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Hielscher D, Kaebisch C, Braun BJV, Gray K, Tobiasch E. Stem Cell Sources and Graft Material for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:642-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gu W, Hong X, Potter C, Qu A, Xu Q. Mesenchymal stem cells and vascular regeneration. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 27681821 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, MSCs have emerged as a promising therapeutic cell type in regenerative medicine. They hold great promise for treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and limb ischemia. MSCs may be utilized in both cell-based therapy and vascular graft engineering to restore vascular function, thereby providing therapeutic benefits to patients. The efficacy of MSCs lies in their multipotent differentiation ability toward vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and other cell types, as well as their capacity to secrete various trophic factors, which are potent in promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting apoptosis and modulating immunoreaction. Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of MSC involvement in vascular regeneration will be beneficial in boosting present therapeutic approaches and developing novel ones to treat cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to summarize current progress in characterizing the in vivo identity of MSCs, to discuss mechanisms involved in cell-based therapy utilizing MSCs, and to explore current and future strategies for vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Gu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Claire Potter
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK
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Abstract
During the past decades, stem cell-based therapy has acquired a promising role in regenerative medicine. The application of novel cell therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases could potentially achieve the ambitious aim of effective cardiac regeneration. Despite the highly positive results from preclinical studies, data from phase I/II clinical trials are inconsistent and the improvement of cardiac remodeling and heart performance was found to be quite limited. The major issues which cardiac stem cell therapy is facing include inefficient cell delivery to the site of injury, accompanied by low cell retention and weak effectiveness of remaining stem cells in tissue regeneration. According to preclinical and clinical studies, various stem cells (adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells) represent the most promising cell types so far. Beside the selection of the appropriate cell type, researchers have developed several strategies to produce “second-generation” stem cell products with improved regenerative capacity. Genetic and nongenetic modifications, chemical and physical preconditioning, and the application of biomaterials were found to significantly enhance the regenerative capacity of transplanted stem cells. In this review, we will give an overview of the recent developments in stem cell engineering with the goal to facilitate stem cell delivery and to promote their cardiac regenerative activity.
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Wang D, Li LK, Dai T, Wang A, Li S. Adult Stem Cells in Vascular Remodeling. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:815-829. [PMID: 29344309 PMCID: PMC5771096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the contribution of vascular cells to blood vessel remodeling is critical for the development of new therapeutic approaches to cure cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and regenerate blood vessels. Recent findings suggest that neointimal formation and atherosclerotic lesions involve not only inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, but also several types of stem cells or progenitors in arterial walls and the circulation. Some of these stem cells also participate in the remodeling of vascular grafts, microvessel regeneration, and formation of fibrotic tissue around biomaterial implants. Here we review the recent findings on how adult stem cells participate in CVD development and regeneration as well as the current state of clinical trials in the field, which may lead to new approaches for cardiovascular therapies and tissue engineering.
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Roberts K, Schluns J, Walker A, Jones JD, Quinn KP, Hestekin J, Wolchok JC. Cell derived extracellular matrix fibers synthesized using sacrificial hollow fiber membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:015023. [PMID: 28855424 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of biological scaffolds as adjuncts to synthetic polymers motivates the engineering of fibers formed using the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by cells. To capture the ECM secreted by cells during in vitro culture, a solvent degradable hollow fiber membrane (HFM) was created and utilized as a cell culture platform. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts were injected into the narrow (0.986 ± 0.042 mm) lumina of mesoporous polysulfone HFMs and maintained in culture for up to 3 weeks. Following cell culture, HFMs were dissolved using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the accumulated ECM was collected. The ECM retained the filamentous dimensions of the HFM lumen. The process yielded up to 0.89 ± 0.20 mg of ECM for every mm of HFM dissolved. Immunofluorescence, second-harmonic generation microscopy, and tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of an array of ECM constituents, including collagen, fibronectin, and proteoglycans, while FTIR spectra suggested thorough HFM material dissolution. Isolated ECM fibers, although fragile, were amenable to handling and exhibited an average elastic modulus of 34.6 ± 15.3 kPa, ultimate tensile strength of 5.2 ± 2.2 kPa, and elongation-at-break of 29% ± 18%. ECM fibers consisted of an interconnected yet porous (32.7% ± 5.8% open space) network which supported the attachment and in vitro proliferation of mammalian cells. ECM fibers were similarly synthesized using muscle and astrocyte cells, suggesting process robustness across different cell types. Ultimately, these ECM fibers could be utilized as an alternative to synthetics for the manufacture of woven meshes targeting wound healing or regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roberts
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, 850 W Dickson St., Rm. 601, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America
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Del Giudice C, Ifergan G, Goudot G, Bellamy V, Messas E, Clement O, Bruneval P, Menasche P, Sapoval M. Evaluation of a new model of hind limb ischemia in rabbits. J Vasc Surg 2017; 68:849-857. [PMID: 29074110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various animal models of critical limb ischemia have been developed in the past. However, there is no animal model that can undergo endovascular treatment, while providing reproducible true critical limb ischemia with arterial ulcers and rest pain. We evaluated the efficacy of a new model of rabbit hindlimb ischemia created through a percutaneous approach using embolization with calibrated particles. METHODS Through a percutaneous transauricular artery approach and selective catheterization of the superficial femoral artery, embolization of distal limb vessels was performed using a mixture of 300- to 500-μm calibrated microparticles (Embosphere, Merit Medical, Salt Lake City, Utah), saline solution, and iodine contrast. Clinical and ultrasound imaging-based blood flow evaluation was performed before embolization and during follow-up. Histologic evaluation was performed at humane killing 14 days after the procedure. RESULTS The model was successfully created in 10 rabbits (10 limbs). One rabbit died of sudden death at 8 days after the procedure. The nine surviving rabbits developed hind ulcers. All rabbits had a higher pain score in the follow-up compared to baseline value (P < .0001). Blood flow in the saphenous artery decreased significantly after the procedure and later at 14 days follow-up (baseline value 63.4 ± 31.3 μL per cardiac cycle vs 32.0 ± 28.4 μL per cardiac cycle postprocedure [P = .0013] and 32.0 ± 28.4 μL per cardiac cycle at 14 days [P = .0015]). Pathology showed signs of severe limb ischemia in all rabbits with subacute and chronic injury patterns. CONCLUSIONS A rabbit hind limb ischemia model created by percutaneous transauricular distal femoral artery embolization with calibrated particles may overcome some of the limitations of existing animal models. As such, this model could prove useful for assessing therapies designed to improve arterial perfusion and collateral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Del Giudice
- Vascular and Oncological Interventional Radiology, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel Ifergan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Goudot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Angiology, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Bellamy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Messas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Angiology, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Clement
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Radiology, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sapoval
- Vascular and Oncological Interventional Radiology, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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López-Cebral R, Silva-Correia J, Reis RL, Silva TH, Oliveira JM. Peripheral Nerve Injury: Current Challenges, Conventional Treatment Approaches, and New Trends in Biomaterials-Based Regenerative Strategies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3098-3122. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. López-Cebral
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. Silva-Correia
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - T. H. Silva
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs, PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Characterisation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells under shear stress using an easy-to-use microfluidic cell culture system. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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59
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Nasti A, Sakai Y, Seki A, Buffa GB, Komura T, Mochida H, Yamato M, Yoshida K, Ho TTB, Takamura M, Usui S, Wada T, Honda M, Kaneko S. The CD45 + fraction in murine adipose tissue derived stromal cells harbors immune-inhibitory inflammatory cells. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2163-2174. [PMID: 28891216 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells in adipose tissue are useful for repair/regenerative therapy as they harbor a substantial number of mesenchymal stem cells; therefore, freshly isolated autologous uncultured adipose tissue derived stromal cells (u-ADSCs) are useful for regenerative therapy, and obviate the need for mesenchymal stem cells. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of murine u-ADSCs and sorted subsets of u-ADSCs in a concanavalin A (ConA) induced murine model of hepatitis, as well as their characteristics. We found that 10-20% of u-ADSCs expressed the CD45 leukocyte-related antigen. CD68, which is a marker of macrophages (MΦs), was expressed by 50% of CD45+ u-ADSCs. About 90% of CD68+ CD45+ cells expressed CD206 antigen, which is a marker of inhibitory M2-type MΦs. Genes related to M2-type MUs were especially more highly expressed by CD45+ CD206+ u-ADSCs than by CD45- u-ADSCs. CD45+ u-ADSCs inhibited the expression of cytokines/chemokines and suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes stimulated with ConA. We observed that not only whole u-ADSCs, but also the CD45+ subset of u-ADSCs ameliorated the ConA-induced hepatitis in mice. In conclusion, we show that freshly isolated murine u-ADSCs were effective against acute hepatitis, and CD45+ u-ADSCs acting phenotypically and functionally like M2-type MΦs, contributed to the repair of liver tissue undergoing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Nasti
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sakai
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Akihiro Seki
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Geraldine Belen Buffa
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Takuya Komura
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Hatsune Mochida
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yamato
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshida
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Tuyen T B Ho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Soichiro Usui
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- School of Medicine, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Masao Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.,School of Medicine, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan
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Iqbal F, Gratch YS, Szaraz P, Librach CL. The Aortic Ring Co-culture Assay: A Convenient Tool to Assess the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vitro. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994816 DOI: 10.3791/56083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex, highly regulated process responsible for providing and maintaining adequate tissue perfusion. Insufficient vasculature maintenance and pathological malformations can result in severe ischemic diseases, while overly abundant vascular development is associated with cancer and inflammatory disorders. A promising form of pro-angiogenic therapy is the use of angiogenic cell sources, which can provide regulatory factors as well as physical support for newly developing vasculature. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are extensively investigated candidates for vascular regeneration due to their paracrine effects and their ability to detect and home to ischemic or inflamed tissues. In particular, first trimester human umbilical cord perivascular cells (FTM HUCPVCs) are a highly promising candidate due to their pericyte-like properties, high proliferative and multilineage potential, immune-privileged properties, and robust paracrine profile. To effectively evaluate potentially angiogenic regenerative cells, it is a requisite to test them in reliable and "translatable" pre-clinical assays. The aortic ring assay is an ex vivo angiogenesis model that allows for easy quantification of tubular endothelial structures, provides accessory supportive cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) from the host, excludes inflammatory components, and is fast and inexpensive to set up. This is advantageous when compared to in vivo models (e.g., corneal assay, Matrigel plug assay); the aortic ring assay can track the administered cells and observe intercellular interactions while avoiding xeno-immune rejection. We present a protocol for a novel application of the aortic ring assay, which includes human MSCs in co-cultures with developing rat aortic endothelial networks. This assay allows for the analysis of the MSC contribution to tube formation and development through physical pericyte-like interactions and of their potency for actively migrating to sites of angiogenesis, and for evaluating their ability to perform and mediate ECM processing. This protocol provides further information on changes in MSC phenotype and gene expression following co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwah Iqbal
- Create Fertility Centre; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto;
| | | | - Peter Szaraz
- Create Fertility Centre; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto
| | - Clifford L Librach
- Create Fertility Centre; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's College Hospital
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61
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Iqbal F, Szaraz P, Librach M, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach CL. Angiogenic potency evaluation of cell therapy candidates by a novel application of the in vitro aortic ring assay. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:184. [PMID: 28807010 PMCID: PMC5557530 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to limitations of current angiogenesis assays, we aimed to develop a novel application of the rat aortic ring assay to assess the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). First-trimester human umbilical cord-derived perivascular cells (FTM HUCPVCs) have multipotent characteristics and previously demonstrated angiogenic potential. We compared the effect of this young source of MSCs and adult bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on ex vivo aortic endothelial network formation. Methods Thoracic segments of adult rat aortas were isolated, sectioned and embedded into Matrigel™. Fluorophore-labeled FTM HUCPVC lines and BMSCs (N = 3) were cocultured with developing endothelial networks (day 0). MSC integration, tube formation and endothelial network growth were monitored daily using phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Quantification of endothelial networks was performed using ImageJ network analysis software on day 5 of coculture. Results FTM HUCPVCs from two umbilical cord samples migrated toward and integrated with developing aortic ring tubular networks while displaying elongated morphologies (day 1). In contrast, BMSCs did not show targeted migration and maintained spherical morphologies with limited physical interactions. Within 1 week of coculture, FTM HUCPVC lines contributed to significantly greater radial network growth and network loop formation when compared to BMSCs and untreated networks. Conclusions We have developed a novel potency assay to assess the angiogenic potential of cell therapy candidates. Favorable properties of FTM HUCPVCs over BMSCs that we observed with this assay and which merit further study include chemotaxis, affinity for developing vasculature, and physical supportive interactions contributing to the development of endothelial networks. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0631-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwah Iqbal
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 3127, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Peter Szaraz
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 3127, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Matthew Librach
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Andrée Gauthier-Fisher
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada
| | - Clifford L Librach
- The Create Fertility Centre, 790 Bay Street, Suite 412, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1N8, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, 123 Edward Street, Suite 1200, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1E2, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 3127, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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62
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Microlens topography combined with vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into vasculogenic progenitors. Biomaterials 2017; 131:68-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Choi M, Park HH, Choi D, Han U, Park TH, Lee H, Park J, Hong J. Multilayer Nanofilms via Inkjet Printing for Stabilizing Growth Factor and Designing Desired Cell Developments. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28436215 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biologically versatile basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), well known for roles of signaling molecules between cells and regulating various cellular processes, has been proven to utilize specific functionalities. However, the remarkable functions are inclinable to dwindle with decrease of bFGFs' activity. In nanoscale, developing thin films with intrinsic characteristics of building molecules can facilitate handling various materials for desired purposes. Fabricating nanofilm and handling sensitive materials without detriment to activity via highly productive manufacturing are significant for practical uses in the field of biomedical applications. Herein, a multilayered nanofilm fabricating system is developed by inkjet printing to incorporate bFGF successfully. It is demonstrated that water mixed with glycerol as biological ink maintains stability of bFGFs through simulation and experimental study. With highly stable bFGFs, the proliferation of human dermal fibroblast is enhanced and the undifferentiated state of induced pluripotent stem cell is maintained by the controlled release of bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonhyun Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Daheui Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Uiyoung Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-744 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwankyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Dankook University; Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 448-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 200-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science; Chung-Ang University; 84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-gu Seoul 06974 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
In the mid-1990s, my research group began to devise a method to establish endothelial cell cultures from human peripheral blood, with an ultimate goal of examining interindividual heterogeneity of endothelial biology. The initial work, published in the JCI in 2000, described the method enabling successful attainment of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOEC). Truly endothelial, BOEC are progeny of a transplantable cell that originates in bone marrow, a putative endothelial progenitor. Our subsequent experimental work focused upon practical applications of BOEC: their use for gene therapy, tissue engineering, assessment of mutant gene effect, and discovery of heterogeneity in endothelial biology.
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65
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Davis D, Doloman A, Podgorski GJ, Vargis E, Flann NS. Exploiting Self-organization in Bioengineered Systems: A Computational Approach. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:27. [PMID: 28503548 PMCID: PMC5408088 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The productivity of bioengineered cell factories is limited by inefficiencies in nutrient delivery and waste and product removal. Current solution approaches explore changes in the physical configurations of the bioreactors. This work investigates the possibilities of exploiting self-organizing vascular networks to support producer cells within the factory. A computational model simulates de novo vascular development of endothelial-like cells and the resultant network functioning to deliver nutrients and extract product and waste from the cell culture. Microbial factories with vascular networks are evaluated for their scalability, robustness, and productivity compared to the cell factories without a vascular network. Initial studies demonstrate that at least an order of magnitude increase in production is possible, the system can be scaled up, and the self-organization of an efficient vascular network is robust. The work suggests that bioengineered multicellularity may offer efficiency improvements difficult to achieve with physical engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Davis
- Computer Science Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Anna Doloman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Vargis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering has significant potential to make a major impact on a wide array of clinical problems. Continued progress in understanding basic vascular biology will be invaluable in making further advancements. Past and current achievements in tissue engineering of microvasculature to perfuse organ specific constructs, small vessels for dialysis grafts, and modified synthetic and pediatric large caliber-vessel grafts will be discussed. An emphasis will be placed on clinical trial results with small and large-caliber vessel grafts. Challenges to achieving engineered constructs that satisfy the physiologic, immunologic, and manufacturing demands of engineered vasculature will be explored.
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67
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The vascular adventitia: An endogenous, omnipresent source of stem cells in the body. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 171:13-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Safety and Effectiveness of Bone Marrow Cell Concentrate in the Treatment of Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia Utilizing a Rapid Point-of-Care System. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4137626. [PMID: 28194186 PMCID: PMC5282442 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4137626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the end stage of lower extremity peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in which severe obstruction of blood flow results in ischemic rest pain, ulcers and/or gangrene, and a significant risk of limb loss. This open-label, single-arm feasibility study evaluated the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of autologous bone marrow cell (aBMC) concentrate in revascularization of CLI patients utilizing a rapid point-of-care device. Seventeen (17) no-option CLI patients with ischemic rest pain were enrolled in the study. Single dose of aBMC, prepared utilizing an intraoperative point-of-care device, the Res-Q™ 60 BMC system, was injected intramuscularly into the afflicted limb and patients were followed up at regular intervals for 12 months. A statistically significant improvement in Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure (TcPO2), mean rest pain and intermittent claudication pain scores, wound/ ulcer healing, and 6-minute walking distance was observed following aBMC treatment. Major amputation-free survival (mAFS) rate and amputation-free rates (AFR) at 12 months were 70.6% and 82.3%, respectively. In conclusion, aBMC injections were well tolerated with improved tissue perfusion, confirming the safety, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of aBMC treatment in CLI patients.
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69
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Park SS, Moisseiev E, Bauer G, Anderson JD, Grant MB, Zam A, Zawadzki RJ, Werner JS, Nolta JA. Advances in bone marrow stem cell therapy for retinal dysfunction. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 56:148-165. [PMID: 27784628 PMCID: PMC5237620 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The most common cause of untreatable vision loss is dysfunction of the retina. Conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma remain leading causes of untreatable blindness worldwide. Various stem cell approaches are being explored for treatment of retinal regeneration. The rationale for using bone marrow stem cells to treat retinal dysfunction is based on preclinical evidence showing that bone marrow stem cells can rescue degenerating and ischemic retina. These stem cells have primarily paracrine trophic effects although some cells can directly incorporate into damaged tissue. Since the paracrine trophic effects can have regenerative effects on multiple cells in the retina, the use of this cell therapy is not limited to a particular retinal condition. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells are being explored in early clinical trials as therapy for various retinal conditions. These bone marrow stem cells include mesenchymal stem cells, mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells. Autologous therapy requires no systemic immunosuppression or donor matching. Intravitreal delivery of CD34+ cells and mononuclear cells appears to be tolerated and is being explored since some of these cells can home into the damaged retina after intravitreal administration. The safety of intravitreal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells has not been well established. This review provides an update of the current evidence in support of the use of bone marrow stem cells as treatment for retinal dysfunction. The potential limitations and complications of using certain forms of bone marrow stem cells as therapy are discussed. Future directions of research include methods to optimize the therapeutic potential of these stem cells, non-cellular alternatives using extracellular vesicles, and in vivo high-resolution retinal imaging to detect cellular changes in the retina following cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Elad Moisseiev
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Azhar Zam
- UC Davis RISE Eye-Pod Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; UC Davis RISE Eye-Pod Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - John S Werner
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Xiang Q, Hong D, Liao Y, Cao Y, Liu M, Pang J, Zhou J, Wang G, Yang R, Wang M, Xiang AP. Overexpression of Gremlin1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Hindlimb Ischemia in Mice by Enhancing Cell Survival. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:996-1007. [PMID: 27579673 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dongxi Hong
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yan Liao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yong Cao
- Cardiovascular Center; Gaozhou People's Hospital; Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Muyun Liu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jun Pang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital; Guizhou China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical College, Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Renhao Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology; Medical College, Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Maosheng Wang
- Cardiovascular Center; Gaozhou People's Hospital; Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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Human Cord Blood-Derived CD133 +/C-Kit +/Lin - Cells Have Bipotential Ability to Differentiate into Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Outgrowth Endothelial Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7162160. [PMID: 28074098 PMCID: PMC5203918 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7162160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that mononuclear cells (MNCs) derived from bone marrow and cord blood can differentiate into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs). However, controversy exists as to whether MNCs have the pluripotent capacity to differentiate into MSCs or OECs or are a mixture of cell lineage-determined progenitors of MSCs or OECs. Here, using CD133+/C-kit+/Lin− mononuclear cells (CKL− cells) isolated from human umbilical cord blood using magnetic cell sorting, we characterized the potency of MNC differentiation. We first found that CKL− cells cultured with conditioned medium of OECs or MSCs differentiated into OECs or MSCs and this differentiation was also induced by cell-to-cell contact. When we cultured single CKL− cells on OEC- or MSC-conditioned medium, the cells differentiated morphologically and genetically into OEC- or MSC-like cells, respectively. Moreover, we confirmed that OECs or MSCs differentiated from CKL− cells had the ability to form capillary-like structures in Matrigel and differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Finally, using microarray analysis, we identified specific factors of OECs or MSCs that could potentially be involved in the differentiation fate of CKL− cells. Together, these results suggest that cord blood-derived CKL− cells possess at least bipotential differentiation capacity toward MSCs or OECs.
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72
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Malinovskaya NA, Komleva YK, Salmin VV, Morgun AV, Shuvaev AN, Panina YA, Boitsova EB, Salmina AB. Endothelial Progenitor Cells Physiology and Metabolic Plasticity in Brain Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Modeling. Front Physiol 2016; 7:599. [PMID: 27990124 PMCID: PMC5130982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a considerable interest to the assessment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) development as a part of cerebral angiogenesis developmental program. Embryonic and adult angiogenesis in the brain is governed by the coordinated activity of endothelial progenitor cells, brain microvascular endothelial cells, and non-endothelial cells contributing to the establishment of the BBB (pericytes, astrocytes, neurons). Metabolic and functional plasticity of endothelial progenitor cells controls their timely recruitment, precise homing to the brain microvessels, and efficient support of brain angiogenesis. Deciphering endothelial progenitor cells physiology would provide novel engineering approaches to establish adequate microfluidically-supported BBB models and brain microphysiological systems for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alla B. Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
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73
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Zaporozhets T, Besednova N. Prospects for the therapeutic application of sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae in diseases of the cardiovascular system: review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3126-3135. [PMID: 27252012 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1185444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fucoidans are water-soluble, highly sulfated, branched homo- and hetero-polysaccharides derived from the fibrillar cell walls and intercellular spaces of brown seaweeds of the class Phaeophyceae. Fucoidans possess mimetic properties of the natural ligands of protein receptors and regulate functions of biological systems via key signaling molecules. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to collect and combine all available scientific literature about the potential use of the fucoidans for diseases of cardiovascular system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review has been compiled using references from major databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer and Google Scholar (up to September 2015). After obtaining all reports from database (a total number is about 580), the papers were carefully analyzed in order to find data related to the topic of this review (129 references). RESULTS An exhaustive survey of literature revealed that fucoidans possess a broad spectrum of biological activity, including anti-coagulant, hypolipidemic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, anti-adhesive and anti-hypertensive properties. Numerous investigations of fucoidans in diseases of the cardiovascular system mainly focus on pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects. Fucoidans also possess pro-angiogenic and pro-vasculogenic properties. CONCLUSION A great number of investigations in the past years have demonstrated that fucoidans has great potential for in-depth investigation of their effects on cardiovascular system. Through this review, the authors hope to attract the attention of researchers to use fucoidan as mimetic of natural ligand receptor protein with the view of developing new formulations with an improved therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Zaporozhets
- a Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology , Vladivostok , Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Besednova
- a Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology , Vladivostok , Russian Federation
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74
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Abstract
The concept of pericyte has been changing over years. This cell type was believed to possess only a function of trophic support to endothelial cells and to maintain vasculature stabilization. In the last years, the discovery of multipotent ability of perivascular populations led to the concept of vessel/wall niche. Likewise, several perivascular populations have been identified in animal and human bone marrow. In this review, we provide an overview on bone marrow perivascular population, their cross-talk with other niche components, relationship with bone marrow stromal stem cells, and similarities and differences with the perivascular population of the vessel/wall niche. Finally, we focus on the regenerative potential of these cells and the forthcoming challenges related to their use as cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Division of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, UK
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75
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Youssef AA, Ross EG, Bolli R, Pepine CJ, Leeper NJ, Yang PC. The Promise and Challenge of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Applications. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:510-523. [PMID: 28580434 PMCID: PMC5451899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the field of stem cells. iPSCs have demonstrated that biological development is not an irreversible process and that mature adult somatic cells can be induced to become pluripotent. This breakthrough is projected to advance our current understanding of many disease processes and revolutionize the approach to effective therapeutics. Despite the great promise of iPSCs, many translational challenges still remain. In this article, we review the basic concept of induction of pluripotency as a novel approach to understand cardiac regeneration, cardiovascular disease modeling and drug discovery. We critically reflect on the current results of preclinical and clinical studies using iPSCs for these applications with appropriate emphasis on the challenges facing clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Youssef
- Division of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt and Aurora Bay Area Medical Center, Marinette, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elsie Gyang Ross
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
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76
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Elshaer SL, Lorys RE, El-Remessy AB. Cell Therapy and Critical Limb Ischemia: Evidence and Window of Opportunity in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 3. [PMID: 28979948 DOI: 10.15226/2374-8354/3/1/00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Elshaer
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Renee E Lorys
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - A B El-Remessy
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
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77
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Connell JP, Kodali S, Cooke JP. Therapeutic Transdifferentiation: A Novel Approach for Ischemic Syndromes. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2016; 11:176-80. [PMID: 26634026 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-11-3-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The technological development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has overcome many of the limitations of adult and embryonic stem cells. We have found that activation of innate immunity signaling is necessary for this process, as it facilitates epigenetic plasticity in cells by a process called transflammation. More recently, we have discovered that transflammation also facilitates the transdifferentiation of cells directly from one somatic cell type to another. This insight may lead to a promising therapeutic pathway that avoids reverting cells all the way back to pluripotency before achieving a cell type of interest. While there is much therapeutic promise to transflammation and transdifferentiation, there is also evidence that transdifferentiation plays a role in some pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis. Ultimately, better understanding of transflammation will facilitate the development of regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santhisri Kodali
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
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78
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Therapeutic Strategies for Oxidative Stress-Related Cardiovascular Diseases: Removal of Excess Reactive Oxygen Species in Adult Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2483163. [PMID: 27668035 PMCID: PMC5030421 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2483163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that acute and chronic uncontrolled overproduction of oxidative stress-related factors including reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Moreover ROS mediate various signaling pathways underlying vascular inflammation in ischemic tissues. With respect to stem cell-based therapy, several studies clearly indicate that modulating antioxidant production at cellular levels enhances stem/progenitor cell functionalities, including proliferation, long-term survival in ischemic tissues, and complete differentiation of transplanted cells into mature vascular cells. Recently emerging therapeutic strategies involving adult stem cells, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), for treating ischemic CVDs have highlighted the need to control intracellular ROS production, because it critically affects the replicative senescence of ex vivo expanded therapeutic cells. Better understanding of the complexity of cellular ROS in stem cell biology might improve cell survival in ischemic tissues and enhance the regenerative potentials of transplanted stem/progenitor cells. In this review, we will discuss the nature and sources of ROS, drug-based therapeutic strategies for scavenging ROS, and EPC based therapeutic strategies for treating oxidative stress-related CVDs. Furthermore, we will discuss whether primed EPCs pretreated with natural ROS-scavenging compounds are crucial and promising therapeutic strategies for vascular repair.
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79
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Kim M, Kim DI, Kim EK, Kim CW. CXCR4 Overexpression in Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Improves Homing and Engraftment in an Animal Limb Ischemia Model. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:191-204. [PMID: 27501830 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of transplantation of CXCR4-overexpressing adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into a mouse diabetic hindlimb ischemia model on homing and engraftment as early as 48 h after transplant. CXCR4-overexpressing ADSCs were intramuscularly or intravenously injected into diabetic mice with hindlimb ischemia. After 48 h, muscle tissues in the femur and tibia were collected, and the CXCR4 expression pattern was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The homing and engraftment of transplanted CXCR4-overexpressing ADSCs into the ischemic area were significantly increased, and intravenous (systemic) injection resulted in the more effective delivery of stem cells to the target site 48 h posttransplantation. Furthermore, CXCR4-overexpressing ADSCs more efficiently contributed to long-term engraftment and muscle tissue regeneration than normal ADSCs in a limb ischemia model. In addition, the homing and engraftment of ADSCs were correlated with the CXCR4 transfection efficiency. These results demonstrated that enhanced CXCR4 signaling could significantly improve the early homing and engraftment of ADSCs into ischemic areas as well as the long-term engraftment and ultimate muscle tissue regeneration.
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80
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Nie Z, Xu L, Li C, Tian T, Xie P, Chen X, Li B. Association of endothelial progenitor cells and peptic ulcer treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1581-1586. [PMID: 27168776 PMCID: PMC4840543 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and peptic ulcers in patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in association with the efficiency of peptic ulcer treatment. The study recruited healthy subjects and peptic ulcer patients with or without T2DM. All the ulcer patients, including those with and without T2DM, were administered omeprazole for 8 weeks. Peptic ulcer patients with T2DM were additionally treated with glipizide and novolin. Blood samples were then obtained from the three groups following ulcer treatment. CD133+ cells were isolated from the blood samples using magnetic bead selection, and cultured in complete medium 199. Morphological and quantity changes in EPCs were observed by light and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, flow cytometric analysis was used to quantify the number of vascular endothelial cells. The treatment was partially effective in 7 of the 32 peptic ulcer patients without T2DM and 12 of the 32 peptic ulcer patients with T2DM. However, this treatment was ineffective in 20 of the 32 peptic ulcer patients with T2DM. Notably, 25 peptic ulcer patients without T2DM were defined as completely recovered following treatment. In addition, the number of circulating EPCs as well as their colony forming ability was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the peptic ulcer patients with T2DM following ulcer treatment, compared with the other groups. Circulating EPC counts were significantly increased in peptic ulcer patients without T2DM, as compared with the healthy controls. With regards to colony formation, peptic ulcer patients without T2DM did not exhibit improved colony formation ability. In conclusion, the number of circulating EPCs and their colony-forming ability was significantly reduced in peptic ulcer patients with T2DM following ulcer treatment when compared with the other groups. This suggests that the poor curative effect of peptic ulcer treatment in these patients is associated with impairment of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Bojing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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81
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Giordano S, Zhao X, Xing D, Hage F, Oparil S, Cooke JP, Lee J, Nakayama KH, Huang NF, Chen YF. Targeted delivery of human iPS-ECs overexpressing IL-8 receptors inhibits neointimal and inflammatory responses to vascular injury in the rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H705-15. [PMID: 26801304 PMCID: PMC4865064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00587.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL8) is highly expressed by injured arteries in a variety of diseases and is a chemoattractant for neutrophils which express IL8 receptors IL8RA and RB (IL8RA/B) on their membranes. Neutrophils interact with the damaged endothelium and initiate an inflammatory cascade at the site of injury. We have generated a novel translational targeted cell therapy for acute vascular injury using adenoviral vectors to overexpress IL8RA/B and green fluorescent protein (GFP) on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPS-IL8RA/B-ECs). We hypothesize that HiPS-IL8RA/B-ECs transfused intravenously into rats with balloon injury of the carotid artery will target to the injured site and compete with neutrophils, thus inhibiting inflammation and neointima formation. Young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent balloon injury of the right carotid artery and received intravenous transfusion of saline vehicle, 1.5 × 10(6) HiPS-ECs, 1.5 × 10(6) HiPS-Null-ECs, or 1.5 × 10(6) HiPS-IL8RA/B-ECs immediately after endoluminal injury. Tissue distribution of HiPS-IL8RA/B-ECs was analyzed by a novel GFP DNA qPCR method. Cytokine and chemokine expression and leukocyte infiltration were measured in injured and uninjured arteries at 24 h postinjury by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Neointimal, medial areas, and reendothelialization were measured 14 days postinjury. HiPS-IL8RA/B-ECs homed to injured arteries, inhibited inflammatory mediator expression and inflammatory cell infiltration, accelerated reendothelialization, and attenuated neointima formation after endoluminal injury while control HiPS-ECs and HiPS-Null-ECs did not. HiPS-IL8RA/B-ECs transfused into rats with endoluminal carotid artery injury target to the injured artery and provide a novel strategy to treat vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Giordano
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daisy Xing
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Fadi Hage
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Jieun Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Karina H Nakayama
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California; and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yiu-Fai Chen
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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Altabas V, Altabas K, Kirigin L. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ageing and age-related diseases: How currently available treatment modalities affect EPC biology, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular outcomes. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:49-62. [PMID: 26919825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are mononuclear cells that circulate in the blood and are derived from different tissues, expressing cell surface markers that are similar to mature endothelial cells. The discovery of EPCs has lead to new insights in vascular repair and atherosclerosis and also a new theory for ageing. EPCs from the bone marrow and some other organs aid in vascular repair by migrating to distant vessels where they differentiate into mature endothelial cells and replace old and injured endothelial cells. The ability of EPCs to repair vascular damage depends on their number and functionality. Currently marketed drugs used in a variety of diseases can modulate these characteristics. In this review, the effect of currently available treatment options for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders on EPC biology will be discussed. The various EPC-based therapies that will be discussed include lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive agents, antidiabetic drugs, phosphodiesteraze inhibitors, hormones, as well as EPC capturing stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karmela Altabas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lora Kirigin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia.
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83
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Wang J, Chen Y, Yang Y, Xiao X, Chen S, Zhang C, Jacobs B, Zhao B, Bihl J, Chen Y. Endothelial progenitor cells and neural progenitor cells synergistically protect cerebral endothelial cells from Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Brain 2016; 9:12. [PMID: 26842559 PMCID: PMC4738765 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protection of cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced injury is an important strategy for treating ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated whether co-culture with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) synergistically protects cerebral ECs against H/R injury and the underlying mechanism. Results EPCs and NPCs were respectively generated from inducible pluripotent stem cells. Human brain ECs were used to produce an in vitro H/R-injury model. Data showed: 1) Co-culture with EPCs and NPCs synergistically inhibited H/R-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production, apoptosis, and improved the angiogenic and barrier functions (tube formation and permeability) in H/R-injured ECs. 2) Co-culture with NPCs up-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). 3) Co-culture with EPCs and NPCs complementarily increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in conditioned medium, and synergistically up-regulated the expression of p-Akt/Akt and p-Flk1/VEGFR2 in H/R-injured ECs. 4) Those effects could be decreased or abolished by inhibition of both VEGFR2 and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Conclusions Our data demonstrate that EPCs and NPCs synergistically protect cerebral ECs from H/R-injury, via activating the PI3K/Akt pathway which mainly depends on VEGF and BDNF paracrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Yusen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, College of Health Science, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Bradley Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, 45435, Ohio, USA.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ji Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Neurology, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, 45435, Ohio, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, 45435, Ohio, USA.
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84
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Wong WT, Cooke JP. Therapeutic transdifferentiation of human fibroblasts into endothelial cells using forced expression of lineage-specific transcription factors. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416628329. [PMID: 27081470 PMCID: PMC4820020 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416628329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiation is the direct conversion from one somatic cell type into another desired somatic cell type. This reprogramming method offers an attractive approach for regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate that neonatal fibroblasts can be transdifferentiated into endothelial cells using only four endothelial transcription factors, namely, ETV2, FLI1, GATA2, and KLF4. We observed a significant up-regulation of endothelial genes including KDR, CD31, CD144, and vWF in human neonatal foreskin (BJ) fibroblasts infected with the lentiviral construct encoding the open reading frame of the four transcription factors. We observed morphological changes in BJ fibroblasts from the fibroblastic spindle shape into a more endothelial-like cobblestone structures. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that ~16% of the infected cells with the lentiviral constructs encoding 4F expressed CD31. The sorted cells were allowed to expand for 2 weeks and these cells were immunostained and found to express endothelial markers CD31. The induced endothelial cells also incorporated fluorescence-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein and efficiently formed capillary-like networks when seeded on Matrigel. These results suggested that the induced endothelial cells were functional in vitro. Taken together, we successfully demonstrated the direct conversion of human neonatal fibroblasts into endothelial cells by transduction of lentiviral constructs encoding endothelial lineage-specific transcription factors ETV2, FLI1, GATA2, and KLF4. The directed differentiation of fibroblasts into endothelial cells may have significant utility in diseases characterized by fibrosis and loss of microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Tak Wong
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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85
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Wang L, Su W, Du W, Xu Y, Wang L, Kong D, Han Z, Zheng G, Li Z. Gene and MicroRNA Profiling of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:219-27. [PMID: 25618294 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The differentiated cell lineages from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have shown their potential in regenerative medicine. However, the functional and transcriptional microRNA (miRNA) expression pattern during endothelial differentiation has yet to be characterized. METHODS In this study, hESCs and hiPSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs). Then the endothelial-related gene profiling and miRNA profiling of hiPSCs, hESCs, hiPSCs derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs), hESC derived endothelial cells (hESC-ECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were compared using RT-PCR Array. The data was analyzed using the data analysis system on QIAGEN's website. RESULTS Our analysis demonstrated that the endothelial differentiation was triggered after EB formation and the EC-associated genes were up-regulated swiftly in both hESC-EBs and hiPSC-EBs; hiPSC-ECs and hESC-ECs had the similar EC-associated gene expression patterns. Moreover, we report here the first miRNA profiling study of hiPSC-ECs. Analyzing 376 unique miRNAs, we have identified several interesting miRNAs, including miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-222, miR-210, which have been previously reported to be involved in endothelial differentiation and show surprising expression patterns across our samples. We also identified novel miRNAs, such as miR-125a-5p, miR-149, miR-296-5p, miR-100, miR-27b, miR-181a and miR-137, which were up-regulated in both hiPSC-ECs and hESC-ECs during endothelial differentiation. CONCLUSION hiPSC-ECs and hESC-ECs exhibited a high degree of similarity with HUVECs in EC-associated genes expression. And the miRNA profiling analysis revealed significant differences between hiPSCs and hESCs, but a high degree of similarity between hiPSC-ECs and hESC-ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
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86
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Kreuger J, Phillipson M. Targeting vascular and leukocyte communication in angiogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 15:125-42. [PMID: 26612664 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of vascular permeability, recruitment of leukocytes from blood to tissue and angiogenesis are all processes that occur at the level of the microvasculature during both physiological and pathological conditions. The interplay between microvascular cells and leukocytes during inflammation, together with the emerging roles of leukocytes in the modulation of the angiogenic process, make leukocyte-vascular interactions prime targets for therapeutics to potentially treat a wide range of diseases, including pathological and dysfunctional vessel growth, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss how the different cell types that are present in and around microvessels interact, cooperate and instruct each other, and in this context we highlight drug targets as well as emerging druggable processes that can be exploited to restore tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Kreuger
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Uppsala, 75123, Sweden
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87
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Mohamed Omer S, Krishna SM, Li J, Moxon JV, Nsengiyumva V, Golledge J. The efficacy of extraembryonic stem cells in improving blood flow within animal models of lower limb ischaemia. Heart 2015; 102:69-74. [PMID: 26573094 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell (SC) administration is a potential therapeutic strategy to improve blood supply in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the efficacy of extraembryonic tissue-derived SC (ETSC) in improving blood flow within animal models of hindlimb ischaemia (HLI). METHODS PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science were searched to identify studies which investigated ETSCs within animal HLI models. A meta-analysis was performed focusing on the effect of ETSCs on limb blood flow assessed by laser Doppler imaging using a random effects model. Methodological quality was assessed using a newly devised quality assessment tool. RESULTS Five studies investigating umbilical cord-derived SCs (three studies), placental SCs (one study), amnion and chorionic SCs (one study) were included. A meta-analysis suggested that administration of ETSCs improved the restoration of blood flow within the HLI models used. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed as poor. Problems identified included lack of randomised design and blinding of outcome assessors; that the animal models did not incorporate recognised risk factors for human PAD or atherosclerosis; the models used did not have established chronic ischaemia as is the cases in most patients presenting with PAD; and the studies lacked a clear rationale for the dosage and frequency of SCs administered. CONCLUSIONS The identified studies suggest that ETSCs improve recovery of limb blood supply within current animal HLI models. Improved study quality is, however, needed to provide support for the likelihood of translating these findings to patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safraz Mohamed Omer
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Smriti Murali Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jiaze Li
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph Vaughan Moxon
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vianne Nsengiyumva
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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88
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Gaffey AC, Chen MH, Venkataraman CM, Trubelja A, Rodell CB, Dinh PV, Hung G, MacArthur JW, Soopan RV, Burdick JA, Atluri P. Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels used to deliver endothelial progenitor cells, enhance cell engraftment, and improve ischemic myocardium. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:1268-76. [PMID: 26293548 PMCID: PMC4637242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical translation of cell-based therapies for ischemic heart disease has been limited because of low cell retention (<1%) within, and poor targeting to, ischemic myocardium. To address these issues, we developed an injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) shear-thinning hydrogel (STG) and endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) construct (STG-EPC). The STG assembles as a result of interactions of adamantine- and β-cyclodextrin-modified HA. It is shear-thinning to permit delivery via a syringe, and self-heals upon injection within the ischemic myocardium. This directed therapy to the ischemic myocardial border zone enables direct cell delivery to address adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction. We hypothesize that this system will enhance vasculogenesis to improve myocardial stabilization in the context of a clinically translatable therapy. METHODS Endothelial progenitor cells (DiLDL(+) VEGFR2(+) CD34(+)) were harvested from adult male rats, cultured, and suspended in the STG. In vitro viability was quantified using a live-dead stain of EPCs. The STG-EPC constructs were injected at the border zone of ischemic rat myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation). The migration of the enhanced green fluorescent proteins from the construct to ischemic myocardium was analyzed using fluorescent microscopy. Vasculogenesis, myocardial remodeling, and hemodynamic function were analyzed in 4 groups: control (phosphate buffered saline injection); intramyocardial injection of EPCs alone; injection of the STG alone; and treatment with the STG-EPC construct. Hemodynamics and ventricular geometry were quantified using echocardiography and Doppler flow analysis. RESULTS Endothelial progenitor cells demonstrated viability within the STG. A marked increase in EPC engraftment was observed 1-week postinjection within the treated myocardium with gel delivery, compared with EPC injection alone (17.2 ± 0.8 cells per high power field (HPF) vs 3.5 cells ± 1.3 cells per HPF, P = .0002). A statistically significant increase in vasculogenesis was noted with the STG-EPC construct (15.3 ± 5.8 vessels per HPF), compared with the control (P < .0001), EPC (P < .0001), and STG (P < .0001) groups. Statistically significant improvements in ventricular function, scar fraction, and geometry were noted after STG-EPC treatment compared with the control. CONCLUSIONS A novel injectable shear-thinning HA hydrogel seeded with EPCs enhanced cell retention and vasculogenesis after delivery to ischemic myocardium. This therapy limited adverse myocardial remodeling while preserving contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Minna H Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chantel M Venkataraman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | - Patrick V Dinh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - George Hung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - John W MacArthur
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Renganaden V Soopan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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89
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Chan XY, Black R, Dickerman K, Federico J, Lévesque M, Mumm J, Gerecht S. Three-Dimensional Vascular Network Assembly From Diabetic Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2677-85. [PMID: 26449749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In diabetics, hyperglycemia results in deficient endothelial progenitors and cells, leading to cardiovascular complications. We aim to engineer 3-dimensional (3D) vascular networks in synthetic hydrogels from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), to serve as a transformative autologous vascular therapy for diabetic patients. APPROACH AND RESULTS We validated and optimized an adherent, feeder-free differentiation procedure to derive early vascular cells (EVCs) with high portions of vascular endothelial cadherin-positive cells from hiPSCs. We demonstrate similar differentiation efficiency from hiPSCs derived from healthy donor and patients with T1D. T1D-hiPSC-derived vascular endothelial cadherin-positive cells can mature to functional endothelial cells-expressing mature markers: von Willebrand factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase are capable of lectin binding and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, form cords in Matrigel and respond to tumor necrosis factor-α. When embedded in engineered hyaluronic acid hydrogels, T1D-EVCs undergo morphogenesis and assemble into 3D networks. When encapsulated in a novel hypoxia-inducible hydrogel, T1D-EVCs respond to low oxygen and form 3D networks. As xenografts, T1D-EVCs incorporate into developing zebrafish vasculature. CONCLUSIONS Using our robust protocol, we can direct efficient differentiation of T1D-hiPSC to EVCs. Early endothelial cells derived from T1D-hiPSC are functional when mature. T1D-EVCs self-assembled into 3D networks when embedded in hyaluronic acid and hypoxia-inducible hydrogels. The capability of T1D-EVCs to assemble into 3D networks in engineered matrices and to respond to a hypoxic microenvironment is a significant advancement for autologous vascular therapy in diabetic patients and has broad importance for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Chan
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca Black
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kayla Dickerman
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joseph Federico
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mathieu Lévesque
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeff Mumm
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- From the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology (X.Y.C., R.B., K.D., J.F., S.G.) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering (S.G.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute (M.L., J.M.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (M.L., J.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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90
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Joo HJ, Song S, Seo HR, Shin JH, Choi SC, Park JH, Yu CW, Hong SJ, Lim DS. Human endothelial colony forming cells from adult peripheral blood have enhanced sprouting angiogenic potential through up-regulating VEGFR2 signaling. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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91
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Stace ET, Dakin SG, Mouthuy PA, Carr AJ. Translating Regenerative Biomaterials Into Clinical Practice. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:36-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Stace
- National Institute of Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; Oxford United Kingdom
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie G. Dakin
- National Institute of Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; Oxford United Kingdom
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- National Institute of Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; Oxford United Kingdom
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- National Institute of Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit; Oxford United Kingdom
- Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences; University of Oxford; Oxford United Kingdom
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92
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Xie N, Li Z, Adesanya TM, Guo W, Liu Y, Fu M, Kilic A, Tan T, Zhu H, Xie X. Transplantation of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances angiogenesis after ischemic limb injury in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:29-37. [PMID: 26282458 PMCID: PMC4717860 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell‐based therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential effects of human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) on mouse hindlimb ischemia. PMSCs were isolated from human placenta tissue and characterized by flow cytometry. An in vivo surgical ligation‐induced murine limb ischemia model was generated with fluorescent dye (CM‐DiI) labelled PMSCs delivered via intramuscular injection. Our data show that PMSCs treatment significantly enhanced microvessel density, improved blood perfusion and diminished pathologies in ischemic mouse hindlimbs as compared to those in the control group. Further immunostaining studies suggested that injected PMSCs can incorporate into the vasculature and differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells to enhance angiogenesis in ischemic hind limbs. This may in part explain the beneficial effects of PMSCs treatment. Taken together, we found that PMSCs treatment might be an effective treatment modality for treatment of ischemia‐induced injury to mouse hind limbs by enhancement of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanzi Xie
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Division of General Surgery, Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Timothy M Adesanya
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weixin Guo
- Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghuan Fu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmet Kilic
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Division of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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93
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Cooke JP, Sayed N, Lee J, Wong WT. Innate immunity and epigenetic plasticity in cellular reprogramming. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 28:89-91. [PMID: 25461456 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to express the features of pluripotent cells, in that they can be differentiated into all three germ layers, and that they have the ability to replicate indefinitely. Recent studies suggest that the efficient induction of pluripotency requires the activation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, United States.
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, United States
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, United States
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, United States
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94
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Sin J, Mangale V, Thienphrapa W, Gottlieb RA, Feuer R. Recent progress in understanding coxsackievirus replication, dissemination, and pathogenesis. Virology 2015; 484:288-304. [PMID: 26142496 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackieviruses (CVs) are relatively common viruses associated with a number of serious human diseases, including myocarditis and meningo-encephalitis. These viruses are considered cytolytic yet can persist for extended periods of time within certain host tissues requiring evasion from the host immune response and a greatly reduced rate of replication. A member of Picornaviridae family, CVs have been historically considered non-enveloped viruses - although recent evidence suggest that CV and other picornaviruses hijack host membranes and acquire an envelope. Acquisition of an envelope might provide distinct benefits to CV virions, such as resistance to neutralizing antibodies and efficient nonlytic viral spread. CV exhibits a unique tropism for progenitor cells in the host which may help to explain the susceptibility of the young host to infection and the establishment of chronic disease in adults. CVs have also been shown to exploit autophagy to maximize viral replication and assist in unconventional release from target cells. In this article, we review recent progress in clarifying virus replication and dissemination within the host cell, identifying determinants of tropism, and defining strategies utilized by the virus to evade the host immune response. Also, we will highlight unanswered questions and provide future perspectives regarding the potential mechanisms of CV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Sin
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vrushali Mangale
- The Integrated Regenerative Research Institute (IRRI) at San Diego State University, Cell & Molecular Biology Joint Doctoral Program, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | - Wdee Thienphrapa
- The Integrated Regenerative Research Institute (IRRI) at San Diego State University, Cell & Molecular Biology Joint Doctoral Program, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ralph Feuer
- The Integrated Regenerative Research Institute (IRRI) at San Diego State University, Cell & Molecular Biology Joint Doctoral Program, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4614, USA.
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95
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Chen YB, Lan YW, Hung TH, Chen LG, Choo KB, Cheng WTK, Lee HS, Chong KY. Mesenchymal stem cell-based HSP70 promoter-driven VEGFA induction by resveratrol promotes angiogenesis in a mouse model. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:643-52. [PMID: 25860916 PMCID: PMC4463926 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies of stem cell-based gene therapy have indicated that long-lasting regeneration following vessel ischemia may be stimulated through VEGFA gene therapy and/or MSC transplantation for reduction of ischemic injury in limb ischemia and heart failure. The therapeutic potential of MSC transplantation can be further improved by genetically modifying MSCs with genes which enhance angiogenesis following ischemic injury. In the present study, we aimed to develop an approach in MSC-based therapy for repair and mitigation of ischemic injury and regeneration of damaged tissues in ischemic disease. HSP70 promoter-driven VEGFA expression was induced by resveratrol (RSV) in MSCs, and in combination with known RSV biological functions, the protective effects of our approach were investigated by using ex vivo aortic ring coculture system and a 3D scaffolds in vivo model. Results of this investigation demonstrated that HSP promoter-driven VEGFA expression in MSC increased approximately 2-fold over the background VEGFA levels upon HSP70 promoter induction by RSV. Exposure of HUVEC cells to medium containing MSC in which VEGFA had been induced by cis-RSV enhanced tube formation in the treated HUVEC cells. RSV-treated MSC cells differentiated into endothelial-like phenotypes, exhibiting markedly elevated expression of endothelial cell markers. These MSCs also induced aortic ring sprouting, characteristic of neovascular formation from pre-existing vessels, and additionally promoted neovascularization at the MSC transplantation site in a mouse model. These observations support a hypothesis that VEGFA expression induced by cis-RSV acting on the HSP70 promoter in transplanted MSC augments the angiogenic effects of stem cell gene therapy. The use of an inducible system also vastly reduces possible clinical risks associated with constitutive VEGFA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Bin Chen
- />Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Tsai-Hsien Hung
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- />Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kong-Bung Choo
- />Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre for Stem Cell Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Winston TK Cheng
- />Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- />Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- />Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan Republic of China
- />Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan Republic of China
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96
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Cores J, Caranasos TG, Cheng K. Magnetically Targeted Stem Cell Delivery for Regenerative Medicine. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:526-46. [PMID: 26133387 PMCID: PMC4598669 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play a special role in the body as agents of self-renewal and auto-reparation for tissues and organs. Stem cell therapies represent a promising alternative strategy to regenerate damaged tissue when natural repairing and conventional pharmacological intervention fail to do so. A fundamental impediment for the evolution of stem cell therapies has been the difficulty of effectively targeting administered stem cells to the disease foci. Biocompatible magnetically responsive nanoparticles are being utilized for the targeted delivery of stem cells in order to enhance their retention in the desired treatment site. This noninvasive treatment-localization strategy has shown promising results and has the potential to mitigate the problem of poor long-term stem cell engraftment in a number of organ systems post-delivery. In addition, these same nanoparticles can be used to track and monitor the cells in vivo, using magnetic resonance imaging. In the present review we underline the principles of magnetic targeting for stem cell delivery, with a look at the logic behind magnetic nanoparticle systems, their manufacturing and design variants, and their applications in various pathological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill & NC State University, NC 27606, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Thomas G Caranasos
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC-Chapel Hill & NC State University, NC 27606, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
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97
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Histone Demethylases KDM4A and KDM4C Regulate Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells to Endothelial Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:10-21. [PMID: 26120059 PMCID: PMC4618442 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding epigenetic mechanisms regulating embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation to endothelial cells may lead to increased efficiency of generation of vessel wall endothelial cells needed for vascular engineering. Here we demonstrated that the histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM4C played an indispensable but independent role in mediating the expression of fetal liver kinase (Flk)1 and VE-cadherin, respectively, and thereby the transition of mouse ESCs (mESCs) to endothelial cells. KDM4A was shown to bind to histones associated with the Flk1 promoter and KDM4C to bind to histones associated with the VE-cadherin promoter. KDM4A and KDM4C were also both required for capillary tube formation and vasculogenesis in mice. We observed in zebrafish that KDM4A depletion induced more severe vasculogenesis defects than KDM4C depletion, reflecting the early involvement of KDM4A in specifying endothelial cell fate. These findings together demonstrate the essential role of KDM4A and KDM4C in orchestrating mESC differentiation to endothelial cells through the activation of Flk1 and VE-cadherin promoters, respectively.
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98
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Clayton ZE, Sadeghipour S, Patel S. Generating induced pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells and induced endothelial cells for cardiovascular disease modelling and therapeutic angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:116-22. [PMID: 26123569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Standard therapy for atherosclerotic coronary and peripheral arterial disease is insufficient in a significant number of patients because extensive disease often precludes effective revascularization. Stem cell therapy holds promise as a supplementary treatment for these patients, as pre-clinical and clinical research has shown transplanted cells can promote angiogenesis via direct and paracrine mechanisms. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a novel cell type obtained by reprogramming somatic cells using exogenous transcription factor cocktails, which have been introduced to somatic cells via viral or plasmid constructs, modified mRNA or small molecules. IPSCs are now being used in disease modelling and drug testing and are undergoing their first clinical trial, but despite recent advances, the inefficiency of the reprogramming process remains a major limitation, as does the lack of consensus regarding the optimum transcription factor combination and delivery method and the uncertainty surrounding the genetic and epigenetic stability of iPSCs. IPSCs have been successfully differentiated into vascular endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) and, more recently, induced endothelial cells (iECs) have also been generated by direct differentiation, which bypasses the pluripotent intermediate. IPSC-ECs and iECs demonstrate endothelial functionality in vitro and have been shown to promote neovessel growth and enhance blood flow recovery in animal models of myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease. Challenges remain in optimising the efficiency, safety and fidelity of the reprogramming and endothelial differentiation processes and establishing protocols for large-scale production of clinical-grade, patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Clayton
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - S Sadeghipour
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - S Patel
- Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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99
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Abstract
The vasculature plays an indispensible role in organ development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, such that disturbances to it impact greatly on developmental and postnatal health. Although cell turnover in healthy blood vessels is low, it increases considerably under pathological conditions. The principle sources for this phenomenon have long been considered to be the recruitment of cells from the peripheral circulation and the re-entry of mature cells in the vessel wall back into cell cycle. However, recent discoveries have also uncovered the presence of a range of multipotent and lineage-restricted progenitor cells in the mural layers of postnatal blood vessels, possessing high proliferative capacity and potential to generate endothelial, smooth muscle, hematopoietic or mesenchymal cell progeny. In particular, the tunica adventitia has emerged as a progenitor-rich compartment with niche-like characteristics that support and regulate vascular wall progenitor cells. Preliminary data indicate the involvement of some of these vascular wall progenitor cells in vascular disease states, adding weight to the notion that the adventitia is integral to vascular wall pathogenesis, and raising potential implications for clinical therapies. This review discusses the current body of evidence for the existence of vascular wall progenitor cell subpopulations from development to adulthood and addresses the gains made and significant challenges that lie ahead in trying to accurately delineate their identities, origins, regulatory pathways, and relevance to normal vascular structure and function, as well as disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine (R.D.S.)
| | - Robert D Simari
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine (R.D.S.).
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100
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Lee S, Valmikinathan CM, Byun J, Kim S, Lee G, Mokarram N, Pai SB, Um E, Bellamkonda RV, Yoon YS. Enhanced therapeutic neovascularization by CD31-expressing cells and embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells engineered with chitosan hydrogel containing VEGF-releasing microtubes. Biomaterials 2015; 63:158-67. [PMID: 26102992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various stem cells and their progeny have been used therapeutically for vascular regeneration. One of the major hurdles for cell-based therapy is low cell retention in vivo, and to improve cell survival several biomaterials have been used to encapsulate cells before transplantation. Vascular regeneration involves new blood vessel formation which consists of two processes, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. While embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived endothelial cells (ESC-ECs) have clearer vasculogenic potency, adult cells exert their effects mainly through paracrine angiogenic activities. While these two cells have seemingly complementary advantages, there have not been any studies to date combining these two cell types for vascular regeneration. We have developed a novel chitosan-based hydrogel construct that encapsulates both CD31-expressing BM-mononuclear cells (BM-CD31(+) cells) and ESC-ECs, and is loaded with VEGF-releasing microtubes. This cell construct showed high cell survival and minimal cytotoxicity in vitro. When implanted into a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, it induced robust cell retention, neovascularization through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and efficiently induced recovery of blood flow in ischemic hindlimbs. This chitosan-based hydrogel encapsulating mixed adult and embryonic cell derivatives and containing VEGF can serve as a novel platform for treating various cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chandra M Valmikinathan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jaemin Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sangsung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Geehee Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nassir Mokarram
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S Balakrishna Pai
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Elisa Um
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ravi V Bellamkonda
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Young-sup Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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