51
|
Gushchina LV, Kwiatkowski TA, Bhattacharya S, Weisleder NL. Conserved structural and functional aspects of the tripartite motif gene family point towards therapeutic applications in multiple diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 185:12-25. [PMID: 29097306 PMCID: PMC5721676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) gene family is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that can establish substrate specificity for the ubiquitin-proteasome complex and also have proteasome-independent functions. While several family members were studied previously, it is relatively recent that over 80 genes, based on sequence homology, were grouped to establish the TRIM gene family. Functional studies of various TRIM genes linked these proteins to modulation of inflammatory responses showing that they can contribute to a wide variety of disease states including cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as various forms of cancer. Given the fundamental role of the ubiquitin-proteasome complex in protein turnover and the importance of this regulation in most aspects of cellular physiology, it is not surprising that TRIM proteins display a wide spectrum of functions in a variety of cellular processes. This broad range of function and the highly conserved primary amino acid sequence of family members, particularly in the canonical TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase domain, complicates the development of therapeutics that specifically target these proteins. A more comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of TRIM proteins will help guide therapeutic development for a number of different diseases. This review summarizes the structural organization of TRIM proteins, their domain architecture, common and unique post-translational modifications within the family, and potential binding partners and targets. Further discussion is provided on efforts to target TRIM proteins as therapeutic agents and how our increasing understanding of the nature of TRIM proteins can guide discovery of other therapeutics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Gushchina
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A Kwiatkowski
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Noah L Weisleder
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Pagliaro P, Femminò S, Popara J, Penna C. Mitochondria in Cardiac Postconditioning. Front Physiol 2018; 9:287. [PMID: 29632499 PMCID: PMC5879113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cardioprotection. Here we report some fundamental studies which considered the role of mitochondrial components (connexin 43, mitochondrial KATP channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pore) in postconditioning cardioprotection. We briefly discuss the role of mitochondria, reactive oxygen species and gaseous molecules in postconditioning. Also the effects of anesthetics-used as cardioprotective substances-is briefly considered in the context of postconditioning. The role of mitochondrial postconditioning signaling in determining the limitation of cell death is underpinned. Issues in clinical translation are briefly considered. The aim of the present mini-review is to discuss in a historical perspective the role of main mitochondria mechanisms in cardiac postconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jasmin Popara
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ong SB, Katwadi K, Kwek XY, Ismail NI, Chinda K, Ong SG, Hausenloy DJ. Non-coding RNAs as therapeutic targets for preventing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:247-261. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1439015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bing Ong
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khairunnisa Katwadi
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiu-Yi Kwek
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Izzah Ismail
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute of Singapore, National Heart CentreSingapore, Singapore
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Saeid F, Aniseh J, Reza B, Manouchehr VS. Signaling mediators modulated by cardioprotective interventions in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1463-1481. [PMID: 29442529 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318756420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart diseases are one of the major causes of death in the world. In most patients, ischaemic heart disease is coincident with other risk factors such as diabetes. Patients with diabetes are more prone to cardiac ischaemic dysfunctions including ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditionings are reliable interventions to protect the myocardium against ischaemia-reperfusion injuries through activating various signaling pathways and intracellular mediators. Diabetes can disrupt the intracellular signaling cascades involved in these myocardial protections, and studies have revealed that cardioprotective effects of the conditioning interventions are diminished in the diabetic condition. The complex pathophysiology and poor prognosis of ischaemic heart disease among people with diabetes necessitate the investigation of the interaction of diabetes with ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotective mechanisms. Reducing the outcomes of ischaemia-reperfusion injury using targeted strategies would be particularly helpful in this population. In this study, we review the protective interventional signaling pathways and mediators which are activated by ischaemic conditioning strategies in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feyzizadeh Saeid
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,2 Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,3 Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javadi Aniseh
- 4 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Badalzadeh Reza
- 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,5 Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vafaee S Manouchehr
- 6 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense-Denmark.,7 Institute of Clinical Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense-Denmark.,8 Neuroscience Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zhou T, Prather ER, Garrison DE, Zuo L. Interplay between ROS and Antioxidants during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injuries in Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020417. [PMID: 29385043 PMCID: PMC5855639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (IR), present in myocardial infarction or extremity injuries, is a major clinical issue and leads to substantial tissue damage. Molecular mechanisms underlying IR injury in striated muscles involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation results in cellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and initiation of cell death by activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Elevated ROS levels can also decrease myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity, thereby compromising muscle contractile function. Low levels of ROS can act as signaling molecules involved in the protective pathways of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). By scavenging ROS, antioxidant therapies aim to prevent IR injuries with positive treatment outcomes. Novel therapies such as postconditioning and pharmacological interventions that target IPC pathways hold great potential in attenuating IR injuries. Factors such as aging and diabetes could have a significant impact on the severity of IR injuries. The current paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on the multifaceted roles of ROS in IR injuries, with a focus on cardiac and skeletal muscle, as well as recent advancement in ROS-related therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyang Zhou
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Evan R Prather
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Davis E Garrison
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Remote Ischemic Postconditioning Protects against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibition of the RAGE-HMGB1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4565630. [PMID: 29789792 PMCID: PMC5896327 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4565630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of RAGE-HMGB1 signal pathway on remote ischemic postconditioning in mice with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods Mice model of MIRI was established and randomly divided into three groups: control group, ischemia reperfusion group, and remote ischemic postconditioning group. Infarction size was detected by Evans blue and TTC staining. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography measurement. The protein levels of RAGE, HMGB1, P-AKT, and ERK1/2 were detected by Western blot 120 min following reperfusion. Results RIPostC could decrease the infarct size and increase LVEF and FS compared with I/R group. Two hours after myocardial ischemia reperfusion, the levels of RAGE and HMGB1 were significantly decreased in RIPostC group compared with those in I/R group. The level of p-AKT was significantly higher in the RIPostC group than in the I/R group. LY294002 significantly attenuated RIPostC-increased levels of Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion RIPostC may inhibit the expression of RAGE and HMGB1 and activate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to extenuate ischemic reperfusion injury in mice. It could further suppress the oxidative stress, have antiapoptosis effect, and reduce inflammatory reaction, but this effect has certain timeliness.
Collapse
|
57
|
Acute Myocardial Infarction, Cardioprotection, and Muse Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1103:153-166. [PMID: 30484228 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56847-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Severe MI leads to heart failure due to a marked loss of functional cardiomyocytes. First-line treatment for AMI is to reperfuse the occluded coronary artery by PCI as soon as possible. Besides PCI, there are several therapies to reduce the infarct size and improve the cardiac function and remodeling. These are drug therapies such as pharmacological pre- and postconditioning, cytokine therapies, and stem cell therapies. None of these therapies have been clinically developed as a standard treatment for AMI. Among many cell sources for stem cell therapies, the Muse cell is an endogenous non-tumorigenic pluripotent stem cell, which is able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers from a single cell, suggesting that the Muse cell is a potential cell source for regenerative medicine. Endogenous Muse cell dynamics in the acute phase plays an important role in the prognosis of AMI patients; AMI patients with a higher number of Muse cells in the peripheral blood in the acute phase show more favorable improvement of the cardiac function and remodeling in the chronic phase, suggesting their innate reparative function for the heart. Intravenously administered exogenous Muse cells engrafted preferentially and efficiently to infarct border areas via the S1P-S1PR2 axis and differentiated spontaneously into working cardiomyocytes and vessels, showed paracrine effects, markedly reduced the myocardial infarct size, and delivered long-lasting improvement of the cardiac function and remodeling for 6 months. These findings suggest that Muse cells are reparative stem cells, and thus their clinical application is warranted.
Collapse
|
58
|
Abstract
The opioid receptor family, with associated endogenous ligands, has numerous roles throughout the body. Moreover, the delta opioid receptor (DORs) has various integrated roles within the physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. While DORs are important modulators of cardiovascular autonomic balance, they are well-established contributors to cardioprotective mechanisms. Both endogenous and exogenous opioids acting upon DORs have roles in myocardial hibernation and protection against ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. Downstream signalling mechanisms governing protective responses alternate, depending on the timing and duration of DOR activation. The following review describes models and mechanisms of DOR-mediated cardioprotection, the impact of co-morbidities and challenges for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, QLD, Australia
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Schreckenberg R, Bencsik P, Weber M, Abdallah Y, Csonka C, Gömöri K, Kiss K, Pálóczi J, Pipis J, Sárközy M, Ferdinandy P, Schulz R, Schlüter KD. Adverse Effects on β-Adrenergic Receptor Coupling: Ischemic Postconditioning Failed to Preserve Long-Term Cardiac Function. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006809. [PMID: 29273639 PMCID: PMC5779008 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) are currently among the most efficient strategies protecting the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the effect of IPC and IPoC on functional recovery following ischemia/reperfusion is less clear, particularly with regard to the specific receptor-mediated signaling of the postischemic heart. The current article examines the effect of IPC or IPoC on the regulation and coupling of β-adrenergic receptors and their effects on postischemic left ventricular function. METHODS AND RESULTS The β-adrenergic signal transduction was analyzed in 3-month-old Wistar rats for each of the intervention strategies (Sham, ischemia/reperfusion, IPC, IPoC) immediately and 7 days after myocardial infarction. Directly after the infarction a cardioprotective potential was demonstrated for both IPC and IPoC: the infarct size was reduced, apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species were lowered, and the myocardial tissue was preserved. Seven days after myocardial ischemia, only IPC hearts showed significant functional improvement. Along with a deterioration in fractional shortening, IPoC hearts no longer responded adequately to β-adrenergic stimulation. The stabilization of β-adrenergic receptor kinase-2 via increased phosphorylation of Mdm2 (an E3-ubiquitin ligase) was responsible for desensitization of β-adrenergic receptors and identified as a characteristic specific to IPoC hearts. CONCLUSIONS Immediately after myocardial infarction, rapid and transient activation of β-adrenergic receptor kinase-2 may be an appropriate means to protect the injured heart from excessive stress. In the long term, however, induction and stabilization of β-adrenergic receptor kinase-2, with the resultant loss of positive inotropic function, leads to the functional picture of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Schreckenberg
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Martin Weber
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Yaser Abdallah
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Csaba Csonka
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Gömöri
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kiss
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pálóczi
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Márta Sárközy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Jia Z, Lian W, Shi H, Cao C, Han S, Wang K, Li M, Zhang X. Ischemic Postconditioning Protects Against Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the HIF-1α/miR-21 Axis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16190. [PMID: 29170412 PMCID: PMC5700993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can lead to tissue damage associated with inflammation and mucosal apoptosis. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC), a series of repeated, brief, intermittent periods of ischemia and reperfusion, has beneficial effects against I/R-induced injury in the heart and intestine, although the underlying mechanisms for these effects remain unclear. We evaluated the involvement of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in the protective effects of IPostC in a rat model of I/R induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion and reopening. IPostC decreased I/R injury and suppressed apoptosis in the intestinal tissues concomitant with the induction of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and the upregulation of miR-21. In vitro experiments in the intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6 showed that hypoxia induced miR-21 and this effect was abolished by silencing HIF1-α, confirming the induction of miR-21 by HIF1-α, HIF1-α or miR-21 inhibition exacerbated I/R induced apoptosis, and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and Fas-L was involved in miR-21 mediated anti-apoptotic effects on intestinal epithelial cells. Knockdown of miR-21 or inhibition of HIF1-α abolished the IPostC-mediated attenuation of intestinal injury and apoptosis and the downregulation of PDCD4 and Fas-L. A potential mechanism underlying the protective effect of IPostC may therefore involve the induction of miR-21 by HIF1-α and the attenuation of apoptosis via the downregulation of PDCD4 and Fas-L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Jia
- Department of Interventional Radiology, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Chang zhou, 213003, China
| | - Weishuai Lian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Chang zhou, 213003, China
| | - Chuanwu Cao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shilong Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, No. 2 People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Chang zhou, 213003, China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Medical Intervention Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
He X, Li S, Fang X, Liao Y. TDCPP protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury induced apoptosis through mitigating calcium overload and promotion GSK-3β phosphorylation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:39-45. [PMID: 29129621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
TDCPP, Tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate belongs to a group of chemicals known as triester organophosphate flame retardants, It can alter calcium homeostasis at much lower concentrations in normal conditions, but the mechanism is unclear till now. Calcium overload is a leading cause of apoptosis in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, thus how to mitigate Ca2+-overload is deserved to be investigated. We therefore hypothesized that TDCPP could attenuate cardiomyocytes apoptosis in I/R injury. H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) experiments in vitro were used to simulate in vivo I/R injury. The present study aimed to explore the potential effect of TDCPP in cardiomyocytes after H/R injury, Ca2+ imaging technique was used to explore SOCE(store-operated calcium entry) and Ca2+-overload levels, western blot technique was used to explore the potential target, the cell morphology, cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were also detected. The results have shown that: TDCPP could decrease SOCE, restore H9c2 cell viability, mitigate Ca2+-overload in H/R injury and reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, TDCPP decreased STIM1 expression and promoted GSK3β phosphorylation. Collectively, for the first time, this study suggest the antiapoptosis roles of TDCPP in H/R injury are via mitigation Ca2+-overload and promoting GSK-3β phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiju He
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China; Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Shoutian Li
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Fang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 42000, China.
| | - Yanhong Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Hsu CE, Shyu VBH, Wen CJ, Wei FC, Huang XT, Cheng HY. The rat groin flap model redesigned for evaluating treatment effects on ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2017; 222:160-166. [PMID: 29273367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is a wide application of the rat extended groin flap (epigastric skin flap) in studying different clinical issues, inconsistency arises between studies because many parameters of the extended groin flap have not been well defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The flap is based on the superficial inferior epigastric vessels, which give into a lateral and a medial branch distally. Herein, three steps were taken to redesign this model: First, the ventral vascular anatomy was visualized through an imaging study to determine the flap borders. Second, different ischemic durations were induced on five groups of Lewis rats (n = 5 in each group) by clamping the femoral artery; group 1 (sham group) received no ischemic insult after elevation and was immediately repositioned, and groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 12-, 14-, 16-, and 18-hour ischemia, respectively. Percentage of necrosis area was measured after 5 days. Third, the redesigned groin flap model was tested with the ischemic postconditioning for validation. RESULTS The flap borders were determined such that both branches of the superficial inferior epigastric vessels were always included to ensure blood supply consistency. As the 14-hour ischemia induced the least variation in necrotic area on rats, it was chosen for further studies. In addition, ischemic postconditioning after 14-hr ischemia resulted in significant reduction of necrosis in this model. CONCLUSIONS We have redesigned the extended groin flap model with better-defined borders and consistent vascular anatomy. The ischemia duration was calibrated with predictable necrosis pattern and the practicality was demonstrated. With this model, precise assessment of treatment efficacies on ischemia-reperfusion injury could be achieved in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-En Hsu
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Victor Bong-Hang Shyu
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Wen
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ting Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Gueishan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Chen GH, Xu CS, Zhang J, Li Q, Cui HH, Li XD, Chang LP, Tang RJ, Xu JY, Tian XQ, Huang PS, Xu J, Jin C, Yang YJ. Inhibition of miR-128-3p by Tongxinluo Protects Human Cardiomyocytes from Ischemia/reperfusion Injury via Upregulation of p70s6k1/p-p70s6k1. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:775. [PMID: 29163161 PMCID: PMC5670141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Tongxinluo (TXL) is a multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, no studies have explored whether TXL can protect human cardiomyocytes (HCMs) from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway activation was previously demonstrated to protect the hearts against I/R injury and it is generally activated via Akt or (and) Erk 1/2, and their common downstream protein, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70s6k). In addition, prior studies proved that TXL treatment of cells promoted secretion of VEGF, which could be stimulated by the increased phosphorylation of one p70s6k subtype, p70s6k1. Consequently, we hypothesized TXL could protect HCMs from I/R injury by activating p70s6k1 and investigated the underlying mechanism. Methods and Results: HCMs were exposed to hypoxia (18 h) and reoxygenation (2 h) (H/R), with or without TXL pretreatment. H/R reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased bax/bcl-2 ratios and cytochrome C levels and induced HCM apoptosis. TXL preconditioning reversed these H/R-induced changes in a dose-dependent manner and was most effective at 400 μg/mL. The anti-apoptotic effect of TXL was abrogated by rapamycin, an inhibitor of p70s6k. However, inhibitors of Erk1/2 (U0126) or Akt (LY294002) failed to inhibit the protective effect of TXL. TXL increased p70s6k1 expression and, thus, enhanced its phosphorylation. Furthermore, transfection of cardiomyocytes with siRNA to p70s6k1 abolished the protective effects of TXL. Among the micro-RNAs (miR-145-5p, miR-128-3p and miR-497-5p) previously reported to target p70s6k1, TXL downregulated miR-128-3p in HCMs during H/R, but had no effects on miR-145-5p and miR-497-5p. An in vivo study confirmed the role of the p70s6k1 pathway in the infarct-sparing effect of TXL, demonstrating that TXL decreased miR-128-3p levels in the rat myocardium during I/R. Transfection of HCMs with a hsa-miR-128-3p mimic eliminated the protective effects of TXL. Conclusions: The miR-128-3p/p70s6k1 signaling pathway is involved in protection by TXL against HCM apoptosis during H/R. Overexpression of p70s6k1 is, therefore, a potential new strategy for alleviating myocardial reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He-He Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Qiu Tian
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Sen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Blusztein DI, Brooks MJ, Andrews DT. A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating ischemic conditioning during percutaneous coronary intervention. Future Cardiol 2017; 13:579-592. [PMID: 29076346 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM A systematic review and meta-analysis, evaluating ischemic conditioning during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS & RESULTS A database search of randomized trials of ischemic conditioning in PCI created three subgroups for meta-analysis: mortality in elective PCI with remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC; subgroup 1a, n = 3) - no outcome difference between RIPreC and control (odds ratio: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.08-1.56), myocardial salvage index in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with RIPreC (subgroup 1b, n = 2) - favored RIPreC (mean difference: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.07-0.19), and infarct size in STEMI with local ischemic postconditioning (LIPostC) (subgroup 4b, n = 12) - favored LIPostC (mean difference: -4.13 g.m-2; 95% CI: -7.36 to -0.90 g.m-2). CONCLUSION RIPreC and LIPostC improve myocardial salvage index and myocardial infarct size respectively in PCI for STEMI. No mortality benefit detected with RIPreC in elective PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I Blusztein
- Cardiology Registrar, Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Matthew J Brooks
- Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - David T Andrews
- Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative & Pain Medicine Unit, The University of Melbourne, Grattan St, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,Visiting Anesthetist, Department of Anesthesia & Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan St, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Kim JS, Jang Y, Kim JH, Park YH, Hwang SA, Kim J, Lee SR, Xu Z, Ban C, Ahn K, Chun KJ. Cardioprotective Effect of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 Axis in Ischemic Postconditioning in Isolated Rat Hearts. Korean Circ J 2017; 47:949-959. [PMID: 29035436 PMCID: PMC5711687 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2016.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Information about the role of the stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α)/chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis in ischemic postconditioning (IPOC) is currently limited. We hypothesized that the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway is directly involved in the cardioprotective effect of IPOC. METHODS Isolated rat hearts were divided into four groups. The control group was subjected to 30-min of regional ischemia and 2-hour of reperfusion (n=12). The IPOC group was induced with 6 cycles of 10-second reperfusion and 10-second global ischemia (n=8) in each cycle. The CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, was applied before reperfusion in the IPOC group (AMD+IPOC group, n=11) and control group (AMD group, n=9). Hemodynamic changes with electrocardiography were monitored and infarct size was measured. The SDF-1α, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations in perfusate were measured. We also analyzed extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and Akt phosphorylation state expression. RESULTS IPOC significantly reduced infarct size, but AMD3100 attenuated the infarct reducing effect of IPOC. IPOC significantly decreased LDH and CK, but these effects were reversed by AMD3100. ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation increased with IPOC and these effects were blocked by AMD3100. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling may be involved in IPOC cardioprotection and this signaling pathway couples to the ERK1/2 and Akt pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Su Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Youngho Jang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - June Hong Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Ae Hwang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Kyohan Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Kook Jin Chun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Jeong J, Kim S, Lim DS, Kim SH, Doh H, Kim SD, Song YS. TLR5 Activation through NF-κB Is a Neuroprotective Mechanism of Postconditioning after Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:213-226. [PMID: 28912644 PMCID: PMC5597552 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.4.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postconditioning has been shown to protect the mouse brain from ischemic injury. However, the neuroprotective mechanisms of postconditioning remain elusive. We have found that toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) plays an integral role in postconditioning-induced neuroprotection through Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in cerebral ischemia. Compared to animals that received 30 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) group, animals that also underwent postconditioning showed a significant reduction of up to 60.51% in infarct volume. Postconditioning increased phospho-Akt (p-Akt) levels and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus as early as 1 h after tMCAO and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Furthermore, inhibition of Akt by Akt inhibitor IV decreased NF-κB promoter activity after postconditioning. Immunoprecipitation showed that interactions between TLR5, MyD88, and p-Akt were increased from postconditioning both in vivo and in vitro. Similar to postconditioning, flagellin, an agonist of TLR5, increased NF-κB nuclear translocation and Akt phosphorylation. Our results suggest that postconditioning has neuroprotective effects by activating NF-κB and Akt survival pathways via TLR5 after cerebral ischemia. Additionally, the TLR5 agonist flagellin can simulate the neuroprotective mechanism of postconditioning in cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Seo-Hea Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Heeju Doh
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - So-Dam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Remote tissue conditioning - An emerging approach for inducing body-wide protection against diseases of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:69-78. [PMID: 28552720 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have long accepted that exercise is 'good for us'; that - put more rigorously - moderate exercise is associated with not just aerobic fitness but also reduced morbidity and reduced mortality from cardiovascular disease and even malignancies. Caloric restriction (moderate hunger) and our exposure to dietary phytochemicals are also emerging as stresses which are 'good for us' in the same sense. This review focuses on an important extension of this concept: that stress localized within the body (e.g. in a limb) can induce resilience in tissues throughout the body. We describe evidence for the efficacy of two 'remote' protective interventions - remote ischemic conditioning and remote photobiomodulation - and discuss the mechanisms underlying their protective actions. While the biological phenomenon of remote tissue conditioning is only partially understood, it holds promise for protecting critical-to-life tissues while mitigating risks and practical barriers to direct conditioning of these tissues.
Collapse
|
68
|
Vincent A, Sportouch C, Covinhes A, Barrère C, Gallot L, Delgado-Betancourt V, Lattuca B, Solecki K, Boisguérin P, Piot C, Nargeot J, Barrère-Lemaire S. Cardiac mGluR1 metabotropic receptors in cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:644-655. [PMID: 28453728 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In a previous study using a genome-wide microarray strategy, we identified metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) as a putative cardioprotective candidate in ischaemic postconditioning (PostC). In the present study, we investigated the role of cardiac mGluR1 receptors during cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS mGluR1 activation by glutamate administered 5 min before reperfusion in C57Bl/6 mice subjected to a myocardial ischaemia protocol strongly decreased both infarct size and DNA fragmentation measured at 24 h reperfusion. This cardioprotective effect was mimicked by the mGluR1 agonist, DHPG (10 μM), and abolished when glutamate was coinjected with the mGluR1 antagonist YM298198 (100 nM). Wortmannin (100 nM), an inhibitor of PI3-kinase, was able to prevent glutamate-induced cardioprotection. A glutamate bolus at the onset of reperfusion failed to protect the heart of mGluR1 knockout mice subjected to a myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion protocol, although PostC still protected the mGluR1 KO mice. Glutamate-treatment improved post-infarction functional recovery as evidenced by an echocardiographic study performed 15 days after treatment and by a histological evaluation of fibrosis 21 days post-treatment. Interestingly, restoration of functional mGluR1s by a PostC stimulus was evidenced at the transcriptional level. Since mGluR1s were localized at the surface membrane of cardiomyocytes, they might contribute to the cardioprotective effect of ischaemic PostC as other Gq-coupled receptors. CONCLUSION This study provides the first demonstration that mGluR1 activation at the onset of reperfusion induces cardioprotection and might represent a putative strategy to prevent ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vincent
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Catherine Sportouch
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
- Département de cardiologie interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Covinhes
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Christian Barrère
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Laura Gallot
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Viviana Delgado-Betancourt
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Benoît Lattuca
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Kamila Solecki
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | | | - Christophe Piot
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
- Département de cardiologie interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Awada HK, Long DW, Wang Z, Hwang MP, Kim K, Wang Y. A single injection of protein-loaded coacervate-gel significantly improves cardiac function post infarction. Biomaterials 2017; 125:65-80. [PMID: 28231509 PMCID: PMC5405736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), the heart undergoes fibrotic pathological remodeling instead of repair and regeneration. With multiple pathologies developing after MI, treatment using several proteins is expected to address this range of pathologies more effectively than a single-agent therapy. A factorial design of experiments study guided us to combine three complementary factors in one injection: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) was embedded in a fibrin gel for signaling in the initial phase of the treatment, while basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha (SDF-1α) were embedded in heparin-based coacervates for sustained release and distributed within the same fibrin gel to exert their effects over a longer period. The gel was then tested in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Contractility of rat hearts treated with the protein coacervate-gel composite stabilized and slightly improved after the first week while contractility continued to decrease in rats treated with free proteins or saline over the 8 week study period. Hearts receiving the protein coacervate-gel composite treatment also exhibited reduced ventricular dilation, inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Revascularization, cardiomyocyte preservation, stem cell homing, and increased myocardial strain likely all contributed to the repair. This study demonstrates the potential of a multifactorial therapeutic approach in MI, using three complementary proteins delivered sequentially for comprehensive healing. The study also shows the necessity of controlled delivery for growth factors and cytokines to be an effective treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - D W Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - M P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - K Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15260, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Goyal A, Agrawal N. Ischemic preconditioning: Interruption of various disorders. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2017; 29:116-127. [PMID: 28373786 PMCID: PMC5366670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsha.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Reperfusion of an ischemic heart is necessary to regain the normal functioning of the heart. However, abrupt reperfusion of an ischemic heart elicits a cascade of adverse events that leads to injury of the myocardium, i.e., ischemia-reperfusion injury. An endogenous powerful strategy to protect the ischemic heart is ischemic preconditioning, in which the myocardium is subjected to short periods of sublethal ischemia and reperfusion before the prolonged ischemic insult. However, it should be noted that the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning is attenuated in some pathological conditions. The aim of this article is to review present knowledge on how menopause and some metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia affect myocardial ischemic preconditioning and the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India
| | - Neetu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U.P., India
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Nagy T, Hardi P, Takács I, Tóth M, Petrovics L, Jancsó G, Sínay L, Fazekas G, Pintér Ö, Arató E. Pentoxifylline attenuates the local and systemic inflammatory response after infrarenal abdominal aortic ischemia-reperfusion. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 65:229-240. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Nagy
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hardi
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Takács
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mónika Tóth
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Laura Petrovics
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Jancsó
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Sínay
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fazekas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Örs Pintér
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Arató
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
The age-associated loss of ischemic preconditioning in the kidney is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, increased protein acetylation and decreased autophagy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44430. [PMID: 28294175 PMCID: PMC5353572 DOI: 10.1038/srep44430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In young rats, ischemic preconditioning (IPC), which consists of 4 cycles of ischemia and reperfusion alleviated kidney injury caused by 40-min ischemia. However,old rats lost their ability to protect the ischemic kidney by IPC. A similar aged phenotype was demonstrated in 6-month-old OXYS rats having signs of premature aging. In the kidney of old and OXYS rats, the levels of acetylated nuclear proteins were higher than in young rats, however, unlike in young rats, acetylation levels in old and OXYS rats were further increased after IPC. In contrast to Wistar rats, age-matched OXYS demonstrated no increase in lysosome abundance and LC3 content in the kidney after ischemia/reperfusion. The kidney LC3 levels were also lower in OXYS, even under basal conditions, and mitochondrial PINK1 and ubiquitin levels were higher, suggesting impaired mitophagy. The kidney mitochondria from old rats contained a population with diminished membrane potential and this fraction was expanded by IPC. Apparently, oxidative changes with aging result in the appearance of malfunctioning renal mitochondria due to a low efficiency of autophagy. Elevated protein acetylation might be a hallmark of aging which is associated with a decreased autophagy, accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, and loss of protection against ischemia by IPC.
Collapse
|
73
|
Hou J, Wang H, Li X, Zhu Y. Remifentanil functions in the adaptive protection of cardiac function following ischemia. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1514-1520. [PMID: 28413502 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of remifentanil during adaptation followinsg myocardial ischemia, and its possible clinical applications. Remifentanil was used during the simulation of adaptation following ischemia, which was performed using a Langendorff heart perfusion system. A total of 75 rats were divided into five groups, and the coronary flow, cardiac output and the cardiac enzyme content in coronary effluent prior to ischemia and post-reperfusion were recorded. Electron microscopy was used to observe myocardial ultrastructure, and the volume of aortic and coronary effluent was also measured. The recovery of cardiac output upon reperfusion was significantly higher following remifentanil treatment (91%), as compared with the ischemic control group (78%; P<0.05). The coronary flow of the experimental group following reperfusion decreased by 4 ml/min compared with the control group not exposed to ischemia, whilst the coronary flow of the ischemic control group was reduced by 20-24 ml/min. Flameng scoring of the mitochondria demonstrated improved mitochondrial ultrastructure following remifentanil treatment (score, 1.25±0.31), as compared the ischemic control group (score, 3.14±0.17). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the remifentanil-treated group were significantly lower at 10 and 30 min post-reperfusion (15.3±7.1 and 10.2±6.8 U/l, respectively), as compared with the control group (29.7±8.3 and 20.6±6.8 U/l, respectively; P<0.05). The results of the present study suggested that the application of remifentanil following ischemia protected heart function via the opioid receptors by reducing myocardial enzyme release, and attenuating ischemia-induced changes to the myocardial cell and mitochondrial structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Huishan Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Hao J, Li WW, Du H, Zhao ZF, Liu F, Lu JC, Yang XC, Cui W. Role of Vitamin C in Cardioprotection of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activation of Mitochondrial KATP Channel. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:548-57. [PMID: 27250789 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
How to provide effective prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and study of the mechanism underlying I/R injury are hotspots of current research. This study aimed to elucidate the effect and cardioprotective mechanism of vitamin C (VC) on myocardial I/R injury. Our study introduced two different I/R models: I/R in vitro and oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) in primary neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. We used the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opener lonidamine (LND) and the mitochondrial KATP (mitoKATP) channel inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) to analyze the underlying mechanisms. We found that post-treatment with VC decreased I/R injury in our models. Post-treatment with VC significantly decreased I/R-induced injury, attenuated apoptosis, and maintained the functional integrity of mitochondria via alleviation of Ca(2+) overload, reactive oxygen species burst, inhibition of the opening of mPTP, and prevention of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization. VC post-treatment increased the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β. The present results demonstrate that VC might protect the myocardium from I/R-induced injury by inhibiting the mPTP opening via activation of mitoKATP channels. VC mediates cardioprotection via activation of the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway. These findings may contribute toward the development of novel strategies for clinical cardioprotection against I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although essential for successful recovery, myocardium reperfusion is associated with reperfusion injury. Icariin, a major flavonoid of Epimedium koreanum Nakai, has been proven to exert efficacy for improving cardiovascular function. We investigated the molecular effect and signal pathway of icariin on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. In an in vivo model of infarct in rats, icariin (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated myocardial infarct size induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). From the TUNEL assay, icariin reduced the apoptotic cell induced by I/R and decreased blood indicators of creatine kinase, ischemia-modified albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase. All this effect was antagonized by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Meanwhile, icariin activated the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 suppressed icariin-mediated protective effect. These results suggest that icariin protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS-dependent signal pathways and may be a useful drug for angiogenic therapy.
Collapse
|
76
|
Mewton N, Elbaz M, Piot C, Ovize M. Infarct Size Reduction in Patients With STEMI: Why We Can Do It! J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 16:298-303. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248411412379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Major progress has been made over the last three decades for the treatment of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The major objective of this treatment is to reduce infarct size, which is the major prognostic factor in this population. Most of the efforts have been focused on improving reperfusion therapy in order to open as quickly as possible, and to prevent reocclusion, of the culprit coronary artery. During the past years, preclinical research has allowed researchers to well-characterize animal models of acute MI and precisely describe the major determinants of infarct size, that is area at risk, collateral flow, duration of ischemia, and timing of the protective intervention with respect to reflow. Recent reports have clearly demonstrated that lethal reperfusion injury exists, that it is of significant importance, and that it can be prevented by protective interventions applied immediately before reflow. Time has come to, on top of reperfusion therapy, better protect the muscle against lethal reperfusion injury. Although many past infarct size reduction studies have been negative, recent proof-of-concept studies have shown that infarct size reduction is possible in patients with STEMI, at least in part because the major determinants of infarct size have been taken into account. Accumulated knowledge from animal models together with encouraging results obtained in phase II infarct size reduction clinical trials should help us improve the design of future studies aimed at reducing infarct size in patients with STEMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Mewton
- Inserm U 1060 (CARMEN), Lyon, France, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Meier Elbaz
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Rangueuil, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Piot
- Inserm U661, Montpellier, France, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Ovize
- Inserm U 1060 (CARMEN), Lyon, France, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Farine E, Niederberger P, Wyss RK, Méndez-Carmona N, Gahl B, Fiedler GM, Carrel TP, Tevaearai Stahel HT, Longnus SL. Controlled Reperfusion Strategies Improve Cardiac Hemodynamic Recovery after Warm Global Ischemia in an Isolated, Working Rat Heart Model of Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD). Front Physiol 2016; 7:543. [PMID: 27920725 PMCID: PMC5118653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) could improve cardiac graft availability, which is currently insufficient to meet transplant demand. However, DCD organs undergo an inevitable period of warm ischemia and most cardioprotective approaches can only be applied at reperfusion (procurement) for ethical reasons. We investigated whether modifying physical conditions at reperfusion, using four different strategies, effectively improves hemodynamic recovery after warm ischemia. Methods and Results: Isolated hearts of male Wistar rats were perfused in working-mode for 20 min, subjected to 27 min global ischemia (37°C), and 60 min reperfusion (n = 43). Mild hypothermia (30°C, 10 min), mechanical postconditioning (MPC; 2x 30 s reperfusion/30 s ischemia), hypoxia (no O2, 2 min), or low pH (pH 6.8–7.4, 3 min) was applied at reperfusion and compared with controls (i.e., no strategy). After 60 min reperfusion, recovery of left ventricular work (developed pressure*heart rate; expressed as percent of pre-ischemic value) was significantly greater for mild hypothermia (62 ± 7%), MPC (65 ± 8%) and hypoxia (61 ± 11%; p < 0.05 for all), but not for low pH (45 ± 13%), vs. controls (44 ± 7%). Increased hemodynamic recovery was associated with greater oxygen consumption (mild hypothermia, MPC) and coronary perfusion (mild hypothermia, MPC, hypoxia), and with reduced markers of necrosis (mild hypothermia, MPC, hypoxia) and mitochondrial damage (mild hypothermia, hypoxia). Conclusions: Brief modifications in physical conditions at reperfusion, such as hypothermia, mechanical postconditioning, and hypoxia, improve post-ischemic hemodynamic function in our model of DCD. Cardioprotective reperfusion strategies applied at graft procurement could improve DCD graft recovery and limit further injury; however, optimal clinical approaches remain to be characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Farine
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Petra Niederberger
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel K Wyss
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Méndez-Carmona
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Gahl
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Georg M Fiedler
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry P Carrel
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik T Tevaearai Stahel
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah L Longnus
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University HospitalBern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Babiker F, Al-Jarallah A, Joseph S. The Interplay between the Renin Angiotensin System and Pacing Postconditioning Induced Cardiac Protection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165777. [PMID: 27814397 PMCID: PMC5096684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of pacing postconditioning (PPC) maneuvers in animal models and more recently in humans. The procedure however remains to be optimized and its interaction with physiological systems remains to be further explored. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a dual role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The interaction between RAS and PPC induced cardiac protection is however not clearly understood. We have recently demonstrated that angiotensin (1–7) via Mas receptor played a significant role in PPC mediated cardiac protection against I/R injury. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)—chymase—angiotensin II (Ang II)—angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1) axes of RAS in PPC mediated cardiac protection. Methods Isolated rat hearts were subjected to I/R (control) or PPC in the presence or absence of Ang II, chymostatin (inhibitor of locally produced Ang II), ACE blocker (captopril) or AT1 antagonist (irbesartan). Hemodynamics data was computed digitally and infarct size was determined histologically using TTC staining and biochemically by measuring creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Results Cardiac hemodynamics were significantly (P<0.001) improved and infarct size and cardiac enzymes were significantly (P<0.001) reduced in hearts subjected to PPC relative to hearts subjected to I/R injury. Exogenous administration of Ang II did not affect I/R injury or PPC mediated protection. Nonetheless inhibition of endogenously synthesized Ang II protected against I/R induced cardiac damage yet did not block or augment the protective effects of PPC. The administration of AT1 antagonist did not alleviate I/R induced damage. Interestingly it abrogated PPC induced cardiac protection in isolated rat hearts. Finally, PPC induced protection and blockade of locally produced Ang II involved enhanced activation of ERK1/2 and Akt components of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway. Conclusions This study demonstrate a novel role of endogenously produced Ang II in mediating I/R injury and highlights the significance of AT1 signaling in PPC mediated cardiac protection in isolated rodents hearts ex vivo. The interaction between Ang II-AT1 and PPC appears to involve alterations in the activation state of ERK1/2 and Akt components of the RISK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Babiker
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Aishah Al-Jarallah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Shaji Joseph
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Totzeck M, Hendgen-Cotta UB, French BA, Rassaf T. A practical approach to remote ischemic preconditioning and ischemic preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Biol Methods 2016; 3. [PMID: 28066791 PMCID: PMC5218813 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although urgently needed in clinical practice, a cardioprotective therapeutic approach against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury remains to be established. Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) represent promising tools comprising three entities: the generation of a protective signal, the transfer of the signal to the target organ, and the response to the transferred signal resulting in cardioprotection. However, in light of recent scientific advances, many controversies arise regarding the efficacy of the underlying signaling. We here show methods for the generation of the signaling cascade by rIPC as well as IPC in a mouse model for in vivo myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury using highly reproducible approaches. This is accomplished by taking advantage of easily applicable preconditioning strategies compatible with the clinical setting. We describe methods for using laser Doppler perfusion imaging to monitor the cessation and recovery of perfusion in real time. The effects of preconditioning on cardiac function can also be assessed using ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging approaches. On a cellular level, we confirm how tissue injury can be monitored using histological assessment of infarct size in conjunction with immunohistochemistry to assess both aspects in a single specimen. Finally, we outline, how the rIPC-associated signaling can be transferred to the target cell via conservation of the signal in the humoral (blood) compartment. This compilation of experimental protocols including a conditioning regimen comparable to the clinical setting should proof useful to both beginners and experts in the field of myocardial infarction, supplying information for the detailed procedures as well as troubleshooting guides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Hausenloy DJ, Barrabes JA, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Di Lisa F, Downey J, Engstrom T, Ferdinandy P, Carbrera-Fuentes HA, Heusch G, Ibanez B, Iliodromitis EK, Inserte J, Jennings R, Kalia N, Kharbanda R, Lecour S, Marber M, Miura T, Ovize M, Perez-Pinzon MA, Piper HM, Przyklenk K, Schmidt MR, Redington A, Ruiz-Meana M, Vilahur G, Vinten-Johansen J, Yellon DM, Garcia-Dorado D. Ischaemic conditioning and targeting reperfusion injury: a 30 year voyage of discovery. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:70. [PMID: 27766474 PMCID: PMC5073120 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To commemorate the auspicious occasion of the 30th anniversary of IPC, leading pioneers in the field of cardioprotection gathered in Barcelona in May 2016 to review and discuss the history of IPC, its evolution to IPost and RIC, myocardial reperfusion injury as a therapeutic target, and future targets and strategies for cardioprotection. This article provides an overview of the major topics discussed at this special meeting and underscores the huge importance and impact, the discovery of IPC has made in the field of cardiovascular research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK. .,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jose A Barrabes
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - James Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Thomas Engstrom
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hector A Carbrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Efstathios K Iliodromitis
- 2nd University Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Javier Inserte
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Neena Kalia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Kharbanda
- Oxford Heart Centre, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, 7925, South Africa
| | - Michael Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France.,UMR 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hans Michael Piper
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Ökologiezentrum, Raum 2-116, Uhlhornsweg 99 b, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Department of Physiology and Emergency Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Rahbek Schmidt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew Redington
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Heart Institute, Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Hospital Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Inhibition of endogenous thioredoxin-1 in the heart of transgenic mice does not confer cardioprotection in ischemic postconditioning. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:315-322. [PMID: 27682518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 maintains the cellular redox status and decreases the infarct size in ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, whether the increase of thioredoxin-1 expression or its lack of activity modifies the protection conferred by ischemic postconditioning has not been yet elucidated. The aim was to evaluate if the thioredoxin-1 overexpression enhances the posctconditioning protective effect, and whether the lack of the activity abolishes the reduction of the infarct size. Wild type mice hearts, transgenic mice hearts overexpressing thioredoxin-1, and a dominant negative mutant (C32S/C35S) of thioredoxin-1 were used. The hearts were subjected to 30min of ischemia and 120min of reperfusion (Langendorff) (I/R group) or to postconditioning protocol (PostC group). The infarct size in the Wt-PostC group decreased in comparison to the Wt-I/R group (54.6±2.4 vs. 39.2±2.1%, p<0.05), but this protection was abolished in DN-Trx1-PostC group (49.7±1.1%). The ischemia/reperfusion and postconditioning in mice overexpressing thioredoxin-1 reduced infarct size at the same magnitude (35.9±2.1 and 38.4±1.3%, p<0.05 vs. Wt-I/R). In Wt-PostC, Trx1-I/R and Trx1- PostC, Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation increased compared to Wt-I/R, without changes in DN-Trx1 groups. In conclusion, given that the cardioprotection conferred by thioredoxin-1 overexpression and postconditioning, is accomplished through the activation of the Akt/GSK3β survival pathway, no synergic effect was evidenced. Thioredoxin-1 plays a key role in the postconditioning, given that when this protein is inactive the cardioprotective mechanism was abolished. Thus, diverse comorbidities or situations modifying the thioredoxin activity, could explain the absence of this strong mechanism of protection in different clinical situations.
Collapse
|
82
|
Covington SM, Bauler LD, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Akt: A Therapeutic Target in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J INVEST SURG 2016; 30:47-55. [PMID: 27463073 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2016.1206999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the second most common transplant procedure in the United States. A leading cause of post-transplantation organ dysfunction is I/R injury. During I/R injury, the serine/threonine kinase Akt is activated, stimulating downstream mediators to promote cellular survival. Due to the cellular effects of Akt, therapeutic manipulation of the Akt pathway can help reduce cellular damage during hepatic I/R that occurs during liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE A full description of therapeutic options available that target Akt to reduce hepatic I/R injury has not been addressed within the literature. The purpose of this review is to illuminate advances in the manipulation of Akt that can be used to therapeutically target I/R injury in the liver. METHODS An in depth literature review was performed using the Scopus and PubMed databases. A total of 75 published articles were utilized for this manuscript. Terminology searched includes a combination of "hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury", "Akt/PKB", "preconditioning" and "postconditioning." RESULTS Four principal methods that reduce I/R injury include hepatic pre- and postconditioning, pharmacological intervention and future miRNA/gene therapy. Discussed therapies used serum alanine aminotransferase levels, liver histology and phosphorylation of downstream mediators to confirm the Akt protective effect. CONCLUSION The activation of Akt from the reviewed therapies has resulted in predictable reduction in hepatocyte damage using the previously mentioned measurements. In a clinical setting, these therapies could potentially be used in combination to achieve better outcomes in hepatic transplant patients. Evidence supporting reduced I/R injury through Akt activation warrants further studies in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Covington
- a Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine , East Lansing, Michigan , USA
| | - Laura D Bauler
- b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo , Michigan , USA
| | - Luis H Toledo-Pereyra
- b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo , Michigan , USA
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Avlas O, Srara S, Shainberg A, Aravot D, Hochhauser E. Silencing cardiomyocyte TLR4 reduces injury following hypoxia. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:115-122. [PMID: 27448767 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative pathogens expressed in the heart, is activated by several endogenous ligands associated with tissue injury in response to myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of TLR4 signaling in cardiomyocytes dysfunction following hypoxia (90min) using multiple methodologies such as knocking down TLR4 and small interfering RNA (siTLR4). Cardiomyocytes of C57Bl/6 mice (WT) subjected to hypoxic stress showed increased cardiac release of LDH, HMGB1, IκB, TNF-α and myocardial apoptotic and necrotic markers (BAX, PI) compared to TLR4 knock out mice (TLR4KO). Treating these cardiomyocytes with siRNA against TLR4 decreased the damage markers (LDH, IκB, TNF-α). TLR4 silencing during hypoxic stress resulted in the activation of the p-AKT and p-GSK3β (by ∼25%). The latter is an indicator that there is a reduction of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening following hypoxic myocardial induced injury leading to preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Silencing TLR4 in cardiomyocytes improved cell survival following hypoxic injury through activation of the AKT/GSK3β pathway, reduced inflammatory and apoptotic signals. These findings suggest that TLR4 may serve as a potential target in the treatment of ischemic myocardial injury. Moreover, RNA interfering targeting TLR4 expression represents a therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orna Avlas
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Smadar Srara
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asher Shainberg
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dan Aravot
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Edith Hochhauser
- The Cardiac Research Laboratory of the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Dow J, Kloner RA. Postconditioning Does Not Reduce Myocardial Infarct Size in an In Vivo Regional Ischemia Rodent Model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 12:153-63. [PMID: 17562786 DOI: 10.1177/1074248407300897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In our laboratory, postconditioning reliably reduces lethal ventricular arrhythmias in an in vivo rat model but its effect on necrosis in our model is unknown. In the present analysis, we tested a variety of postconditioning regimens in anesthetized rats subjected to 45 minutes of coronary occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion or 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion. In all studies, area at risk was determined by the blue dye technique and area of necrosis was assessed with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and computerized planimetry of ventricular slices. Postconditioning regimens included 4 cycles of 10 seconds of reperfusion/10 seconds of reocclusion, 4 cycles of 20 seconds of reperfusion/20 seconds of reocclusion, 8 cycles of 30 seconds of reperfusion/30 seconds of reocclusion, and 20 cycles of 10 seconds of reperfusion/10 seconds of reocclusion. Postconditioning did not reduce myocardial infarct size with any of these regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Dow
- The Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90017, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Chen J, Gao J, Sun W, Li L, Wang Y, Bai S, Li X, Wang R, Wu L, Li H, Xu C. Involvement of exogenous H2S in recovery of cardioprotection from ischemic post-conditioning via increase of autophagy in the aged hearts. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:681-92. [PMID: 27393850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is a member of the gasotransmitter family, plays an important physiological and pathological role in cardiovascular system. Ischemic post-conditioning (PC) provides myocardial protective effect in the young hearts but not in the aged hearts. Exogenous H2S restores PC-induced cardioprotection by inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in the aged hearts. However, whether H2S contributes to the recovery of PC-induced cardioprotection via up-regulation of autophagy in the aged hearts is unclear. METHODS The isolated aged rat hearts (24-months-old, 450-500g) and aged cardiomyocytes-induced by d-galactose were exposed to an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and PC protocol. RESULTS We found PC lost cardioprotection in the aged hearts and cardiomyocytes. NaHS (a H2S donor) significantly restored cardioprotection of PC through decreasing myocardial damage, infarct size, and apoptosis, improving cardiac function, increasing cell viability and autophagy in the aged hearts and cardiomyocytes. 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor) abolished beneficial effect of NaHS in the aged hearts. In addition, in the aged cardiomyocytes, NaHS up-regulated AMPK/mTOR pathway, and the effect of NaHS on PC was similar to the overexpression of Atg 5, treatment of AICAR (an AMPK activator) or Rapamycin (a mTOR inhibitor, an autophagy activator), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that exogenous H2S restores cardioprotection from PC by up-regulation of autophagy via activation of AMPK/mTOR pathway in the aged hearts and cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Osteology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Weiming Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shuzhi Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Discrepancy in calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and intracellular acidic stores for the protection of the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:495-508. [PMID: 27325083 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We and others have demonstrated a protective effect of pacing postconditioning (PPC) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the mechanisms underlying this protection are not completely clear. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and the novel intracellular acidic stores (AS). Isolated rat hearts (n = 6 per group) were subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion using a modified Langendorff system. Cardiac hemodynamics and contractility were assessed using a data acquisition program, and cardiac injury was evaluated by creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia, produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The hearts were also subjected to PPC (3 cycles of 30 s of left ventricle (LV) pacing alternated with 30 s of right atrium (RA) pacing) and/or were treated during reperfusion with agonists or antagonists of release of calcium from SR or AS. PPC significantly (P < 0.05) normalized LV, contractility, and coronary vascular dynamics and significantly (P < 0.001) decreased heart enzyme levels compared to the control treatments. The blockade of SR calcium release resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) recovery in LV function and contractility and a significant reduction in CK and LDH levels (P < 0.01) when applied alone or in combination with PPC. Interestingly, the release of calcium from AS alone or in combination with PPC significantly improved LV function and contractility (P < 0.05) and significantly decreased the CK and LDH levels (P < 0.01) compared to the control treatments. An additive effect was produced when agonism of calcium release from AS or blockade of calcium release from the SR was combined with PPC. Calcium release from AS and blockade of calcium release from the SR protect the heart against I/R. Combining calcium release from acidic stores or blockade of calcium release from the SR with PPC produced a synergistic protective effect.
Collapse
|
87
|
Beyond Preconditioning: Postconditioning as an Alternative Technique in the Prevention of Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8235921. [PMID: 27340509 PMCID: PMC4909928 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8235921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury may significantly compromise hepatic postoperative function. Various hepatoprotective methods have been improvised, aiming at attenuating IR injury. With ischemic preconditioning (IPC), the liver is conditioned with a brief ischemic period followed by reperfusion, prior to sustained ischemia. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC), consisting of intermittent sequential interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion, seems to be a more feasible alternative than IPC, since the onset of reperfusion is more predictable. Regarding the potential mechanisms involved, it has been postulated that the slow intermittent oxygenation through controlled reperfusion decreases the burst production of oxygen free radicals, increases antioxidant activity, suppresses neutrophil accumulation, and modulates the apoptotic cascade. Additionally, favorable effects on mitochondrial ultrastructure and function, and upregulation of the cytoprotective properties of nitric oxide, leading to preservation of sinusoidal structure and maintenance of blood flow through the hepatic circulation could also underlie the protection afforded by postconditioning. Clinical studies are required to show whether biochemical and histological improvements afforded by the reperfusion/reocclusion cycles of postconditioning during early reperfusion can be translated to a substantial clinical benefit in liver resection and transplantation settings or to highlight more aspects of its molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
88
|
He F, Xu BL, Chen C, Jia HJ, Wu JX, Wang XC, Sheng JL, Huang L, Cheng J. Methylophiopogonanone A suppresses ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis in mice via activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:763-71. [PMID: 27063216 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The dried tuber root of Ophiopogon japonicus has been used in the traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of myocardial ischemia and thrombosis. In this study we investigated the effects of methylophiopogonanone A (MO-A), a major homoisoflavonoid in Ophiopogon japonicus, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Mice were pretreated with MO-A (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po) for 2 weeks and then subjected to transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac function was evaluated, and the infarct size and apoptosis index were assessed. The mechanisms underlying the cardio-protection of MO-A were analyzed in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated; apoptotic and relevant signaling proteins were analyzed. NO levels in the culture medium were assessed. RESULTS In I/R mice, pretreatment with MO-A significantly reduced the infarct size (by 60.7%) and myocardial apoptosis (by 56.8%), and improved cardiac function. In H9C2 cells subjected to H/R, pretreatment with MO-A (10 μmol/L) significantly decreased apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 expression, elevated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and restored NO production. Furthermore, pretreatment with MO-A markedly increased the activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway in H9C2 cells subjected to H/R, and the protective effects of MO-A were abolished in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin (100 nmol/L). CONCLUSION MO-A attenuates I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis in mice via activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
89
|
Evaluation of cyclosporine a as a cardio- and neuroprotective agent after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a rat model. Shock 2016; 43:576-81. [PMID: 25705861 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A (CsA) is a direct inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which is the common end point of many pathways of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. We studied the neuroprotective and cardioprotective effect of CsA after cardiac arrest (CA) in a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After institutional approval by the Governmental Animal Care Committee, 83 rats were subjected to 6 min of CA and were randomly and investigator-blinded allocated either to placebo (n = 15) or interventional group (n = 15; 10-mg/kg body weight CsA intravenously) after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Before CA (baseline) as well as 1 h and 3 h after ROSC, continuous measurement of stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, preload adjusted maximum power, and end diastolic volume was performed using a conductance catheter. One day, 3 days, and 7 days after ROSC, neurological outcome was evaluated by a tape removal test. After 7 days of reperfusion, coronal brain sections were analyzed by counting Nissl-positive (i.e., viable) neurons and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive (i.e., apoptotic) cells. Animals treated with CsA had a higher stroke volume (96 [93; 107] μL vs. 78 [73; 94] μL; P = 0.02), higher ejection fraction (58% [51%; 63%] vs. 42% [35%; 51%]; P = 0.002), and higher preload adjusted maximum power (4.8 [3.9; 6.1] vs. 2.3 [2.0; 2.6] mW/μL; P < 0.001). End diastolic volume remained stable in the CsA group 3 h after ROSC in comparison to baseline (160 [143; 181] μL vs. 157 [148; 192] μL; P = 0.56), whereas it increased in the placebo group (169 [153; 221] μL vs. 156 [138; 166] μL, P = 0.05). More neurons survived after administration of CsA (2.5 [1.6; 4.9] vs. 0.7 [0.4; 1.4]; P = 0.005). Compared to placebo-treated animals, the time in the tape removal test 7 days after ROSC was reduced by half in the CsA group without reaching statistical significance (26 [22; 51] vs. placebo 53 [38; 56] s; P = 0.13). Cyclosporine A treatment neither affected the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells nor the survival rate. Pharmacological postconditioning with CsA after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation attenuates myocardial dysfunction and reduces neuronal damage.
Collapse
|
90
|
Heusch G. Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ischemic and Pharmacological Postconditioning. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1123-45. [PMID: 26140711 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Timely reperfusion is the only way to salvage ischemic myocardium from impending infarction. However, reperfusion also adds a further component to myocardial injury such that the ultimate infarct size is the result of both ischemia- and reperfusion-induced injury. Modification of reperfusion can attenuate reperfusion injury and thus reduce infarct size. Ischemic postconditioning is a maneuver of repeated brief interruption of reperfusion by short-lasting coronary occlusions which results in reduced infarct size. Cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning is mediated through delayed reversal of acidosis and the activation of a complex signal transduction cascade, including triggers such as adenosine, bradykinin, and opioids, mediators such as protein kinases and, notably, mitochondrial function as effector. Inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore appears to be a final signaling step of ischemic postconditioning. Several drugs which recruit in part such signaling steps of ischemic postconditioning can induce cardioprotection, even when the drug is only administered at reperfusion, that is, there is also pharmacological postconditioning. Ischemic and pharmacological postconditioning have been translated to patients with acute myocardial infarction in proof-of-concept studies, but further mechanistic insight is needed to optimize the conditions and algorithms of cardioprotection by postconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
N,N-dimethylsphingosine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by recruiting regulatory T cells through PI3K/Akt pathway in mice. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:32. [PMID: 27048490 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) has been documented to be in vitro protective against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and can recruit CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which may participate in the cardioprotection. We hypothesized that when in vivo applied after a myocardial ischemia, DMS may be cardioprotective by recruiting Tregs. Myocardial IRI was induced in C57BL/6 mice by occluding the left main coronary arteries followed by relaxation, and DMS (0.43 mg/kg) was intravenously injected 5 min after the onset of ischemia. We found that in wild-type (WT) mice, compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group, DMS reduced the infarct size (47.1 ± 8.9 vs. 33.1 ± 3.4 %, p < 0.01), and neutrophil infiltration at 24 h reperfusion (R) evaluated by TTC and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, and increased the aggregation of Tregs [(6 ± 1)/mm(2) vs. (30 ± 4)/mm(2), p < 0.01], peaking at 1 h R by immunofluorescence staining, with reduced gene expression of inflammatory factors at 4 h R in the reperfused myocardium by real-time PCR. This protection was abolished by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor or Tregs-depleting antibody. Relative to WT mice, the cardioprotection conferred by T cell- and B cell- deficient Rag2 knockout (KO) mice was not strengthened by DMS or by DMS and the adoptive transfer of Tregs from WT mice, but was abolished by DMS and WT non-Tregs and was recaptured by the cotransfer with WT Tregs but not with Akt1(+/-) mice-derived Tregs. In conclusion, applied at an early stage of ischemia, DMS may be in vivo protective against myocardial IRI by recruiting Tregs via PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
|
92
|
D'Annunzio V, Perez V, Boveris A, Gelpi RJ, Poderoso JJ. Role of thioredoxin-1 in ischemic preconditioning, postconditioning and aged ischemic hearts. Pharmacol Res 2016; 109:24-31. [PMID: 26987940 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin is one of the most important cellular antioxidant systems known to date, and is responsible of maintaining the reduced state of the intracellular space. Trx-1 is a small cytosolic protein whose transcription is induced by stress. Therefore it is possible that this antioxidant plays a protective role against the oxidative stress caused by an increase of reactive oxygen species concentration, as occurs during the reperfusion after an ischemic episode. However, in addition to its antioxidant properties, it is able to activate other cytoplasmic and nuclear mediators that confer cardioprotection. It is remarkable that Trx-1 also participates in myocardial protection mechanisms such as ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning, activating proteins related to cellular survival. In this sense, it has been shown that Trx-1 inhibition abolished the preconditioning cardioprotective effect, evidenced through apoptosis and infarct size. Furthermore, ischemic postconditioning preserves Trx-1 content at reperfusion, after ischemia. However, comorbidities such as aging can modify this powerful cellular defense leading to decrease cardioprotection. Even ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning protocols performed in aged animal models failed to decrease infarct size. Therefore, the lack of success of antioxidants therapies to treat ischemic heart disease could be solved, at least in part, avoiding the damage of Trx system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D'Annunzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Argentina; Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Perez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Argentina; Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Boveris
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL, UBA-CONICET), Argentina; Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan J Poderoso
- Laboratory of Oxygen Metabolism, University Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ischemic postconditioning confers cardioprotection and prevents reduction of Trx-1 in young mice, but not in middle-aged and old mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 415:67-76. [PMID: 26932791 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is part of an antioxidant system that maintains the cell redox homeostasis but their role on ischemic postconditioning (PostC) is unknown. The aim of this work was to determine whether Trx-1 participates in the cardioprotective mechanism of PostC in young, middle-aged, and old mice. Male FVB young (Y: 3 month-old), middle-aged (MA: 12 month-old), and old (O: 20 month-old) mice were used. Langendorff-perfused hearts were subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion (I/R group). After ischemia, we performed 6 cycles of R/I (10 s each) followed by 120 min of reperfusion (PostC group). We measured the infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium); Trx-1, total and phosphorylated Akt, and GSK3β expression (Western blot); and the GSH/GSSG ratio (HPLC). PostC reduced the infarct size in young mice (I/R-Y: 52.3 ± 2.4 vs. PostC-Y: 40.0 ± 1.9, p < 0.05), but this protection was abolished in the middle-aged and old mice groups. Trx-1 expression decreased after I/R, and the PostC prevented the protein degradation in young animals (I/R-Y: 1.05 ± 0.1 vs. PostC-Y: 0.52 ± .0.07, p < 0.05). These changes were accompanied by an improvement in the GSH/GSSG ratio (I/R-Y: 1.25 ± 0.30 vs. PostC-Y: 7.10 ± 2.10, p < 0.05). However, no changes were observed in the middle-aged and old groups. Cytosolic Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation increased in the PostC compared with the I/R group only in young animals. Our results suggest that PostC prevents Trx-1 degradation, decreasing oxidative stress and allowing the activation of Akt and GSK3β to exert its cardioprotective effect. This protection mechanism is not activated in middle-aged and old animals.
Collapse
|
94
|
Awada HK, Hwang MP, Wang Y. Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver. Biomaterials 2016; 82:94-112. [PMID: 26757257 PMCID: PMC4872516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Kaasbøll OJ, Moe IT, Ahmed MS, Stang E, Hagelin EMV, Attramadal H. CTGF/CCN2 Postconditioning Increases Tolerance of Murine Hearts towards Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149000. [PMID: 26872261 PMCID: PMC4752337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Previous studies of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in hearts from mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of CCN2 have shown that CCN2 increases tolerance towards IRI. The objectives of this study were to investigate to what extent post-ischemic administration of recombinant human CCN2 (rhCCN2) would limit infarct size and improve functional recovery and what signaling pathways are involved. Experimental Approach Isolated mice hearts were perfused ad modum Langendorff, subjected to no-flow, global ischemia, and subsequently, exposed to mammalian cell derived, full-length (38-40kDa) rhCCN2 (250 nM) or vehicle during the first 15 min of a 60 min reperfusion period. Key Results Post-ischemic administration of rhCCN2 resulted in attenuation of infarct size from 58 ± 4% to 34 ± 2% (p < 0.001) which was abrogated by concomitant administration of the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 (45 ± 3% vs. 50 ± 3%, ns). In congruence with reduction of infarct size rhCCN2 also improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (p < 0.05). Western blot analyses of extracts of ex vivo-perfused murine hearts also revealed that rhCCN2 evoked concentration-dependent increase of cardiac phospho-GSK3β (serine-9) contents. Conclusions and Implications We demonstrate that post-ischemic administration of rhCCN2 increases the tolerance of ex vivo-perfused murine hearts to IRI. Mechanistically, this postconditioning effect of rhCCN2 appeared to be mediated by activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway as demonstrated by sensitivity to PI3 kinase inhibition and increased CCN2-induced phosphorylation of GSK3β (Ser-9). Thus, the rationale for testing rhCCN2-mediated post-ischemic conditioning of the heart in more complex models is established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jørgen Kaasbøll
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Tronstad Moe
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Shakil Ahmed
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Stang
- Dept. of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marie Valbjørn Hagelin
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Inhibition of ceramide de novo synthesis as a postischemic strategy to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:12. [PMID: 26786259 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The injury caused by myocardial reperfusion after ischemia can be contained by interventions aimed at reducing the inflammation and the oxidative stress that underlie exacerbation of tissue damage. Sphingolipids are a class of structural and signaling lipid molecules; among them, the inflammation mediator ceramide accumulates in the myocardium upon ischemia/reperfusion. Here, we show that, after transient coronary occlusion in mice, an increased de novo ceramide synthesis takes place at reperfusion in the ischemic area surrounding necrosis (area at risk). This correlates with the enhanced expression of the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pathway, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The intraventricular administration at reperfusion of myriocin, an inhibitor of SPT, significantly protected the area at risk from damage, reducing the infarcted area by 40.9 % relative to controls not treated with the drug. In the area at risk, myriocin downregulated ceramide, reduced the content in other mediators of inflammation and reactive oxygen species, and activated the Nrf2-HO1 cytoprotective response. We conclude that an enhanced ceramide synthesis takes part in ischemia/reperfusion injury and that myriocin treatment can be proposed as a strategy for myocardial pharmacological postconditioning.
Collapse
|
97
|
Han H, Yang J, Fei S, Liu Z, Zhu S, Dong Q, Gao Z, Wang S, Zhang J. Protective effect of carbachol postconditioning on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury in human gastric epithelial cells. Life Sci 2016; 144:234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
98
|
Yang B, Fung A, Pac-Soo C, Ma D. Vascular surgery-related organ injury and protective strategies: update and future prospects. Br J Anaesth 2016; 117:ii32-ii43. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aew211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
|
99
|
Thomas RM, Lim SY, Qiang B, Osherov AB, Ghugre NR, Noyan H, Qi X, Wolff R, Ladouceur-Wodzak M, Berk TA, Butany J, Husain M, Wright GA, Strauss BH. Distal coronary embolization following acute myocardial infarction increases early infarct size and late left ventricular wall thinning in a porcine model. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:106. [PMID: 26620277 PMCID: PMC4666124 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal coronary embolization (DCE) of thrombotic material occurs frequently during percutaneous interventions for acute myocardial infarction and can alter coronary flow grades. The significance of DCE on infarct size and myocardial function remains unsettled. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of DCE sufficient to cause no-reflow on infarct size, cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in a porcine acute myocardial infarction model. METHODS AND RESULTS Female Yorkshire pigs underwent 60 min balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion and injection of either microthrombi (prepared from autologous porcine blood) sufficient to cause no-reflow (DCE), or saline (control). Animals were sacrificed at 3 h (n = 5), 3 days (n = 20) or 6 weeks (n = 20) post-AMI. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), serum troponin-I, and cardiac gelatinase (MMP) and survival kinase (Akt) activities were assessed. At 3d, DCE increased infarct size (CMR: 18.8% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.04; serum troponin-I: 13.3 vs. 6.9 ng/uL, p < 0.05) and MMP-2 activity levels (0.81 vs. 0.49, p = 0.002), with reduced activation of Akt (0.06 versus 0.26, p = 0.02). At 6 weeks, there were no differences in infarct size, ventricular volume or ejection fraction between the two groups, although infarct transmurality (70% vs. 57%, p< 0.04) and ventricular thinning (percent change in mid anteroseptal wall thickness:-25.6% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.03) were significantly increased in the DCE group. CONCLUSIONS DCE increased early infarct size, but without affecting later infarct size, cardiac function or ventricular volumes. The significance of the later remodelling changes (ventricular thinning and transmurality) following DCE, possibly due to changes in MMP-2 activity and Akt activation, merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben M Thomas
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Sang Yup Lim
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
| | - Beiping Qiang
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Azriel B Osherov
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Barzilai Medical Centre, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - Nilesh R Ghugre
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Hossein Noyan
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Xiuling Qi
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Rafael Wolff
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Michelle Ladouceur-Wodzak
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Thomas A Berk
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Jagdish Butany
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Graham A Wright
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Bradley H Strauss
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room D-406, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Higashi K, Yamada Y, Minatoguchi S, Baba S, Iwasa M, Kanamori H, Kawasaki M, Nishigaki K, Takemura G, Kumazaki M, Akao Y, Minatoguchi S. MicroRNA-145 repairs infarcted myocardium by accelerating cardiomyocyte autophagy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1813-26. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00709.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether microRNA-145 (miR-145) has a cardioprotective effect in a rabbit model of myocardial infarction (MI) and in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Rabbits underwent 30 min of coronary occlusion, followed by 2 days or 2 wk of reperfusion. Control microRNA (control group; 2.5 nmol/kg, n = 10) or miR-145 (miR-145 group, 2.5 nmol/kg, n = 10) encapsulated in liposomes was intravenously administered immediately after the start of reperfusion. H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were transfected with miR-145. The MI size was significantly smaller in the miR-145 group than in the control group at 2 days and 2 wk post-MI. miR-145 had improved the cardiac function and remodeling at 2 wk post-MI. These effects were reversed by chloroquine. Western blot analysis showed that miR-145 accelerated the transition of LC3B I to II and downregulated p62/SQSTM1 at 2 days or 2 wk after MI, but not at 4 wk, and activated Akt in the ischemic area at 2 days after MI. miR-145 inhibited the growth of H9c2 cells, accelerated the transition of LC3B I to II, and increased phosphorylated Akt in the H9c2 cells at 2 days after miR-145 transfection. Antagomir-145 significantly abolished the morphological change, the transition of LC3B I to II, and the increased phosphorylated Akt induced by miR-145 in H9c2 cells. We determined fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 mRNA to be a target of miR-145, both in an in vivo model and in H9c2 cells. In conclusion, post-MI treatment with miR-145 protected the heart through the induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy by targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Higashi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Yoshihisa Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Shingo Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Shinya Baba
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Masamitsu Iwasa
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Kazuhiko Nishigaki
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Genzou Takemura
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| | - Minami Kumazaki
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akao
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; and
| |
Collapse
|