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Zhang D, Lee H, Cao Y, Dela Cruz CS, Jin Y. miR-185 mediates lung epithelial cell death after oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L700-10. [PMID: 26747785 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00392.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial cell death is a prominent feature involved in the development of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Hyperoxia-induced ALI is an established animal model mimicking human ARDS. Small noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have potent physiological and pathological functions involving multiple disease processes. Emerging interests focus on the potential of miRNAs to serve as novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. We found that hyperoxia highly induces miR-185 and its precursor in human lung epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner, and this observation is confirmed using mouse primary lung epithelial cells. The hyperoxia-induced miR-185 is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) locates in the promoter region of miR-185. We found that hyperoxia suppresses HDAC4 specifically in a time-dependent manner and subsequently affects histone deacetylation, resulting in an elevated miR-185 transcription. Using MC1586, an inhibitor of class IIa HDACs, we showed that inhibition of class IIa HDACs upregulates the expression of miR-185, mimicking the effects of hyperoxia. Functionally, miR-185 promotes hyperoxia-induced lung epithelial cell death through inducing DNA damage. We confirmed functional roles of miR-185 using both the loss- and gain-of-function approaches. Moreover, multiple 14-3-3δ pathway proteins are highly attenuated by miR-185 in the presence of hyperoxia. Taken together, hyperoxia-induced miR-185 in lung epithelial cells contributes to oxidative stress-associated epithelial cell death through enhanced DNA damage and modulation of 14-3-3δ pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yong Cao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Yan X, Wu L, Li B, Meng X, Dai H, Zheng Y, Fu J. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates acute lung injury in sepsis rats. J Surg Res 2015; 199:592-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ota C, Ishizawa K, Yamada M, Tando Y, He M, Takahashi T, Yamaya M, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Kure S, Kubo H. Receptor for advanced glycation end products expressed on alveolar epithelial cells is the main target for hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Respir Investig 2015; 54:98-108. [PMID: 26879479 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is abundantly expressed on alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and participates in innate immune responses such as apoptosis and inflammation. However, it is unclear whether RAGE-mediated apoptosis of AECs is associated with hyperoxia-induced lung injury. METHODS We used wild-type and RAGE-knockout C57BL6/J mice in this study. In addition, we developed bone marrow chimeric mouse models expressing RAGE on hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells, including lung parenchymal cells, and compared survival ratios and changes in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier after hyperoxia exposure. Further, we prepared single cell suspensions of lung cells and evaluated the apoptosis of AECs or microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) by using a combination of antibodies and JC-1 dye. We also examined whether RAGE inhibition decreased hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial cells in vitro. RESULTS After hyperoxia exposure, mice expressing RAGE on lung cells showed lower survival rate and increased alveolar-capillary permeability than mice expressing RAGE on hematopoietic cells. RAGE-expressing AECs showed significantly higher apoptosis than RAGE-knockout AECs after in vivo hyperoxia exposure. The level of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis was not different in MVECs. However, RAGE-null lung epithelial cells showed lower apoptosis than RAGE-expressing cells in vitro. CONCLUSION These results indicated that RAGE on AECs mainly contributed to hyperoxia-induced lung injury and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Ota
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kota Ishizawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Tando
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mei He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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54
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Antognelli C, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Talesa VN. Peroxynitrite-mediated glyoxalase I epigenetic inhibition drives apoptosis in airway epithelial cells exposed to crystalline silica via a novel mechanism involving argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70, JNK, and NF-κB. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:128-141. [PMID: 25841781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (Glo1) is a cellular defense enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic by-product of glycolysis, and MG-derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Argpyrimidine (AP), one of the major AGEs coming from MG modification of protein arginines, is a proapoptotic agent. Crystalline silica is a well-known occupational health hazard, responsible for a relevant number of pulmonary diseases. Exposure of cells to crystalline silica results in a number of complex biological responses, including apoptosis. The present study was aimed at investigating whether, and through which mechanism, Glo1 was involved in Min-U-Sil 5 crystalline silica-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis, by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay, and transcript and protein levels or enzymatic activity, by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and spectrophotometric methods, respectively, were evaluated in human bronchial BEAS-2B cells exposed or not (control) to crystalline silica and also in experiments with appropriate inhibitors. Reactive oxygen species were evaluated by coumarin-7-boronic acid or Amplex red hydrogen peroxide/peroxidase methods for peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measurements, respectively. Our results showed that Min-U-Sil 5 crystalline silica induced a dramatic ONOO(-)-mediated inhibition of Glo1, leading to AP-modified Hsp70 protein accumulation that, in a mechanism involving JNK and NF-κB, triggered an apoptotic mitochondrial pathway. Inhibition of Glo1 occurred at both functional and transcriptional levels, the latter occurring via ERK1/2 MAPK and miRNA 101 involvement. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Glo1 is involved in the Min-U-Sil 5 crystalline silica-induced BEAS-2B cell mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via a novel mechanism involving Hsp70, JNK, and NF-κB. Because maintenance of an intact respiratory epithelium is a critically important determinant of normal respiratory function, the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying its disruption may provide insight into the genesis, and possibly the prevention, of a number of pathological conditions commonly occurring in silica dust occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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Wang L, Lingappan K, Jiang W, Couroucli XI, Welty SE, Shivanna B, Barrios R, Wang G, Firoze Khan M, Gonzalez FJ, Jackson Roberts L, Moorthy B. Disruption of cytochrome P4501A2 in mice leads to increased susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 82:147-59. [PMID: 25680282 PMCID: PMC4418801 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxia contributes to acute lung injury in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A enzymes have been implicated in hyperoxic lung injury, but the mechanistic role of CYP1A2 in pulmonary injury is not known. We hypothesized that mice lacking the gene Cyp1a2 (which is predominantly expressed in the liver) will be more sensitive to lung injury and inflammation mediated by hyperoxia and that CYP1A2 will play a protective role by attenuating lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the lung. Eight- to ten-week-old WT (C57BL/6) or Cyp1a2(-/-) mice were exposed to hyperoxia (>95% O2) or maintained in room air for 24-72 h. Lung injury was assessed by determining the ratio of lung weight/body weight (LW/BW) and by histology. Extent of inflammation was determined by measuring the number of neutrophils in the lung as well as cytokine expression. The Cyp1a2(-/-) mice under hyperoxic conditions showed increased LW/BW ratios, lung injury, neutrophil infiltration, and IL-6 and TNF-α levels and augmented lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by increased formation of malondialdehyde- and 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts and pulmonary isofurans compared to WT mice. In vitro experiments showed that the F2-isoprostane PGF2-α is metabolized by CYP1A2 to a dinor metabolite, providing evidence for a catalytic role for CYP1A2 in the metabolism of F2-isoprostanes. In summary, our results support the hypothesis that hepatic CYP1A2 plays a critical role in the attenuation of hyperoxic lung injury by decreasing lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xanthi I Couroucli
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen E Welty
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberto Barrios
- Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gangduo Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - M Firoze Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - L Jackson Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Sun CK, Lee FY, Kao YH, Chiang HJ, Sung PH, Tsai TH, Lin YC, Leu S, Wu YC, Lu HI, Chen YL, Chung SY, Su HL, Yip HK. Systemic combined melatonin-mitochondria treatment improves acute respiratory distress syndrome in the rat. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:137-50. [PMID: 25491480 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite high in-hospital mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is no effective therapeutic strategy. We tested the hypothesis that combined melatonin-mitochondria treatment ameliorates 100% oxygen-induced ARDS in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 40) were equally categorized into normal controls, ARDS, ARDS-melatonin, ARDS with intravenous liver-derived mitochondria (1500 μg per rat 6 hr after ARDS induction), and ARDS receiving combined melatonin-mitochondria. The results showed that 22 hr after ARDS induction, oxygen saturation (saO2 ) was lowest in the ARDS group and highest in normal controls, significantly lower in ARDS-melatonin and ARDS-mitochondria than in combined melatonin-mitochondria group, and significantly lower in ARDS-mitochondria than in ARDS-melatonin group. Conversely, right ventricular systolic blood pressure and lung weight showed an opposite pattern compared with saO2 among all groups (all P < 0.001). Histological integrity of alveolar sacs showed a pattern identical to saO2 , whereas lung crowding score exhibited an opposite pattern (all P < 0.001). Albumin level and inflammatory cells (MPO+, CD40+, CD11b/c+) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed a pattern opposite to saO2 (all P < 0.001). Protein expression of indices of inflammation (MMP-9, TNF-α, NF-κB), oxidative stress (oxidized protein, NO-1, NOX-2, NOX-4), apoptosis (mitochondrial Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP), fibrosis (Smad3, TGF-β), mitochondrial damage (cytochrome C), and DNA damage (γ-H2AX+) exhibited an opposite pattern compared to saO2 in all groups, whereas protein (HO-1, NQO-1, GR, GPx) and cellular (HO-1+) expressions of antioxidants exhibited a progressively increased pattern from normal controls to ARDS combined melatonin-mitochondria group (all P < 0.001). In conclusion, combined melatonin-mitochondrial was superior to either treatment alone in attenuating ARDS in this rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li HD, Zhang QX, Mao Z, Xu XJ, Li NY, Zhang H. Exogenous interleukin-10 attenuates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:331-40. [PMID: 25480159 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.083337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Dong Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease; the 88th Hospital of the Chinese PLA; Taian 271000 China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics; the 148th Hospital of the Chinese PLA; Zibo 255300 China
| | - Zhi Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine; the Chinese PLA General Hospital; Beijing 100853 China
| | - Xing-Jie Xu
- Department of TCM; The Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College; Taian 271000 China
| | - Nai-Yi Li
- Department of Medical Services; the 88th Hospital of the Chinese PLA; Taian 271000 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology; the 88th Hospital of the Chinese PLA; Taian 271000 China
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58
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Berkelhamer SK, Farrow KN. Developmental regulation of antioxidant enzymes and their impact on neonatal lung disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1837-48. [PMID: 24295375 PMCID: PMC4203145 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Deficient antioxidant defenses and compromised ability to respond to oxidative stress burden the immature lung. Routine neonatal therapies can cause increased oxidative stress with subsequent injury to the premature lung. Novel therapeutic approaches to protect the premature lung are greatly needed. RECENT ADVANCES Live cell imaging with targeted redox probes allows for the measurement of subcellular oxidative stress and for comparisons of oxidative stress across development. Comprehension of subcellular and cell-type-specific responses to oxidative stress may influence the targeting of future antioxidant therapies. CRITICAL ISSUES Challenges remain in identifying the optimal cellular targets, degree of enzyme activity, and appropriate antioxidant therapy. Further, the efficacy of delivering exogenous antioxidants to specific cell types or subcellular compartments remains under investigation. Treatment with a nonselective antioxidant could unintentionally compromise cellular function or impact cellular defense mechanisms and homeostasis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Genetic and/or biomarker screening may identify infants at the greatest risk for oxidative lung injury and guide the use of more selective antioxidant therapies. Novel approaches to the delivery of antioxidant enzymes may allow cell type- or cellular organelle-specific therapy. Improved comprehension of the antioxidant enzyme regulation across cell type, cell compartment, gender, and developmental stage is critical to the design and optimization of therapy.
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59
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Wu F, Szczepaniak WS, Shiva S, Liu H, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Kelley EE, Chen AF, Gladwin MT, McVerry BJ. Nox2-dependent glutathionylation of endothelial NOS leads to uncoupled superoxide production and endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L987-97. [PMID: 25326583 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00063.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular barrier integrity is dependent on bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) produced locally by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Under conditions of limited substrate or cofactor availability or by enzymatic modification, eNOS may become uncoupled, producing superoxide in lieu of NO. This study was designed to investigate how eNOS-dependent superoxide production contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction in inflammatory lung injury and its regulation. C57BL/6J mice were challenged with intratracheal LPS. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for protein accumulation, and lung tissue homogenate was assayed for endothelial NOS content and function. Human lung microvascular endothelial cell (HLMVEC) monolayers were exposed to LPS in vitro, and barrier integrity and superoxide production were measured. Biopterin species were quantified, and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays were performed to identify protein interactions with eNOS that putatively drive uncoupling. Mice exposed to LPS demonstrated eNOS-dependent increased alveolar permeability without evidence for altered canonical NO signaling. LPS-induced superoxide production and permeability in HLMVEC were inhibited by the NOS inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, eNOS-targeted siRNA, the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, and superoxide dismutase. Co-IP indicated that LPS stimulated the association of eNOS with NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), which correlated with augmented eNOS S-glutathionylation both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Nox2-specific inhibition prevented LPS-induced eNOS modification and increases in both superoxide production and permeability. These data indicate that eNOS uncoupling contributes to superoxide production and barrier dysfunction in the lung microvasculature after exposure to LPS. Furthermore, the results implicate Nox2-mediated eNOS-S-glutathionylation as a mechanism underlying LPS-induced eNOS uncoupling in the lung microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William S Szczepaniak
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Huanbo Liu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinna Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ling Wang
- University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ying Wang
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E Kelley
- University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex F Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
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Lingappan K, Jiang W, Wang L, Wang G, Couroucli XI, Shivanna B, Welty SE, Barrios R, Khan MF, Nebert DW, Roberts LJ, Moorthy B. Mice deficient in the gene for cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 are more susceptible than wild-type to hyperoxic lung injury: evidence for protective role of CYP1A1 against oxidative stress. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:68-77. [PMID: 24893714 PMCID: PMC4200035 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia contributes to acute lung injury in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 has been shown to modulate hyperoxic lung injury. The mechanistic role(s) of CYP1A1 in hyperoxic lung injury in vivo is not known. In this investigation, we hypothesized that Cyp1a1(-/-) mice would be more susceptible to hyperoxic lung injury than wild-type (WT) mice, and that the protective role of CYP1A1 is in part due to CYP1A1-mediated decrease in the levels of reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid hydroperoxides, e.g., F2-isoprostanes/isofurans, leading to attenuation of oxidative damage. Eight- to ten-week-old male WT (C57BL/6J) or Cyp1a1(-/-) mice were exposed to hyperoxia (>95% O2) or room air for 24-72 h. The Cyp1a1(-/-) mice were more susceptible to oxygen-mediated lung damage and inflammation than WT mice, as evidenced by increased lung weight/body weight ratio, lung injury, neutrophil infiltration, and augmented expression of IL-6. Hyperoxia for 24-48 h induced CYP1A expression at the mRNA, protein, and enzyme levels in liver and lung of WT mice. Pulmonary F2-isoprostane and isofuran levels were elevated in WT mice after hyperoxia for 24 h. On the other hand, Cyp1a1(-/-) mice showed higher levels after 48-72 h of hyperoxia exposure compared to WT mice. Our results support the hypothesis that CYP1A1 protects against hyperoxic lung injury by decreasing oxidative stress. Future research could lead to the development of novel strategies for prevention and/or treatment of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Lingappan
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Gangduo Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Xanthi I Couroucli
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Binoy Shivanna
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Stephen E Welty
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Roberto Barrios
- Department of Pathology, The Methodist Research Organization, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - M Firoze Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267
| | - L Jackson Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
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Liu XX, Yu XR, Jia XH, Wang KX, Yu ZY, Lv CJ. Effect of hyperoxia on the viability and proliferation of the primary type II alveolar epithelial cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:1539-46. [PMID: 23737339 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To observe the effect of hyperoxia on the growth of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). The lungs of 19-day gestation fetal rats were primary cultured and the AEC II were purified by differential adhesion method. The cells were divided into control (normoxia) group and hyperoxia group. The cell growth, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle were examined at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of normoxia or hyperoxia exposure. The number of cells in hyperoxia-exposed group significantly decreased as compared to those of air control group. Number of cells in hyperoxia group was the highest at day 2 of exposure and gradually decreased with time. The viability of cells exposed to hyperoxia was substantially reduced compared with cells exposed to air. Percentage of cells in G1 phase and S phase in hyperoxia group increased gradually with increase in exposure duration and significant differences were seen at day 4 and day 6 compared with either the preceding time points and also with corresponding air-exposed cells. The percentage of both early apoptotic cells (Annexin-V(+)/PI(-)) and late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells (Annexin-V(+)/PI(+)) increased significantly in cells exposed to hyperoxia compared with cells exposed to air. Hyperoxia inhibits proliferation, viability and growth of AEC II and promotes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-xiang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, China,
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Lingappan K, Srinivasan C, Jiang W, Wang L, Couroucli XI, Moorthy B. Analysis of the transcriptome in hyperoxic lung injury and sex-specific alterations in gene expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101581. [PMID: 25003466 PMCID: PMC4086819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to high concentration of oxygen (hyperoxia) leads to lung injury in experimental animal models and plays a role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in humans. The mechanisms responsible for sex differences in the susceptibility towards hyperoxic lung injury remain largely unknown. The major goal of this study was to characterize the changes in the pulmonary transcriptome following hyperoxia exposure and further elucidate the sex-specific changes. Male and female (8-10 wk) wild type (WT) (C57BL/6J) mice were exposed to hyperoxia (FiO2>0.95) and gene expression in lung tissues was studied at 48 h. A combination of fold change ≥1.4 and false discovery rate (FDR)<5% was used to define differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Overrepresentation of gene ontology terms representing biological processes and signaling pathway impact analysis (SPIA) was performed. Comparison of DEG profiles identified 327 genes unique to females, 585 unique to males and 1882 common genes. The major new findings of this study are the identification of new candidate genes of interest and the sex-specific transcriptomic changes in hyperoxic lung injury. We also identified DEGs involved in signaling pathways like MAP kinase and NF-kappa B which may explain the differences in sex-specific susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury. These findings highlight changes in the pulmonary transcriptome and sex-specific differences in hyperoxic lung injury, and suggest new pathways, whose components could serve as sex-specific biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress (ARDS) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chandra Srinivasan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xanthi I. Couroucli
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Michaelis KA, Agboke F, Liu T, Han K, Muthu M, Galambos C, Yang G, Dennery PA, Wright CJ. IκBβ-mediated NF-κB activation confers protection against hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:429-38. [PMID: 24066808 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0303oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen is frequently used in an attempt to improve oxygen delivery; however, prolonged exposure results in damage to the pulmonary endothelium and epithelium. Although NF-κB has been identified as a redox-responsive transcription factor, whether NF-κB activation exacerbates or attenuates hyperoxic lung injury is unclear. We determined that sustained NF-κB activity mediated by IκBβ attenuates lung injury and prevents mortality in adult mice exposed to greater than 95% O2. Adult wild-type mice demonstrated evidence of alveolar protein leak and 100% mortality by 6 days of hyperoxic exposure, and showed NF-κB nuclear translocation that terminated after 48 hours. Furthermore, these mice showed increased expression of NF-κB-regulated proinflammatory and proapoptotic cytokines. In contrast, mice overexpressing the NF-κB inhibitory protein, IκBβ (AKBI), demonstrated significant resistance to hyperoxic lung injury, with 50% surviving through 8 days of exposure. This was associated with NF-κB nuclear translocation that persisted through 96 hours of exposure. Although induction of NF-κB-regulated proinflammatory cytokines was not different between wild-type and AKBI mice, significant up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins (BCL-2, BCL-XL) was found exclusively in AKBI mice. We conclude that sustained NF-κB activity mediated by IκBβ protects against hyperoxic lung injury through increased expression of antiapoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Michaelis
- 1 Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Inhibition of extracellular HMGB1 attenuates hyperoxia-induced inflammatory acute lung injury. Redox Biol 2014; 2:314-22. [PMID: 24563849 PMCID: PMC3926109 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to hyperoxia results in acute lung injury (ALI), accompanied by a significant elevation in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration in the lungs. However, the mechanisms underlying hyperoxia-induced proinflammatory ALI remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of the proinflammatory cytokine high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in hyperoxic inflammatory lung injury, using an adult mouse model. The exposure of C57BL/6 mice to ≥99% O2 (hyperoxia) significantly increased the accumulation of HMGB1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) prior to the onset of severe inflammatory lung injury. In the airways of hyperoxic mice, HMGB1 was hyperacetylated and existed in various redox forms. Intratracheal administration of recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) caused a significant increase in leukocyte infiltration into the lungs compared to animal treated with a non-specific peptide. Neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibodies, administrated before hyperoxia significantly attenuated pulmonary edema and inflammatory responses, as indicated by decreased total protein content, wet/dry weight ratio, and numbers of leukocytes in the airways. This protection was also observed when HMGB1 inhibitors were administered after the onset of the hyperoxic exposure. The aliphatic antioxidant, ethyl pyruvate (EP), inhibited HMGB1 secretion from hyperoxic macrophages and attenuated hyperoxic lung injury. Overall, our data suggest that HMGB1 plays a critical role in mediating hyperoxic ALI through the recruitment of leukocytes into the lungs. If these results can be translated to humans, they suggest that HMGB1 inhibitors provide treatment regimens for oxidative inflammatory lung injury in patients receiving hyperoxia through mechanical ventilation. Exposure to hyperoxia results in accumulation of high levels of airway HMGB1 that precede inflammatory acute lung injury (ALI). Airway HMGB1 is critical in mediating hyperoxia-induced inflammatory ALI via recruiting leukocytes including neutrophils. Extracellular HMGB1-accumulated upon prolonged exposure to hyperoxia is hyperacetylated, existing in different redox states. Small molecule EP, administrated even after the onset of hyperoxic exposure, can mitigate hyperoxia-induced inflammatory ALI by inhibiting HMGB1 release into the extracellular milieu.
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Key Words
- ALI, acute lung injury
- BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids
- EP, ethyl pyruvate
- GST, gluthatione-s-transferase
- HMGB1
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- Hyperacetylation
- Hyperoxia
- MV, mechanical ventilation
- Macrophage
- NLS, nuclear localization signal
- PMNs, polymorphonuclear neutrophils
- RA, room air
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Redox state
- rHMGB1, recombinant HMGB1
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Rozycki HJ. Potential contribution of type I alveolar epithelial cells to chronic neonatal lung disease. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:45. [PMID: 24904906 PMCID: PMC4032902 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar surface is covered by large flat Type I cells (alveolar epithelial cells 1, AEC1). The normal physiological function of AEC1s involves gas exchange, based on their location in approximation to the capillary endothelium and their thinness, and in ion and water flux, as shown by the presence of solute active transport proteins, water channels, and impermeable tight junctions between cells. With the recent ability to produce relatively pure cultures of AEC1 cells, new functions have been described. These may be relevant to lung injury, repair, and the abnormal development that characterizes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To hypothesize a potential role for AEC1 in the development of lung injury and abnormal repair/development in premature lungs, evidence is presented for their presence in the developing lung, how their source may not be the Type II cell (AEC2) as has been assumed for 40 years, and how the cell can be damaged by same type of stressors as those which lead to BPD. Recent work shows that the cells are part of the innate immune response, capable of producing pro-inflammatory mediators, which could contribute to the increase in inflammation seen in early BPD. One of the receptors found exclusively on AEC1 cells in the lung, called RAGE, may also have a role in increased inflammation and alveolar simplification. While the current evidence for AEC1 involvement in BPD is circumstantial and limited at present, the accumulating data supports several hypotheses and questions regarding potential differences in the behavior of AEC1 cells from newborn and premature lung compared with the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Rozycki
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
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Dong HY, Xu M, Ji ZY, Wang YX, Dong MQ, Liu ML, Xu DQ, Zhao PT, Liu Y, Luo Y, Niu W, Zhang B, Ye J, Li ZC. Leptin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide or Oleic Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:1057-63. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0301oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Bhargava M, Dey S, Becker T, Steinbach M, Wu B, Lee SM, Higgins L, Kumar V, Bitterman PB, Ingbar DH, Wendt CH. Protein expression profile of rat type two alveolar epithelial cells during hyperoxic stress and recovery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L604-14. [PMID: 24014686 PMCID: PMC3840279 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00079.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In rodent model systems, the sequential changes in lung morphology resulting from hyperoxic injury are well characterized and are similar to changes in human acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the injured lung, alveolar type two (AT2) epithelial cells play a critical role in restoring the normal alveolar structure. Thus characterizing the changes in AT2 cells will provide insights into the mechanisms underpinning the recovery from lung injury. We applied an unbiased systems-level proteomics approach to elucidate molecular mechanisms contributing to lung repair in a rat hyperoxic lung injury model. AT2 cells were isolated from rat lungs at predetermined intervals during hyperoxic injury and recovery. Protein expression profiles were determined by using iTRAQ with tandem mass spectrometry. Of the 959 distinct proteins identified, 183 significantly changed in abundance during the injury-recovery cycle. Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified cell cycle, cell differentiation, cell metabolism, ion homeostasis, programmed cell death, ubiquitination, and cell migration to be significantly enriched by these proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis of data acquired during lung repair revealed differential expression of gene sets that control multicellular organismal development, systems development, organ development, and chemical homeostasis. More detailed analysis identified activity in two regulatory pathways, JNK and miR 374. A novel short time-series expression miner algorithm identified protein clusters with coherent changes during injury and repair. We concluded that coherent changes occur in the AT2 cell proteome in response to hyperoxic stress. These findings offer guidance regarding the specific molecular mechanisms governing repair of the injured lung.
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Wei S, Moon HG, Zheng Y, Liang X, An CH, Jin Y. Flotillin-2 modulates fas signaling mediated apoptosis after hyperoxia in lung epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77519. [PMID: 24204853 PMCID: PMC3799625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are subdomains of the cell membrane with distinct protein composition and high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. Raft proteins are thought to mediate diverse cellular processes including signal transduction. However, its cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Caveolin-1 (cav-1, marker protein of caveolae) has been thought as a switchboard between extracellular matrix (ECM) stimuli and intracellular signals. Flotillin-2/reggie-1(Flot-2) is another ubiquitously expressed raft protein which defines non-caveolar raft microdomains (planar raft). Its cellular function is largely uncharacterized. Our novel studies demonstrated that Flot-2, in conjunction with cav-1, played important functions on controlling cell death via regulating Fas pathways. Using Beas2B epithelial cells, we found that in contrast to cav-1, Flot-2 conferred cytoprotection via preventing Fas mediated death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation, subsequently suppressed caspase-8 mediated extrinsic apoptosis. Moreover, Flot-2 reduced the mitochondria mediated intrinsic apoptosis by regulating the Bcl-2 family and suppressing cytochrome C release from mitochondria to cytosol. Flot-2 further modulated the common apoptosis pathway and inhibited caspase-3 activation via up-regulating the members in the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. Last, Flot-2 interacted with cav-1 and limited its expression. Taken together, we found that Flot-2 protected cells from Fas induced apoptosis and counterbalanced the pro-apoptotic effects of cav-1. Thus, Flot-2 played crucial functions in cellular homeostasis and cell survival, suggesting a differential role of individual raft proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuquan Wei
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hyung-Geun Moon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiaoliang Liang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chang Hyeok An
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lim SK, Choi H, Park MJ, Kim DI, Kim JC, Kim GY, Jeong SY, Rodionov RN, Han HJ, Yoon KC, Park SH. The ER stress-mediated decrease in DDAH1 expression is involved in formaldehyde-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:763-9. [PMID: 24140967 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is toxic to the respiratory system, and nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction stimulates the onset of respiratory diseases. The involvement of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), the l-arginine analogue asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) degrading enzyme, in FA-induced cell death in lung epithelial cells has not been investigated. In this study, we assessed the effect of FA on DDAH expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in A549 cells. We also investigated the preventive effect of DDAH overexpression on ER stress and apoptosis in FA-induced cell death. FA decreased viability in A549 cells and decreased DDAH1 and DDAH2 mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner (>4h). This coincided with increased phosphorylation of the ER stress proteins IRE1α, PERK, and eIF-2α, as well as increased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bax, C/EPB homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved PARP, and cleaved caspase-3, but decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. ADMA treatment mimicked the effect of FA. Overexpression of DDAH1, but not DDAH2, prevented FA-induced decreases in cell viability, phosphorylation of IRE1α, PERK, and eIF2α, and expression of CHOP. Effects of DDAH1 overexpression, but not DDAH2 overexpression, restored FA-induced increases in Bax, CHOP, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3 and decreases in Bcl-2. In conclusion, FA induces apoptosis of lung epithelial cells via a decrease of DDAH1 through ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Lim
- Bio-therapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Saddy F, Moraes L, Santos CL, Oliveira GP, Cruz FF, Morales MM, Capelozzi VL, de Abreu MG, Garcia CSNB, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Biphasic positive airway pressure minimizes biological impact on lung tissue in mild acute lung injury independent of etiology. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2013; 17:R228. [PMID: 24103805 PMCID: PMC4057608 DOI: 10.1186/cc13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Biphasic positive airway pressure (BIVENT) is a partial support mode that employs pressure-controlled, time-cycled ventilation set at two levels of continuous positive airway pressure with unrestricted spontaneous breathing. BIVENT can modulate inspiratory effort by modifying the frequency of controlled breaths. Nevertheless, the optimal amount of inspiratory effort to improve respiratory function while minimizing ventilator-associated lung injury during partial ventilatory assistance has not been determined. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the effects of partial ventilatory support depend on acute lung injury (ALI) etiology. This study aimed to investigate the impact of spontaneous and time-cycled control breaths during BIVENT on the lung and diaphragm in experimental pulmonary (p) and extrapulmonary (exp) ALI. Methods This was a prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study of 60 adult male Wistar rats. Mild ALI was induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide either intratracheally (ALIp) or intraperitoneally (ALIexp). After 24 hours, animals were anesthetized and further randomized as follows: (1) pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) with tidal volume (Vt) = 6 ml/kg, respiratory rate = 100 breaths/min, PEEP = 5 cmH2O, and inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio (I:E) = 1:2; or (2) BIVENT with three spontaneous and time-cycled control breath modes (100, 75, and 50 breaths/min). BIVENT was set with two levels of CPAP (Phigh = 10 cmH2O and Plow = 5 cmH2O). Inspiratory time was kept constant (Thigh = 0.3 s). Results BIVENT was associated with reduced markers of inflammation, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and epithelial and endothelial cell damage in lung tissue in both ALI models when compared to PCV. The inspiratory effort during spontaneous breaths increased during BIVENT-50 in both ALI models. In ALIp, alveolar collapse was higher in BIVENT-100 than PCV, but decreased during BIVENT-50, and diaphragmatic injury was lower during BIVENT-50 compared to PCV and BIVENT-100. In ALIexp, alveolar collapse during BIVENT-100 and BIVENT-75 was comparable to PCV, while decreasing with BIVENT-50, and diaphragmatic injury increased during BIVENT-50. Conclusions In mild ALI, BIVENT had a lower biological impact on lung tissue compared to PCV. In contrast, the response of atelectasis and diaphragmatic injury to BIVENT differed according to the rate of spontaneous/controlled breaths and ALI etiology.
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Herold S, Gabrielli NM, Vadász I. Novel concepts of acute lung injury and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L665-81. [PMID: 24039257 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we summarize recent major advances in our understanding on the molecular mechanisms, mediators, and biomarkers of acute lung injury (ALI) and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, highlighting the role of immune cells, inflammatory and noninflammatory signaling events, mechanical noxae, and the affected cellular and molecular entities and functions. Furthermore, we address novel aspects of resolution and repair of ALI, as well as putative candidates for treatment of ALI, including pharmacological and cellular therapeutic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herold
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig Univ., Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Berkelhamer SK, Kim GA, Radder JE, Wedgwood S, Czech L, Steinhorn RH, Schumacker PT. Developmental differences in hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress and cellular responses in the murine lung. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:51-60. [PMID: 23499839 PMCID: PMC3723750 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of newborn mice to high inspired oxygen elicits a distinct phenotype of compromised alveolar and vascular development, although lethality during long-term exposure is lower in newborns compared to adults. As the effects of hyperoxia are mediated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, we hypothesized that newborn mice may exhibit enhanced expression of antioxidant defenses or attenuated ROS generation compared with adults. We measured subcellular oxidant responses to acute hyperoxia in lung slices and alveolar epithelial cells at varying time points during postnatal murine lung development. Oxidant stress was assessed using RoGFP, a ratiometric protein thiol redox sensor, targeted to the cytosol or the mitochondrial matrix. In contrast to newborn resistance to oxygen-induced mortality, cells of lung slices from younger mice demonstrated exaggerated mitochondrial matrix oxidant stress compared to adults, whereas oxidant stress responses in the cytosol were absent. Cell death in lung slices from newborn mice exposed to 48h of hyperoxia was also greater than for adults. Consistent with these findings, expression of antioxidant enzymes in newborn lungs was lower than in adults, and induction of antioxidant levels and activity during 24h of in vivo exposure was absent. However, expression of the reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 was increased with hyperoxic exposure in the young but not the adult lung. Collectively, these results suggest that the greater lethality in adult animals may be more likely attributed to processes such as inflammation than to differences in antioxidant defenses. Therapies for neonatal and adult oxidative lung injury should therefore consider and address developmental differences in oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Berkelhamer
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Gina A. Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Josiah E. Radder
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 240 E. Huron Ave, McGaw Mezzanine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
| | - Stephen Wedgwood
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Lyubov Czech
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Robin H. Steinhorn
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
| | - Paul T. Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, 310 E. Superior St, Morton Building, Northwestern University, Chicago IL. 60611 USA
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Budinger GRS, Mutlu GM. Balancing the risks and benefits of oxygen therapy in critically III adults. Chest 2013; 143:1151-1162. [PMID: 23546490 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen therapy is an integral part of the treatment of critically ill patients. Maintenance of adequate oxygen delivery to vital organs often requires the administration of supplemental oxygen, sometimes at high concentrations. Although oxygen therapy is lifesaving, it may be associated with deleterious effects when administered for prolonged periods at high concentrations. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular responses to hypoxia and high levels of oxygen and review the current guidelines for oxygen therapy in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Lingappan K, Jiang W, Wang L, Couroucli XI, Barrios R, Moorthy B. Sex-specific differences in hyperoxic lung injury in mice: implications for acute and chronic lung disease in humans. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:281-90. [PMID: 23792423 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sex-specific differences in pulmonary morbidity in humans are well documented. Hyperoxia contributes to lung injury in experimental animals and humans. The mechanisms responsible for sex differences in the susceptibility towards hyperoxic lung injury remain largely unknown. In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that mice will display sex-specific differences in hyperoxic lung injury. Eight week-old male and female mice (C57BL/6J) were exposed to 72 h of hyperoxia (FiO2>0.95). After exposure to hyperoxia, lung injury, levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-iso-PGF 2α) (LC-MS/MS), apoptosis (TUNEL) and inflammatory markers (suspension bead array) were determined. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A expression in the lung was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. After exposure to hyperoxia, males showed greater lung injury, neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis, compared to air-breathing controls than females. Pulmonary 8-iso-PGF 2α levels were higher in males than females after hyperoxia exposure. Sexually dimorphic increases in levels of IL-6 (F>M) and VEGF (M>F) in the lungs were also observed. CYP1A1 expression in the lung was higher in female mice compared to males under hyperoxic conditions. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that male mice are more susceptible than females to hyperoxic lung injury and that differences in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers contribute to these sex-specific dimorphic effects. In conclusion, this paper describes the establishment of an animal model that shows sex differences in hyperoxic lung injury in a temporal manner and thus has important implications for lung diseases mediated by hyperoxia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, MC: FC530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Patel BV, Wilson MR, O'Dea KP, Takata M. TNF-induced death signaling triggers alveolar epithelial dysfunction in acute lung injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4274-82. [PMID: 23487422 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the alveolar epithelium to prevent and resolve pulmonary edema is a crucial determinant of morbidity and mortality in acute lung injury (ALI). TNF has been implicated in ALI pathogenesis, but the precise mechanisms remain undetermined. We evaluated the role of TNF signaling in pulmonary edema formation in a clinically relevant mouse model of ALI induced by acid aspiration and investigated the effects of TNF p55 receptor deletion, caspase-8 inhibition, and alveolar macrophage depletion on alveolar epithelial function. We found that TNF plays a central role in the development of pulmonary edema in ALI through activation of p55-mediated death signaling, rather than through previously well-characterized p55-mediated proinflammatory signaling. Acid aspiration produced pulmonary edema with significant alveolar epithelial dysfunction, as determined by alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and intra-alveolar levels of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. The impairment of AFC was strongly correlated with lung caspase-8 activation, which was localized to type 1 alveolar epithelial cells by flow cytometric analysis. p55-deficient mice displayed markedly attenuated injury, with improved AFC and reduced caspase-8 activity but no differences in downstream cytokine/chemokine production and neutrophil recruitment. Caspase-8 inhibition significantly improved AFC and oxygenation, whereas depletion of alveolar macrophages attenuated epithelial dysfunction with reduced TNF production and caspase-8 activity. These results provide in vivo evidence for a novel role for TNF p55 receptor-mediated caspase-8 signaling, without substantial apoptotic cell death, in triggering alveolar epithelial dysfunction and determining the early pathophysiology of ALI. Blockade of TNF-induced death signaling may provide an effective early-phase strategy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh V Patel
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
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77
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Vadász I, Brochard L. Update in acute lung injury and mechanical ventilation 2011. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:17-23. [PMID: 22753685 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201203-0582up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Klinikstrasse 33, Giessen, Germany.
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78
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Prows DR, Gibbons WJ, Burzynski BB. Synchronizing allelic effects of opposing quantitative trait loci confirmed a major epistatic interaction affecting acute lung injury survival in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38177. [PMID: 22666475 PMCID: PMC3362546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxygen (O2) levels help manage severely injured patients, but too much for too long can cause acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. In fact, continuous hyperoxia has become a prototype in rodents to mimic salient clinical and pathological characteristics of ALI/ARDS. To identify genes affecting hyperoxia-induced ALI (HALI), we previously established a mouse model of differential susceptibility. Genetic analysis of backcross and F2 populations derived from sensitive (C57BL/6J; B) and resistant (129X1/SvJ; X1) inbred strains identified five quantitative trait loci (QTLs; Shali1-5) linked to HALI survival time. Interestingly, analysis of these recombinant populations supported opposite within-strain effects on survival for the two major-effect QTLs. Whereas Shali1 alleles imparted the expected survival time effects (i.e., X1 alleles increased HALI resistance and B alleles increased sensitivity), the allelic effects of Shali2 were reversed (i.e., X1 alleles increased HALI sensitivity and B alleles increased resistance). For in vivo validation of these inverse allelic effects, we constructed reciprocal congenic lines to synchronize the sensitivity or resistance alleles of Shali1 and Shali2 within the same strain. Specifically, B-derived Shali1 or Shali2 QTL regions were transferred to X1 mice and X1-derived QTL segments were transferred to B mice. Our previous QTL results predicted that substituting Shali1 B alleles onto the resistant X1 background would add sensitivity. Surprisingly, not only were these mice more sensitive than the resistant X1 strain, they were more sensitive than the sensitive B strain. In stark contrast, substituting the Shali2 interval from the sensitive B strain onto the X1 background markedly increased the survival time. Reciprocal congenic lines confirmed the opposing allelic effects of Shali1 and Shali2 on HALI survival time and provide unique models to identify their respective quantitative trait genes and to critically assess the apparent bidirectional epistatic interactions between these major-effect loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Prows
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
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79
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Ballinger MN, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Bhan U, Horowitz JC, Moore BB, Pinsky DJ, Flavell RA, Standiford TJ. TLR signaling prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury by protecting the alveolar epithelium from oxidant-mediated death. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:356-64. [PMID: 22661086 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation using high oxygen tensions is often necessary to treat patients with respiratory failure. Recently, TLRs were identified as regulators of noninfectious oxidative lung injury. IRAK-M is an inhibitor of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling. Exposure of mice deficient in IRAK-M (IRAK-M(-/-)) to 95% oxygen resulted in reduced mortality compared with wild-type mice and occurred in association with decreased alveolar permeability and cell death. Using a bone marrow chimera model, we determined that IRAK-M's effects were mediated by structural cells rather than bone marrow-derived cells. We confirmed the expression of IRAK-M in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and showed that hyperoxia can induce the expression of this protein. In addition, IRAK-M(-/-) AECs exposed to hyperoxia experienced a decrease in cell death. IRAK-M may potentiate hyperoxic injury by suppression of key antioxidant pathways, because lungs and AECs isolated from IRAK-M(-/-) mice have increased expression/activity of heme oxygenase-1, a phase II antioxidant, and NF (erythroid-derived)-related factor-2, a transcription factor that initiates antioxidant generation. Treatment of IRAK-M(-/-) mice in vivo and IRAK-M(-/-) AECs in vitro with the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin, substantially decreased survival and significantly reduced the number of live cells after hyperoxia exposure. Collectively, our data suggest that IRAK-M inhibits the induction of antioxidants essential for protecting the lungs against cell death, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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80
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Carnesecchi S, Pache JC, Barazzone-Argiroffo C. NOX enzymes: potential target for the treatment of acute lung injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2373-85. [PMID: 22581364 PMCID: PMC7095984 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is characterized by acute inflammation, disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, and in the organizing stage by alveolar pneumocytes hyperplasia and extensive lung fibrosis. The cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to the development of ALI/ARDS are not completely understood, but there is evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by inflammatory cells as well as epithelial and endothelial cells are responsible for inflammatory response, lung damage, and abnormal repair. Among all ROS-producing enzymes, the members of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which are widely expressed in different lung cell types, have been shown to participate in cellular processes involved in the maintenance of lung integrity. It is not surprising that change in NOXs’ expression and function is involved in the development of ALI/ARDS. In this context, the use of NOX inhibitors could be a possible therapeutic perspective in the management of this syndrome. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge concerning some cellular aspects of NOXs localization and function in the lungs, consider their contribution in the development of ALI/ARDS and discuss the place of NOX inhibitors as potential therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Carnesecchi
- Department of Pediatrics/Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.
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81
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Urich D, Eisenberg JL, Hamill KJ, Takawira D, Chiarella SE, Soberanes S, Gonzalez A, Koentgen F, Manghi T, Hopkinson SB, Misharin AV, Perlman H, Mutlu GM, Budinger GRS, Jones JCR. Lung-specific loss of the laminin α3 subunit confers resistance to mechanical injury. J Cell Sci 2012; 124:2927-37. [PMID: 21878500 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.080911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins are heterotrimeric glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix that are secreted by epithelial cells and which are crucial for the normal structure and function of the basement membrane. We have generated a mouse harboring a conditional knockout of α3 laminin (Lama3(fl/fl)), one of the main laminin subunits in the lung basement membrane. At 60 days after intratracheal treatment of adult Lama3(fl/fl) mice with an adenovirus encoding Cre recombinase (Ad-Cre), the protein abundance of α3 laminin in whole lung homogenates was more than 50% lower than that in control-treated mice, suggesting a relatively long half-life for the protein in the lung. Upon exposure to an injurious ventilation strategy (tidal volume of 35 ml per kg of body weight for 2 hours), the mice with a knockdown of the α3 laminin subunit had less severe injury, as shown by lung mechanics, histology, alveolar capillary permeability and survival when compared with Ad-Null-treated mice. Knockdown of the α3 laminin subunit resulted in evidence of lung inflammation. However, this did not account for their resistance to mechanical ventilation. Rather, the loss of α3 laminin was associated with a significant increase in the collagen content of the lungs. We conclude that the loss of α3 laminin in the alveolar epithelium results in an increase in lung collagen, which confers resistance to mechanical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Urich
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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82
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Bhandari V, Choo-Wing R, Harijith A, Sun H, Syed MA, Homer RJ, Elias JA. Increased hyperoxia-induced lung injury in nitric oxide synthase 2 null mice is mediated via angiopoietin 2. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:668-76. [PMID: 22227562 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0074oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen is frequently prescribed. However, prolonged exposure to high concentrations of oxygen causes hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI), which manifests as acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults and leads to bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborns (NBs). Nitric oxide (NO), NO synthases (NOSs), and angiopoietin (Ang) 2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of HALI. However, the mechanisms of the contributions of NOS/NO and the relationship(s) between NOS/NO and Ang2 have not been addressed. In addition, the relevance of these moieties in adults and NBs has not been evaluated. To address these issues, we compared the responses in hyperoxia of wild-type (NOS [+/+]) and NOS null (-/-) young adult and NB mice. When compared with NOS2(+/+) adult controls, NOS2(-/-) animals manifest exaggerated alveolar-capillary protein leak and premature death. These responses were associated with enhanced levels of structural cell death, enhanced expression of proapoptotic regulatory proteins, and Ang2. Importantly, silencing RNA knockdown of Ang2 decreased the levels of cell death and the expression of proapoptotic mediators. These effects were at least partially NOS2 specific, and were development dependent, because survival was similar in adult NOS3(+/+) and NOS3(-/-) mice and NB NOS2(+/+) and NOS2(-/-) mice, respectively. These studies demonstrate that NOS2 plays an important protective role in HALI in adult animals. They also demonstrate that this response is mediated, at least in part, by the ability of NOS2 to inhibit hyperoxia-induced Ang2 production and thereby decrease Ang2-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, 20 York Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8057, USA.
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83
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Duch MC, Scott Budinger GR, Liang YT, Soberanes S, Urich D, Chiarella SE, Campochiaro LA, Gonzalez A, Chandel NS, Hersam MC, Mutlu GM. Minimizing oxidation and stable nanoscale dispersion improves the biocompatibility of graphene in the lung. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:5201-7. [PMID: 22023654 PMCID: PMC3237757 DOI: 10.1021/nl202515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate the proposed use of graphene and its derivative graphene oxide (GO) in widespread applications, we explored strategies that improve the biocompatibility of graphene nanomaterials in the lung. In particular, solutions of aggregated graphene, Pluronic dispersed graphene, and GO were administered directly into the lungs of mice. The introduction of GO resulted in severe and persistent lung injury. Furthermore, in cells GO increased the rate of mitochondrial respiration and the generation of reactive oxygen species, activating inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. In contrast, this toxicity was significantly reduced in the case of pristine graphene after liquid phase exfoliation and was further minimized when the unoxidized graphene was well-dispersed with the block copolymer Pluronic. Our results demonstrate that the covalent oxidation of graphene is a major contributor to its pulmonary toxicity and suggest that dispersion of pristine graphene in Pluronic provides a pathway for the safe handling and potential biomedical application of two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Duch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yu Teng Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Saul Soberanes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Daniela Urich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sergio E. Chiarella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Laura A Campochiaro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Mark C. Hersam, PhD, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Room 1017A, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, Phone: 847-491-2696, Fax: 847-491-7820, . Gökhan M. Mutlu, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E. Huron Street, McGaw M300, Chicago, IL 60611, Phone: 312-908-8163, Fax: 312-908-4650,
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: Mark C. Hersam, PhD, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Room 1017A, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, Phone: 847-491-2696, Fax: 847-491-7820, . Gökhan M. Mutlu, MD, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E. Huron Street, McGaw M300, Chicago, IL 60611, Phone: 312-908-8163, Fax: 312-908-4650,
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84
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Herold S, Mayer K, Lohmeyer J. Acute lung injury: how macrophages orchestrate resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Front Immunol 2011; 2:65. [PMID: 22566854 PMCID: PMC3342347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung macrophages are long living cells with broad differentiation potential, which reside in the lung interstitium and alveoli or are organ-recruited upon inflammatory stimuli. A role of resident and recruited macrophages in initiating and maintaining pulmonary inflammation in lung infection or injury has been convincingly demonstrated. More recent reports suggest that lung macrophages are main orchestrators of termination and resolution of inflammation. They are also initiators of parenchymal repair processes that are essential for return to homeostasis with normal gas exchange. In this review we will discuss cellular cross-talk mechanisms and molecular pathways of macrophage plasticity which define their role in inflammation resolution and in initiation of lung barrier repair following lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen Lung Center Giessen, Germany.
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85
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Hekimi S, Lapointe J, Wen Y. Taking a "good" look at free radicals in the aging process. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 21:569-76. [PMID: 21824781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA) proposes that aging is caused by damage to macromolecules by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is based on the observed association of the rate of aging and the aged phenotype with the generation of ROS and oxidative damage. However, recent findings, in particular in Caenorhabditis elegans but also in rodents, suggest that ROS generation is not the primary or initial cause of aging. Here, we propose that ROS are tightly associated with aging because they play a role in mediating a stress response to age-dependent damage. This could generate the observed correlation between aging and ROS without implying that ROS damage is the earliest trigger or main cause of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada H3A 1B1.
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86
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Vadász I, Sznajder JI. Update in acute lung injury and critical care 2010. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1147-52. [PMID: 21531954 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201102-0327up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 36, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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87
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Couroucli XI, Liang YHW, Jiang W, Wang L, Barrios R, Yang P, Moorthy B. Prenatal administration of the cytochrome P4501A inducer, Β-naphthoflavone (BNF), attenuates hyperoxic lung injury in newborn mice: implications for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:83-94. [PMID: 21745492 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal treatment of pregnant mice (C57BL/6J) with the cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 inducer, ß-napthoflavone (BNF), will lead to attenuation of lung injury in newborns (delivered from these dams) exposed to hyperoxia by mechanisms entailing transplacental induction of hepatic and pulmonary CYP1A enzymes. Pregnant mice were administered the vehicle corn oil (CO) or BNF (40 mg/kg), i.p., once daily for 3 days on gestational days (17-19), and newborns delivered from the mothers were either maintained in room air or exposed to hyperoxia (>95% O(2)) for 1-5 days. After 3-5 days of hyperoxia, the lungs of CO-treated mice showed neutrophil infiltration, pulmonary edema, and perivascular inflammation. On the other hand, BNF-pretreated neonatal mice showed decreased susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury. These mice displayed marked induction of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) (CYP1A1) and methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD) (CYP1A2) activities, and levels of the corresponding apoproteins and mRNA levels until PND 3 in liver, while CYP1A1 expression alone was augmented in the lung. Prenatal BNF did not significantly alter gene expression of pulmonary NAD(P)H quinone reductase (NQO1). Hyperoxia for 24-72 h resulted in increased pulmonary levels of the F(2)-isoprostane 8-iso-PGF(2α), whose levels were decreased in mice prenatally exposed to BNF. In conclusion, our results suggest that prenatal BNF protects newborns against hyperoxic lung injury, presumably by detoxification of lipid hydroperoxides by CYP1A enzymes, a phenomenon that has implications for prevention of BPD in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthi I Couroucli
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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88
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Tuder RM, Hunt JM, Schmidt EP. Hyperoxia and apoptosis. Too much of a good thing? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:964-5. [PMID: 21498818 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201010-1756ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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89
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Jiang W, Couroucli XI, Wang L, Barrios R, Moorthy B. Augmented oxygen-mediated transcriptional activation of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A expression and increased susceptibilities to hyperoxic lung injury in transgenic mice carrying the human CYP1A1 or mouse 1A2 promoter in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:79-85. [PMID: 21362406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen administration is frequently administered to pre-term and term infants having pulmonary insufficiency. However, hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)A enzymes have been implicated in hyperoxic lung injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hyperoxia induces CYP1A1 and 1A2 enzymes by transcriptional activation of the corresponding promoters in vivo, and transgenic mice expressing the human CYP1A1 or the mouse 1A2 promoter would be more susceptible to hyperoxic lung injury than wild type (WT) mice. Adult WT (CD-1) (12week-old) mice, transgenic mice carrying a 10kb human CYP1A1 promoter and the luciferase (luc) reporter gene (CYP1A1-luc), or mice expressing the mouse CYP1A2 promoter (CYP1A2-luc) were maintained in room air or exposed to hyperoxia for 24-72h. Hyperoxia exposure of CYP1A1-luc mice for 24 and 48h resulted in 2.5- and 1.25-fold increases, respectively, in signal intensities, compared to room air controls. By 72h, the induction had declined to control levels. CYP1A2-luc mice also showed enhanced luc expression after 24-48h, albeit to a lesser extent than those expressing the CYP1A1 promoter. Also, these mice showed decreased levels of endogenous CYP1A1 and 1A2 expression after prolonged hyperoxia, and were also more susceptible to lung injury than similarly exposed WT mice, with CYP1A2-luc mice showing the greatest injury. Our results support the hypothesis that hyperoxia induces CYP1A enzymes by transcriptional activation of its corresponding promoters, and that decreased endogenous expression of these enzymes contribute to the increased susceptibilities to hyperoxic lung injury in the transgenic animals. In summary, this is the first report providing direct evidence of hyperoxia-mediated induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression in vivo by mechanisms entailing transcriptional activation of the corresponding promoters, a phenomenon that has implications for hyperoxic lung injury, as well as other pathologies caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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