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Steckelings UM, Widdop RE, Sturrock ED, Lubbe L, Hussain T, Kaschina E, Unger T, Hallberg A, Carey RM, Sumners C. The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor: From a Binding Site to a Novel Therapeutic Target. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1051-1135. [PMID: 36180112 PMCID: PMC9553111 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered more than 30 years ago, the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has evolved from a binding site with unknown function to a firmly established major effector within the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and a target for new drugs in development. The AT2R represents an endogenous protective mechanism that can be manipulated in the majority of preclinical models to alleviate lung, renal, cardiovascular, metabolic, cutaneous, and neural diseases as well as cancer. This article is a comprehensive review summarizing our current knowledge of the AT2R, from its discovery to its position within the RAS and its overall functions. This is followed by an in-depth look at the characteristics of the AT2R, including its structure, intracellular signaling, homo- and heterodimerization, and expression. AT2R-selective ligands, from endogenous peptides to synthetic peptides and nonpeptide molecules that are used as research tools, are discussed. Finally, we summarize the known physiological roles of the AT2R and its abundant protective effects in multiple experimental disease models and expound on AT2R ligands that are undergoing development for clinical use. The present review highlights the controversial aspects and gaps in our knowledge of this receptor and illuminates future perspectives for AT2R research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) is now regarded as a fully functional and important component of the renin-angiotensin system, with the potential of exerting protective actions in a variety of diseases. This review provides an in-depth view of the AT2R, which has progressed from being an enigma to becoming a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Muscha Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Edward D Sturrock
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Lizelle Lubbe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Elena Kaschina
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Thomas Unger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Anders Hallberg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Robert M Carey
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Colin Sumners
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
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52
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Zhao K, Xu T, Mao Y, Wu X, Hua D, Sheng Y, Li P. Alamandine alleviated heart failure and fibrosis in myocardial infarction mice. Biol Direct 2022; 17:25. [PMID: 36167556 PMCID: PMC9516792 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-022-00338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Alamandine (Ala) is the newest identified peptide of the renin-angiotensin system and has protective effect on myocyte hypertrophy. However, it is still unclear whether Ala can alleviate heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Ala on HF and the related cardiac fibrosis, and to probe the mechanism. HF model was induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Four weeks after MI, Ala was administrated by intraperitoneal injection for two weeks. Ala injection significantly improved cardiac dysfunction of MI mice in vivo. The cardiac fibrosis and the related biomarkers were attenuated after Ala administration in HF mice in vivo. The increases of collagen I, alpha-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-beta induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs) were inhibited by Ala treatment in vitro. The biomarkers of apoptosis were elevated in NRCFs induced by OGD, which were attenuated after treating with Ala in vitro. The enhancement of oxidative stress in the heart of MI mice or in the NRCFs treated with OGD was suppressed by treating with Ala in vivo and in vitro. These effects of Ala were reversed by tBHP, an exogenous inducer of oxidative stress in vitro. These results demonstrated that Ala could alleviate cardiac dysfunction and attenuate cardiac fibrosis via inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxu Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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53
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Maranduca MA, Tanase DM, Cozma CT, Dima N, Clim A, Pinzariu AC, Serban DN, Serban IL. The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091906. [PMID: 36145655 PMCID: PMC9505151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put a tremendous stress on the medical community over the last two years. Managing the infection proved a lot more difficult after several research communities started to recognize the long-term effects of this disease. The cellular receptor for the virus was identified as angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a molecule responsible for a wide array of processes, broadly variable amongst different organs. Angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 is the product of Ang II, a decaying reaction catalysed by ACE2. The effects observed after altering the level of ACE2 are essentially related to the variation of Ang 1-7. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is comprised of two main branches, with ACE2 representing a crucial component of the protective part of the complex. The ACE2/Ang (1-7) axis is well represented in the testis, heart, brain, kidney, and intestine. Infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus determines downregulation of ACE2 and interrupts the equilibrium between ACE and ACE2 in these organs. In this review, we highlight the link between the local effects of RAAS and the consequences of COVID-19 infection as they arise from observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minela Aida Maranduca
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Maria Tanase
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Tudor Cozma
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicoleta Dima
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Clim
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Constantin Pinzariu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragomir Nicolae Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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da Silva FA, Rodrigues-Ribeiro L, Melo-Braga MN, Passos-Silva DG, Sampaio WO, Gorshkov V, Kjeldsen F, Verano-Braga T, Santos RAS. Phosphoproteomic studies of alamandine signaling in CHO-MrgD and human pancreatic carcinoma cells: An antiproliferative effect is unveiled. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100255. [PMID: 35652611 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alamandine is a heptapeptide from the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with similar structure/function to angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)], but they act via different receptors. It remains elusive whether alamandine is an antiproliferative agent like ang-(1-7). The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential antiproliferative activity of alamandine and the underlying cellular signaling. We evaluated alamandine effect in the tumoral cell lines Mia PaCa-2 and A549, and in the nontumoral cell lines HaCaT, CHO and CHO transfected with the alamandine receptor MrgD (CHO-MrgD). Alamandine was able to reduce the proliferation of the tumoral cell lines in a MrgD-dependent fashion. We did not observe any effect in the nontumoral cell lines tested. We also performed proteomics and phosphoproteomics to study the alamandine signaling in Mia PaCa-2 and CHO-MrgD. Data suggest that alamandine induces a shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in the tumoral cells, induces a negative regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activates the transcriptional factor FoxO1; events that could explain, at least partially, the observed antiproliferative effect of alamandine. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive investigation of the alamandine signaling in tumoral (Mia PaCa-2) and nontumoral (CHO-MrgD) cells, highlighting the antiproliferative activity of alamandine/MrgD and its possible antitumoral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Alex da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rodrigues-Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcella Nunes Melo-Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Gomes Passos-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walkyria Oliveira Sampaio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Frank Kjeldsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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55
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Bertagnolli M, Dartora DR, Lamata P, Zacur E, Mai-Vo TA, He Y, Beauchamp L, Lewandowski AJ, Cloutier A, Sutherland MR, Santos RAS, Nuyt AM. Reshaping the Preterm Heart: Shifting Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin System Towards Cardioprotection in Rats Exposed to Neonatal High-Oxygen Stress. Hypertension 2022; 79:1789-1803. [PMID: 35588210 PMCID: PMC9278707 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of infants are born preterm. Preterm birth leads to short and long-term changes in cardiac shape and function. By using a rat model of neonatal high-oxygen (80%O2) exposure, mimicking the premature hyperoxic transition to the extrauterine environment, we revealed a major role of the renin-angiotensin system peptide Angio II (angiotensin II) and its receptor AT1 (angiotensin receptor type 1) on neonatal O2-induced cardiomyopathy. Here, we tested whether treatment with either orally active compounds of the peptides Angio-(1-7) or alamandine included in cyclodextrin could prevent postnatal cardiac remodeling and the programming of cardiomyopathy induced by neonatal high-O2 exposure. METHODS Sprague-Dawley pups were exposed to room air or 80% O2 from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P10. Neonatal rats were treated orally from P3 to P10 and assessed at P10 and P28. Left ventricular (LV) shapes were characterized by tridimensional computational atlases of ultrasound images in addition to histomorphometry. RESULTS At P10, high O2-exposed rats presented a smaller, globular and hypertrophied LV shape versus controls. Treatment with cyclodextrin-Angio-(1-7) significantly improved LV function in the O2-exposed neonatal rats and slightly changed LV shape. Cyclodextrin-alamandine and cyclodextrin-Angio-(1-7) treatments similarly reduced hypertrophy at P10 as well as LV remodeling and dysfunction at P28. Both treatments upregulated cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in O2-exposed rats at P10 and P28. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate LV remodeling changes induced by O2-stress and the potential benefits of treatments targeting the cardioprotective renin-angiotensin system axis, supporting the neonatal period as an important window for interventions aiming at preventing cardiomyopathy in people born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Bertagnolli
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.).,Research Center of the Hospital Sacré-Coeur, CIUSSS Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada (M.B.).,School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (M.B.)
| | - Daniela R Dartora
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.).,Instituto de Cardiologia de Porto Alegre, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Brazil (D.R.D.)
| | - Pablo Lamata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.L., E.Z.)
| | - Ernesto Zacur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom (P.L., E.Z.)
| | - Thuy-An Mai-Vo
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.)
| | - Ying He
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.)
| | - Léonie Beauchamp
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.)
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.L.)
| | - Anik Cloutier
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.)
| | - Megan R Sutherland
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.).,Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (M.R.S.)
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Nanobiofar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (R.A.S.S.)
| | - Anne Monique Nuyt
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Université de Montréal, Canada (M.B., D.R.D., T.-A.M.-V., Y.H., L.B., A.C., M.R.S., A.M.N.)
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56
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Ding W, Miao Z, Feng X, Luo A, Tan W, Li P, Wang F. Alamandine, a new member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in mice via inhibiting cytokine secretion in synovial fibroblasts. Peptides 2022; 154:170816. [PMID: 35609788 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alamandine is a novel component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as well as an important biologically active peptide. It has predominantly been studied in cardiovascular context. However, its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. Here we illustrated its effects on inflammatory cytokines production by synovial fibroblasts from RA and pathological changes in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Alamandine (0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml) did not affect the survival of the synovial fibroblasts, but decreased the migration and proinflammatory cytokines expression in TNF-α (10 ng/ml) stimulated cells in vitro. Additionally, alamandine selectively decreased phosphorylated-JNK expression induced by TNF-a stimulation in RA FLS. DBA/1 J mice were induced arthritis by a primary injection with an emulsion of bovine type II collagen (CII) and complete Freund's adjuvant (day 0) and a booster injection of CII in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (day 21). Mice were then given alamandine intraperitoneally in saline (50 μg/kg/day) from days 21-42. Histology and multiplex immunobead assay showed that alamandine treatment inhibited the development of arthritis and reduced the joint damage. This effect was accompanied by the reduced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-23, IFN-γ) mRNA expression in local joints, the decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 and the increased IL-10 levels in the serum from alamandine administrated CIA mice. In conclusion, alamandine attenuates the development of arthritis by suppressing inflammatory cytokines expression in RA synovial fibroblasts via MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengyue Miao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aishu Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
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57
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Suzuki S, Iida M, Hiroaki Y, Tanaka K, Kawamoto A, Kato T, Oshima A. Structural insight into the activation mechanism of MrgD with heterotrimeric Gi-protein revealed by cryo-EM. Commun Biol 2022; 5:707. [PMID: 35840655 PMCID: PMC9287403 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MrgD, a member of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPR) family, has high basal activity for Gi activation. It recognizes endogenous ligands, such as β-alanine, and is involved in pain and itch signaling. The lack of a high-resolution structure for MrgD hinders our understanding of whether its activation is ligand-dependent or constitutive. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of the MrgD-Gi complex in the β-alanine-bound and apo states at 3.1 Å and 2.8 Å resolution, respectively. These structures show that β-alanine is bound to a shallow pocket at the extracellular domains. The extracellular half of the sixth transmembrane helix undergoes a significant movement and is tightly packed into the third transmembrane helix through hydrophobic residues, creating the active form. Our structures demonstrate a structural basis for the characteristic ligand recognition of MrgD. These findings provide a framework to guide drug designs targeting the MrgD receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Momoko Iida
- Division of Biological Science, School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoko Hiroaki
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBIC), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tanaka
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawamoto
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kato
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oshima
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute (CeSPI), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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58
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Silva MVBD, Sousa Júnior CPD, Silva HVCD, Santos VMD, Feijao FIM, Bernardino ADO, Melo JACRTD. Evaluation of the cardioprotective and antihypertensive effect of AVE 0991 in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:xxx. [PMID: 35830019 PMCID: PMC9574952 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vanessa Maria Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Nutrição - Vitória de Santo Antão (PE), Brazil
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59
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Lin H, Geurts F, Hassler L, Batlle D, Mirabito Colafella KM, Denton KM, Zhuo JL, Li XC, Ramkumar N, Koizumi M, Matsusaka T, Nishiyama A, Hoogduijn MJ, Hoorn EJ, Danser AHJ. Kidney Angiotensin in Cardiovascular Disease: Formation and Drug Targeting. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:462-505. [PMID: 35710133 PMCID: PMC9553117 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of local formation of angiotensin II in the kidney has changed over the last 10-15 years. Local synthesis of angiotensinogen in the proximal tubule has been proposed, combined with prorenin synthesis in the collecting duct. Binding of prorenin via the so-called (pro)renin receptor has been introduced, as well as megalin-mediated uptake of filtered plasma-derived renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. Moreover, angiotensin metabolites other than angiotensin II [notably angiotensin-(1-7)] exist, and angiotensins exert their effects via three different receptors, of which angiotensin II type 2 and Mas receptors are considered renoprotective, possibly in a sex-specific manner, whereas angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors are believed to be deleterious. Additionally, internalized angiotensin II may stimulate intracellular receptors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) not only generates angiotensin-(1-7) but also acts as coronavirus receptor. Multiple, if not all, cardiovascular diseases involve the kidney RAS, with renal AT1 receptors often being claimed to exert a crucial role. Urinary RAS component levels, depending on filtration, reabsorption, and local release, are believed to reflect renal RAS activity. Finally, both existing drugs (RAS inhibitors, cyclooxygenase inhibitors) and novel drugs (angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, soluble ACE2) affect renal angiotensin formation, thereby displaying cardiovascular efficacy. Particular in the case of the latter three, an important question is to what degree they induce renoprotection (e.g., in a renal RAS-dependent manner). This review provides a unifying view, explaining not only how kidney angiotensin formation occurs and how it is affected by drugs but also why drugs are renoprotective when altering the renal RAS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Angiotensin formation in the kidney is widely accepted but little understood, and multiple, often contrasting concepts have been put forward over the last two decades. This paper offers a unifying view, simultaneously explaining how existing and novel drugs exert renoprotection by interfering with kidney angiotensin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Frank Geurts
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Luise Hassler
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Kate M Denton
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Jia L Zhuo
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Xiao C Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Masahiro Koizumi
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
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Szewczykowski C, Mardin C, Lucio M, Wallukat G, Hoffmanns J, Schröder T, Raith F, Rogge L, Heltmann F, Moritz M, Beitlich L, Schottenhamml J, Herrmann M, Harrer T, Ganslmayer M, Kruse FE, Kräter M, Guck J, Lämmer R, Zenkel M, Gießl A, Hohberger B. Long COVID: Association of Functional Autoantibodies against G-Protein-Coupled Receptors with an Impaired Retinal Microcirculation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7209. [PMID: 35806214 PMCID: PMC9266742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID (LC) describes the clinical phenotype of symptoms after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnostic and therapeutic options are limited, as the pathomechanism of LC is elusive. As the number of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections was and is large, LC will be a challenge for the healthcare system. Previous studies revealed an impaired blood flow, the formation of microclots, and autoimmune mechanisms as potential factors in this complex interplay. Since functionally active autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs) were observed in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to correlate the appearance of GPCR-AAbs with capillary microcirculation. The seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs was measured by an established cardiomyocyte bioassay in 42 patients with LC and 6 controls. Retinal microcirculation was measured by OCT-angiography and quantified as macula and peripapillary vessel density (VD) by the Erlangen-Angio Tool. A statistical analysis yielded impaired VD in patients with LC compared to the controls, which was accentuated in female persons. A significant decrease in macula and peripapillary VD for AAbs targeting adrenergic β2-receptor, MAS-receptor angiotensin-II-type-1 receptor, and adrenergic α1-receptor were observed. The present study might suggest that a seropositivity of GPCR-AAbs can be linked to an impaired retinal capillary microcirculation, potentially mirroring the systemic microcirculation with consecutive clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Szewczykowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Christian Mardin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | | | - Jakob Hoffmanns
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Thora Schröder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Franziska Raith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Lennart Rogge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Felix Heltmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Michael Moritz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Lorenz Beitlich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Julia Schottenhamml
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.H.); (T.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marion Ganslmayer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Universität of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Friedrich E. Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Robert Lämmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.S.); (C.M.); (J.H.); (T.S.); (F.R.); (L.R.); (F.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (J.S.); (F.E.K.); (R.L.); (M.Z.); (A.G.)
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Gunarathne LS, Rajapaksha IG, Casey S, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Rajapaksha H, Trebicka J, Angus PW, Herath CB. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor type D antagonism improves portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2523-2537. [PMID: 35593203 PMCID: PMC9426402 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Splanchnic vasodilatation contributes to the development and aggravation of portal hypertension (PHT). We previously demonstrated that in cirrhosis, angiotensin‐ mediates splanchnic vasodilatation through the Mas receptor (MasR). In this study, we investigated whether the recently characterized second receptor for angiotensin‐(1–7), Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor type D (MrgD), contributes to splanchnic vasodilatation in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic PHT. Splanchnic vascular hemodynamic and portal pressure were determined in two rat models of cirrhotic PHT and a rat model with noncirrhotic PHT, treated with either MrgD blocker D‐Pro7‐Ang‐(1‐7) (D‐Pro) or MasR blocker A779. Gene and protein expression of MrgD and MasR were measured in splanchnic vessels and livers of cirrhotic and healthy rats and in patients with cirrhosis and healthy subjects. Mesenteric resistance vessels isolated from cirrhotic rats were used in myographs to study their vasodilatory properties. MrgD was up‐regulated in cirrhotic splanchnic vessels but not in the liver. In cirrhotic rats, treatment with D‐Pro but not A779 completely restored splanchnic vascular resistance to a healthy level, resulting in a 33% reduction in portal pressure. Mesenteric vessels pretreated with D‐Pro but not with A779 failed to relax in response to acetylcholine. There was no splanchnic vascular MrgD or MasR up‐regulation in noncirrhotic PHT; thus, receptor blockers had no effect on splanchnic hemodynamics. Conclusion: MrgD plays a major role in the development of cirrhotic PHT and is a promising target for the development of novel therapies to treat PHT in cirrhosis. Moreover, neither MrgD nor MasR contributes to noncirrhotic PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmie S Gunarathne
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Indu G Rajapaksha
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Casey
- Liver Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter W Angus
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chandana B Herath
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Victoria, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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62
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Correa BHM, Becari L, Peliky Fontes MA, Simões-e-Silva AC, Kangussu LM. Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1212-1228. [PMID: 34554902 PMCID: PMC9886820 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210719142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown important roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that nonclassical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT2 and AT4, can also be involved in stress. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In general, activation of the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available since they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo H. M. Correa
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Luca Becari
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics - Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Tel: (+55-31) 3409-2772; E-mail:
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63
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An ACE2-Alamandine Axis Modulates the Cardiac Performance of the Goldfish Carassius auratus via the NOS/NO System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040764. [PMID: 35453449 PMCID: PMC9026556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alamandine is a peptide of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), either generated from Angiotensin A via the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), or directly from Ang-(1-7). In mammals, it elicits cardioprotection via Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD), and the NOS/NO system. In teleost fish, RAS is known to modulate heart performance. However, no information is available on the presence of a cardioactive ACE2/Alamandine axis. To fill this gap, we used the cyprinid teleost Carassius auratus (goldfish) for in silico and in vitro analyses. Via the NCBI Blast P suite we found that in cyprinids ace2 is phylogenetically detectable in a subcluster of proteins including ace2-like isoforms, and is correlated with a hypoxia-dependent pathway. By real-time PCR, Western Blotting, and HPLC, ACE2 and Alamandine were identified in goldfish heart and plasma, respectively. Both increased after chronic exposure to low O2 (2.6 mg O2 L-1). By using an ex-vivo working goldfish-heart preparation, we observed that in vitro administration of exogenous Alamandine dose-dependently stimulates myocardial contractility starting from 10-11 M. The effect that involved Mas-related receptors and PKA occurred via the NOS/NO system. This was shown by exposing the perfused heart to the NOS inhibitor L-NMMA (10-5 M) that abolished the cardiac effect of Alamandine and was supported by the increased expression of the phosphorylated NOS enzyme in the extract from goldfish heart exposed to 10-10 M Alamandine. Our data are the first to show that an ACE2/Alamandine axis is present in the goldfish C. auratus and, to elicit cardiac modulation, requires the obligatory involvement of the NOS/NO system.
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Bouchenaki H, Bernard A, Bessaguet F, Frachet S, Richard L, Sturtz F, Magy L, Bourthoumieu S, Demiot C, Danigo A. Neuroprotective Effect of Ramipril Is Mediated by AT2 in a Mouse MODEL of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040848. [PMID: 35456682 PMCID: PMC9030366 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) induces numerous symptoms affecting patient quality of life, leading to decreased doses or even to cessation of anticancer therapy. Previous studies have reported that a widely used drug, ramipril, improves neuroprotection in several rodent models of peripheral neuropathy. The protective role of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) in the central and peripheral nervous systems is well-established. Here, we evaluate the effects of ramipril in the prevention of PIPN and the involvement of AT2 in this effect. Paclitaxel was administered in wild type or AT2-deficient mice on alternate days for 8 days, at a cumulative dose of 8 mg/kg (2 mg/kg per injection). Ramipril, PD123319 (an AT2 antagonist), or a combination of both were administered one day before PTX administration, and daily for the next twenty days. PTX-administered mice developed mechanical allodynia and showed a loss of sensory nerve fibers. Ramipril prevented the functional and morphological alterations in PTX mice. The preventive effect of ramipril against tactile allodynia was completely absent in AT2-deficient mice and was counteracted by PD123319 administration in wild type mice. Our work highlights the potential of ramipril as a novel preventive treatment for PIPN, and points to the involvement of AT2 in the neuroprotective role of ramipril in PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Bouchenaki
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Amandine Bernard
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Flavien Bessaguet
- INSERM 1083 CNRS UMR 6015 Mitovasc Laboratory, CarMe Team, University of Angers, 49045 Angers, France;
| | - Simon Frachet
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Sylvie Bourthoumieu
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Cytogenetic, Medical Genetic and Reproduction Biology, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Claire Demiot
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5554-35915
| | - Aurore Danigo
- UR 20218-NeurIT, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France; (H.B.); (A.B.); (S.F.); (L.R.); (F.S.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (A.D.)
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Synthesis of alamandine glycoside analogs as new drug candidates to antagonize the MrgD receptor for pain relief. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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66
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Ferrario CM, Groban L, Wang H, Sun X, VonCannon JL, Wright KN, Ahmad S. The renin–angiotensin system biomolecular cascade: a 2022 update of newer insights and concepts. Kidney Int Suppl (2011) 2022; 12:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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67
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Sawada H, Lu HS, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Twenty Years of Studying AngII (Angiotensin II)-Induced Abdominal Aortic Pathologies in Mice: Continuing Questions and Challenges to Provide Insight Into the Human Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:277-288. [PMID: 35045728 PMCID: PMC8866209 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AngII (angiotensin II) infusion in mice has been used to provide mechanistic insight into human abdominal aortic aneurysms for over 2 decades. This is a technically facile animal model that recapitulates multiple facets of the human disease. Although numerous publications have reported abdominal aortic aneurysms with AngII infusion in mice, there remain many fundamental unanswered questions such as uniformity of describing the pathological characteristics and which cell type is stimulated by AngII to promote abdominal aortic aneurysms. Extrapolation of the findings to provide insight into the human disease has been hindered by the preponderance of studies designed to determine the effects on initiation of abdominal aortic aneurysms, rather than a more clinically relevant scenario of determining efficacy on the established disease. The purpose of this review is to enhance understanding of AngII-induced abdominal aortic pathologies in mice, thereby providing greater insight into the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Balakumar P, Handa S, Alqahtani A, Alqahtani T, Khan NA, LakshmiRaj RS, Thangathirupathi A, Sundram K, Shenoy V. Unraveling the Differentially Articulated Axes of the Century-Old Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Potential Therapeutic Implications. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:246-253. [PMID: 35143015 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09724-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Among numerous choices in cardiovascular therapies used for the management of hypertension and heart failure, drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) hold substantial therapeutic roles. Therapies aimed at modifying the RAAS and its overactivation are employed for the management of various insidious disorders. In the pharmacologic perspective, RAAS is one of the frequently manipulated systems for the management of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and renal disease. The RAAS pharmacologic interventions principally include the ACE inhibitors, the angiotensin II-AT1 receptor blockers, the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and the direct renin inhibitors. In addition, therapeutic implication of ACE2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor activation using various ligands is being explored owing to their anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, vasodilatory, and cardiovascular defensive roles. Moreover, being considered as the counter-regulatory arm of AT1 receptor, the potential role of AT2 receptor activation using selective AT2 receptor agonist is currently investigated for its efficacy in pulmonary complications. As an important regulator of fluid volume, blood pressure, and cardiovascular-renal function, the RAAS has been documented as a diversified intricate system with several therapeutic possibilities coupled with their fundamental structural and functional modulatory roles in cardiovascular, renal, and other systems. The RAAS possesses a number of regulatory, deregulatory, and counter-regulatory axes of physiopathologic importance in health and disease. The counter-regulatory arms of the RAAS might play an essential role in mitigating cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary pathologies. In light of this background, we sought to explore the classical and counter-regulatory axes/arms of the RAAS and their imperative roles in physiologic functions and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624005, India.
| | | | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, 62529, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, 62529, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, 62529, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R Sulochana LakshmiRaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624005, India
| | - A Thangathirupathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, 624005, India
| | - Karupiah Sundram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Malaysia
| | - Vinayak Shenoy
- College of Pharmacy, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, CA, 93612, USA
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69
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Gonçalves SC, Bassi BL, Kangussu LM, Alves DT, Ramos LK, Fernandes LF, Alves MT, Sinisterra R, Bruch GE, Santos RA, Massensini AR, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Alamandine Induces Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke Models. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:3483-3498. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220204145730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:
Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability, characterized by neuronal death, can be induced by a reduction or interruption of blood flow. In this study, the role of Alamandine, a new peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, was evaluated in in-vitro and in-vivo brain ischemia models.
Method:
In the in-vitro model, hippocampal slices from male C57/Bl6 mice were placed in a glucose-free aCSF solution and bubbled with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 to mimic brain ischemia. An Alamandine concentration-response curve was generated to evaluate cell damage, glutamatergic excitotoxicity, and cell death. In the in-vivo model, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced by bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (BCCAo-untreated) in SD rats. An intracerebroventricular injection of Alamandine was given 20–30 min before BCCAo. Animals were subjected to neurological tests 24 h and 72 h after BCCAo. Cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and immunofluorescence were assessed in the brain 72 h after BCCAo.
Results:
Alamandine was able to protect brain slices from cellular damage, excitotoxicity and cell death. When the Alamandine receptor was blocked, protective effects were lost. ICV injection of Alamandine attenuated neurological deficits of animals subjected to BCCAo and reduced the number of apoptotic neurons/cells. Furthermore, Alamandine induced anti-inflammatory effects in BCCAo animals as shown by reductions in TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and antioxidant effects through attenuation of the decreased SOD, catalase, and GSH activities in the brain.
Conclusion:
This study showed, for the first time, a neuroprotective role for Alamandine in different ischemic stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisele E. Bruch
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics
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Alamandine alleviates hypertension and renal damage via oxidative-stress attenuation in Dahl rats. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 35022384 PMCID: PMC8755846 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alamandine (Ala) is a novel member of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) family. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Ala on hypertension and renal damage of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats high-salt diet-induced, and the mechanisms of Ala on renal-damage alleviation. Dahl rats were fed with high-salt diets to induce hypertension and renal damage in vivo, and HK-2 cells were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl) to induce renal injury in vitro. Ala administration alleviated the high-salt diet-induced hypertension, renal dysfunction, and renal fibrosis and apoptosis in Dahl SS rats. The HK-2 cells' damage, and the increases in the levels of cleaved (c)-caspase3, c-caspase8, and c-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) induced by NaCl were inhibited by Ala. Ala attenuated the NaCl-induced oxidative stress in the kidney and HK-2 cells. DETC, an inhibitor of SOD, reversed the inhibitory effect of Ala on the apoptosis of HK-2 cells induced by NaCl. The NaCl-induced increase in the PKC level was suppressed by Ala in HK-2 cells. Notably, PKC overexpression reversed the moderating effects of Ala on the NaCl-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells. These results show that Ala alleviates high-salt diet-induced hypertension and renal dysfunction. Ala attenuates the renal damage via inhibiting the PKC/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the apoptosis in renal tubular cells.
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Sukumaran V, Gurusamy N, Yalcin HC, Venkatesh S. Understanding diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy from the perspective of renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:63-81. [PMID: 34967935 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiovascular dysfunction, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which could be an autonomous disease independent of concomitant micro and macrovascular disorders. DCM is one of the prominent causes of global morbidity and mortality and is on a rising trend with the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). DCM is characterized by an early left ventricle diastolic dysfunction associated with the slow progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy leading to heart failure, which still has no effective therapy. Although the well-known "Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)" inhibition is considered a gold-standard treatment in heart failure, its role in DCM is still unclear. At the cellular level of DCM, RAAS induces various secondary mechanisms, adding complications to poor prognosis and treatment of DCM. This review highlights the importance of RAAS signaling and its major secondary mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy, their role in establishing DCM. In addition, studies lacking in the specific area of DCM are also highlighted. Therefore, understanding the complex role of RAAS in DCM may lead to the identification of better prognosis and therapeutic strategies in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Al-Tarfa, 2371, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Arora R, Van Theemsche KM, Van Remoortel S, Snyders DJ, Labro AJ, Timmermans JP. Constitutive, Basal, and β-Alanine-Mediated Activation of the Human Mas-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor D Induces Release of the Inflammatory Cytokine IL-6 and Is Dependent on NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413254. [PMID: 34948051 PMCID: PMC8703779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as key players in regulating (patho)physiological processes, including inflammation. Members of the Mas-related G protein coupled receptors (MRGPRs), a subfamily of GPCRs, are largely expressed by sensory neurons and known to modulate itch and pain. Several members of MRGPRs are also expressed in mast cells, macrophages, and in cardiovascular tissue, linking them to pseudo-allergic drug reactions and suggesting a pivotal role in the cardiovascular system. However, involvement of the human Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor D (MRGPRD) in the regulation of the inflammatory mediator interleukin 6 (IL-6) has not been demonstrated to date. By stimulating human MRGPRD-expressing HeLa cells with the agonist β-alanine, we observed a release of IL-6. β-alanine-induced signaling through MRGPRD was investigated further by probing downstream signaling effectors along the Gαq/Phospholipase C (PLC) pathway, which results in an IkB kinases (IKK)-mediated canonical activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and stimulation of IL-6 release. This IL-6 release could be blocked by a Gαq inhibitor (YM-254890), an IKK complex inhibitor (IKK-16), and partly by a PLC inhibitor (U-73122). Additionally, we investigated the constitutive (ligand-independent) and basal activity of MRGPRD and concluded that the observed basal activity of MRGPRD is dependent on the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the culture medium. Consequently, the dynamic range for IL-6 detection as an assay for β-alanine-mediated activation of MRGPRD is substantially increased by culturing the cells in FBS free medium before treatment. Overall, the observation that MRGPRD mediates the release of IL-6 in an in vitro system, hints at a role as an inflammatory mediator and supports the notion that IL-6 can be used as a marker for MRGPRD activation in an in vitro drug screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Arora
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (R.A.); (S.V.R.)
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Kenny M. Van Theemsche
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Samuel Van Remoortel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (R.A.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Dirk J. Snyders
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
| | - Alain J. Labro
- Laboratory for Molecular, Cellular and Network Excitability, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.M.V.T.); (D.J.S.)
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.); (J.-P.T.); Tel.: +32-9-3320034 (A.J.L.); +32-3-2653327 (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (R.A.); (S.V.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.L.); (J.-P.T.); Tel.: +32-9-3320034 (A.J.L.); +32-3-2653327 (J.-P.T.)
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Alamandine: Potential Protective Effects in SARS-CoV-2 Patients. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:6824259. [PMID: 34853605 PMCID: PMC8592730 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6824259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can occur due to contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has no confined treatment and, consequently, has high hospitalization and mortality rates. Moreover, people who contract COVID-19 present systemic inflammatory spillover. It is now known that COVID-19 pathogenesis is linked to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). COVID-19 invades host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor—as such, an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19 increases alongside the upregulation of this receptor. COVID-19 has also been associated with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, which leads to acute respiratory distress, cardiomyopathy, and shock. These outcomes are thought to result from imbalances in angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7)/alamandine activity. ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and alamandine have potent anti-inflammatory properties, and some SARS-CoV-2 patients exhibit high levels of ACE2 and Ang-(1-7). This phenomenon could indicate a failing physiological response to prevent or reduce the severity of inflammation-mediated pulmonary injuries. Alamandine, which is another protective component of the RAS, has several health benefits owing to its antithrombogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic characteristics. Alamandine alleviates pulmonary fibrosis via the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD). Thus, a better understanding of this pathway could uncover novel pharmacological strategies for altering proinflammatory environments within the body. Following such strategies could inhibit fibrosis after SARS-CoV-2 infection and, consequently, prevent COVID-19.
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Hu W, Gao W, Miao J, Xu Z, Sun L. Alamandine, a derivative of angiotensin-(1-7), alleviates sepsis-associated renal inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Ak and MAPK pathways. Peptides 2021; 146:170627. [PMID: 34400214 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a frequent cause of kidney injury. The present study investigated whether Alamandine (Ala) could alleviate sepsis-associated renal injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis. In addition, we investigated downstream signaling pathways modulated by Ala. Studies were performed in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in the human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. The increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cystatin C and Fg, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 in the kidneys of mice treated with LPS were reduced after administration of Ala. Exposure to LPS increased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in mice and HK-2 cells, but were reduced after Ala treatment. Furthermore, increased levels of cleaved caspase 3, cleaved caspase 7, cleaved caspase 9, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Bax and reduced levels of Bcl2 in LPS-treated mice and HK-2 cells were reversed after Ala administration. In addition, LPS increased the levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK, p-p38/p38 and p-FoxO1 in HK-2 cells, and all were reversed after Ala administration. These results indicate that Ala could improve renal function and inhibit inflammation and apoptosis in LPS induced sepsis mouse models. We demonstrated that Ala attenuated LPS induced sepsis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wenchuang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lian Shui People's Hospital, Huaian, China
| | - Jiayi Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China.
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Crosstalk between the renin-angiotensin, complement and kallikrein-kinin systems in inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 22:411-428. [PMID: 34759348 PMCID: PMC8579187 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During severe inflammatory and infectious diseases, various mediators modulate the equilibrium of vascular tone, inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis. This Review describes the interactive roles of the renin–angiotensin system, the complement system, and the closely linked kallikrein–kinin and contact systems in cell biological functions such as vascular tone and leakage, inflammation, chemotaxis, thrombosis and cell proliferation. Specific attention is given to the role of these systems in systemic inflammation in the vasculature and tissues during hereditary angioedema, cardiovascular and renal glomerular disease, vasculitides and COVID-19. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these complex interactions, given that modulation of one system may affect the other systems, with beneficial or deleterious consequences. The renin–angiotensin, complement and kallikrein–kinin systems comprise a multitude of mediators that modulate physiological responses during inflammatory and infectious diseases. This Review investigates the complex interactions between these systems and how these are dysregulated in various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19, as well as their therapeutic implications.
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Xu M, Li J, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wan F, Tang Z, Lan L. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D is involved in modulation of murine gastrointestinal motility. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2502-2516. [PMID: 34647371 DOI: 10.1113/ep089958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The physiological function of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgprD) in gastrointestinal motility is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of MrgprD and its receptor agonists on murine gastrointestinal motility. What is the main finding and its importance? Mrgprd deficiency improved murine gastrointestinal motility in vivo but had no effects on the spontaneous contractions of murine intestinal rings ex vivo. Systemic administration of the MrgprD ligand, either β-alanine or alamandine, delayed gastrointestinal transit in vivo and attenuated the spontaneous contractions of isolated intestinal rings ex vivo. ABSTRACT Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgprD) was first identified in sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglion and has been demonstrated to be involved in sensations of pain and itch. Although expression of MrgprD has recently been found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, its physiological role in GI motility is unknown. To address this question, we used Mrgprd knockout (Mrgprd-/- ) mice and MrgprD agonists to examine the effects of Mrgprd gene deletion and MrgprD signalling activation, respectively, on murine intestinal motility, both in vivo and ex vivo. We observed that the deletion of Mrgprd accelerated the transmission of charcoal through the mouse GI tract. But Mrgprd deficiency did not affect the mean amplitudes and frequencies of spontaneous contractions in ileum ex vivo. Colonic motor complexes in the proximal and the distal colon were recorded from wild-type and Mrgprd-/- mice, but their control frequencies were not different. Moreover, in wild-type mice, systemic administration of an MrgprD agonist, either β-alanine or alamandine, delayed GI transit in vivo and suppressed spontaneous contractions in the ileum and colonic motor complexes in the colon ex vivo. Our results suggest that MrgprD and its agonist are involved in the modulation of GI motility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhudi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Lan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Zhu J, Qiu JG, Xu WT, Ma HX, Jiang K. Alamandine protects against renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats via inhibiting oxidative stress. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1491-1502. [PMID: 34244746 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to determine whether alamandine (Ala) could reduce ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury of kidney in rats. METHODS Renal I/R was induced by an occlusion of bilateral renal arteries for 70 min and a 24-h reperfusion in vivo, and rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells NRK52E were exposed to 24 h of hypoxia and followed by 3-h reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro. RESULTS The elevated serum creatinine (Cr), blood cystatin C (CysC) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in I/R rats were inhibited by Ala treatment. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and Bax were increased, and Bcl2 was reduced in the kidney of I/R rats, which were reversed by Ala administration. Ala reversed the increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and Bax and the decrease of Bcl2 in the H/R NRK52E cells. Ala could also inhibit the increase of oxidative stress levels in the kidney of I/R rats. NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) overexpression reversed the improving effects of Ala on renal function, inflammation and apoptosis of I/R rats. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Ala could improve renal function, attenuate inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney of I/R rats via inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Qiu
- Department of Urology, Lianshui People's Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Wei-Tao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zaozhuang Mining Group Central Hospital, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Ma
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Liyang, Changzhou, China
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Xu H, An X, Tian J, Fu M, Wang Q, Li C, He X, Niu L. Angiotensin-(1-7) protects against sepsis-associated left ventricular dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide. Peptides 2021; 144:170612. [PMID: 34298021 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a major cause of death. The present study explored whether angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), an important biologically active peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, could improve cardiac dysfunction and attenuate inflammation and apoptosis. Experiments were carried out in mice and in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Ang-(1-7). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor (MasR) expressions were reduced in the mouse left ventricular and NRCM treated with LPS. Ang-(1-7) increased the ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricular, which were reduced upon LPS injection in mice. Ang-(1-7) pre-treatment reversed LPS-induced decreases of α-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and β-MHC, and increases of S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8) and S100A9 in the mouse left ventricular. The LPS-induced increases of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the mouse left ventricular and NRCMs were inhibited by Ang-(1-7) administration. Ang-(1-7) treatment reversed the increases of cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 8 and Bax, and the decrease of Bcl2 induced by LPS in the mouse left ventricular and NRCMs. The increases of MAPKs pathway induced by LPS in NRCMs were inhibited by Ang-(1-7). These results indicate that Ang-(1-7) protects against sepsis-associated left ventricular dysfunction induced by LPS, and increases cardiac contractility via attenuating inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinjiang An
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiuhua He
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ling Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Gregório JF, Magalhães GS, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Gonzaga KER, Motta-Santos D, Cassini-Vieira P, Barcelos LS, Vieira MAR, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor modulates anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Life Sci 2021; 282:119792. [PMID: 34229006 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training increases circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], which was shown to attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in different diseases. Here, we evaluated whether Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor is involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic training in a chronic model of asthma. MATERIAL AND METHODS BALB/c mice were subjected to a protocol of asthma induced by ovalbumin sensitization (OVA; 4 i.p. injections) and OVA challenge (3 times/week for 4 weeks). Simultaneously to the challenge period, part of the animals was continuously treated with Mas receptor antagonist (A779, 1 μg/h; for 28 days) and trained in a treadmill (TRE; 60% of the maximal capacity, 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 4 weeks). PGC1-α mRNA expression (qRT-PCR), plasma IgE and lung cytokines (ELISA), inflammatory cells infiltration (enzymatic activity assay) and airway remodeling (by histology) were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Blocking the Mas receptor with A779 increased IgE and IL-13 levels and prevented the reduction in extracellular matrix deposition in airways in OVA-TRE mice. Mas receptor blockade prevented the reduction of myeloperoxidase activity, as well as, prevented exercise-induced IL-10 increase. These data show that activation of Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of aerobic training in an experimental model of chronic asthma. SIGNIFICANCE Our results support exercise training as a non-pharmacological tool to defeat lung remodeling induced by chronic pulmonary inflammation. Further, our result also supports development of new therapy based on Ang-(1-7) or Mas agonists as important tool for asthma treatment in those patients that cannot perform aerobic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Fabiana Gregório
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giselle Santos Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Healthy Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kézia Emanoeli Ramos Gonzaga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Healthy Sciences of Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Sports Department, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Puebla Cassini-Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics (INCT-Nanobiofar), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Marins FR, Oliveira AC, Qadri F, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Fontes MAP, Santos RAS. Alamandine but not angiotensin-(1-7) produces cardiovascular effects at the rostral insular cortex. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R513-R521. [PMID: 34346721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00308.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments aimed to evaluate the tissue distribution of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD) revealed the presence of immunoreactivity for the MrgD protein in the rostral insular cortex (rIC), an important area for autonomic and cardiovascular control. To investigate the relevance of this finding, we evaluated the cardiovascular effects produced by the endogenous ligand of MrgD, alamandine, in this brain region. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in urethane anesthetized rats. Unilateral microinjection of equimolar doses of alamandine (40 pmol/100 nL), angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II, angiotensin A, and Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro7-Ang-1-7 (50 pmol/100 nL), Mas antagonist A779 (100 pmol/100 nL), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) were made in different rats (n = 4-6/group) into rIC. To verify the specificity of the region, a microinjection of alamandine was also performed into intermediate insular cortex (iIC). Microinjection of alamandine in rIC produced an increase in MAP (Δ = 15 ± 2 mmHg), HR (Δ = 36 ± 4 beats/min), and RSNA (Δ = 31 ± 4%), but was without effects at iIC. Strikingly, an equimolar dose of angiotensin-(1-7) at rIC did not produce any change in MAP, HR, and RSNA. Angiotensin II and angiotensin A produced only minor effects. Alamandine effects were not altered by A-779, a Mas antagonist, but were completely blocked by the Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro7-Ang-(1-7). Therefore, we have identified a brain region in which alamandine/MrgD receptor but not angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas could be involved in the modulation of cardiovascular-related neuronal activity. This observation also suggests that alamandine might possess unique effects unrelated to angiotensin-(1-7) in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Valenzuela R, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Costa-Besada MA, Rivas-Santisteban R, Garrido-Gil P, Lopez-Lopez A, Navarro G, Lanciego JL, Franco R, Labandeira-Garcia JL. An ACE2/Mas-related receptor MrgE axis in dopaminergic neuron mitochondria. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102078. [PMID: 34333284 PMCID: PMC8346680 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ACE2 plays a pivotal role in the balance between the pro-oxidative pro-inflammatory and the anti-oxidative anti-inflammatory arms of the renin-angiotensin system. Furthermore, ACE2 is the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Clarification of ACE2-related mechanisms is crucial for the understanding of COVID-19 and other oxidative stress and inflammation-related processes. In rat and monkey brain, we discovered that the intracellular ACE2 and its products Ang 1–7 and alamandine are highly concentrated in the mitochondria and bind to a new mitochondrial Mas-related receptor MrgE (MrgE) to produce nitric oxide. We found MrgE expressed in neurons and glia of rodents and primates in the substantia nigra and different brain regions. In the mitochondria, ACE2 and MrgE expressions decreased and NOX4 increased with aging. This new ACE2/MrgE/NO axis may play a major role in mitochondrial regulation of oxidative stress in neurons, and possibly other cells. Therefore, dysregulation of the mitochondrial ACE2/MrgE/NO axis may play a major role in neurodegenerative processes of dopaminergic neurons, where mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a crucial role. Since ACE2 binds SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the mitochondrial ACE2/MrgE/NO axis may also play a role in SARS-CoV-2 cellular effects. ACE2 products Ang1-7 and alamandine (Ala) highly concentrate in brain mitochondria. Ang1-7 and Ala bind to mitochondrial Mas-related receptor MrgE producing nitric oxide. ACE2/MrgE may play a major role in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Clarification of ACE2-related mechanisms is also crucial for understanding COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Valenzuela
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela; Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela; Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria A Costa-Besada
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela; Spain; Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido-Gil
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela; Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Andrea Lopez-Lopez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Neuroscience Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA, IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela; Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
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Assessment of Alamandine in Pulmonary Fibrosis and Respiratory Mechanics in Rodents. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 2021:9975315. [PMID: 34285714 PMCID: PMC8265028 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9975315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by an accelerated decline in pulmonary function and has limited treatment options. Alamandine (ALA) is a recently described protective peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with essential tasks in several conditions. Our group previously demonstrated that ALA is reduced by 365% in the plasma of patients with idiopathic PF, and thus, it is plausible to believe that stimulation of this peptide could represent an important therapeutic target. In this sense, this study investigates the effects of ALA in an experimental model of PF. Materials and Methods Bleomycin (BLM) was administrated in Wistar rats, and these fibrotic animals were treated with ALA for 14 days. Body weight, histology, respiratory, and hemodynamic parameters were analyzed to study the effects of ALA. Results ALA treatment attenuated the development of fibrosis (P < 0.0001), reduced respiratory system elastance (P < 0.0001), and preserved weight gain (P < 0.0001) in fibrotic animals without affecting the autonomic control of blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusion The data from this study demonstrate the potential of ALA to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis and improve respiratory system mechanics in vivo. The promising results encourage more detailed investigations of the potential of ALA as a future and efficient antifibrotic.
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Barati M, Jabbari M, Teymoori F, Farhadnejad H, Khalili-Moghadam S, Roshanravan N, Mosharkesh E, Kazemian E, Mirmiran P, Davoodi SH, Azizi F. Dairy-originated digestion-resistant and bioactive peptides increase the risk of hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1194-1204. [PMID: 34226677 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Milk-protein-derived bioactive peptides (BPs) have been proposed as modulators of different regulatory processes involved in blood pressure regulation. Studies on the long-term effects of BPs on blood pressure have not yet been conducted. We aimed to investigate the association of dairy-originated BPs with the risk of hypertension (HTN) in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Cohort Study (TLGS). In this cohort study, 4378 subjects with a mean follow-up period of 3.1 years were included in the final analysis. Dietary intake, physical activity, demographic, and anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements were obtained for all participants. Various types of dairy-originated BPs were determined by an in silico method. High intake of total digestion-resistant and bioactive peptides (OR: 1.31, CI 95%: 1.01-1.70), dipeptides (OR: 1.33, CI 95%: 1.03-1.73), peptides with more than seven residues (OR: 1.32, CI 95%: 1.01-1.71), glycosylated residues (OR: 1.39, CI 95%: 1.07-1.80), highly hydrophilic peptides (OR: 1.32, CI 95%: 1.01-1.71), and low hydrophobic peptides (OR: 1.32, CI 95%: 1.01-1.71) was associated with an increased risk of HTN in the adjusted model. In addition, subjects in the higher tertile of anti-HTN peptide (OR: 1.33, CI 95%: 1.02-1.72) and antidiabetic peptide (OR: 1.35, CI 95%: 1.04-1.76) intake had a higher risk of HTN than those in the lower tertile. No significant association emerged between calcium intake from dairy and incident risk of HTN. Our results showed that the intake of some forms of digestion-resistant and BPs, such as anti-HTN peptides, dipeptides, and peptides with more than seven residues, can increase the risk of HTN in the TLGS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Barati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Khalili-Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Mosharkesh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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84
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Rukavina Mikusic NL, Pineda AM, Gironacci MM. Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas receptor in the brain. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis. Besides its importance as regulator of the cardiovascular function, the RAS has also been associated to the modulation of higher brain functions, including cognition, memory, depression and anxiety. For many years, angiotensin II (Ang II) has been considered the major bioactive component of the RAS. However, the existence of many other biologically active RAS components has currently been recognized, with similar, opposite, or distinct effects to those exerted by Ang II. Today, it is considered that the RAS is primarily constituted by two opposite arms. The pressor arm is composed by Ang II and the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor (AT1R), which mediates the vasoconstrictor, proliferative, hypertensive, oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects of the RAS. The depressor arm is mainly composed by Ang-(1-7), its Mas receptor (MasR) which mediates the depressor, vasodilatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Ang-(1-7) and the AT2 receptor (AT2R), which opposes to the effects mediated by AT1R activation. Central Ang-(1-7) is implicated in the control of the cardiovascular function, thus participating in the regulation of blood pressure. Ang-(1-7) also exerts neuroprotective actions through MasR activation by opposing to the harmful effects of the Ang II/AT1R axis. This review is focused on the expression and regulation of the Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis in the brain, its main neuroprotective effects and the evidence regarding its involvement in the pathophysiology of several diseases at cardiovascular and neurological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Rukavina Mikusic
- Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica M. Pineda
- Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela M. Gironacci
- Dpto. Química Biológica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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85
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Soltani Hekmat A, Chenari A, Alipanah H, Javanmardi K. Protective effect of alamandine on doxorubicin‑induced nephrotoxicity in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:31. [PMID: 34049594 PMCID: PMC8164237 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of alamandine, a new member of the angiotensin family, against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (3.750 mg/kg/week) to reach a total cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg by day 35. Alamandine (50 µg/kg/day) was administered to the rats via mini-osmotic pumps for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, rats were placed in the metabolic cages for 24 h so that their water intake and urine output could be measured. After scarification, the rats' serum and kidney tissues were collected, and biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies were carried out. RESULTS DOX administration yielded increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, pro-fibrotic proteins transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear kappa B (NF-κB), kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and water intake. On the other hand, the DOX-treated group exhibited decreased renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), renal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and urinary output. Alamandine co-therapy decreased these effects, as confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that alamandine can prevent nephrotoxicity induced by DOX in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Soltani Hekmat
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ameneh Chenari
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hiva Alipanah
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran
| | - Kazem Javanmardi
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Ebn-E-Sina SQ, Fasa, Iran.
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86
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Djerada Z. Comparison of the effects of losartan, captopril, angiotensin II type 2 receptor agonist compound 21, and MAS receptor agonist AVE 0991 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion necrosis in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:667-668. [PMID: 34028896 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoubir Djerada
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, E.A.3801, SFR CAP-santé, Reims University Hospital, Reims Cedex, France
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87
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Hekmat AS, Navabi Z, Alipanah H, Javanmardi K. Alamandine significantly reduces doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1781-1795. [PMID: 33882726 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211010896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic. Despite its unwanted side effects, it has been successfully used in tumor therapy. Given that oxidative stress and inflammatory factors are essential to cardiotoxicity caused by DOX, we assumed that alamandine, which enhances endogenous antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory effects, may prevent DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Rats received DOX (3.75 mg/kg) i.p on days 14, 21, 28, and 35 (total cumulative dose = 15 mg/kg) and alamandine (50 μg/kg/day) via mini-osmotic pumps for 42 days. At the end of the 42-day period, we evaluated hemodynamic parameters, electrocardiogram, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), superoxidase dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, NF-κB), apoptosis markers (caspase 3), and histopathology of haemotoxylin- and eosin-stained cardiac muscle fibers were evaluated. DOX significantly increased QT, corrected QT (QTc), and RR intervals. Alamandine co-therapy prevented ECG changes. Alamandine administration restored DOX-induced disruptions in the cardiac muscle architecture and vascular congestion. Alamandine co-therapy also alleviated other effects of DOX, including cardiac contractility, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Moreover, alamandine co-therapy substantially decreased the elevation of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and caspase 3 in DOX-treated rats. The results suggest that alamandine reduced DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Soltani Hekmat
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Zahra Navabi
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hiva Alipanah
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Kazem Javanmardi
- Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Hmazzou R, Marc Y, Flahault A, Gerbier R, De Mota N, Llorens-Cortes C. Brain ACE2 activation following brain aminopeptidase A blockade by firibastat in salt-dependent hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:775-791. [PMID: 33683322 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, aminopeptidase A (APA), a membrane-bound zinc metalloprotease, generates angiotensin III from angiotensin II. Brain angiotensin III exerts a tonic stimulatory effect on the control of blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats and increases vasopressin release. Blocking brain angiotensin III formation by the APA inhibitor prodrug RB150/firibastat normalizes arterial BP in hypertensive deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats without inducing angiotensin II accumulation. We therefore hypothesized that another metabolic pathway of brain angiotensin II, such as the conversion of angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) might be activated following brain APA inhibition. We found that the intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of RB150/firibastat in conscious DOCA-salt rats both inhibited brain APA activity and induced an increase in brain ACE2 activity. Then, we showed that the decreases in BP and vasopressin release resulting from brain APA inhibition with RB150/firibastat were reduced if ACE2 was concomitantly inhibited by MLN4760, a potent ACE2 inhibitor, or if the Mas receptor (MasR) was blocked by A779, a MasR antagonist. Our findings suggest that in the brain, the increase in ACE2 activity resulting from APA inhibition by RB150/firibastat treatment, subsequently increasing Ang 1-7 and activating the MasR while blocking angiotensin III formation, contributes to the antihypertensive effect and the decrease in vasopressin release induced by RB150/firibastat. RB150/firibastat treatment constitutes an interesting therapeutic approach to improve BP control in hypertensive patients by inducing in the brain renin-angiotensin system, hyperactivity of the beneficial ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR axis while decreasing that of the deleterious APA/Ang II/Ang III/ATI receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Hmazzou
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75231 France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris F-75231 France
- Université René Descartes, "Ecole doctorale MTCI n°563", Paris F-75270, France
| | - Yannick Marc
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75231 France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris F-75231 France
- Quantum Genomics SA, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Adrien Flahault
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75231 France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris F-75231 France
- Université René Descartes, "Ecole doctorale MTCI n°563", Paris F-75270, France
| | - Romain Gerbier
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75231 France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris F-75231 France
| | - Nadia De Mota
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75231 France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris F-75231 France
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75231 France
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Paris F-75231 France
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Kriszta G, Kriszta Z, Váncsa S, Hegyi PJ, Frim L, Erőss B, Hegyi P, Pethő G, Pintér E. Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Levels: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Animal Studies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:619524. [PMID: 33762942 PMCID: PMC7982393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.619524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused the outbreak escalated to pandemic. Reports suggested that near 1-3% of COVID-19 cases have a fatal outcome. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely used in hypertension, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. These drugs have been reported to upregulate angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which produces Ang (1-7), the main counter-regulatory mediator of angiotensin II. This enzyme is also known as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 promoting the cellular uptake of the virus in the airways, however, ACE2 itself proved to be protective in several experimental models of lung injury. The present study aimed to systematically review the relationship between ACEI/ARB administration and ACE2 expression in experimental models. After a comprehensive search and selection, 27 animal studies investigating ACE2 expression in the context of ACEI and ARB were identified. The majority of these papers reported increased ACE2 levels in response to ACEI/ARB treatment. This result should be interpreted in the light of the dual role of ACE2 being a promoter of viral entry to cells and a protective factor against oxidative damage in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kriszta
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kriszta
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Váncsa
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Jenő Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Levente Frim
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pethő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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90
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Gómez-Mendoza DP, Lara-Ribeiro AC, Verano-Braga T. Pathological cardiac remodeling seen by the eyes of proteomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140622. [PMID: 33607275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling involves cellular and structural changes that occur as consequence of multifactorial events to maintain the homeostasis. The progression of pathological cardiac remodeling involves a transition from adaptive to maladaptive changes that eventually leads to impairment of ventricular function and heart failure. In this scenario, proteins are key elements that orchestrate molecular events as increased expression of fetal genes, neurohormonal and second messengers' activation, contractile dysfunction, rearrangement of the extracellular matrix and alterations in heart geometry. Mass spectrometry based-proteomics has emerged as a sound method to study protein dysregulation and identification of cardiac diseases biomarkers in plasma. In this review, we summarize the main findings related to large-scale proteome modulation of cardiac cells and extracellular matrix occurred during pathological cardiac remodeling. We describe the recent proteomic progresses in the selection of protein targets and introduce the renin-angiotensin system as an interesting target for the treatment of pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paola Gómez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lara-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
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91
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Serhan N, Cenac N, Basso L, Gaudenzio N. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) - Key regulators of neuroimmune interactions. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135724. [PMID: 33600909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interplay between physiological systems in the body plays a prominent role in health and disease. At the cellular level, such interplay is orchestrated through the binding of specific ligands to their receptors expressed on cell surface. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are seven-transmembrane domain receptors that initiate various cellular responses and regulate homeostasis. In this review, we focus on particular GPCRs named Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) mainly expressed by sensory neurons and specialized immune cells. We describe the different subfamilies of Mrgprs and their specific ligands, as well as recent advances in the field that illustrate the role played by these receptors in neuro-immune biological processes, including itch, pain and inflammation in diverse organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Serhan
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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92
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ACE2 and energy metabolism: the connection between COVID-19 and chronic metabolic disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:535-554. [PMID: 33533405 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has currently attracted increasing attention due to its potential function in regulating energy homeostasis, other than the actions on cellular growth, blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. The existence of RAS is well established in metabolic organs, including pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, where activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - angiotensin II pathway contributes to the impairment of insulin secretion, glucose transport, fat distribution, and adipokines production. However, the activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - angiotensin (1-7) pathway, a novel branch of the RAS, plays an opposite role in the ACE pathway, which could reverse these consequences by improving local microcirculation, inflammation, stress state, structure remolding, and insulin signaling pathway. In addition, new studies indicate the protective RAS arm possesses extraordinary ability to enhance brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and induces browning of white adipose tissue, and consequently, it leads to increased energy expenditure in the form of heat instead of ATP synthesis. Interestingly, ACE2 is the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is threating public health worldwide. The main complications of SARS-CoV-2 infected death patients include many energy metabolism-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes. The specific mechanism leading to this phenomenon is largely unknown. Here, we summarize the latest pharmacological and genetic tools on regulating ACE/ACE2 balance and highlight the beneficial effects of the ACE2 pathway axis hyperactivity on glycolipid metabolism, as well as the thermogenic modulation.
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93
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Update on New Aspects of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Hepatic Fibrosis and Portal Hypertension: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Options. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040702. [PMID: 33670126 PMCID: PMC7916881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable experimental evidence that the renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in both hepatic fibrogenesis and portal hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme of the classical RAS, converts angiotensin I (Ang I) to angiotensin II (Ang II), which acts via the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) to stimulate hepatic fibrosis and increase intrahepatic vascular tone and portal pressure. Inhibitors of the classical RAS, drugs which are widely used in clinical practice in patients with hypertension, have been shown to inhibit liver fibrosis in animal models but their efficacy in human liver disease is yet to be tested in adequately powered clinical trials. Small trials in cirrhotic patients have demonstrated that these drugs may lower portal pressure but produce off-target complications such as systemic hypotension and renal failure. More recently, the alternate RAS, comprising its key enzyme, ACE2, the effector peptide angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) which mediates its effects via the putative receptor Mas (MasR), has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. This system is activated in both preclinical animal models and human chronic liver disease and it is now well established that the alternate RAS counter-regulates many of the deleterious effects of the ACE-dependent classical RAS. Work from our laboratory has demonstrated that liver-specific ACE2 overexpression reduces hepatic fibrosis and liver perfusion pressure without producing off-target effects. In addition, recent studies suggest that the blockers of the receptors of alternate RAS, such as the MasR and Mas related G protein-coupled receptor type-D (MrgD), increase splanchnic vascular resistance in cirrhotic animals, and thus drugs targeting the alternate RAS may be useful in the treatment of portal hypertension. This review outlines the role of the RAS in liver fibrosis and portal hypertension with a special emphasis on the possible new therapeutic approaches targeting the ACE2-driven alternate RAS.
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94
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Leão NM, Silva Borges BR, Verano-Braga T, Morais JP, Souza Santos RA, Ferreira Soares DC. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with alamandine as a potential new therapy against cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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95
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Liu Q, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Huang W, Hong Q, Meng Y. Alamandine via MrgD receptor attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via NOX4 and autophagy pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:885-893. [PMID: 33517849 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alamandine (ALA) and its receptor MrgD were recently identified as components of the renin-angiotensin system, which confer protection against cardio-fibrosis and renal-fibrosis; however, the effects of ALA on pulmonary fibrosis are unknown. This study was designed to serve two goals: (i) to evaluate the ALA/MrgD axis ability in the prevention of angiotensin II (Ang II) - induced pulmonary fibrosis in fibroblasts, and (ii) to determine the effect of ALA in bleomycin (BLM) - treated C57B/6 mice. In vivo experiments revealed that the treatment of C57B/6 mice with ALA prevented BLM-induced fibrosis, and these findings were similar to those reported for pirfenidone. The antifibrosis actions of ALA were mediated via alleviation of oxidative injury and autophagy induction. In addition, in vitro studies revealed that ALA treatment attenuated Ang II-induced α-collagen I, CTGF, and α-SMA production in fibroblast which was blocked by D-Pro7-Ang-(1-7), a MrgD antagonist. This led to alleviation of oxidative injury and induction of autophagy similar to that reported for rapamycin. This study demonstrated that ALA via MrgD receptor reduced pulmonary fibrosis through attenuation of oxidative injury and induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Liu
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Bojun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaohui Hong
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Qaradakhi T, Ali B, Zulli A, Apostolopoulos V. Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:992. [PMID: 33498183 PMCID: PMC7863934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVD-19), represents a catastrophic threat to global health. Protruding from the viral surface is a densely glycosylated spike (S) protein, which engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to mediate host cell entry. However, studies have reported viral susceptibility in intra- and extrapulmonary immune and non-immune cells lacking ACE2, suggesting that the S protein may exploit additional receptors for infection. Studies have demonstrated interactions between S protein and innate immune system, including C-lectin type receptors (CLR), toll-like receptors (TLR) and neuropilin-1 (NRP1), and the non-immune receptor glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Recognition of carbohydrate moieties clustered on the surface of the S protein may drive receptor-dependent internalization, accentuate severe immunopathological inflammation, and allow for systemic spread of infection, independent of ACE2. Furthermore, targeting TLRs, CLRs, and other receptors (Ezrin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4) that do not directly engage SARS-CoV-2 S protein, but may contribute to augmented anti-viral immunity and viral clearance, may represent therapeutic targets against COVID-19.
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97
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Liu J, Liu Y, Pan W, Li Y. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting oxidative stress in rats. Amino Acids 2021; 53:171-181. [PMID: 33398523 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-rheumatic effects and the mechanism of angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) in rat models with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The CIA model was established using male Wistar rats by intradermal injection of bovine collagen-II in complete Freund's adjuvant at the base of the tail. The levels of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor (MasR) were reduced in CIA rats. The attenuation of paw swelling and arthritis scores and improvement of indexes of spleen and thymus were done by Ang-(1-7) injection in CIA rats. The increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ in the serum and hind paw were blocked by Ang-(1-7) administration. In addition, enhanced NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity, increased levels of superoxide anions and malondialdehyde (MDA), and weakened superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were all reversed by treatment with Ang-(1-7). Nox1 overexpression reversed the suppressing effects of Ang-(1-7) on paw swelling and arthritis scores in CIA rats. The Ang-(1-7)-induced improvement in spleen and thymus indexes in CIA rats was abolished by Nox1 overexpression. Nox1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of Ang-(1-7) by increasing IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels in the serum and hind paw of CIA rats. These results demonstrated that Nox1 increased the oxidative stress in arthritis, and Ang-(1-7) improved rheumatism in arthritis via inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Wenyou Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huai'an, 223300, China.
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98
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Silva MM, de Souza-Neto FP, Jesus ICGD, Gonçalves GK, Santuchi MDC, Sanches BDL, de Alcântara-Leonídio TC, Melo MB, Vieira MAR, Guatimosim S, Santos RAS, da Silva RF. Alamandine improves cardiac remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H352-H363. [PMID: 33124885 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00328.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alamandine is the newest identified peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and has protective effects in the cardiovascular system. Although the involvement of classical RAS components in the genesis and progression of cardiac remodeling is well known, less is known about the effects of alamandine. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the effects of alamandine on cardiac remodeling induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. Male mice (C57BL/6), 10-12 wk of age, were divided into three groups: sham operated, TAC, and TAC + ALA (30 µg/kg/day alamandine for 14 days). The TAC surgery was performed under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. At the end of treatment, the animals were submitted to echocardiographic examination and subsequently euthanized for tissue collection. TAC induced myocyte hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the left ventricle. These markers of cardiac remodeling were reduced by oral treatment with alamandine. Western blotting analysis showed that alamandine prevents the increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reverts the decrease in 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α phosphorylation induced by TAC. Although both TAC and TAC + ALA increased SERCA2 expression, the phosphorylation of phospholamban in the Thr17 residue was increased solely in the alamandine-treated group. The echocardiographic data showed that there are no functional or morphological alterations after 2 wk of TAC. Alamandine treatment prevents myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis induced by TAC. Our results reinforce the cardioprotective role of alamandine and highlight its therapeutic potential for treating heart diseases related to pressure overload conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alamandine is the newest identified component of the renin-angiotensin system protective arm. Considering the beneficial effects already described so far, alamandine is a promising target for cardiovascular disease treatment. We demonstrated for the first time that alamandine improves many aspects of cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload, including cell hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Morais Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gleisy Kelly Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Lima Sanches
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Barrouin Melo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Parlakpinar H, Gunata M. SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19): Cellular and biochemical properties and pharmacological insights into new therapeutic developments. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:10-28. [PMID: 32992409 PMCID: PMC7537523 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2 first appeared in the Wuhan City of China and began to spread rapidly among people. Rapid progression of the outbreak has led to a major global public health problem of a potentially fatal disease. On January 30, 2020, WHO declared the pandemic as the sixth public health emergency of the world. Upon this, the whole country has started to take the necessary precautions. The new coronavirus uses membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter into the cells, such as SARS-CoV, and mostly affects the respiratory tract. Symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever (93%), fatigue (70%), cough (70%), anorexia (40%) and dyspnoea (34.5%). The elderly and people with underlying chronic diseases are more susceptible to infection and higher mortality. Currently, a large number of drugs and vaccines studies are ongoing. In this review, we discussed the virology, epidemiological data, the replication of the virus, and its relationship with cardiovascular diseases on COVID-19 pandemics, treatment and vaccines. Thereby, this study aims to neatly present scientific data in light of many regarding literature that can be a clue for readers who research this disease prevention and treatment. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This review summarized current information on COVID-19 (epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical, laboratory, cardiovascular diseases, ACE2 and pharmacological agents) for researchers and reveals guiding data for researchers, especially in the field of cardiovascular system, pharmacology, dysregulation of cellular function in disease, molecular and cell biology and physiology in the regulation of tissue function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineInonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey
| | - Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of MedicineInonu UniversityMalatyaTurkey
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100
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Parmar HS, Nayak A, Gavel PK, Jha HC, Bhagwat S, Sharma R. Cross Talk between COVID-19 and Breast Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:575-600. [PMID: 33593260 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210216102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients are more susceptible to COVID-19; however, the prevalence of COVID-19 in different types of cancer is still inconsistent and inconclusive. Here, we delineate the intricate relationship between breast cancer and COVID-19. Breast cancer and COVID-19 share the involvement of common comorbidities, hormonal signalling pathways, gender differences, rennin- angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). We also shed light on the possible effects of therapeutic modalities of COVID-19 on breast cancer outcomes. Briefly, we conclude that breast cancer patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 in comparison with their normal counterparts. Women are more resistant to the occurrence and severity of COVID-19. Increased expressions of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are correlated with occurrence and severity of COVID-19, but higher expression of ACE2 and lower expression of TMPRSS2 are prognostic markers for overall disease free survival in breast cancer. The ACE2 inhibitors and ibuprofen therapies for COVID-19 treatment may aggravate the clinical condition of breast cancer patients through chemo-resistance and metastasis. Most of the available therapeutic modalities for COVID-19 were also found to exert positive effects on breast cancer outcomes. Besides drugs in clinical trend, TMPRSS2 inhibitors, estrogen supplementation, androgen deprivation and DPP-IV inhibitors may also be used to treat breast cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, drug-drug interactions suggest that some of the drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 may modulate the drug metabolism of anticancer therapies which may lead to adverse drug reaction events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aakruti Nayak
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Pramod Kumar Gavel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IIT, Indore, Simrol, Indore, M.P., India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, IIT, Indore, Simrol, Indore, M.P., India
| | - Shivani Bhagwat
- Suraksha Diagnostics Pvt. Ltd., Newtown, Rajarhat, Kolkata-West Bengal, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001., M.P., India
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