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Numaga-Tomita T, Oda S, Shimauchi T, Nishimura A, Mangmool S, Nishida M. TRPC3 Channels in Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:56. [PMID: 28936433 PMCID: PMC5594069 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stiffness, caused by interstitial fibrosis due to deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is thought as a major clinical outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) subfamily proteins are components of Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channels activated by receptor stimulation and mechanical stress, and have been attracted attention as a key mediator of maladaptive cardiac remodeling. How TRPC-mediated local Ca2+ influx encodes a specific signal to induce maladaptive cardiac remodeling has been long obscure, but our recent studies suggest a pathophysiological significance of channel activity-independent function of TRPC proteins for amplifying redox signaling in heart. This review introduces the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPCs, especially focuses on the role of TRPC3 as a positive regulator of reactive oxygen species (PRROS) in heart. We have revealed that TRPC3 stabilizes NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), a membrane-bound reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating enzyme, by forming stable protein complex with Nox2, which leads to amplification of mechanical stress-induced ROS signaling in cardiomyocytes, resulting in induction of fibrotic responses in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, the TRPC3 function as PRROS will offer a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention or treatment of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Numaga-Tomita
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Oda
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Shimauchi
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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52
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 function regulates cardiac hypertrophy via stretch-induced activation. J Hypertens 2017; 35:602-611. [PMID: 28009703 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertension (increased afterload) results in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and subsequently, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 subtype (TRPV2) function regulates hypertrophy under increased afterload conditions. METHODS We used functional (pore specific) TRPV2 knockout mice to evaluate the effects of increased afterload-induced stretch on cardiac size and function via transverse aortic constriction (TAC) as well as hypertrophic stimuli including adrenergic and angiotensin stimulation via subcutaneous pumps. Wild-type animals served as control for all experiments. Expression and localization of TRPV2 was investigated in wild-type cardiac samples. Changes in cardiac function were measured in vivo via echocardiography and invasive catheterization. Molecular changes, including protein and real-time PCR markers of hypertrophy, were measured in addition to myocyte size. RESULTS TRPV2 is significantly upregulated in wild-type mice after TAC, though not in response to beta-adrenergic or angiotensin stimulation. TAC-induced stretch stimulus caused an upregulation of TRPV2 in the sarcolemmal membrane. The absence of functional TRPV2 resulted in significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy after TAC, though not in response to beta-adrenergic or angiotensin stimulation. The decreased development of hypertrophy was not associated with significant deterioration of cardiac function. CONCLUSION We conclude that TRPV2 function, as a stretch-activated channel, regulates the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to increased afterload.
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Toib A, Zhang C, Borghetti G, Zhang X, Wallner M, Yang Y, Troupes CD, Kubo H, Sharp TE, Feldsott E, Berretta RM, Zalavadia N, Trappanese DM, Harper S, Gross P, Chen X, Mohsin S, Houser SR. Remodeling of repolarization and arrhythmia susceptibility in a myosin-binding protein C knockout mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28646025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00167.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common genetic cardiac diseases and among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young. The cellular mechanisms leading to SCD in HCM are not well known. Prolongation of the action potential (AP) duration (APD) is a common feature predisposing hypertrophied hearts to SCD. Previous studies have explored the roles of inward Na+ and Ca2+ in the development of HCM, but the role of repolarizing K+ currents has not been defined. The objective of this study was to characterize the arrhythmogenic phenotype and cellular electrophysiological properties of mice with HCM, induced by myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC) knockout (KO), and to test the hypothesis that remodeling of repolarizing K+ currents causes APD prolongation in MyBPC KO myocytes. We demonstrated that MyBPC KO mice developed severe hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Telemetric electrocardiographic recordings of awake mice revealed prolongation of the corrected QT interval in the KO compared with WT control mice, with overt ventricular arrhythmias. Whole cell current- and voltage-clamp experiments comparing KO with WT mice demonstrated ventricular myocyte hypertrophy, AP prolongation, and decreased repolarizing K+ currents. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed decreased mRNA levels of several key K+ channel subunits. In conclusion, decrease in repolarizing K+ currents in MyBPC KO ventricular myocytes contributes to AP and corrected QT interval prolongation and could account for the arrhythmia susceptibility.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ventricular myocytes isolated from the myosin-binding protein C knockout hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse model demonstrate decreased repolarizing K+ currents and action potential and QT interval prolongation, linking cellular repolarization abnormalities with arrhythmia susceptibility and the risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Toib
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children and Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chen Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giulia Borghetti
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Constantine D Troupes
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Feldsott
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil Zalavadia
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle M Trappanese
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shavonn Harper
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Role of TRPC3 and TRPC6 channels in the myocardial response to stretch: Linking physiology and pathophysiology. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28645743 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels constitute a large family of versatile multi-signal transducers. In particular, TRP canonical (TRPC) channels are known as receptor-operated, non-selective cation channels. TRPC3 and TRPC6, two members in the TRPC family, are highly expressed in the heart, and participate in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure as a pathological response to chronic mechanical stress. In the pathological response, myocardial stretch increases intracellular Ca2+ levels and activates nuclear factor of activated T cells to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Recent studies have revealed that TRPC3 and TRPC6 also contribute to the physiological stretch-induced slow force response (SFR), a slow increase in the Ca2+ transient and twitch force during stretch. In the physiological response, a stretch-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ mediated by TRPC3 and TRPC6 causes the SFR. We here overview experimental evidence of the involvement of TRPC3 and TRPC6 in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology in response to stretch.
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Ahmad AA, Streiff M, Hunter C, Hu Q, Sachse FB. Physiological and pathophysiological role of transient receptor potential canonical channels in cardiac myocytes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28629808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels constitute a family of seven Ca2+ permeable ion channels, named TRPC1 to 7. These channels are abundantly expressed in the mammalian heart, yet mechanisms underlying activation of TRPC channels and their precise role in cardiac physiology remain poorly understood. In this review, we perused original literature regarding TRPC channels in cardiomyocytes. We first reviewed studies on TRPC channel assembly and sub-cellular localization across multiple species and cell types. Our review indicates that TRPC localization in cardiac cells is still a topic of controversy. We then examined common molecular biology tools used to infer on location and physiological roles of TRPC channels in the heart. We subsequently reviewed pharmacological tools used to modulate TRPC activity in both cardiac and non-cardiac cells. Suggested physiological roles in the heart include modulation of heart rate and sensing of mechanical strain. We examined studies on the contribution of TRPC to cardiac pathophysiology, mainly hypertrophic signaling. Several TRPC channels, particularly TRPC1, 3 and 6 were proposed to play a crucial role in hypertrophic signaling. Finally, we discussed gaps in our understanding of the location and physiological role of TRPC channels in cardiomyocytes. Closing these gaps will be crucial to gain a full understanding of the role of TRPC channels in cardiac pathophysiology and to further explore these channels as targets for treatments for cardiac diseases, in particular, hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi A Ahmad
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Molly Streiff
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Chris Hunter
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA.
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56
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Liu Y, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Vásquez-Vivar J, Xia Z, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Transgenic overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 in cardiomyocytes ameliorates post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3093. [PMID: 28596578 PMCID: PMC5465102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and its product tetrahydrobiopterin play crucial roles in cardiovascular health and disease, yet the exact regulation and role of GCH1 in adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction are still enigmatic. Here we report that cardiac GCH1 is degraded in remodeled hearts after myocardial infarction, concomitant with increases in the thickness of interventricular septum, interstitial fibrosis, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and decreases in left ventricular anterior wall thickness, cardiac contractility, tetrahydrobiopterin, the dimers of nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins. Intriguingly, transgenic overexpression of GCH1 in cardiomyocytes reduces the thickness of interventricular septum and interstitial fibrosis and increases anterior wall thickness and cardiac contractility after infarction. Moreover, we show that GCH1 overexpression decreases phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and elevates tetrahydrobiopterin levels, the dimerization and phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins in post-infarction remodeled hearts. Our results indicate that the pivotal role of GCH1 overexpression in post-infarction cardiac remodeling is attributable to preservation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins, and identify a new therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Shelley L Baumgardt
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wiscosin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Jeannette Vásquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David C Warltier
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Judy R Kersten
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.
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Troupes CD, Wallner M, Borghetti G, Zhang C, Mohsin S, von Lewinski D, Berretta RM, Kubo H, Chen X, Soboloff J, Houser S. Role of STIM1 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1) in Hypertrophy-Related Contractile Dysfunction. Circ Res 2017; 121:125-136. [PMID: 28592415 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pathological increases in cardiac afterload result in myocyte hypertrophy with changes in myocyte electrical and mechanical phenotype. Remodeling of contractile and signaling Ca2+ occurs in pathological hypertrophy and is central to myocyte remodeling. STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) regulates Ca2+ signaling in many cell types by sensing low endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ levels and then coupling to plasma membrane Orai channels to induce a Ca2+ influx pathway. Previous reports suggest that STIM1 may play a role in cardiac hypertrophy, but its role in electrical and mechanical phenotypic alterations is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To define the contributions of STIM1-mediated Ca2+ influx on electrical and mechanical properties of normal and diseased myocytes, and to determine whether Orai channels are obligatory partners for STIM1 in these processes using a clinically relevant large animal model of hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by slow progressive pressure overload in adult cats. Hypertrophied myocytes had increased STIM1 expression and activity, which correlated with altered Ca2+-handling and action potential (AP) prolongation. Exposure of hypertrophied myocytes to the Orai channel blocker BTP2 caused a reduction of AP duration and reduced diastolic Ca2+ spark rate. BTP2 had no effect on normal myocytes. Forced expression of STIM1 in cultured adult feline ventricular myocytes increased diastolic spark rate and prolonged AP duration. STIM1 expression produced an increase in the amount of Ca2+ stored within the sarcoplasmic reticulum and activated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. STIM1 expression also increased spark rates and induced spontaneous APs. STIM1 effects were eliminated by either BTP2 or by coexpression of a dominant negative Orai construct. CONCLUSIONS STIM1 can associate with Orai in cardiac myocytes to produce a Ca2+ influx pathway that can prolong the AP duration and load the sarcoplasmic reticulum and likely contributes to the altered electromechanical properties of the hypertrophied heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine D Troupes
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Markus Wallner
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Giulia Borghetti
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Remus M Berretta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Hajime Kubo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.)
| | - Steven Houser
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (C.D.T., M.W., G.B., C.Z., S.M., R.M.B., H.K., X.C., S.H.); Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (D.v.L.); and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (J.S.).
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Transient receptor potential canonical type 3 channels: Interactions, role and relevance - A vascular focus. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 174:79-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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59
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Chen J, Ceholski DK, Liang L, Fish K, Hajjar RJ. Variability in coronary artery anatomy affects consistency of cardiac damage after myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H275-H282. [PMID: 28550174 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00127.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Low reliability and reproducibility in heart failure models are well established. The purpose of the present study is to explore factors that affect model consistency of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. MI was induced by left coronary artery (LCA) ligation. The coronary artery was casted with resin and visualized with fluorescent imaging ex vivo. LCA characteristics and MI size were analyzed individually in each animal, and MI size was correlated with left ventricular (LV) function by echocardiography. Coronary anatomy varies widely in mice, posing challenges for surgical ligation and resulting in inconsistent MI size postligation. The length of coronary arterial trunk, level of bifurcation, number of branches, and territory supplied by these branches are unique in each animal. When the main LCA trunk is ligated, this results in a large MI, but when a single branch is ligated, MI size is variable due to differing levels of LCA ligation and area supplied by the branches. During the ligation procedure, nearly 40% of LCAs are not grossly visible to the surgeon. In these situations, the surgeon blindly sutures a wider and deeper area of tissue in an attempt to catch the LCA. Paradoxically, these situations have greater odds of resulting in smaller MIs. In conclusion, variation in MI size and LV function after LCA ligation in mice is difficult to avoid. Anatomic diversity of the LCA in mice leads to inconsistency in MI size and functional parameters, and this is independent of potential technical modifications made by the operator.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we demonstrate that left coronary artery diversity in mice is one of the primary causes of variable myocardial infarction size and cardiac functional parameters in the left coronary artery ligation model. Recognition of anatomic diversity is essential to improve reliability and reproducibility in heart failure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lifan Liang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Fish
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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60
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Nakipova OV, Averin AS, Evdokimovskii EV, Pimenov OY, Kosarski L, Ignat’ev D, Anufriev A, Kokoz YM, Reyes S, Terzic A, Alekseev AE. Store-operated Ca2+ entry supports contractile function in hearts of hibernators. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177469. [PMID: 28531217 PMCID: PMC5439705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernators have a distinctive ability to adapt to seasonal changes of body temperature in a range between 37°C and near freezing, exhibiting, among other features, a unique reversibility of cardiac contractility. The adaptation of myocardial contractility in hibernation state relies on alterations of excitation contraction coupling, which becomes less-dependent from extracellular Ca2+ entry and is predominantly controlled by Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, replenished by the Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). We found that the specific SERCA inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), in contrast to its effect in papillary muscles (PM) from rat hearts, did not reduce but rather potentiated contractility of PM from hibernating ground squirrels (GS). In GS ventricles we identified drastically elevated, compared to rats, expression of Orai1, Stim1 and Trpc1/3/4/5/6/7 mRNAs, putative components of store operated Ca2+ channels (SOC). Trpc3 protein levels were found increased in winter compared to summer GS, yet levels of Trpc5, Trpc6 or Trpc7 remained unchanged. Under suppressed voltage-dependent K+, Na+ and Ca2+ currents, the SOC inhibitor 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) diminished whole-cell membrane currents in isolated cardiomyocytes from hibernating GS, but not from rats. During cooling-reheating cycles (30°C–7°C–30°C) of ground squirrel PM, 2-APB did not affect typical CPA-sensitive elevation of contractile force at low temperatures, but precluded the contractility at 30°C before and after the cooling. Wash-out of 2-APB reversed PM contractility to control values. Thus, we suggest that SOC play a pivotal role in governing the ability of hibernator hearts to maintain their function during the transition in and out of hibernating states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Nakipova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Averin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Edward V. Evdokimovskii
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Oleg Yu. Pimenov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Leonid Kosarski
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Ignat’ev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey Anufriev
- Institute of Biology, Yakutsk Branch, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Yuri M. Kokoz
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Santiago Reyes
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andre Terzic
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Alexey E. Alekseev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Stabile 5, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Major contribution of the 3/6/7 class of TRPC channels to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and cellular hypoxia/reoxygenation injuries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4582-E4591. [PMID: 28526717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1621384114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The injury phase after myocardial infarcts occurs during reperfusion and is a consequence of calcium release from internal stores combined with calcium entry, leading to cell death by apoptopic and necrotic processes. The mechanism(s) by which calcium enters cells has(ve) not been identified. Here, we identify canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) 3 and 6 as the cation channels through which most of the damaging calcium enters cells to trigger their death, and we describe mechanisms activated during the injury phase. Working in vitro with H9c2 cardiomyoblasts subjected to 9-h hypoxia followed by 6-h reoxygenation (H/R), and analyzing changes occurring in areas-at-risk (AARs) of murine hearts subjected to a 30-min ischemia followed by 24-h reperfusion (I/R) protocol, we found: (i) that blocking TRPC with SKF96365 significantly ameliorated damage induced by H/R, including development of the mitochondrial permeability transition and proapoptotic changes in Bcl2/BAX ratios; and (ii) that AAR tissues had increased TUNEL+ cells, augmented Bcl2/BAX ratios, and increased p(S240)NFATc3, p(S473)AKT, p(S9)GSK3β, and TRPC3 and -6 proteins, consistent with activation of a positive-feedback loop in which calcium entering through TRPCs activates calcineurin-mediated NFATc3-directed transcription of TRPC genes, leading to more Ca2+ entry. All these changes were markedly reduced in mice lacking TRPC3, -6, and -7. The changes caused by I/R in AAR tissues were matched by those seen after H/R in cardiomyoblasts in all aspects except for p-AKT and p-GSK3β, which were decreased after H/R in cardiomyoblasts instead of increased. TRPC should be promising targets for pharmacologic intervention after cardiac infarcts.
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Goldberg Smith P. Catherine Makarewich: Collaboration of Diligence and Luck. Circ Res 2017; 120:1066-1067. [PMID: 28360343 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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63
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Abad M, Hashimoto H, Zhou H, Morales MG, Chen B, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Notch Inhibition Enhances Cardiac Reprogramming by Increasing MEF2C Transcriptional Activity. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:548-560. [PMID: 28262548 PMCID: PMC5355682 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes represents a potential means of restoring cardiac function after myocardial infarction, but so far this process remains inefficient and little is known about its molecular mechanisms. Here we show that DAPT, a classical Notch inhibitor, enhances the conversion of mouse fibroblasts into induced cardiac-like myocytes by the transcription factors GATA4, HAND2, MEF2C, and TBX5. DAPT cooperates with AKT kinase to further augment this process, resulting in up to 70% conversion efficiency. Moreover, DAPT promotes the acquisition of specific cardiomyocyte features, substantially increasing calcium flux, sarcomere structure, and the number of spontaneously beating cells. Transcriptome analysis shows that DAPT induces genetic programs related to muscle development, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. Mechanistically, DAPT increases binding of the transcription factor MEF2C to the promoter regions of cardiac structural genes. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the reprogramming process and may have important implications for cardiac regeneration therapies. Notch activation is a barrier for GHMT-induced cardiac cell reprogramming Notch blockade by DAPT improves GHMT-induced cardiac reprogramming DAPT increases sarcomere organization, calcium flux, and beating in GHMT reprogramming DAPT enhances transcriptional activity of MEF2C in GHMT reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abad
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cell Plasticity and Cancer Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), c/Natzaret, 115-117, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Hisayuki Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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64
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The TRPM4 channel is functionally important for the beneficial cardiac remodeling induced by endurance training. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:3-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Soluble klotho binds monosialoganglioside to regulate membrane microdomains and growth factor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:752-757. [PMID: 28069944 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620301114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble klotho, the shed ectodomain of the antiaging membrane protein α-klotho, is a pleiotropic endocrine/paracrine factor with no known receptors and poorly understood mechanism of action. Soluble klotho down-regulates growth factor-driven PI3K signaling, contributing to extension of lifespan, cardioprotection, and tumor inhibition. Here we show that soluble klotho binds membrane lipid rafts. Klotho binding to rafts alters lipid organization, decreases membrane's propensity to form large ordered domains for endocytosis, and down-regulates raft-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling. We identify α2-3-sialyllactose present in the glycan of monosialogangliosides as targets of soluble klotho. α2-3-Sialyllactose is a common motif of glycans. To explain why klotho preferentially targets lipid rafts we show that clustering of gangliosides in lipid rafts is important. In vivo, raft-dependent PI3K signaling is up-regulated in klotho-deficient mouse hearts vs. wild-type hearts. Our results identify ganglioside-enriched lipid rafts to be receptors that mediate soluble klotho regulation of PI3K signaling. Targeting sialic acids may be a general mechanism for pleiotropic actions of soluble klotho.
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Pei HF, Hou JN, Wei FP, Xue Q, Zhang F, Peng CF, Yang Y, Tian Y, Feng J, Du J, He L, Li XC, Gao EH, Li D, Yang YJ. Melatonin attenuates postmyocardial infarction injury via increasing Tom70 expression. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27706848 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, exacerbating injury in myocardial infarction (MI). As a receptor for translocases in the outer mitochondrial membrane (Tom) complex, Tom70 has an unknown function in MI, including melatonin-induced protection against MI injury. We delivered specific small interfering RNAs against Tom70 or lentivirus vectors carrying Tom70a sequences into the left ventricles of mice or to cultured neonatal murine ventricular myocytes (NMVMs). At 48 h post-transfection, the left anterior descending coronary arteries of mice were permanently ligated, while the NMVMs underwent continuous hypoxia. At 24 h after ischemia/hypoxia, oxidative stress was assessed by dihydroethidium and lucigenin-enhanced luminescence, mitochondrial damage by transmission electron microscopy and ATP content, and cell apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and caspase-3 assay. At 4 weeks after ischemia, cardiac function and fibrosis were evaluated in mice by echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Ischemic/hypoxic insult reduced Tom70 expression in cardiomyocytes. Tom70 downregulation aggravated post-MI injury, with increased mitochondrial fragmentation and ROS overload. In contrast, Tom70 upregulation alleviated post-MI injury, with improved mitochondrial integrity and decreased ROS production. PGC-1α/Tom70 expression in ischemic myocardium was increased with melatonin alone, but not when combined with luzindole. Melatonin attenuated post-MI injury in control but not in Tom70-deficient mice. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed the adverse effects of Tom70 deficiency in mitochondria and cardiomyocytes, but at a much higher concentration than melatonin. Our findings showed that Tom70 is essential for melatonin-induced protection against post-MI injury, by breaking the cycle of mitochondrial impairment and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan-Ni Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei-Peng Wei
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Fei Peng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiu-Chuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Er-He Gao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - De Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Eder P. Cardiac Remodeling and Disease: SOCE and TRPC Signaling in Cardiac Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:505-521. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tissue Specificity: Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Cardiac Myocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:363-387. [PMID: 28900924 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of cardiomyocyte contraction. The Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers responsible for the cyclical cytosolic Ca2+ signals that underlie contraction are well known. In addition to those Ca2+ signaling components responsible for contraction, it has been proposed that cardiomyocytes express channels that promote the influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular milieu to the cytosol in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. With non-excitable cells, this store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is usually easily demonstrated and is essential for prolonging cellular Ca2+ signaling and for refilling depleted Ca2+ stores. The role of SOCE in cardiomyocytes, however, is rather more elusive. While there is published evidence for increased Ca2+ influx into cardiomyocytes following Ca2+ store depletion, it has not been universally observed. Moreover, SOCE appears to be prominent in embryonic cardiomyocytes but declines with postnatal development. In contrast, there is overwhelming evidence that the molecular components of SOCE (e.g., STIM, Orai, and TRPC proteins) are expressed in cardiomyocytes from embryo to adult. Moreover, these proteins have been shown to contribute to disease conditions such as pathological hypertrophy, and reducing their expression can attenuate hypertrophic growth. It is plausible that SOCE might underlie Ca2+ influx into cardiomyocytes and may have important signaling functions perhaps by activating local Ca2+-sensitive processes. However, the STIM, Orai, and TRPC proteins appear to cooperate with multiple protein partners in signaling complexes. It is therefore possible that some of their signaling activities are not mediated by Ca2+ influx signals, but by protein-protein interactions.
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Wang L, Li J, Zhang J, He Q, Weng X, Huang Y, Guan M, Qiu C. Inhibition of TRPC3 downregulates airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling of OVA-sensitized mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 484:209-217. [PMID: 28034747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling and inflammation are the fundamental pathological alterations that occur in asthma. Transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) has been implicated in diverse functions of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC3 in ASMCs from normal and OVA-sensitized mouse. And the effects of inhibition or knockdown of TRPC3 with Ethyl-1- (4- (2,3,3-trichloroacrylamide) phenyl) -5 - (trifluoromethyl) -1H -pyrazole -4-carboxylate (Pyr3) and lentiviral shRNA on OVA-sensitized mouse AHR, airway remodeling, circulating inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation and migration. We found that TRPC3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in ASMCs from OVA-sensitized mouse. Inhibiting TRPC3 with continuous subcutaneous administration of Pyr3 decreased enhanced pause (Penh) of OVA-sensitized mouse. Meanwhile, both Pyr3 and lentiviral shRNA treatment of ASMCs in OVA-sensitized mouse significantly decreased their proliferation and migration. These results suggest that TRPC3 plays a critical role in asthma and represents a promising new target for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical medical college (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical medical college (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Research Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi He
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical medical college (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanwen Weng
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical medical college (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical medical college (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minjie Guan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical medical college (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical medical college (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
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Kirschmer N, Bandleon S, von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt V, Hartmann S, Schaaf A, Lamprecht AK, Miranda-Laferte E, Langsenlehner T, Ritter O, Eder P. TRPC4α and TRPC4β Similarly Affect Neonatal Cardiomyocyte Survival during Chronic GPCR Stimulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168446. [PMID: 27992507 PMCID: PMC5167390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Channel Subunit 4 (TRPC4) has been considered as a crucial Ca2+ component in cardiomyocytes promoting structural and functional remodeling in the course of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. TRPC4 assembles as homo or hetero-tetramer in the plasma membrane, allowing a non-selective Na+ and Ca2+ influx. Gαq protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation is known to increase TRPC4 channel activity and a TRPC4-mediated Ca2+ influx which has been regarded as ideal Ca2+ source for calcineurin and subsequent nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation. Functional properties of TRPC4 are also based on the expression of the TRPC4 splice variants TRPC4α and TRPC4β. Aim of the present study was to analyze cytosolic Ca2+ signals, signaling, hypertrophy and vitality of cardiomyocytes in dependence on the expression level of either TRPC4α or TRPC4β. The analysis of Ca2+ transients in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) showed that TRPC4α and TRPC4β affected Ca2+ cycling in beating cardiomyocytes with both splice variants inducing an elevation of the Ca2+ transient amplitude at baseline and TRPC4β increasing the Ca2+ peak during angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. NRCs infected with TRPC4β (Ad-C4β) also responded with a sustained Ca2+ influx when treated with Ang II under non-pacing conditions. Consistent with the Ca2+ data, NRCs infected with TRPC4α (Ad-C4α) showed an elevated calcineurin/NFAT activity and a baseline hypertrophic phenotype but did not further develop hypertrophy during chronic Ang II/phenylephrine stimulation. Down-regulation of endogenous TRPC4α reversed these effects, resulting in less hypertrophy of NRCs at baseline but a markedly increased hypertrophic enlargement after chronic agonist stimulation. Ad-C4β NRCs did not exhibit baseline calcineurin/NFAT activity or hypertrophy but responded with an increased calcineurin/NFAT activity after GPCR stimulation. However, this effect was not translated into an increased propensity towards hypertrophy but rather less hypertrophy during GPCR stimulation. Further analyses revealed that, although hypertrophy was preserved in Ad-C4α NRCs and even attenuated in Ad-C4β NRCs, cardiomyocytes had an increased apoptosis rate and thus were less viable after chronic GPCR stimulation. These findings suggest that TRPC4α and TRPC4β differentially affect Ca2+ signals, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and hypertrophy but similarly impair cardiomyocyte viability during GPCR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kirschmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Bandleon
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktor von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartmann
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, United States of America
| | - Alice Schaaf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Karina Lamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Langsenlehner
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver Ritter
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmology, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Petra Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Morine KJ, Paruchuri V, Qiao X, Aronovitz M, Huggins GS, DeNofrio D, Kiernan MS, Karas RH, Kapur NK. Endoglin selectively modulates transient receptor potential channel expression in left and right heart failure. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016; 25:478-482. [PMID: 27614169 PMCID: PMC5443561 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are broadly expressed cation channels that mediate diverse physiological stimuli and include canonical (TRPC), melastatin (TRPM), and vanilloid (TRPV) subtypes. Recent studies have implicated a role for TRPC6 channels as an important component of signaling via the cytokine, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) in right (RV) or left ventricular (LV) failure. Endoglin (Eng) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that promotes TRPC6 expression and TGFβ1 activity. No studies have defined biventricular expression of all TRP channel family members in heart failure. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that heart failure is associated with distinct patterns of TRP channel expression in the LV and RV. METHODS Paired viable LV and RV free wall tissue was obtained from human subjects with end-stage heart failure (n=12) referred for cardiac transplantation or biventricular assist device implantation. Paired LV and RV samples from human subjects without heart failure served as controls (n=3). To explore a functional role for Eng as a regulator of TRP expression in response to RV or LV pressure overload, wild-type (Eng+/+) and Eng haploinsufficient (Eng+/-) mice were exposed to thoracic aortic (TAC) or pulmonary arterial (PAC) constriction for 8weeks. Biventricular tissue was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Compared to nonfailing human LV and RV samples, mRNA levels of TRPC1, 3, 4, 6, and TRPV-2 were increased and TRPM2, 3, and 8 were decreased in failing LV and RV samples. TRPC1 and 6 levels were higher in failing RV compared to failing LV samples. After TAC, murine LV levels of TPRC1 and 6 were increased in both Eng+/+ and Eng+/- mice compared to sham controls. LV levels of TRPC4, TRPM3 and 7, TRPV2 and 4 were increased in Eng+/+, not in Eng+/- mice after TAC. After PAC, all TRP channel family members were increased in the RV, but not LV, of Eng+/+ compared to sham controls. In contrast to Eng+/+, PAC did not increase RV or LV levels of TRP channels in Eng+/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that TRP channels exhibit distinct profiles of expression in the LV and RV of patients with heart failure and in murine models of univentricular pressure overload. We further introduce that the TGFβ1 coreceptor Eng selectively regulates expression of multiple TRP channels in the setting of LV or RV pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Morine
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Vikram Paruchuri
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xiaoying Qiao
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gordon S Huggins
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David DeNofrio
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michael S Kiernan
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Hurt CM, Lu Y, Stary CM, Piplani H, Small BA, Urban TJ, Qvit N, Gross GJ, Mochly-Rosen D, Gross ER. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Regulates Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Myocardial Reperfusion Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003774. [PMID: 27671317 PMCID: PMC5079036 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) mediates cellular responses to pain, heat, or noxious stimuli by calcium influx; however, the cellular localization and function of TRPV1 in the cardiomyocyte is largely unknown. We studied whether myocardial injury is regulated by TRPV1 and whether we could mitigate reperfusion injury by limiting the calcineurin interaction with TRPV1. Methods and Results In primary cardiomyocytes, confocal and electron microscopy demonstrates that TRPV1 is localized to the mitochondria. Capsaicin, the specific TRPV1 agonist, dose‐dependently reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and was blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine or the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine. Using in silico analysis, we discovered an interaction site for TRPV1 with calcineurin. We synthesized a peptide, V1‐cal, to inhibit the interaction between TRPV1 and calcineurin. In an in vivo rat myocardial infarction model, V1‐cal given just prior to reperfusion substantially mitigated myocardial infarct size compared with vehicle, capsaicin, or cyclosporine (24±3% versus 61±2%, 45±1%, and 49±2%, respectively; n=6 per group; P<0.01 versus all groups). Infarct size reduction by V1‐cal was also not seen in TRPV1 knockout rats. Conclusions TRPV1 is localized at the mitochondria in cardiomyocytes and regulates mitochondrial membrane potential through an interaction with calcineurin. We developed a novel therapeutic, V1‐cal, that substantially reduces reperfusion injury by inhibiting the interaction of calcineurin with TRPV1. These data suggest that TRPV1 is an end‐effector of cardioprotection and that modulating the TRPV1 protein interaction with calcineurin limits reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Hurt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Creed M Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Honit Piplani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Bryce A Small
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Travis J Urban
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Garrett J Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Eric R Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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73
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Soni H, Adebiyi A. TRPC6 channel activation promotes neonatal glomerular mesangial cell apoptosis via calcineurin/NFAT and FasL/Fas signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29041. [PMID: 27383564 PMCID: PMC4935859 DOI: 10.1038/srep29041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) proliferation and death are involved in the pathogenesis of glomerular disorders. The mechanisms that control GMC survival are poorly understood, but may include signal transduction pathways that are modulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentration. In this study, we investigated whether activation of the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 6 channels and successive [Ca2+]i elevation alter neonatal GMC survival. Hyperforin (HF)-induced TRPC6 channel activation increased [Ca2+]i concentration, inhibited proliferation, and triggered apoptotic cell death in primary neonatal pig GMCs. HF-induced neonatal GMC apoptosis was not associated with oxidative stress. However, HF-induced TRPC6 channel activation stimulated nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). HF also increased cell death surface receptor Fas ligand (FasL) level and caspase-8 activity in the cells; effects mitigated by [Ca2+]i chelator BAPTA, calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor VIVIT, and TRPC6 channel knockdown. Accordingly, HF-induced neonatal GMC apoptosis was attenuated by BAPTA, VIVIT, Fas blocking antibody, and a caspase-3/7 inhibitor. These findings suggest that TRPC6 channel-dependent [Ca2+]i elevation and the ensuing induction of the calcineurin/NFAT, FasL/Fas, and caspase signaling cascades promote neonatal pig GMC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Soni
- Department of Physiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN, USA
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74
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Abstract
Mechanical forces will have been omnipresent since the origin of life, and living organisms have evolved mechanisms to sense, interpret, and respond to mechanical stimuli. The cardiovascular system in general, and the heart in particular, is exposed to constantly changing mechanical signals, including stretch, compression, bending, and shear. The heart adjusts its performance to the mechanical environment, modifying electrical, mechanical, metabolic, and structural properties over a range of time scales. Many of the underlying regulatory processes are encoded intracardially and are, thus, maintained even in heart transplant recipients. Although mechanosensitivity of heart rhythm has been described in the medical literature for over a century, its molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Thanks to modern biophysical and molecular technologies, the roles of mechanical forces in cardiac biology are being explored in more detail, and detailed mechanisms of mechanotransduction have started to emerge. Mechano-gated ion channels are cardiac mechanoreceptors. They give rise to mechano-electric feedback, thought to contribute to normal function, disease development, and, potentially, therapeutic interventions. In this review, we focus on acute mechanical effects on cardiac electrophysiology, explore molecular candidates underlying observed responses, and discuss their pharmaceutical regulation. From this, we identify open research questions and highlight emerging technologies that may help in addressing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Peyronnet
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.)
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.)
| | - Peter Kohl
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.).
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75
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STIM1-dependent Ca(2+) microdomains are required for myofilament remodeling and signaling in the heart. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25372. [PMID: 27150728 PMCID: PMC4858716 DOI: 10.1038/srep25372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-excitable cells stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a key element in the generation of Ca(2+) signals that lead to gene expression, migration and cell proliferation. A growing body of literature suggests that STIM1 plays a key role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the precise mechanisms involving STIM-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in the heart are not clearly established. Here, we have investigated the STIM1-associated Ca(2+) signals in cardiomyocytes and their relevance to pathological cardiac remodeling. We show that mice with inducible, cardiac-restricted, ablation of STIM1 exhibited left ventricular reduced contractility, which was corroborated by impaired single cell contractility. The spatial properties of STIM1-dependent Ca(2+) signals determine restricted Ca(2+) microdomains that regulate myofilament remodeling and activate spatially segregated pro-hypertrophic factors. Indeed, mice lacking STIM1 showed less adverse structural remodeling in response to pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. These results highlight how STIM1-dependent Ca(2+) microdomains have a major impact on intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular signaling, even when excitation-contraction coupling is present.
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76
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Sabourin J, Bartoli F, Antigny F, Gomez AM, Benitah JP. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC)/Orai1-dependent Store-operated Ca2+ Channels: NEW TARGETS OF ALDOSTERONE IN CARDIOMYOCYTES. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13394-409. [PMID: 27129253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) has emerged as an important mechanism in cardiac pathology. However, the signals that up-regulate SOCE in the heart remain unexplored. Clinical trials have emphasized the beneficial role of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) signaling blockade in heart failure and associated arrhythmias. Accumulated evidence suggests that the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, through activation of its receptor, MR, might be a key regulator of Ca(2+) influx in cardiomyocytes. We thus assessed whether and how SOCE involving transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) and Orai1 channels are regulated by aldosterone/MR in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Molecular screening using qRT-PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that aldosterone treatment for 24 h specifically increased the mRNA and/or protein levels of Orai1, TRPC1, -C4, -C5, and stromal interaction molecule 1 through MR activation. These effects were correlated with a specific enhancement of SOCE activities sensitive to store-operated channel inhibitors (SKF-96365 and BTP2) and to a potent Orai1 blocker (S66) and were prevented by TRPC1, -C4, and Orai1 dominant negative mutants or TRPC5 siRNA. A mechanistic approach showed that up-regulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 mRNA expression by aldosterone is involved in enhanced SOCE. Functionally, 24-h aldosterone-enhanced SOCE is associated with increased diastolic [Ca(2+)]i, which is blunted by store-operated channel inhibitors. Our study provides the first evidence that aldosterone promotes TRPC1-, -C4-, -C5-, and Orai1-mediated SOCE in cardiomyocytes through an MR and serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Sabourin
- From the UMR S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and
| | - Fiona Bartoli
- From the UMR S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- UMR S999, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Ana Maria Gomez
- From the UMR S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- From the UMR S1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France and
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Nelson BR, Makarewich CA, Anderson DM, Winders BR, Troupes CD, Wu F, Reese AL, McAnally JR, Chen X, Kavalali ET, Cannon SC, Houser SR, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. A peptide encoded by a transcript annotated as long noncoding RNA enhances SERCA activity in muscle. Science 2016; 351:271-5. [PMID: 26816378 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad4076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction depends on release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and reuptake by the Ca(2+)adenosine triphosphatase SERCA. We discovered a putative muscle-specific long noncoding RNA that encodes a peptide of 34 amino acids and that we named dwarf open reading frame (DWORF). DWORF localizes to the SR membrane, where it enhances SERCA activity by displacing the SERCA inhibitors, phospholamban, sarcolipin, and myoregulin. In mice, overexpression of DWORF in cardiomyocytes increases peak Ca(2+) transient amplitude and SR Ca(2+) load while reducing the time constant of cytosolic Ca(2+) decay during each cycle of contraction-relaxation. Conversely, slow skeletal muscle lacking DWORF exhibits delayed Ca(2+) clearance and relaxation and reduced SERCA activity. DWORF is the only endogenous peptide known to activate the SERCA pump by physical interaction and provides a means for enhancing muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Douglas M Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Benjamin R Winders
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Constantine D Troupes
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fenfen Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Austin L Reese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John R McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stephen C Cannon
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Department of Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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78
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Lighthouse JK, Small EM. Transcriptional control of cardiac fibroblast plasticity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:52-60. [PMID: 26721596 PMCID: PMC4764462 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts help maintain the normal architecture of the healthy heart and are responsible for scar formation and the healing response to pathological insults. Various genetic, biomechanical, or humoral factors stimulate fibroblasts to become contractile smooth muscle-like cells called myofibroblasts that secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix. Unfortunately, unchecked myofibroblast activation in heart disease leads to pathological fibrosis, which is a major risk factor for the development of cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control fibroblast plasticity and myofibroblast activation is essential to develop novel strategies to specifically target pathological cardiac fibrosis without disrupting the adaptive healing response. This review highlights the major transcriptional mediators of fibroblast origin and function in development and disease. The contribution of the fetal epicardial gene program will be discussed in the context of fibroblast origin in development and following injury, primarily focusing on Tcf21 and C/EBP. We will also highlight the major transcriptional regulatory axes that control fibroblast plasticity in the adult heart, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/Smad signaling, the Rho/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum response factor (SRF) axis, and Calcineurin/transient receptor potential channel (TRP)/nuclear factor of activated T-Cell (NFAT) signaling. Finally, we will discuss recent strategies to divert the fibroblast transcriptional program in an effort to promote cardiomyocyte regeneration. This article is a part of a Special Issue entitled "Fibrosis and Myocardial Remodeling".
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet K Lighthouse
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA
| | - Eric M Small
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14624, USA.
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79
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Cho GW, Altamirano F, Hill JA. Chronic heart failure: Ca(2+), catabolism, and catastrophic cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:763-777. [PMID: 26775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robust successes have been achieved in recent years in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Many patients who previously would have died now survive to enjoy happy and productive lives. Nevertheless, the devastating impact of heart disease continues unabated, as the spectrum of disease has evolved with new manifestations. In light of this ever-evolving challenge, insights that culminate in novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Here, we review fundamental mechanisms of heart failure, both with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. We discuss pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte remodeling and turnover, focusing on Ca(2+) signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis. In particular, we highlight recent insights pointing to novel connections among these events. We also explore mechanisms whereby potential therapeutic approaches targeting these processes may improve morbidity and mortality in the devastating syndrome of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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80
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Carroll KJ, Makarewich CA, McAnally J, Anderson DM, Zentilin L, Liu N, Giacca M, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. A mouse model for adult cardiac-specific gene deletion with CRISPR/Cas9. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:338-43. [PMID: 26719419 PMCID: PMC4720342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523918113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas)9 genomic editing has revolutionized the generation of mutant animals by simplifying the creation of null alleles in virtually any organism. However, most current approaches with this method require zygote injection, making it difficult to assess the adult, tissue-specific functions of genes that are widely expressed or which cause embryonic lethality when mutated. Here, we describe the generation of cardiac-specific Cas9 transgenic mice, which express high levels of Cas9 in the heart, but display no overt defects. In proof-of-concept experiments, we used Adeno-Associated Virus 9 (AAV9) to deliver single-guide RNA (sgRNA) that targets the Myh6 locus exclusively in cardiomyocytes. Intraperitoneal injection of postnatal cardiac-Cas9 transgenic mice with AAV9 encoding sgRNA against Myh6 resulted in robust editing of the Myh6 locus. These mice displayed severe cardiomyopathy and loss of cardiac function, with elevation of several markers of heart failure, confirming the effectiveness of this method of adult cardiac gene deletion. Mice with cardiac-specific expression of Cas9 provide a tool that will allow rapid and accurate deletion of genes following a single injection of AAV9-sgRNAs, thereby circumventing embryonic lethality. This method will be useful for disease modeling and provides a means of rapidly editing genes of interest in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - John McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - Douglas M Anderson
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148;
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81
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Qi Z, Wong CK, Suen CH, Wang J, Long C, Sauer H, Yao X, Tsang SY. TRPC3 regulates the automaticity of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:169-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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"TRP inflammation" relationship in cardiovascular system. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:339-56. [PMID: 26482920 PMCID: PMC4851701 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in the research and treatment, the precise relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular (CV) disease remains incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding the immunoinflammatory processes underlying the initiation, progression, and exacerbation of many cardiovascular diseases is of prime importance. The innate immune system has an ancient origin and is well conserved across species. Its activation occurs in response to pathogens or tissue injury. Recent studies suggest that altered ionic balance, and production of noxious gaseous mediators link to immune and inflammatory responses with altered ion channel expression and function. Among plausible candidates for this are transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that function as polymodal sensors and scaffolding proteins involved in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we will first focus on the relevance of TRP channel to both exogenous and endogenous factors related to innate immune response and transcription factors related to sustained inflammatory status. The emerging role of inflammasome to regulate innate immunity and its possible connection to TRP channels will also be discussed. Secondly, we will discuss about the linkage of TRP channels to inflammatory CV diseases, from a viewpoint of inflammation in a general sense which is not restricted to the innate immunity. These knowledge may serve to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of various inflammatory CV diseases and their novel therapeutic strategies.
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83
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Mohsin S, Troupes CD, Starosta T, Sharp TE, Agra EJ, Smith S, Duran JM, Zalavadia N, Zhou Y, Kubo H, Berretta RM, Houser SR. Unique Features of Cortical Bone Stem Cells Associated With Repair of the Injured Heart. Circ Res 2015; 117:1024-33. [PMID: 26472818 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adoptive transfer of multiple stem cell types has only had modest effects on the structure and function of failing human hearts. Despite increasing the use of stem cell therapies, consensus on the optimal stem cell type is not adequately defined. The modest cardiac repair and functional improvement in patients with cardiac disease warrants identification of a novel stem cell population that possesses properties that induce a more substantial improvement in patients with heart failure. OBJECTIVE To characterize and compare surface marker expression, proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation capacity of cortical bone stem cells (CBSCs) relative to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiac-derived stem cells (CDCs), which have already been tested in early stage clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS CBSCs, MSCs, and CDCs were isolated from Gottingen miniswine or transgenic C57/BL6 mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and were expanded in vitro. CBSCs possess a unique surface marker profile, including high expression of CD61 and integrin β4 versus CDCs and MSCs. In addition, CBSCs were morphologically distinct and showed enhanced proliferation capacity versus CDCs and MSCs. CBSCs had significantly better survival after exposure to an apoptotic stimuli when compared with MSCs. ATP and histamine induced a transient increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in CBSCs versus CDCs and MSCs, which either respond to ATP or histamine only further documenting the differences between the 3 cell types. CONCLUSIONS CBSCs are unique from CDCs and MSCs and possess enhanced proliferative, survival, and lineage commitment capacity that could account for the enhanced protective effects after cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mohsin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Constantine D Troupes
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Timothy Starosta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Elorm J Agra
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Shavonn Smith
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Jason M Duran
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Neil Zalavadia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhou
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Hajime Kubo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Remus M Berretta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.)
| | - Steven R Houser
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (S.M., C.D.T., T.S., T.E.S., E.J.A., S.S., J.M.D., N.Z., H.K., R.M.B., S.R.H.); and Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA (Y.Z.).
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Intravenous Followed by X-ray Fused with MRI-Guided Transendocardial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection Improves Contractility Reserve in a Swine Model of Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:438-48. [PMID: 26374144 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the effects of early intravenous (IV) infusion later followed by transendocardial (TE) injection of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) following myocardial infarction (MI). Twenty-four swine underwent balloon occlusion reperfusion MI and were randomized into 4 groups: IV MSC (or placebo) infusion (post-MI day 2) and TE MSC (or placebo) injection targeting the infarct border with 2D X-ray fluoroscopy fused to 3D magnetic resonance (XFM) co-registration (post-MI day 14). Continuous ECG recording, MRI, and invasive pressure-volume analyses were performed. IV MSC plus TE MSC treated group was superior to other groups for contractility reserve (p = 0.02) and freedom from VT (p = 0.03) but had more lymphocytic foci localized to the peri-infarct region (p = 0.002). No differences were observed in post-MI remodeling parameters. IV followed by XFM targeted TE MSC therapy improves contractility reserve and suppresses VT but does not affect post-MI remodeling and may cause an immune response.
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85
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Altamirano F, Wang ZV, Hill JA. Cardioprotection in ischaemia-reperfusion injury: novel mechanisms and clinical translation. J Physiol 2015; 593:3773-88. [PMID: 26173176 PMCID: PMC4575567 DOI: 10.1113/jp270953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, robust successes have been achieved in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Nevertheless, the prevalence of heart disease, especially heart failure, continues to rise. Among the precipitating aetiologies, ischaemic disease is a leading cause of heart failure. In the context of ischaemia, the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, which elicits a cascade of events that provokes cell death. This ischaemic insult is typically coupled with reperfusion, either spontaneous or therapeutically imposed, wherein blood supply is restored to the previously ischaemic tissue. While this intervention limits ischaemic injury, it triggers a new cascade of events that is also harmful, viz. reperfusion injury. In recent years, novel insights have emerged regarding mechanisms of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and some hold promise as targets of therapeutic relevance. Here, we review a select number of these pathways, focusing on recent discoveries and highlighting prospects for therapeutic manipulation for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
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86
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St Clair JR, Sharpe EJ, Proenza C. Culture and adenoviral infection of sinoatrial node myocytes from adult mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H490-8. [PMID: 26001410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00068.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pacemaker myocytes in the sinoatrial node of the heart initiate each heartbeat by firing spontaneous action potentials. However, the molecular processes that underlie pacemaking are incompletely understood, in part because of our limited ability to manipulate protein expression within the native cellular context of sinoatrial node myocytes (SAMs). Here we describe a new method for the culture of fully differentiated SAMs from adult mice, and we demonstrate that robust expression of introduced proteins can be achieved within 24-48 h in vitro via adenoviral gene transfer. Comparison of morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of 48 h-cultured versus acutely isolated SAMs revealed only minor changes in vitro. Specifically, we found that cells tended to flatten in culture but retained an overall normal morphology, with no significant changes in cellular dimensions or membrane capacitance. Cultured cells beat spontaneously and, in patch-clamp recordings, the spontaneous action potential firing rate did not differ between cultured and acutely isolated cells, despite modest changes in a subset of action potential waveform parameters. The biophysical properties of two membrane currents that are critical for pacemaker activity in SAMs, the "funny current" (If) and voltage-gated Ca(2+) currents (ICa), were also indistinguishable between cultured and acutely isolated cells. This new method for culture and adenoviral infection of fully-differentiated SAMs from the adult mouse heart expands the range of experimental techniques that can be applied to study the molecular physiology of cardiac pacemaking because it will enable studies in which protein expression levels can be modified or genetically encoded reporter molecules expressed within SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R St Clair
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Emily J Sharpe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Catherine Proenza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology - Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
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87
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Balycheva M, Faggian G, Glukhov AV, Gorelik J. Microdomain-specific localization of functional ion channels in cardiomyocytes: an emerging concept of local regulation and remodelling. Biophys Rev 2015; 7:43-62. [PMID: 28509981 PMCID: PMC5425752 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac excitation involves the generation of action potential by individual cells and the subsequent conduction of the action potential from cell to cell through intercellular gap junctions. Excitation of the cellular membrane results in opening of the voltage-gated L-type calcium ion (Ca2+) channels, thereby allowing a small amount of Ca2+ to enter the cell, which in turn triggers the release of a much greater amount of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the intracellular Ca2+ store, and gives rise to the systolic Ca2+ transient and contraction. These processes are highly regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which ensures the acute and reliable contractile function of the heart and the short-term modulation of this function upon changes in heart rate or workload. It has recently become evident that discrete clusters of different ion channels and regulatory receptors are present in the sarcolemma, where they form an interacting network and work together as a part of a macro-molecular signalling complex which in turn allows the specificity, reliability and accuracy of the autonomic modulation of the excitation-contraction processes by a variety of neurohormonal pathways. Disruption in subcellular targeting of ion channels and associated signalling proteins may contribute to the pathophysiology of a variety of cardiac diseases, including heart failure and certain arrhythmias. Recent methodological advances have made it possible to routinely image the topography of live cardiomyocytes, allowing the study of clustering functional ion channels and receptors as well as their coupling within a specific microdomain. In this review we highlight the emerging understanding of the functionality of distinct subcellular microdomains in cardiac myocytes (e.g. T-tubules, lipid rafts/caveolae, costameres and intercalated discs) and their functional role in the accumulation and regulation of different subcellular populations of sodium, Ca2+ and potassium ion channels and their contributions to cellular signalling and cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Balycheva
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Cardiosurgery Department, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Cardiosurgery Department, University of Verona School of Medicine, Verona, Italy
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, 4th Floor National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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88
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Doleschal B, Primessnig U, Wölkart G, Wolf S, Schernthaner M, Lichtenegger M, Glasnov TN, Kappe CO, Mayer B, Antoons G, Heinzel F, Poteser M, Groschner K. TRPC3 contributes to regulation of cardiac contractility and arrhythmogenesis by dynamic interaction with NCX1. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:163-73. [PMID: 25631581 PMCID: PMC4362401 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim TRPC3 is a non-selective cation channel, which forms a Ca2+ entry pathway involved in cardiac remodelling. Our aim was to analyse acute electrophysiological and contractile consequences of TRPC3 activation in the heart. Methods and results We used a murine model of cardiac TRPC3 overexpression and a novel TRPC3 agonist, GSK1702934A, to uncover (patho)physiological functions of TRPC3. GSK1702934A induced a transient, non-selective conductance and prolonged action potentials in TRPC3-overexpressing myocytes but lacked significant electrophysiological effects in wild-type myocytes. GSK1702934A transiently enhanced contractility and evoked arrhythmias in isolated Langendorff hearts from TRPC3-overexpressing but not wild-type mice. Interestingly, pro-arrhythmic effects outlasted TRPC3 current activation, were prevented by enhanced intracellular Ca2+ buffering, and suppressed by the NCX inhibitor 3′,4′-dichlorobenzamil hydrochloride. GSK1702934A substantially promoted NCX currents in TRPC3-overexpressing myocytes. The TRPC3-dependent electrophysiologic, pro-arrhythmic, and inotropic actions of GSK1702934A were mimicked by angiotensin II (AngII). Immunocytochemistry demonstrated colocalization of TRPC3 with NCX1 and disruption of local interaction upon channel activation by either GSK1702934A or AngII. Conclusion Cardiac TRPC3 mediates Ca2+ and Na+ entry in proximity of NCX1, thereby elevating cellular Ca2+ levels and contractility. Excessive activation of TRPC3 is associated with transient cellular Ca2+ overload, spatial uncoupling between TRPC3 and NCX1, and arrhythmogenesis. We propose TRPC3-NCX micro/nanodomain communication as determinant of cardiac contractility and susceptibility to arrhythmogenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Wölkart
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Wolf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Schernthaner
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz 8010, Austria
| | | | - Toma N Glasnov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Continuous Flow Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gudrun Antoons
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Poteser
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Translational Heart Failure Research, Graz, Austria Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, Graz 8010, Austria
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