age and the presence of brain metastasis at baseline, treatment with pemetrexed-based platinum doublet was associated with an increased risk of death [HR 2.27 (95% CI 1.12-4.63), P = 0.02] among KRAS-mutant patients in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Patients with KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma have a poorer outcome on pemetrexed-based first-line chemotherapy. Whether KRAS-mutant NSCLCs should be excluded from pemetrexed-containing regimens should be assessed prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ricciuti
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, via Dottori, 1, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Brambilla
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Cortellini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, St. Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A De Giglio
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, via Dottori, 1, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Ficorella
- Medical Oncology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, St. Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Sidoni
- Division of Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Bellezza
- Division of Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Crinò
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Meldola, Italy
| | - V Ludovini
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, via Dottori, 1, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Baglivo
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, via Dottori, 1, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Metro
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, via Dottori, 1, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Chiari
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, via Dottori, 1, 06156, Perugia, Italy
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Talwelkar SS, Nagaraj AS, Devlin JR, Hemmes A, Potdar S, Kiss EA, Saharinen P, Salmenkivi K, Mäyränpää MI, Wennerberg K, Verschuren EW. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Networks Define Sensitivity to ERBB Inhibition and Stratify Kras-Mutant Lung Cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1863-1874. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bie F, Wang G, Qu X, Wang Y, Huang C, Wang Y, Du J. Loss of FGL1 induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:697-707. [PMID: 31322182 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase b1 (LKB1) is a tumor suppressor, and the inactivated mutation frequency of LKB1 in lung adenocarcinoma is ~20%. The present study aimed to explore potential novel biomarkers in LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression data from lung adenocarcinoma patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. R software was used to analyze the gene expression profiles. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were used to examine gene expression and function. Gene function was further explored via gene set enrichment analysis. A colony formation assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. A wound‑healing assay and immunofluorescence analysis were used to evaluate cell migration and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. Wound healing assay, immunofluorescence, western blot, RT‑qPCR and IHC results for EMT‑associated markers demonstrated that a loss of fibrinogen‑like 1 (FGL1) induced EMT in LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma. RT‑qPCR and IHC analyses of angiogenesis‑related markers revealed that loss of FGL1 promoted angiogenesis in LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Overall, the present results demonstrated that loss of FGL1 induced EMT and angiogenesis in LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma. FGL1 may be a novel biomarker to indicate EMT and angiogenesis in patients with LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglong Bie
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qu
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Huang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Du
- Institute of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Impact of KRAS mutation subtype and concurrent pathogenic mutations on non-small cell lung cancer outcomes. Lung Cancer 2019; 133:144-150. [PMID: 31200821 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concurrent genetic mutations are prevalent in KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may differentially influence patient outcomes. We sought to characterize the effects of KRAS mutation subtypes and concurrent pathogenic mutations on overall survival (OS) and PD-L1 expression, a predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC at a single institution and abstracted clinical, molecular, and pathologic data from electronic health records. Cox regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine how KRAS mutation subtypes and concurrent pathogenic mutations are associated with OS and tumor PD-L1 expression, respectively. RESULTS A total 186 patients were included. Common KRAS mutation subtypes included G12C (35%) and G12D (17%). Concurrent pathogenic mutations were identified in TP53 (39%), STK11 (12%), KEAP1 (8%), and PIK3CA (4%). On multivariable analysis, KRAS G12D mutations were significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-5.16; P = 0.021), as were STK11 co-mutations (HR 2.95, 95% CI 1.27-6.88; P = 0.012). Compared to no (<1%) PD-L1 expression, KRAS G12C mutations were significantly associated with positive yet low (1-49%) PD-L1 expression (odds ratio [OR] 4.94, 95% CI 1.07-22.85; P = 0.041), and TP53 co-mutations with high (≥50%) PD-L1 expression (OR 6.36, 95% CI 1.84-22.02; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION KRAS G12D and STK11 mutations confer poor prognoses for patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC. KRAS G12C and TP53 mutations correlate with a biomarker that predicts benefit from immunotherapy. Concurrent mutations may represent distinct subsets of KRAS-mutant NSCLC; further investigation is warranted to elucidate their role in guiding treatment.
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Sfakianaki M, Papadaki C, Tzardi M, Trypaki M, Alam S, Lagoudaki ED, Messaritakis I, Zoras O, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V, Souglakos J. Loss of LKB1 Protein Expression Correlates with Increased Risk of Recurrence and Death in Patients with Resected, Stage II or III Colon Cancer. Cancer Res Treat 2019; 51:1518-1526. [PMID: 30913862 PMCID: PMC6790836 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of liver kinase b1 (LKB1) loss in patients with operable colon cancer (CC). Materials and Methods Two hundred sixty-two specimens from consecutive patients with stage III or high-risk stage II CC, who underwent surgical resection with curative intent and received adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin, were analyzed for LKB1 protein expression loss, by immunohistochemistry as well as for KRAS exon 2 and BRAFV600E mutations by Sanger sequencing and TS, ERCC1, MYC, and NEDD9 mRNA expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS LKB1 expression loss was observed in 117 patients (44.7%) patients and correlated with right-sided located primaries (p=0.032), and pericolic lymph nodes involvement (p=0.003), BRAFV600E mutations (p=0.024), and TS mRNA expression (p=0.041). Patients with LKB1 expression loss experienced significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.287; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.093 to 1.654; p=0.021) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.541; 95% CI, 1.197 to 1.932; p=0.002), compared to patients with LKB1 expressing expressing tumors. Multivariate analysis revealed LKB1 expression loss as independent prognostic factor for both decreased DFS (HR, 1.217; 95% CI, 1.074 to 1.812; p=0.034) and decreased OS (HR, 1.467; 95% CI, 1.226 to 2.122; p=0.019). CONCLUSION Loss of tumoral LKB1 protein expression, constitutes an adverse prognostic factor in patients with operable CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sfakianaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chara Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Iraklio, Greece
| | - Maria Trypaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sardar Alam
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eleni D Lagoudaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ippokratis Messaritakis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Odysseas Zoras
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Iraklio, Greece
| | - Dimitris Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Iraklio, Greece
| | | | - John Souglakos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Iraklio, Greece
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Caiola E, Falcetta F, Giordano S, Marabese M, Garassino MC, Broggini M, Pastorelli R, Brunelli L. Co-occurring KRAS mutation/LKB1 loss in non-small cell lung cancer cells results in enhanced metabolic activity susceptible to caloric restriction: an in vitro integrated multilevel approach. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:302. [PMID: 30514331 PMCID: PMC6280460 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease, with multiple different oncogenic mutations. Approximately 25–30% of NSCLC patients present KRAS mutations, which confer poor prognosis and high risk of tumor recurrence. About half of NSCLCs with activating KRAS lesions also have deletions or inactivating mutations in the serine/threonine kinase 11 (LKB1) gene. Loss of LKB1 on a KRAS-mutant background may represent a significant source of heterogeneity contributing to poor response to therapy. Methods Here, we employed an integrated multilevel proteomics, metabolomics and functional in-vitro approach in NSCLC H1299 isogenic cells to define their metabolic state associated with the presence of different genetic background. Protein levels were obtained by label free and single reaction monitoring (SRM)-based proteomics. The metabolic state was studied coupling targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry (MS) strategy. In vitro metabolic dependencies were evaluated using 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG) treatment or glucose/glutamine nutrient limitation. Results Here we demonstrate that co-occurring KRAS mutation/LKB1 loss in NSCLC cells allowed efficient exploitation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, when compared to cells with each single oncologic genotype. The enhanced metabolic activity rendered the viability of cells with both genetic lesions susceptible towards nutrient limitation. Conclusions Co-occurrence of KRAS mutation and LKB1 loss in NSCLC cells induced an enhanced metabolic activity mirrored by a growth rate vulnerability under limited nutrient conditions relative to cells with the single oncogenetic lesions. Our results hint at the possibility that energy stress induced by calorie restriction regimens may sensitize NSCLCs with these co-occurring lesions to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0954-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Caiola
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Falcetta
- Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Marabese
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina C Garassino
- Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Broggini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages and managed increasingly with targeted therapies and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss diagnostic and predictive immunohistochemical markers in NSCLC, one of the most common tumors encountered in surgical pathology. We highlight 2 emerging diagnostic markers: nuclear protein in testis (NUT) for NUT carcinoma; SMARCA4 for SMARCA4-deficient thoracic tumors. Given their highly aggressive behavior, proper recognition facilitates optimal management. For patients with advanced NSCLCs, we discuss the utility and limitations of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the "must-test" predictive biomarkers: anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ROS1, programmed cell death protein 1, and epidermal growth factor receptor. IHC using mutant-specific BRAF V600E, RET, pan-TRK, and LKB1 antibodies can be orthogonal tools for screening or confirmation of molecular events. ERBB2 and MET alterations include both activating mutations and gene amplifications, detection of which relies on molecular methods with a minimal role for IHC in NSCLC. IHC sits at the intersection of an integrated surgical pathology and molecular diagnostic practice, serves as a powerful functional surrogate for molecular testing, and is an indispensable tool of precision medicine in the care of lung cancer patients.
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Remon J, Hendriks LE, Cabrera C, Reguart N, Besse B. Immunotherapy for oncogenic-driven advanced non-small cell lung cancers: Is the time ripe for a change? Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 71:47-58. [PMID: 30359792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been incorporated in the treatment strategy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in first- and second-line setting improving the prognosis of these patients. However, the treatment landscape has been also drastically overturned with the advent of targeted therapies in oncogenic-addicted advanced NSCLC patients. Despite ICIs represent an active and new treatment option for a wide range of advanced NSCLC patients, the efficacy and the optimal place of ICI in the treatment strategy algorithm of oncogenic-addicted tumors remains still controversial, as only a minority of trials with ICI enrol oncogenic-addicted NSCLC patients previously treated with standard therapy. Therefore, there are still several open questions about ICI in oncogenic-driven NSCLC, such as the efficacy and toxicities, which need to be addressed before considering treatment with ICI as a standard approach in this population. It is in this framework, we provide a thorough overview on this currently controversial topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Remon
- Centro Integral Oncología Clara Campal Bacelona, HM-Delfos, Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L E Hendriks
- Gustave Roussy, Cancer Medicine Department, Villejuif, France; Maastricht University Medical Center+, Pulmonary Diseases Department, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - C Cabrera
- Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Reguart
- Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Medical Oncology Department, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - B Besse
- Gustave Roussy, Cancer Medicine Department, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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LKB1 loss is associated with glutathione deficiency under oxidative stress and sensitivity of cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs and γ-irradiation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:479-490. [PMID: 30222967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene is a tumor suppressor associated with the hereditary Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and frequently mutated in non-small cell lung cancer and in cervical cancer. Previous studies showed that the LKB1/AMPK axis is involved in regulation of cell death and survival under metabolic stress. By using isogenic pairs of cancer cell lines, we report here that the genetic loss of LKB1 was associated with increased intracellular levels of total choline containing metabolites and, under oxidative stress, it impaired maintenance of glutathione (GSH) levels. This resulted in markedly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and sensitivity to ROS-induced cell death. These effects were rescued by re-expression of LKB1 or pre-treatment with the anti-oxidant and GSH replenisher N-acetyl cysteine. This role of LKB1 in response to ROS-inducing agents was largely AMPK-dependent. Finally, we observed that LKB1 defective cells are highly sensitive to cisplatin and γ-irradiation in vitro, suggesting that LKB1 mutated tumors could be targeted by oxidative stress-inducing therapies.
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62
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Metformin Enhances Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis and Prevents Resistance to Cisplatin in Co-mutated KRAS/LKB1 NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1692-1704. [PMID: 30149143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We hypothesized that activating KRAS mutations and inactivation of the liver kinase B1 (LKB1) oncosuppressor can cooperate to sustain NSCLC aggressiveness. We also hypothesized that the growth advantage of KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated tumors could be balanced by higher sensitivity to metabolic stress conditions, such as metformin treatment, thus revealing new strategies to target this aggressive NSCLC subtype. METHODS We retrospectively determined the frequency and prognostic value of KRAS/LKB1 co-mutations in tissue specimens from NSCLC patients enrolled in the TAILOR trial. We generated stable LKB1 knockdown and LKB1-overexpressing isogenic H1299 and A549 cell variants, respectively, to test the in vitro efficacy of metformin. We also investigated the effect of metformin on cisplatin-resistant CD133+ cells in NSCLC patient-derived xenografts. RESULTS We found a trend towards worse overall survival in patients with KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated tumors as compared to KRAS-mutated ones (hazard ratio: 2.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-4.35, p = 0.072). In preclinical experiments, metformin produced pro-apoptotic effects and enhanced cisplatin anticancer activity specifically in KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, metformin prevented the development of acquired tumor resistance to 5 consecutive cycles of cisplatin treatment (75% response rate with metformin-cisplatin as compared to 0% response rate with cisplatin), while reducing CD133+ cells. CONCLUSIONS LKB1 mutations, especially when combined with KRAS mutations, may define a specific and more aggressive NSCLC subtype. Metformin synergizes with cisplatin against KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated tumors, and may prevent or delay the onset of resistance to cisplatin by targeting CD133+ cancer stem cells. This study lays the foundations for combining metformin with standard platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of KRAS/LKB1 co-mutated NSCLC.
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63
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Boldrini L, Giordano M, Lucchi M, Melfi F, Fontanini G. Expression profiling and microRNA regulation of the LKB1 pathway in young and aged lung adenocarcinoma patients. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:198-205. [PMID: 30271594 PMCID: PMC6158392 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer in young patients appears to have distinct clinicopathological features. The present study focused on the role of the serine/threonine kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a known tumor suppressor gene, and its miRNA regulation in lung adenocarcinoma, particularly in young versus elderly patients. A total of 88 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analysed. A simultaneous quantification was performed of the expression of LKB1 mRNA and 15 microRNAs (miRNA/miRs; miRs −93, −96, −34a, −34c, −214, −33a, −30b, −145, −182, −30c, −183, −29b, −29c, −153 and −138) involved in the LKB1 pathway, as well as of 5 identified target mRNAs [cyclin D1 (CCND1), catenin β-1 (CTNNB1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and survivin], using NanoString technology. KRAS mutations were investigated by pyrosequencing analysis. Patients ≤50 years were defined as a younger group, while patients >50 years old as an older group (n=44/group). No difference between the two groups was identified in terms of survival times analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method or KRAS mutations. Subsequently, the LKB1 signalling pathway was focused on, as a target for therapy in lung adenocarcinoma, and assessed with regards to clinicopathological features; we found that LOX levels in adenocarcinoma patients were significantly associated with histological subtype (P=0.03), stage (P<0.0001) and prognosis (P=0.02 for disease-free interval and P=0.005 for overall survival), but not with age. Furthermore, the miRNA target prediction model indicated that miR-93 and miR-30b appeared to have functional binding sites and downregulate the gene expression of LKB1 and LOX, respectively. In conclusion, young patients appeared have similar survival rates to elderly patients. The assessment of LKB1, its downstream genes and its regulation by miRNAs may have an impact on future research on lung adenocarcinoma in young and elderly patients. Further investigations will be necessary to elucidate the potential of this pathway as a novel target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mirella Giordano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Lucchi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Franca Melfi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fontanini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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64
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Aredo JV, Padda SK. Management of KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19:43. [PMID: 29951788 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The discovery of genomic alterations that drive the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has transformed how we treat metastatic disease. However, the promise of precision medicine remains elusive for the most commonly mutated oncogene in NSCLC, KRAS. This is perhaps due to the substantial heterogeneity within the broader genomic context of KRAS-mutant NSCLC. At this time, approaches for treating metastatic KRAS-mutant NSCLC mirror those for treating NSCLC that lacks a known driver mutation, including standard chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic approaches. Ongoing research aims to define further subgroups of KRAS-mutant NSCLC based on mutation subtype and co-occurring mutations. These efforts offer the potential to optimize standard-of-care regimens within these emerging subgroups and harness innovative strategies to realize precision medicine in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline V Aredo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute/Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sukhmani K Padda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute/Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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65
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Närhi K, Nagaraj AS, Parri E, Turkki R, van Duijn PW, Hemmes A, Lahtela J, Uotinen V, Mäyränpää MI, Salmenkivi K, Räsänen J, Linder N, Trapman J, Rannikko A, Kallioniemi O, Af Hällström TM, Lundin J, Sommergruber W, Anders S, Verschuren EW. Spatial aspects of oncogenic signalling determine the response to combination therapy in slice explants from Kras-driven lung tumours. J Pathol 2018; 245:101-113. [PMID: 29443392 PMCID: PMC5947161 DOI: 10.1002/path.5059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A key question in precision medicine is how functional heterogeneity in solid tumours informs therapeutic sensitivity. We demonstrate that spatial characteristics of oncogenic signalling and therapy response can be modelled in precision‐cut slices from Kras‐driven non‐small‐cell lung cancer with varying histopathologies. Unexpectedly, profiling of in situ tumours demonstrated that signalling stratifies mostly according to histopathology, showing enhanced AKT and SRC activity in adenosquamous carcinoma, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in adenocarcinoma. In addition, high intertumour and intratumour variability was detected, particularly of MAPK and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 activity. Using short‐term treatment of slice explants, we showed that cytotoxic responses to combination MAPK and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–mTOR inhibition correlate with the spatially defined activities of both pathways. Thus, whereas genetic drivers determine histopathology spectra, histopathology‐associated and spatially variable signalling activities determine drug sensitivity. Our study is in support of spatial aspects of signalling heterogeneity being considered in clinical diagnostic settings, particularly to guide the selection of drug combinations. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Närhi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ashwini S Nagaraj
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Parri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Turkki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra W van Duijn
- Department of Urology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annabrita Hemmes
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virva Uotinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUSLAB, Division of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Salmenkivi
- HUSLAB, Division of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Räsänen
- Heart and Lung Centre, Department of General Thoracic and Oesophageal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Linder
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Trapman
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taija M Af Hällström
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | - Johan Lundin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Sommergruber
- Department of Lead Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Anders
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emmy W Verschuren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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66
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Abstract
The identification of certain genomic alterations (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF) or immunological markers (PD-L1) in tissues or cells has led to targeted treatment for patients presenting with late stage or metastatic lung cancer. These biomarkers can be detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or by molecular biology (MB) techniques. These approaches are often complementary but depending on, the quantity and quality of the biological material, the urgency to get the results, the access to technological platforms, the financial resources and the expertise of the team, the choice of the approach can be questioned. The possibility of detecting simultaneously several molecular targets, and of analyzing the degree of tumor mutation burden and of the micro-satellite instability, as well as the recent requirement to quantify the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, has led to case by case development of algorithms and international recommendations, which depend on the quality and quantity of biological samples. This review will highlight the different predictive biomarkers detected by IHC for treatment of lung cancer as well as the present advantages and limitations of this approach. A number of perspectives will be considered.
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67
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The mTOR-S6K pathway links growth signalling to DNA damage response by targeting RNF168. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:320-331. [PMID: 29403037 PMCID: PMC5826806 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-017-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Growth signals, such as extracellular nutrients and growth factors, have substantial effects on genome integrity; however, the direct underlying link remains unclear. Here, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K) pathway, a central regulator of growth signalling, phosphorylates RNF168 at Ser60 to inhibit its E3 ligase activity, accelerate its proteolysis and impair its function in the DNA damage response, leading to accumulated unrepaired DNA and genome instability. Moreover, loss of the tumour suppressor liver kinase B1 (LKB1; also known as STK11) hyperactivates mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-S6K signalling and decreases RNF168 expression, resulting in defects in the DNA damage response. Expression of a phospho-deficient RNF168-S60A mutant rescues the DNA damage repair defects and suppresses tumorigenesis caused by Lkb1 loss. These results reveal an important function of mTORC1-S6K signalling in the DNA damage response and suggest a general mechanism that connects cell growth signalling to genome stability control.
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68
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Nagaraj AS, Lahtela J, Hemmes A, Pellinen T, Blom S, Devlin JR, Salmenkivi K, Kallioniemi O, Mäyränpää MI, Närhi K, Verschuren EW. Cell of Origin Links Histotype Spectrum to Immune Microenvironment Diversity in Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer Driven by Mutant Kras and Loss of Lkb1. Cell Rep 2017; 18:673-684. [PMID: 28099846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers exhibit pronounced functional heterogeneity, confounding precision medicine. We studied how the cell of origin contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity following conditional expression of KrasG12D and loss of Lkb1 (Kras;Lkb1). Using progenitor cell-type-restricted adenoviral Cre to target cells expressing surfactant protein C (SPC) or club cell antigen 10 (CC10), we show that Ad5-CC10-Cre-infected mice exhibit a shorter latency compared with Ad5-SPC-Cre cohorts. We further demonstrate that CC10+ cells are the predominant progenitors of adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) tumors and give rise to a wider spectrum of histotypes that includes mucinous and acinar adenocarcinomas. Transcriptome analysis shows ASC histotype-specific upregulation of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory genes. This is accompanied by an ASC-specific immunosuppressive environment, consisting of downregulated MHC genes, recruitment of CD11b+ Gr-1+ tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and decreased T cell numbers. We conclude that progenitor cell-specific etiology influences the Kras;Lkb1-driven tumor histopathology spectrum and histotype-specific immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini S Nagaraj
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jenni Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Annabrita Hemmes
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Teijo Pellinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sami Blom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kaisa Salmenkivi
- HUSLAB, Division of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- HUSLAB, Division of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00029, Finland; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Katja Närhi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Emmy W Verschuren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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69
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Facchinetti F, Bluthgen MV, Tergemina-Clain G, Faivre L, Pignon JP, Planchard D, Remon J, Soria JC, Lacroix L, Besse B. LKB1/STK11 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients: Descriptive analysis and prognostic value. Lung Cancer 2017; 112:62-68. [PMID: 29191602 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LKB1/STK11 (STK11) is among the most inactivated tumor-suppressor genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While evidence concerning the biologic role of STK11 is accumulating, its prognostic significance in advanced NSCLC has not been envisaged yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis included consecutive NSCLC patients with available STK11 information who underwent a platinum-based chemotherapy. STK11 mutational status was correlated to clinico-pathological and mutational features. Kaplan-Meier and Cox models were used for survival curves and multivariate analyses, respectively. RESULTS Among the 302 patients included, 267 (89%) were diagnosed with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC and 25 (8%) harbored a STK11 mutation (STK11mut). No statistical differences were observed between STK11 status and clinico-pathological variables. We detected a significant correlation between STK11 and KRAS status (p=0.008); among the 25 STK11mut patients, 13 (52%) harbored a concomitant KRAS mutation. Overall survival (OS) was shorter for STK11mut (median OS=10.4months) compared to wild-type patients (STK11wt; median OS=17.3months) in univariate analysis (p=0.085). STK11 status did not impact upon OS in multivariate analysis (p=0.45) and non-significant results were observed for progression-free survival. The co-occurrence of KRAS and STK11 mutations suggest a trend toward detrimental effect in OS (p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort enriched for advanced NSCLC patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy, STK11 mutations were not specifically associated with clinico-pathological features and they did not impact upon survival. We confirm the positive correlation between STK11 and KRAS mutations. The co-occurrence of KRAS and STK11 mutations could label a more aggressive molecular subtype of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Facchinetti
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Gabrielle Tergemina-Clain
- Service de Biostatistique et Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Laura Faivre
- Service de Biostatistique et Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Pignon
- Service de Biostatistique et Epidémiologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus and INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - David Planchard
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jordi Remon
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud Kremlin Bicetre/Chatenay-Malabry, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- University Paris-Sud Kremlin Bicetre/Chatenay-Malabry, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Genomic platform, Molecular Biopathology Unit and Biological Resource Center, AMMICA, INSERM US23/CNRS UMS3655, University Paris XI, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Medical Oncology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Sud Kremlin Bicetre/Chatenay-Malabry, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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70
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Abstract
Advances in lung cancer genomics have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of this heterogeneous and clinically significant group of tumors. This article provides a broad overview of the most clinically relevant oncogenic alterations in common and rare lung tumors, with an emphasis on the pathologic correlates of the major oncogenic drivers, including EGFR, KRAS, ALK, and MET. Illustrations emphasize the morphologic diversity of lung adenocarcinoma, including genotype-phenotype correlations of genomic evolution in tumorigenesis. Molecular diagnostic approaches, including PCR-based testing, massively parallel sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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71
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Garrido P, Olmedo ME, Gómez A, Paz Ares L, López-Ríos F, Rosa-Rosa JM, Palacios J. Treating KRAS-mutant NSCLC: latest evidence and clinical consequences. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2017; 9:589-597. [PMID: 29081842 PMCID: PMC5564881 DOI: 10.1177/1758834017719829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations represent one of the most prevalent oncogenic driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For many years we have unsuccessfully addressed KRAS mutation as a unique disease. The recent widespread use of comprehensive genomic profiling has identified different subgroups with prognostic implications. Moreover, recent data recognizing the distinct biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of different KRAS subgroups have allowed us to explore different treatment approaches. Small molecules that selectively inhibit KRAS G12C or use of immune checkpoint inhibitors based on co-mutation status are some examples which anticipate that personalized treatment for this challenging disease is finally on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Garrido
- Head of Thoracic Tumor Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS) Carretera Colmenar Viejo KM 9100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Olmedo
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz Ares
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre, Universidad Complutense and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Ríos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Madrid, Spain Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro C/ Oña, 10. 28050 Madrid, España
| | | | - José Palacios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Cáncer (CIBER-ONC), Madrid, Spain Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Presneau N, Duhamel LA, Ye H, Tirabosco R, Flanagan AM, Eskandarpour M. Post-translational regulation contributes to the loss of LKB1 expression through SIRT1 deacetylase in osteosarcomas. Br J Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28632727 PMCID: PMC5537492 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most prevalent form of bone cancer is osteosarcoma (OS), which is associated with poor prognosis in case of metastases formation. Mice harbouring liver kinase B1 (LKB1+/−) develop osteoblastoma-like tumours. Therefore, we asked whether loss of LKB1 gene has a role in the pathogenesis of human OS. Methods: Osteosarcomas (n=259) were screened for LKB1 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein expression using immunohistochemistry and western blot. Those cases were also screened for LKB1 genetic alterations by next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism and fluorescence in situ hybridisation approaches. We studied LKB1 protein degradation through SIRT1 expression. MicroRNA expression investigations were also conducted to identify the microRNAs involved in the SIRT1/LKB1 pathway. Results: Forty-one per cent (106 out of 259) OS had lost LKB1 protein expression with no evident genetic anomalies. We obtained evidence that SIRT1 impairs LKB1 protein stability, and that SIRT1 depletion leads to accumulation of LKB1 in OS cell lines resulting in growth arrest. Further investigations revealed the role of miR-204 in the regulation of SIRT1 expression, which impairs LKB1 stability. Conclusions: We demonstrated the involvement of sequential regulation of miR-204/SIRT1/LKB1 in OS cases and showed a mechanism for the loss of expression of LKB1 tumour suppressor in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Presneau
- University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laure Alice Duhamel
- University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Malihe Eskandarpour
- University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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73
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Kim J, Hu Z, Cai L, Li K, Choi E, Faubert B, Bezwada D, Rodriguez-Canales J, Villalobos P, Lin YF, Ni M, Huffman KE, Girard L, Byers LA, Unsal-Kacmaz K, Peña CG, Heymach JV, Wauters E, Vansteenkiste J, Castrillon DH, Chen BPC, Wistuba I, Lambrechts D, Xu J, Minna JD, DeBerardinis RJ. CPS1 maintains pyrimidine pools and DNA synthesis in KRAS/LKB1-mutant lung cancer cells. Nature 2017; 546:168-172. [PMID: 28538732 PMCID: PMC5472349 DOI: 10.1038/nature22359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming by oncogenic signals promotes cancer initiation and progression. The oncogene KRAS and tumour suppressor STK11, which encodes the kinase LKB1, regulate metabolism and are frequently mutated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Concurrent occurrence of oncogenic KRAS and loss of LKB1 (KL) in cells specifies aggressive oncological behaviour. Here we show that human KL cells and tumours share metabolomic signatures of perturbed nitrogen handling. KL cells express the urea cycle enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-1 (CPS1), which produces carbamoyl phosphate in the mitochondria from ammonia and bicarbonate, initiating nitrogen disposal. Transcription of CPS1 is suppressed by LKB1 through AMPK, and CPS1 expression correlates inversely with LKB1 in human NSCLC. Silencing CPS1 in KL cells induces cell death and reduces tumour growth. Notably, cell death results from pyrimidine depletion rather than ammonia toxicity, as CPS1 enables an unconventional pathway of nitrogen flow from ammonia into pyrimidines. CPS1 loss reduces the pyrimidine to purine ratio, compromises S-phase progression and induces DNA-polymerase stalling and DNA damage. Exogenous pyrimidines reverse DNA damage and rescue growth. The data indicate that the KL oncological genotype imposes a metabolic vulnerability related to a dependence on a cross-compartmental pathway of pyrimidine metabolism in an aggressive subset of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kim
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Zeping Hu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kailong Li
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Divya Bezwada
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kenneth E Huffman
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Keziban Unsal-Kacmaz
- Oncology Research Unit, Pfizer, 401 North Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965, USA
| | - Christopher G Peña
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Els Wauters
- Respiratory Division, University of Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Respiratory Division, University of Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego H Castrillon
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin P C Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 2130 West Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, O&N 4 Herestraat 49 - box 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, O&N 4 Herestraat 49 - box 912, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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74
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Bonanno L, De Paoli A, Zulato E, Esposito G, Calabrese F, Favaretto A, Santo A, Conte AD, Chilosi M, Oniga F, Sozzi G, Moro M, Ciccarese F, Nardo G, Bertorelle R, Candiotto C, De Salvo GL, Amadori A, Conte P, Indraccolo S. LKB1 Expression Correlates with Increased Survival in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3316-3324. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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75
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Sun L, Liu X, Fu H, Zhou W, Zhong D. 2-Deoxyglucose Suppresses ERK Phosphorylation in LKB1 and Ras Wild-Type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168793. [PMID: 28033353 PMCID: PMC5198974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate ATP, namely the "Warburg" effect. 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) is well characterized as a glycolytic inhibitor, but its effect on cellular signaling pathways has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we sought to investigate the effect of 2-DG on ERK function in lung cancer cells. We found that 2-DG inhibits ERK phosphorylation in a time and dose-dependent manner in lung cancer cells. This inhibition requires functional LKB1. LKB1 knockdown in LKB1 wildtype cells correlated with an increase in the basal level of p-ERK. Restoration of LKB1 in LKB1-null cells significantly inhibits ERK activation. Blocking AMPK function with AMPK inhibitor, AMPK siRNA or DN-AMPK diminishes the inhibitory effect of 2-DG on ERK, suggesting that 2-DG—induced ERK inhibition is mediated by LKB1/AMPK signaling. Moreover, IGF1-induced ERK phosphorylation is significantly decreased by 2-DG. Conversely, a subset of oncogenic mutants of K-Ras, the main upstream regulator of ERK, blocks 2-DG—induced LKB1/AMPK signaling. These findings reveal the potential cross-talk between LKB1/AMPK and ERK signaling and help to better understand the mechanism of action of 2-DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DZ); (WZ)
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (WZ)
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76
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Zer A, Tsao MS, Shepherd FA. Response to Yamamoto et al. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:e129-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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77
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Herter-Sprie GS, Koyama S, Korideck H, Hai J, Deng J, Li YY, Buczkowski KA, Grant AK, Ullas S, Rhee K, Cavanaugh JD, Neupane NP, Christensen CL, Herter JM, Makrigiorgos GM, Hodi FS, Freeman GJ, Dranoff G, Hammerman PS, Kimmelman AC, Wong KK. Synergy of radiotherapy and PD-1 blockade in Kras-mutant lung cancer. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87415. [PMID: 27699275 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT), a critical modality in the treatment of lung cancer, induces direct tumor cell death and augments tumor-specific immunity. However, despite initial tumor control, most patients suffer from locoregional relapse and/or metastatic disease following RT. The use of immunotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) could potentially change this outcome by enhancing the effects of RT. Here, we report significant (up to 70% volume reduction of the target lesion) and durable (up to 12 weeks) tumor regressions in conditional Kras-driven genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of NSCLC treated with radiotherapy and a programmed cell death 1 antibody (αPD-1). However, while αPD-1 therapy was beneficial when combined with RT in radiation-naive tumors, αPD-1 therapy had no antineoplastic efficacy in RT-relapsed tumors and further induced T cell inhibitory markers in this setting. Furthermore, there was differential efficacy of αPD-1 plus RT among Kras-driven GEMMs, with additional loss of the tumor suppressor serine/threonine kinase 11/liver kinase B1 (Stk11/Lkb1) resulting in no synergistic efficacy. Taken together, our data provide evidence for a close interaction among RT, T cells, and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and underscore the rationale for clinical combinatorial therapy with immune modulators and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit S Herter-Sprie
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Vaccine Center
| | - Houari Korideck
- Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josephine Hai
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Jiehui Deng
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Kevin A Buczkowski
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Aaron K Grant
- Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, and
| | - Soumya Ullas
- Longwood Small Animal Imaging Facility, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Jillian D Cavanaugh
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Neermala Poudel Neupane
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Camilla L Christensen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Jan M Herter
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Mike Makrigiorgos
- Division of Medical Physics and Biophysics, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Vaccine Center
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Vaccine Center
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cancer Vaccine Center.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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78
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Lazzari C, Verlicchi A, Gkountakos A, Pilotto S, Santarpia M, Chaib I, Ramirez Serrano JL, Viteri S, Morales-Espinosa D, Dazzi C, de Marinis F, Cao P, Karachaliou N, Rosell R. Molecular Bases for Combinatorial Treatment Strategies in Patients with KRAS Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Pulm Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s41030-016-0013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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79
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Patnaik A, Rosen LS, Tolaney SM, Tolcher AW, Goldman JW, Gandhi L, Papadopoulos KP, Beeram M, Rasco DW, Hilton JF, Nasir A, Beckmann RP, Schade AE, Fulford AD, Nguyen TS, Martinez R, Kulanthaivel P, Li LQ, Frenzel M, Cronier DM, Chan EM, Flaherty KT, Wen PY, Shapiro GI. Efficacy and Safety of Abemaciclib, an Inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6, for Patients with Breast Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, and Other Solid Tumors. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:740-53. [PMID: 27217383 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, pharmacodynamic effects, and antitumor activity of abemaciclib, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4 and 6, in a multicenter study including phase I dose escalation followed by tumor-specific cohorts for breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), glioblastoma, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. A total of 225 patients were enrolled: 33 in dose escalation and 192 in tumor-specific cohorts. Dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3 fatigue. The maximum tolerated dose was 200 mg every 12 hours. The most common possibly related treatment-emergent adverse events involved fatigue and the gastrointestinal, renal, or hematopoietic systems. Plasma concentrations increased with dose, and pharmacodynamic effects were observed in proliferating keratinocytes and tumors. Radiographic responses were achieved in previously treated patients with breast cancer, NSCLC, and melanoma. For hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, the overall response rate was 31%; moreover, 61% of patients achieved either response or stable disease lasting ≥6 months. SIGNIFICANCE Abemaciclib represents the first selective inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6 with a safety profile allowing continuous dosing to achieve sustained target inhibition. This first-in-human experience demonstrates single-agent activity for patients with advanced breast cancer, NSCLC, and other solid tumors. Cancer Discov; 6(7); 740-53. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Lim et al., p. 697This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Patnaik
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Lee S Rosen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Leena Gandhi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Drew W Rasco
- South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Aejaz Nasir
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lily Q Li
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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80
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Chen Z, Li JL, Lin S, Cao C, Gimbrone NT, Yang R, Fu DA, Carper MB, Haura EB, Schabath MB, Lu J, Amelio AL, Cress WD, Kaye FJ, Wu L. cAMP/CREB-regulated LINC00473 marks LKB1-inactivated lung cancer and mediates tumor growth. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2267-79. [PMID: 27140397 DOI: 10.1172/jci85250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The LKB1 tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated and inactivated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Loss of LKB1 promotes cancer progression and influences therapeutic responses in preclinical studies; however, specific targeted therapies for lung cancer with LKB1 inactivation are currently unavailable. Here, we have identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature that is associated with the loss of LKB1 function. We discovered that LINC00473 is consistently the most highly induced gene in LKB1-inactivated human primary NSCLC samples and derived cell lines. Elevated LINC00473 expression correlated with poor prognosis, and sustained LINC00473 expression was required for the growth and survival of LKB1-inactivated NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, LINC00473 was induced by LKB1 inactivation and subsequent cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)/CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC) activation. We determined that LINC00473 is a nuclear lncRNA and interacts with NONO, a component of the cAMP signaling pathway, thereby facilitating CRTC/CREB-mediated transcription. Collectively, our study demonstrates that LINC00473 expression potentially serves as a robust biomarker for tumor LKB1 functional status that can be integrated into clinical trials for patient selection and treatment evaluation, and implicates LINC00473 as a therapeutic target for LKB1-inactivated NSCLC.
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81
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The Prognostic Value of Decreased LKB1 in Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152674. [PMID: 27035914 PMCID: PMC4818087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a protein kinase that regulates the growth, integrity and polarity of mammalian cells. Recent studies have reported the prognostic value of decreased LKB1 expression in different tumors. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to more accurately estimate the role of decreased LKB1 in the prognostication of human solid tumors. Methods A systematic literature search in the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI (updated to October 15, 2015) was performed to identify eligible studies. The overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and clinicopathological features data were collected from these studies. The hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and pooled with a random-effects models using Stata12.0 software. Results A total of 14 studies covering 1915 patients with solid tumors were included in this meta-analysis. Decreased LKB1 was associated with poorer OS in both the univariate (HR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.42–2.42, P<0.001) and multivariate (HR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.09–2.21, P = 0.015) analyses. A subgroup analysis revealed that the associations between decreased LKB1 and poor OS were significant within the Asian region (HR 2.18, 95%CI: 1.66–2.86, P<0.001) and obvious for lung cancer (HR: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.47–3.18, P<0.001). However, the articles that involved analyses of both RFS and DFS numbered only 3, and no statistically significant correlations of decreased LKB1 with RFS or DFS were observed in this study. Additionally, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) indicated that decreased LKB1 was associated with larger tumor size (OR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.09–2.36, P = 0.017), lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.41, 95%CI: 1.53–3.78, P<0.001) and a higher TNM stage (OR: 3.35, 95%CI: 2.20–5.09, P<0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that decreased LKB1 expression in patients with solid tumors might be related to poor prognosis and serve as a potential predictive marker of poor clinicopathological prognostic factors. Additional studies are required to verify the clinical utility of decreased LKB1 in solid tumors.
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82
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Rekhtman N, Pietanza MC, Hellmann MD, Naidoo J, Arora A, Won H, Halpenny DF, Wang H, Tian SK, Litvak AM, Paik PK, Drilon AE, Socci N, Poirier JT, Shen R, Berger MF, Moreira AL, Travis WD, Rudin CM, Ladanyi M. Next-Generation Sequencing of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Reveals Small Cell Carcinoma-like and Non-Small Cell Carcinoma-like Subsets. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3618-29. [PMID: 26960398 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm, whose biologic relationship to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) versus non-SCLC (NSCLC) remains unclear, contributing to uncertainty regarding optimal clinical management. To clarify these relationships, we analyzed genomic alterations in LCNEC compared with other major lung carcinoma types. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN LCNEC (n = 45) tumor/normal pairs underwent targeted next-generation sequencing of 241 cancer genes by Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) platform and comprehensive histologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical analysis. Genomic data were compared with MSK-IMPACT analysis of other lung carcinoma histologies (n = 242). RESULTS Commonly altered genes in LCNEC included TP53 (78%), RB1 (38%), STK11 (33%), KEAP1 (31%), and KRAS (22%). Genomic profiles segregated LCNEC into 2 major and 1 minor subsets: SCLC-like (n = 18), characterized by TP53+RB1 co-mutation/loss and other SCLC-type alterations, including MYCL amplification; NSCLC-like (n = 25), characterized by the lack of coaltered TP53+RB1 and nearly universal occurrence of NSCLC-type mutations (STK11, KRAS, and KEAP1); and carcinoid-like (n = 2), characterized by MEN1 mutations and low mutation burden. SCLC-like and NSCLC-like subsets revealed several clinicopathologic differences, including higher proliferative activity in SCLC-like tumors (P < 0.0001) and exclusive adenocarcinoma-type differentiation marker expression in NSCLC-like tumors (P = 0.005). While exhibiting predominant similarity with lung adenocarcinoma, NSCLC-like LCNEC harbored several distinctive genomic alterations, including more frequent mutations in NOTCH family genes (28%), implicated as key regulators of neuroendocrine differentiation. CONCLUSIONS LCNEC is a biologically heterogeneous group of tumors, comprising distinct subsets with genomic signatures of SCLC, NSCLC (predominantly adenocarcinoma), and rarely, highly proliferative carcinoids. Recognition of these subsets may inform the classification and management of LCNEC patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3618-29. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Rekhtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Maria C Pietanza
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Arshi Arora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Helen Won
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Darragh F Halpenny
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hangjun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shaozhou K Tian
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anya M Litvak
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul K Paik
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander E Drilon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John T Poirier
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andre L Moreira
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Chen L, Engel BE, Welsh EA, Yoder SJ, Brantley SG, Chen DT, Beg AA, Cao C, Kaye FJ, Haura EB, Schabath MB, Cress WD. A Sensitive NanoString-Based Assay to Score STK11 (LKB1) Pathway Disruption in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:838-49. [PMID: 26917230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serine/threonine kinase 11 gene (STK11), better known as liver kinase β1, is a tumor suppressor that is commonly mutated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Previous work has shown that mutational inactivation of the STK11 pathway may serve as a predictive biomarker for cancer treatments, including phenformin and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. Although immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and diagnostic sequencing are used to measure STK11 pathway disruption, there are serious limitations to these methods, thus emphasizing the importance of validating a clinically useful assay. METHODS An initial STK11 mutation mRNA signature was generated using cell line data and refined using three large, independent patient databases. The signature was validated as a classifier using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD cohort as well as a 442-patient LUAD cohort developed at Moffitt. Finally, the signature was adapted to a NanoString-based format and validated using RNA samples isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks corresponding to a cohort of 150 patients with LUAD. For comparison, STK11 IHC staining was also performed. RESULTS The STK11 signature was found to correlate with null mutations identified by exon sequencing in multiple cohorts using both microarray and NanoString formats. Although there was a statistically significant correlation between reduced STK11 protein expression by IHC staining and mutation status, the NanoString-based assay showed superior overall performance, with a -0.1588 improvement in area under the curve in receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis (p < 0.012). CONCLUSION The described NanoString-based STK11 assay is a sensitive biomarker to study emerging therapeutic modalities in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brienne E Engel
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric A Welsh
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sean J Yoder
- Molecular Genomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amer A Beg
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chunxia Cao
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Frederic J Kaye
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - W Douglas Cress
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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Redig AJ, Capelletti M, Dahlberg SE, Sholl LM, Mach S, Fontes C, Shi Y, Chalasani P, Jänne PA. Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of NF1-Mutant Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3148-56. [PMID: 26861459 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE NF1 is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates Ras signaling. NF1 mutations occur in lung cancer, but their clinical significance is unknown. We evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of NF1 mutant lung cancers with comparison to tumors with KRAS mutations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Between July 2013 and October 2014, 591 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors underwent targeted next-generation sequencing in a 275 gene panel that evaluates gene mutations and genomic rearrangements. NF1 and KRAS cohorts were identified, with subsequent clinical and genomic analysis. RESULTS Among 591 patients, 60 had NF1 mutations (10%) and 141 (24%) had KRAS mutations. 15 NF1 mutations (25%) occurred with other oncogenic mutations [BRAF (2); ERBB2 (2); KRAS (9); HRAS (1); NRAS (1)]. There were 72 unique NF1 variants. NF1 tumor pathology was diverse, including both adenocarcinoma (36, 60%) and squamous cell carcinoma (10, 17%). In contrast, KRAS mutations occurred predominantly in adenocarcinoma (136, 96%). Both mutations were common in former/current smokers. Among NF1 tumors without concurrent oncogenic alterations, TP53 mutations/2-copy deletions occurred more often (33, 65%) than with KRAS mutation (46, 35%; P < 0.001). No difference between cohorts was seen with other tumor suppressors. CONCLUSIONS NF1 mutations define a unique population of NSCLC. NF1 and KRAS mutations present in similar patient populations, but NF1 mutations occur more often with other oncogenic alterations and TP53 mutations. Therapeutic strategies targeting KRAS activation, including inhibitors of MAP kinase signaling, may warrant investigation in NF1 mutant tumors. Tumor-suppressor inactivation patterns may help further define novel treatment strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3148-56. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Redig
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marzia Capelletti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne E Dahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stacy Mach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin Fontes
- Information Systems, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yunling Shi
- Information Systems, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Poornima Chalasani
- Information Systems, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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85
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Koyama S, Akbay EA, Li YY, Aref AR, Skoulidis F, Herter-Sprie GS, Buczkowski KA, Liu Y, Awad MM, Denning WL, Diao L, Wang J, Parra-Cuentas ER, Wistuba II, Soucheray M, Thai T, Asahina H, Kitajima S, Altabef A, Cavanaugh JD, Rhee K, Gao P, Zhang H, Fecci PE, Shimamura T, Hellmann MD, Heymach JV, Hodi FS, Freeman GJ, Barbie DA, Dranoff G, Hammerman PS, Wong KK. STK11/LKB1 Deficiency Promotes Neutrophil Recruitment and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production to Suppress T-cell Activity in the Lung Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2016; 76:999-1008. [PMID: 26833127 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
STK11/LKB1 is among the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in tumors harboring KRAS mutations. Many oncogenes promote immune escape, undermining the effectiveness of immunotherapies, but it is unclear whether the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, such as STK11/LKB1, exerts similar effects. In this study, we investigated the consequences of STK11/LKB1 loss on the immune microenvironment in a mouse model of KRAS-driven NSCLC. Genetic ablation of STK11/LKB1 resulted in accumulation of neutrophils with T-cell-suppressive effects, along with a corresponding increase in the expression of T-cell exhaustion markers and tumor-promoting cytokines. The number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was also reduced in LKB1-deficient mouse and human tumors. Furthermore, STK11/LKB1-inactivating mutations were associated with reduced expression of PD-1 ligand PD-L1 in mouse and patient tumors as well as in tumor-derived cell lines. Consistent with these results, PD-1-targeting antibodies were ineffective against Lkb1-deficient tumors. In contrast, treating Lkb1-deficient mice with an IL6-neutralizing antibody or a neutrophil-depleting antibody yielded therapeutic benefits associated with reduced neutrophil accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Our findings illustrate how tumor suppressor mutations can modulate the immune milieu of the tumor microenvironment, and they offer specific implications for addressing STK11/LKB1-mutated tumors with PD-1-targeting antibody therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Koyama
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Esra A Akbay
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amir R Aref
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ferdinandos Skoulidis
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Grit S Herter-Sprie
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin A Buczkowski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark M Awad
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Warren L Denning
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin R Parra-Cuentas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tran Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hajime Asahina
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abigail Altabef
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jillian D Cavanaugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Rhee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Takeshi Shimamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Vaccine Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Peter S Hammerman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Fang B. RAS signaling and anti-RAS therapy: lessons learned from genetically engineered mouse models, human cancer cells, and patient-related studies. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:27-38. [PMID: 26350096 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations of oncogenic RAS genes are frequently detected in human cancers. The studies in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) reveal that Kras-activating mutations predispose mice to early onset tumors in the lung, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, most of these tumors do not have metastatic phenotypes. Metastasis occurs when tumors acquire additional genetic changes in other cancer driver genes. Studies on clinical specimens also demonstrated that KRAS mutations are present in premalignant tissues and that most of KRAS mutant human cancers have co-mutations in other cancer driver genes, including TP53, STK11, CDKN2A, and KMT2C in lung cancer; APC, TP53, and PIK3CA in colon cancer; and TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and MED12 in pancreatic cancer. Extensive efforts have been devoted to develop therapeutic agents that target enzymes involved in RAS posttranslational modifications, that inhibit downstream effectors of RAS signaling pathways, and that kill RAS mutant cancer cells through synthetic lethality. Recent clinical studies have revealed that sorafenib, a pan-RAF and VEGFR inhibitor, has impressive benefits for KRAS mutant lung cancer patients. Combination therapy of MEK inhibitors with either docetaxel, AKT inhibitors, or PI3K inhibitors also led to improved clinical responses in some KRAS mutant cancer patients. This review discusses knowledge gained from GEMMs, human cancer cells, and patient-related studies on RAS-mediated tumorigenesis and anti-RAS therapy. Emerging evidence demonstrates that RAS mutant cancers are heterogeneous because of the presence of different mutant alleles and/or co-mutations in other cancer driver genes. Effective subclassifications of RAS mutant cancers may be necessary to improve patients' outcomes through personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Calles A, Liao X, Sholl LM, Rodig SJ, Freeman GJ, Butaney M, Lydon C, Dahlberg SE, Hodi F, Oxnard GR, Jackman DM, Jänne PA. Expression of PD-1 and Its Ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, in Smokers and Never Smokers with KRAS-Mutant Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:1726-35. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gailite I, Aerne BL, Tapon N. Differential control of Yorkie activity by LKB1/AMPK and the Hippo/Warts cascade in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5169-78. [PMID: 26324895 PMCID: PMC4577147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505512112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo (Hpo) pathway is a highly conserved tumor suppressor network that restricts developmental tissue growth and regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation. At the heart of the Hpo pathway is the progrowth transcriptional coactivator Yorkie [Yki-Yes-activated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in mammals]. Yki activity is restricted through phosphorylation by the Hpo/Warts core kinase cascade, but increasing evidence indicates that core kinase-independent modes of regulation also play an important role. Here, we examine Yki regulation in the Drosophila larval central nervous system and uncover a Hpo/Warts-independent function for the tumor suppressor kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and its downstream effector, the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in repressing Yki activity in the central brain/ventral nerve cord. Although the Hpo/Warts core cascade restrains Yki in the optic lobe, it is dispensable for Yki target gene repression in the late larval central brain/ventral nerve cord. Thus, we demonstrate a dramatically different wiring of Hpo signaling in neighboring cell populations of distinct developmental origins in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Gailite
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit L Aerne
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
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