51
|
FABP3 as Biomarker of Heart Pathology. BIOMARKERS IN DISEASE: METHODS, DISCOVERIES AND APPLICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7696-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
52
|
Hamburg NM, Leeper NJ. Therapeutic Potential of Modulating MicroRNA in Peripheral Artery Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2015; 13:316-23. [PMID: 23713861 PMCID: PMC4886469 DOI: 10.2174/15701611113119990014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) produces significant disability attributable to lower extremity ischemia. Limited treatment modalities exist to ameliorate clinical symptoms in patients with PAD. Growing evidence links microRNAs to key processes that govern disease expression in PAD including angiogenesis, endothelial function, inflammation, vascular regeneration, vascular smooth muscle cell function, restenosis, and mitochondrial function. MicroRNAs have been identified in circulation and may serve as novel biomarkers in PAD. This article reviews the potential contribution of microRNA to key pathways of disease development in PAD that may lead to microRNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Hamburg
- Section of Cardiology, Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton St., Boston, MA, 02118.
| | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Bienertova-Vasku J, Novak J, Vasku A. MicroRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 9:221-34. [PMID: 25660363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and increasingly prevalent disease, manifested by the maladaptation of pulmonary vasculature, which consequently leads to right heart failure and possibly even death. The development of PAH is characterized by specific functional as well as structural changes, primarily associated with the aberrant function of the pulmonary artery endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and vascular fibroblasts. MicroRNAs constitute a class of small ≈22-nucleotides-long non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and that may lead to significant cell proteome changes. While the involvement of miRNAs in the development of various diseases--especially cancer--has been reported, numerous miRNAs have also been associated with PAH onset, progression, or treatment responsiveness. This review focuses on the role of microRNAs in the development of PAH as well as on their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in both experimental PAH models and in humans. Special attention is given to the roles of miR-21, miR-27a, the miR-17-92 cluster, miR-124, miR-138, the miR-143/145 cluster, miR-150, miR-190, miR-204, miR-206, miR-210, miR-328, and the miR-424/503 cluster, specifically with the objective of providing greater insight into the pervasive roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of this deadly condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vasku
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the most prevalent cause of human morbidity and mortality in ageing Western societies. Basic and translational scientific efforts have focused on the development and improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to limit the burden of associated diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, and diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Progress in molecular medicine and biology has unravelled a complex epigenetic and post-transcriptional gene-regulating machinery in humans which may limit disease development. An increasing number of attractive molecular strategies, which use the potential of modulating noncoding RNAs, have surfaced over the last decade. Currently, the most extensively studied gene-regulating RNA subspecies are microRNAs, which have been shown to adjust the translational output of coding transcripts by enforcing their degradation and inhibiting their translation into protein. Key findings indicate that microRNAs act as crucial regulators in the majority of human pathologies. Thus, recent research has focused on detecting and modulating microRNAs for therapeutic and biomarker purposes. This review focuses on main and repeated discoveries regarding the role and the therapeutic and biomarker feasibility of microRNAs during cardiovascular disease development and exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
A genetic variant of miR-148a binding site in the SCRN1 3'-UTR is associated with susceptibility and prognosis of gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7080. [PMID: 25399950 PMCID: PMC5382666 DOI: 10.1038/srep07080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′-untranslated regions targeted by putative mircoRNA can change its binding strength, affecting the susceptibility and prognosis of cancer. We aimed to investigate the associations between SNPs within miR-148a binding sites and gastric cancer (GC) risk and prognosis. Using bioinformatics tools, we selected two SNPs (SCRN1 rs6976789 and PDYN rs2235749) located in miR-148a target sites. We genotyped the two SNPs in a case-control study comprising 753 GC patients and 949 cancer-free subjects. We found a significantly increased risk of GC associated with the SCRN1 rs6976789 C>T polymorphism [adjusted OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02–1.53; CT/TT vs. CC]. However, no significant association was found between the PDYN rs2235749 and GC risk in all genetic models. Furthermore, we evaluated whether SCRN1 rs6976789 affected the survival of GC patients. Results showed that individuals with SCRN1 rs6976789 TT genotype had poorer overall survival compared with those carried CC/CT genotypes in intestinal-type GC (adjusted HR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.21–5.05). Luciferase report assay showed that the rs6976789 variant T allele influenced the binding ability of miR-148a. Our results suggested that the SCRN1 rs6976789 polymorphism may play an important role in the GC development and progression.
Collapse
|
56
|
Identification of serum microRNA signatures for diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury in a closed head injury model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112019. [PMID: 25379886 PMCID: PMC4224512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have highlighted the problems of diagnosis and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). MTBI is a heterogeneous injury that may lead to the development of neurological and behavioral disorders. In the absence of specific diagnostic markers, mTBI is often unnoticed or misdiagnosed. In this study, mice were induced with increasing levels of mTBI and microRNA (miRNA) changes in the serum were determined. MTBI was induced by varying weight and fall height of the impactor rod resulting in four different severity grades of the mTBI. Injuries were characterized as mild by assessing with the neurobehavioral severity scale-revised (NSS-R) at day 1 post injury. Open field locomotion and acoustic startle response showed behavioral and sensory motor deficits in 3 of the 4 injury groups at day 1 post injury. All of the animals recovered after day 1 with no significant neurobehavioral alteration by day 30 post injury. Serum microRNA (miRNA) profiles clearly differentiated injured from uninjured animals. Overall, the number of miRNAs that were significantly modulated in injured animals over the sham controls increased with the severity of the injury. Thirteen miRNAs were found to identify mTBI regardless of its severity within the mild spectrum of injury. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the more severe brain injuries were associated with a greater number of miRNAs involved in brain related functions. The evaluation of serum miRNA may help to identify the severity of brain injury and the risk of developing adverse effects after TBI.
Collapse
|
57
|
Abstract
Diseases and death caused by exposure to tobacco smoke have become the single most serious preventable public health concern. Thus, biomarkers that can monitor tobacco exposure and health effects can play a critical role in tobacco product regulation and public health policy. Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco toxicants are well established and have been used in population studies to establish public policy regarding exposure to second-hand smoke, an example being the nicotine metabolite cotinine, which can be measured in urine. Biomarkers of biological response to tobacco smoking range from those indicative of inflammation to mRNA and microRNA patterns related to tobacco use and/or disease state. Biomarkers identifying individuals with an increased risk for a pathological response to tobacco have also been described. The challenge for any novel technology or biomarker is its translation to clinical and/or regulatory application, a process that requires first technical validation of the assay and then careful consideration of the context the biomarker assay may be used in the regulatory setting. Nonetheless, the current efforts to investigate new biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure promise to offer powerful new tools in addressing the health hazards of tobacco product use. This review will examine such biomarkers, albeit with a focus on those related to cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Orr
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Richter
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Mangge H, Almer G, Stelzer I, Reininghaus E, Prassl R. Laboratory medicine for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
59
|
Stawicki SP, Stoltzfus JC, Aggarwal P, Bhoi S, Bhatt S, Kalra OP, Bhalla A, Hoey BA, Galwankar SC, Paladino L, Papadimos TJ. Academic College of Emergency Experts in India's INDO-US Joint Working Group and OPUS12 Foundation Consensus Statement on Creating A Coordinated, Multi-Disciplinary, Patient-Centered, Global Point-of-Care Biomarker Discovery Network. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2014; 4:200-8. [PMID: 25337481 PMCID: PMC4200545 DOI: 10.4103/2229-5151.141398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker science brings great promise to clinical medicine. This is especially true in the era of technology miniaturization, rapid dissemination of knowledge, and point-of-care (POC) implementation of novel diagnostics. Despite this tremendous progress, the journey from a candidate biomarker to a scientifically validated biomarker continues to be an arduous one. In addition to substantial financial resources, biomarker research requires considerable expertise and a multidisciplinary approach. Investigational designs must also be taken into account, with the randomized controlled trial remaining the “gold standard”. The authors present a condensed overview of biomarker science and associated investigational methods, followed by specific examples from clinical areas where biomarker development and/or implementation resulted in tangible enhancements in patient care. This manuscript also serves as a call to arms for the establishment of a truly global, well-coordinated infrastructure dedicated to biomarker research and development, with focus on delivery of the latest discoveries directly to the patient via point-of-care technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw P Stawicki
- Department of Research and Innovation, Research Institute, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania ; Department of Research and Innovation, OPUS 12 Foundation Global, Columbus, USA
| | - Jill C Stoltzfus
- Department of Research and Innovation, Research Institute, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania ; Department of Research and Innovation, Research Institute, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Praveen Aggarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Bhoi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Bhatt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toledo, College of Medicine, Toledo, USA
| | - O P Kalra
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Bhalla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Brian A Hoey
- Department of Research and Innovation, OPUS 12 Foundation Global, Columbus, USA ; Department of Surgery, St Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Sagar C Galwankar
- Department of Research and Innovation, OPUS 12 Foundation Global, Columbus, USA ; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida and Winter Haven Hospital, Florida, USA
| | - Lorenzo Paladino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Long Island College Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Papadimos
- Department of Research and Innovation, OPUS 12 Foundation Global, Columbus, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Distinct miRNA signatures associate with subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma from infection with the tumourigenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. J Hepatol 2014; 61:850-8. [PMID: 25017828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a significant public health problem in East Asia, where it is strongly associated with chronic infection by the food-borne parasite Opisthorchis viverrini (OV). We report the first comprehensive miRNA expression profiling by microarray of the most common histologic grades and subtypes of ICC: well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and papillary ICC. METHODS MicroRNA expression profiles from FFPE were compared among the following: ICC tumour tissue (n = 16), non-tumour tissue distally macrodissected from the same ICC tumour block (n = 15), and normal tissue (n = 13) from individuals undergoing gastric bypass surgery. A panel of deregulated miRNAs was validated by qPCR. RESULTS Each histologic grade and subtype of ICC displayed a distinct miRNA profile, with no cohort of miRNAs emerging as commonly deregulated. Moderately differentiated ICC showed the greatest miRNA deregulation in quantity and magnitude, followed by the papillary subtype, and then well differentiated ICC. Moreover, when ICC tumour tissues were compared to adjacent non-tumour tissue, similar miRNA dysregulation profiles were observed. CONCLUSIONS We show that common histologic grades and subtypes of ICC have distinct miRNA profiles. As histological grade and subtypes are associated with ICC aggressiveness, these profiles could be used to enhance the early detection and improve the personalised treatment for ICC. These findings also suggest the involvement of specific miRNAs during ICC tumour progression and differentiation. We plan to use these insights to (a) detect these profiles in circulation and (b) conduct functional analyses to decipher the roles of miRNAs in ICC tumour differentiation.
Collapse
|
61
|
Peng J, Feng Y, Rinaldi G, Yonglitthipagon P, Easley SE, Laha T, Pairojkul C, Bhudhisawasdi V, Sripa B, Brindley PJ, Mulvenna JP, Bethony JM, Plieskatt JL. The miRNAome of Opisthorchis viverrini induced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. GENOMICS DATA 2014; 2:274-9. [PMID: 26484108 PMCID: PMC4535865 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive cancer, arising in the biliary ducts that extend into the liver. The highest incidence of ICC occurs in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Mekong River Basin countries of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, where it is strongly associated with chronic infection by the food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), one of only three eukaryote pathogens considered Group one carcinogens. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, with a poor prognosis and survival often less than 24 months. Hence, biomarkers that enable the early detection of ICC would be desirable and have a potentially important impact on the public health in the resource-poor regions where this cancer is most prevalent. As microRNAs (miRNAs) remain well preserved after formalin fixation, there is much interest in developing them as biomarkers that can be investigated using tumor biopsy samples preserved in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor blocks. Recently, we reported the first comprehensive profiling of tissue-based miRNA expression using FFPE from the three most common subtypes of OV-induced ICC tumors: moderately differentiated ICC, papillary ICC, and well-differentiated ICC. We observed that each subtype of OV-induced ICC exhibited a distinct miRNA profile, which suggested the involvement of specific sets of miRNAs in the progression of this cancer. In addition, non-tumor tissue adjacent to ICC tumor tissue on the same FFPE block shared a similar miRNA dysregulation profile with the tumor tissue than with normal (non-tumor) liver tissue (individuals without ICC or OV infection). Herein, we provide a detailed description of the microarray analysis procedures used to derive these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA ; Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Yanjun Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA ; Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA ; Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | | | - Samantha E Easley
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Therawach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University School of Medicine, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | - Banchob Sripa
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA ; Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jason P Mulvenna
- Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia ; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA ; Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jordan L Plieskatt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA ; Research Center for the Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Abstract
The last years have witnessed tremendous technical advances in the field of transcriptomics that enable the simultaneous assessment of nearly all transcripts expressed in a tissue at a given time. These advances harbor the potential to gain a better understanding of the complex biological systems and for the identification and development of novel biomarkers. This article will review the current knowledge of transcriptomics biomarkers in the cardiovascular field and will provide an overview about the promises and challenges of the transcriptomics approach for biomarker identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marten Antoon Siemelink
- />Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaanes 100 Room G02.523, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Zeller
- />Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- />German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel Partner Site, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Schubert S, Weyrich AS, Rowley JW. A tour through the transcriptional landscape of platelets. Blood 2014; 124:493-502. [PMID: 24904119 PMCID: PMC4110657 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-512756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA code found within a platelet and alterations of that code continue to shed light onto the mechanistic underpinnings of platelet function and dysfunction. It is now known that features of messenger RNA (mRNA) in platelets mirror those of nucleated cells. This review serves as a tour guide for readers interested in developing a greater understanding of platelet mRNA. The tour provides an in-depth and interactive examination of platelet mRNA, especially in the context of next-generation RNA sequencing. At the end of the expedition, the reader will have a better grasp of the topography of platelet mRNA and how it impacts platelet function in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- The Molecular Medicine Program and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Cuello F, Shankar-Hari M, Mayr U, Yin X, Marshall M, Suna G, Willeit P, Langley SR, Jayawardhana T, Zeller T, Terblanche M, Shah AM, Mayr M. Redox state of pentraxin 3 as a novel biomarker for resolution of inflammation and survival in sepsis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2545-57. [PMID: 24958171 PMCID: PMC4188985 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.039446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In an endotoxaemic mouse model of sepsis, a tissue-based proteomics approach for biomarker discovery identified long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as the lead candidate for inflamed myocardium. When the redox-sensitive oligomerization state of PTX3 was further investigated, PTX3 accumulated as an octamer as a result of disulfide-bond formation in heart, kidney, and lung—common organ dysfunctions seen in patients with sepsis. Oligomeric moieties of PTX3 were also detectable in circulation. The oligomerization state of PTX3 was quantified over the first 11 days in critically ill adult patients with sepsis. On admission day, there was no difference in the oligomerization state of PTX3 between survivors and non-survivors. From day 2 onward, the conversion of octameric to monomeric PTX3 was consistently associated with a greater survival after 28 days of follow-up. For example, by day 2 post-admission, octameric PTX3 was barely detectable in survivors, but it still constituted more than half of the total PTX3 in non-survivors (p < 0.001). Monomeric PTX3 was inversely associated with cardiac damage markers NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity troponin I and T. Relative to the conventional measurements of total PTX3 or NT-proBNP, the oligomerization of PTX3 was a superior predictor of disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Cuello
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK; §Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246 Germany; ¶DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- ‖Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH UK; **Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ursula Mayr
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Melanie Marshall
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Gonca Suna
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Peter Willeit
- ‡‡Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; §§Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Sarah R Langley
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Tamani Jayawardhana
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Tanja Zeller
- ¶¶Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Centre Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Marius Terblanche
- ‖Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the ‡King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Muñoz-Culla M, Irizar H, Castillo-Triviño T, Sáenz-Cuesta M, Sepúlveda L, Lopetegi I, López de Munain A, Olascoaga J, Baranzini SE, Otaegui D. Blood miRNA expression pattern is a possible risk marker for natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1851-9. [PMID: 24852919 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514534513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab has shown its efficacy in reducing multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses and progression of disability; however, it has been associated with an increased risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The differential expression of microRNA (miRNA), the small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, in natalizumab-treated patients has been reported and miRNA have also been described as good candidates for disease biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To characterize the effect of natalizumab therapy on the miRNA expression pattern and to search for miRNAs that can predict PML on an individual basis. METHODS The expression of 754 microRNAs was measured in blood samples from 19 relapsing-remitting MS patients at three time points during natalizumab therapy, using TaqMan OpenArray panels. Two patients included in this study developed PML after more than 2 years of therapy. RESULTS We found that the expression level of three miRNAs (let-7c, miR-125a-5p and miR-642) was affected after 6 months of therapy (t6). Furthermore, we observed a differential expression of another three miRNAs (miR-320, miR-320b and miR-629) between the PML and non-PML groups after 12 months of treatment (t12); and a positive correlation was found between therapy time and the expression of miR-320. CONCLUSIONS Natalizumab modified the expression levels of three miRNAs after a 6-month treatment. We suggest miR-320, miR-320b and miR-629 as possible biomarkers for individual PML risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Muñoz-Culla
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, SpainSpanish network on Multiple Sclerosis
| | - H Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, SpainSpanish network on Multiple Sclerosis
| | - T Castillo-Triviño
- Spanish network on Multiple SclerosisBiodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain/Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Sáenz-Cuesta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, SpainSpanish network on Multiple Sclerosis
| | - L Sepúlveda
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, SpainSpanish network on Multiple Sclerosis
| | - I Lopetegi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A López de Munain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain/Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain/University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), San Sebastián, Spain/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)
| | - J Olascoaga
- Spanish network on Multiple SclerosisBiodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain/Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - D Otaegui
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, SpainSpanish network on Multiple Sclerosis
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Ruggeri B, Sarkans U, Schumann G, Persico AM. Biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: the old and the new. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1201-16. [PMID: 24096533 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with onset during early childhood and typically a life-long course. The majority of ASD cases stems from complex, 'multiple-hit', oligogenic/polygenic underpinnings involving several loci and possibly gene-environment interactions. These multiple layers of complexity spur interest into the identification of biomarkers able to define biologically homogeneous subgroups, predict autism risk prior to the onset of behavioural abnormalities, aid early diagnoses, predict the developmental trajectory of ASD children, predict response to treatment and identify children at risk for severe adverse reactions to psychoactive drugs. OBJECTIVES The present paper reviews (a) similarities and differences between the concepts of 'biomarker' and 'endophenotype', (b) established biomarkers and endophenotypes in autism research (biochemical, morphological, hormonal, immunological, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical, neuropsychological, behavioural), (c) -omics approaches towards the discovery of novel biomarker panels for ASD, (d) bioresource infrastructures and (e) data management for biomarker research in autism. RESULTS Known biomarkers, such as abnormal blood levels of serotonin, oxytocin, melatonin, immune cytokines and lymphocyte subtypes, multiple neuropsychological, electrophysiological and brain imaging parameters, will eventually merge with novel biomarkers identified using unbiased genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic methods, to generate multimarker panels. Bioresource infrastructures, data management and data analysis using artificial intelligence networks will be instrumental in supporting efforts to identify these biomarker panels. CONCLUSIONS Biomarker research has great heuristic potential in targeting autism diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruggeri
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Condorelli G, Latronico MVG, Cavarretta E. microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases: current knowledge and the road ahead. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2177-87. [PMID: 24583309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the field of microribonucleic acid (miRNA) in cardiovascular biology and disease has expanded at an incredible pace. miRNAs are themselves part of a larger family, that of non-coding RNAs, the importance of which for biological processes is starting to emerge. miRNAs are ~22-nucleotide-long RNA sequences that can legate messenger (m)RNAs at partially complementary binding sites, and hence regulate the rate of protein synthesis by altering the stability of the targeted mRNAs. In the cardiovascular system, miRNAs have been shown to be critical regulators of development and physiology. They control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system (such as endothelial cells, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts) and, thus, are directly involved in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases. As a result of their role in disease, they are being studied for exploitation in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. However, there are still significant obstacles that need to be overcome before they enter the clinical arena. We present here a review of the literature and outline the directions toward their use in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Condorelli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Rozzano, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Latina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Ortega FJ, Mercader JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Rovira O, Guerra E, Esteve E, Xifra G, Martínez C, Ricart W, Rieusset J, Rome S, Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Straczkowski M, Fernández-Real JM. Profiling of circulating microRNAs reveals common microRNAs linked to type 2 diabetes that change with insulin sensitization. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1375-83. [PMID: 24478399 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to identify the profile of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its response to changes in insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The circulating miRNA profile was assessed in a pilot study of 12 men: 6 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 6 T2D patients. The association of 10 circulating miRNAs with T2D was cross-sectionally validated in an extended sample of 45 NGT vs. 48 T2D subjects (65 nonobese and 28 obese men) and longitudinally in 35 T2D patients who were recruited in a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled 3-month trial of metformin treatment. Circulating miRNAs were also measured in seven healthy volunteers before and after a 6-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and insulin plus intralipid/heparin infusion. RESULTS Cross-sectional studies disclosed a marked increase of miR-140-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-222 and decreased miR-423-5p, miR-125b, miR-192, miR-195, miR-130b, miR-532-5p, and miR-126 in T2D patients. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that miR-140-5p and miR-423-5p contributed independently to explain 49.5% (P < 0.0001) of fasting glucose variance after controlling for confounders. A discriminant function of four miRNAs (miR-140-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-195, and miR-126) was specific for T2D with an accuracy of 89.2% (P < 0.0001). Metformin (but not placebo) led to significant changes in circulating miR-192 (49.5%; P = 0.022), miR-140-5p (-15.8%; P = 0.004), and miR-222 (-47.2%; P = 0.03), in parallel to decreased fasting glucose and HbA1c. Furthermore, while insulin infusion during clamp decreased miR-222 (-62%; P = 0.002), the intralipid/heparin mixture increased circulating miR-222 (163%; P = 0.015) and miR-140-5p (67.5%; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study depicts the close association between variations in circulating miRNAs and T2D and their potential relevance in insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
|
69
|
Genetic, epigenetic and stem cell alterations in endometriosis: new insights and potential therapeutic perspectives. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 126:123-38. [PMID: 24059589 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue, undergoing periodic growth and regression at each menstrual cycle. Endometriosis is a frequent chronic pathological status characterized by endometrial tissue with an ectopic localization, causing pelvic pain and infertility and a variable clinical presentation. In addition, there is well-established evidence that, although endometriosis is considered benign, it is associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation in approximately 1.0% of affected women, with the involvement of multiple pathways of development. Increasing evidence supports a key contribution of different stem/progenitor cell populations not only in the cyclic regeneration of eutopic endometrium, but also in the pathogenesis of at least some types of endometriosis. Evidence has arisen from experiments in animal models of disease through different kinds of assays (including clonogenicity, the label-retaining cell approach, the analysis of undifferentiation markers), as well as from descriptive studies on ectopic and eutopic tissue samples harvested from affected women. Changes in stem cell populations in endometriotic lesions are associated with genetic and epigenetic alterations, including imbalance of miRNA expression, histone and DNA modifications and chromosomal aberrations. The present short review mainly summarizes the latest observations contributing to the current knowledge regarding the presence and the potential contribution of stem/progenitor cells in eutopic endometrium and the aetiology of endometriosis, together with a report of the most recently identified genetic and epigenetic alterations in endometriosis. We also describe the potential advantages of single cell molecular profiling in endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. All these data can have clinical implications and provide a basis for new potential therapeutic applications.
Collapse
|
70
|
Li J, Xu J, Cheng Y, Wang F, Song Y, Xiao J. Circulating microRNAs as mirrors of acute coronary syndromes: MiRacle or quagMire? J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:1363-70. [PMID: 24188699 PMCID: PMC4117549 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is among the most serious cardiovascular diseases. Exploring novel approaches, which can complement and improve current strategies for ACS, is continuous. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small, short non-coding RNA that post-transcriptionally regulate genes. The tissue- or cell-specific distribution features of miRNAs and its merit of stably existing in serum and plasma make them attractive biomarkers for ACS. An early and accurate diagnosis is the pre-requisite to facilitate rapid decision making and treatment and therefore improve outcome in ACS patients. This review highlights and summarizes recent studies using circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for ACS including its role in diagnosis, prediction, prognosis and reaction to therapy. In addition, we also discuss the potential function of miRNAs as extracellular communicators in cell-to-cell communication. Large multicentre studies are highly needed to pave the road for using circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for ACS from the bench to the bedside. Considering the advantageous properties and the continuously increasing number of studies, circulating miRNAs definitely have the potential to be reasonable diagnostic tools once their infancy has passed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Regeneration Lab, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Experimental Center of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zawada AM, Rogacev KS, Müller S, Rotter B, Winter P, Fliser D, Heine GH. Massive analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) and miRNA expression profiling identifies proatherogenic pathways in chronic kidney disease. Epigenetics 2013; 9:161-72. [PMID: 24184689 PMCID: PMC3928179 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation contributes to the high cardiovascular disease burden in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are central epigenetic regulators, which substantially affect the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), no data on miRNA dysregulation in CKD-associated CVD are available until now. We now performed high-throughput miRNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ten clinically stable hemodialysis (HD) patients and ten healthy controls, which allowed us to identify 182 differentially expressed miRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-26b, miR-146b, miR-155). To test biological relevance, we aimed to connect miRNA dysregulation to differential gene expression. Genome-wide gene expression profiling by MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends) identified 80 genes to be differentially expressed between HD patients and controls, which could be linked to cardiovascular disease (e.g., KLF6, DUSP6, KLF4), to infection / immune disease (e.g., ZFP36, SOCS3, JUND), and to distinct proatherogenic pathways such as the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (e.g., IL1B, MYD88, TICAM2), the MAPK signaling pathway (e.g., DUSP1, FOS, HSPA1A), and the chemokine signaling pathway (e.g., RHOA, PAK1, CXCL5). Formal interaction network analysis proved biological relevance of miRNA dysregulation, as 68 differentially expressed miRNAs could be connected to 47 reciprocally expressed target genes. Our study is the first comprehensive miRNA analysis in CKD that links dysregulated miRNA expression with differential expression of genes connected to inflammation and CVD. After recent animal data suggested that targeting miRNAs is beneficial in experimental CVD, our data may now spur further research in the field of CKD-associated human CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Zawada
- Department of Internal Medicine IV; Saarland University Medical Center; Homburg, Germany
| | - Kyrill S Rogacev
- Department of Internal Medicine IV; Saarland University Medical Center; Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören Müller
- GenXPro GmbH; Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Molecular BioSciences; Biocenter; Johann Wolfgang Goethe University; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV; Saarland University Medical Center; Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar H Heine
- Department of Internal Medicine IV; Saarland University Medical Center; Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Castaldo G, Scorza M, Elce A, Giordano S, Liguori R, Guerra G. Omics in laboratory medicine. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26 Suppl 2:13-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.829694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
73
|
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, UK; and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kaudewitz D, Lee R, Willeit P, McGregor R, Markus HS, Kiechl S, Zampetaki A, Storey RF, Channon KM, Mayr M. Impact of intravenous heparin on quantification of circulating microRNAs in patients with coronary artery disease. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:609-15. [PMID: 23803974 DOI: 10.1160/th13-05-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are detectable in plasma and serum. Circulating levels of microRNAs have been measured in various studies related to cardiovascular disease. Heparin is a potential confounder of microRNA measurements due to its known interference with polymerase chain reactions. In this study, platelet-poor plasma was obtained from patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation for diagnostic coronary angiography, or for percutaneous coronary intervention, both before and after heparin administration. Heparin had pronounced effects on the assessment of the exogenous C. elegans spike-in control (decrease by approx. 3 cycles), which disappeared 6 hours after the heparin bolus. Measurements of endogenous microRNAs were less sensitive to heparin medication. Normalisation of individual microRNAs with the average cycle threshold value of all microRNAs provided a suitable alternative to normalisation with exogenous C. elegans spike-in control in this setting. Thus, both the timing of blood sampling relative to heparin dosing and the normalisation procedure are critical for reliable microRNA measurements in patients receiving intravenous heparin. This has to be taken into account when designing studies to investigate the relation of circulating microRNAs to acute cardiovascular events or coronary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Kaudewitz
- Prof. Manuel Mayr, King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel.: +44 02078 485132, Fax: +44 2078485296, E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Abstract
Understanding of the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) within complex organisms has fundamentally changed. It is increasingly possible to use ncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in medicine. Regarding disease pathogenesis, it has become evident that confinement to the analysis of protein-coding regions of the human genome is insufficient because ncRNA variants have been associated with important human diseases. Thus, inclusion of noncoding genomic elements in pathogenetic studies and their consideration as therapeutic targets is warranted. We consider aspects of the evolutionary and discovery history of ncRNAs, as far as they are relevant for the identification and selection of ncRNAs with likely therapeutic potential. Novel therapeutic strategies are based on ncRNAs, and we discuss here RNA interference as a highly versatile tool for gene silencing. RNA interference-mediating RNAs are small, but only parts of a far larger spectrum encompassing ncRNAs up to many kilobasepairs in size. We discuss therapeutic options in cardiovascular medicine offered by ncRNAs and key issues to be solved before clinical translation. Convergence of multiple technical advances is highlighted as a prerequisite for the translational progress achieved in recent years. Regarding safety, we review properties of RNA therapeutics, which may immunologically distinguish them from their endogenous counterparts, all of which underwent sophisticated evolutionary adaptation to specific biological contexts. Although our understanding of the noncoding human genome is only fragmentary to date, it is already feasible to develop RNA interference against a rapidly broadening spectrum of therapeutic targets and to translate this to the clinical setting under certain restrictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Poller
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Tank
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Skurk
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Gast
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Weber C. MicroRNAs: from basic mechanisms to clinical application in cardiovascular medicine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:168-9. [PMID: 23325472 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|