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Waqas M, Kuo CC, Dossani RH, Monteiro A, Baig AA, Alkhaldi M, Cappuzzo JM, Levy EI, Siddiqui AH. Mechanical thrombectomy versus intravenous thrombolysis for distal large-vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 51:E5. [PMID: 34198258 DOI: 10.3171/2021.4.focus21139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While several studies have compared the feasibility and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for distal large-vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes in patients, few studies have compared MT with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) alone. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness and safety between MT and standard medical management with IVT alone for patients with distal LVOs. METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Library were searched in order to identify studies that directly compared MT with IVT for distal LVOs (anterior cerebral artery A2, middle cerebral artery M3-4, and posterior cerebral artery P2-4). Primary outcomes of interest included a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 2 at 90 days posttreatment, occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and all-cause mortality at 90 days posttreatment. RESULTS Four studies representing a total of 381 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that the proportion of patients with an mRS score of 0 to 2 at 90 days (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.23-5.93; p = 0.861), the occurrence of sICH (OR 2.45, 95% CI 0.75-8.03; p = 0.140), and the mortality rate at 90 days (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.66-4.55; p = 0.263) did not differ between patients who underwent MT and those who received IVT alone. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference between MT and standard medical management with regard to favorable outcome, occurrence of sICH, or 90-day mortality. Prospective clinical trials are needed to further compare the efficacy of MT with IVT alone for distal vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo
| | | | - Rimal H Dossani
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo
| | - Andre Monteiro
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo
| | - Ammad A Baig
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo
| | - Modhi Alkhaldi
- 4Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Justin M Cappuzzo
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo
| | - Elad I Levy
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo.,5Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo.,6Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York; and.,7Radiology
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Departments of1Neurosurgery and.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo.,5Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo.,6Jacobs Institute, Buffalo, New York; and.,7Radiology
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Kappelhof M, Ospel J, Kashani N, Cimflova P, Singh N, Almekhlafi MA, Menon BK, Fiehler J, Chen M, Sakai N, Goyal M. Influence of intravenous alteplase on endovascular treatment decision-making in acute ischemic stroke due to primary medium-vessel occlusion: a case-based survey study. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 14:neurintsurg-2021-017471. [PMID: 34035152 PMCID: PMC9016248 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-017471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Intravenous alteplase is currently the only evidence-based treatment for medium-vessel occlusion stroke (MeVO; M2/3, A2/3, and P2/3 vessel segment occlusions), but due to its limited efficacy, endovascular treatment (EVT) is increasingly performed in these patients. In this case-based survey study, we examined the influence of intravenous alteplase treatment on physicians’ decision-making for EVT in primary MeVO stroke. Methods In an international web-based survey among physicians involved in acute stroke care, participants provided their EVT decision for six quasi-identical fictional MeVO case scenarios (three with and without intravenous alteplase administered). Each scenario showed radiological images and clinical information in the form of a short case vignette. We compared EVT decisions (“immediate EVT”, “no EVT”, or “wait for alteplase effect” [in case scenarios with alteplase treatment only]) for case scenarios with and without alteplase treatment. Clustered multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of alteplase on treatment decision. Results The survey was completed by 366 physicians from 44 countries, resulting in 2196 responses included in this study. In alteplase-treated cases, 641/1098 (58.4%) responses favored immediate EVT, (279/1098 [25.4%]) favored no EVT and 178/1098 (16.2%) opted to wait for alteplase effect. In non-alteplase-treated case scenarios, 846/1098 (78.7%) were in favor of and 252/1098 (21.3%) against EVT. Intravenous alteplase was associated with a lower chance of a decision in favor of immediate EVT (adjusted OR 0.38 [95%CI 0.31 to 0.46]). Conclusions Intravenous alteplase is an important factor in EVT decision-making for MeVO stroke. However, even in alteplase-treated patients, more than half of the physicians decided to proceed with EVT without waiting for alteplase effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Kappelhof
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands .,Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Johanna Ospel
- Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nima Kashani
- Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Petra Cimflova
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nishita Singh
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Almekhlafi
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Chen
- Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Sakai
- Neurosurgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mayank Goyal
- Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Haring J, Mako M, Haršány J, Krastev G, Hoferica M, Klepanec A. Aspiration Thrombectomy in Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion and Mild Stroke: A Single-Center Experience. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930014. [PMID: 34016941 PMCID: PMC8147007 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients with mild stroke, defined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score <6, caused by large vessel occlusion treated with aspiration thrombectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data from the endovascular stroke registry of our center were retrospectively analyzed. Anterior or posterior circulation strokes with NIHSS score <6 upon admission were analyzed. The assessment of a good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0-2) at day 90 was the primary endpoint. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, defined in European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study grade III, and mortality at day 90 were the safety measures. A successful endovascular procedure was defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score of 2b or 3. RESULTS We included 27 patients treated with immediate mechanical thrombectomy, 19 (70.4%) in the anterior circulation and 8 (29.6%) in the posterior circulation. The mean age was 69.8±12.3 years and 40.7% were male. Thirteen patients (48.1%) received bridging intravenous thrombolysis before endovascular thrombectomy. Twenty-five patients (92.6%) underwent the direct aspiration first-pass technique "ADAPT" as the first choice of endovascular procedure. Successful recanalization was achieved in 25 patients (92.6%). Twenty-one patients (77.8%) had a good functional outcome at the 3-month follow-up, 1 (3.7%) symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was observed, and 2 patients (7.4%) died. CONCLUSIONS Immediate aspiration thrombectomy may be a safe and feasible first-line treatment option in patients suffering from mild stroke due to large vessel occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Haring
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Mako
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia.,Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Haršány
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Radiology, Faculty Hospital Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Georgi Krastev
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Hoferica
- Department of Radiology, Faculty Hospital Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Klepanec
- Department of Radiology, Faculty Hospital Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia
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Pulli B, Heit JJ, Wintermark M. Computed Tomography-Based Imaging Algorithms for Patient Selection in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2021; 31:235-250. [PMID: 33902877 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography remains the most widely used imaging modality for evaluating patients with acute ischemic stroke. Landmark trials have used computed tomography imaging to select patients for intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment. This review summarizes the most important acute ischemic stroke trials, provides an outlook of ongoing studies, and proposes possible image algorithms for patient selection. Although evaluation with anatomic computed tomography imaging techniques is sufficient in early window patients, more advanced imaging techniques should be used beyond 6 hours from symptoms onset to quantify the ischemic core and evaluate for the salvageable penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pulli
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Stanford Healthcare, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy J Heit
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Stanford Healthcare, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroimaging and Neurointervention, Stanford Healthcare, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Seners P, Ben Hassen W, Lapergue B, Arquizan C, Heldner MR, Henon H, Perrin C, Strambo D, Cottier JP, Sablot D, Girard Buttaz I, Tamazyan R, Preterre C, Agius P, Laksiri N, Mechtouff L, Béjot Y, Duong DL, Mounier-Vehier F, Mione G, Rosso C, Lucas L, Papassin J, Aignatoaie A, Triquenot A, Carrera E, Niclot P, Obadia A, Lyoubi A, Garnier P, Crainic N, Wolff V, Tracol C, Philippeau F, Lamy C, Soize S, Baron JC, Turc G. Prediction of Early Neurological Deterioration in Individuals With Minor Stroke and Large Vessel Occlusion Intended for Intravenous Thrombolysis Alone. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:321-328. [PMID: 33427887 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance The best reperfusion strategy in patients with acute minor stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) is unknown. Accurately predicting early neurological deterioration of presumed ischemic origin (ENDi) following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in this population may help to select candidates for immediate transfer for additional thrombectomy. Objective To develop and validate an easily applicable predictive score of ENDi following IVT in patients with minor stroke and LVO. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicentric retrospective cohort included 729 consecutive patients with minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score of 5 or less) and LVO (basilar artery, internal carotid artery, first [M1] or second [M2] segment of middle cerebral artery) intended for IVT alone in 45 French stroke centers, ie, including those who eventually received rescue thrombectomy because of ENDi. For external validation, another cohort of 347 patients with similar inclusion criteria was collected from 9 additional centers. Data were collected from January 2018 to September 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures ENDi, defined as 4 or more points' deterioration on NIHSS score within the first 24 hours without parenchymal hemorrhage on follow-up imaging or another identified cause. Results Of the 729 patients in the derivation cohort, 335 (46.0%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 70 (15) years; of the 347 patients in the validation cohort, 190 (54.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 69 (15) years. In the derivation cohort, the median (interquartile range) NIHSS score was 3 (1-4), and the occlusion site was the internal carotid artery in 97 patients (13.3%), M1 in 207 (28.4%), M2 in 395 (54.2%), and basilar artery in 30 (4.1%). ENDi occurred in 88 patients (12.1%; 95% CI, 9.7-14.4) and was strongly associated with poorer 3-month outcomes, even in patients who underwent rescue thrombectomy. In multivariable analysis, a more proximal occlusion site and a longer thrombus were independently associated with ENDi. A 4-point score derived from these variables-1 point for thrombus length and 3 points for occlusion site-showed good discriminative power for ENDi (C statistic = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70-0.82) and was successfully validated in the validation cohort (ENDi rate, 11.0% [38 of 347]; C statistic = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.86). In both cohorts, ENDi probability was approximately 3%, 7%, 20%, and 35% for scores of 0, 1, 2 and 3 to 4, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance The substantial ENDi rates observed in these cohorts highlights the current debate regarding whether to directly transfer patients with IVT-treated minor stroke and LVO for additional thrombectomy. Based on the strong associations observed, an easily applicable score for ENDi risk prediction that may assist decision-making was derived and externally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Seners
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris psychiatrie et neurosciences, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, FHU Neurovasc, Paris, France
| | - Wagih Ben Hassen
- Radiology Department, GHU Paris psychiatrie et neurosciences, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, FHU Neurovasc, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mirjam R Heldner
- Neurology Department, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hilde Henon
- Neurology Department, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, INSERM U1171, Lille, France
| | - Claire Perrin
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris psychiatrie et neurosciences, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, FHU Neurovasc, Paris, France
| | - Davide Strambo
- Stroke Center, Neurology Service, CHU Vaudois, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Denis Sablot
- Neurology Department, Perpignan Hospital, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Ruben Tamazyan
- Neurology Department, Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Preterre
- Neurology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Agius
- Neurology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France.,Neurology Department, St Nazaire Hospital, Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Nadia Laksiri
- Neurology Department, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- Neurology Department, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Duc-Long Duong
- Neurology Department, Versailles University Hospital, Versailles, France
| | | | - Gioia Mione
- Neurology Department, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Charlotte Rosso
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, AP-HP, Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires, ICM Infrastructure Stroke Network, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lucas
- Stroke Unit, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérémie Papassin
- Stroke Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Metropole-Savoie, Chambery, France
| | - Andreea Aignatoaie
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Neurology Department, Geneve University Hospital, Geneve, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandre Obadia
- Neurology Department, Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Aïcha Lyoubi
- Neurology Department, Delafontaine Hospital, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Pierre Garnier
- Stroke Unit, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolae Crainic
- Neurology Department, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Wolff
- Neurology Department, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clément Tracol
- Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Chantal Lamy
- Neurology Department, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Sébastien Soize
- Neuroradiology Department, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris psychiatrie et neurosciences, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, FHU Neurovasc, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris psychiatrie et neurosciences, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, FHU Neurovasc, Paris, France
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Gwak DS, Kwon JA, Shim DH, Kim YW, Hwang YH. Perfusion and Diffusion Variables Predict Early Neurological Deterioration in Minor Stroke and Large Vessel Occlusion. J Stroke 2021; 23:61-68. [PMID: 33600703 PMCID: PMC7900396 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2020.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) presenting with mild stroke symptoms are at risk of early neurological deterioration (END). This study aimed to identify the optimal imaging variables for predicting END in this population.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed 94 patients from the prospectively maintained institutional stroke registry admitted between January 2011 and May 2019, presenting within 24 hours after onset, with a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5 and anterior circulation LVO. Patients who underwent endovascular therapy before END were excluded. Volumes of Tmax delay (at >2, >4, >6, >8, and >10 seconds), mismatch (Tmax >4 seconds – diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI] and Tmax >6 seconds – DWI), and mild hypoperfusion lesions (Tmax 2–6 and 4–6 seconds) were measured. The association of each variable with END was examined using receiver operating characteristic curves. The variables with best predictive performance were dichotomized at the cutoff point maximizing Youden’s index and subsequently analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.
Results END occurred in 39.4% of the participants. The optimal variables were identified as Tmax >6 seconds, Tmax >6 seconds – DWI, and Tmax 4–6 seconds with cut-off points of 53.73, 32.77, and 55.20 mL, respectively. These variables were independently associated with END (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 12.78 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.36 to 48.65]; aOR, 5.73 [95% CI, 2.04 to 16.08]; and aOR, 9.13 [95% CI, 2.76 to 30.17], respectively).
Conclusions Tmax >6 seconds, Tmax >6 seconds – DWI, and Tmax 4–6 seconds could identify patients at high risk of END following minor stroke due to LVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seok Gwak
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung-A Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Shim
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Won Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yang-Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Impact of recanalisation by mechanical thrombectomy in mild acute ischemic stroke with large anterior vessel occlusion. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:955-963. [PMID: 33487410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The net clinical benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients presenting acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) and mild neurological deficit is uncertain. AIMS To investigate efficacy and safety of MT in patients with acute AIS-LVO and mild neurological deficit by evaluating i) the influence of recanalisation on three-month outcome and ii) mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and procedural complications. METHODS We included consecutive patients with acute AIS-LVO and National Institute of Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score<8, treated by MT at Lille University Hospital. Recanalisation was graded according to modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score, mTICI 2b/2c/3 being considered successful. We recorded procedural complications and classified intra-cerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and sICH according with European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) and ECASS2 criteria. Three-month outcome was evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS). Excellent and favourable outcomes were respectively defined as mRS 0-1 and 0-2 (or similar to pre-stroke). RESULTS We included 95 patients. At three months, 56 patients (59. 0%) achieved an excellent outcome and 69 (72, 6%) a favourable outcome, both being more frequent in patients with successful recanalisation than in patients without (excellent outcome 71, 1% versus 10, 5%, P<0.001 and favourable outcome 82.9% versus 31.6%, P<0.001). The difference remained unchanged after adjustment for age and pre-MT infarct volume. Similar results were observed in patients with pre-MT NIHSS ≤5. Death occurred in five patients (5.3%), procedural complications in 12 (12.6%), any ICH in 38 (40.0%), including 3 (3.2%) sICH. CONCLUSIONS Achieving successful recanalisation appears beneficial and safe in acute AIS-LVO patients with NIHSS<8 before MT.
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58
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Goyal M, Ospel JM. Adapting pre-hospital stroke triage systems to expanding thrombectomy indications. Neuroradiology 2021; 63:161-166. [PMID: 33439296 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Goyal
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Departments of Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29th St. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N2T9, Canada.
| | - Johanna M Ospel
- , Calgary, Canada.,Division of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Wu X, Khunte M, Payabvash S, Zhu C, Brackett A, Matouk CC, Gandhi D, Sanelli P, Malhotra A. Outcomes after Thrombectomy for Minor Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2020; 149:e1140-e1154. [PMID: 33359881 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) versus medical management in patients with minor stroke symptomatology. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed for studies reporting outcomes after MT, either as stand-alone therapy or with intravenous thrombolysis in patients with minor stroke and large-vessel occlusion. RESULTS Fourteen studies with 2134 patients met the selection criteria and were included. Two studies compared immediate thrombectomy versus best medical management (with rescue thrombectomy) and the odds ratios of excellent outcomes, good outcomes, mortality and incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) after immediate thrombectomy versus best medical management were 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93-1.22%), 1.15 (95% CI 1.05-1.25), 0.65 (95% CI 0.30-1.38), and 2.89 (95% CI 0.82-10.13), respectively. Among the 8 studies that compared MT outcomes versus medical management (without thrombectomy), odds ratios of excellent outcomes, good outcomes, mortality, and incidence of sICH after MT versus medical management were 0.98 (95% CI 0.89-1.07), 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-1.00), 1.61 (95% CI 1.08-2.41), and 2.59 (95% CI 1.35-4.96), respectively. Among all 14 studies, pooled proportions of excellent outcomes, good outcomes, mortality, and sICH after thrombectomy were 58.7%, 76.2%, 6.82%, and 3.23%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows significant selection bias and heterogeneity in the literature with differences in baseline characteristics (age, stroke severity, prestroke modified Rankin Scale score, side of infarct, vessel and site of occlusion, use of intravenous thrombolysis, criteria for clinical deterioration, and selection bias for rescue MT and rates of reperfusion), emphasizing the need for a randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sam Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chengcheng Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexandria Brackett
- Clinical Information Services, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles C Matouk
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Interventional Neuroradiology Nuclear Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pina Sanelli
- Department of Radiology, Northwell Health Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR) Program, Center for Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Goyal N, Tsivgoulis G, Malhotra K, Ishfaq MF, Pandhi A, Frohler MT, Spiotta AM, Anadani M, Psychogios M, Maus V, Siddiqui A, Waqas M, Schellinger PD, Groen M, Krogias C, Richter D, Saqqur M, Garcia-Bermejo P, Mokin M, Leker R, Cohen JE, Katsanos AH, Magoufis G, Psychogios K, Lioutas V, VanNostrand M, Sharma VK, Paciaroni M, Rentzos A, Shoirah H, Mocco J, Nickele C, Inoa V, Hoit D, Elijovich L, Alexandrov AV, Arthur AS. Medical Management vs Mechanical Thrombectomy for Mild Strokes: An International Multicenter Study and Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:16-24. [PMID: 31545353 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.3112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance The benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with stroke presenting with mild deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score <6) owing to emergency large-vessel occlusion (ELVO) remains uncertain. Objective To assess the outcomes of patients with mild-deficits ELVO (mELVO) treated with MT vs best medical management (bMM). Data Sources We retrospectively pooled patients with mELVO during a 5-year period from 16 centers. A meta-analysis of studies reporting efficacy and safety outcomes with MT or bMM among patients with mELVO was also conducted. Data were analyzed between 2013 and 2017. Study Selection We identified studies that enrolled patients with stroke (within 24 hours of symptom onset) with mELVO treated with MT or bMM. Main Outcomes and Measures Efficacy outcomes included 3-month favorable functional outcome and 3-month functional independence that were defined as modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 1 and 0 to 2, respectively. Safety outcomes included 3-month mortality and symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Results We evaluated a total of 251 patients with mELVO who were treated with MT (n = 138; 65 women; mean age, 65.2 years; median NIHSS score, 4; interquartile range [IQR], 3-5) or bMM (n = 113; 51 women; mean age, 64.8; median NIHSS score, 3; interquartile range [IQR], 2-4). The rate of asymptomatic ICH was lower in bMM (4.6% vs 17.5%; P = .002), while the rate of 3-month FI (after imputation of missing follow-up evaluations) was lower in MT (77.4% vs 88.5%; P = .02). The 2 groups did not differ in any other efficacy or safety outcomes. In multivariable analyses, MT was associated with higher odds of asymptomatic ICH (odds ratio [OR], 11.07; 95% CI, 1.31-93.53; P = .03). In the meta-analysis of 4 studies (843 patients), MT was associated with higher odds of symptomatic ICH in unadjusted analyses (OR, 5.52; 95% CI, 1.91-15.49; P = .002; I2 = 0%). This association did not retain its significance in adjusted analyses including 2 studies (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 0.49-8.63; P = .32; I2 = 0%). The meta-analysis did not document any other independent associations between treatment groups and safety or efficacy outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Our multicenter study coupled with the meta-analysis suggests similar outcomes of MT and bMM in patients with stroke with mELVO, but no conclusions about treatment effect can be made. The clinical equipoise can further be resolved by a randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konark Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University Charleston Division, Charleston
| | - Muhammad F Ishfaq
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Abhi Pandhi
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Michael T Frohler
- Cerebrovascular Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alejandro M Spiotta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Mohammad Anadani
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marios Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Maus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adnan Siddiqui
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Peter D Schellinger
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, University Clinic RUB, Minden, Germany
| | - Marcel Groen
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, University Clinic RUB, Minden, Germany
| | - Christos Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Richter
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maher Saqqur
- Department of Neurology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Maxim Mokin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Ronen Leker
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jose E Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aristeidis H Katsanos
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Vasileios Lioutas
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meg VanNostrand
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maurizio Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit, Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexandros Rentzos
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hazem Shoirah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - J Mocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Nickele
- Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Violiza Inoa
- Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Daniel Hoit
- Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Lucas Elijovich
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.,Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Andrei V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
| | - Adam S Arthur
- Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis
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McCarthy DJ, Tonetti DA, Stone J, Starke RM, Narayanan S, Lang MJ, Jadhav AP, Gross BA. More expansive horizons: a review of endovascular therapy for patients with low NIHSS scores. J Neurointerv Surg 2020; 13:146-151. [PMID: 33028674 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-016583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
While the landmark 2015 stroke trials demonstrated that endovascular therapy (EVT) was superior to medical management for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion, the efficacy of EVT for patients presenting with a low NIHSS score remains undetermined. We conducted a review of the EVT low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) stroke literature, identifying 24 quantitative and six qualitative publications. Details of study designs and outcome were extracted and critically discussed.All identified qualitative studies were retrospective. There was significant study design heterogeneity, with 18 unique study designs between the 24 identified quantitative manuscripts. Study investigations included low NIHSS EVT feasibility (n=6), EVT versus best medical management (BMM; n=10), EVT versus intravenous therapy (IVT, n=3), and low NIHSS score versus high NIHSS score (n=3). From single-arm EVT feasibility studies, the reported ranges of modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were 78-97% and 0-10%, respectively. The EVT versus BMM literature had heterogeneous results with 40% reporting benefit with EVT and 60% reporting neutral findings. None of the studies comparing EVT with IVT reported a difference between the two revascularization therapies. The four identified meta-analyses had incongruent inclusion criteria and conflicting results. Two randomized trials are currently investigating EVT in patients with a low NIHSS score. Selected meta-analyses do suggest a potential benefit of EVT over BMM; however, current and future randomized clinical trials will better elucidate the efficacy of EVT in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McCarthy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel A Tonetti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami MILLER School of Medicine, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashutosh P Jadhav
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bradley A Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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62
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Volny O, Zerna C, Tomek A, Bar M, Rocek M, Padr R, Cihlar F, Nevsimalova M, Jurak L, Havlicek R, Kovar M, Sevcik P, Rohan V, Fiksa J, Cernik D, Jura R, Vaclavik D, Cimflova P, Puig J, Dowlatshahi D, Khaw AV, Fainardi E, Najm M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, Mikulik R, Hill MD. Thrombectomy vs medical management in low NIHSS acute anterior circulation stroke. Neurology 2020; 95:e3364-e3372. [PMID: 32989100 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To undertake an effectiveness and safety analysis of EVT in patients with LVO and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤6 using datasets of multicenter and multinational nature. METHODS We pooled patients with anterior circulation occlusion from 3 prospective international cohorts. Patients were eligible if presentation occurred within 12 hours from last known well and baseline NIHSS ≤6. Primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-1 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included neurologic deterioration at 24 hours (change in NIHSS of ≥2 points), mRS 0-2 at 90 days, and 90-day all-cause mortality. We used propensity score matching to adjust for nonrandomized treatment allocation. RESULTS Among 236 patients who fit inclusion criteria, 139 received EVT and 97 received medical management. Compared to medical management, the EVT group was younger (65 vs 72 years; p < 0.001), had more proximal occlusions (p < 0.001), and less frequently received concurrent IV thrombolysis (57.7% vs 71.2%; p = 0.04). After propensity score matching, clinical outcomes between the 2 groups were not significantly different. EVT patients had an 8.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] -8.8% to 26.1%) higher rate of excellent 90-day outcome, despite a 22.3% (95% CI, 3.0%-41.6%) higher risk of neurologic deterioration at 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS EVT for LVO in patients with low NIHSS score was associated with increased risk of neurologic deterioration at 24 hours. However, both EVT and medical management resulted in similar proportions of excellent clinical outcomes at 90 days. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with acute anterior circulation ischemic strokes and LVO with NIHSS < 6, EVT and medical management result in similar outcomes at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Volny
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Charlotte Zerna
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy.
| | - Ales Tomek
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Michal Bar
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Miloslav Rocek
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Radek Padr
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Filip Cihlar
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Miroslava Nevsimalova
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lubomir Jurak
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Roman Havlicek
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Martin Kovar
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Petr Sevcik
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Vladimir Rohan
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Jan Fiksa
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - David Cernik
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Rene Jura
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Vaclavik
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Petra Cimflova
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Josep Puig
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Dar Dowlatshahi
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Alexander V Khaw
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Mohamed Najm
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Andrew M Demchuk
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Robert Mikulik
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Michael D Hill
- From the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Calgary Stroke Program (O.V., C.Z., M.N., A.M.D., B.K.M., M.D.H.), and Department of Community Health Sciences (C.Z., B.K.M., M.D.H.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; International Clinical Research Centre, Stroke Research Program & Department of Neurology (O.V., P.C., R.M.), and Department of Medical Imaging (P.C.), St. Anne's University Hospital; Faculty of Medicine (O.V., P.C., R.M.), Masaryk University, Brno; Department of Neurology (O.V.), Faculty Hospital Ostrava; 2nd Medical Faculty (A.T.) and First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Charles University, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine (M.B.), University Hospital Ostrava, University Ostrava; Department of Radiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine (M.R., R.P.), Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital; Department of Radiology (F.C.) and Department of Neurology-Comprehensive Stroke Center (D.C.), Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem; Department of Neurology (M.N.), Hospital Ceske Budejovice; Neurocenter (L.J.), Regional Hospital Liberec; Department of Neurology (R.H.), Military University Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Na Homolce Hospital, Prague; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen (P.S., V.R.), Charles University in Prague, Pilsen; Department of Neurology (R.J.), University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University; Department of Neurology (D.V.), AGEL Research and Training Institute, Ostrava Vitkovice Hospital, Czech Republic; Institute of Diagnostic Imaging (IDI)-Research Unit (IDIR) (J.P.), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Barcelona; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI)-Medical Imaging (J.P.), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.P.), University of Western Ontario; Lawson Health Research Institute and Robarts Research Institute (A.V.K.), London, Canada; and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" (E.F.), University of Florence, Italy
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Zhao Y, Song Y, Guo Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Ma P, Li G, Li F. Endovascular Thrombectomy VS. Medical Treatment for Mild Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105258. [PMID: 32992178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE At present, endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been gradually became a standard therapy for stroke patients caused by emergent large-vessel occlusion (ELVO). However, the question about whether EVT is superior to medical treatment for mild stroke patients presenting with a low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the safety and efficacy of EVT with medical treatment in mild stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through searching the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. All statistical analyses were performed by using Review Manager 5.3 software. Primary outcomes of this meta-analysis were as follows: favorable functional outcome at 90 days (defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0-2); excellent functional outcome at 90 days (defined as a mRS score of 0-1); symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH); mortality at 90 days. RESULTS A total of 13 eligible studies with 2135 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that mild stroke patients underwent EVT had higher risk of sICH than those receiving medical treatment alone (OR = 3.21; 95% CI, 1.98-5.22; P < 0.001). In addition, no significant difference was found between the two groups in mortality at 90 days (OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 0.88-3.65; P=0.11). Meanwhile, no significant difference was found between the two groups in patients achieving favorable functional outcome at 90 days and excellent functional outcome at 90 days (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.74-1.64; P = 0.65) (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.79-1.35; P = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS Our pooled results showed similar clinical outcomes at 90 days of EVT and medical treatment in mild stroke patients with ELVO, although patients underwent EVT had higher rates of sICH. However, due to several limitations of this meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the potential efficacy of EVT in mild stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Yingchang Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Pengju Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China
| | - Fenbao Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan, China.
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Nicholson P, Byun JS, Lu H, Hilditch CA, Brinjikji W, Agid R, Casaubon LK, Krings T, Schaafsma JD, Mendes-Pereira V. Endovascular Treatment Versus Best Medical Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Mild Symptoms. World Neurosurg 2020; 144:e837-e841. [PMID: 32956880 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke patients with mild deficits is unknown. We sought to evaluate the natural history of patients with a low National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) and an intracranial occlusion. METHODS We included patients with a computed tomography angiogram-proven intracranial arterial occlusion who presented within 24 hours of symptom onset with an NIHSS of ≤6. We compared outcomes of patients who were treated with EVT and those who were not by performing propensity score-matched analysis. Primary outcome was modified Rankin score (mRS) at 90 days. RESULTS A total of 66 patients were included: 38 were men (57.6%) with a median age of 69 (interquartile range [IQR], 57-79.5) years. Median NIHSS was 3 (IQR, 2-5). Median time from symptom onset to presentation was 2.87 hours (IQR, 1.3-5.9). Forty of the total cohort underwent best medical therapy alone (60.6%), whereas 26 underwent EVT (39.4%). Nineteen of the 26 patients who underwent EVT had a good clinical outcome (mRS ≤2) (73.1%), compared with 29 of 40 best medical therapy patients (72.5%) (odds ratio, 0.833 with 95% confidence interval, 0.263-2.631; P = 0.755). Following propensity score adjustment there was a tendency toward lower mRS following EVT (P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS Despite the higher number of proximal occlusions in the EVT group, overall outcomes were similar, with >70% of patients in each cohort having a good outcome at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nicholson
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jun-Soo Byun
- Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hua Lu
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher A Hilditch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ronit Agid
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leanne K Casaubon
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timo Krings
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna D Schaafsma
- Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vitor Mendes-Pereira
- Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Reddy ST, Savitz SI, Friedman E, Arevalo O, Zhang J, Ankrom C, Trevino A, Wu TC. Patients transferred within a telestroke network for large-vessel occlusion. J Telemed Telecare 2020; 28:595-602. [PMID: 32954941 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x20957894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a telestroke network, patients at a referring hospital (RH) with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) are transferred to a comprehensive stroke centre (CSC) for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). However, a significant number of patients do not ultimately undergo thrombectomy after CSC arrival. METHODS Within a 17-hospital telestroke network, we retrospectively analysed patients with suspected or confirmed LVO transferred to a CSC, and characterized the reasons why these patients did not undergo EVT based on the 2019 American Heart Association guidelines. RESULTS Of 400 patients transferred to our hub, 68 (17%) were based on vascular imaging at RH. Time from RH arrival to neuroimaging was significantly longer in patients that underwent both computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography of the brain and neck compared to only CT of the brain (53 vs 13 minutes, p < 0.05). Accuracy of anterior circulation LVO (ACLVO) detection based on clinical suspicion was 62% (205 of 332 patients). Among 234 ACLVO patients, overall, 175 (74%) (early window group: 123 (73%) patients and late window group: 52 (80%) patients) met at least one EVT ineligibility criterion. The reasons for EVT ineligibility varied from large core infarct (aspects <6 or core volume >70 cc on perfusion imaging in late window), low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (<6), distal occlusion, and poor baseline modified Rankin Scale score (>1). DISCUSSION Instituting rapid acquisition and interpretation of vascular imaging at RHs for LVO detection and establishing benchmarks for door to vascular imaging is urgently needed for RHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan T Reddy
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elliott Friedman
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Octavio Arevalo
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christy Ankrom
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Trevino
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tzu-Ching Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular disease, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhao Z, Zhang J, Jiang X, Wang L, Yin Z, Hall M, Wang Y, Lai L. Is Endovascular Treatment Still Good for Ischemic Stroke in Real World?: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trial and Observational Study in the Last Decade. Stroke 2020; 51:3250-3263. [PMID: 32921259 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke is classified as I evidence, outcomes after EVT in real-world practice appear to be less superior than those in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Additionally, the effect of EVT is unclear compared with medical treatment (MT) for patients with mild symptoms defined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <6 or with severe symptoms defined by Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6. METHODS Literatures were searched in big databases and major meetings from December 6, 2009, to December 6, 2019, including RCTs and observational studies comparing EVT against MT for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Observational studies were precategorized into 3 groups based on imaging data on admission: mild stroke group with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <6, severe stroke group with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6 or ischemic core ≥50 mL, and normal stroke group for all others. Outcome was measured as modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2, mortality at 90 days, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) at 24 hours. RESULTS Fifteen RCTs (n=3694) and 37 observational studies (n=9090) were included. EVT was associated with higher modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 rate and lower mortality in RCTs and normal stroke group, whereas EVT was associated with higher sICH rate in normal stroke group, and no difference of sICH rate appeared between EVT and MT in RCTs. In severe stroke group, EVT was associated with higher modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 rate and lower mortality, whereas no difference of sICH rate was found. In mild stroke group, there was no difference in modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 rate between EVT and MT, whereas EVT was associated with higher mortality and sICH rate. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from RCTs and observational studies supports the use of EVT as the first-line choice for eligible patients corresponding to the latest guideline. For patients with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6, EVT showed superiority over MT, also in line with the guidelines. On the contrary to the guideline, our data do not support EVT for patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China (Z.Z., J.Z., X.J., Y.W., L.L.).,Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College (Z.Z., J.Z.), Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China (Z.Z., J.Z., X.J., Y.W., L.L.).,Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College (Z.Z., J.Z.), Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China (Z.Z., J.Z., X.J., Y.W., L.L.).,The First Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College (X.J.), Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health (L.W.), Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Zixiao Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, PR China (Z.Y.)
| | - Michael Hall
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, United Kingdom (M.H.)
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China (Z.Z., J.Z., X.J., Y.W., L.L.)
| | - Lingfeng Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, PR China (Z.Z., J.Z., X.J., Y.W., L.L.)
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Factors predicting poor outcome at discharge in stroke patients with middle cerebral artery branch occlusion. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Siegler JE, Messé SR, Sucharew H, Kasner SE, Mehta T, Arora N, Starosciak AK, De Los Rios La Rosa F, Barnhill NR, Mistry AM, Patel K, Assad S, Tarboosh A, Dakay K, Salwi S, Wagner J, Bennett A, Jagadeesan BD, Streib C, Weber SA, Chitale R, Volpi JJ, Mayer SA, Yaghi S, Jayaraman M, Khatri P, Mistry EA. Thrombectomy in DAWN- and DEFUSE-3-Ineligible Patients: A Subgroup Analysis From the BEST Prospective Cohort Study. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:E156-E163. [PMID: 31758197 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the overwhelming benefit of thrombectomy for highly selected trial patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO), some trial-ineligible patients are being treated in practice. OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of thrombectomy in DAWN/DEFUSE-3-ineligible patients. METHODS Using a multicenter prospective observational study of consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO who underwent late thrombectomy, we compared symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and good outcome (90-d mRS 0-2) among DAWN/DEFUSE-3-ineligible patients to trial-eligible patients and to untreated DAWN/DEFUSE-3 controls. RESULTS Ninety-eight patients had perfusion imaging and underwent thrombectomy >6 h; 46 (47%) were trial ineligible (41% M2 occlusions, 39% mild deficits, 28% ASPECTS <6). In multivariable regression, the odds of a good outcome (aOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.49-1.19) and sICH (aOR 3.33, 95% CI 0.42-26.12) were not different among trial-ineligible vs eligible patients. Patients with mild deficits were more likely to achieve a good outcome (aOR 3.62, 95% CI 1.48-8.86) and less sICH (0% vs 10%, P = .16), whereas patients with ASPECTS <6 had poorer outcomes (aOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.44) and more sICH (aOR 24, 95% CI 5.7-103). Compared to untreated DAWN/DEFUSE-3 controls, trial-ineligible patients had more sICH (13%BEST vs 3%DAWN [P = .02] vs 4%DEFUSE [P = .05]), but were more likely to achieve a good outcome at 90 d (36%BEST vs 13%DAWN [P < .01] vs 17%DEFUSE [P = .01]). CONCLUSION Thrombectomy is used in practice for some patients ineligible for the DAWN/DEFUSE-3 trials with potentially favorable outcomes. Additional trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of thrombectomy in broader populations, such as large core infarction and M2 occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Siegler
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Messé
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heidi Sucharew
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott E Kasner
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tapan Mehta
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Niraj Arora
- Department of Neurology, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Natasha R Barnhill
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Akshitkumar M Mistry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kishan Patel
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Salman Assad
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amjad Tarboosh
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Katarina Dakay
- Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sanjana Salwi
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeff Wagner
- Department of Neurology, Blue Sky Neurology, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Alicia Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Blue Sky Neurology, Englewood, Colorado
| | - Bharathi D Jagadeesan
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christopher Streib
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stewart A Weber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rohan Chitale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John J Volpi
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephan A Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shadi Yaghi
- Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Pooja Khatri
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eva A Mistry
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Mechanical thrombectomy in patients with proximal occlusions and low NIHSS: Results from a large prospective registry. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105091. [PMID: 32912516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical thrombectomy is now standard of care for treatment of acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion in the setting of high NIHSS. We analysed a large nationwide registry focusing on patients with large vessel occlusion and low NIHSS on admission to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombectomy in this patient population METHODS: 2826 patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy were included in a multicentre registry from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015. We included patients with large vessel occlusion and NIHSS ≤ 6 on admission. Baseline characteristics, imaging, clinical outcome, procedure adverse events and positive and negative outcome predictors were analysed. RESULTS 134 patients were included. 90/134 had an anterior circulation and 44 a posterior circulation stroke. One patient died before treatment. Successful revascularization (mTICI 2b-3) was achieved in 73.7% (98/133) of the patients. Intraprocedural adverse event was observed in 3% (4/133) of cases. Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage rate was 5.3% (7/133). At three months, 70.9% (95/134) of the patients had mRS score 0-2, 15.7% (21/134) mRS 3-5 and 13.4% (18/134) mRS 6. Age and successful recanalization were significant predictors of a good clinical outcome on both univariate (p= 0.005 and p=0.007) and multivariable (p=0.0018 and p=0.009 [nat log]) analysis. Absence of vessel recanalization and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were independent predictors of poor outcome (p=0.021) . CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that patients with large vessel occlusion and low NIHSS score on admission can benefit from mechanical thrombectomy. Randomized trials are warranted.
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70
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Wadhwa A, Joundi RA, Menon B. Clinical considerations and assessment of risk factors when choosing endovascular thrombectomy for acute stroke. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:541-556. [PMID: 32686967 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1798229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The advent of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been a game changer for the management of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. However, the selection of suitable candidates for EVT remains a significant challenge. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the clinical, radiological, and procedural considerations for EVT in acute stroke that assist in optimal patient selection. EXPERT OPINION All patients presenting with significant clinical deficits with treatable occlusions, who have salvageable brain tissue at presentation might benefit from treatment up to twenty-four hours from symptom onset. Neuroimaging tools form the backbone for this decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Wadhwa
- Calgary Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Foot Hills Medical Center , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Raed A Joundi
- Calgary Stroke Program, University of Calgary, Foot Hills Medical Center , Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bijoy Menon
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Foot Hills Medical Center , Calgary, AB, Canada
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71
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Nersesjan V, Bogwardt HG, Kondziella D. Mesial bifrontal stroke presenting as isolated spontaneous confabulations. Pract Neurol 2020; 20:420-422. [PMID: 32636222 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A 52-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presented with spontaneous confabulation, working memory deficits, and frontal release signs. MR scan of brain showed bifrontal mesial ischaemic strokes and angiography demonstrated that both anterior cerebral arteries were supplied by the left internal carotid artery. Isolated spontaneous confabulation is a rare presentation of stroke and may be associated with orbitofrontal cortex lesions. Interestingly, functional imaging during rapid-eye-movement sleep may show bilateral medial frontal lobe hypometabolism, suggesting anatomical overlap between dreaming and the bizarre content of this patient's spontaneous confabulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Nersesjan
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Gutte Bogwardt
- Department of Diagnostic and Neurointerventional Radiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Kondziella
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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72
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Wang GF, Zhao X, Liu SP, Xiao YL, Lu ZN. Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Mild Ischemic Stroke with Large Vessel Occlusion. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926110. [PMID: 32628645 PMCID: PMC7362709 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The suitability of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for patients with acute mild ischemic stroke (AMIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO) is controversial. This study evaluated MT in patients with AMIS and LVO. Material/Methods Forty-seven patients diagnosed as AMIS with LVO received MT or intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Primary outcomes were National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale scores. Secondary outcomes were incidence of systemic complications and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Results There were no significant differences between IVT and MT groups for gender, age, risk factors of cerebrovascular disease, past history, NIHSS score at admission, blood pressure, and LVO sites. For all patients, the NIHSS scores at discharge were lower than those at admission. Patients with excellent outcomes were 66.6% (16/24) in the IVT group and 60.8% (14/23) in the MT group; favorable outcome rates were 75% (18/24) in the IVT group and 69.6% (16/23) in the MT group, with no significant differences between groups. Twelve patients (52.2%) in the MT group and 5 (20.8%) in the IVT group had systemic complications. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was not detected in the IVT group, but manifested in 2 (8.7%) patients in the MT group. During 90-day follow-up, 1 patient died in each of the IVT and MT groups, with 4.2% and 4.4% mortality rates, respectively. Conclusions The efficacy of MT and IVT was comparable in AMIS patients with LVO. While MT had a higher incidence of systemic complications, its short- and long-term effects were equivalent to IVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shu-Ping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Lei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zu-Neng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
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73
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Nagel S, Haussen DC, Nogueira RG. Importance of the Intention-to-Treat Principle. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:905-906. [PMID: 32364570 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nagel
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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74
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Distal arterial occlusions in patients with mild strokes – is endovascular therapy superior to thrombolysis alone? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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75
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Seners P, Perrin C, Lapergue B, Henon H, Debiais S, Sablot D, Girard Buttaz I, Tamazyan R, Preterre C, Laksiri N, Mione G, Arquizan C, Lucas L, Baron JC, Turc G. Bridging Therapy or IV Thrombolysis in Minor Stroke with Large Vessel Occlusion. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:160-169. [PMID: 32350929 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether bridging therapy (intravenous thrombolysis [IVT] followed by endovascular treatment) is superior to IVT alone in minor stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is unknown. METHODS Multicentric retrospective observational study including, in intention-to-treat, consecutive IVT-treated minor strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] ≤ 5) with LVO, with or without additional mechanical thrombectomy. Propensity-score (inverse probability of treatment weighting) was used to reduce baseline between-groups differences. The primary outcome was excellent outcome, that is, modified Rankin score 0 to 1 at 3 months follow-up. RESULTS Overall, 598 patients were included (214 and 384 in the bridging therapy and IVT groups, respectively). Following propensity-score weighting, the distribution of baseline clinical and radiological variables was similar across the two patient groups. Compared with IVT alone, bridging therapy was not associated with excellent outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-1.24; p = 0.76), but was associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.77-5.11; p < 0.0001). Occlusion site was a strong modifier of the effect of bridging therapy on outcome (pinteraction < 0.0001), with bridging therapy associated with higher odds of excellent outcome in proximal M1 (OR = 3.26; 95% CI = 1.67-6.35; p = 0.0006) and distal M1 (OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.01-2.82; p = 0.04) occlusions, but with lower odds of excellent outcome for M2 (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.38-0.75; p = 0.0003) occlusions. Bridging therapy was associated with higher rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in M2 occlusions only (OR = 4.40; 95% CI = 2.20-8.83; p < 0.0001). INTERPRETATION Although overall outcomes were similar in intended bridging therapy as compared to intended IVT alone in minor strokes with LVO, our results suggest that intended bridging therapy may be beneficial in M1 occlusions, whereas the benefit-risk profile may favor IVT alone in M2 occlusions. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:160-169.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Seners
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, FHU NeuroVasc, Institute of Psychiatrie and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France
| | - Claire Perrin
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, FHU NeuroVasc, Institute of Psychiatrie and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France
| | | | - Hilde Henon
- Department of Neurology, Université de Lille, INSERM UMR 1171, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Denis Sablot
- Neurology Department, Perpignan Hospital, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Ruben Tamazyan
- Neurology Department, Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Preterre
- Neurology Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Nadia Laksiri
- Neurology Department, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Gioia Mione
- Neurology Department, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Ludovic Lucas
- Stroke Unit, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, FHU NeuroVasc, Institute of Psychiatrie and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Turc
- Neurology Department, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, FHU NeuroVasc, Institute of Psychiatrie and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France
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76
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Chin F, Waqas M, Chou R, Gerace PG, Rai HH, Vakharia K, Dossani RH, Davies JM, Snyder KV, Siddiqui AH, Levy EI. Impact of endovascular reperfusion on low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score large-vessel occlusion stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104836. [PMID: 32414581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy for mild-deficit stroke due to large-vessel occlusion is controversial. We present a single-center consecutive case series on thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion mild stroke. We evaluated various thrombectomy parameters to better understand disagreement in the literature. METHODS Data from a retrospective cohort of large-vessel occlusion mild stroke patients (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale <6) treated with mechanical thrombectomy over 6 years and 2 months were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b or 3) and failed reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 0,1, or 2a). Ninety-day modified Rankin Scale in-hospital mortality, and symptomatic hemorrhage rates were compared between groups. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate reperfusion status as a predictor of 90-day favorable (modified Rankin Scale 0-2) and excellent (modified Rankin Scale 0-1) outcomes. RESULTS We identified 61 patients with large-vessel occlusion mild stroke who underwent thrombectomy. Reperfusion was successful in 49 patients and a failure in 12. The successful group exhibited significantly higher rates of favorable outcome (83.7% vs. 25.0%; p < 0.001) and excellent outcome (69.4% vs.16.7%; p = 0.002) at 90 days. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the failure group (41.7% vs.10.2%; p = 0.019). Multivariate logistic regression identified successful reperfusion as a significant predictor (p = 0.001) of 90-day favorable outcome. CONCLUSION Reperfusion success was significantly associated with improved functional outcomes in large-vessel occlusion mild stroke mechanical thrombectomy. Future studies should consider reperfusion rates when evaluating the effectiveness of thrombectomy against that of medical management in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Ryan Chou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA; Gifted Math Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Peter G Gerace
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Hamid H Rai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Kunal Vakharia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Rimal H Dossani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Jason M Davies
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Bioinformatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Kenneth V Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA.
| | - Elad I Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo NY USA; Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA; Jacobs Institute, Buffalo NY USA; Department of Radiology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY USA.
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77
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Aoki J, Suzuki K, Kanamaru T, Katano T, Kutsuna A, Sakamoto Y, Suda S, Nishiyama Y, Morita N, Harada M, Nagahiro S, Kimura K. Impact of complete recanalization on clinical recovery in cardioembolic stroke patients with M2 occlusion. J Neurol Sci 2020; 415:116873. [PMID: 32413798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the impact of complete recanalization beyond partial recanalization in distal (M2) middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. METHODS Data regarding M2 occlusion patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) and/or intravenous thrombolysis (tPA) were reviewed from our prospective EVT registry and multicenter tPA (YAMATO study) data bank. Complete recanalization was modified thrombolysis with cerebral infarction score (TICI) of 3 at the end of EVT or similar appearances of both MCAs on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) within 1.5 h after tPA. Partial recanalization was defined as TICI ≥2b or > 50% recanalization on MRA. At 3 months, favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2. RESULT Data on 121 patients were analyzed. EVT-alone was in 38 patients; combined EVT and tPA in 28; and tPA-alone in 55. Complete recanalization was achieved in 27 (22%), partial recanalization in 48 (40%), and no-to-limited recanalization in 46 (38%). At 3 months, 51% of patients had favorable outcomes, and this rate was significantly higher in the complete recanalization group than in the partial and no-to-limited recanalization groups (75% vs. 41% vs. 49%, p = .043). Multivariate regression analysis showed that complete recanalization was an independent parameter related to favorable outcomes (odds ratio 4.78, 95% CI: 1.16-19.73, p = .030). However, combined complete and partial recanalization was not associated with favorable outcomes (odds ratio 1.49, 95% CI 0.53-4.22, p = .449). CONCLUSION Complete recanalization, but not partial recanalization, at the end of EVT and tPA therapy is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with M2 occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Aoki
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Takuya Kanamaru
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Takehiro Katano
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Akihito Kutsuna
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suda
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
| | | | - Masafumi Harada
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinji Nagahiro
- Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Japan
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Saleem Y, Nogueira RG, Rodrigues GM, Kim S, Sharashidze V, Frankel M, Al-Bayati A, Bianchi N, Haussen DC. Acute Neurological Deterioration in Large Vessel Occlusions and Mild Symptoms Managed Medically. Stroke 2020; 51:1428-1434. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
It is unclear which factors predict acute neurological deterioration in patients with large vessel occlusion and mild symptoms. We aim to evaluate the frequency, timing, and potential predictors of acute neurological deterioration ≥4 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) points in medically managed patients with large vessel occlusion and mild presentation.
Methods—
Single-center retrospective study of patients with consecutive minor stroke (defined as NIHSS score of ≤5 on presentation) and large vessel occlusion from January 2014 to December 2017. Primary outcome was acute neurological deterioration ≥4 NIHSS points during the hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included ΔNIHSS (defined as discharge minus admission NIHSS score).
Results—
Among 1133 patients with acute minor strokes, 122 (10.6%) had visible occlusions on computed tomography angiography/magnetic resonance angiography. Twenty-four (19.7%) patients had ≥4 points deterioration on NIHSS at a median of 3.6 (1–16) hours from arrival. No clinical or radiological predictors of acute neurological deterioration ≥4 NIHSS points were observed on multivariable analysis. Rescue endovascular thrombectomy was performed more often in the ones with acute neurological deterioration ≥4 NIHSS points compared with patients with no deterioration (54% versus 0%;
P
<0.001). Acute neurological deterioration ≥4 NIHSS points was associated with ΔNIHSS ≥4 points (33% versus 4.9%;
P
<0.01) and a trend toward lower independence rates at discharge (50% versus 70%;
P
=0.06) compared with the group with no deterioration. In patients with any degree of neurological worsening, patients who underwent rescue thrombectomy were more likely to be independent at discharge (73% versus 38%;
P
=0.02) and to have a favorable ΔNIHSS (−2 [−3 to 0] versus 0 [−1 to 6];
P
=0.05) compared with the ones not offered rescue thrombectomy.
Conclusions—
Acute neurological deterioration ≥4 NIHSS points was observed in a fifth of patients with large vessel occlusion and mild symptoms, occurred very early in the hospital course, impacted functional outcomes, and could not be predicted by any of the studied clinical and radiological variables. Rescue thrombectomy was associated with improved clinical outcomes at discharge in patients with neurological deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Saleem
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Raul G. Nogueira
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gabriel M. Rodrigues
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Song Kim
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vera Sharashidze
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Michael Frankel
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alhamza Al-Bayati
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nicolas Bianchi
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Diogo C. Haussen
- From the Emory University/Grady Memorial Hospital- Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center, Atlanta, GA
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79
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Tsujimoto Y, Ikeda H, Otsuka R, Kawauchi T, Sano N, Hayase M, Toda H. Two Patients Who Underwent Emergency Stenting for Iatrogenic Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Dissection during Thrombectomy. JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOVASCULAR THERAPY 2020; 14:222-230. [PMID: 37501697 PMCID: PMC10370654 DOI: 10.5797/jnet.cr.2019-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective Iatrogenic artery dissection during reperfusion therapy is one of the complications causing a poor prognosis. We report two cases of emergent stent placement for iatrogenic cervical carotid artery dissection during reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Case Presentation Two patients, a 77-year-old woman and a 77-year-old man, were diagnosed with acute major cerebral artery occlusion, and underwent reperfusion therapy. The iatrogenic internal carotid artery dissection was caused by derivation of a 6-Fr catheter and 0.014-inch wire in the tortuous cervical internal carotid artery, and emergent stent placement was performed. Recanalization was confirmed and no deterioration caused by the iatrogenic dissection was found. Conclusion In patients in whom cerebral infarction is localized on MRI, additional stent placement may be effective for preventing adverse events caused by iatrogenic cervical internal carotid artery dissection during reperfusion therapy for intracranial cerebral artery occlusion related to atherosclerotic change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Ikeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Otsuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Noritaka Sano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroki Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Red Cross Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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80
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Tsivgoulis G, Goyal N, Katsanos AH, Malhotra K, Ishfaq MF, Pandhi A, Frohler MT, Spiotta AM, Anadani M, Psychogios M, Maus V, Siddiqui A, Waqas M, Schellinger PD, Groen M, Krogias C, Richter D, Saqqur M, Garcia-Bermejo P, Mokin M, Leker R, Cohen JE, Magoufis G, Psychogios K, Lioutas VA, Van Nostrand M, Sharma VK, Paciaroni M, Rentzos A, Shoirah H, Mocco J, Nickele C, Mitsias PD, Inoa V, Hoit D, Elijovich L, Arthur AS, Alexandrov AV. Intravenous thrombolysis for large vessel or distal occlusions presenting with mild stroke severity. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1039-1047. [PMID: 32149450 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel or distal occlusions and mild neurological deficits, defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores < 6 points. METHODS The primary efficacy outcome was 3-month functional independence (FI) [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 0-2] that was compared between patients with and without IVT treatment. Other efficacy outcomes of interest included 3-month favorable functional outcome (mRS scores 0-1) and mRS score distribution at discharge and at 3 months. The safety outcomes comprised all-cause 3-month mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), asymptomatic ICH and severe systemic bleeding. RESULTS We evaluated 336 AIS patients with large vessel or distal occlusions and mild stroke severity (mean age 63 ± 15 years, 45% women). Patients treated with IVT (n = 162) had higher FI (85.6% vs. 74.8%, P = 0.027) with lower mRS scores at hospital discharge (P = 0.034) compared with the remaining patients. No differences were detected in any of the safety outcomes including symptomatic ICH, asymptomatic ICH, severe systemic bleeding and 3-month mortality. IVT was associated with higher likelihood of 3-month FI [odds ratio (OR), 2.19; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.09-4.42], 3-month favorable functional outcome (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.10-3.57), functional improvement at discharge [common OR (per 1-point decrease in mRS score), 2.94; 95% CI, 1.67-5.26)] and at 3 months (common OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06-2.86) on multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders, including mechanical thrombectomy. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous thrombolysis is independently associated with higher odds of improved discharge and 3-month functional outcomes in AIS patients with large vessel or distal occlusions and mild stroke severity. IVT appears not to increase the risk of systemic or symptomatic intracranial bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tsivgoulis
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - N Goyal
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A H Katsanos
- Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - K Malhotra
- Charleston Division, Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - M F Ishfaq
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A Pandhi
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M T Frohler
- Cerebrovascular Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A M Spiotta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Anadani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - V Maus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Siddiqui
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Waqas
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P D Schellinger
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, University Clinic RUB, Minden, Germany
| | - M Groen
- Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, University Clinic RUB, Minden, Germany
| | - C Krogias
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - D Richter
- Department of Neurology, St Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Saqqur
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Garcia-Bermejo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Mokin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - R Leker
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J E Cohen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Magoufis
- Acute Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - K Psychogios
- Acute Stroke Unit, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - V A Lioutas
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Van Nostrand
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V K Sharma
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Neurology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Paciaroni
- Stroke Unit, Divisione di Medicina Cardiovascolare, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rentzos
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Shoirah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Mocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Nickele
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P D Mitsias
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Herakleion, Greece
| | - V Inoa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Hoit
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - L Elijovich
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A S Arthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Semmes-Murphey Neurologic and Spine Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A V Alexandrov
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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81
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Wu X, Hughes DR, Gandhi D, Matouk CC, Sheth K, Schindler J, Wira C, Wintermark M, Sanelli P, Malhotra A. CT Angiography for Triage of Patients with Acute Minor Stroke: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis. Radiology 2020; 294:580-588. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019191238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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82
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Endovascular treatment decision-making in acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion and low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: insights from UNMASK EVT, an international multidisciplinary survey. Neuroradiology 2020; 62:715-721. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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83
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Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of long term disability in developed countries and one of the top causes of mortality worldwide. The past decade has seen substantial advances in the diagnostic and treatment options available to minimize the impact of acute ischemic stroke. The key first step in stroke care is early identification of patients with stroke and triage to centers capable of delivering the appropriate treatment, as fast as possible. Here, we review the data supporting pre-hospital and emergency stroke care, including use of emergency medical services protocols for identification of patients with stroke, intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke including updates to recommended patient eligibility criteria and treatment time windows, and advanced imaging techniques with automated interpretation to identify patients with large areas of brain at risk but without large completed infarcts who are likely to benefit from endovascular thrombectomy in extended time windows from symptom onset. We also review protocols for management of patient physiologic parameters to minimize infarct volumes and recent updates in secondary prevention recommendations including short term use of dual antiplatelet therapy to prevent recurrent stroke in the high risk period immediately after stroke. Finally, we discuss emerging therapies and questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Phipps
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn A Cronin
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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84
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Thrombectomy for Wake-Up Stroke in a Patient with Mild Symptoms and in an Adolescent. Can J Neurol Sci 2020; 47:131-133. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2019.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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85
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Kashani N, Ospel JM, Menon BK, Saposnik G, Almekhlafi M, Sylaja PN, Campbell BCV, Heo JH, Mitchell PJ, Cherian M, Turjman F, Kim B, Fischer U, Wilson AT, Baxter B, Rabinstein A, Yoshimura S, Hill MD, Goyal M. Influence of Guidelines in Endovascular Therapy Decision Making in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Insights From UNMASK EVT. Stroke 2019; 50:3578-3584. [PMID: 31684847 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- The American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of patients with ischemic stroke offer guidance to physicians involved in acute stroke care and clarify endovascular treatment indications. The purpose of this study was to assess concordance of physicians' endovascular treatment decision-making with current American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association stroke treatment guidelines using a survey-approach and to explore how decision-making in the absence of guideline recommendations is approached. Methods- In an international cross-sectional survey (UNMASK-EVT), physicians were randomly assigned 10 of 22 case scenarios (8 constructed with level 1A and 11 with level 2B evidence for endovascular treatment and 3 scenarios without guideline coverage) and asked to declare their treatment approach (1) under their current local resources and (2) assuming there were no external constraints. The proportion of physicians offering endovascular therapy (EVT) was calculated. Subgroup analysis was performed for different specialties, geographic regions, with regard to physicians' age, endovascular, and general stroke treatment experience. Results- When facing level 1A evidence, participants decided in favor of EVT in 86.8% under current local resources and in 90.6% under assumed ideal conditions, that is, 9.4% decided against EVT even under assumed ideal conditions. In case scenarios with level 2B evidence, 66.3% decided to proceed with EVT under current local resources and 69.7% under assumed ideal conditions. Conclusions- There is potential for improving thinking around the decision to offer endovascular treatment, since physicians did not offer EVT even under assumed ideal conditions in 9.4% despite facing level 1A evidence. A majority of physicians would offer EVT even for level 2B evidence cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Kashani
- From the Department of Radiology (N.K., J.M.O., B.K.M., M.A., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Johanna M Ospel
- From the Department of Radiology (N.K., J.M.O., B.K.M., M.A., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland (J.M.O.)
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- From the Department of Radiology (N.K., J.M.O., B.K.M., M.A., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences (B.K.M., M.A., A.T.W., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gustavo Saposnik
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (G.S.)
| | - Mohammed Almekhlafi
- From the Department of Radiology (N.K., J.M.O., B.K.M., M.A., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences (B.K.M., M.A., A.T.W., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pillai N Sylaja
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Stroke Program, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India (P.N.S.)
| | - Bruce C V Campbell
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (B.C.V.C.)
| | - Ji-Hoe Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.-H.H.)
| | - Peter J Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (P.J.M.)
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Department of Radiology, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore, India (M.C.)
| | - Francis Turjman
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology at Lyon University Hospital, University of Lyon, France (F.T.)
| | - Byungmoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Severance stroke center, Yunsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (B.K.)
| | - Urs Fischer
- University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland (U.F.)
| | - Alexis T Wilson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (B.K.M., M.A., A.T.W., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Blaise Baxter
- University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (B.B.)
| | | | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery Hyogo College of Medicine 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan (S.Y.)
| | - Michael D Hill
- From the Department of Radiology (N.K., J.M.O., B.K.M., M.A., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences (B.K.M., M.A., A.T.W., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mayank Goyal
- From the Department of Radiology (N.K., J.M.O., B.K.M., M.A., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences (B.K.M., M.A., A.T.W., M.D.H., M.G.), University of Calgary, AB, Canada
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86
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Manno C, Disanto G, Bianco G, Nannoni S, Heldner MR, Jung S, Arnold M, Kaesmacher J, Müller M, Thilemann S, Gensicke H, Carrera E, Fischer U, Kahles T, Luft A, Nedeltchev K, Staedler C, Cianfoni A, Kägi G, Bonati LH, Michel P, Cereda CW. Outcome of endovascular therapy in stroke with large vessel occlusion and mild symptoms. Neurology 2019; 93:e1618-e1626. [PMID: 31591276 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes after endovascular therapy (EVT) and IV thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with stroke with emergent large vessel occlusion (LVO) and mild neurologic deficits. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of patients from the Swiss Stroke Registry with admission NIH Stroke Scale score ≤5 and LVO treated by EVT (± IVT) vs IVT alone. The primary endpoint was favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0-1) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were independence (mRS score 0-2), mRS score (ordinal shift analysis), and survival with high disability (mRS score 4-5). Safety endpoints were mortality and symptomatic hemorrhage. RESULTS Of 11,356 patients, 312 met the criteria and propensity score method matched 108 in each group. A comparably large proportion of patients with EVT and IVT had favorable outcome (63% vs 65.7% respectively; odds ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.51-1.72; p = 0.840). Patients with EVT showed a nonsignificant trend toward higher mRS score at 3 months (p = 0.717), while the proportion of surviving patients with high disability was comparably very low in both groups (p = 0.419). Mortality was slightly higher among those with EVT (9.3% vs 2.8%; p = 0.06), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was a rare event in both groups (2.8% vs 0%; p = 0.997). CONCLUSIONS In acute ischemic stroke, EVT and IVT appear similarly effective in achieving favorable outcome at 3 months for patients with LVO and mild neurologic symptoms. EVT might be marginally inferior to IVT regarding outcome across all levels of disability and mortality. Further studies are required to determine whether certain subgroups of patients with LVO and mild symptoms benefit from EVT. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that patients with LVO and mild symptoms receiving either EVT or IVT had similar favorable functional outcomes at 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Manno
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Disanto
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bianco
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefania Nannoni
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R. Heldner
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jung
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Arnold
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mandy Müller
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Thilemann
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Gensicke
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Fischer
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Timo Kahles
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Luft
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Krassen Nedeltchev
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Staedler
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Cianfoni
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kägi
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Leo H Bonati
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Michel
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo W Cereda
- From the Stroke Center (C.M., G.D., G.B., C.S., A.C., C.W.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Stroke Center and Neurology Service (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois); Department of Neurology (M.H., S.J., M.A., U.F.) and Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (A.C., J.K.), Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Inselspital; Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (M.M., S.T., H.G., L.H.B.), University Hospital of Basel; Stroke Center (E.C.), Service de Neurologie, HUG, Geneva; Department of Neurology (T.K., K.N.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Stroke Center (A.L.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zürich; and Stroke Center (G.K.), Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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87
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Lan L, Rong X, Li X, Zhang X, Pan J, Wang H, Shen Q, Peng Y. Reperfusion therapy for minor stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01398. [PMID: 31532082 PMCID: PMC6790315 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately, half of the acute stroke patients with minor symptoms were excluded from thrombolysis in some randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There is little evidence on treating minor strokes with rt-PA. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in these patients. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched in July 2018. All available RCTs and retrospective comparative studies that compared thrombolysis with nonthrombolysis' for acute minor stroke (NIHSS ≤ 5) with quantitative outcomes were included. RESULTS Ten studies, including a total of 4,333 patients, were identified. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was higher in the rt-PA group as compared with that in the non-rt-PA group (3.8% vs. 0.6%; p = .0001). However, there is no significant difference in the rate of mortality between the two groups (p = .96). The pooled rate of a good outcome in 90 days was 67.8% in those with rt-PA and 63.3% in those without rt-PA (p = .07). Heterogeneity was 43% between the studies (p = .08). After adjusting for the heterogeneity, thrombolysis was associated with good outcome (68.3% vs. 63.0%, OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14-1.89; p = .003). In post hoc analyses, including only RCTs, the pooled rate of good outcome had no significant differences between the two groups (86.6% vs. 85.7%, 95% CI 0.44-3.17, p = .74; 87.4% vs. 91.9%, 95% CI 0.35-1.41, p = .32; before and after adjusting separately). CONCLUSIONS Although thrombolysis might increase the risk of ICH based on existing studies, patients with acute minor ischemic stroke could still benefit from thrombolysis at 3 months from the onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Lan
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangpen Li
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingrui Pan
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongxuan Wang
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of NeurologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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88
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Griessenauer CJ. In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy in Large-Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke Presenting with Low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". World Neurosurg 2019; 125:543. [PMID: 31500078 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph J Griessenauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA; Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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89
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Toth G, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Tsai JP, Cerejo R, Al Kasab S, Uchino K, Hussain MS, Bain M, Bullen J, Samaniego EA. The Safety and Feasibility of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion. Neurosurgery 2019; 86:802-807. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Prospective evidence to support mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for mild ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is lacking. There is uncertainty about using an invasive procedure in patients with mild symptoms.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and feasibility of MT in patients with mild symptoms and LVO.
METHODS
Our single-arm prospective pilot study recruited patients with LVO and initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) <6, who underwent standard MT. Primary safety endpoints were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and/or worsening NIHSS by ≥4 points. Secondary endpoints included angiographic recanalization, NIHSS change, final infarct volume, and modified Rankin score (mRS).
RESULTS
We enrolled 20 patients (mean age 65.6 ± 12.3 yr; 45% females). Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 2B/3 thrombectomy was achieved in 95%. No patients suffered sICH. One patient (5%) had neurologic worsening within 24 h because of underlying intracranial stenosis. No other complications or safety concerns were identified. Median NIHSS was significantly better at discharge (0.5, P = .007) and at last follow-up (0, P < .001) than before treatment (3). Mean post vs preintervention infarct volumes were small without significant difference (1.2 ml, P = .434). Most patients (85%) were discharged directly home. Excellent clinical outcome (mRS 0-1) at last follow-up was seen in 95% of patients.
CONCLUSION
This is one of the first specifically designed prospective studies showing that MT is safe and feasible in patients with low NIHSS and LVO. Chronic underlying vasculopathy may be a challenging dilemma. We observed excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes, but randomized controlled trials are needed to demonstrate the efficacy of MT in this unique cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Toth
- Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jenny P Tsai
- Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Russell Cerejo
- Cerebrovascular Center, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sami Al Kasab
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ken Uchino
- Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Mark Bain
- Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Bullen
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Edgar A Samaniego
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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90
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Wollenweber FA, Tiedt S, Alegiani A, Alber B, Bangard C, Berrouschot J, Bode FJ, Boeckh-Behrens T, Bohner G, Bormann A, Braun M, Dorn F, Eckert B, Flottmann F, Hamann GF, Henn KH, Herzberg M, Kastrup A, Kellert L, Kraemer C, Krause L, Lehm M, Liman J, Lowens S, Mpotsaris A, Papanagiotou P, Petersen M, Petzold GC, Pfeilschifter W, Psychogios MN, Reich A, von Rennenberg R, Röther J, Schäfer JH, Siebert E, Siedow A, Solymosi L, Thonke S, Wagner M, Wunderlich S, Zweynert S, Nolte CH, Gerloff C, Thomalla G, Dichgans M, Fiehler J. Functional Outcome Following Stroke Thrombectomy in Clinical Practice. Stroke 2019; 50:2500-2506. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Endovascular treatment for large vessel occlusion in ischemic stroke has proven to be effective in large clinical trials. We aimed to provide real-world estimates of endovascular treatment reperfusion rates and functional outcome on a countrywide scale.
Methods—
Two thousand seven hundred ninety-four patients with large vessel occlusion were included into an investigator-initiated, industry-independent, prospective registry in 25 sites in Germany between June 2015 and April 2018. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin Scale ranging from zero (no symptoms) to 6 (death) at 3 months. Secondary analyses included the prediction of a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2). Dichotomized analyses of predictors were performed using logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.
Results—
Median age was 75 years (interquartile range, 64–82); median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 15 (interquartile range, 10–19). Vessel occlusion was in the anterior circulation in 2265 patients (88%) and in the posterior circulation in 303 patients (12%). Intravenous alteplase before endovascular treatment was given in 1457 patients (56%). Successful reperfusion was achieved in 2143 subjects (83%). At 3 months, 854 patients (37%) showed a good outcome; mortality was 29%. There was no difference between anterior and posterior circulation occlusions (
P
=0.27). Significant predictors for a good outcome were younger age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05–1.07), no interhospital transfer (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.03–1.88), lower stroke severity (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08–1.13), smaller infarct size (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.15–1.39), alteplase use (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08–2.06), and reperfusion success (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.45–1.96).
Conclusions—
High rates of favorable outcome can be achieved on a countrywide scale by endovascular treatment. Mortality appears to be greater in the daily routine than otherwise reported by authors of large randomized trials. There were no outcome differences between the anterior and posterior circulation.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03356392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Wollenweber
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (F.A.W., S.T., M.D.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology (F.A.W., L. Kellert), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (F.A.W., S.T., M.D.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Alegiani
- Department of Neurology (A.A., C.G., G.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Burkhard Alber
- Department of Neurology, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Germany (B.A., G.F.H.)
| | - Christopher Bangard
- Department of Radiology, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie (C.B.), Klinikum Hanau, Germany
| | - Jörg Berrouschot
- Department of Neurology (J.B.), Klinikum Altenburger Land, Germany
| | - Felix J. Bode
- Department of Neurology (F.J.B., G.C.P.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeckh-Behrens
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich, Germany (T.B.-B., M.L.)
| | - Georg Bohner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neuroradiology (G.B., E.S.), Charite Universitary Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Bormann
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.B.), Klinikum Altenburger Land, Germany
| | - Michael Braun
- Department of Radiology, Sektion Neuroradiologie Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, BKH-Günzburg, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Franziska Dorn
- Department of Neuroradiology (F.D., M.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Eckert
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institut für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Germany (B.E.)
| | - Fabian Flottmann
- Department of Neuroradiology (F.F., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Gerhard F. Hamann
- Department of Neurology, Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Germany (B.A., G.F.H.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Henn
- Department of Neurology, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Germany (K.-H.H., A.S.)
| | - Moriz Herzberg
- Department of Neuroradiology (F.D., M.H.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Kastrup
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Germany (A.K.)
| | - Lars Kellert
- Department of Neurology (F.A.W., L. Kellert), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lars Krause
- Department of Neurology (L. Krause, M.P.), Klinikum Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Manuel Lehm
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich, Germany (T.B.-B., M.L.)
| | - Jan Liman
- Department of Neurology (J.L.), University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lowens
- Department of Radiology (S.L.), Klinikum Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Panagiotis Papanagiotou
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hospitals, Bremen-Mitte, Germany (P.P.)
| | - Martina Petersen
- Department of Neurology (L. Krause, M.P.), Klinikum Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gabor C. Petzold
- Department of Neurology (F.J.B., G.C.P.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (G.C.P., M.D.)
| | - Waltraud Pfeilschifter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P., J.-H.S.)
| | - Marios-Nikos Psychogios
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.-N.P.), University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland (M.-N.P.)
| | - Arno Reich
- Department of Neurology (A.R.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Regina von Rennenberg
- Department of Neurology (R.v.R., S.Z., C.H.N.), Charite Universitary Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Röther
- Department of Neurology, Neurologische Abteilung, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Germany (J.R.)
| | - Jan-Hendrik Schäfer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (W.P., J.-H.S.)
| | - Eberhard Siebert
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Neuroradiology (G.B., E.S.), Charite Universitary Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Siedow
- Department of Neurology, Sana Klinikum Offenbach, Germany (K.-H.H., A.S.)
| | - Laszlo Solymosi
- Department of Neuroradiology (L.S.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Thonke
- Department of Neurology (S.T.), Klinikum Hanau, Germany
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.W.)
| | - Silke Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Clinic and Policlinic for Neurology, Hospital of the Technical University Munich, Germany (S.W.)
| | - Sarah Zweynert
- Department of Neurology (R.v.R., S.Z., C.H.N.), Charite Universitary Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H. Nolte
- Department of Neurology (R.v.R., S.Z., C.H.N.), Charite Universitary Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology (A.A., C.G., G.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology (A.A., C.G., G.T.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (F.A.W., S.T., M.D.), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany (G.C.P., M.D.)
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Neuroradiology (F.F., J.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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91
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Rehani B, Ammanuel SG, Zhang Y, Smith W, Cooke DL, Hetts SW, Josephson SA, Kim A, Hemphill JC, Dillon W. A New Era of Extended Time Window Acute Stroke Interventions Guided by Imaging. Neurohospitalist 2019; 10:29-37. [PMID: 31839862 DOI: 10.1177/1941874419870701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most debilitating and deadliest conditions worldwide. Intravenous t-PA is the current standard treatment within 4 hours after onset of symptoms. Recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of neurointerventional intra-arterial treatment in acute ischemic stroke. About 20% of acute ischemic stroke are classified as wake-up strokes, which falls out of the conventional treatment time window. New evidence suggests that some patients with longer time from symptom onset (up to 24 hours) may benefit from thrombectomy, probably in part due to variations in collateral circulation among individual patients. Advanced imaging can play a crucial role in identifying patients who could benefit from endovascular intervention presenting within extended treatment time windows. In this article, we review the advanced imaging algorithm for ischemic stroke workup in the multiple studies published to date and summarize the results of the clinical trials for late ischemic stroke that can be clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Rehani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon G Ammanuel
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wade Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Cooke
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven W Hetts
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Andrew Josephson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Dillon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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92
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Aoki J, Suzuki K, Kanamaru T, Kutsuna A, Katano T, Takayama Y, Nishi Y, Takeshi Y, Nakagami T, Numao S, Abe A, Suda S, Nishiyama Y, Kimura K. Association between initial NIHSS score and recanalization rate after endovascular thrombectomy. J Neurol Sci 2019; 403:127-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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93
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van der Zijden T, Mondelaers A, Yperzeele L, Voormolen M, Parizel PM. Current concepts in imaging and endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke: implications for the clinician. Insights Imaging 2019; 10:64. [PMID: 31197499 PMCID: PMC6565797 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-019-0744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, the management of acute ischemic stroke has changed dramatically, from an expectant bedside "wait and see" attitude towards active treatment, thanks to the continuous improvement of new therapeutic options. In addition to the use of intravenous (IV) thrombolysis in emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), endovascular therapy (EVT) has proven to be very efficient in selected acute stroke patients. The indications for EVT have progressed from the era of thrombolysis to individual patient profiling. Recently, several indication parameters, e.g., "treatment time window" or "more distal vessel occlusion," are under debate for adjustment. In this article, we review the imaging strategies in acute stroke and discuss several EVT indication dogmas, which are subject to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs van der Zijden
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital & University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Mondelaers
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital & University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Yperzeele
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital & University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maurits Voormolen
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital & University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul M Parizel
- Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital & University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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94
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Koge J. [Reperfusion therapy in patients with minor or mild ischemic stroke]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2019; 59:84-92. [PMID: 30700691 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of patients with minor or mild stroke symptoms on initial presentation subsequently develop neurological deterioration and poor clinical outcomes at hospital discharge. The presence of an underlying large vessel occlusion is a strong predictor of both clinical worsening and poor outcome. Although patients with a low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) could have been included in some randomized controlled trials, the benefits of the mechanical thrombectomy for patients with a low NIHSS score are unknown. The causes of neurological deterioration in patients with underlying large vessel occlusion are heterogeneous, but include collateral failure, and no straightforward mechanisms are found in the majority of cases. Patients with internal carotid artery occlusion, but with a patent middle cerebral artery (MCA), can occasionally have good collateral circulation and develop only minor or mild stroke. These patients exhibit collateral MCA flow via the circle of Willis despite ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. However, thrombus migration may cause occlusion of collateral MCA flow, leading to dramatic neurological deterioration. Careful observation and detailed assessment are required for the management of these patients. Recent studies have examined the efficacy and optimal timing of thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy for patients with minor or mild stroke. Herein, we review the mechanisms of neurological deterioration, and the efficacy of reperfusion therapy, for patients with minor or mild stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Koge
- Division of Neurology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital
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