51
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Marushima A, Nieminen M, Kremenetskaia I, Gianni-Barrera R, Woitzik J, von Degenfeld G, Banfi A, Vajkoczy P, Hecht N. Balanced single-vector co-delivery of VEGF/PDGF-BB improves functional collateralization in chronic cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:404-419. [PMID: 30621518 PMCID: PMC7370608 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18818298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The myoblast-mediated delivery of angiogenic genes represents a cell-based approach for targeted induction of therapeutic collateralization. Here, we tested the superiority of myoblast-mediated co-delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) together with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on transpial collateralization of an indirect encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) in a model of chronic cerebral ischemia. Mouse myoblasts expressing a reporter gene alone (empty vector), VEGF, PDGF-BB or VEGF and PDGF-BB through a single bi-cistronic vector (VIP) were implanted into the temporalis muscle of an EMS following permanent ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion in adult, male C57BL/6N mice. Over 84 days, myoblast engraftment and gene product expression, hemodynamic impairment, transpial collateralization, angiogenesis, pericyte recruitment and post-ischemic neuroprotection were assessed. By day 42, animals that received PDGF-BB in combination with VEGF (VIP) showed superior hemodynamic recovery, EMS collateralization and ischemic protection with improved pericyte recruitment around the parenchymal vessels and EMS collaterals. Also, supplementation of PDGF-BB resulted in a striking astrocytic activation with intrinsic VEGF mobilization in the cortex below the EMS. Our findings suggest that EMS surgery together with myoblast-mediated co-delivery of VEGF/PDGF-BB may have the potential to serve as a novel treatment strategy for augmentation of collateral flow in the chronically hypoperfused brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiki Marushima
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stroke research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melina Nieminen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stroke research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Kremenetskaia
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stroke research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Gianni-Barrera
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Woitzik
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stroke research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stroke research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Hecht
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stroke research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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52
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Kollikowski AM, Schuhmann MK, Nieswandt B, Müllges W, Stoll G, Pham M. Local Leukocyte Invasion during Hyperacute Human Ischemic Stroke. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:466-479. [PMID: 31899551 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bridging the gap between experimental stroke and patients by ischemic blood probing during the hyperacute stage of vascular occlusion is crucial to assess the role of inflammation in human stroke and for the development of adjunct treatments beyond recanalization. METHODS We prospectively observed 151 consecutive ischemic stroke patients with embolic large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. In all these patients, we attempted microcatheter aspiration of 3 different arterial blood samples: (1) within the core of the occluded vascular compartment and controlled by (2) carotid and (3) femoral samples obtained under physiological flow conditions. Subsequent laboratory analyses comprised leukocyte counting and differentiation, platelet counting, and the quantification of 13 proinflammatory human chemokines/cytokines. RESULTS Forty patients meeting all clinical, imaging, interventional, and laboratory inclusion criteria could be analyzed, showing that the total number of leukocytes significantly increased under the occlusion condition. This increase was predominantly driven by neutrophils. Significant increases were also apparent for lymphocytes and monocytes, accompanied by locally elevated plasma levels of the T-cell chemoattractant CXCL-11. Finally, we found evidence that short-term clinical outcome (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale at 72 hours) was negatively associated with neutrophil accumulation. INTERPRETATION We provide the first direct human evidence that neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, accompanied by specific chemokine upregulation, accumulate in the ischemic vasculature during hyperacute stroke and may affect outcome. These findings strongly support experimental evidence that immune cells contribute to acute ischemic brain damage and indicate that ischemic inflammation initiates already during vascular occlusion. Ann Neurol 2020;87:466-479.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Müllges
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guido Stoll
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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53
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Christoforidis GA, Saadat N, Kontzialis M, Karakasis CJ, Slivka AP. Predictors for the extent of pial collateral recruitment in acute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiol J 2020; 33:98-104. [PMID: 31896284 DOI: 10.1177/1971400919897389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pial arterioles can provide a variable degree of collateral flow to ischemic vascular territories during acute ischemic stroke. This study sought to identify predictive factors of the degree of pial collateral recruitment in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS Clinical information and arteriograms from 62 consecutive patients with stroke due to either middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 segment or internal carotid artery (ICA) terminus occlusion within 6 h following symptom onset were retrospectively reviewed. Pial collaterals were defined based on the extent of reconstitution of the MCA territory. Patients with slow antegrade flow distal to the occlusion site were excluded and no anesthetics were used prior or during angiography. Results were analyzed using multivariate nominal logistic regression. RESULTS Better pial collateral recruitment was associated with proximal MCA versus ICA terminus occlusion (p = 0.005; odds ratio (OR) = 9.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.16-53.3), lower presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSSS) (p = 0.023; OR = 6.51; 95% CI, 1.49-41.7), and lower diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0411; OR = 5.05; 95% CI, 1.20-29.2). Age, gender, symptom duration, diabetes, laterality, systolic blood pressure, glucose level, hematocrit, platelet level, and white blood cell count at presentation were not found to have a statistically significant association with pial collateral recruitment. CONCLUSIONS Extent of pial collateral recruitment is strongly associated with the occlusion site (MCA M1 segment versus ICA terminus) and less strongly associated with presenting NIHSSS and diastolic blood pressure.
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54
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Jacobson SM, MacAllister TW, Geliebter DM. Found in translation: The rationale behind the early development of glibenclamide in large hemispheric infarction. Neurosci Lett 2020; 716:134672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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55
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Wen Z, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Xu X, Zhao N, Xu X, Wang F, Gao J, Yang GY, Liu X. The effect of anterior communicating artery flow on neurovascular injury and neurobehavioral outcomes in mice with recurrent stroke. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146440. [PMID: 31513789 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have estimated that the risk of recurrent stroke was nearly 20% shortly after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. A missing or hypoplastic (<0.5 mm) anterior communicating artery can have deleterious effects on the brain. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of anterior communicating artery flow on neurovascular injury and neurobehavioral outcomes in mice with recurrent stroke and to identify its underlying mechanisms. METHODS A recurrent stroke model was established by an initial cortical infarction followed by a corticostriatal infarction 3 days later. The vascular structure was visualized using synchrotron radiation angiography & magnetic resonance angiography in vivo and transparent endovascular perfusion imaging in vitro. Microvessel perfusion was assessed via fluorescein isothiocyanate perfusion. The infarct volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The finding that anterior communicating artery flow facilitates pial artery patency in the ipsilateral hemisphere in mice with recurrent stroke suggests that compensatory collateral patency contributes to increased regional cerebral blood flow, enhanced microcirculatory perfusion, improved neurological function and reduced infarct volume. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that anterior communicating artery flow alleviates recurrent stroke-induced neurovascular injury and improves neurobehavioral outcomes by promoting the establishment of collateral circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital Affiliated with Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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de Havenon A, Mlynash M, Kim-Tenser MA, Lansberg MG, Leslie-Mazwi T, Christensen S, McTaggart RA, Alexander M, Albers G, Broderick J, Marks MP, Heit JJ. Results From DEFUSE 3: Good Collaterals Are Associated With Reduced Ischemic
Core Growth but Not Neurologic Outcome. Stroke 2019; 50:632-638. [PMID: 30726184 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.023407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- The effect of leptomeningeal collaterals for acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the late window (>6 hours from last known normal) remains unknown. We sought to determine if collateral status on baseline computed tomography angiography impacted neurological outcome, ischemic core growth, and moderated the effect of endovascular thrombectomy in the late window. Methods- This is a prespecified analysis of DEFUSE 3 (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke). We included patients with computed tomography angiography as their baseline imaging and rated collateral status using the validated scales described by Tan and Maas. The primary outcome is functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2). Additional outcomes include the full range of the modified Rankin Scale, baseline ischemic core volume, change from baseline in the ischemic core volume at 24 hours, and death at 90 days. Results- Of the 130 patients in our cohort, 33 (25%) had poor collaterals and 97 (75%) had good collaterals. There was no difference in the rate of functional independence with good versus poor collaterals in unadjusted analysis (30% versus 39%; P=0.3) or after adjustment for treatment arm (odds ratio [95% CI], 0.61 [0.26-1.45]). Good collaterals were associated with significantly smaller ischemic core volume and less ischemic core growth. The difference in the treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy was not significant ( P=0.8). Collateral status also did not affect the rate of stroke-related death (n [%], good versus poor collaterals, 18/97 [19%] versus 8/33 [24%], P=0.5]. Conclusions- In DEFUSE 3 patients, good leptomeningeal collaterals on single phase computed tomography angiography were not predictive of functional independence or death and did not impact the treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy. These unexpected findings require further study to confirm their validity and to better understand the role of collaterals for stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion in the late therapeutic window. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02586415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam de Havenon
- From the Department of Neurology (A.d.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Michael Mlynash
- Department of Neurology (M.M., M.G.L., S.C., G.A.), Stanford University, CA
| | - May A Kim-Tenser
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (M.A.K.-T.)
| | - Maarten G Lansberg
- Department of Neurology (M.M., M.G.L., S.C., G.A.), Stanford University, CA
| | | | - Soren Christensen
- Department of Neurology (M.M., M.G.L., S.C., G.A.), Stanford University, CA
| | | | | | - Gregory Albers
- Department of Neurology (M.M., M.G.L., S.C., G.A.), Stanford University, CA
| | | | - Michael P Marks
- Department of Radiology (M.P.M., J.J.H.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Radiology (M.P.M., J.J.H.), Stanford University, CA
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Fujita K, Tanaka K, Yamagami H, Ide T, Ishiyama H, Sonoda K, Satow T, Takahashi JC, Ihara M, Koga M, Yokota T, Toyoda K. Detrimental Effect of Chronic Hypertension on Leptomeningeal Collateral Flow in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:1751-1757. [PMID: 31233392 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.025142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- We aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic hypertension on acute leptomeningeal collateral flow in patients with large-vessel ischemic stroke using digital subtraction angiography, which is the gold standard for the assessment of collateral circulation. Methods- Of the consecutive ischemic stroke patients from October 2011 to December 2017 seen in our institution, patients with acute occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery confirmed on initial digital subtraction angiography were enrolled. Chronic hypertension was defined as its documentation before the index stroke or as the administration of antihypertensive medications before onset. Angiographic leptomeningeal collateral flow was evaluated according to the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology Collateral Flow Grading System and dichotomized the findings into excellent (grade 3-4) or poor (grade 0-2) collateral status for analysis. Results- Of the 3759 consecutive ischemic stroke patients, 100 patients were analyzed. Thirty-nine patients (39%) had poor collateral status. Patients with poor collateral status were older, more frequently male, and had chronic hypertension more frequently, shorter time from onset to angiography, and higher admission systolic blood pressure than those with excellent collateral status. Multivariable logistic analysis with prespecified covariates showed a significantly positive association between chronic hypertension and poor collateral status (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.08-7.70; P=0.034). This association was independent of admission systolic blood pressure. The proportion of patients with poor collateral status increased in a stepwise manner in patients without chronic hypertension, hypertensive patients with premorbid antihypertensive medications, and hypertensive patients without antihypertensive medications ( P for trend <0.001). Conclusions- Our data suggest that chronic hypertension has a detrimental effect on acute leptomeningeal collateral flow in patients with cerebral large-vessel occlusion. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02251665.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Fujita
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (K.F., T.I., M.K., K. Toyoda), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (K.F., T.Y.)
| | - Kanta Tanaka
- Division of Stroke Care Unit (K. Tanaka, H.Y., K.S.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagami
- Division of Stroke Care Unit (K. Tanaka, H.Y., K.S.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ide
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (K.F., T.I., M.K., K. Toyoda), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology (H.I., M.I.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sonoda
- Division of Stroke Care Unit (K. Tanaka, H.Y., K.S.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsu Satow
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.S., J.C.T.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun C Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery (T.S., J.C.T.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology (H.I., M.I.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Koga
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (K.F., T.I., M.K., K. Toyoda), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan (K.F., T.Y.)
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- From the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine (K.F., T.I., M.K., K. Toyoda), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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58
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Monson KL, Converse MI, Manley GT. Cerebral blood vessel damage in traumatic brain injury. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 64:98-113. [PMID: 29478776 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a devastating cause of death and disability. Although injury of brain tissue is of primary interest in head trauma, nearly all significant cases include damage of the cerebral blood vessels. Because vessels are critical to the maintenance of the healthy brain, any injury or dysfunction of the vasculature puts neural tissue at risk. It is well known that these vessels commonly tear and bleed as an immediate consequence of traumatic brain injury. It follows that other vessels experience deformations that are significant though not severe enough to produce bleeding. Recent data show that such subfailure deformations damage the microstructure of the cerebral vessels, altering both their structure and function. Little is known about the prognosis of these injured vessels and their potential contribution to disease development. The objective of this review is to describe the current state of knowledge on the mechanics of cerebral vessels during head trauma and how they respond to the applied loads. Further research on these topics will clarify the role of blood vessels in the progression of traumatic brain injury and is expected to provide insight into improved strategies for treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Monson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, USA.
| | | | - Geoffrey T Manley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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59
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Vitt JR, Trillanes M, Hemphill JC. Management of Blood Pressure During and After Recanalization Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:138. [PMID: 30846967 PMCID: PMC6394277 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a common neurologic condition and can lead to significant long term disability and death. Observational studies have demonstrated worse outcomes in patients presenting with the extremes of blood pressure as well as with hemodynamic variability. Despite these associations, optimal hemodynamic management in the immediate period of ischemic stroke remains an unresolved issue, particularly in the modern era of revascularization therapies. While guidelines exist for BP thresholds during and after thrombolytic therapy, there is substantially less data to guide management during mechanical thrombectomy. Ideal blood pressure targets after attempted recanalization depend both on the degree of reperfusion achieved as well as the extent of infarction present. Following complete reperfusion, lower blood pressure targets may be warranted to prevent reperfusion injury and promote penumbra recovery however prospective clinical trials addressing this issue are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Vitt
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Trillanes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - J. Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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60
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Yang L, Luo S. Clinical application of susceptibility-weighted imaging in the evaluation of leptomeningeal collateralization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13345. [PMID: 30572437 PMCID: PMC6320133 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in a clinical setting was assessed for quantifying leptomeningeal collateralization.Eighteen patients with stroke and acute infarction underwent diffusion-weighted imaging, SWI, perfusion-weighted imaging, and magnetic resonance angiography within 3 days after symptom onset. Lesions were evaluated by the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS), based on mean transit time, SWI, and cerebral blood volume (CBV).For evaluating ischemic penumbra and leptomeningeal collateralization, the SWI-ASPECTS significantly correlated, respectively, with mean transit time and CBV-ASPECTS (Spearman test, r = 0.793 and 0.682; P < .001, both).The SWI may be useful to quantify leptomeningeal collateralization in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Song Luo
- Department of Neurology, The first affiliated hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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61
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Li Z, Tremble SM, Cipolla MJ. Implications for understanding ischemic stroke as a sexually dimorphic disease: the role of pial collateral circulations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1703-H1712. [PMID: 30239233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00402.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated structural and functional differences in primary and pial collateral circulations in adult normotensive male and female Wistar rats. Male ( n = 10) and female ( n = 7) rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and changes in relative cerebral blood flow in MCA and pial collateral territories were measured by multisite laser-Doppler flowmetry. Rats were then transcardially perfused with a mixture of carbon black and latex, perfusion fixed, and imaged to compare primary and pial collateral structure between male ( n = 4) and female ( n = 3) rats, including lumen diameters and number. To study pial collateral function, leptomeningeal anastomoses (LMAs) were isolated and pressurized from male ( n = 7) and female ( n = 6) rats. Myogenic tone and reactivity to pressure, vascular function to pharmacological activator, or inhibitor of ion channels was measured and compared. There was no difference between relative cerebral blood flow in both MCA and pial collateral territories during occlusion and reperfusion between groups. Compared with male LMAs, female LMAs had similar myogenic tone (24.0 ± 7.3% vs. 16.0 ± 3.7%, P > 0.05) and reactivity to increased pressure and similar vascular responses to vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory stimuli. Additionally, compared with female LMAs, male LMAs had similar numbers (21 ± 1 vs. 20 ± 2, P > 0.05) and diameters (30.5 ± 2.0 vs. 26.2 ± 0.6 μm, P > 0.05), and no sex difference was detected in the diameter of arterial segments of circle of Willis. Together, our data establish no sex difference of cerebral collateral structure or function, suggesting that the reduced severity of stroke outcome in female rats is not likely due to differences in the cerebral collateral circulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work compared the function of leptomeningeal anastomoses between male and female adult normotensive rats with no sex difference found. We also confirmed no sex difference in primary and pial collateral structure in Wistar rats. Our findings suggest that the reduced severity of stroke in premenopausal women and reproductively intact female rodents is not likely due to improved primary and pial collateral circulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojin Li
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Sarah M Tremble
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Robert Larner College of Medicine , Burlington, Vermont
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Reid M, Famuyide AO, Forkert ND, Sahand Talai A, Evans JW, Sitaram A, Hafeez M, Najm M, Menon BK, Demchuk A, Goyal M, Gupta Sah R, d’Esterre CD, Barber P. Accuracy and Reliability of Multiphase CTA Perfusion for Identifying Ischemic Core. Clin Neuroradiol 2018; 29:543-552. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-0717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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63
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Havsteen I, Willer L, Ovesen C, Nybing JD, Ægidius K, Marstrand J, Meden P, Rosenbaum S, Folke MN, Christensen H, Christensen A. Significance of arterial spin labeling perfusion and susceptibility weighted imaging changes in patients with transient ischemic attack: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med Imaging 2018; 18:24. [PMID: 30126352 PMCID: PMC6102826 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-018-0264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a prospective cohort of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA), we investigated usefulness and feasibility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) alone and in combination with standard diffusion weighted (DWI) imaging in subacute diagnostic work-up. We investigated rates of ASL and SWI changes and their potential correlation to lasting infarction 8 weeks after ictus. Methods Patients with TIA underwent 3T-MRI including DWI, ASL and SWI within 72 h of symptom onset. We defined lasting infarction as presence of 8-week MRI T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity or atrophy in the area of initial DWI-lesion. Results We included 116 patients. Diffusion and perfusion together identified more patients with ischemia than either alone (59% vs. 40%, p < 0.0001). The presence of both diffusion and perfusion lesions had the highest rate of 8-week gliosis scars, 65% (p < 0.0001). In white matter, DWI-restriction was the determinant factor for scar development. However, in cortical gray matter half of lesions with perfusion deficit left a scar, while lesions without perfusion change rarely resulted in scars (56% versus 21%, p = 0.03). SWI lesions were rare (6%) and a subset of perfusion lesions. SWI-lesions with DWI-lesions were all located in cortical gray matter and showed high scar rate. Conclusions ASL perfusion increased ischemia detection in patients with TIA, and was most useful in conjunction with DWI. ASL was fast, robust and useful in a subacute clinical diagnostic setting. SWI had few positive findings and did not add information. Trial Registration. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier NCT01531946, prospectively registered February 9, 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12880-018-0264-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Havsteen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
| | - Lasse Willer
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Christian Ovesen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Janus Damm Nybing
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Karen Ægidius
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Jacob Marstrand
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Per Meden
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Sverre Rosenbaum
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Marie Norsker Folke
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Hanne Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
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Saqqur M, Khan K, Derksen C, Alexandrov A, Shuaib A. Transcranial Doppler and Transcranial Color Duplex in Defining Collateral Cerebral Blood Flow. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:455-476. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Saqqur
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Neuroscience Institute; Hamad General Hospital Doha Qatar
| | - Khurshid Khan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Carol Derksen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Andrei Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology; University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Memphis TN USA
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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Fisher JA, Venkatraghavan L, Mikulis DJ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Hemodynamic Reserve. Stroke 2018; 49:2011-2018. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.021012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Fisher
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (J.A.F., L.V.)
- Department of Anesthesiology (J.A.F., L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences (J.A.F., D.J.M.)
- Department of Physiology (J.A.F.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Lashmi Venkatraghavan
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management and the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (J.A.F., L.V.)
- Department of Anesthesiology (J.A.F., L.V.)
| | - David J. Mikulis
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging and the Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory (D.J.M.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences (J.A.F., D.J.M.)
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Migrino RQ, Truran S, Karamanova N, Serrano GE, Madrigal C, Davies HA, Madine J, Reaven P, Beach TG. Human cerebral collateral arteriole function in subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H284-H290. [PMID: 29775413 PMCID: PMC6139628 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have suggested a link between cardiovascular disease and dementia disorders, but the role of the collateral brain circulation in cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that leptomeningeal arteriole (LMA) function and response to metabolic stressors differ among subjects with dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal cognition (CN). After rapid autopsy, LMAs were isolated from subjects with CN ( n = 10), MCI ( n = 12), or dementia [ n = 42, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or other dementia], and endothelial and smooth muscle-dependent function were measured at baseline and after exposure to β-amyloid (2 μM), palmitic acid (150 μM), or medin (5 μM) and compared. There were no differences among the groups in baseline endothelial function (maximum dilation to acetylcholine, CN: 74.1 ± 9.7%, MCI: 67.1 ± 4.8%, AD: 74.7 ± 2.8%, VaD: 72.0 ± 5.3%, and other dementia: 68.0 ± 8.0%) and smooth muscle-dependent function (CN: 93.4 ± 3.0%, MCI: 83.3 ± 4.1%, AD: 91.8 ± 1.7%, VaD: 91.7 ± 2.4%, and other dementia: 87.9 ± 4.9%). There was no correlation between last cognitive function score and baseline endothelial or smooth muscle-dependent function. LMA endothelial function and, to a lesser extent, smooth muscle-dependent function were impaired posttreatment with β-amyloid, palmitic acid, and medin. Posttreatment LMA responses were not different between subjects with CN/MCI vs. dementia. Baseline responses and impaired vasoreactivity after treatment with metabolic stressors did not differ among subjects with CN, MCI, and dementia. The results suggest that the cognitive dysfunction in dementia disorders is not attributable to differences in baseline brain collateral circulation function but may be influenced by exposure of the vasculature to metabolic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Q Migrino
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix , Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Seth Truran
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Nina Karamanova
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner-Sun Health Research Institute , Sun City, Arizona
| | - Calvin Madrigal
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Hannah A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - Jillian Madine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
| | - Peter Reaven
- Office of Research, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix , Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Department of Neuropathology, Banner-Sun Health Research Institute , Sun City, Arizona
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The pial vasculature of the mouse develops according to a sensory-independent program. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9860. [PMID: 29959346 PMCID: PMC6026131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature is organized to supply the brain’s metabolic needs. Sensory deprivation during the early postnatal period causes altered neural activity and lower metabolic demand. Neural activity is instructional for some aspects of vascular development, and deprivation causes changes in capillary density in the deprived brain region. However, it is not known if the pial arteriole network, which contains many leptomeningeal anastomoses (LMAs) that endow the network with redundancy against occlusions, is also affected by sensory deprivation. We quantified the effects of early-life sensory deprivation via whisker plucking on the densities of LMAs and penetrating arterioles (PAs) in anatomically-identified primary sensory regions (vibrissae cortex, forelimb/hindlimb cortex, visual cortex and auditory cortex) in mice. We found that the densities of penetrating arterioles were the same across cortical regions, though the hindlimb representation had a higher density of LMAs than other sensory regions. We found that the densities of PAs and LMAs, as well as quantitative measures of network topology, were not affected by sensory deprivation. Our results show that the postnatal development of the pial arterial network is robust to sensory deprivation.
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68
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Morales H, Kong M. Stroke Mimics: The Quest for Leptomeningeal Anastomoses and Isolated Diffusion-Weigthed MR Signal. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2018; 39:425-440. [PMID: 30244758 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is caused by occlusion of a medium- or large-sized vessel in the brain. The treatment with either intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis is based on an accurate and time-sensitive diagnosis. On clinical and imaging grounds a number of entities-seizures, toxic-metabolic, infectious, or demyelinating diseases-can mimic stroke. Identifying them is paramount as the treatment differs significantly. Prior imaging reviews have focused on the nonterritorial distribution of these mimics. However, some important questions arise here. Are the vascular territories and their boundaries invariable in the human brain? Where should we draw the lines separating arterial territories? van der Zwan and colleagues addressed these questions decades ago. For him and others, the leptomeningeal anastomoses-a contentious concept for some but increasingly linked to collateral flow in stroke-is an important anatomic structure with significant variations in their distribution and pathophysiology. Variations in blood supply appear larger that traditionally taught. We revisit this concept and entertained their implications in cases of stroke mimics. For instance, the distribution of abnormalities in some toxic-metabolic processes appear to correlate with areas where rich leptomeningeal anastomoses are expected. We will also explore the concept of hyperintense signal on diffusion weighted-imaging with no correlated changes on apparent diffusion coefficient maps. We name this finding as "isolated DWI signal" and lay-out its importance in the recognition of many entities mimicking stroke. Taking together, the discussed anatomic and imaging concepts will help radiologists and clinicians to recognize not only the common but the unusual entities imitating stroke in the emergency room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Morales
- Section of Neuroradiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center.
| | - Marshall Kong
- Section of Neuroradiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center
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69
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Wang T, Hou Y, Bu B, Wang W, Ma T, Liu C, Lin L, Ma L, Lou X, Gao M. Timely Visualization of the Collaterals Formed during Acute Ischemic Stroke with Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticle-based MR Imaging Probe. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800573. [PMID: 29665290 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major leading causes for long-term disability and mortality. Collateral vessels provide an alternative pathway to protect the brain against ischemic injury after arterial occlusion. Aiming at visualizing the collaterals occurring during acute ischemic stroke, an integrin αv β3 -specific Fe3 O4 -Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) nanoprobe is prepared for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the collaterals. Rat models are constructed by occluding the middle cerebral artery for imaging studies of cerebral ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion on 7.0 Tesla MRI using susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence. To show the binding specificity to the collaterals, the imaging results acquired with the Fe3 O4 -RGD nanoprobe and the Fe3 O4 mother nanoparticles, respectively, are carefully compared. In addition, an RGD blocking experiment is also carried out to support the excellent binding specificity of the Fe3 O4 -RGD nanoprobe. Following the above experiments, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion studies show the collateral dynamics upon reperfusion, which is very important for the prognosis of various revascularization therapies in the clinic. The current study has, for the first time, enabled the direct observation of collaterals in a quasi-real time fashion and further disclosed that the antegrade flow upon reperfusion dominates the blood supply of primary ischemic tissue during the early stage of infarction, which is significantly meaningful for clinical treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bo Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Tiancong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Okyere B, Creasey M, Lebovitz Y, Theus MH. Temporal remodeling of pial collaterals and functional deficits in a murine model of ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 293:86-96. [PMID: 28935424 PMCID: PMC5749401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptomeningeal anastomoses play a critical role in regulating reperfusion following cerebrovascular obstruction; however, methods to evaluate their temporospatial remodeling remains under investigation. NEW METHOD We combined arteriole-specific vessel painting with histological evaluation to assess the density and diameter of inter-collateral vessels between the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery (MCA-ACA) or posterior cerebral artery (MCA-PCA) in a murine model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). RESULTS While the overall density was not influenced by pMCAO, the size of MCA-ACA and MCA-PCA vessels had significantly increased 2days post-pMCAO and peaked by 4days compared to the un-injured hemisphere. Using a combination of vessel painting and immunofluorescence, we uniquely observed an induction of cellular division and a remodeling of the smooth muscle cells within the collateral niche following post-pMCAO on whole mount tissue sections. Vessel painting was also applied to pMCAO-injured Cx3cr1GFP mice, in order to identify the spatial relationship between Cx3cr1-positive peripheral-derived monocyte/macrophages and the vessel painted collaterals. Our histological findings were supplemented with analysis of cerebral blood flow using laser Doppler imaging and behavioral changes following pMCAO. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to polyurethane and latex methods for collateral labeling, this new method provides detailed cell-type specific analysis within the collateral niche at the microscopic level, which has previously been unavailable. CONCLUSIONS This simple and reproducible combination of techniques is the first to dissect the temporospatial remodeling of pial collateral arterioles. The method will advance investigations into the underlying mechanisms governing the intricate processes of arteriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Okyere
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Miranda Creasey
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yeonwoo Lebovitz
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Results of Conservative Follow-up or Surgical Treatment of Moyamoya Patients Who Present without Hemorrhage, Transient Ischemic Attack, or Stroke. World Neurosurg 2017; 108:683-689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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72
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Muthusami P, Krings T, Raybaud C, Dirks P, M Shroff M. Intracranial artery to artery spontaneous revascularization in a child. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:2035-2038. [PMID: 28676978 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intracranial artery-to-artery antegrade revascularization is a poorly recognized entity, more so when it involves main stem arteries. The etiology, appearance, and significance of this condition are not described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of spontaneous revascularization of a chronically occluded middle cerebral arterial branch by collaterals from the proximal segment reconstituting distal flow, mimicking a brain arteriovenous malformation in a 9-year old boy. We discuss the nature of these channels, presumed to be related to artery to artery collaterals that are either dilated adventitial vasa vasorum, or, more likely, leptomeningeal collaterals that are hypertrophied in response to cerebral demand. We review the literature regarding intracerebral vasa vasorum and leptomeningeal collaterals including their imaging. CONCLUSION Recognizing the tortuous channels associated with this type of vascular abnormality as normal vessels reconsituting distal flow may prevent unnecessary and potentially dangerous treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Muthusami
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1H4, Canada.
| | - Timo Krings
- Division of Neuroradiology and Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Charles Raybaud
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1H4, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manohar M Shroff
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1H4, Canada
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Right-to-left shunt may be prone to affect the white matter integrity of posterior circulation in migraine without aura. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:119-125. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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74
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Leslie-Mazwi T, Chen M, Yi J, Starke RM, Hussain MS, Meyers PM, McTaggart RA, Pride GL, Ansari AS, Abruzzo T, Albani B, Arthur AS, Baxter BW, Bulsara KR, Delgado Almandoz JE, Gandhi CD, Heck D, Hetts SW, Klucznik RP, Jayaraman MV, Lee SK, Mack WJ, Mocco J, Prestigiacomo C, Patsalides A, Rasmussen P, Sunenshine P, Frei D, Fraser JF. Post-thrombectomy management of the ELVO patient: Guidelines from the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery. J Neurointerv Surg 2017; 9:1258-1266. [PMID: 28963364 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thabele Leslie-Mazwi
- Neurointerventional Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julia Yi
- University Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan A McTaggart
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - G Lee Pride
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Sameer Ansari
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Todd Abruzzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Barbara Albani
- Department of Neurointerventional Surgery, Christiana Care Health Systems, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Blaise W Baxter
- Department of Radiology, Erlanger Medical Center, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ketan R Bulsara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Josser E Delgado Almandoz
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chirag D Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Don Heck
- Department of Radiology, Forsyth Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Radiology, University of California in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard P Klucznik
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mahesh V Jayaraman
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Seon-Kyu Lee
- The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William J Mack
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Mocco
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Athos Patsalides
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Rasmussen
- Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Donald Frei
- Swedish Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Justin F Fraser
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Jiang L, Su HB, Zhang YD, Zhou JS, Geng W, Chen H, Xu Q, Yin X, Chen YC. Collateral vessels on magnetic resonance angiography in endovascular-treated acute ischemic stroke patients associated with clinical outcomes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81529-81537. [PMID: 29113412 PMCID: PMC5655307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Collateral vessels were considered to be related with outcome in endovascular-treated acute ischemic stroke patients. This study aimed to evaluate whether the collateral vessels on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) could predict the clinical outcome. Materials and Methods Acute stroke patients with internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion within 6 hours of symptom onset were included. All patients underwent MRI and received endovascular treatment. The collateral circulations at the Sylvian fissure and the leptomeningeal convexity were evaluated. The preoperative and postoperative infarct volume was measured. The clinical outcome was evaluated by mRS score at 3 months after stroke. Results Of 55 patients, Cases with insufficient collateral circulation at the Sylvian fissure and leptomeningeal convexity showed that the NIHSS score at arrival and preoperative infarct volume were significantly lower in mRS score of 0–2 (both P < 0.05) than mRS score of 3–6. Multivariate testing revealed age and collateral status at the leptomeningeal convexity were independent of the clinical outcome at 3 months after stroke (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.094 (1.025–1.168); 9.542 (1.812–50.245) respectively). The change of infarct volume in the group with mRS score of 0–2 was smaller than that with mRS score of 3–6. While multivariate logistic models showed that postoperative infarct volume was non-significant in predicting the clinical outcome after stroke. Conclusions The extent of collateral circulation at the leptomeningeal convexity may be useful for predicting the functional recovery while the relationship between postoperative infarct volume and clinical outcome still requires for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Bo Su
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Shan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Geng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyou Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xindao Yin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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76
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Hancock AM, Frostig RD. Testing the effects of sensory stimulation as a collateral-based therapeutic for ischemic stroke in C57BL/6J and CD1 mouse strains. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183909. [PMID: 28902897 PMCID: PMC5597132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing a rat model of ischemic stroke, we have previously shown that sensory stimulation can completely protect rats from impending ischemic damage of cortex if this treatment is delivered within the first two hours post-permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAo). The current study sought to extend our findings in rats to mice, which would allow new avenues of research not available in rats. Thus, young adult C57BL/6J and CD1 mice were tested for protection from ischemic stroke with the same protective sensory stimulation-based treatment. Cortical activity and blood flow were assessed with intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI) and laser speckle imaging (LSI), respectively, and histological analysis (TTC) was performed at the completion of the experiments. Standing in stark contrast to the positive results observed in rats, in both strains we found that there were no differences between treated and untreated mice at 24 hours post-pMCAo in terms of infarct volume, negative functional imaging results, and major reduction in retrograde collateral blood flow as compared to pre-pMCAo baseline and surgical controls. Also, no differences were found between the strains in terms of theses variables. Potential reasons for the differences between rats and mice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneeka M. Hancock
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ron D. Frostig
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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77
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Lin T, Lai Z, Lv Y, Qu J, Zuo Z, You H, Wu B, Hou B, Liu C, Feng F. Effective collateral circulation may indicate improved perfusion territory restoration after carotid endarterectomy. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:727-735. [PMID: 28894898 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the level of collateral circulation and perfusion territory normalisation after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS This study enrolled 22 patients with severe carotid stenosis that underwent CEA and 54 volunteers without significant carotid stenosis. All patients were scanned with ASL and t-ASL within 1 month before and 1 week after CEA. Collateral circulation was assessed on preoperative ASL images based on the presence of ATA. The postoperative flow territories were considered as back to normal if they conformed to the perfusion territory map in a healthy population. Neuropsychological tests were performed on patients before and within 7 days after surgery. RESULTS ATA-based collateral score assessed on preoperative ASL was significantly higher in the flow territory normalisation group (n=11, 50 %) after CEA (P < 0.0001). The MMSE (mean change=1.36±0.96) and MOCA (mean change=1.18±0.95) test scores showed a significant postoperative (7 days after CEA) improvement in the flow territory normalisation group [>mean differences+2SD among control (MMSE=1.35, MOCA=1.02)]. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that effective collateral flow in carotid stenosis patients was associated with normalisation of t-ASL perfusion territory after CEA. The perfusion territory normalisation group tends to have more cognitive improvement after CEA. KEY POINTS • Evaluation of collaterals before CEA is helpful for avoiding ischaemia during clamping. • There was good agreement on ATA-based ASL collateral grading. • Perfusion territories in carotid stenosis patients are altered. • Patients have better collateral circulation with perfusion territory back to normal. • MMSE and MOCA test scores improved more in the territory normalisation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianye Lin
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Lai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelei Lv
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qu
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Zuo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, China.
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78
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Bhaskar S, Bivard A, Stanwell P, Parsons M, Attia JR, Nilsson M, Levi C. Baseline collateral status and infarct topography in post-ischaemic perilesional hyperperfusion: An arterial spin labelling study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1148-1162. [PMID: 27256323 PMCID: PMC5363484 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16653133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Focal hyperperfusion after acute ischaemic stroke could be of prognostic value depending upon its spatial localisation and temporal dynamics. Factors associated with late stage (12-24 h) perilesional hyperperfusion, identified using arterial spin labelling, are poorly defined. A prospective cohort of acute ischaemic stroke patients presenting within 4.5 h of symptom onset were assessed with multi-modal computed tomography acutely and magnetic resonance imaging at 24 ± 8 h. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics curves were used. One hundred and nineteen hemispheric acute ischaemic stroke patients (mean age = 71 ± 12 years) with 24 h arterial spin labelling imaging were included. Forty-two (35.3%) patients showed perilesional hyperperfusion on arterial spin labelling at 24 h. Several factors were independently associated with perilesional hyperperfusion: good collaterals (71% versus 29%, P < 0.0001; OR = 5, 95% CI = [1.6, 15.7], P = 0.005), major reperfusion (81% versus 48%, P = < 0.0001; OR = 7.5, 95% CI = [1.6, 35.1], P = 0.01), penumbral salvage (76.2% versus 47%, P = 0.002; OR = 6.6, 95% CI = [1.8, 24.5], P = 0.004), infarction in striatocapsular (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = [2.6, 34], P = 0.001) and in cortical superior division middle cerebral artery (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = [1.4, 15.7], P = 0.012) territory. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91. Our results demonstrate good arterial collaterals, major reperfusion, penumbral salvage, and infarct topographies involving cortical superior middle cerebral artery and striatocapsular are associated with perilesional hyperperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhaskar
- 1 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Andrew Bivard
- 1 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter Stanwell
- 2 Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mark Parsons
- 1 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- 3 Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- 2 Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,4 Centre for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Levi
- 1 Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,2 Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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79
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Gawlitza M, Böhme J, Maros M, Lobsien D, Michalski D, Groden C, Hoffmann KT, Förster A. FLAIR vascular hyperintensities and 4D MR angiograms for the estimation of collateral blood flow in anterior cerebral artery ischemia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172570. [PMID: 28234996 PMCID: PMC5325299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess FLAIR vascular hyperintensities (FVH) and dynamic (4D) angiograms derived from perfusion raw data as proposed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging markers of leptomeningeal collateral circulation in patients with ischemia in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). METHODS Forty patients from two tertiary care university hospitals were included. Infarct volumes and perfusion deficits were manually measured on DWI images and TTP maps, respectively. FVH and collateral flow on 4D MR angiograms were assessed and graded as previously specified. RESULTS Forty-one hemispheres were affected. Mean DWI lesion volume was 8.2 (± 13.9; range 0-76.9) ml, mean TTP lesion volume was 24.5 (± 17.2, range 0-76.7) ml. FVH were observed in 26/41 (63.4%) hemispheres. Significant correlations were detected between FVH and TTP lesion volume (ρ = 0.4; P<0.01) absolute (ρ = 0.37; P<0.05) and relative mismatch volume (ρ = 0.35; P<0.05). The modified ASITN/SIR score correlated inversely with DWI lesion volume (ρ = -0.58; P<0.01) and positively with relative mismatch (ρ = 0.29; P< 0.05). ANOVA of the ASITN/SIR score revealed significant inter-group differences for DWI (P<0.001) and TTP lesion volumes (P<0.05). No correlation was observed between FVH scores and modified ASITH/SIR scores (ρ = -0.16; P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS FVH and flow patterns on 4D MR angiograms are markers of perfusion deficits and tissue at risk. As both methods did not show a correlation between each other, they seem to provide complimentary instead of redundant information. Previously shown evidence for the meaning of these specific MR signs in internal carotid and middle cerebral artery stroke seems to be transferrable to ischemic stroke in the ACA territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gawlitza
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Johannes Böhme
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maté Maros
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Donald Lobsien
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik Michalski
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Alex Förster
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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80
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Kim BJ, Chung JW, Park HK, Kim JY, Yang MH, Han MK, Jeong C, Hwang G, Kwon OK, Bae HJ. CT Angiography of Collateral Vessels and Outcomes in Endovascular-Treated Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Clin Neurol 2017; 13:121-128. [PMID: 28176499 PMCID: PMC5392453 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2017.13.2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Measuring the extent of the collateral blood vessels using computed tomography (CT) angiography source images may promote tissue survival and functional gain in acute ischemic stroke patients who are candidates for endovascular recanalization treatment. Methods Of 5,558 acute stroke patients registered in a prospective clinical stroke registry, 104 met the selection criteria of endovascular recanalization treatment for internal cerebral artery or middle cerebral artery main-stem (M1) occlusions and presented for treatment ≤4 hours after the event. Using CT angiography source images, two independent and blinded reviewers measured the extent of collateral circulations at four regions, with good interrater reliability. The functional recovery at 3 months after stroke was used as an outcome variable. Results Cases with a sufficient collateral circulation at the Sylvian fissure showed significantly increased likelihood of having a modified Rankin Scale score of ≤2 at 3 months after stroke (adjusted odds ratio=3.03, 95% confidence interval=1.19–7.73, p=0.02), but the association became nonsignificant after adding the infarct volume to the model (p=0.65). The association between leptomeningeal convexity collaterals and functional recovery was no longer significant after adjusting for the infarct volume (p=0.28). The natural indirect effect of infarct volume on functional recovery was significant for both the Sylvian fissure (p=0.03) and leptomeningeal convexity (p=0.02) collaterals. Conclusions The extent of collateral circulation at the Sylvian fissure was significantly associated with functional recovery, which may be mediated via the volume of the final infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Jong Won Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Park
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jun Yup Kim
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Yang
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon Ku Han
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheolkyu Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Gyojun Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - O Ki Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Joon Bae
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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81
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Wu C, Schnell S, Vakil P, Honarmand AR, Ansari SA, Carr J, Markl M, Prabhakaran S. In Vivo Assessment of the Impact of Regional Intracranial Atherosclerotic Lesions on Brain Arterial 3D Hemodynamics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:515-522. [PMID: 28057635 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial atherosclerosis induces hemodynamic disturbance, which is not well-characterized, particularly in cerebral flow redistribution. We aimed to characterize the impact of regional stenotic lesions on intracranial hemodynamics by using 4D flow MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4D flow MR imaging was performed in 22 symptomatic patients (mean age, 68.4 ± 14.2 years) with intracranial stenosis (ICA, n = 7; MCA, n = 9; basilar artery, n = 6) and 10 age-appropriate healthy volunteers (mean age, 60.7 ± 8.1 years). 3D blood flow patterns were visualized by using time-integrated pathlines. Blood flow and peak velocity asymmetry indices were compared between patients and healthy volunteers in 4 prespecified arteries: ICAs, MCAs, and anterior/posterior cerebral arteries. RESULTS 3D blood flow pathlines demonstrated flow redistribution across cerebral arteries in patients with unilateral intracranial stenosis. For patients with ICA stenosis compared with healthy volunteers, significantly lower flow and peak velocities were identified in the ipsilateral ICA (P = .001 and P = .001) and MCA (P < .001 and P = .001), but higher flow, in the ipsilateral PCA (P < .001). For patients with MCA stenosis, significantly lower flow and peak velocities were observed in the ipsilateral ICA (P = .009 and P = .045) and MCA (P < .001 and P = .005), but significantly higher flow was found in the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery (P = .014) and anterior cerebral artery (P = .006). The asymmetry indices were not significantly different between patients with basilar artery stenosis and the healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS Regional intracranial atherosclerotic lesions not only alter distal arterial flow but also significantly affect ipsilateral collateral arterial hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wu
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.W., M.M.), McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois .,Departments of Radiology (C.W., S.S., P.V., A.R.H., S.A.A., J.C., M.M.).,Philips Healthcare (C.W.), Gainesville, Florida
| | - S Schnell
- Departments of Radiology (C.W., S.S., P.V., A.R.H., S.A.A., J.C., M.M.)
| | - P Vakil
- Departments of Radiology (C.W., S.S., P.V., A.R.H., S.A.A., J.C., M.M.)
| | - A R Honarmand
- Departments of Radiology (C.W., S.S., P.V., A.R.H., S.A.A., J.C., M.M.)
| | - S A Ansari
- Departments of Radiology (C.W., S.S., P.V., A.R.H., S.A.A., J.C., M.M.).,Neurological Surgery (S.A.A.)
| | - J Carr
- Departments of Radiology (C.W., S.S., P.V., A.R.H., S.A.A., J.C., M.M.)
| | - M Markl
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (C.W., M.M.), McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Departments of Radiology (C.W., S.S., P.V., A.R.H., S.A.A., J.C., M.M.)
| | - S Prabhakaran
- Neurology (S.P.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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82
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Ma Y, Gu Y, Tong X, Wang J, Kuai D, Wang D, Ren J, Duan L, Maimaiti A, Cai Y, Huang Y, Wang X, Cao Y, You C, Yu J, Jiao L, Ling F. The Carotid and Middle cerebral artery Occlusion Surgery Study (CMOSS): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:544. [PMID: 27852286 PMCID: PMC5111211 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion with haemodynamic insufficiency are at high risk for recurrent stroke when treated medically. METHODS The Carotid or Middle cerebral artery Occlusion Surgery Study (CMOSS) trial is an ongoing, government-funded, prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. The CMOSS will recruit 330 patients with symptomatic ICA or MCA occlusion (parallel design, 1:1 allocation ratio) and haemodynamic insufficiency. Participants will be allocated to best medical treatment alone or best medicine plus extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery. The primary outcome events are all strokes or deaths occurring between randomisation and 30 days post operation or post randomisation and ipsilateral ischaemic stroke within 2 years. Recruitment will be finished by December 2016. All the patients will be followed for at least 2 years. The trial is scheduled to complete in 2019. DISCUSSION The CMOSS will test the hypothesis that EC-IC bypass surgery plus best medical therapy reduces subsequent ipsilateral ischaemic stroke in patients with symptomatic ICA or MCA occlusion and haemodynamic cerebral ischaemia. This manuscript outlines the rationale and the design of the study. CMOSS will allow for more critical reappraisal of the EC-IC bypass for selected patients in China. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01758614 with ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on 24 December 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fu Dan University, No. 12 Mid Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huanhu Hospital, No. 6 Jizhao Road, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital, No. 45 Huashan Road, LiaoCheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Dong Kuai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of ShanXi Medical University, No. 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of LanZhou University, No. 80 Cuiyingmen Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 307 Hospital of PLA, No. 8 Dongda Street, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Aili Maimaiti
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of XinJiang Medical University, No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, 830054, China
| | - Yiling Cai
- Department of Neurology, The 306 Hospital of PLA, No. 9 Anxiangbeili, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, 650101, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 324 Dianmian Road, Kunming, Yunnan, 610041, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiasheng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China
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83
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The collateral circulation determines cortical infarct volume in anterior circulation ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:206. [PMID: 27769189 PMCID: PMC5073932 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0722-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common neurological event that causes varying degrees of disability. AIS outcome varies considerably, from complete recovery to complete loss of tissue and function. This diversity is partly explained by the compensatory ability of the collateral circulation and the ensuing cerebral flow grade. The collateral flow to the anterior circulation largely supplies the cortical areas. The deep brain tissue is supplied by penetrating arteries and has little or no collateral supply. Although these brain compartments differ substantially in their collateral supply, there are no published data on the different effects the collateral circulation has on them. In addition, the influence of baseline collateral flow on the final infarct size following endovascular or reperfusion therapies remains unknown. This study was designed to determine the effect of the collateral circulation on cortical infarct volume and deep infarct volume, and to investigate the relation between the collateral grade, response to reperfusion therapy and clinical outcome. Methods We studied consecutive patients presenting to our medical center between April 2008 and April 2012 with AIS and anterior proximal artery occlusion. To be included patients had to undergo a computerized tomographic angiographic study within 12 h of symptom onset demonstrating the occlusion. Imaging data and clinical and laboratory values were extracted retrospectively from the original scans and medical records. Cortical infarct volume (CIV) and deep infarct volume (DIV) were calculated as well as collateral grade. Clinical outcome was assessed at discharge using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results Of the 51 study patients, 13 were treated conservatively, 22 received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and 16 received intra-arterial thrombolysis. The collateral grading was similar for all three treatment groups. While there was a moderate inverse correlation between the collateral grade and CIV (Spearman’s rho = −0.49, P < 0.001), no comparable correlation was observed between the collateral grade and DIV (Spearman’s rho =0.03, P = 0.85). Clinical outcome was significantly related to CIV but not to DIV (Spearman’s rho =0.6 P < 0.001 versus Spearman’s rho =0.09 P = 0.54, respectively). The correlation between the collateral grade and CIV was greatly diminished and lost its statistical significance in patients with successful recanalization (Spearman’s rho = 0.2, p = 0.3). Conclusions Our data shows that the collateral circulation is an important determinant of cortical infarct volume and, in turn, of clinical outcome in the setting of anterior circulation major artery occlusion. Our findings further demonstrate the benefit of recanalization in sparing cortical tissue from injury. Additional studies are needed to determine the impact of stroke therapy on the final infarct volume in relation to the collateral grade.
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84
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Endovascular treatments for posterior cerebral artery aneurysms and vascular insufficiency of fetal-type circulation after parent artery occlusion. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 32:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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85
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Lambert SL, Williams FJ, Oganisyan ZZ, Branch LA, Mader EC. Fetal-Type Variants of the Posterior Cerebral Artery and Concurrent Infarction in the Major Arterial Territories of the Cerebral Hemisphere. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2016; 4:2324709616665409. [PMID: 27660767 PMCID: PMC5024744 DOI: 10.1177/2324709616665409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal-type or fetal posterior cerebral artery (FPCA) is a variant of cerebrovascular anatomy in which the distal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory is perfused by a branch of the internal carotid artery (ICA). In the presence of FPCA, thromboembolism in the anterior circulation may result in paradoxical PCA territory infarction with or without concomitant infarction in the territories of the middle (MCA) or the anterior (ACA) cerebral artery. We describe 2 cases of FPCA and concurrent acute infarction in the PCA and ICA territories-right PCA and MCA in Patient 1 and left PCA, MCA, and ACA in Patient 2. Noninvasive angiography detected a left FPCA in both patients. While FPCA was clearly the mechanism of paradoxical infarction in Patient 2, it turned out to be an incidental finding in Patient 1 when evidence of a classic right PCA was uncovered from an old computed tomography scan image. Differences in anatomical details of the FPCA in each patient suggest that the 2 FPCAs are developmentally different. The FPCA of Patient 1 appeared to be an extension of the embryonic left posterior communicating artery (PcomA). Patient 2 had 2 PCAs on the left (PCA duplication), classic bilateral PCAs, and PcomAs, and absent left anterior choroidal artery (AchoA), suggesting developmental AchoA-to-FPCA transformation on the left. These 2 cases underscore the variable anatomy, clinical significance, and embryological origins of FPCA variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank J Williams
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhora Z Oganisyan
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lionel A Branch
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Edward C Mader
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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86
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Polycarpou A, Hricisák L, Iring A, Safar D, Ruisanchez É, Horváth B, Sándor P, Benyó Z. Adaptation of the cerebrocortical circulation to carotid artery occlusion involves blood flow redistribution between cortical regions and is independent of eNOS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H972-H980. [PMID: 27496877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00197.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral circulation is secured by feed-forward and feed-back control pathways to maintain and eventually reestablish the optimal oxygen and nutrient supply of neurons in case of disturbances of the cardiovascular system. Using the high temporal and spatial resolution of laser-speckle imaging we aimed to analyze the pattern of cerebrocortical blood flow (CoBF) changes after unilateral (left) carotid artery occlusion (CAO) in anesthetized mice to evaluate the contribution of macrovascular (circle of Willis) vs. pial collateral vessels as well as that of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to the cerebrovascular adaptation to CAO. In wild-type mice CoBF reduction in the left temporal cortex started immediately after CAO, reaching its maximum (-26%) at 5-10 s. Thereafter, CoBF recovered close to the preocclusion level within 30 s indicating the activation of feed-back pathway(s). Interestingly, the frontoparietal cerebrocortical regions also showed CoBF reduction in the left (-17-19%) but not in the right hemisphere, although these brain areas receive their blood supply from the common azygos anterior cerebral artery in mice. In eNOS-deficient animals the acute CoBF reduction after CAO was unaltered, and the recovery was even accelerated compared with controls. These results indicate that 1) the Willis circle alone is not sufficient to provide an immediate compensation for the loss of one carotid artery, 2) pial collaterals attenuate the ischemia of the temporal cortex ipsilateral to CAO at the expense of the blood supply of the frontoparietal region, and 3) eNOS, surprisingly, does not play an important role in this CoBF redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Polycarpou
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - László Hricisák
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - András Iring
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Safar
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Éva Ruisanchez
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Béla Horváth
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Péter Sándor
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and
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87
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Atchaneeyasakul K, Guada L, Ramdas K, Watanabe M, Bhattacharya P, Raval AP, Yavagal DR. Large animal canine endovascular ischemic stroke models: A review. Brain Res Bull 2016; 127:134-140. [PMID: 27496066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Recent exciting developments in the field with endovascular treatments have shown excellent outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Prior to translating these treatments to human populations, a large-animal ischemic stroke model is needed. With the advent of new technologies in digital subtraction angiography, less invasive endovascular stroke models have been developed. Canines have gyrencephalic brain similar to human brain and accessible neurovascular anatomy for stroke model creation. Canine stroke model can be widely utilized to understand the disease process of stroke and to develop novel treatment. Less invasive endovascular internal carotid emboli injection and coil embolization methods can be used to simulate transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Major restriction includes the extensive collateral circulation of canine cerebral arteries that can limit the stroke size. Transient internal carotid artery occlusion can decrease collateral circulation and increase stroke size to some degree. Additional method of manipulating the extent of collateral circulation needs to be studied. Other types of canine stroke models, including vertebral artery occlusion and basilar artery occlusion, can also be accomplished by endovascular thrombi injection. CONCLUSIONS We extensively review the literature on endovascular technique of creating canine ischemic stroke models and their application in finding new therapies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunakorn Atchaneeyasakul
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Luis Guada
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Kevin Ramdas
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Mitsuyoshi Watanabe
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Ami P Raval
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Neurology Department/Interventional Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States.
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88
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Linfante I, Cipolla MJ. Improving Reperfusion Therapies in the Era of Mechanical Thrombectomy. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:294-302. [PMID: 27221511 PMCID: PMC4929023 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent positive clinical trials using mechanical thrombectomy proved that endovascular recanalization is an effective treatment for patients with acute stroke secondary to large vessel occlusions. The trials offer definite evidence that in acute ischemia recanalization is a powerful predictor of good outcome. However, even in the era of rapid and effective recanalization using endovascular approaches, the percentage of patients with good outcomes varies between 33 and 71 %. In addition, the number of patients who are eligible for endovascular thrombectomy is small and usually based on having salvageable tissue on imaging. There is therefore room for improvement to both enhance the effectiveness of current practice and expand treatment to a larger subset of stroke patients. In this review, we highlight some of the most promising approaches to improve endovascular therapy by combining with strategies to enhance collateral perfusion and vascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Linfante
- Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute and Neuroscience Center, Baptist Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Ave.; HSRF 416A, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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89
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Okyere B, Giridhar K, Hazy A, Chen M, Keimig D, Bielitz RC, Xie H, He JQ, Huckle WR, Theus MH. Endothelial-Specific EphA4 Negatively Regulates Native Pial Collateral Formation and Re-Perfusion following Hindlimb Ischemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159930. [PMID: 27467069 PMCID: PMC4965112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal anastomoses play a critical role in regulating vascular re-perfusion following obstruction, however, the mechanisms regulating their development remains under investingation. Our current findings indicate that EphA4 receptor is a novel negative regulator of collaterogenesis. We demonstrate that EphA4 is highly expressed on pial arteriole collaterals at post-natal day (P) 1 and 7, then significantly reduced by P21. Endothelial cell (EC)-specific loss of EphA4, EphA4f/f/Tie2::Cre (KO), resulted in an increase in the density but not diameter of pial collaterals compared to WT mice. ECs isolated from KO mice displayed a 3-fold increase in proliferation, enhanced migration, tube formation and elevated levels of phospho(p)-Akt compared to WT ECs. Attenuating p-Akt, using LY294002, reduced the proliferative and migration effects in the KO ECs. RNAseq analysis also revealed altered expression patterns for genes that regulate cell proliferation, vascular development, extracellular matrix and immune-mediate responses, namely MCP-1, MMP2 and angiopoietin-1. Lastly, we show that induction of hindlimb ischemia resulted in accelerated re-perfusion, collateral remodeling and reduced tissue necrosis in the absence of EC-specific EphA4 compared to WT mice. These findings demonstrate a novel role for EphA4 in the early development of the pial collateral network and suggests a role in regulating vascular remodeling after obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Okyere
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Kaavya Giridhar
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Amanda Hazy
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Miao Chen
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - David Keimig
- Virginia BioComplexity Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 1015 Life Science Circle, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Bielitz
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Virginia BioComplexity Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 1015 Life Science Circle, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Jia-Qiang He
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - William R. Huckle
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Insititue and State University, 215 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States of America
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90
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Alves HCBR, Pacheco FT, Rocha AJ. Collateral blood vessels in acute ischemic stroke: a physiological window to predict future outcomes. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2016; 74:662-70. [PMID: 27224313 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20160050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Collateral circulation is a physiologic pathway that protects the brain against ischemic injury and can potentially bypass the effect of a blocked artery, thereby influencing ischemic lesion size and growth. Several recent stroke trials have provided information about the role of collaterals in stroke pathophysiology, and collateral perfusion has been recognized to influence arterial recanalization, reperfusion, hemorrhagic transformation, and neurological outcomes after stroke. Our current aim is to summarize the anatomy and physiology of the collateral circulation and to present and discuss a comprehensible review of the related knowledge, particularly the effects of collateral circulation on the time course of ischemic injury and stroke severity, as well as imaging findings and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Castelo Branco Rodrigues Alves
- Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Divisao de Neuroradiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil;,Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Divisao de Neuroradiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Felipe Torres Pacheco
- Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Divisao de Neuroradiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil;,Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Divisao de Neuroradiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil
| | - Antonio J Rocha
- Santa Casa de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Divisao de Neuroradiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil;,Fleury Medicina e Saúde, Divisao de Neuroradiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil
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91
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Roach BA, Donahue MJ, Davis LT, Faraco CC, Arteaga D, Chen SC, Ladner TR, Scott AO, Strother MK. Interrogating the Functional Correlates of Collateralization in Patients with Intracranial Stenosis Using Multimodal Hemodynamic Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1132-8. [PMID: 27056428 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The importance of collateralization for maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion is increasingly recognized. However, measuring collateral flow noninvasively has proved elusive. The aim of this study was to assess correlations among baseline perfusion and arterial transit time artifacts, cerebrovascular reactivity, and the presence of collateral vessels on digital subtraction angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relationship between the presence of collateral vessels on arterial spin-labeling MR imaging and DSA was compared with blood oxygen level-dependent MR imaging measures of hypercapnic cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis (n = 18). DSA maps were reviewed by a neuroradiologist and assigned the following scores: 1, collaterals to the periphery of the ischemic site; 2, complete irrigation of the ischemic bed via collateral flow; and 3, normal antegrade flow. Arterial spin-labeling maps were scored according to the following: 0, low signal; 1, moderate signal with arterial transit artifacts; 2, high signal with arterial transit artifacts; and 3, normal signal. RESULTS In regions with normal-to-high signal on arterial spin-labeling, collateral vessel presence on DSA strongly correlated with declines in cerebrovascular reactivity (as measured on blood oxygen level-dependent MR imaging, P < .001), most notably in patients with nonatherosclerotic disease. There was a trend toward increasing cerebrovascular reactivity with increases in the degree of collateralization on DSA (P = .082). CONCLUSIONS Collateral vessels may have fundamentally different vasoreactivity properties from healthy vessels, a finding that is observed most prominently in nonatherosclerotic disease and, to a lesser extent, in atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Roach
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.)
| | - M J Donahue
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.) Neurology (M.J.D.) Psychiatry (M.J.D.)
| | - L T Davis
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.)
| | - C C Faraco
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.)
| | - D Arteaga
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.)
| | - S-C Chen
- the Vanderbilt Center for Quantitative Sciences (S.-C.C.), Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - T R Ladner
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.)
| | - A O Scott
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.)
| | - M K Strother
- From the Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (B.A.R., M.J.D., L.T.D., C.C.F., D.A., T.R.L., A.O.S., M.K.S.)
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92
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Pham M, Bendszus M. Facing Time in Ischemic Stroke: An Alternative Hypothesis for Collateral Failure. Clin Neuroradiol 2016; 26:141-51. [PMID: 26952017 PMCID: PMC4914521 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-016-0507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several randomized-controlled trials could recently demonstrate that ischemic stroke which is caused by large-cerebral-artery-occlusion can be treated effectively by endovascular recanalization. Among these studies, particularly the data from the ESCAPE study further corroborated the strong association between macrovascular pial collateral flow (before recanalization) and clinical outcome after recanalization. This review briefly gives an overview on these data and on the clinical key observations demonstrating this association in practice. Since the ischemic penumbra can only be sustained by collateral flow, the collapse of collateral blood flow or poor collateral filling, observed for example by DSA or CTA before recanalization, seems to be a primary cause of rapidly progressive infarction and futile therapeutic recanalization. However, it needs to be emphasized that the true cause-effect relationship between collateral failure and rapidly progressive infarction of the penumbra, i.e. the high probability of unfavorable clinical outcome despite recanalization, remains unclear. Along this line, an alternative hypothesis is offered viewing the collapse of collateral flow not as a cause but possibly as an inevitable secondary consequence of increasing peripheral/microvascular resistance during progressive infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - M Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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93
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Quaegebeur A, Segura I, Schmieder R, Verdegem D, Decimo I, Bifari F, Dresselaers T, Eelen G, Ghosh D, Davidson SM, Schoors S, Broekaert D, Cruys B, Govaerts K, De Legher C, Bouché A, Schoonjans L, Ramer MS, Hung G, Bossaert G, Cleveland DW, Himmelreich U, Voets T, Lemmens R, Bennett CF, Robberecht W, De Bock K, Dewerchin M, Ghesquière B, Fendt SM, Carmeliet P. Deletion or Inhibition of the Oxygen Sensor PHD1 Protects against Ischemic Stroke via Reprogramming of Neuronal Metabolism. Cell Metab 2016; 23:280-91. [PMID: 26774962 PMCID: PMC4880550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) regulate cellular metabolism, but their role in neuronal metabolism during stroke is unknown. Here we report that PHD1 deficiency provides neuroprotection in a murine model of permanent brain ischemia. This was not due to an increased collateral vessel network. Instead, PHD1(-/-) neurons were protected against oxygen-nutrient deprivation by reprogramming glucose metabolism. Indeed, PHD1(-/-) neurons enhanced glucose flux through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway by diverting glucose away from glycolysis. As a result, PHD1(-/-) neurons increased their redox buffering capacity to scavenge oxygen radicals in ischemia. Intracerebroventricular injection of PHD1-antisense oligonucleotides reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits following stroke. These data identify PHD1 as a regulator of neuronal metabolism and a potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Quaegebeur
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inmaculada Segura
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberta Schmieder
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Verdegem
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Decimo
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Bifari
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Debapriva Ghosh
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP channel research platform Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sandra Schoors
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien Broekaert
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Cruys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristof Govaerts
- Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla De Legher
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Bouché
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Schoonjans
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matt S Ramer
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gene Hung
- Isis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Goele Bossaert
- Leuven Statistics Research Centre (LStat), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP channel research platform Leuven, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Lemmens
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurology (Department of Neurosciences) and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Robberecht
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Neurology (Department of Neurosciences) and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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94
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Chang SW, Huang YC, Lin LC, Yang JT, Weng HH, Tsai YH, Lee TH. Effect of dehydration on the development of collaterals in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:494-500. [PMID: 26801969 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent large series studies have demonstrated that dehydration is common amongst stroke subjects and is associated with poor outcome. However, the effects of hydration status on the development of collaterals have never been discussed. In this study, the hypothesis that hydration status is an important factor for developing collaterals after acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction was tested. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with acute infarction due to occlusion of the MCA were enrolled. Two collateral markers, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) laterality and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense vessels (HVs) were assessed from magnetic resonance imaging. Dehydration status was defined by a nitrogen to creatinine ratio ≧ of 15. The associations between dehydration status and the development of collaterals were estimated. RESULTS Sixty-one of 87 patients (70.1%) were identified as dehydrated. The development of PCA laterality and HVs shows a significant difference between dehydrated and euhydrated patients. A serum nitrogen to creatinine ratio <15, diastolic blood pressure and the presence of a dense MCA on computed tomography were significantly associated with the development of PCA laterality. A serum nitrogen to creatinine ratio <15, the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, the presence of a dense MCA and calcifications of the internal carotid artery on computed tomography were significantly associated with the development of HVs. Dehydration remained an independent negative predictor for the development of PCA laterality and HVs in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Hydration status is associated with the development of collateral flow after acute MCA occlusion. This preliminary study provides an imaging clue that hydration status and early hydration therapy could be important for acute stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - L-C Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - J-T Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H-H Weng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Tsai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - T-H Lee
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Medical Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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95
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Beard DJ, Murtha LA, McLeod DD, Spratt NJ. Intracranial Pressure and Collateral Blood Flow. Stroke 2016; 47:1695-700. [PMID: 26786117 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Beard
- From the School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (D.J.B., L.A.M., D.D.M., N.J.S.); and Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (N.J.S.)
| | - Lucy A Murtha
- From the School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (D.J.B., L.A.M., D.D.M., N.J.S.); and Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (N.J.S.)
| | - Damian D McLeod
- From the School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (D.J.B., L.A.M., D.D.M., N.J.S.); and Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (N.J.S.)
| | - Neil J Spratt
- From the School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (D.J.B., L.A.M., D.D.M., N.J.S.); and Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia (N.J.S.).
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96
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Winship IR. Cerebral collaterals and collateral therapeutics for acute ischemic stroke. Microcirculation 2015; 22:228-36. [PMID: 25351102 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral collaterals are vascular redundancies in the cerebral circulation that can partially maintain blood flow to ischemic tissue when primary conduits are blocked. After occlusion of a cerebral artery, anastomoses connecting the distal segments of the MCA with distal branches of the ACA and PCA (known as leptomeningeal or pial collaterals) allow for partially maintained blood flow in the ischemic penumbra and delay or prevent cell death. However, collateral circulation varies dramatically between individuals, and collateral extent is significant predictor of stroke severity and recanalization rate. Collateral therapeutics attempt to harness these vascular redundancies by enhancing blood flow through pial collaterals to reduce ischemia and brain damage after cerebral arterial occlusion. While therapies to enhance collateral flow remain relatively nascent neuroprotective strategies, experimental therapies including inhaled NO, transient suprarenal aortic occlusion, and electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic sphenopalatine ganglion show promise as collateral therapeutics with the potential to improve treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Winship
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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97
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Tong E, Komlosi P, Wintermark M. One-stop-shop stroke imaging with functional CT. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:2425-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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98
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Spacek M, Stechovsky C, Horvath M, Hajek P, Veselka J. Predicting Hemodynamic Changes of Cerebral Blood Flow during Temporal Carotid Occlusion: A Review of Current Knowledge with Implication for Carotid Artery Stenting. Int J Angiol 2015; 24:210-4. [PMID: 26417190 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery disease (CAD) plays an important role in the stroke development and its prevalence increases with aging of the population. Its wide variability of clinical manifestation ranges from incidental asymptomatic finding to devastating or fatal stroke, although cerebral collateral circulation is considered one of the major modifying factors. Over time, carotid artery stenting (CAS) has evolved into a reputable method for the treatment of patients with severe CAD. With expanding use of proximal protection systems resembling surgical clamp, there is an increasing demand to understand collateral cerebral circulation to protect patients from periprocedural hypoperfusion, which increases the risk of cerebral events. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) is a useful tool allowing monitoring in real time during procedure patient́s cerebral hemodynamic status providing the operator with valuable information. Its role in predicting periprocedural hypoperfusion is, however, less well established. In this article, we discuss the role of cerebral collateral circulation, summarize the current knowledge regarding its evaluation with TCD and suggest future implications for CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Spacek
- Department of Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Stechovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horvath
- Department of Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hajek
- Department of Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Veselka
- Department of Cardiology, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Medical School, Charles University, V Úvalu, Prague, Czech Republic
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99
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Evidence for an enduring ischaemic penumbra following central retinal artery occlusion, with implications for fibrinolytic therapy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 49:82-119. [PMID: 26113210 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rationale behind hyperacute fibrinolytic therapy for cerebral and retinal arterial occlusion is to rescue ischaemic cells from irreversible damage through timely restitution of tissue perfusion. In cerebral stroke, an anoxic tissue compartment (the "infarct core") is surrounded by a hypoxic compartment (the "ischaemic penumbra"). The latter comprises electrically-silent neurons that undergo delayed apoptotic cell death within 1-6 h unless salvaged by arterial recanalisation. Establishment of an equivalent hypoxic compartment within the inner retina following central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) isn't widely acknowledged. During experimental CRAO, electroretinography reveals 3 oxygenation-based tissue compartments (anoxic, hypoxic and normoxic) that contribute 32%, 27% and 41% respectively to the pre-occlusion b-wave amplitude. Thus, once the anoxia survival time (≈2 h) expires, the contribution from the infarcted posterior retina is irreversibly extinguished, but electrical activity continues in the normoxic periphery. Inbetween these compartments, an annular hypoxic zone (the "penumbra obscura") endures in a structurally-intact but functionally-impaired state until retinal reperfusion allows rapid recovery from electrical silence. Clinically, residual circulation of sufficient volume flow rate generates the heterogeneous fundus picture of "partial" CRAO. Persistent retinal venous hypoxaemia signifies maximal extraction of oxygen by an enduring "polar penumbra" that permeates or largely replaces the infarct core. On retinal reperfusion some days later, the retinal venous oxygen saturation reverts to normal and vision improves. Thus, penumbral inner retina, marginally oxygenated by the choroid or by residual circulation, isn't at risk of delayed apoptotic infarction (unlike hypoxic cerebral cortex). Emergency fibrinolytic intervention is inappropriate, therefore, once the duration of CRAO exceeds 2 h.
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100
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Förster A, Mürle B, Kerl HU, Wenz H, Al-Zghloul M, Habich S, Groden C. Sparing of the hippocampus indicates better collateral blood flow in acute posterior cerebral artery occlusion. Int J Stroke 2015; 10:1287-93. [PMID: 26045188 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In acute posterior cerebral artery, occlusion involvement of the hippocampus is a common finding. Nevertheless, until today, infarction and ischemic lesion evolution in the hippocampus has not been studied systematically. AIM Evaluation of hippocampal infarction patterns in posterior cerebral artery occlusion in the very early phase (≤six-hours) and ischemic lesion evolution on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging in relation to collateral blood flow assessed by a magnetic resonance imaging-based approach was conducted. METHODS In 28 patients [mean age 69·4 ± 13·8 years, 19 (67·9%) males, 10 (32·1%) females] with proximal posterior cerebral artery occlusion, magnetic resonance imaging findings were analyzed, with emphasis on hippocampal infarction patterns on diffusion-weighted images and collateralization on dynamic 4D angiograms derived from perfusion-weighted raw images. RESULTS On initial diffusion-weighted images, we identified all known hippocampal infarction patterns: type 1 (complete) in 6/18 (33·3%) patients, type 2 (lateral) in 10/18 (55·6%) patients, and type 3 (dorsal) and type 4 (circumscribed) in 1/18 (5·6%) patient respectively. On dynamic 4D angiograms, the grade of collateralization was classified as 1 in 9 (32·1%), 2 in 1 (3·6%), 3 in 10 (35·7%), and 4 in 8 (28·6%) patients. On follow-up diffusion-weighted images, we found new ischemic lesions in three and infarction growth in the hippocampus in five patients. Patients with better collateralization (grades 3 and 4) less often had hippocampal infarctions on initial (P = 0·003)/follow-up diffusion-weighted images (P = 0·046) as well as type 1 on initial (P = 0·007)/follow-up diffusion-weighted images (P = 0·005). CONCLUSIONS Involvement of the hippocampus in proximal posterior cerebral artery occlusion is frequently but not obligatorily observed and highly dependent on the extent of collateralization. The same holds true for hippocampal infarction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Förster
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Mürle
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans U Kerl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Wenz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Al-Zghloul
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonia Habich
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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