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Yanai S, Wakayama M, Nakayama H, Shinozaki M, Tsukuma H, Tochigi N, Nemoto T, Saji T, Shibuya K. Implication of overexpression of dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam-1) for the pathogenesis of human Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH). Diagn Pathol 2017; 12:25. [PMID: 28288669 PMCID: PMC5348773 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-017-0614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare, fatal disease of unknown pathogenesis. Evidence from our recent study suggests that IPAH pathogenesis is related to upregulation of the Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) pathway. We used microscopic observation and immunohistochemical techniques to identify expression patterns of cascading proteins—namely Wnt-11, dishevelled-2 (Dvl-2), and dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam-1)—in pulmonary arteries. Methods We analyzed sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded autopsied lung tissues obtained from 9 IPAH cases, 7 associated pulmonary arterial hypertension cases, and 16 age-matched controls without pulmonary arterial abnormalities. Results of microscopic observation were analyzed in relation to the cellular components and size of pulmonary arteries. Results Varying rates of positive reactivity to Dvl-2 and Daam-1 were confirmed in all cellular components of pulmonary arteries, namely, endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and medial smooth muscle cells. In contrast, none of these components was reactive to Wnt-11. No specific expression patterns were observed for endothelial cells or myofibroblasts under any experimental conditions. However, marked expression of Dvl-2 and Daam-1 was confirmed in smooth muscle cells. In addition, Dvl-2 was depleted while Daam-1 expression was elevated in IPAH, in contrast with specimens from associated pulmonary arterial hypertension cases and controls. Conclusions High Daam-1 expression may upregulate the Wnt/PCP pathway and cause IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yanai
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Megumi Wakayama
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Haruo Nakayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan
| | - Minoru Shinozaki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Tsukuma
- Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Naobumi Tochigi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nemoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Saji
- Advanced and Integrated Cardiovascular Research Course in the Young and Adolescence, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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Zhan T, Rindtorff N, Boutros M. Wnt signaling in cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:1461-1473. [PMID: 27617575 PMCID: PMC5357762 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1702] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the key cascades regulating development and stemness, and has also been tightly associated with cancer. The role of Wnt signaling in carcinogenesis has most prominently been described for colorectal cancer, but aberrant Wnt signaling is observed in many more cancer entities. Here, we review current insights into novel components of Wnt pathways and describe their impact on cancer development. Furthermore, we highlight expanding functions of Wnt signaling for both solid and liquid tumors. We also describe current findings how Wnt signaling affects maintenance of cancer stem cells, metastasis and immune control. Finally, we provide an overview of current strategies to antagonize Wnt signaling in cancer and challenges that are associated with such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhan
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg University, Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - N Rindtorff
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg University, Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Boutros
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, Heidelberg University, Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
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Kim PJ, Park JY, Kim HG, Cho YM, Go H. Dishevelled segment polarity protein 3 (DVL3): a novel and easily applicable recurrence predictor in localised prostate adenocarcinoma. BJU Int 2017; 120:343-350. [PMID: 28107606 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify new biomarkers for biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical information of 500 patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and their 152 RNA-sequencing and protein-array data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were separated into a discovery set and a validation set. Each dataset was analysed according to the Gleason grade groups reflecting BCR. The results obtained from the analysis using TCGA dataset were confirmed by immunohistochemistry analyses of a confirmation cohort composed of 395 patients with localised prostate adenocarcinoma. RESULTS TCGA discovery set was subgrouped into lower- and higher-risk groups for recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P < 0.001). Cyclin B1 (CCNB1), dishevelled segment polarity protein 3 (DVL3), paxillin (PXN), RAF1, transferrin, X-ray repair cross complementing 5 (XRCC5) and BIM had lower expression in the lower-risk group than that in the higher-risk group (all, P < 0.05). In TCGA validation set, CCNB1, DVL3, transferrin, XRCC5 and BIM were also differently expressed between the two groups. Immunohistochemically, DVL3 positivity was associated with high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, resection margin involvement, and BCR (all, P < 0.05). A high Gleason score indicated a marginal relationship (P = 0.055). BIM positivity was related to high PSA levels, lymphovascular invasion, and BCR (all, P < 0.05). Both DVL3 positivity (P = 0.010) and BIM positivity (P = 0.024) were associated with shorter RFS, but statistical significance was lost when the multivariate Cox regression model included all patients. In the lower-risk group, the multivariate Cox model confirmed that DVL3 was an independent predictor for poor RFS (hazard ratio 1.80, P = 0.040), and the concordance index (C-index) was 0.805. CONCLUSIONS DVL3 and BIM were expressed in patients with a higher risk of BCR. DVL3 may be a novel and easily applicable recurrence predictor of localised prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pil-Jong Kim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Y Park
- Department of Pathology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hong-Gee Kim
- Biomedical Knowledge Engineering Laboratory, Seoul National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Mee Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chen J, Xu B, Wu J, Liu X, Xu H, Ni P. Regucalcin plays a role in the cytoskeleton regulation of HepG2 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:193-195. [PMID: 28028056 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Beihui Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Jiemin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiangfan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Peihua Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Olkhov-Mitsel E, Savio AJ, Kron KJ, Pethe VV, Hermanns T, Fleshner NE, van Rhijn BW, van der Kwast TH, Zlotta AR, Bapat B. Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Differential Methylation Biomarkers in High-Grade Bladder Cancer. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:168-177. [PMID: 28167242 PMCID: PMC5293735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes, including CpG island hypermethylation, occur frequently in bladder cancer (BC) and may be exploited for BC detection and distinction between high-grade (HG) and low-grade (LG) disease. Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed using Agilent Human CpG Island Microarrays to determine epigenetic differences between LG and HG cases. Pathway enrichment analysis and functional annotation determined that the most frequently methylated pathways in HG BC were enriched for anterior/posterior pattern specification, embryonic skeletal system development, neuron fate commitment, DNA binding, and transcription factor activity. We identified 990 probes comprising a 32-gene panel that completely distinguished LG from HG based on methylation. Selected genes from this panel, EOMES, GP5, PAX6, TCF4, and ZSCAN12, were selected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction–based validation by MethyLight in an independent series (n = 84) of normal bladder samples and LG and HG cases. GP5 and ZSCAN12, two novel methylated genes in BC, were significantly hypermethylated in HG versus LG BC (P ≤ .03). We validated our data in a second independent cohort of LG and HG BC cases (n = 42) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Probes representing our 32-gene panel were significantly differentially methylated in LG versus HG tumors (P ≤ .04). These results indicate the ability to distinguish normal tissue from cancer, as well as LG from HG, based on methylation and reveal important pathways dysregulated in HG BC. Our findings were corroborated using publicly available data sets from TCGA. Ultimately, the creation of a methylation panel, including GP5 and ZSCAN12, able to distinguish between disease phenotypes will improve disease management and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Olkhov-Mitsel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1.
| | - Andrea J Savio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1.
| | - Ken J Kron
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1.
| | - Vaijayanti V Pethe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9.
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9.
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9.
| | - Bas W van Rhijn
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Division of Urology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9.
| | - Theodorus H van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4.
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Sinai Health System, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5.
| | - Bharati Bapat
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 60 Murray St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3L9; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A1; Department of Pathology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4.
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Nwabo Kamdje A, Vecchio L, Takam Kamga P, Seke Etet P, Muller J, Bassi G, Krampera M. Developmental Pathways. INTRODUCTION TO CANCER METASTASIS 2017:337-352. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804003-4.00018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Nwabo Kamdje AH, Takam Kamga P, Tagne Simo R, Vecchio L, Seke Etet PF, Muller JM, Bassi G, Lukong E, Kumar Goel R, Mbo Amvene J, Krampera M. Developmental pathways associated with cancer metastasis: Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:109-120. [PMID: 28607802 PMCID: PMC5444923 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death, motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Richard Tagne Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Marc Muller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Erique Lukong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Jeremie Mbo Amvene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
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Huang C, Wang Y, Fan H, Ma X, Tang R, Huan X, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Xu H, Yang L. Association analysis of DACT1 genetic variants and gastric cancer risk in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5975-5983. [PMID: 27729806 PMCID: PMC5047710 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Disheveled-binding antagonist of beta-catenin 1 (DACT1) is involved in tumorigenesis through influencing cell apoptosis and proliferation. We aimed to investigate the effect of three tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DACT1 (rs863091 C>T, rs17832998 C>T, and rs167481 C>T) on the occurrence of gastric cancer (GC), their association with specific clinical characteristics, and consideration of the functional relevance of GC-related SNPs. Subjects and methods In this hospital-based case–control study, the genotypes were acquired using the TaqMan-MGB method consisting of 602 cases and 602 controls. DACT1 messenger RNA level was evaluated in 76 paired tumoral and normal tissues using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations among the DACT1 SNPs and GC. Results We found a significant association between the variant genotypes of rs863091 and decreased risk of GC (TT vs CC: P=0.009, adjusted odds ratio =0.34, 95% confidence interval =0.15–0.77; CT + TT vs CC: P=0.030, adjusted odds ratio =0.74, 95% confidence interval =0.57–0.97). In further stratified analyses, rs863091 variant genotypes were associated with a reduced risk of GC in younger individuals (<60 years) and males. No overall significant association with GC risk was observed in SNP rs17832998 or rs167481. Additionally, we assessed DACT1 messenger RNA levels in GC and found that DACT1 expressions of individuals carrying CT and TT genotypes were much higher than those with CC genotype. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the DACT1 rs863091 C>T polymorphism may be associated with a decreased risk of GC in the Chinese Han population and influence DACT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Younan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Xiangkun Huan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Yi Zhu
- Institute of Tumor Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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Wnt Signaling in Cell Motility and Invasion: Drawing Parallels between Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8090080. [PMID: 27589803 PMCID: PMC5040982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8090080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signal transduction cascades in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis is well recognized. The aberrant activation of these pathways in the adult leads to abnormal cellular behaviors, and tumor progression is frequently a consequence. Here we discuss recent findings and analogies between Wnt signaling in developmental processes and tumor progression, with a particular focus on cell motility and matrix invasion and highlight the roles of the ARF (ADP-Ribosylation Factor) and Rho-family small GTP-binding proteins. Wnt-regulated signal transduction from cell surface receptors, signaling endosomes and/or extracellular vesicles has the potential to profoundly influence cell movement, matrix degradation and paracrine signaling in both development and disease.
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Koushyar S, Grant GH, Uysal-Onganer P. The interaction of Wnt-11 and signalling cascades in prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13049-13057. [PMID: 27514543 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koushyar
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Guy H Grant
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Park Square, Luton, LU1 3JU, UK
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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Dunn NR, Tolwinski NS. Ptk7 and Mcc, Unfancied Components in Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8070068. [PMID: 27438854 PMCID: PMC4963810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8070068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human development uses a remarkably small number of signal transduction pathways to organize vastly complicated tissues. These pathways are commonly associated with disease in adults if activated inappropriately. One such signaling pathway, Wnt, solves the too few pathways conundrum by having many alternate pathways within the Wnt network. The main or "canonical" Wnt pathway has been studied in great detail, and among its numerous downstream components, several have been identified as drug targets that have led to cancer treatments currently in clinical trials. In contrast, the non-canonical Wnt pathways are less well characterized, and few if any possible drug targets exist to tackle cancers caused by dysregulation of these Wnt offshoots. In this review, we focus on two molecules-Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (Ptk7) and Mutated in Colorectal Cancer (Mcc)-that do not fit perfectly into the non-canonical pathways described to date and whose roles in cancer are ill defined. We will summarize work from our laboratories as well as many others revealing unexpected links between these two proteins and Wnt signaling both in cancer progression and during vertebrate and invertebrate embryonic development. We propose that future studies focused on delineating the signaling machinery downstream of Ptk7 and Mcc will provide new, hitherto unanticipated drug targets to combat cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norris Ray Dunn
- Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| | - Nicholas S Tolwinski
- Division of Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138610, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Translational Medicine, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Level 10 South, 10-02M, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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Galamb O, Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Ribli D, Krenács T, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Barták BK, Tóth K, Valcz G, Spisák S, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Aberrant DNA methylation of WNT pathway genes in the development and progression of CIMP-negative colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:588-602. [PMID: 27245242 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1190894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression, which involves a cascade of genetic and epigenetic changes. We aimed to analyze DNA methylation affecting the WNT pathway genes in colorectal carcinogenesis in promoter and gene body regions using whole methylome analysis in 9 colorectal cancer, 15 adenoma, and 6 normal tumor adjacent tissue (NAT) samples by methyl capture sequencing. Functional methylation was confirmed on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated colorectal cancer cell line datasets. In parallel with the DNA methylation analysis, mutations of WNT pathway genes (APC, β-catenin/CTNNB1) were analyzed by 454 sequencing on GS Junior platform. Most differentially methylated CpG sites were localized in gene body regions (95% of WNT pathway genes). In the promoter regions, 33 of the 160 analyzed WNT pathway genes were differentially methylated in colorectal cancer vs. normal, including hypermethylated AXIN2, CHP1, PRICKLE1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and hypomethylated CACYBP, CTNNB1, MYC; 44 genes in adenoma vs. NAT; and 41 genes in colorectal cancer vs. adenoma comparisons. Hypermethylation of AXIN2, DKK1, VANGL1, and WNT5A gene promoters was higher, while those of SOX17, PRICKLE1, DAAM2, and MYC was lower in colon carcinoma compared to adenoma. Inverse correlation between expression and methylation was confirmed in 23 genes, including APC, CHP1, PRICKLE1, PSEN1, and SFRP1. Differential methylation affected both canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway genes in colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation appears already in adenomas as an early event of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dezső Ribli
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- d 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,e Tumor Progression Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary.,b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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Zhang L, Luga V, Armitage SK, Musiol M, Won A, Yip CM, Plotnikov SV, Wrana JL. A lateral signalling pathway coordinates shape volatility during cell migration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11714. [PMID: 27226243 PMCID: PMC4894969 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is fundamental for both physiological and pathological processes. Migrating cells usually display high dynamics in morphology, which is orchestrated by an integrative array of signalling pathways. Here we identify a novel pathway, we term lateral signalling, comprised of the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Pk1 and the RhoGAPs, Arhgap21/23. We show that the Pk1–Arhgap21/23 complex inhibits RhoA, is localized on the non-protrusive lateral membrane cortex and its disruption leads to the disorganization of the actomyosin network and altered focal adhesion dynamics. Pk1-mediated lateral signalling confines protrusive activity and is regulated by Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase in the PCP pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dynamic interplay between lateral and protrusive signalling generates cyclical fluctuations in cell shape that we quantify here as shape volatility, which strongly correlates with migration speed. These studies uncover a previously unrecognized lateral signalling pathway that coordinates shape volatility during productive cell migration. Migrating cells display dynamic morphologies that are coordinated by signalling pathways. Here the authors identify a lateral signalling pathway, comprised of the planar cell polarity protein Pk1 and Arhgap21/23, that regulates fluctuations in cell shape during productive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - Valbona Luga
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Sarah K Armitage
- Department of Cell &Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Martin Musiol
- Department of Cell &Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Amy Won
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Christopher M Yip
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Sergey V Plotnikov
- Department of Cell &Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G5
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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64
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Park HW, Kim YC, Yu B, Moroishi T, Mo JS, Plouffe SW, Meng Z, Lin KC, Yu FX, Alexander CM, Wang CY, Guan KL. Alternative Wnt Signaling Activates YAP/TAZ. Cell 2016; 162:780-94. [PMID: 26276632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ are key regulators of organ size and tissue homeostasis, and their dysregulation contributes to human cancer. Here, we discover YAP/TAZ as bona fide downstream effectors of the alternative Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt5a/b and Wnt3a induce YAP/TAZ activation independent of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mechanistically, we delineate the "alternative Wnt-YAP/TAZ signaling axis" that consists of Wnt-FZD/ROR-Gα12/13-Rho GTPases-Lats1/2 to promote YAP/TAZ activation and TEAD-mediated transcription. YAP/TAZ mediate the biological functions of alternative Wnt signaling, including gene expression, osteogenic differentiation, cell migration, and antagonism of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Together, our work establishes YAP/TAZ as critical mediators of alternative Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cardiology, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jung-Soon Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven W Plouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kimberly C Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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65
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Dyberg C, Papachristou P, Haug BH, Lagercrantz H, Kogner P, Ringstedt T, Wickström M, Johnsen JI. Planar cell polarity gene expression correlates with tumor cell viability and prognostic outcome in neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:259. [PMID: 27036398 PMCID: PMC4818482 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-canonical Wnt/Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway is a major player in cell migration during embryonal development and has recently been implicated in tumorigenesis. METHODS Transfections with cDNA plasmids or siRNA were used to increase and suppress Prickle1 and Vangl2 expression in neuroblastoma cells and in non-tumorigenic cells. Cell viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion and protein expression was determined with western blotting. Transcriptional activity was studied with luciferase reporter assay and mRNA expression with real-time RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence stainings were used to study the effects of Vangl2 overexpression in non-tumorigenic embryonic cells. Statistical significance was tested with t-test or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Here we show that high expression of the PCP core genes Prickle1 and Vangl2 is associated with low-risk neuroblastoma, suppression of neuroblastoma cell growth and decreased Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) that are important in mediating non-canonical Wnt signaling resulted in increased expression of Prickle1 and inhibition of β-catenin activity in neuroblastoma cells. In contrast, overexpression of Vangl2 in MYC immortalized neural stem cells induced accumulation of active β-catenin and decreased the neural differentiation marker Tuj1. Similarly, genetically modified mice with forced overexpression of Vangl2 in nestin-positive cells showed decreased Tuj1 differentiation marker during embryonal development. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data demonstrate that high expression of Prickle1 and Vangl2 reduce the growth of neuroblastoma cells and indicate different roles of PCP proteins in tumorigenic cells compared to normal cells. These results suggest that the activity of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP signaling pathway is important for neuroblastoma development and that manipulation of the Wnt/PCP pathway provides a possible therapy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Dyberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Panagiotis Papachristou
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Q2:07, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Academic Primary Health Care Center, TioHundra AB, Box 905, SE-761 29, Norrtälje, Sweden
| | - Bjørn Helge Haug
- Department of Pediatrics, University-Hospital of Northern-Norway (UNN), 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hugo Lagercrantz
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Q2:07, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ringstedt
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Q2:07, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Wickström
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Q6:05, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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66
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Osei-Sarfo K, Urvalek AM, Tang XH, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. Initiation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a murine 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and alcohol carcinogenesis model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6040-52. [PMID: 25714027 PMCID: PMC4467420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) are very common, aggressive tumors, and are often associated with alcohol and tobacco abuse. Because ESCCs exhibit high recurrence rates and are diagnosed at late stages, identification of prognostic and drug targets for prevention and treatment is critical. We used the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) murine model of oral carcinogenesis and the Meadows-Cook model of alcohol abuse to assess changes in the expression of molecular markers during the initial stages of ESCC. Combining these two models, which mimic chronic alcohol and tobacco abuse in humans, we detected increased cellular proliferation (EGFR and Ki67 expression), increased canonical Wnt signaling and downstream elements (β-catenin, FoxM1, and S100a4 protein levels), changes in cellular adhesive properties (reduced E-cadherin in the basal layer of the esophageal epithelium), and increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38. Additionally, we found that treatment with ethanol alone increased the numbers of epithelial cells expressing solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter, member 1) (SLC2A1) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), and increased the phosphorylation of p38. Thus, we identified both 4-NQO- and ethanol-specific targets in the initial stages of esophageal carcinogenesis, which should lead to the development of potential markers and therapeutic targets for human ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Osei-Sarfo
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Alison M Urvalek
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | | | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.,The Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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67
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MicroRNA-340 inhibits the migration, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer cells by targeting Wnt pathway. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8993-9000. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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68
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Zhang Q, Yan J. Update of Wnt signaling in implantation and decidualization. Reprod Med Biol 2015; 15:95-105. [PMID: 29259425 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-015-0226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development into an implantation-competent blastocyst, synchronized uterine transformation into a receptive stage, and an intimate cross-talk between the activated blastocyst and the receptive uterus are essential for successful implantation, and therefore for subsequent pregnancy outcome. Evidence accumulating during recent years has underlined the importance of the Wnt signaling pathway in mammalian implantation and decidualization. Herein, this review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding Wnt signaling in multiple implantation and decidualization events: pre-implantation embryo development, blastocyst activation for implantation, uterine development, and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University 250021 Jinan China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics Jinan China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education Jinan China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Jinan China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University 250021 Jinan China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics Jinan China.,The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education Jinan China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Jinan China
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69
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Xiao L, Zhou D, Tan RJ, Fu H, Zhou L, Hou FF, Liu Y. Sustained Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Drives AKI to CKD Progression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1727-40. [PMID: 26453613 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AKI is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for progression to CKD. However, the factors governing AKI to CKD progression are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated this issue using moderate (20 minutes) and severe (30 minutes) ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice. Moderate IRI led to acute kidney failure and transient Wnt/β-catenin activation, which was followed by the restoration of kidney morphology and function. However, severe IRI resulted in sustained and exaggerated Wnt/β-catenin activation, which was accompanied by development of renal fibrotic lesions characterized by interstitial myofibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. To assess the role of sustained Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mediating AKI to CKD progression, we manipulated this signaling by overexpression of Wnt ligand or pharmacologic inhibition of β-catenin. In vivo, overexpression of Wnt1 at 5 days after IRI induced β-catenin activation and accelerated AKI to CKD progression. Conversely, blockade of Wnt/β-catenin by small molecule inhibitor ICG-001 at this point hindered AKI to CKD progression. In vitro, Wnt ligands induced renal interstitial fibroblast activation and promoted fibronectin expression. However, activated fibroblasts readily reverted to a quiescent phenotype after Wnt ligands were removed, suggesting that fibroblast activation requires persistent Wnt signaling. These results indicate that sustained, but not transient, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has a decisive role in driving AKI to CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and Departments of Pathology and
| | | | - Roderick J Tan
- Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and Departments of Pathology and
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70
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Huang Y, Zhao K, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Luo X, Li X, Wei L, Li Z, You Q, Guo Q, Lu N. Wogonoside inhibits angiogenesis in breast cancer via suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1598-1612. [PMID: 26387984 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wogonoside, a main flavonoid component derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to have anti-angiogenesis and anti-leukemia activities. However, whether it can inhibit tumor angiogenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigate the inhibitory effect of wogonoside on angiogenesis in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms. ELISA assay shows that wogonoside (25, 50, and 100 µM) decreases the secretion of VEGF in MCF-7 cells by 30.0%, 35.4%, and 40.1%, respectively. We find it inhibits angiogenesis induced by the conditioned media from MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo by migration, tube formation, rat aortic ring, and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Meanwhile, wogonoside can inhibit the growth and angiogenesis of MCF-7 cells xenografts in nude mice. The reduction of tumor weight can be found both in wogonoside (80 mg/kg) and bevacizumab (20 mg/kg) treated group, and the tumor inhibition rate is 42.1% and 48.7%, respectively. In addition, mechanistic studies demonstrate that wogonoside suppresses the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in MCF-7 cells. Wogonoside (100 µM) decreases the intracellular level of Wnt3a, increases the expression of GSK-3β, AXIN, and promotes the phosphorylation of β-catenin for proteasome degradation significantly. Furthermore, the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and the DNA-binding activity of β-catenin/TCF/Lef complex are inhibited by 49.2% and 28.7%, respectively, when treated with 100 µM wogonoside. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that wogonoside is a potential inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis and can be developed as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuwei Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Na Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Lin Y, Wu Z, Guo W, Li J. Gene mutations in gastric cancer: a review of recent next-generation sequencing studies. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7385-94. [PMID: 26364057 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although some driver genes have been identified in GC, the molecular compositions of GC have not been fully understood. The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a high-throughput and systematic method to identify all genetic alterations in the cancer genome, especially in the field of mutation detection. NGS studies in GC have discovered some novel driver mutations. In this review, we focused on novel gene mutations discovered by NGS studies, along with some well-known driver genes in GC. We organized mutated genes from the perspective of related biological pathways. Mutations in genes relating to genome integrity (TP53, BRCA2), chromatin remodeling (ARID1A), cell adhesion (CDH1, FAT4, CTNNA1), cytoskeleton and cell motility (RHOA), Wnt pathway (CTNNB1, APC, RNF43), and RTK pathway (RTKs, RAS family, MAPK pathway, PIK pathway) are discussed. Efforts to establish a molecular classification based on NGS data which is valuable for future targeted therapy for GC are introduced. Comprehensive dissection of the molecular profile of GC cannot only unveil the molecular basis for GC but also identify genes of clinical utility, especially potential and specific therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - W Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - J Li
- Tongji University Tianyou Hospital, Shanghai, 200331, China.
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Kidd AR, Muñiz-Medina V, Der CJ, Cox AD, Reiner DJ. The C. elegans Chp/Wrch Ortholog CHW-1 Contributes to LIN-18/Ryk and LIN-17/Frizzled Signaling in Cell Polarity. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208319 PMCID: PMC4514874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling controls various aspects of developmental and cell biology, as well as contributing to certain cancers. Expression of the human Rho family small GTPase Wrch/RhoU is regulated by Wnt signaling, and Wrch and its paralog Chp/RhoV are both implicated in oncogenic transformation and regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics. We performed developmental genetic analysis of the single Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of Chp and Wrch, CHW-1. Using a transgenic assay of the distal tip cell migration, we found that wild-type CHW-1 is likely to be partially constitutively active and that we can alter ectopic CHW-1-dependent migration phenotypes with mutations predicted to increase or decrease intrinsic GTP hydrolysis rate. The vulval P7.p polarity decision balances multiple antagonistic Wnt signals, and also uses different types of Wnt signaling. Previously described cooperative Wnt receptors LIN-17/Frizzled and LIN-18/Ryk orient P7.p posteriorly, with LIN-17/Fz contributing approximately two-thirds of polarizing activity. CHW-1 deletion appears to equalize the contributions of these two receptors. We hypothesize that CHW-1 increases LIN-17/Fz activity at the expense of LIN-18/Ryk, thus making the contribution of these signals unequal. For P7.p to polarize correctly and form a proper vulva, LIN-17/Fz and LIN-18/Ryk antagonize other Wnt transmembrane systems VANG-1/VanGogh and CAM-1/Ror. Our genetic data suggest that LIN-17/Fz represses both VANG-1/VanGogh and CAM-1/Ror, while LIN-18/Ryk represses only VANG-1. These data expand our knowledge of a sophisticated signaling network to control P7.p polarity, and suggests that CHW-1 can alter ligand gradients or receptor priorities in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose R. Kidd
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Muñiz-Medina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Channing J. Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adrienne D. Cox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David J. Reiner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center and College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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73
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Kim M, Jho EH. Cross-talk between Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo signaling pathways: a brief review. BMB Rep 2015; 47:540-5. [PMID: 25154721 PMCID: PMC4261510 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Department of Life Science, The University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea Balanced cell growth is crucial in animal development as well as tissue homeostasis. Concerted cross-regulation of multiple signaling pathways is essential for those purposes, and the dysregulation of signaling may lead to a variety of human diseases such as cancer. The time-honored Wnt/β-catenin and recently identified Hippo signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved in both Drosophila and mammals, and are generally considered as having positive and negative roles in cell proliferation, respectively. While most mainstream regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway have been fairly well identified, the regulators of the Hippo pathway need to be more defined. The Hippo pathway controls organ size primarily by regulating cell contact inhibition. Recently, several crossregulations occurring between the Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo signaling pathways were determined through biochemical and genetic approaches. In the present mini-review, we mainly discuss the signal transduction mechanism of the Hippo signaling pathway, along with cross-talk between the regulators of the Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo signaling pathways. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(10): 540-545]
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Kim
- Department of Life Science, The University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, The University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
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Ma Y, Zou F, Xiong J, Wan W, Yin L, Li X, Bei Z, Yuan L, Meng S, Wang J, Song G. Effect of Matrine on HPAC cell migration by down-regulating the expression of MT1-MMP via Wnt signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:59. [PMID: 26113801 PMCID: PMC4480578 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study sought to explore the exact mechanism of Matrine inhibited migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. Methods HPAC or Capan-1 cells were cultured in completed RPMI-1640 medium, contained with 50 μg/ml Matrine or 0.05 μg/ml docetaxel, respectively. Cell viability was evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis using MTT assay. Wound healing assay and transwell approach were used to detect the effects of Matrine on HPAC cell migration and invasion. Western Blot and RT-PCR were performed to detect the expressions of MT1-MMP, Wnt and β-Catenin. CHIP assay was used to detect whether the MT1-MMP transcription activity correlated with Wnt signaling pathway. Results MTT results indicated that cell proliferration was inhibited by Matrine at a range of concentrations, especially at high dose. We further found that Matrine treatment significantly induced cell migration and invasion decreased. Interestingly, the expression of MT1-MMP decreased evidently upon Matrine treatment, paralleled with the expressions of Wnt and β-Catenin detected by Western Blot and RT-PCR assay. Further analysis of MT1-MMP transcription activity revealed that Matrine reduced the expression of MT1-MMP mediated by Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusion Matrine play a vital role in inhibiting HPAC cellular migration and invasion through down-regulating the expression of MT1-MMP via Wnt signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0210-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Ma
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China.,Key lab, of BioMedicine of Luohe City, Luohe, China
| | - Fazhang Zou
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China.,Key lab, of BioMedicine of Luohe City, Luohe, China
| | - Junping Xiong
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wan
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjia Li
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanyu Bei
- Chengde Nursing Vocational College, Chengde, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
| | - Song Meng
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Song
- Luohe Medical College, Daxue Road, #148, Luohe City, Henan Province 462000 People's Republic of China
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Lhoumeau AC, Martinez S, Boher JM, Monges G, Castellano R, Goubard A, Doremus M, Poizat F, Lelong B, de Chaisemartin C, Bardin F, Viens P, Raoul JL, Prebet T, Aurrand-Lions M, Borg JP, Gonçalves A. Overexpression of the Promigratory and Prometastatic PTK7 Receptor Is Associated with an Adverse Clinical Outcome in Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123768. [PMID: 25962058 PMCID: PMC4427440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed in colorectal cancer (CRC). The pseudo tyrosine kinase receptor 7 (PTK7) is involved in planar cell polarity and it is deregulated in various malignancies, including CRC. Yet, little is known about its protein expression in human CRC, or about a possible correlation of its expression with clinical endpoints. Using a clinically annotated Tissue MicroArray (TMA) produced from from 192 consecutive CRC patients treated by initial surgery, we examined PTK7 expression by immunohistochemistry in tumoral tissue and matched normal mucosae, and correlated its expression with clinico-pathological features and patient outcome. PTK7 depletion by specific shRNA in HCT116 and HCT15 CRC cell lines was found to affect cell proliferation, resistance to drugs and cell migration. Tumor growth and metastatic phenotype were investigated in vivo using a xenograft mouse model of CRC cells with modulated expression of PTK7 levels. PTK7 was significantly up-regulated in CRC tissue as compared to matched healthy mucosae, and significant overexpression was found in 34% of patients. PTK7 overexpression was significantly associated with a reduced metastasis-free survival in non-metastatic patients. In HCT116 and HCT15 cells, shRNA PTK7 reduced migration but did not affect cell proliferation and resistance to drugs. In a xenograft mouse of HCT15 cells, downregulation of PTK7 led to reduced tumor growth, whereas its overexpression in PTK7-negative cancer cells led to increased metastatic events. PTK7 expression thus represents a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Lhoumeau
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Martinez
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Boher
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Geneviève Monges
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Armelle Goubard
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Doremus
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Flora Poizat
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Lelong
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile de Chaisemartin
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Bardin
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Viens
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Raoul
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Prebet
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Hematology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- CRCM, Team Cell Polarity, Cell signalling and Cancer “Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Inserm, U1068, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, F-13284, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, F-13009, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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76
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Lin WH, Asmann YW, Anastasiadis PZ. Expression of polarity genes in human cancer. Cancer Inform 2015; 14:15-28. [PMID: 25991909 PMCID: PMC4390136 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s18964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarity protein complexes are crucial for epithelial apical–basal polarity and directed cell migration. Since alterations of these processes are common in cancer, polarity proteins have been proposed to function as tumor suppressors or oncogenic promoters. Here, we review the current understanding of polarity protein functions in epithelial homeostasis, as well as tumor formation and progression. As most previous studies focused on the function of single polarity proteins in simplified model systems, we used a genomics approach to systematically examine and identify the expression profiles of polarity genes in human cancer. The expression profiles of polarity genes were distinct in different human tissues and classified cancer types. Additionally, polarity expression profiles correlated with disease progression and aggressiveness, as well as with identified cancer types, where specific polarity genes were commonly altered. In the case of Scribble, gene expression analysis indicated its common amplification and upregulation in human cancer, suggesting a tumor promoting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yan W Asmann
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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77
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He P, Jiang S, Ma M, Wang Y, Li R, Fang F, Tian G, Zhang Z. Trophoblast glycoprotein promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell metastasis through Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:503-9. [PMID: 25738465 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), a 72 kDa glycoprotein was identified using a monoclonal antibody, which specifically binds human trophoblast. The expression of TPBG in normal tissues is limited; however, it is upregulated in numerous types of cancer. When TPBG is expressed at a high level, this usually indicates a poor clinical outcome. In the present study, it was demonstrated that TPBG was more commonly observed in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) compared with normal pancreatic tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis of PDAC tissue microarrays indicated that the expression of TPBG in PDAC tissues was closely correlated with the tumor-node-metastasis stage of the tumor. Silencing of TPBG in PDAC cell lines resulted in a decreased ability of cancer cell migration and invasion. Further investigation demonstrated that the Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling pathway was suppressed, as the expression of Wnt5a and the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase was inhibited following TPBG knockdown. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence that TPBG is involved in PDAC metastasis, and that TPBG and its associated signaling pathways may be a suitable target for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Mingze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Rongkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Guangang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Hardwick LJA, Philpott A. An oncologist׳s friend: How Xenopus contributes to cancer research. Dev Biol 2015; 408:180-7. [PMID: 25704511 PMCID: PMC4684227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most striking features of the Xenopus system is the versatility in providing a unique range of both in vitro and in vivo models that are rapid, accessible and easily manipulated. Here we present an overview of the diverse contribution that Xenopus has made to advance our understanding of tumour biology and behaviour; a contribution that goes beyond the traditional view of Xenopus as a developmental model organism. From the utility of the egg and oocyte extract system to the use of whole embryos as developmental or induced tumour models, the Xenopus system has been fundamental to investigation of cell cycle mechanisms, cell metabolism, cell signalling and cell behaviour, and has allowed an increasing appreciation of the parallels between early development and the pathogenesis of tumour progression and metastasis. Although not the prototypical oncological model system, we propose that Xenopus is an adaptable and multifunctional tool in the oncologist׳s arsenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J A Hardwick
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Anna Philpott
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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79
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Asymmetry of VANGL2 in migrating lymphocytes as a tool to monitor activity of the mammalian WNT/planar cell polarity pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:2. [PMID: 25627785 PMCID: PMC4314808 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-014-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The WNT/planar-cell-polarity (PCP) pathway is a key regulator of cell polarity and directional cell movements. Core PCP proteins such as Van Gogh-like2 (VANGL2) are evolutionarily highly conserved; however, the mammalian PCP machinery is still poorly understood mainly due to lack of suitable models and quantitative methodology. WNT/PCP has been implicated in many human diseases with the most distinguished positive role in the metastatic process, which accounts for more than 90% of cancer related deaths, and presents therefore an attractive target for pharmacological interventions. However, cellular assays for the assessment of PCP signaling, which would allow a more detailed mechanistic analysis of PCP function and possibly also high throughput screening for chemical compounds targeting mammalian PCP signaling, are still missing. Results Here we describe a mammalian cell culture model, which correlates B lymphocyte migration of patient-derived MEC1 cells and asymmetric localization of fluorescently-tagged VANGL2. We show by live cell imaging that PCP proteins are polarized in MEC1 cells and that VANGL2 polarization is controlled by the same mechanism as in tissues i.e. it is dependent on casein kinase 1 activity. In addition, destruction of the actin cytoskeleton leads to migratory arrest and cell rounding while VANGL2-EGFP remains polarized suggesting that active PCP signaling visualized by polarized distribution of VANGL2 is a cause for and not a consequence of the asymmetric shape of a migrating cell. Conclusions The presented imaging-based methodology allows overcoming limitations of earlier approaches to study the mammalian WNT/PCP pathway, which required in vivo models and analysis of complex tissues. Our system investigating PCP-like signaling on a single-cell level thus opens new possibilities for screening of compounds, which control asymmetric distribution of proteins in the PCP pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12964-014-0079-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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80
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Liu YY, Ayers S, Milanesi A, Teng X, Rabi S, Akiba Y, Brent GA. Thyroid hormone receptor sumoylation is required for preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7402-15. [PMID: 25572392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) play an essential role in metabolic regulation. However, the role of TR in adipogenesis has not been established. We reported previously that TR sumoylation is essential for TR-mediated gene regulation and that mutation of either of the two sites in TRα or any of the three sites in TRβ reduces TR sumoylation. Here, we transfected TR sumoylation site mutants into human primary preadiocytes and the mouse 3T3L1 preadipocyte cell line to determine the role of TR sumoylation in adipogenesis. Reduced sumoylation of TRα or TRβ resulted in fewer and smaller lipid droplets and reduced proliferation of preadipocytes. TR sumoylation mutations, compared with wild-type TR, results in reduced C/EBP expression and reduced PPARγ2 mRNA and protein levels. TR sumoylation mutants recruited NCoR and disrupted PPARγ-mediated perilipin1 (Plin1) gene expression, associated with impaired lipid droplet formation. Expression of NCoRΔID, a mutant NCoR lacking the TR interaction domain, partially "rescued" the delayed adipogenesis and restored Plin1 gene expression and adipogenesis. TR sumoylation site mutants impaired Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and the proliferation of primary human preadipocytes. Expression of the TRβ K146Q sumoylation site mutant down-regulated the essential genes required for canonical Wnt signal-mediated proliferation, including Wnt ligands, Fzds, β-catenin, LEF1, and CCND1. Additionally, the TRβ K146Q mutant enhanced the canonical Wnt signaling inhibitor Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1). Our data demonstrate that TR sumoylation is required for activation of the Wnt canonical signaling pathway during preadipocyte proliferation and enhances the PPARγ signaling that promotes differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yun Liu
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073,
| | - Stephen Ayers
- the Genomic Medicine Program, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Anna Milanesi
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Xiaochun Teng
- the Institute of Endocrinology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Sina Rabi
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Ysutada Akiba
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Gregory A Brent
- From the Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90073,
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Understanding disease mechanisms with models of signaling pathway activities. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:121. [PMID: 25344409 PMCID: PMC4213475 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-014-0121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the aspects of the cell functionality that account for disease or drug action mechanisms is one of the main challenges in the analysis of genomic data and is on the basis of the future implementation of precision medicine. RESULTS Here we propose a simple probabilistic model in which signaling pathways are separated into elementary sub-pathways or signal transmission circuits (which ultimately trigger cell functions) and then transforms gene expression measurements into probabilities of activation of such signal transmission circuits. Using this model, differential activation of such circuits between biological conditions can be estimated. Thus, circuit activation statuses can be interpreted as biomarkers that discriminate among the compared conditions. This type of mechanism-based biomarkers accounts for cell functional activities and can easily be associated to disease or drug action mechanisms. The accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated with simulations and real datasets. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model provides detailed information that enables the interpretation disease mechanisms as a consequence of the complex combinations of altered gene expression values. Moreover, it offers a framework for suggesting possible ways of therapeutic intervention in a pathologically perturbed system.
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Mermejo LM, Leal LF, Colli LM, Fragoso MCBV, Latronico AC, Tone LG, Scrideli CA, Tucci S, Martinelli CE, Yunes JA, Mastellaro MJ, Seidinger AL, Brandalise SR, Moreira AC, Ramalho LN, Antonini SR, Castro M. Altered expression of noncanonical Wnt pathway genes in paediatric and adult adrenocortical tumours. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:503-10. [PMID: 24717047 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) and calcium-dependent (Wnt/Ca) noncanonical Wnt pathways in adrenocortical tumours (ACTs) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the gene expression of Wnt/PCP and Wnt/Ca pathways and its association with TP53 p.R337H and CTNNB1 mutations in paediatric and adult ACTs and to correlate these findings with clinical outcome. PATIENTS Expression of noncanonical Wnt-related genes was evaluated in 91 ACTs (66 children and 25 adults) by qPCR and the expression of beta-catenin, P53 and protein effectors of Wnt/Ca (NFAT) and Wnt/PCP (JNK) by immunohistochemistry. TP53 and CTNNB1 genes were sequenced. RESULTS TP53 p.R337H mutation frequency was higher in children (86% vs 28%), while CTNNB1 mutation was higher in adults (32% vs 6%). Mortality was higher in adults harbouring TP53 p.R337H and in children with CTNNB1 mutations. Overexpression of WNT5A, Wnt/Ca ligand, was observed in children and adults. Overexpression of MAPK8 and underexpression of PRICKLE, Wnt/PCP mediators, were observed in paediatric but not in adult cases. Cytoplasmic/nuclear beta-catenin and P53 accumulation was observed in the majority of paediatric and adult ACTs as well as NFAT and JNK. Overexpression of MAPK8 and underexpression of PRICKLE were associated with mortality in children, while overexpression of WNT5A and underexpression of PRICKLE were associated with mortality in adults. CONCLUSIONS In our study, TP53 p.R337H and CTNNB1 mutations correlated with poor prognosis in adults and children, respectively. We demonstrate, for the first time, the activation of Wnt/PCP and Wnt/Ca noncanonical pathway genes, and their association with poor outcome in children and adults, suggesting their putative involvement in ACTs aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia M Mermejo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
WNT-β-catenin signalling is involved in a multitude of developmental processes and the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, genetic stability and apoptosis, as well as by maintaining adult stem cells in a pluripotent state. Not surprisingly, aberrant regulation of this pathway is therefore associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, fibrosis and neurodegeneration. Despite this knowledge, therapeutic agents specifically targeting the WNT pathway have only recently entered clinical trials and none has yet been approved. This Review examines the problems and potential solutions to this vexing situation and attempts to bring them into perspective.
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84
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Gödde NJ, Pearson HB, Smith LK, Humbert PO. Dissecting the role of polarity regulators in cancer through the use of mouse models. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:249-57. [PMID: 25179759 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Loss of cell polarity and tissue architecture is a hallmark of aggressive epithelial cancers. In addition to serving as an initial barrier to tumorigenesis, evidence in the literature has pointed towards a highly conserved role for many polarity regulators during tumor formation and progression. Here, we review recent developments in the field that have been driven by genetically engineered mouse models that establish the tumor suppressive and context dependent oncogenic function of cell polarity regulators in vivo. These studies emphasize the complexity of the polarity network during cancer formation and progression, and reveal the need to interpret polarity protein function in a cell-type and tissue specific manner. They also highlight how aberrant polarity signaling could provide a novel route for therapeutic intervention to improve our management of malignancies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Gödde
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia
| | - Helen B Pearson
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorey K Smith
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Cell Cycle and Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A׳Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC 8006, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Departments of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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85
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Tang SC, Chen YC. Novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10825-10844. [PMID: 25152585 PMCID: PMC4138462 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has become the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the last two decades. Only 3%-15% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer had 5 year survival rate. Drug resistance, high metastasis, poor prognosis and tumour relapse contributed to the malignancies and difficulties in treating pancreatic cancer. The current standard chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer is gemcitabine, however its efficacy is far from satisfactory, one of the reasons is due to the complex tumour microenvironment which decreases effective drug delivery to target cancer cell. Studies of the molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer have revealed that activation of KRAS, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2, inactivation of p16INK4A and loss of p53 activities occurred in pancreatic cancer. Co-administration of gemcitabine and targeting the molecular pathological events happened in pancreatic cancer has brought an enhanced therapeutic effectiveness of gemcitabine. Therefore, studies looking for novel targets in hindering pancreatic tumour growth are emerging rapidly. In order to give a better understanding of the current findings and to seek the direction in future pancreatic cancer research; in this review we will focus on targets suppressing tumour metastatsis and progression, KRAS activated downstream effectors, the relationship of Notch signaling and Nodal/Activin signaling with pancreatic cancer cells, the current findings of non-coding RNAs in inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, brief discussion in transcription remodeling by epigenetic modifiers (e.g., HDAC, BMI1, EZH2) and the plausible therapeutic applications of cancer stem cell and hyaluronan in tumour environment.
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86
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Sueishi M. Short hairpin RNA of frizzled-2 suppresses the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1519-1522. [PMID: 25202360 PMCID: PMC4156231 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Frizzled-2 (Fz2), a receptor of the Wnt ligand, was investigated as a potential target of molecular therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine the expression levels of Fz2. A surgical specimen of HCC was immunostained with an Fz2 antibody. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt assay was performed on HCC cell lines, including HLF and Hep3B, 72 h after the transfection of the short hairpin (sh)RNA of Fz2 (shRNA-Fz2). RNA was isolated from the Hep3B and HLF cells 48 h after transfection and subjected to quantitative PCR. All cell lines had elevated levels of Fz2 compared with those in an adult liver. The highest and lowest expression levels of Fz2 were 246.9±15.7 in the HLF cells and 5.8±1.4 in the Hep3B cells, respectively. Fz2 was expressed in the tumorous HCC tissue, but not in the surrounding non-tumorous tissue. Cell proliferation was suppressed to 28.6±6.4% in the HLF cells and to 29.8±4.3% in the Hep3B cells at 100 ng shRNA-Fz2 per well. Levels of cyclin D1 expression decreased to 65.2±5.9% in the HLF cells and to 60.8±14.6% in the Hep3B cells at 2.5 μg per well. In conclusion, Fz2 was upregulated in the HCC cells. shRNA-Fz2 suppressed the proliferation of the Hep3B and HLF cells, decreasing Fz2 expression. As it was not expressed in the surrounding non-tumorous tissue, Fz2 may be an ideal molecular therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
| | - Makoto Sueishi
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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87
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Asad M, Wong MK, Tan TZ, Choolani M, Low J, Mori S, Virshup D, Thiery JP, Huang RYJ. FZD7 drives in vitro aggressiveness in Stem-A subtype of ovarian cancer via regulation of non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1346. [PMID: 25032869 PMCID: PMC4123093 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) can be classified into five biologically distinct molecular subgroups: epithelial-A (Epi-A), Epi-B, mesenchymal (Mes), Stem-A and Stem-B. Among them, Stem-A expresses genes relating to stemness and is correlated with poor clinical prognosis. In this study, we show that frizzled family receptor 7 (FZD7), a receptor for Wnt signalling, is overexpressed in the Stem-A subgroup. To elucidate the functional roles of FZD7, we used an RNA interference gene knockdown approach in three Stem-A cell lines: CH1, PA1 and OV-17R. Si-FZD7 OC cells showed reduced cell proliferation with an increase in the G0/G1 sub-population, with no effect on apoptosis. The cells also displayed a distinctive morphologic change by colony compaction to become more epithelial-like and polarised with smaller internuclear distances and increased z-axis height. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining patterns of pan-cadherin and β-catenin suggested an increase in cadherin-based cell–cell adhesion in si-FZD7 cells. We also observed a significant rearrangement in the actin cytoskeleton and an increase in tensile contractility in si-FZD7 OC cells, as evident by the loss of stress fibres and the redistribution of phospho-myosin light chain (pMLC) from the sites of cell–cell contacts to the periphery of cell colonies. Furthermore, there was reciprocal regulation of RhoA (Ras homolog family member A) and Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rho family, small GTP-binding protein Rac1)) activities upon FZD7 knockdown, with a significant reduction in RhoA activity and a concomitant upregulation in Rac1 activity. These changes in pMLC and RhoA, as well as the increased TopFlash reporter activities in si-FZD7 cells, suggested involvement of the non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Selected PCP pathway genes (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3), prickle homolog 4 (Drosophila) (PRICKLE4), dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1), profilin 2 (PFN2), protocadherin 9 (PCDH9), protocadherin α1 (PCDHA1), protocadherin β17 pseudogene (PCDHB17), protocadherin β3 (PCDHB3), sprouty homolog 1 (SPRY1) and protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7)) were found to be more highly expressed in Stem-A than non Stem-A subgroup of OC. Taken together, our results suggest that FZD7 might drive aggressiveness in Stem-A OC by regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, maintenance of the Mes phenotype and cell migration via casein kinase 1ɛ-mediated non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asad
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M K Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T Z Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Low
- 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [2] National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Mori
- Division of Cancer Genomics, Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - D Virshup
- Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J P Thiery
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore [2] National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [3] Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [4] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Y-J Huang
- 1] Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore [2] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [3] National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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88
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Golubkov VS, Prigozhina NL, Zhang Y, Stoletov K, Lewis JD, Schwartz PE, Hoffman RM, Strongin AY. Protein-tyrosine pseudokinase 7 (PTK7) directs cancer cell motility and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24238-49. [PMID: 25006253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.574459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that widely expressed PTK7 is essential for vertebrate tissue morphogenesis. In cancer, the functionality of PTK7 is selectively regulated by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), ADAMs (a disintegrin domain and metalloproteinases), and γ-secretase proteolysis. Here, we established that the full-length membrane PTK7, its Chuzhoi mutant with the two functional MT1-MMP cleavage sites, and its L622D mutant with the single inactivated MT1-MMP cleavage site differentially regulate cell motility in a two-dimensional versus three-dimensional environment. We also demonstrated that in polarized cancer cells, the levels of PTK7 expression and proteolysis were directly linked to the structure and kinetics of cell protrusions, including lamellipodia and invadopodia. In the functionally relevant and widely accepted animal models of metastasis, mouse and chick embryo models, both the overexpression and knock-out of PTK7 in HT1080 cells abrogated metastatic dissemination. Our analysis of human tissue specimens confirmed intensive proteolysis of PTK7 in colorectal cancer tumors, but not in matching normal tissue. Our results provide convincing evidence that both PTK7 expression and proteolysis, rather than the level of the cellular full-length PTK7 alone, contribute to efficient directional cell motility and metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav S Golubkov
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California 92111
| | | | - John D Lewis
- the Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California 92111, the Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California 92103
| | - Alex Y Strongin
- From the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
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89
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Fan M, Sethuraman A, Brown M, Sun W, Pfeffer LM. Systematic analysis of metastasis-associated genes identifies miR-17-5p as a metastatic suppressor of basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 146:487-502. [PMID: 25001613 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-3040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify metastasis-associated genes/signaling pathways in basal-like breast tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis of two public meta-datasets and functional classification was used to identify genes/signaling pathways significantly associated with distant metastasis free survival. Integrated analysis of expression correlation and interaction between mRNAs and miRNAs was used to identify miRNAs that potentially regulate the expression of metastasis-associated genes. The novel metastatic suppressive role of miR-17-5p was examined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Over 4,000 genes previously linked to breast tumor progression were examined, leading to identification of 61 and 69 genes significantly associated with shorter and longer DMFS intervals of patients with basal-like tumors, respectively. Functional annotation linked most of the pro-metastatic genes to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and three intertwining EMT-driving pathways (hypoxia, TGFB and Wnt), whereas most of the anti-metastatic genes to interferon signaling pathway. Members of three miRNA families (i.e., miR-17, miR-200 and miR-96) were identified as potential regulators of the pro-metastatic genes. The novel anti-metastatic function of miR-17-5p was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. We demonstrated that miR-17-5p inhibition in breast cancer cells enhanced expression of multiple pro-metastatic genes, rendered cells metastatic properties, and accelerated lung metastasis from orthotopic xenografts. In contrast, intratumoral administration of miR-17-5p mimic significantly reduced lung metastasis. These results provide evidence supporting that EMT activation and IFN pathway inactivation are markers of metastatic progression of basal-like tumors, and members of miR-17, miR-200, and miR-96 families play a role in suppressing EMT and metastasis. The metastasis-associated genes identified in this study have potential prognostic values and functional implications, thus, can be exploited as therapeutic targets to prevent metastasis of basal-like breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 19 South Manassas Street, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA,
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90
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Wu J, Lu P, Yang T, Wang L. Meta-analysis of the differentially expressed breast cancer-related microRNA expression profiles. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 34:630-3. [PMID: 24922277 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.920782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNA molecules, play an important role in regulating gene expression in cancer development. Meta-analysis was used to screen overlapping differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in three studies. The miRanda was used to identify target genes related to overlapping DEmiRNAs. These Gene Ontology (GO) and Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database were applied to further predict the function of these target genes. As a result, we obtained seven overlapping miRNAs and six significantly over-represented GO terms closely related to breast cancer. After KEGG pathways analysis, a total of seven key target genes were involved in the Wnt signalling pathway (p = 0.0002). Our findings from this study suggest that the altered levels of miRNAs might have great potential to serve as novel, non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center Henan
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91
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Thu KL, Becker-Santos DD, Radulovich N, Pikor LA, Lam WL, Tsao MS. SOX15 and other SOX family members are important mediators of tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types. Oncoscience 2014; 1:326-35. [PMID: 25594027 PMCID: PMC4278306 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX genes are transcription factors with important roles in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. The SOX family of 20 genes is responsible for regulating lineage and tissue specific gene expression patterns, controlling numerous developmental processes including cell differentiation, sex determination, and organogenesis. As is the case with many genes involved in regulating development, SOX genes are frequently deregulated in cancer. In this perspective we provide a brief overview of how SOX proteins can promote or suppress cancer growth. We also present a pan-cancer analysis of aberrant SOX gene expression and highlight potential molecular mechanisms responsible for their disruption in cancer. Our analyses indicate the prominence of SOX deregulation in different cancer types and reveal potential roles for SOX genes not previously described in cancer. Finally, we summarize our recent identification of SOX15 as a candidate tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer and propose several research avenues to pursue to further delineate the emerging role of SOX15 in development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie L Thu
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | | | | | | | - Wan L Lam
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network at the University of Toronto
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92
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Velho S, Pinto A, Licastro D, Oliveira MJ, Sousa F, Stupka E, Seruca R. Dissecting the signaling pathways associated with the oncogenic activity of MLK3 P252H mutation. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:182. [PMID: 24628919 PMCID: PMC3995575 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MLK3 gene mutations were described to occur in about 20% of microsatellite unstable gastrointestinal cancers and to harbor oncogenic activity. In particular, mutation P252H, located in the kinase domain, was found to have a strong transforming potential, and to promote the growth of highly invasive tumors when subcutaneously injected in nude mice. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the oncogenic activity of P252H mutant remained elusive. METHODS In this work, we performed Illumina Whole Genome arrays on three biological replicas of human HEK293 cells stably transfected with the wild-type MLK3, the P252H mutation and with the empty vector (Mock) in order to identify the putative signaling pathways associated with P252H mutation. RESULTS Our microarray results showed that mutant MLK3 deregulates several important colorectal cancer- associated signaling pathways such as WNT, MAPK, NOTCH, TGF-beta and p53, helping to narrow down the number of potential MLK3 targets responsible for its oncogenic effects. A more detailed analysis of the alterations affecting the WNT signaling pathway revealed a down-regulation of molecules involved in the canonical pathway, such as DVL2, LEF1, CCND1 and c-Myc, and an up-regulation of DKK, a well-known negative regulator of canonical WNT signaling, in MLK3 mutant cells. Additionally, FZD6 and FZD10 genes, known to act as negative regulators of the canonical WNT signaling cascade and as positive regulators of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, a non-canonic WNT pathway, were found to be up-regulated in P252H cells. CONCLUSION The results provide an overall view of the expression profile associated with mutant MLK3, and they support the functional role of mutant MLK3 by showing a deregulation of several signaling pathways known to play important roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. The results also suggest that mutant MLK3 may be a novel modulator of WNT signaling, and pinpoint the activation of PCP pathway as a possible mechanism underlying the invasive potential of MLK3 mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgia Velho
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto,Portugal
| | - Ana Pinto
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto,Portugal
- New Therapies Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria José Oliveira
- New Therapies Group, INEB-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Sousa
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto,Portugal
| | - Elia Stupka
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto,Portugal
- Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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93
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Transcriptome profiling of a multiple recurrent muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder by deep sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91466. [PMID: 24622401 PMCID: PMC3951401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is one of the commonly diagnosed cancers in the world. The UCB has the highest rate of recurrence of any malignancy. A genome-wide screening of transcriptome dysregulation between cancer and normal tissue would provide insight into the molecular basis of UCB recurrence and is a key step to discovering biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Compared with microarray technology, which is commonly used to identify expression level changes, the recently developed RNA-seq technique has the ability to detect other abnormal regulations in the cancer transcriptome, such as alternative splicing. In this study, we performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing at ∼50× coverage on a recurrent muscle-invasive cisplatin-resistance UCB tissue and the adjacent non-tumor tissue. The results revealed cancer-specific differentially expressed genes between the tumor and non-tumor tissue enriched in the cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Five dysregulated genes, including CDH1, VEGFA, PTPRF, CLDN7, and MMP2 were confirmed by Real time qPCR in the sequencing samples and the additional eleven samples. Our data revealed that more than three hundred genes showed differential splicing patterns between tumor tissue and non-tumor tissue. Among these genes, we filtered 24 cancer-associated alternative splicing genes with differential exon usage. The findings from RNA-Seq were validated by Real time qPCR for CD44, PDGFA, NUMB, and LPHN2. This study provides a comprehensive survey of the UCB transcriptome, which provides better insight into the complexity of regulatory changes during recurrence and metastasis.
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94
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The Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling pathway contributes to the integrity of tight junctions in brain endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:433-40. [PMID: 24346691 PMCID: PMC3948118 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wnt morphogens released by neural precursor cells were recently reported to control blood-brain barrier (BBB) formation during development. Indeed, in mouse brain endothelial cells, activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, also known as the canonical Wnt pathway, was shown to stabilize endothelial tight junctions (TJs) through transcriptional regulation of the expression of TJ proteins. Because Wnt proteins activate several distinct β-catenin-dependent and independent signaling pathways, this study was designed to assess whether the noncanonical Wnt/Par/aPKC planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway might also control TJ integrity in brain endothelial cells. First we established, in the hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cell line, that the Par/aPKC PCP complex colocalizes with TJs and controls apicobasal polarization. Second, using an siRNA approach, we showed that the Par/aPKC PCP complex regulates TJ stability and reassembling after osmotic shock. Finally, we provided evidence that Wnt5a signals in hCMEC/D3 cells through activation of the Par/aPKC PCP complex, independently of the Wnt canonical β-catenin-dependent pathway and significantly contributes to TJ integrity and endothelial apicobasal polarity. In conclusion, this study suggests that the Wnt/Par/aPKC PCP pathway, in addition to the Wnt/β-catenin canonical pathway, is a key regulator of the BBB.
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95
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Li Y, Naveed H, Kachalo S, Xu LX, Liang J. Mechanisms of regulating tissue elongation in Drosophila wing: impact of oriented cell divisions, oriented mechanical forces, and reduced cell size. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86725. [PMID: 24504016 PMCID: PMC3913577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell growth and cell division plays fundamental roles in tissue morphogenesis. However, the mechanisms of regulating tissue elongation through cell growth and cell division are still not well understood. The wing imaginal disc of Drosophila provides a model system that has been widely used to study tissue morphogenesis. Here we use a recently developed two-dimensional cellular model to study the mechanisms of regulating tissue elongation in Drosophila wing. We simulate the effects of directional cues on tissue elongation. We also computationally analyze the role of reduced cell size. Our simulation results indicate that oriented cell divisions, oriented mechanical forces, and reduced cell size can all mediate tissue elongation, but they function differently. We show that oriented cell divisions and oriented mechanical forces act as directional cues during tissue elongation. Between these two directional cues, oriented mechanical forces have a stronger influence than oriented cell divisions. In addition, we raise the novel hypothesis that reduced cell size may significantly promote tissue elongation. We find that reduced cell size alone cannot drive tissue elongation. However, when combined with directional cues, such as oriented cell divisions or oriented mechanical forces, reduced cell size can significantly enhance tissue elongation in Drosophila wing. Furthermore, our simulation results suggest that reduced cell size has a short-term effect on cell topology by decreasing the frequency of hexagonal cells, which is consistent with experimental observations. Our simulation results suggest that cell divisions without cell growth play essential roles in tissue elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hammad Naveed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Sema Kachalo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa X. Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Medical Equipment and Technology, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LXX); (JL)
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LXX); (JL)
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Liu B, Li G, Wang X, Liu Y. A furin inhibitor downregulates osteosarcoma cell migration by downregulating the expression levels of MT1-MMP via the Wnt signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1033-1038. [PMID: 24944664 PMCID: PMC3961323 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the exact mechanism of the effect of a furin inhibitor on the migration and invasion of MG-63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells. MG-63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells were treated with regular culture medium in the presence or absence of 480 nM α1-antitrypsin Portland (α1-PDX). Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used for the detection of the effects of α1-PDX on MG-63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the expression levels of membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), Wnt and β-catenin. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used for detection of the levels of MT1-MMP gene transcription activity. The results showed that α1-PDX treatment significantly reduced the migration and invasion ability of the cells. Notably, the expression levels of MT1-MMP decreased evidently upon α1-PDX treatment, paralleled with reductions in the expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin. Further analysis of the transcriptional activity of MT1-MMP revealed that the α1-PDX-induced downregulation of the levels of MT1-MMP was mediated by the Wnt signaling pathway. These data suggest that α1-PDX plays a vital role in inhibiting MG-63 and Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by downregulating the expression levels of MT1-MMP via the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, P.R. China
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97
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Bin-Nun N, Lichtig H, Malyarova A, Levy M, Elias S, Frank D. PTK7 modulates Wnt signaling activity via LRP6. Development 2014; 141:410-21. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.095984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a transmembrane protein expressed in the developing Xenopus neural plate. PTK7 regulates vertebrate planar cell polarity (PCP), controlling mesodermal and neural convergent-extension (CE) cell movements, neural crest migration and neural tube closure in vertebrate embryos. Besides CE phenotypes, we now show that PTK7 protein knockdown also inhibits Wnt/β-catenin activity. Canonical Wnt signaling caudalizes the neural plate via direct transcriptional activation of the meis3 TALE-class homeobox gene, which subsequently induces neural CE. PTK7 controls meis3 gene expression to specify posterior tissue and downstream PCP activity. Furthermore, PTK7 morphants phenocopy embryos depleted for Wnt3a, LRP6 and Meis3 proteins. PTK7 protein depletion inhibits embryonic Wnt/β-catenin signaling by strongly reducing LRP6 protein levels. LRP6 protein positively modulates Wnt/β-catenin, but negatively modulates Wnt/PCP activities. The maintenance of high LRP6 protein levels by PTK7 triggers PCP inhibition. PTK7 and LRP6 proteins physically interact, suggesting that PTK7 stabilization of LRP6 protein reciprocally regulates both canonical and noncanonical Wnt activities in the embryo. We suggest a novel role for PTK7 protein as a modulator of LRP6 that negatively regulates Wnt/PCP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Bin-Nun
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Hava Lichtig
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Anastasia Malyarova
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Michal Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Sara Elias
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dale Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
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98
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Zhou S, Gao R, Hu W, Qian T, Wang N, Ding G, Ding F, Yu B, Gu X. miR-9 inhibits Schwann cell migration by targeting CTHRC1 following sciatic nerve injury. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:967-76. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.131672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulative effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on responses of Schwann cells to a nerve injury stimulus are not yet clear. In this study, we noted that the expression of 8 miRNAs was downregulated at different time points following rat sciatic nerve transection, and found that 368 potential targets of the 8 miRNAs were mainly involved in phenotypic modulation of Schwann cells. Out of the 8 miRNAs, miR-9 was identified as an important functional regulator of Schwann cell migration that represented a critical regenerative response of Schwann cells to nerve injury. In vitro, upregulated expression of miR-9 inhibited Schwann cell migration while silencing of miR-9 promoted Schwann cell migration. Intriguingly, miR-9 exerted this regulative function by directly targeting collagen triple helix repeat containing protein 1 (CTHRC1), which in turn inactivated downstream Rac1 GTPase. Rac1 inhibitor reduced the promotive effects of anti-miR-9 on Schwann cell migration. In vivo, high expression of miR-9 reduced Schwann cell migration within a nerve regenerative microenvironment. Collectively, our results confirmed the role of miR-9 in regulating Schwann cell migration after nerve injury, thus offering a new approach to peripheral nerve repair.
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99
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WNT signaling in neoplasia. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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100
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Ho CS, Yap SH, Phuah NH, In LLA, Hasima N. MicroRNAs associated with tumour migration, invasion and angiogenic properties in A549 and SK-Lu1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Lung Cancer 2013; 83:154-62. [PMID: 24360396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysregulation in miRNA expression contributes towards the initiation and progression of metastasis by regulating multiple target genes. In this study, variations in miRNA expression profiles were investigated between high and low invasive NSCLC cell lines followed by identification of miRNAs with targets governing NSCLC's metastatic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two NSCLC sub-cell lines possessing opposing migration and invasion properties were established using serial transwell invasion assays. Global miRNA expression profiles were obtained using microarray followed by RT-qPCR validation. Target prediction and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted on dysregulated miRNAs using DIANA-mirPath, DIANA-microT 4.0 and TargetScan 5.2 softwares. Metastatic effects of dysregulated miRNAs were evaluated using wound healing assay, invasion assay and HUVEC angiogenesis assay following transfection with mimics and inhibitors. RESULTS A total of eleven differentially expressed miRNAs were revealed from microarray analyses, with four miRNAs validated through RT-qPCR. Three of these miRNAs were further selected for biological function validations, with only two modulating metastasis. A pathway model describing interactions between miRNAs and metastasis highlighted four major pathways: non-canonical Wnt/PCP, TGF-β, MAPK and integrin-FAK-Src signalling cascade. CONCLUSION These results provide a list of potential candidate metastatic markers during the classification of NSCLCs and a platform for the development of bio-therapeutics targeting these miRNA control elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai San Ho
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seow Hui Yap
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Neoh Hun Phuah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel L A In
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hasima
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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