51
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Lu H, Sun J, Liang W, Chang Z, Rom O, Zhao Y, Zhao G, Xiong W, Wang H, Zhu T, Guo Y, Chang L, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhang J, Chen YE, Fan Y. Cyclodextrin Prevents Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm via Activation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Transcription Factor EB. Circulation 2020; 142:483-498. [PMID: 32354235 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe aortic disease with a high mortality rate in the event of rupture. Pharmacological therapy is needed to inhibit AAA expansion and prevent aneurysm rupture. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis, is critical to maintain cell homeostasis. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) TFEB in the development of AAA and establish TFEB as a novel target to treat AAA. METHODS The expression of TFEB was measured in human and mouse aortic aneurysm samples. We used loss/gain-of-function approaches to understand the role of TFEB in VSMC survival and explored the underlying mechanisms through transcriptome and functional studies. Using VSMC-selective Tfeb knockout mice and different mouse AAA models, we determined the role of VSMC TFEB and a TFEB activator in AAA in vivo. RESULTS We found that TFEB is downregulated in both human and mouse aortic aneurysm lesions. TFEB potently inhibits apoptosis in VSMCs, and transcriptome analysis revealed that TFEB regulates apoptotic signaling pathways, especially apoptosis inhibitor B-cell lymphoma 2. B-cell lymphoma 2 is significantly upregulated by TFEB and is required for TFEB to inhibit VSMC apoptosis. We consistently observed that TFEB deficiency increases VSMC apoptosis and promotes AAA formation in different mouse AAA models. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a clinical agent used to enhance the solubility of drugs, activates TFEB and inhibits AAA formation and progression in mice. Last, we found that 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inhibits AAA in a VSMC TFEB-dependent manner in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that TFEB protects against VSMC apoptosis and AAA. TFEB activation by 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Jinjian Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Wenhao Xiong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor
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52
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Wu C, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Updates on Approaches for Studying Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:e108-e117. [PMID: 30917052 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congqing Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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53
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Liu J, Sawada H, Howatt DA, Moorleghen JJ, Vsevolozhskaya O, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Hypercholesterolemia Accelerates Both the Initiation and Progression of Angiotensin II-induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. ANNALS OF VASCULAR MEDICINE AND RESEARCH 2020; 6:1099. [PMID: 32432166 PMCID: PMC7236767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined whether hypercholesterolemia would contribute to both the initiation and progression of angiotensin (Ang)II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine whether hypercholesterolemia accelerates the initiation of AAAs, male low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor -/- mice were either fed one week of Western diet prior to starting AngII infusion or initiated Western diet one week after starting AngII infusion. During the first week of AngII infusion, mice fed normal diet had less luminal expansion of the suprarenal aorta compared to those initiated Western diet after the first week of AngII infusion. The two groups achieved comparable luminal dilation on week 2 through week 6 of AngII infusion as monitored by ultrasound. To determine whether hypercholesterolemia contributed to the progression of established AAAs, male LDL receptor -/- mice were fed Western diet and infused with AngII for 4 weeks. Mice with established AAAs were then stratified into two groups based on luminal diameters measured by ultrasound. While AngII infusion was continued for another 8 weeks in both groups, mice in one group were continuously fed Western diet, but diet in the other group was switched to normal laboratory diet. In the latter group, plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced rapidly to approximately 500 mg/dl within one week after the diet was switched from Western diet to normal laboratory diet. Luminal expansion progressed constantly in mice continuously fed Western diet, whereas no continuous expansion was detected in mice that were switched to normal laboratory diet. CONCLUSION Hypercholesterolemia accelerates both the initiation of AAAs and progression of established AAAs in AngII-infused male LDL receptor -/- mice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hypercholesterolemia is modestly associated with AAAs in observational or retrospective clinical studies. It is not feasible to study whether hypercholesterolemia contributes to the initiation of AAAs or progression of established AAAs in human. This study using AngII-induced AAA mouse model provides solid evidence that hypercholesterolemia contributes to both the initiation and progression of AAAs, supporting that statin therapy at any stage of AAA development may be beneficial to hypercholesterolemic patients with AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA
| | - Jessica J. Moorleghen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, USA
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54
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Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which encompasses coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and aortic atherosclerosis. In each vascular bed, macrophages contribute to the maintenance of the local inflammatory response, propagate plaque development, and promote thrombosis. These central roles, coupled with their plasticity, makes macrophages attractive therapeutic targets in stemming the development of and stabilizing existing atherosclerosis. In the context of ASCVD, classically activated M1 macrophages initiate and sustain inflammation, and alternatively activated M2 macrophages resolve inflammation. However, this classification is now considered an oversimplification, and a greater understanding of plaque macrophage physiology in ASCVD is required to aid in the development of therapeutics to promote ASCVD regression. Reviewed herein are the macrophage phenotypes and molecular regulators characteristic of ASCVD regression, and the current murine models of ASCVD regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Barrett
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University
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55
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Peshkova IO, Aghayev T, Fatkhullina AR, Makhov P, Titerina EK, Eguchi S, Tan YF, Kossenkov AV, Khoreva MV, Gankovskaya LV, Sykes SM, Koltsova EK. IL-27 receptor-regulated stress myelopoiesis drives abdominal aortic aneurysm development. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5046. [PMID: 31695038 PMCID: PMC6834661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent life-threatening disease, where aortic wall degradation is mediated by accumulated immune cells. Although cytokines regulate inflammation within the aorta, their contribution to AAA via distant alterations, particularly in the control of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation, remains poorly defined. Here we report a pathogenic role for the interleukin-27 receptor (IL-27R) in AAA, as genetic ablation of IL-27R protects mice from the disease development. Mitigation of AAA is associated with a blunted accumulation of myeloid cells in the aorta due to the attenuation of Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced HSC expansion. IL-27R signaling is required to induce transcriptional programming to overcome HSC quiescence and increase differentiation and output of mature myeloid cells in response to stress stimuli to promote their accumulation in the diseased aorta. Overall, our studies illuminate how a prominent vascular disease can be distantly driven by a cytokine-dependent regulation of bone marrow precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia O Peshkova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Turan Aghayev
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aliia R Fatkhullina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Petr Makhov
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Elizaveta K Titerina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, USA
| | - Yin Fei Tan
- Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Marina V Khoreva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | - Stephen M Sykes
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Ekaterina K Koltsova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA.
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56
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Takayasu Arteritis with Dyslipidemia Increases Risk of Aneurysm. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14083. [PMID: 31575993 PMCID: PMC6773689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been associated with the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysm. However, whether LDL-C elevation associated with aneurysms in large vessel vasculitis is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and laboratory features of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and explore the risk factors that associated with aneurysm in these patients. This retrospective study compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and imaging results of 103 TAK patients with or without aneurysms and analyzed the risk factors of aneurysm formation. 20.4% of TAK patients were found to have aneurysms. The LDL-C levels was higher in the aneurysm group than in the non-aneurysm group (2.9 ± 0.9 mmol/l vs. 2.4 ± 0.9 mmol/l, p = 0.032). Elevated serum LDL-C levels increased the risk of aneurysm by 5.8-fold (p = 0.021, odds ratio [OR] = 5.767, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.302-25.543), and the cutoff value of level of serum LDL-C was 3.08 mmol/l. The risk of aneurysm was 4.2-fold higher in patients with disease duration >5 years (p = 0.042, OR = 4.237, 95% CI: 1.055-17.023), and 2.9-fold higher when an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was present (p = 0.077, OR = 2.851, 95% CI: 0.891-9.115). In this study, elevated LDL-C levels increased the risk of developing aneurysms in patients with TAK.
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57
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Reporting Sex and Sex Differences in Preclinical Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e171-e184. [PMID: 30354222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (C.W.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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58
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Okuyama M, Uchida HA, Hada Y, Kakio Y, Otaka N, Umebayashi R, Tanabe K, Fujii Y, Kasahara S, Subramanian V, Daugherty A, Sato Y, Wada J. Exogenous Vasohibin-2 Exacerbates Angiotensin II-Induced Ascending Aortic Dilation in Mice. Circ Rep 2019; 1:155-161. [PMID: 33693132 PMCID: PMC7890291 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-19-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion promotes ascending aortic dilation in C57BL/6J mice. Meanwhile, vasohibin-2 (VASH2) is an angiogenesis promoter in neovascularization under various pathologic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exogenous VASH2 influences chronic AngII-induced ascending aortic dilation. Methods and Results:
Eight–ten-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were injected with adenovirus (Ad) expressing either VASH2 or LacZ. One week after the injection, mice were infused with either AngII or saline s.c. for 3 weeks. Mice were divided into 4 groups: AngII+VASH2, AngII+LacZ, saline+VASH2, and saline+LacZ. Overexpression of VASH2 significantly increased AngII-induced intimal areas as well as the external diameter of the ascending aorta. In addition, VASH2 overexpression promoted ascending aortic medial elastin fragmentation in AngII-infused mice, which was associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and medial smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis. On western blot analysis, accumulation of apoptotic signaling proteins, p21 and p53 was increased in the AngII+VASH2 group. Furthermore, transfection of human aortic SMC with Ad VASH2 increased p21 and p53 protein abundance upon AngII stimulation. Positive TUNEL staining was also detected in the same group of the human aortic SMC. Conclusions:
Exogenous VASH2 exacerbates AngII-induced ascending aortic dilation in vivo, which is associated with increased medial apoptosis and elastin fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Okuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan.,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY USA
| | - Haruhito A Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan.,Department of Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Yuki Kakio
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Nozomu Otaka
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Ryoko Umebayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujii
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Venkateswaran Subramanian
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY USA
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
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59
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Wang Y, Ma M, Wang JA, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in mice and monkeys. Curr Opin Lipidol 2019; 30:154-155. [PMID: 30844857 PMCID: PMC6513310 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- The Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Murong Ma
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jian-An Wang
- The Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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60
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Mentrup T, Theodorou K, Cabrera-Cabrera F, Helbig AO, Happ K, Gijbels M, Gradtke AC, Rabe B, Fukumori A, Steiner H, Tholey A, Fluhrer R, Donners M, Schröder B. Atherogenic LOX-1 signaling is controlled by SPPL2-mediated intramembrane proteolysis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:807-830. [PMID: 30819724 PMCID: PMC6446863 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramembrane proteases SPPL2a/b control pro-atherogenic signaling of membrane-bound proteolytic fragments derived from the oxLDL receptor LOX-1. In mice deficient for these proteases, plaque development and fibrosis is enhanced. This highlights SPPL2a/b as crucial players of a novel athero-protective mechanism, which is conserved in humans. The lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) is a key player in the development of atherosclerosis. LOX-1 promotes endothelial activation and dysfunction by mediating uptake of oxidized LDL and inducing pro-atherogenic signaling. However, little is known about modulators of LOX-1–mediated responses. Here, we show that the function of LOX-1 is controlled proteolytically. Ectodomain shedding by the metalloprotease ADAM10 and lysosomal degradation generate membrane-bound N-terminal fragments (NTFs), which we identified as novel substrates of the intramembrane proteases signal peptide peptidase–like 2a and b (SPPL2a/b). SPPL2a/b control cellular LOX-1 NTF levels which, following self-association via their transmembrane domain, can activate MAP kinases in a ligand-independent manner. This leads to an up-regulation of several pro-atherogenic and pro-fibrotic targets including ICAM-1 and the connective tissue growth factor CTGF. Consequently, SPPL2a/b-deficient mice, which accumulate LOX-1 NTFs, develop larger and more advanced atherosclerotic plaques than controls. This identifies intramembrane proteolysis by SPPL2a/b as a novel atheroprotective mechanism via negative regulation of LOX-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kosta Theodorou
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Florencia Cabrera-Cabrera
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas O Helbig
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Happ
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ann-Christine Gradtke
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Björn Rabe
- Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Akio Fukumori
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Systematic Proteome Research and Bioanalytics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marjo Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany .,Biochemical Institute, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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61
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a local dilatation of the abdominal aortic vessel wall and is among the most challenging cardiovascular diseases as without urgent surgical intervention, ruptured AAA has a mortality rate of >80%. Most patients present acutely after aneurysm rupture or dissection from a previously asymptomatic condition and are managed by either surgery or endovascular repair. Patients usually are old and have other concurrent diseases and conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia making surgical intervention more difficult. Collectively, these issues have driven the search for alternative methods of diagnosing, monitoring, and treating AAA using therapeutics and less invasive approaches. Noncoding RNAs-short noncoding RNAs (microRNAs) and long-noncoding RNAs-are emerging as new fundamental regulators of gene expression. Researchers and clinicians are aiming at targeting these microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs and exploit their potential as clinical biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for AAAs. While the role of miRNAs in AAA is established, studies on long-noncoding RNAs are only beginning to emerge, suggesting their important yet unexplored role in vascular physiology and disease. Here, we review the role of noncoding RNAs and their target genes focusing on their role in AAA. We also discuss the animal models used for mechanistic understanding of AAA. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs as clinical biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of
Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Frankfurt,
Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,
Sweden
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical
University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Munich,
Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of
Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Frankfurt,
Germany
- Corresponding authors: Hanjoong Jo, PhD, John and Jan Portman
Professor, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory
University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA
30322, , Stefanie Dimmeler, PhD, Institute for
Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany,
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Corresponding authors: Hanjoong Jo, PhD, John and Jan Portman
Professor, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory
University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA
30322, , Stefanie Dimmeler, PhD, Institute for
Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany,
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62
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Hadi T, Boytard L, Silvestro M, Alebrahim D, Jacob S, Feinstein J, Barone K, Spiro W, Hutchison S, Simon R, Rateri D, Pinet F, Fenyo D, Adelman M, Moore KJ, Eltzschig HK, Daugherty A, Ramkhelawon B. Macrophage-derived netrin-1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by activating MMP3 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5022. [PMID: 30479344 PMCID: PMC6258757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) fragmentation and inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which these events are coupled thereby fueling focal vascular damage are undefined. Here we report through single-cell RNA-sequencing of diseased aorta that the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 can act at the interface of macrophage-driven injury and ECM degradation. Netrin-1 expression peaks in human and murine aneurysmal macrophages. Targeted deletion of netrin-1 in macrophages protects mice from developing AAA. Through its receptor neogenin-1, netrin-1 induces a robust intracellular calcium flux necessary for the transcriptional regulation and persistent catalytic activation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) by vascular smooth muscle cells. Deficiency in MMP3 reduces ECM damage and the susceptibility of mice to develop AAA. Here, we establish netrin-1 as a major signal that mediates the dynamic crosstalk between inflammation and chronic erosion of the ECM in AAA. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by extensive extracellular matrix degradation. Here Hadi et al. identify a netrin-1/neogenin-based crosstalk between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to the secretion of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-3 by VSMCs and subsequent matrix degradation in AAA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Hadi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Boytard
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michele Silvestro
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dornazsadat Alebrahim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Samson Jacob
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jordyn Feinstein
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Krista Barone
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wes Spiro
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Susan Hutchison
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Russell Simon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Debra Rateri
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Florence Pinet
- University of Lille, Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019, Lille, France
| | - David Fenyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mark Adelman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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63
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Dron
- From the Department of Biochemistry (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Julieta Lazarte
- From the Department of Biochemistry (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- From the Department of Biochemistry (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute (J.S.D., J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine (J.L., R.A.H.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Klarin D, Damrauer SM, Cho K, Sun YV, Teslovich TM, Honerlaw J, Gagnon DR, DuVall SL, Li J, Peloso GM, Chaffin M, Small AM, Huang J, Tang H, Lynch JA, Ho YL, Liu DJ, Emdin CA, Li AH, Huffman JE, Lee JS, Natarajan P, Chowdhury R, Saleheen D, Vujkovic M, Baras A, Pyarajan S, Di Angelantonio E, Neale BM, Naheed A, Khera AV, Danesh J, Chang KM, Abecasis G, Willer C, Dewey FE, Carey DJ, Concato J, Gaziano JM, O'Donnell CJ, Tsao PS, Kathiresan S, Rader DJ, Wilson PWF, Assimes TL. Genetics of blood lipids among ~300,000 multi-ethnic participants of the Million Veteran Program. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1514-1523. [PMID: 30275531 PMCID: PMC6521726 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Million Veteran Program (MVP) was established in 2011 as a national research initiative to determine how genetic variation influences the health of US military veterans. Here we genotyped 312,571 MVP participants using a custom biobank array and linked the genetic data to laboratory and clinical phenotypes extracted from electronic health records covering a median of 10.0 years of follow-up. Among 297,626 veterans with at least one blood lipid measurement, including 57,332 black and 24,743 Hispanic participants, we tested up to around 32 million variants for association with lipid levels and identified 118 novel genome-wide significant loci after meta-analysis with data from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (total n > 600,000). Through a focus on mutations predicted to result in a loss of gene function and a phenome-wide association study, we propose novel indications for pharmaceutical inhibitors targeting PCSK9 (abdominal aortic aneurysm), ANGPTL4 (type 2 diabetes) and PDE3B (triglycerides and coronary disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Klarin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Honerlaw
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Gagnon
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott L DuVall
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aeron M Small
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Connor A Emdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer E Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aliya Naheed
- Initiative for Noncommunicable Diseases, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amit V Khera
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristen Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - John Concato
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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65
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Shabir O, Berwick J, Francis SE. Neurovascular dysfunction in vascular dementia, Alzheimer's and atherosclerosis. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:62. [PMID: 30333009 PMCID: PMC6192291 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient blood supply to the brain is of paramount importance to its normal functioning and improper blood flow can result in potentially devastating neurological consequences. Cerebral blood flow in response to neural activity is intrinsically regulated by a complex interplay between various cell types within the brain in a relationship termed neurovascular coupling. The breakdown of neurovascular coupling is evident across a wide variety of both neurological and psychiatric disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. Atherosclerosis is a chronic syndrome affecting the integrity and function of major blood vessels including those that supply the brain, and it is therefore hypothesised that atherosclerosis impairs cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling leading to cerebrovascular dysfunction. This review will discuss the mechanisms of neurovascular coupling in health and disease and how atherosclerosis can potentially cause cerebrovascular dysfunction that may lead to cognitive decline as well as stroke. Understanding the mechanisms of neurovascular coupling in health and disease may enable us to develop potential therapies to prevent the breakdown of neurovascular coupling in the treatment of vascular brain diseases including vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Shabir
- The Neurovascular and Neuroimaging Research Group, Alfred Denny Building, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Jason Berwick
- The Neurovascular and Neuroimaging Research Group, Alfred Denny Building, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
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Jarrett KE, Lee C, De Giorgi M, Hurley A, Gillard BK, Doerfler AM, Li A, Pownall HJ, Bao G, Lagor WR. Somatic Editing of Ldlr With Adeno-Associated Viral-CRISPR Is an Efficient Tool for Atherosclerosis Research. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1997-2006. [PMID: 30026278 PMCID: PMC6202188 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Atherosclerosis studies in Ldlr knockout mice require breeding to homozygosity and congenic status on C57BL6/J background, a process that is both time and resource intensive. We aimed to develop a new method for generating atherosclerosis through somatic deletion of Ldlr in livers of adult mice. Approach and Results- Overexpression of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) is currently used to study atherosclerosis, which promotes degradation of LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) in the liver. We sought to determine whether CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated 9) could also be used to generate atherosclerosis through genetic disruption of Ldlr in adult mice. We engineered adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 and a guide RNA targeting the Ldlr gene (AAV-CRISPR). Both male and female mice received either (1) saline, (2) AAV-CRISPR, or (3) AAV-hPCSK9 (human PCSK9)-D374Y. A fourth group of germline Ldlr-KO mice was included for comparison. Mice were placed on a Western diet and followed for 20 weeks to assess plasma lipids, PCSK9 protein levels, atherosclerosis, and editing efficiency. Disruption of Ldlr with AAV-CRISPR was robust, resulting in severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. AAV-hPCSK9 also produced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis as expected. Notable sexual dimorphism was observed, wherein AAV-CRISPR was superior for Ldlr removal in male mice, while AAV-hPCSK9 was more effective in female mice. Conclusions- This all-in-one AAV-CRISPR vector targeting Ldlr is an effective and versatile tool to model atherosclerosis with a single injection and provides a useful alternative to the use of germline Ldlr-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Jarrett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ciaran Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ayrea Hurley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Baiba K. Gillard
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandria M. Doerfler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Henry J. Pownall
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gang Bao
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R. Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wu CH, Mohammadmoradi S, Chen JZ, Sawada H, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Renin-Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e108-e116. [PMID: 29950386 PMCID: PMC6039412 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Shayan Mohammadmoradi
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Jeff Z Chen
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.-H.W., S.M., J.Z.C., H.S., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., S.M., A.D., H.S.L.)
- Department of Physiology (J.Z.C., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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68
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Lutshumba J, Liu S, Zhong Y, Hou T, Daugherty A, Lu H, Guo Z, Gong MC. Deletion of BMAL1 in Smooth Muscle Cells Protects Mice From Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1063-1075. [PMID: 29437576 PMCID: PMC5920729 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has high mortality rate when ruptured, but currently, there is no proven pharmacological therapy for AAA because of our poor understanding of its pathogenesis. The current study explored a novel role of smooth muscle cell (SMC) BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1)-a transcription factor known to regulate circadian rhythm-in AAA development. APPROACH AND RESULTS SMC-selective deletion of BMAL1 potently protected mice from AAA induced by (1) MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) agonist deoxycorticosterone acetate or aldosterone plus high salt intake and (2) angiotensin II infusion in hypercholesterolemia mice. Aortic BMAL1 was upregulated by deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt, and deletion of BMAL1 in SMCs selectively upregulated TIMP4 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4) and suppressed deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activation and elastin breakages. Moreover, BMAL1 bound to the Timp4 promoter and suppressed Timp4 transcription. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal an important, but previously unexplored, role of SMC BMAL1 in AAA. Moreover, these results identify TIMP4 as a novel target of BMAL1, which may mediate the AAA protective effect of SMC BMAL1 deletion.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- Aldosterone
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Binding Sites
- Desoxycorticosterone Acetate
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Elastin/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lutshumba
- From the Department of Physiology (J.L., Y.Z., A.D., H.L., M.C.G.)
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (S.L., T.H., Z.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Yu Zhong
- From the Department of Physiology (J.L., Y.Z., A.D., H.L., M.C.G.)
| | | | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology (J.L., Y.Z., A.D., H.L., M.C.G.)
| | - Hong Lu
- From the Department of Physiology (J.L., Y.Z., A.D., H.L., M.C.G.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (S.L., T.H., Z.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (S.L., T.H., Z.G.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
- Department of Research and Development, Lexington VA Medical Center, KY (Z.G.)
| | - Ming C Gong
- From the Department of Physiology (J.L., Y.Z., A.D., H.L., M.C.G.)
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69
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Sun J, Deng H, Zhou Z, Xiong X, Gao L. Endothelium as a Potential Target for Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6306542. [PMID: 29849906 PMCID: PMC5903296 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6306542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was previously ascribed to weaken defective medial arterial/adventitial layers, for example, smooth muscle/fibroblast cells. Therefore, besides surgical repair, medications targeting the medial layer to strengthen the aortic wall are the most feasible treatment strategy for AAA. However, so far, it is unclear whether such drugs have any beneficial effect on AAA prognosis, rate of aneurysm growth, rupture, or survival. Notably, clinical studies have shown that AAA is highly associated with endothelial dysfunction in the aged population. Additionally, animal models of endothelial dysfunction and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling had a very high rate of AAA formation, indicating there is crucial involvement of the endothelium and a possible pharmacological solution targeting the endothelium in AAA treatment. Endothelial cells have been found to trigger vascular wall remodeling by releasing proteases, or recruiting macrophages along with other neutrophils, into the medial layer. Moreover, inflammation and oxidative stress of the arterial wall were induced by endothelial dysfunction. Interestingly, there is a paradoxical differential correlation between diabetes and aneurysm formation in retinal capillaries and the aorta. Deciphering the significance of such a difference may explain current unsuccessful AAA medications and offer a solution to this treatment challenge. It is now believed that AAA and atherosclerosis are two separate but related diseases, based on their different clinical patterns which have further complicated the puzzle. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the interaction between endothelium and medial/adventitial layer may provide us a better understanding and new perspective on AAA formation, especially after taking into account the importance of endothelium in the development of AAA. Moreover, a novel medication strategy replacing the currently used, but suboptimal treatments for AAA, could be informed with this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Sun
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Vascular Surgery Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Vascular Surgery Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Neurosurgery Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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70
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Basu D, Hu Y, Huggins LA, Mullick AE, Graham MJ, Wietecha T, Barnhart S, Mogul A, Pfeiffer K, Zirlik A, Fisher EA, Bornfeldt KE, Willecke F, Goldberg IJ. Novel Reversible Model of Atherosclerosis and Regression Using Oligonucleotide Regulation of the LDL Receptor. Circ Res 2018; 122:560-567. [PMID: 29321129 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Animal models have been used to explore factors that regulate atherosclerosis. More recently, they have been used to study the factors that promote loss of macrophages and reduction in lesion size after lowering of plasma cholesterol levels. However, current animal models of atherosclerosis regression require challenging surgeries, time-consuming breeding strategies, and methods that block liver lipoprotein secretion. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a more direct or time-effective method to create and then reverse hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis via transient knockdown of the hepatic LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) followed by its rapid restoration. METHODS AND RESULTS We used antisense oligonucleotides directed to LDLR mRNA to create hypercholesterolemia in wild-type C57BL/6 mice fed an atherogenic diet. This led to the development of lesions in the aortic root, aortic arch, and brachiocephalic artery. Use of a sense oligonucleotide replicating the targeted sequence region of the LDLR mRNA rapidly reduced circulating cholesterol levels because of recovery of hepatic LDLR expression. This led to a decrease in macrophages within the aortic root plaques and brachiocephalic artery, that is, regression of inflammatory cell content, after a period of 2 to 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We have developed an inducible and reversible hepatic LDLR knockdown mouse model of atherosclerosis regression. Although cholesterol reduction decreased early en face lesions in the aortic arches, macrophage area was reduced in both early and late lesions within the aortic sinus after reversal of hypercholesterolemia. Our model circumvents many of the challenges associated with current mouse models of regression. The use of this technology will potentially expedite studies of atherosclerosis and regression without use of mice with genetic defects in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Basu
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Yunying Hu
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Lesley-Ann Huggins
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Adam E Mullick
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Mark J Graham
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Allison Mogul
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Katharina Pfeiffer
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Edward A Fisher
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Florian Willecke
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York (D.B., Y.H., L.-A.H., A.M., E.A.F., I.J.G.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (T.W.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute (S.B., K.E.B.), and Department of Pathology (K.E.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Freiburg University, Germany (K.P., A.Z., F.W.).
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71
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Ren L, Sun Y, Lu H, Ye D, Han L, Wang N, Daugherty A, Li F, Wang M, Su F, Tao W, Sun J, Zelcer N, Mullick AE, Danser AHJ, Jiang Y, He Y, Ruan X, Lu X. (Pro)renin Receptor Inhibition Reprograms Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Protects Mice From Diet-Induced Obesity and Hepatosteatosis. Circ Res 2018; 122:730-741. [PMID: 29301853 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An elevated level of plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, we reported that the (pro)renin receptor ([P]RR) regulates LDL metabolism in vitro via the LDLR (LDL receptor) and SORT1 (sortilin-1), independently of the renin-angiotensin system. OBJECTIVES To investigate the physiological role of (P)RR in lipid metabolism in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We used N-acetylgalactosamine modified antisense oligonucleotides to specifically inhibit hepatic (P)RR expression in C57BL/6 mice and studied the consequences this has on lipid metabolism. In line with our earlier report, hepatic (P)RR silencing increased plasma LDL-C (LDL cholesterol). Unexpectedly, this also resulted in markedly reduced plasma triglycerides in a SORT1-independent manner in C57BL/6 mice fed a normal- or high-fat diet. In LDLR-deficient mice, hepatic (P)RR inhibition reduced both plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, in a diet-independent manner. Mechanistically, we found that (P)RR inhibition decreased protein abundance of ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase). This alteration reprograms hepatic metabolism, leading to reduced lipid synthesis and increased fatty acid oxidation. As a result, hepatic (P)RR inhibition attenuated diet-induced obesity and hepatosteatosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study suggests that (P)RR plays a key role in energy homeostasis and regulation of plasma lipids by integrating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ren
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Yuan Sun
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Hong Lu
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Dien Ye
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Lijuan Han
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Na Wang
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Furong Li
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Fengting Su
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Wenjun Tao
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Jie Sun
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Noam Zelcer
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Adam E Mullick
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Yongcheng He
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.)
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.).
| | - Xifeng Lu
- From the AstraZeneca-Shenzhen University Joint Institute of Nephrology, Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, China (L.R., Y.S., D.Y., L.H., N.W., M.W., F.S., W.T., J.S., X.R., X.L.); Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China (L.R., Y.S., F.L., X.L.); Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam University, The Netherlands (L.R., Y.S., A.H.J.D.); Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.L., A.D.); Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (N.Z.); Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M.); Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, China (Y.J.); The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China (Y.H.); and John Moorhead Laboratory, Center for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.R.).
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Iida Y, Tanaka H, Sano H, Suzuki Y, Shimizu H, Urano T. Ectopic Expression of PCSK9 by Smooth Muscle Cells Contributes to Aortic Dissection. Ann Vasc Surg 2017; 48:195-203. [PMID: 29197601 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a common disease among the elderly. Although several risk factors of AAD have been reported, the molecular mechanism underlying AAD development remains to be elucidated. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) increases low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in blood by preventing its clearance. Therefore, PCSK9 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of AAD. METHODS We used fluorescence immunohistochemistry to assess PCSK9 expression in aortic tissues resected from 10 AAD patients and in the normal aorta from 5 autopsy samples as well as in spontaneously hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice used as an experimental AD model. RESULTS We revealed a characteristic distribution pattern of PCSK9 in atherosclerotic plaques and the degenerated tunica media in AAD tissues, which was rarely observed in normal aortic tissues. Furthermore, PCSK9 was notably expressed around calcification areas formed by vascular smooth muscle cells, especially those of the synthetic phenotype. The results obtained in the animal model were consistent with PCSK9 expression in AAD tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PCSK9 overexpression in the aorta may promote AAD. This study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of PCSK9 inhibitors for the management of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iida
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Hideto Sano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsumei Urano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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73
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Zupančič E, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Cardiovascular Immunotherapy and the Role of Imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e167-e171. [PMID: 29070539 PMCID: PMC5743324 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zupančič
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.).
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74
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Daugherty A, Tall AR, Daemen MJ, Falk E, Fisher EA, García-Cardeña G, Lusis AJ, Owens AP, Rosenfeld ME, Virmani R. Recommendation on Design, Execution, and Reporting of Animal Atherosclerosis Studies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2017; 121:e53-e79. [DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies are a foundation for defining mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential targets of drugs to prevent lesion development or reverse the disease. In the current literature, it is common to see contradictions of outcomes in animal studies from different research groups, leading to the paucity of extrapolations of experimental findings into understanding the human disease. The purpose of this statement is to provide guidelines for development and execution of experimental design and interpretation in animal studies. Recommendations include the following: (1) animal model selection, with commentary on the fidelity of mimicking facets of the human disease; (2) experimental design and its impact on the interpretation of data; and (3) standard methods to enhance accuracy of measurements and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions.
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75
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Accelerated atherosclerosis development in C57Bl6 mice by overexpressing AAV-mediated PCSK9 and partial carotid ligation. J Transl Med 2017; 97:935-945. [PMID: 28504688 PMCID: PMC5563968 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the role of a particular gene in atherosclerosis typically requires a time-consuming and often difficult process of generating double knockouts or transgenics on ApoE-/- or LDL receptor (LDLR)-/- background. Recently, it was reported that adeno-associated-virus-8 (AAV8)-mediated overexpression of PCSK9 (AAV8-PCSK9) rapidly induced hyperlipidemia. However, using this method in C57BL6 wild-type (C57) mice, it took ~3 months to develop atherosclerosis. Our partial carotid ligation model is used to rapidly develop atherosclerosis by inducing disturbed flow in the left common carotid artery within 2 weeks in ApoE-/- or LDLR-/- mice. Here, we combined these two approaches to develop an accelerated model of atherosclerosis in C57 mice. C57 mice were injected with AAV9-PCSK9 or AAV9-luciferase (control) and high-fat diet was initiated. A week later, partial ligation was performed. Compared to the control, AAV-PCSK9 led to elevated serum PCSK9, hypercholesterolemia, and rapid atherosclerosis development within 3 weeks as determined by gross plaque imaging, and staining with Oil-Red-O, Movat's pentachrome, and CD45 antibody. These plaque lesions were comparable to the atherosclerotic lesions that have been previously observed in ApoE-/- or LDLR-/- mice that were subjected to partial carotid ligation and high-fat diet. Next, we tested whether our method can be utilized to rapidly determine the role of a particular gene in atherosclerosis. Using eNOS-/- and NOX1-/y mice on C57 background, we found that the eNOS-/- mice developed more advanced lesions, while the NOX1-/y mice developed less atherosclerotic lesions as compared to the C57 controls. These results are consistent with the previous findings using double knockouts (eNOS-/-_ApoE-/- and NOX1-/y_ApoE-/-). AAV9-PCSK9 injection followed by partial carotid ligation is an effective and time-saving approach to rapidly induce atherosclerosis. This accelerated model is well-suited to quickly determine the role of gene(s) interest without generating double or triple knockouts.
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Daugherty A, Tall AR, Daemen MJAP, Falk E, Fisher EA, García-Cardeña G, Lusis AJ, Owens AP, Rosenfeld ME, Virmani R. Recommendation on Design, Execution, and Reporting of Animal Atherosclerosis Studies: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e131-e157. [PMID: 28729366 DOI: 10.1161/atv.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies are a foundation for defining mechanisms of atherosclerosis and potential targets of drugs to prevent lesion development or reverse the disease. In the current literature, it is common to see contradictions of outcomes in animal studies from different research groups, leading to the paucity of extrapolations of experimental findings into understanding the human disease. The purpose of this statement is to provide guidelines for development and execution of experimental design and interpretation in animal studies. Recommendations include the following: (1) animal model selection, with commentary on the fidelity of mimicking facets of the human disease; (2) experimental design and its impact on the interpretation of data; and (3) standard methods to enhance accuracy of measurements and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/epidemiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/epidemiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Risk Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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