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Powers JC, Sabri A, Al-Bataineh D, Chotalia D, Guo X, Tsipenyuk F, Berretta R, Kavitha P, Gopi H, Houser SR, Khan M, Tsai EJ, Recchia FA. Differential microRNA-21 and microRNA-221 Upregulation in the Biventricular Failing Heart Reveals Distinct Stress Responses of Right Versus Left Ventricular Fibroblasts. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006426. [PMID: 31916447 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failing right ventricle (RV) does not respond like the left ventricle (LV) to guideline-directed medical therapy of heart failure, perhaps due to interventricular differences in their molecular pathophysiology. METHODS Using the canine tachypacing-induced biventricular heart failure (HF) model, we tested the hypothesis that interventricular differences in microRNAs (miRs) expression distinguish failing RV from failing LV. RESULTS Severe RV dysfunction was indicated by elevated end-diastolic pressure (11.3±2.5 versus 5.7±2.0 mm Hg; P<0.0001) and diminished fractional area change (24.9±7.1 versus 48.0±3.6%; P<0.0001) relative to prepacing baselines. Microarray analysis of ventricular tissue revealed that miR-21 and miR-221, 2 activators of profibrotic and proliferative processes, increased the most, at 4- and 2-fold, respectively, in RV-HF versus RV-Control. Neither miR-21 or miR-221 was statistically significantly different in LV-HF versus LV-Control. These changes were accompanied by more extensive fibrosis in RV-HF than LV-HF. To test whether miR-21 and miR-221 upregulation is specific to RV cellular response to mechanical and hormonal stimuli associated with HF, we subjected fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes isolated from normal canine RV and LV to cyclic overstretch and aldosterone. These 2 stressors markedly upregulated miR-21 and miR-221 in RV fibroblasts but not in LV fibroblasts nor cardiomyocytes of either ventricle. Furthermore, miR-21/221 knockdown significantly attenuated RV but not LV fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel, biological difference between RV and LV fibroblasts that might underlie distinctions in pathological remodeling of the RV in biventricular HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery C Powers
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abdelkarim Sabri
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dalia Al-Bataineh
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dhruv Chotalia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xinji Guo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Florence Tsipenyuk
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Remus Berretta
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Pavithra Kavitha
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Heramba Gopi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven R Houser
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mohsin Khan
- the Center for Translational Medicine (M.K.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily J Tsai
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (E.J.T.)
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C.P, A.S., D.A.-B., D.C., X.G., F.T., R.B., P.K., H.G., S.R.H., F.A.R.), Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; and Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy (F.A.R.)
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52
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Heydari E, Alishahi M, Ghaedrahmati F, Winlow W, Khoshnam SE, Anbiyaiee A. The role of non-coding RNAs in neuroprotection and angiogenesis following ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:31-43. [PMID: 31446548 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and physical disability worldwide. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are endogenous molecules that play key roles in the pathophysiology and retrieval processes following ischemic stroke. The potential of ncRNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in neuroprotection and angiogenesis highlights their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we document the miRNAs and lncRNAs that have been reported to exert regulatory actions in neuroprotective and angiogenic processes through different mechanisms involving their interaction with target coding genes. We believe that exploration of the expression profiles and the possible functions of ncRNAs during the recovery processes will help comprehension of the molecular mechanisms responsible for neuroprotection and angiogenesis, and may also contribute to find biomarkers and targets for future stroke intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Heydari
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Alishahi
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Immunology Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - William Winlow
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
- Honorary Research Fellow, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool, The APEX building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 6135715794, Iran.
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, 61357-15794, Iran.
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53
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Ooi JYY, Bernardo BC. Translational Potential of Non-coding RNAs for Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:343-354. [PMID: 32285423 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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54
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Yu Y, Sun J, Wang R, Liu J, Wang P, Wang C. Curcumin Management of Myocardial Fibrosis and its Mechanisms of Action: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1675-1710. [PMID: 31786946 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is implicated as a leading risk factor for heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death after cardiac injury, as the excessive interstitial extracellular matrix impedes heart contraction and electrical conduction. Complicated mechanisms involving oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokine families, NLRP3 inflammasomes, growth factors, and non-coding RNAs participate in cardiac fibrogenesis and make it difficult to designate specific and effective therapies. Oriental herbs have been popular for thousands of years in the health care of Asian residents, due to their multi-targeted, multi-faceted approaches and their multi-functional effects in fighting difficult and complicated diseases, including cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial fibrosis. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol and yellow pigment obtained from the spice turmeric, was found to have strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Increasing evidence has shown that curcumin can be used to prevent and treat myocardial fibrosis, when the myocardium suffers pathological pro-fibrotic changes in vivo and in vitro. The present review focuses on recent studies elucidating the mechanisms of curcumin in treating different pathologic conditions, including ischemia, hypoxia/reoxygenation, pressure or volume overload, and hyperglycemia or high-fat-induced cardiac fibrosis. Novel analogs such as C66, B2BrBC, Y20, and J17 have been designed to maximize the therapeutic potentials of curcumin. These optimized curcumin analogs with improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles need to be clinically verified before curcumin could be recommended for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Peili Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
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55
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Ibrahim AA, Soliman HM, El-Lebedy D, Hassan M, Helmy NA, Abdel Hamid TA, Abdelhamid N. Expression of exosomal miR-21 and miR-29 in serum of children and adolescents with T1DM and persistent microalbuminuria. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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56
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Qiao L, Hu S, Liu S, Zhang H, Ma H, Huang K, Li Z, Su T, Vandergriff A, Tang J, Allen T, Dinh PU, Cores J, Yin Q, Li Y, Cheng K. microRNA-21-5p dysregulation in exosomes derived from heart failure patients impairs regenerative potential. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2237-2250. [PMID: 31033484 DOI: 10.1172/jci123135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, as functional paracrine units of therapeutic cells, can partially reproduce the reparative properties of their parental cells. The constitution of exosomes, as well as their biological activity, largely depends on the cells that secrete them. We isolated exosomes from explant-derived cardiac stromal cells from patients with heart failure (FEXO) or from normal donor hearts (NEXO) and compared their regenerative activities in vitro and in vivo. Patients in the FEXO group exhibited an impaired ability to promote endothelial tube formation and cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro. Intramyocardial injection of NEXO resulted in structural and functional improvements in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction. In contrast, FEXO therapy exacerbated cardiac function and left ventricular remodeling. microRNA array and PCR analysis revealed dysregulation of miR-21-5p in FEXO. Restoring miR-21-5p expression rescued FEXO's reparative function, whereas blunting miR-21-5p expression in NEXO diminished its therapeutic benefits. Further mechanistic studies revealed that miR-21-5p augmented Akt kinase activity through the inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homolog. Taken together, the heart failure pathological condition altered the miR cargos of cardiac-derived exosomes and impaired their regenerative activities. miR-21-5p contributes to exosome-mediated heart repair by enhancing angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte survival through the phosphatase and tensin homolog/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Teng Su
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam Vandergriff
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tyler Allen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phuong-Uyen Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jhon Cores
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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57
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YANG K, HU X. [Research progress on miR-21 in heart diseases]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:214-218. [PMID: 31309761 PMCID: PMC8800808 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.04.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathological processes such as myocardial apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac electrical remodeling are involved in the development and progression of most cardiac diseases. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been found to play an important role in heart diseases as a novel type of endogenous regulators, which can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improve hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, promote myocardial fibrosis and atrial electrical remodeling. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the function of miR-21 in heart diseases and its mechanism, and discuss its potential application in diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaosheng HU
- 胡晓晟(1970-), 女, 博士, 主任医师, 硕士生导师, 主要从事心脏起搏与心电生理学研究, E-mail:
,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-7068
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58
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Song Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Jiao Z, Dong N, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang L. Localized injection of miRNA-21-enriched extracellular vesicles effectively restores cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2346-2360. [PMID: 31149048 PMCID: PMC6531307 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a main cause of heart failure, leads to irreversible cardiomyocytes loss and cardiac function impairment. Current clinical treatments for MI are largely ineffective as they mostly aim to alleviate symptoms rather than repairing the injured myocardium. Thus, development of more effective therapies is compelling. This study aims to investigate whether the extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying specific anti-apoptotic miRNA can be efficiently internalized into myocardium to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. Methods: EVs were isolated from HEK293T cells overexpressing miRNA-21 (miR21-EVs) and identified. The RNase resistant rate of miR21-EVs was calculated by real-time PCR and compared with liposomes and polyethylenimine (PEI). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for visualizing the cellular internalization of miR21-EVs in primary cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMs), H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The effect of miR21-EVs on the expression of PDCD4, a pro-apoptotic protein that plays an important role in regulating myocardial apoptosis, was also evaluated in these three cell types by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. In vivo, miR21-EVs was directly injected into the infarct zone following ligation of the left anterior descending of coronary artery in mice. The miR21-EVs distribution and blood vessel (capillary and arteriole) density were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of miRNA-21 was also carried out to confirm the miR21-EVs distribution in vitro and in vivo. The protein level of PDCD4 in myocardium was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The anti-apoptotic effect of miR21-EVs in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells were measured using TUNEL staining. Four weeks after injection, the cardiac histological and functional recovery was evaluated by histochemistry staining and echocardiography, respectively. Results: In contrast to liposomes and PEI, EVs significantly inhibited miRNA-21 degradation. MiR21-EVs efficiently delivered miRNA-21 into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells within 4 hours. Exogenous miRNA-21 in turn significantly reduced PDCD4 expression and attenuated cell apoptosis in vitro. Consistently and importantly, in a preclinical MI animal model, miRNA-21-loaded EVs effectively sent miRNA-21 into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, drastically inhibited cell apoptosis and led to significant cardiac function improvement. Conclusion: Our results suggest the cell-derived, genetically engineered EVs may be used therapeutically for the delivery of miRNAs for the rescue of MI and may benefit patients in the future.
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Role of Noncoding RNA in Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8690592. [PMID: 30931332 PMCID: PMC6413411 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8690592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in prevalence globally, but little is known about its specific molecular mechanisms. During the past decade, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been linked to NAFLD initiation and progression. They are a class of RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression despite not encoding proteins. This review summarizes recent research on the relationship between ncRNAs and NAFLD. We discussed the potential applicability of ncRNAs as a biomarker for early NAFLD diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. With further study, ncRNAs should prove to be valuable new targets for NAFLD treatment and benefit the development of noninvasive diagnostic methods.
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60
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Kan C, Cao J, Hou J, Jing X, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Guo Y, Chen X. Correlation of miR-21 and BNP with pregnancy-induced hypertension complicated with heart failure and the diagnostic value. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3129-3135. [PMID: 30936985 PMCID: PMC6434261 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlation of miR-21 and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) complicated with heart failure and the diagnostic value was investigated. Sixty patients with PIH complicated with heart failure admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from July 2016 to July 2017 were enrolled as the experimental group, and 35 normal pregnant women as the control group. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method was used to determine the expression level of plasma miR-21 expression level. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine plasma BNP expression level. Spearmans correlation analysis was used for the correlation analysis of miR-21 and BNP. ROC curve was used for evaluating the diagnostic values of miR-21 and BNP for PIH complicated with heart failure. miR-21 and BNP expression levels were higher in patients with PIH complicated with heart failure than those in the normal individuals, and were increased in line with the heart failure grade (P<0.001). The plasma miR-21 expression was positively correlated with BNP in patients with PIH complicated with heart failure (r=0.685, P<0.001). Both miR-21 and BNP had higher diagnostic values for PIH complicated with heart failure, in the diagnosis, the best cut-off value [odds ratio (OR)] of miR-21 was 1.113, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.889 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 82.05-95.76%; the OR of BNP was 123, with an AUC of 0.747 and a 95% CI of 64.95-84.38%. Blood pressure, six-minute walk test (6MWT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PIH complicated with heart failure (P<0.05). In conclusion, miR-21 and BNP, highly expressed in patients with PIH complicated with heart failure, are expected to become important biomarkers for diagnosing PIH complicated with heart failure and judging the degree of heart failure in the patients, and worthy of clinical popularization and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Kan
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Jing
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanju Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Jinhuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yanwei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Yanan Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
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Nasci VL, Chuppa S, Griswold L, Goodreau KA, Dash RK, Kriegel AJ. miR-21-5p regulates mitochondrial respiration and lipid content in H9C2 cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H710-H721. [PMID: 30657727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00538.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular-related pathologies are the single leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we found that a 5/6th nephrectomy model of CKD leads to an upregulation of miR-21-5p in the left ventricle, targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and altering the expression of numerous transcripts involved with fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. In the present study, we evaluated the potential for knockdown or overexpression of miR-21-5p to regulate lipid content, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial respiration in H9C2 cells. Cells were transfected with anti-miR-21-5p (40 nM), pre-miR-21-5p (20 nM), or the appropriate scrambled oligonucleotide controls before lipid treatment in culture or as part of the Agilent Seahorse XF fatty acid oxidation assay. Overexpression of miR-21-5p attenuated the lipid-induced increase in cellular lipid content, whereas suppression of miR-21-5p augmented it. The abundance of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, was significantly increased with lipid treatment in control cells but attenuated in pre-miR-21-5p-transfected cells. This suggests that miR-21-5p reduces oxidative stress. The cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was increased in both pre-miR-21-5p- and anti-miR-21-5p-transfected cells. Levels of intracellular ATP were significantly higher in anti-mR-21-5p-transfected cells. Pre-miR-21-5p blocked additional increases in OCR in response to etomoxir and palmitic acid. Conversely, anti-miR-21-5p-transfected cells exhibited reduced OCR with both etomoxir and palmitic acid, and the glycolytic capacity was concomitantly reduced. Together, these results indicate that overexpression of miR-21-5p attenuates both lipid content and lipid peroxidation in H9C2 cells. This likely occurs by reducing cellular lipid uptake and utilization, shifting cellular metabolism toward reliance on the glycolytic pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Both overexpression and suppression of miR-21-5p augment basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration. Our data suggest that reliance on glycolytic and fatty acid oxidation pathways can be modulated by the abundance of miR-21-5p within the cell. miR-21-5p regulation of mitochondrial respiration can be modulated by extracellular lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Nasci
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra Chuppa
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lindsey Griswold
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kathryn A Goodreau
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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62
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Huang YM, Li WW, Wu J, Han M, Li BH. The diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs in heart failure. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:1985-2003. [PMID: 30783473 PMCID: PMC6364251 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome, characterized by inadequate blood perfusion of tissues and organs caused by decreased heart ejection capacity resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders. HF is the most severe heart condition and it severely compromises human health; thus, its early diagnosis and effective management are crucial. However, given the lack of satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of the currently available biomarkers, the majority of patients with HF are not diagnosed early and do not receive timely treatment. A number of studies have demonstrated that peripheral blood circulating nucleic acids [such as microRNAs (miRs), mRNA and DNA] are important for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response in HF. miRs have been attracting increasing attention as promising biomarkers, given their presence in body fluids and relative structural stability under diverse conditions of sampling. The aim of the present review was to analyze the associations between the mechanisms underlying the development of HF and the expression of miRs, and discuss the value of using circulating miRs as diagnostic biomarkers in HF management. In particular, miR-155, miR-22 and miR-133 appear to be promising for the diagnosis, prognosis and management of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Meng Huang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Mei Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Hui Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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63
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Liu M, Liu Q, Pei Y, Gong M, Cui X, Pan J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yuan X, Zhou H, Chen Y, Sun J, Wang L, Zhang X, Wang R, Li S, Cheng J, Ding Y, Ma T, Yuan Y. Aqp-1
Gene Knockout Attenuates Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension of Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:48-62. [PMID: 30580569 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is characterized by proliferative vascular remodeling. Abnormal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation and endothelial dysfunction are the primary cellular bases of vascular remodeling. AQP1 (aquaporin-1) is regulated by oxygen level and has been observed to play a role in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The role of AQP1 in HPH pathogenesis has not been directly determined to date. To determine the possible roles of AQP1 in the pathogenesis of HPH and explore its possible mechanisms.
Approach and Results—
Aqp1
knockout mice were used, and HPH model was established in this study. Primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, primary mouse lung endothelial cells, and lung tissue sections from HPH model were used. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration analysis were performed in this study. AQP1 expression was upregulated by chronic hypoxia exposure, both in pulmonary artery endothelia and medial smooth muscle layer of mice.
Aqp1
deficiency attenuated the elevation of right ventricular systolic pressures and mitigated pulmonary vascular structure remodeling. AQP1 deletion reduced abnormal cell proliferation in pulmonary artery and accompanied with accumulation of HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor). In vitro,
Aqp1
deletion reduced hypoxia-induced proliferation, apoptosis resistance, and migration ability of primary cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and repressed HIF-1α protein stability. Furthermore,
Aqp1
deficiency protected lung endothelial cells from apoptosis in response to hypoxic injury.
Conclusions—
Our data showed that
Aqp1
deficiency could attenuate hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling in the development of HPH. AQP1 may be a potential target for pulmonary hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Liu
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Qiwang Liu
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Yandong Pei
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Miaomiao Gong
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China (X.C., S.L., T.M.)
| | - Jinjin Pan
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China (Y.Z., Yang Liu, Ying Liu)
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China (Y.Z., Yang Liu, Ying Liu)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China (Y.Z., Yang Liu, Ying Liu)
| | - Xiaocheng Yuan
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Haoran Zhou
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Yiying Chen
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Jian Sun
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Lin Wang
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Xiya Zhang
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Rui Wang
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Shao Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, China (X.C., S.L., T.M.)
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (J.C.)
| | - Yanchun Ding
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China (Y.Z., Yang Liu, Ying Liu)
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- From the The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, China (M.L., Q.L., Y.P., M.G., J.P., X.Y., H.Z., Y.C., J.S., L.W., X.Z., R.W., Y.D., Y.Y.)
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64
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Syed M, Ball JP, Mathis KW, Hall ME, Ryan MJ, Rothenberg ME, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. MicroRNA-21 ablation exacerbates aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury, remodeling, and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1154-E1167. [PMID: 30153065 PMCID: PMC6336952 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism is characterized by excess aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland independent of the renin-angiotensin system and accounts for ~10% of hypertensive patients. Excess aldosterone causes cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and hypertension. The molecular mechanisms that trigger the onset and progression of aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury remain incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that have been implicated in multiple cardiac pathologies; however, their regulation and role in aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury and dysfunction remains mostly unknown. We previously reported that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is the most upregulated miRNA by excess aldosterone in the left ventricle in a rat experimental model of primary aldosteronism. To elucidate the role of miR-21 in aldosterone-mediated cardiac injury and dysfunction, miR-21 knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were treated with aldosterone infusion and salt in the drinking water for 2 or 8 wk. miR-21 genetic ablation exacerbated aldosterone/salt-mediated cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. Furthermore, miR-21 genetic ablation increased the cardiac expression of fibrosis and inflammation markers and fetal gene program. miR-21 genetic ablation increased aldosterone/salt-mediated cardiac dysfunction but did not affect aldosterone/salt-mediated hypertension. miR-21 target gene Sprouty 2 may be implicated in the cardiac effects of miR-21 genetic ablation. Our study shows that miR-21 genetic ablation exacerbates aldosterone/salt-mediated cardiac hypertrophy, injury, and dysfunction blood pressure independently. These results suggest that miR-21 plays a protective role in the cardiac pathology triggered by excess aldosterone. Furthermore, miR-21 supplementation may be a novel therapeutic approach to abolish or mitigate excess aldosterone-mediated cardiovascular deleterious effects in primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Syed
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jana P Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Keisa W Mathis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Licy L Yanes Cardozo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Cardio Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
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65
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Role of microRNA in severe asthma. Respir Investig 2018; 57:9-19. [PMID: 30455067 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The various roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the epigenetic regulation of human disease are gaining importance as areas of research, and a better understanding of these roles may identify targets for development of novel therapies for severe asthma. MiRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that serve as post-transcriptional gene repressors, are recognized as critical components in regulating tissue homeostasis. Alteration in miRNA expression disrupts homeostasis and is an underlying mechanism for development of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Differential profiles of miRNA expression are involved in inflammation and remodeling pathogenicity via activating airway structural cells and immune cells and inducing cytokine releases. miRNA action leads to asthma progression from mild to severe stages. Here, current knowledge of the heterogeneous roles of miRNAs in severe asthma, including biological mechanisms underlying Th2 and macrophage polarization, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) biology regulation, steroid-resistant asthma phenotype, airway smooth muscle (ASM) dysfunction, and impaired anti-viral innate immune, are reviewed.
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66
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Duygu B, Juni R, Ottaviani L, Bitsch N, Wit JBM, de Windt LJ, da Costa Martins PA. Comparison of different chemically modified inhibitors of miR-199b in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 159:106-115. [PMID: 30452907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently received great attention for their regulatory roles in diverse cellular processes and for their contribution to several human pathologies. Modulation of miRNAs in vivo provides beneficial therapeutic strategies for the treatment of many diseases, as evidenced by various preclinical studies. However, specific issues regarding the in vivo use of miRNA inhibitors (antimiRs) such as organ-specific delivery, optimal dosing and formulation of the best chemistry to obtain efficient miRNA inhibition remain to be addressed. Here, we aimed at comparing the in vivo efficacy of different chemistry-based antimiR oligonucleotides to inhibit cardiac expression of miR-199b, a highly promising therapeutic target for the treatment of pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. For this purpose, four different designs of oligonucleotides to inhibit miR-199b were initially developed. Systemic administration to wildtype mice on three consecutive days was followed by organ harvesting, seven days after the first injection, in order to quantify the dose-dependent changes in miR-199b expression levels. When comparing the efficiency of each inhibitor at the highest applied dose we observed that the antagomir was the only inhibitor inducing complete inhibition of miR-199b in the heart. LNA reduced expression in the heart by 50 percent while the Zen-AMO and F/MOE chemistries failed to repress miR-199b expression in the heart at any given dose, in vivo. Further optimization was achieved by subjecting the antagomir and LNA nucleotides to additional chemical modifications. Interestingly, antagomir modification by replacing the cholesterol moiety from the 3' to the 5' end of the molecule significantly improved the inhibitory capacity, as reflected by a 75 percent downregulation of miR-199b expression already at a concentration of 5 mg/kg/day. Similar results could be obtained with a LNA-RNA molecule but upon administration of 80 mg/kg/day. These findings show that, from all the chemistries tested by us, an antagomir carrying the cholesterol group at the 5' end was the most efficient inhibitor of miR-199b in the heart, in vivo. Moreover, our data also emphasize the importance of chemistry optimization and best dose range finding to achieve the greatest efficacy in miRNA inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Duygu
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rio Juni
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Bitsch
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B M Wit
- Mirabilis Therapeutics BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J de Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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67
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Kunze-Schumacher H, Winter SJ, Imelmann E, Krueger A. miRNA miR-21 Is Largely Dispensable for Intrathymic T-Cell Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2497. [PMID: 30455689 PMCID: PMC6230590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of T cells in the thymus is tightly controlled to continually produce functional, but not autoreactive, T cells. miRNAs provide a layer of post-transcriptional gene regulation to this process, but the role of many individual miRNAs in T-cell development remains unclear. miR-21 is prominently expressed in immature thymocytes followed by a steep decline in more mature cells. We hypothesized that such a dynamic expression was indicative of a regulatory function in intrathymic T-cell development. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed T-cell development in miR-21-deficient mice at steady state and under competitive conditions in mixed bone-marrow chimeras. We complemented analysis of knock-out animals by employing over-expression in vivo. Finally, we assessed miR-21 function in negative selection in vivo as well as differentiation in co-cultures. Together, these experiments revealed that miR-21 is largely dispensable for physiologic T-cell development. Given that miR-21 has been implicated in regulation of cellular stress responses, we assessed a potential role of miR-21 in endogenous regeneration of the thymus after sublethal irradiation. Again, miR-21 was completely dispensable in this process. We concluded that, despite prominent and highly dynamic expression in thymocytes, miR-21 expression was not required for physiologic T-cell development or endogenous regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha J Winter
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Esther Imelmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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68
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Barwari T, Eminaga S, Mayr U, Lu R, Armstrong PC, Chan MV, Sahraei M, Fernández-Fuertes M, Moreau T, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Lynch M, Yin X, Schulte C, Baig F, Pechlaner R, Langley SR, Zampetaki A, Santer P, Weger M, Plasenzotti R, Schosserer M, Grillari J, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Shah AM, Ghevaert C, Warner TD, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y, Mayr M. Inhibition of profibrotic microRNA-21 affects platelets and their releasate. JCI Insight 2018; 3:123335. [PMID: 30385722 PMCID: PMC6238735 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major contributor to organ disease for which no specific therapy is available. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been implicated in the fibrogenetic response, and inhibitors of miR-21 are currently undergoing clinical trials. Here, we explore how miR-21 inhibition may attenuate fibrosis using a proteomics approach. Transfection of miR-21 mimic or inhibitor in murine cardiac fibroblasts revealed limited effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein secretion. Similarly, miR-21–null mouse hearts showed an unaltered ECM composition. Thus, we searched for additional explanations as to how miR-21 might regulate fibrosis. In plasma samples from the community-based Bruneck Study, we found a marked correlation of miR-21 levels with several platelet-derived profibrotic factors, including TGF-β1. Pharmacological miR-21 inhibition with an antagomiR reduced the platelet release of TGF-β1 in mice. Mechanistically, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, a negative regulator of platelet TGF-β1 secretion, was identified as a direct target of miR-21. miR-21–null mice had lower platelet and leukocyte counts compared with littermate controls but higher megakaryocyte numbers in the bone marrow. Thus, to our knowledge this study reports a previously unrecognized effect of miR-21 inhibition on platelets. The effect of antagomiR-21 treatment on platelet TGF-β1 release, in particular, may contribute to the antifibrotic effects of miR-21 inhibitors. MicroRNA-21 inhibition may convey its therapeutic benefits in fibrosis through its action in bone marrow cells rather than targeting fibroblasts directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temo Barwari
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Eminaga
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruifang Lu
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa V Chan
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahnaz Sahraei
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marta Fernández-Fuertes
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas Moreau
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, National Health Blood Service Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marc Lynch
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Schulte
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Weger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Bruneck, Italy
| | - Roberto Plasenzotti
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, National Health Blood Service Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Warner
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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69
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Marzulli M, Mazzacurati L, Zhang M, Goins WF, Hatley ME, Glorioso JC, Cohen JB. A Novel Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Design based on the Common Overexpression of microRNA-21 in Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3. [PMID: 30465046 PMCID: PMC6241327 DOI: 10.13188/2381-3326.1000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Recognition sequences for microRNAs (miRs) that are down-regulated in tumor cells have recently been used to render lytic viruses tumor-specific. Since different tumor types down-regulate different miRs, this strategy requires virus customization to the target tumor. We have explored a feature that is shared by many tumor types, the up-regulation of miR-21, as a means to generate an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) that is applicable to a broad range of cancers. Methods We assembled an expression construct for a dominant-negative (dn) form of the essential HSV replication factor UL9 and inserted tandem copies of the miR-21 recognition sequence (T21) in the 3' untranslated region. Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) recombineering was used to introduce the dnUL9 construct with or without T21 into the HSV genome. Virus was produced by transfection and replication was assessed in different tumor and control cell lines. Results Virus production was conditional on the presence of the T21 sequence. The dnUL9-T21 virus replicated efficiently in tumor cell lines, less efficiently in cells that contained reduced miR-21 activity, and not at all in the absence of miR-21. Conclusion miR-21-sensitive expression of a dominant-negative inhibitor of HSV replication allows preferential destruction of tumor cells in vitro. This observation provides a basis for further development of a widely applicable oncolytic HSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marzulli
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - L Mazzacurati
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - W F Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - M E Hatley
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, USA
| | - J C Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
| | - J B Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh
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Guerrero Orriach JL, Escalona Belmonte JJ, Ramirez Aliaga M, Ramirez Fernandez A, Raigón Ponferrada A, Rubio Navarro M, Cruz Mañas J. Anesthetic-induced Myocardial Conditioning: Molecular Fundamentals and Scope. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:2147-2160. [PMID: 30259804 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180926161427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre- and post-conditioning effects of halogenated anesthetics make them most suitable for cardiac surgery. Several studies have demonstrated that the mechanism of drug-induced myocardial conditioning is enzyme-mediated via messenger RNA and miRNA regulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the role that miRNAs play in the cardioprotective effect of halogenated anesthetics. For such purpose, we reviewed the literature to determine the expression profile of miRNAs in ischemic conditioning and in the complications prevented by these phenomena. METHODS A review was conducted of more than 100 studies to identify miRNAs involved in anesthetic-induced myocardial conditioning. Our objective was to determine the miRNAs that play a relevant role in ischemic disease, heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, which expression is modulated by the perioperative administration of halogenated anesthetics. So far, no studies have been performed to assess the role of miRNAs in anesthetic-induced myocardial conditioning. The potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and miRNAs-based therapies involving the synthesis, inhibition or stimulation of miRNAs are a promising avenue for future research in the field of cardiology. RESULTS Each of the cardioprotective effects of myocardial conditioning is related to the expression of several (not a single) miRNAs. The cumulative evidence on the role of miRNAs in heart disease and myocardial conditioning opens new therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities. CONCLUSION Halogenated anesthetics regulate the expression of miRNAs involved in heart conditions. Further research is needed to determine the expression profile of miRNAs after the administration of halogenated drugs. The results of these studies would contribute to the development of new hypnotics for cardiac surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Guerrero Orriach
- Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga [IBIMA], Malaga, Spain.,Department of Cardio- Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Marta Ramirez Aliaga
- Department of Cardio- Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Aida Raigón Ponferrada
- Department of Cardio- Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Rubio Navarro
- Department of Cardio- Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Cruz Mañas
- Department of Cardio- Anaesthesiology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Malaga, Spain
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71
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Li Z, Wiernek S, Patterson C, Wang H, Qi G, Dai X. MicroRNA-21 mediates high phosphate-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C830-C838. [PMID: 30257106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00198.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia, the elevated level of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in serum, is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidities and mortality. The effects of high Pi on endothelial cells are not well studied. This study investigated high Pi-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and the role of microRNA-21. Mouse myocardial endothelial cells (MEC) were cultured in normal (1 mM) and high (5 mM) Pi conditions. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. MicroRNA profiles of MEC response to changes in Pi concentration were obtained using gene expression arrays. Expression levels of the microRNA-21 target genes, programmed cell death gene 4 ( PDCD4), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase ( PARP), and phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN), as well as NF-κB were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR. MicroRNA-21-specific inhibitors and mimics were used to study effects of microRNA-21 on MEC apoptosis and gene expression regulations. High Pi induced MEC apoptosis and upregulated microRNA-21 expression. MicroRNA-21-specific mimics reproduced high Pi-induced apoptosis in normal Pi medium, and microRNA-21 inhibitors ameliorated the high Pi induction of apoptosis, suggesting that microRNA-21 mediated high Pi-induced MEC apoptosis. The microRNA-21 targets PDCD4, PTEN, PARP, and NF-κB were significantly downregulated in high Pi conditions. High Pi-induced downregulation of PDCD4 was abolished by microRNA-21 inhibitors and selective ERK inhibitor (selumetinib) and was reproduced by microRNA-21 mimics. Inhibitors and mimics of microRNA-21 did not have effects on high Pi-induced NF-κB downregulation. Selumetinib blocked high Pi-induced NF-κB downregulation. MicroRNA-21 mediates high Pi-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, which involves an ERK1/2/microRNA-21/PDCD4 pathway. High Pi-induced downregulation of NF-κB expression is mediated by an ERK1/2 signaling-dependent but microRNA-21-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Li
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Szymon Wiernek
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cam Patterson
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Huanchen Wang
- Inositol Signaling Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Guoxian Qi
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
| | - Xuming Dai
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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72
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Zhao G. Significance of non-coding circular RNAs and micro RNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. J Med Genet 2018; 55:713-720. [PMID: 30177556 PMCID: PMC6252363 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction are the most prominent cardiovascular diseases contributing significantly to death worldwide. In the majority of situations, except for surgical interventions and transplantation, there are no reliable therapeutic approaches available to address these health problem. Despite several advances that led to the development of biomarkers and therapies based on the renin–angiotensin system, adrenergic pathways, etc, more definitive and consistent biomarkers and specific target based molecular therapies are still being sought. Recent advances in the field of genomic research has helped in identifying non-coding RNAs, including circular RNAs, piRNAs, micro RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression and function and have direct impact on pathophysiological mechanisms. This new knowledge is currently being explored with much hope for the development of novel treatments and biomarkers. Circular RNAs and micro RNAs have been described in myocardium and aortic valves and were shown to be involved in the regulation of pathophysiological processes that potentially contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Approximately 32 000 human exonic circular RNAs have been catalogued and their functions are still being ascertained. In the heart, circular RNAs were shown to bind micro RNAs in a specific manner and regulate the expression of transcription factors and stress response genes, and expression of these non-coding RNAs were found to change in conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiac remodelling, reflecting their significance as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we address the present state of understanding on the biogenesis, regulation and pathophysiological roles of micro and circular RNAs in cardiovascular diseases, and on the potential future perspectives on their use as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Zhao
- The Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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73
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Emerging Role of mTOR Signaling-Related miRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6141902. [PMID: 30305865 PMCID: PMC6165581 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6141902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an atypical serine/threonine kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase- (PI3K-) related kinase family, elicits a vital role in diverse cellular processes, including cellular growth, proliferation, survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and metabolism. In the cardiovascular system, the mTOR signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of both physiological and pathological processes. MicroRNAs (miRs), a class of short noncoding RNA, are an emerging intricate posttranscriptional modulator of critical gene expression for the development and maintenance of homeostasis across a wide array of tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Over the last decade, numerous studies have revealed an interplay between miRNAs and the mTOR signaling circuit in the different cardiovascular pathophysiology, like myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, heart failure, arrhythmia, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive state of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of interactions between the mTOR signaling pathway and miRs. We have also highlighted the latest advances on mTOR-targeted therapy in clinical trials and the new perspective therapeutic strategies with mTOR-targeting miRs in cardiovascular diseases.
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74
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Frangogiannis NG. Cardiac fibrosis: Cell biological mechanisms, molecular pathways and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:70-99. [PMID: 30056242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases, and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse outcome. Because the adult mammalian heart has negligible regenerative capacity, death of a large number of cardiomyocytes results in reparative fibrosis, a process that is critical for preservation of the structural integrity of the infarcted ventricle. On the other hand, pathophysiologic stimuli, such as pressure overload, volume overload, metabolic dysfunction, and aging may cause interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in the absence of infarction. Activated myofibroblasts are the main effector cells in cardiac fibrosis; their expansion following myocardial injury is primarily driven through activation of resident interstitial cell populations. Several other cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells may contribute to the fibrotic process, by producing proteases that participate in matrix metabolism, by secreting fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins, or by exerting contact-dependent actions on fibroblast phenotype. The mechanisms of induction of fibrogenic signals are dependent on the type of primary myocardial injury. Activation of neurohumoral pathways stimulates fibroblasts both directly, and through effects on immune cell populations. Cytokines and growth factors, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-10, chemokines, members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family, IL-11, and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors are secreted in the cardiac interstitium and play distinct roles in activating specific aspects of the fibrotic response. Secreted fibrogenic mediators and matricellular proteins bind to cell surface receptors in fibroblasts, such as cytokine receptors, integrins, syndecans and CD44, and transduce intracellular signaling cascades that regulate genes involved in synthesis, processing and metabolism of the extracellular matrix. Endogenous pathways involved in negative regulation of fibrosis are critical for cardiac repair and may protect the myocardium from excessive fibrogenic responses. Due to the reparative nature of many forms of cardiac fibrosis, targeting fibrotic remodeling following myocardial injury poses major challenges. Development of effective therapies will require careful dissection of the cell biological mechanisms, study of the functional consequences of fibrotic changes on the myocardium, and identification of heart failure patient subsets with overactive fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer G46B, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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75
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Makedonas G, Chouker A, Mehta S, Simpson R, Stowe R, Sams C, Pierson D, Crucian B. Mechanistic Clues to Overcome Spaceflight-Induced Immune Dysregulation. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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76
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with pronounced morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence, expected to further increase for the forthcoming years, and associated frequent hospitalizations turn AF into a major health problem. Structural and electrical atrial remodelling underlie the substrate for AF, but the exact mechanisms driving this remodelling remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNA), short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, may be involved in the pathophysiology of AF. MiRNAs have been implicated in AF-induced ion channel remodelling and fibrosis. MiRNAs could therefore provide insight into AF pathophysiology or become novel targets for therapy with miRNA mimics or anti-miRNAs. Moreover, circulating miRNAs have been suggested as a new class of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of AF. However, the origin and function of miRNAs in tissue and plasma frequently remain unknown and studies investigating the role of miRNAs in AF vary in design and focus and even present contradicting results. Here, we provide a systematic review of the available clinical and functional studies investigating the tissue and plasma miRNAs in AF and will thereafter discuss the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets in AF.
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77
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lucas
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (T.L., A.B., S.D.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (T.L., A.B., S.D.)
| | - Angelika Bonauer
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (T.L., A.B., S.D.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (T.L., A.B., S.D.)
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany (T.L., A.B., S.D.)
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (T.L., A.B., S.D.)
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78
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Li X, Wei Y, Wang Z. microRNA-21 and hypertension. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:649-661. [PMID: 29973661 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, a multifactorial disease, is a major risk factor for the development of stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and chronic renal failure. However, its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive. Numerous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and the development of diseases. microRNA-21 (miR-21), a conserved single-stranded non-coding RNA that is composed of approximately 22 nucleotides, is one of the most intensively studied miRNAs in recent years, and it can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. miR-21 is expressed in many kinds of tumors and in the cardiovascular system, and it plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, more and more evidence indicates that miR-21 plays an important role in hypertension. This article reviews the source, function, and altered levels of miR-21 in hypertension and the role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of hypertension and target organ damage (TOD). The potential role of miR-21 as a new target for predicting and treating hypertension is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Zuoguang Wang
- Department of Hypertension, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, 100029, Beijing, China.
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79
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Das A, Samidurai A, Salloum FN. Deciphering Non-coding RNAs in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:73. [PMID: 30013975 PMCID: PMC6036139 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After being long considered as “junk” in the human genome, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) currently represent one of the newest frontiers in cardiovascular disease (CVD) since they have emerged in recent years as potential therapeutic targets. Different types of ncRNAs exist, including small ncRNAs that have fewer than 200 nucleotides, which are mostly known as microRNAs (miRNAs), and long ncRNAs that have more than 200 nucleotides. Recent discoveries on the role of ncRNAs in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and infarction (MI), adverse cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and diabetic cardiomyopathy prompted vast interest in exploring candidate ncRNAs for utilization as potential therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in CVDs. This review will discuss our current knowledge concerning the roles of different types of ncRNAs in cardiovascular health and disease and provide some insight on the cardioprotective signaling pathways elicited by the non-coding genome. We will highlight important basic and clinical breakthroughs that support employing ncRNAs for treatment or early diagnosis of a variety of CVDs, and also depict the most relevant limitations that challenge this novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Arun Samidurai
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Fadi N Salloum
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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80
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Oyama Y, Bartman CM, Gile J, Eckle T. Circadian MicroRNAs in Cardioprotection. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:3723-3730. [PMID: 28699517 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170707165319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The most dramatic feature of life on Earth is our adaptation to the cycle of day and night. Throughout evolutionary time, almost all living organisms developed a molecular clock linked to the light-dark cycles of the sun. In present time, we know that this molecular clock is crucial to maintain metabolic and physiological homeostasis. Indeed, a dysregulated molecular clockwork is a major contributing factor to many metabolic diseases. In fact, the time of onset of acute myocardial infarction exhibits a circadian periodicity and recent studies have found that the light regulated circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) elicits endogenous cardioprotection from ischemia. Manipulating the molecular clockwork may prove beneficial during myocardial ischemia in humans. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules capable of silencing messenger RNA (mRNA) targets. MicroRNA dysregulation has been linked to cancer development, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, lipid metabolism, and impaired immunity. Therefore, microRNAs are gaining interest as putative novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. To identify circadian microRNA-based cardioprotective pathways, a recent study evaluated transcriptional changes of PER2 dependent microRNAs during myocardial ischemia. Out of 352 most abundantly expressed microRNAs, miR-21 was amongst the top PER2 dependent microRNAs and was shown to mediate PER2 elicited cardioprotection. Further analysis suggested circadian entrainment via intense light therapy to be a potential strategy to enhance miR-21 activity in humans. In this review, we will focus on circadian microRNAs in the context of cardioprotection and will highlight new discoveries, which could lead to novel therapeutic concepts to treat myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Oyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
| | - Colleen Marie Bartman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
| | - Jennifer Gile
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E 19th Avenue, Mailstop B112, RC 2, Room 7121, Aurora, CO 80045. United States
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81
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Caviglia JM, Yan J, Jang MK, Gwak GY, Affo S, Yu L, Olinga P, Friedman RA, Chen X, Schwabe RF. MicroRNA-21 and Dicer are dispensable for hepatic stellate cell activation and the development of liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2018; 67:2414-2429. [PMID: 29091291 PMCID: PMC5930143 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibrosis and cancer represent two major complications of chronic liver disease. MicroRNAs have been implicated in the development of fibrosis and cancer, thus constituting potential therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21), a microRNA that has been implicated in the development of fibrosis in multiple organs and has also been suggested to act as an "oncomir." Accordingly, miR-21 was the microRNA that showed the strongest up-regulation in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in multiple models of fibrogenesis, with an 8-fold to 24-fold induction compared to quiescent HSCs. However, miR-21 antisense inhibition did not suppress the activation of murine or human HSCs in culture or in liver slices. Moreover, genetic deletion of miR-21 in two independently generated knockout mice or miR-21 antisense inhibition did not alter HSC activation or liver fibrosis in models of toxic and biliary liver injury. Despite a strong up-regulation of miR-21 in injury-associated hepatocellular carcinoma and in cholangiocarcinoma, miR-21 deletion or antisense inhibition did not reduce the development of liver tumors. As inhibition of the most up-regulated microRNA did not affect HSC activation, liver fibrosis, or fibrosis-associated liver cancer, we additionally tested the role of microRNAs in HSCs by HSC-specific Dicer deletion. Although Dicer deletion decreased microRNA expression in HSCs and altered the expression of select genes, it only exerted negligible effects on HSC activation and liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of miR-21 does not inhibit the development of liver fibrosis and liver cancer. Moreover, suppression of microRNA synthesis does not significantly affect HSC phenotype and activation. (Hepatology 2018;67:2414-2429).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, TJ 300192, China
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, 05355, South Korea
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Silvia Affo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lexing Yu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter Olinga
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Friedman
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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82
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Alteration in microRNA-25 expression regulate cardiac function via renin secretion. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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83
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Ghosh N, Katare R. Molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and modulation of microRNA function by synthetic oligonucleotides. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:43. [PMID: 29566757 PMCID: PMC5863891 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a chronic complication in individuals with diabetes and is characterized by ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, decreased or preserved systolic function and reduced ejection fraction eventually resulting in heart failure. Despite being well characterized, the fundamental mechanisms leading to DCM are still elusive. Recent studies identified the involvement of small non-coding small RNA molecules such as microRNAs (miRs) playing a key role in the etiology of DCM. Therefore, miRs associated with DCM represents a new class of targets for the development of mechanistic therapeutics, which may yield marked benefits compared to other therapeutic approaches. Indeed, few miRs currently under active clinical investigation, with many expressing cautious optimism that miRs based therapies will succeed in the coming years. The major caution in using miRs based therapy is the need to improve the stability and specificity following systemic injection, which can be achieved through chemical and structural modification. In this review, we first discuss the established role of miRs in DCM and the advances in miRs based therapeutic strategies for the prevention/treatment of DCM. We next discuss the currently employed chemical modification of miR oligonucleotides and their utility in therapies specifically focusing on the DCM. Finally, we summarize the commonly used delivery system and approaches for assessment of miRNA modulation and potential off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010 New Zealand
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Zhu WS, Tang CM, Xiao Z, Zhu JN, Lin QX, Fu YH, Hu ZQ, Zhang Z, Yang M, Zheng XL, Wu SL, Shan ZX. Targeting EZH1 and EZH2 contributes to the suppression of fibrosis-associated genes by miR-214-3p in cardiac myofibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78331-78342. [PMID: 27823969 PMCID: PMC5346642 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) in cardiac fibrosis was not well illustrated. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and potential target of miR-214-3p in angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced cardiac fibrosis. MiR-214-3p was markedly decreased in the fibrotic myocardium of a mouse Ang-II infusion model, but was upregulated in Ang-II-treated mouse myofibroblasts. Cardiac fibrosis was shown attenuated in Ang-II-infused mice received tail vein injection of miR-214-3p agomir. Consistently, miR-214-3p inhibited the expression of Col1a1 and Col3a1 in mouse myofibroblasts in vitro. MiR-214-3p could bind the 3'-UTRs of enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1) and -2, and suppressed EZH1 and -2 expressions at the transcriptional level. Functionally, miR-214-3p mimic, in parallel to EZH1 siRNA and EZH2 siRNA, could enhance peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression and inhibited the expression of Col1a1 and Col3a1 in myofibroblasts. In addition, enforced expression of EZH1 and -2, and knockdown of PPAR-γ resulted in the increase of Col1a1 and Col3a1 in myofibroblasts. Moreover, the NF-κB signal pathway was verified to mediate Ang-II-induced miR-214-3p expression in myofibroblasts. Taken together, our results revealed that EZH1 and -2 were novel targets of miR-214-3p, and miR-214-3p might be one potential miRNA for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Si Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Mei Tang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Ning Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Heng Fu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Hu
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shu-Lin Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Shan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Mayourian J, Ceholski DK, Gorski PA, Mathiyalagan P, Murphy JF, Salazar SI, Stillitano F, Hare JM, Sahoo S, Hajjar RJ, Costa KD. Exosomal microRNA-21-5p Mediates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Effects on Human Cardiac Tissue Contractility. Circ Res 2018; 122:933-944. [PMID: 29449318 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The promising clinical benefits of delivering human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for treating heart disease warrant a better understanding of underlying mechanisms of action. hMSC exosomes increase myocardial contractility; however, the exosomal cargo responsible for these effects remains unresolved. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify lead cardioactive hMSC exosomal microRNAs to provide a mechanistic basis for optimizing future stem cell-based cardiotherapies. METHODS AND RESULTS Integrating systems biology and human engineered cardiac tissue (hECT) technologies, partial least squares regression analysis of exosomal microRNA profiling data predicted microRNA-21-5p (miR-21-5p) levels positively correlate with contractile force and calcium handling gene expression responses in hECTs treated with conditioned media from multiple cell types. Furthermore, miR-21-5p levels were significantly elevated in hECTs treated with the exosome-enriched fraction of the hMSC secretome (hMSC-exo) versus untreated controls. This motivated experimentally testing the human-specific role of miR-21-5p in hMSC-exo-mediated increases of cardiac tissue contractility. Treating hECTs with miR-21-5p alone was sufficient to recapitulate effects observed with hMSC-exo on hECT developed force and expression of associated calcium handling genes (eg, SERCA2a and L-type calcium channel). Conversely, knockdown of miR-21-5p in hMSCs significantly diminished exosomal procontractile and associated calcium handling gene expression effects on hECTs. Western blots supported miR-21-5p effects on calcium handling gene expression at the protein level, corresponding to significantly increased calcium transient amplitude and decreased decay time constant in comparison to miR-scramble control. Mechanistically, cotreating with miR-21-5p and LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, suppressed these effects. Finally, mathematical simulations predicted the translational capacity for miR-21-5p treatment to restore calcium handling in mature ischemic adult human cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS miR-21-5p plays a key role in hMSC-exo-mediated effects on cardiac contractility and calcium handling, likely via PI3K signaling. These findings may open new avenues of research to harness the role of miR-21-5p in optimizing future stem cell-based cardiotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mayourian
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Delaine K Ceholski
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Przemek A Gorski
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Prabhu Mathiyalagan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Jack F Murphy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Sophia I Salazar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Francesca Stillitano
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Joshua M Hare
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.)
| | - Kevin D Costa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (J.M., D.K.C., P.A.G., P.M., J.F.M., S.I.S., F.S., S.S., R.J.H., K.D.C.); and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (J.M.H.).
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86
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miR-21 suppression prevents cardiac alterations induced by d-galactose and doxorubicin. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 115:130-141. [PMID: 29329959 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
d-galactose (d-gal)-induced cardiac alterations and Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiomyocyte senescence are commonly used models to study cardiac aging. Accumulating evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are critically involved in the regulation of cellular and organismal aging and age-related diseases. However, little has been revealed about the roles of miRNAs in cardiac alterations induced by d-gal and Dox. In this study, we used miRNA arrays to investigate the dysregulated miRNAs in heart samples from 15month-old versus 2month-old male C57BL/6 mice and further validated them in d-gal-induced pseudo-aging mouse model and Dox-induced cardiomyocyte senescence in vitro model. We confirmed a significant increase of miR-21 in all these models by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions. We further demonstrated that miR-21 was able to promote Dox-induced cardiomyocyte senescence whereas suppression of miR-21 could prevent that, as determined by percentage of β-gal-positive cells and gene markers of aging. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was identified as a target gene of miR-21, mediating its effect in increasing cardiomyocyte senescence. Finally, we found that miR-21 knockout mice were resistant to d-gal-induced alterations in aging-markers and cardiac function. Collectively, this study provides direct evidence that inhibition of miR-21 is protective against d-gal-induced cardiac alterations and Dox-induced cardiomyocyte senescence via targeting PTEN. Inhibition of miR-21 might be a novel strategy to combat cardiac aging.
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87
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Dangwal S, Schimmel K, Foinquinos A, Xiao K, Thum T. Noncoding RNAs in Heart Failure. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 243:423-445. [PMID: 27995387 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a major contributor to the healthcare burden and mortality worldwide. Current treatment strategies are able to slow down the transition of healthy heart into the failing one; nevertheless better understanding of the complex genetic regulation of maladaptive remodeling in the failing heart is essential for new drug discovery. Noncoding RNAs are key epigenetic regulators of cardiac gene expression and thus significantly influence cardiac homeostasis and functions.In this chapter we will discuss characteristics of noncoding RNAs, especially miRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, and review recent evidences proving their profound involvement during different stages of heart failure progression. Several open questions still prevent the extensive use of noncoding RNA-modulating therapies in clinics; yet they are becoming an attractive target to define novel regulatory mechanisms in the heart. In-depth study of their interaction with gene networks will refine our current view of heart failure and revolutionize the drug development in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Dangwal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFBTx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Schimmel
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFBTx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ariana Foinquinos
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFBTx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFBTx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFBTx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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88
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Martinez EC, Lilyanna S, Wang P, Vardy LA, Jiang X, Armugam A, Jeyaseelan K, Richards AM. MicroRNA-31 promotes adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in ischemic heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:27-39. [PMID: 28865712 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a dynamic microRNA response with the potential of yielding therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify novel aberrantly expressed cardiac microRNAs post-MI with potential roles in adverse remodeling in a rat model, and to provide post-ischemic therapeutic inhibition of a candidate pathological microRNA in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Following microRNA array profiling in rat hearts 2 and 14days post-MI, we identified a time-dependent up-regulation of miR-31 compared to sham-operated rats. A progressive increase of miR-31 (up to 91.4±11.3 fold) was detected in the infarcted myocardium by quantitative real-time PCR. Following target prediction analysis, reporter gene assays confirmed that miR-31 targets the 3´UTR of cardiac troponin-T (Tnnt2), E2F transcription factor 6 (E2f6), mineralocorticoid receptor (Nr3c2) and metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (Timp4) mRNAs. In vitro, hypoxia and oxidative stress up-regulated miR-31 and suppressed target genes in cardiac cell cultures, whereas LNA-based oligonucleotide inhibition of miR-31 (miR-31i) reversed its repressive effect on target mRNAs. Therapeutic post-ischemic administration of miR-31i in rats silenced cardiac miR-31 and enhanced expression of target genes, while preserving cardiac structure and function at 2 and 4weeks post-MI. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) improved by 10% (from day 2 to 30 post-MI) in miR-31i-treated rats, whereas controls receiving scrambled LNA inhibitor or placebo incurred a 17% deterioration in EF. miR-31i decreased end-diastolic pressure and infarct size; attenuated interstitial fibrosis in the remote myocardium and enhanced cardiac output. CONCLUSION miR-31 induction after MI is deleterious to cardiac function while its therapeutic inhibition in vivo ameliorates cardiac dysfunction and prevents the development of post-ischemic adverse remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana C Martinez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Shera Lilyanna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peipei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Xiaofei Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Arunmozhiarasi Armugam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kandiah Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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89
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Chuppa S, Liang M, Liu P, Liu Y, Casati MC, Cowley AW, Patullo L, Kriegel AJ. MicroRNA-21 regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, a molecular mechanism of cardiac pathology in Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4. Kidney Int 2017; 93:375-389. [PMID: 28760335 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), although the pathological mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we longitudinally characterized left ventricle pathology in a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of CKD and identify novel molecular mediators. Next-generation sequencing of left ventricle mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) was performed at physiologically distinct points in disease progression, identifying alterations in genes in numerous immune, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory pathways, as well as several miRNAs. MiRNA miR-21-5p was increased in our dataset and has been reported to regulate many identified pathways. Suppression of miR-21-5p protected rats with 5/6 nephrectomy from developing left ventricle hypertrophy and improved left ventricle function. Next-generation mRNA sequencing revealed that miR-21-5p suppression altered gene expression in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) regulated pathways in the left ventricle. PPARα, a miR-21-5p target, is the primary PPAR isoform in the heart, importantly involved in regulating fatty acid metabolism. Therapeutic delivery of low-dose PPARα agonist (clofibrate) to rats with 5/6 nephrectomy improved cardiac function and prevented left ventricle dilation. Thus, comprehensive characterization of left ventricle molecular changes highlights the involvement of numerous signaling pathways not previously explored in CKD models and identified PPARα as a potential therapeutic target for CKD-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chuppa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marc C Casati
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Leah Patullo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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90
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Dai J, Chen W, Lin Y, Wang S, Guo X, Zhang QQ. Exposure to Concentrated Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Induces Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction via miR-21. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:868-877. [PMID: 28808419 PMCID: PMC5555104 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial permeability transition does not cause significant lesions, but enhanced permeability may contribute to the development of vascular and other diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure and cancer. Therefore, elucidating the effect of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on vascular endothelial permeability could help prevent disease that might be caused by PM2.5. Our previous study and the present one revealed that PM2.5 significantly increased the permeability of vascular endothelial cells and disrupted the barrier function of the vascular endothelium in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. We found that the effect occurred mainly through induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, further transcriptional regulation of microRNA21 (miR-21) and promotion of miR-21 expression. These changes post-transcriptionally repress tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) and promote matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) expression. This work provides evidence that PM2.5 exerts direct inhibitory action on vascular endothelial barrier function and might give rise to a number of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Dai
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Yuyin Lin
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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91
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Kura B, Babal P, Slezak J. Implication of microRNAs in the development and potential treatment of radiation-induced heart disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1236-1244. [PMID: 28679064 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the most commonly used methodology to treat oncological disease, one of the most widespread causes of death worldwide. Oncological patients cured by radiotherapy applied to the mediastinal area have been shown to suffer from cardiovascular disease. The increase in the prevalence of radiation-induced heart disease has emphasized the need to seek new therapeutic targets to mitigate the negative impact of radiation on the heart. In this regard, microRNAs (miRNAs) have received considerable interest. miRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by their ability to target various mRNA sequences because of their imperfect pairing with mRNAs. It has been recognized that miRNAs modulate a diverse spectrum of cardiac functions with developmental, pathophysiological, and clinical implications. This makes them promising potential targets for diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the recent findings about the possible involvement of miRNAs in radiation-induced heart disease and their potential use as diagnostic or treatment targets in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavel Babal
- b Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Slezak
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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92
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Barwari T, Joshi A, Mayr M. MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:2577-2584. [PMID: 27931616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are in the spotlight as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. More than 1,000 miRNAs are encoded in the human genome. In this review, we provide an introduction to miRNA biology and research methodology, and highlight advances in cardiovascular research to date. This includes the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in cardiac and vascular disease, and their use as novel biomarkers. Although some miRNA therapies are already undergoing clinical evaluation, we stress the importance of integrating current knowledge of miRNA biology into a systemic context. Discovery studies focus on miRNA effects within one specific organ, whereas the expression of most miRNAs is not restricted to a single tissue. Because most miRNA-based therapies act systemically, this may preclude widespread clinical use. The development of more targeted interventions will bolster well-informed clinical applications, increasing the chances of success and minimizing the risk of setbacks for miRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temo Barwari
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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93
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Huang Z, Chen XJ, Qian C, Dong Q, Ding D, Wu QF, Li J, Wang HF, Li WH, Xie Q, Cheng X, Zhao N, Du YM, Liao YH. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/MicroRNA-21 Feedback Loop Contributes to Atrial Fibrillation by Promoting Atrial Fibrosis in a Rat Sterile Pericarditis Model. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 9:CIRCEP.115.003396. [PMID: 27406600 PMCID: PMC4956678 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.003396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background— Postoperative atrial fibrillation is a frequent complication in cardiac surgery. The aberrant activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) contributes to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) promotes atrial fibrosis. Recent studies support the existence of reciprocal regulation between STAT3 and miR-21. Here, we test the hypothesis that these 2 molecules might form a feedback loop that contributes to postoperative atrial fibrillation by promoting atrial fibrosis. Methods and Results— A sterile pericarditis model was created using atrial surfaces dusted with sterile talcum powder in rats. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, along with STAT3 and miR-21, were highly upregulated in sterile pericarditis rats. The inhibition of STAT3 by S3I-201 resulted in miR-21 downregulation, which ameliorated atrial fibrosis and decreased the expression of the fibrosis-related genes, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen-1, and collagen-3; reduced the inhomogeneity of atrial conduction; and attenuated atrial fibrillation vulnerability. Meanwhile, treatment with antagomir-21 decreased STAT3 phosphorylation, alleviated atrial remodeling, abrogated sterile pericarditis–induced inhomogeneous conduction, and prevented atrial fibrillation promotion. The culturing of cardiac fibroblasts with IL-6 resulted in progressively augmented STAT3 phosphorylation and miR-21 levels. S3I-201 blocked IL-6 induced the expression of miR-21 and fibrosis-related genes in addition to cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Transfected antagomir-21 decreased the IL-6–induced cardiac fibroblast activation and STAT3 phosphorylation. The overexpression of miR-21 in cardiac fibroblasts caused the upregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation, enhanced fibrosis-related genes, and increased cell numbers. Conclusions— Our results have uncovered a novel reciprocal loop between STAT3 and miR-21 that is activated after heart surgery and can contribute to atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng Qian
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
| | - Qian Dong
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
| | - Dan Ding
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
| | | | - Jing Li
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
| | | | - Wei-Hua Li
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
| | - Qiang Xie
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
| | - Xiang Cheng
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
| | - Ning Zhao
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix.
| | - Yi-Mei Du
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix.
| | - Yu-Hua Liao
- For the author affilations, please see the Appendix
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94
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Grabmaier U, Clauss S, Gross L, Klier I, Franz WM, Steinbeck G, Wakili R, Theiss HD, Brenner C. Diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-1 and miR-29b on adverse ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction - The SITAGRAMI-miR analysis. Int J Cardiol 2017; 244:30-36. [PMID: 28663047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRs) have shown to exert fibrotic and anti-fibrotic effects in preclinical models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The aim of this study was to evaluate miR-1, miR-21, miR-29b and miR-92a as circulating biomarkers for adverse ventricular remodeling (AVR) in post-AMI patients. METHODS Plasma levels of miR-1, miR-21, miR-29b and miR-92a were measured in 44 patients of the SITAGRAMI trial population at day 4, day 9 and 6month after AMI and in 18 matched controls (CTL). MiR expression patterns were correlated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters for AVR (absolute change (Δ) in infarct volume (IV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) between day 4 and 6months after AMI) and a combined cardiovascular endpoint. RESULTS Expression of miR-1, miR-21 and miR-29b but not miR-92a was increased in AMI vs. CTL cohort showing highest miR levels at d9. However, only miR-1 and miR-29b levels significantly correlated with ΔIV and showed a trend for correlation with ΔLVEF. Only miR-29b levels at day 9 correlated with ΔLVEDV at 6-month follow-up. There was no correlation of miR levels with an adverse outcome. CONCLUSION Mir-1 and miR-29b plasma levels post-AMI correlate with IV changes. In addition, miR-29b levels are associated with changes of LVEDV over time. These results provide insights into the role of miRs as diagnostic AVR surrogate markers. Further large scale clinical trials will be needed to evaluate the real prognostic relevance of these miRs with respect to a clinical implication in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grabmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - S Clauss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - L Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - I Klier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - W M Franz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Steinbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - R Wakili
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
| | - H D Theiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Brenner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Cardiology, REHA Zentrum Muenster, Tyrol, Austria.
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95
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Ball JP, Syed M, Marañon RO, Hall ME, KC R, Reckelhoff JF, Yanes Cardozo LL, Romero DG. Role and Regulation of MicroRNAs in Aldosterone-Mediated Cardiac Injury and Dysfunction in Male Rats. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1859-1874. [PMID: 28368454 PMCID: PMC5460923 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism is characterized by excess aldosterone (ALDO) secretion independent of the renin-angiotensin system and accounts for approximately 10% of hypertension cases. Excess ALDO that is inappropriate for salt intake status causes cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertension. The molecular mechanisms that trigger the onset and progression of ALDO-mediated cardiac injury are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs that have been implicated in diverse cardiac abnormalities, yet very little is known about their regulation and role in ALDO-mediated cardiac injury. To elucidate the regulation of miRNAs in ALDO-mediated cardiac injury, we performed a time-series analysis of left ventricle (LV) miRNA expression. Uninephrectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ALDO (0.75 µg/h) infusion and SALT (1.0% NaCl/0.3% KCl) in the drinking water for up to 8 weeks. ALDO/SALT time dependently modulated the expression of multiple miRNAs in the LV. miR-21 was the most upregulated miRNA after 2 weeks of treatment and remained elevated until the end of the study. To elucidate the role of miR-21 in ALDO/SALT-mediated cardiac injury, miR-21 was downregulated by using antagomirs in ALDO/SALT-treated rats. miR-21 downregulation exacerbated ALDO/SALT-mediated cardiac hypertrophy, expression of fibrosis marker genes, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, OH-proline content, and cardiac dysfunction. These results suggest that ALDO/SALT-mediated cardiac miR-21 upregulation may be a compensatory mechanism that mitigates ALDO/SALT-mediated cardiac deleterious effects. We speculate that miR-21 supplementation would have beneficial effects in reverting or mitigating cardiac injury and dysfunction in patients with primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana P. Ball
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Maryam Syed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Rodrigo O. Marañon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Cardio-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Cardio-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Roshan KC
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Jane F. Reckelhoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Cardio-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Licy L. Yanes Cardozo
- Cardio-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Damian G. Romero
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Cardio-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
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96
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Khoshnam SE, Winlow W, Farbood Y, Moghaddam HF, Farzaneh M. Emerging Roles of microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke: As Possible Therapeutic Agents. J Stroke 2017; 19:166-187. [PMID: 28480877 PMCID: PMC5466283 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2016.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. The consequences of stroke injuries are profound and persistent, causing in considerable burden to both the individual patient and society. Current treatments for ischemic stroke injuries have proved inadequate, partly owing to an incomplete understanding of the cellular and molecular changes that occur following ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously expressed RNA molecules that function to inhibit mRNA translation and have key roles in the pathophysiological processes contributing to ischemic stroke injuries. Potential therapeutic areas to compensate these pathogenic processes include promoting angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Several miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in these recoveries and repair mechanisms. The capacity of miRNAs to simultaneously regulate several target genes underlies their unique importance in ischemic stroke therapeutics. In this Review, we focus on the role of miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as promising therapeutic agents in cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - William Winlow
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italia.,Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Fathi Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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97
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Lin Y, Ding D, Huang Q, Liu Q, Lu H, Lu Y, Chi Y, Sun X, Ye G, Zhu H, Wei J, Dong S. Downregulation of miR-192 causes hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation by inducing SREBF1: Novel mechanism for bisphenol A-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:869-882. [PMID: 28483554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Given that microRNA (miRNA) is recognized as a key regulator of lipid metabolism and a potential mediator of environmental cues, this study was designed to explore whether exposure to BPA-triggered abnormal steatosis and lipid accumulation in the liver could be modulated by miR-192. We showed that male post-weaning C57BL/6 mice exposed to 50μg/kg/day of BPA by oral gavage for 90days displayed a NAFLD-like phenotype. In addition, we found in mouse liver and human HepG2 cells that BPA-induced hepatic steatosis and lipid accumulation were associated with decreased expression of miR-192, upregulation of SREBF1 and a series of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis. Downregulation of miR-192 in BPA-exposed hepatocytes could be due to defective pre-miR-192 processing by DROSHA. Using HepG2 cells, we further confirmed that miR-192 directly acted on the 3'UTR of SREBF1, contributing to dysregulation of lipid homeostasis in hepatocytes. MiR-192 mimic and lentivirus-mediated overexpression of miR-192 improved BPA-induced hepatic steatosis by suppressing SREBF1. Lastly, we noted that lipid accumulation was not a strict requirement for developing insulin resistance in mice after BPA treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a novel mechanism in which NAFLD associated with BPA exposure arose from alterations in the miR-192-SREBF1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dongxiao Ding
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoyang Lu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yanyang Lu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulang Chi
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Sijun Dong
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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98
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Reddy S, Hu DQ, Zhao M, Blay E, Sandeep N, Ong SG, Jung G, Kooiker KB, Coronado M, Fajardo G, Bernstein D. miR-21 is associated with fibrosis and right ventricular failure. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91625. [PMID: 28469078 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined pulmonary insufficiency (PI) and stenosis (PS) is a common long-term sequela after repair of many forms of congenital heart disease, causing progressive right ventricular (RV) dilation and failure. Little is known of the mechanisms underlying this combination of preload and afterload stressors. We developed a murine model of PI and PS (PI+PS) to identify clinically relevant pathways and biomarkers of disease progression. Diastolic dysfunction was induced (restrictive RV filling, elevated RV end-diastolic pressures) at 1 month after generation of PI+PS and progressed to systolic dysfunction (decreased RV shortening) by 3 months. RV fibrosis progressed from 1 month (4.4% ± 0.4%) to 3 months (9.2% ± 1%), along with TGF-β signaling and tissue expression of profibrotic miR-21. Although plasma miR-21 was upregulated with diastolic dysfunction, it was downregulated with the onset of systolic dysfunction), correlating with RV fibrosis. Plasma miR-21 in children with PI+PS followed a similar pattern. A model of combined RV volume and pressure overload recapitulates the evolution of RV failure unique to patients with prior RV outflow tract surgery. This progression was characterized by enhanced TGF-β and miR-21 signaling. miR-21 may serve as a plasma biomarker of RV failure, with decreased expression heralding the need for valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dong-Qing Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eddie Blay
- Department of Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nefthi Sandeep
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gwanghyun Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristina B Kooiker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Coronado
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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99
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Ottaviani L, da Costa Martins PA. Non-coding RNAs in cardiac hypertrophy. J Physiol 2017; 595:4037-4050. [PMID: 28233323 PMCID: PMC5471409 DOI: 10.1113/jp273129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the largest contributors to disease burden and healthcare outflow in the Western world. Despite significant progress in the treatment of heart failure, disease prognosis remains very poor, with the only curative therapy still being heart transplantation. To counteract the current situation, efforts have been made to better understand the underlying molecular pathways in the progression of cardiac disease towards heart failure, and to link the disease to novel therapeutic targets such as non‐coding RNAs. The non‐coding part of the genome has gained prominence over the last couple of decades, opening a completely new research field and establishing different non‐coding RNAs species as fundamental regulators of cellular functions. Not surprisingly, their dysregulation is increasingly being linked to pathology, including to cardiac disease. Pre‐clinically, non‐coding RNAs have been shown to be of great value as therapeutic targets in pathological cardiac remodelling and also as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for heart failure. Therefore, it is to be expected that non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutic strategies will reach the bedside in the future and provide new and more efficient treatments for heart failure. Here, we review recent discoveries linking the function and molecular interactions of non‐coding RNAs with the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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100
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miR-24-mediated knockdown of H2AX damages mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e313. [PMID: 28386126 PMCID: PMC5420797 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial deficits or altered expressions of microRNAs are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, and microRNA-operated control of mitochondrial activity has been reported. Using a retrovirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) system, we observed that miR-24-mediated H2AX knockdown (H2AX-KD) impaired both mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. The overexpression of miR-24 decreased mitochondrial H2AX and disrupted mitochondrial function, as indicated by the ATP content, membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Similar mitochondrial damage was observed in shH2AX-mediated specific H2AX-KD cells. The H2AX-KD reduced the expression levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial DNA-dependent transcripts. H2AX-KD mitochondria were swollen, and their cristae were destroyed. H2AX-KD also blocked the import of precursor proteins into mitochondria and the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Y632) and Akt (S473 and T308). The rescue of H2AX, but not the nuclear form of ΔC24-H2AX, restored all features of miR-24- or shH2AX-mediated impairment of mitochondria. Hepatic miR-24 levels were significantly increased in db/db and ob/ob mice. A strong feedback loop may be present among miR-24, H2AX, mitochondria and the insulin signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that H2AX-targeting miR-24 may be a novel negative regulator of mitochondrial function and is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
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