51
|
Kim MK. Novel insight into the function of tankyrase. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6895-6902. [PMID: 30546421 PMCID: PMC6256358 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tankyrases are multifunctional poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases that regulate a variety of cellular processes, including Wnt signaling, telomere maintenance and mitosis regulation. Tankyrases interact with target proteins and regulate their interactions and stability through poly(ADP-ribosyl) ation. In addition to their roles in telomere maintenance and regulation of mitosis, tankyrase proteins regulate tumor suppressors, including AXIN, phosphatase and tensin homolog and angiomotin. Therefore, tankyrases may be effective targets for cancer treatment. Tankyrase inhibitors could affect a variety of carcinogenic pathways that promote uncontrolled proliferation, including Wnt, AKT, yes-associated protein, telomere maintenance and mitosis regulation. Recently, novel aspects of the function and mechanism of tankyrases have been reported, and a number of tankyrase inhibitors have been identified. A combination of conventional chemotherapy agents with tankyrase inhibitors may have synergistic anticancer effects. Therefore, it is expected that more advanced and improved tankyrase inhibitors will be developed, enabling novel therapeutic strategies against cancer and other tankyrase-associated diseases. The present review discusses tankyrase function and the role of tankyrase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Guimaraes PPG, Tan M, Tammela T, Wu K, Chung A, Oberli M, Wang K, Spektor R, Riley RS, Viana CTR, Jacks T, Langer R, Mitchell MJ. Potent in vivo lung cancer Wnt signaling inhibition via cyclodextrin-LGK974 inclusion complexes. J Control Release 2018; 290:75-87. [PMID: 30290244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt signaling pathway promotes lung cancer progression and contributes to poor patient prognosis. The porcupine inhibitor LGK974, a novel orally bioavailable cancer therapeutic in Phase I clinical trials, induces potent Wnt signaling inhibition and leads to suppressed growth and progression of multiple types of cancers. The clinical use of LGK974, however, is limited in part due to its low solubility and high toxicity in tissues that rely on Wnt signaling for normal homeostasis. Here, we report the use of host-guest chemistry to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of LGK974 in mice through complexation with cyclodextrins (CD). We assessed the effects of these complexes to inhibit Wnt signaling in lung adenocarcinomas that are typically driven by overactive Wnt signaling. 2D 1H NMR confirmed host-guest complexation of CDs with LGK974. CD:LGK974 complexes significantly decreased the expression of Wnt target genes in lung cancer organoids and in lung cancer allografts in mice. Further, CD:LGK974 complexes increased the bioavailability upon oral administration in mice compared to free LGK974. In a mouse lung cancer allograft model, CD:LGK974 complexes induced potent Wnt signaling inhibition with reduced intestinal toxicity compared to treatment with free drug. Collectively, the development of these complexes enables safer and repeated oral or parenteral administration of Wnt signaling inhibitors, which hold promise for the treatment of multiple types of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P G Guimaraes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mingchee Tan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Katherine Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Amanda Chung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Matthias Oberli
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Karin Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roman Spektor
- Graduate Field of Genetics, Genomics and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rachel S Riley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Celso T R Viana
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hsin IL, Hsu JC, Wu WJ, Lu HJ, Wu MF, Ko JL. GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, induce apoptosis via β-catenin suppression in lung cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:955-961. [PMID: 29974605 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-catenin is important in development of lung cancer. In our previous study, GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, inhibits lung cancer cell survival. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of GMI on β-catenin inhibition and apoptosis induction. GMI induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells bearing wild-type and mutated EGFR. GMI did not reduce the β-catenin mRNA expression but suppressed the protein expressions of β-catenin that resulted in the transcriptional downregulation of its target genes: survivin and cyclin-D1. The transcriptional activation activity of β-catenin was demonstrated by TOPFLASH/FOPFLASH luciferase reporter assay. Inhibition of GSK-3β and proteasome blocked the inhibiting effect of GMI on β-catenin and its target genes. β-catenin silencing increased activation of apoptosis in GMI-treated H1355 cells. This is the first study to reveal the novel function of GMI in inducing apoptosis via β-catenin inhibition. These results provide a new potential of GMI in against lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Inflammation Research & Drug Development Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Ju Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Dynamic expression of HOPX in alveolar epithelial cells reflects injury and repair during the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12983. [PMID: 30154568 PMCID: PMC6113210 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of injury and repair in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are critically involved in the progression of various lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Homeobox only protein x (HOPX) contributes to the formation of distal lung during development. In adult lung, alveolar epithelial type (AT) I cells express HOPX and lineage-labeled Hopx+ cells give rise to both ATI and ATII cells after pneumonectomy. However, the cell function of HOPX-expressing cells in adult fibrotic lung diseases has not been investigated. In this study, we have established a flow cytometry-based method to evaluate HOPX-expressing cells in the lung. HOPX expression in cultured ATII cells increased over culture time, which was accompanied by a decrease of proSP-C, an ATII marker. Moreover, HOPX expression was increased in AECs from bleomycin-instilled mouse lungs in vivo. Small interfering RNA-based knockdown of Hopx resulted in suppressing ATII-ATI trans-differentiation and activating cellular proliferation in vitro. In IPF lungs, HOPX expression was decreased in whole lungs and significantly correlated to a decline in lung function and progression of IPF. In conclusion, HOPX is upregulated during early alveolar injury and repair process in the lung. Decreased HOPX expression might contribute to failed regenerative processes in end-stage IPF lungs.
Collapse
|
55
|
Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Lung Cancers: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Heterogeneity and Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E248. [PMID: 30060526 PMCID: PMC6116004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the largest number of cancer-related deaths in the world. Most (85%) of lung cancers are classified as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (15%) (SCLC). The 5-year survival rate for NSCLC patients remains very low (about 16% at 5 years). The two predominant NSCLC histological phenotypes are adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (LSQCC). ADCs display several recurrent genetic alterations, including: KRAS, BRAF and EGFR mutations; recurrent mutations and amplifications of several oncogenes, including ERBB2, MET, FGFR1 and FGFR2; fusion oncogenes involving ALK, ROS1, Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and RET. In LSQCC recurrent mutations of TP53, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, DDR2 and genes of the PI3K pathway have been detected, quantitative gene abnormalities of PTEN and CDKN2A. Developments in the characterization of lung cancer molecular abnormalities provided a strong rationale for new therapeutic options and for understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance. However, the complexity of lung cancer genomes is particularly high, as shown by deep-sequencing studies supporting the heterogeneity of lung tumors at cellular level, with sub-clones exhibiting different combinations of mutations. Molecular studies performed on lung tumors during treatment have shown the phenomenon of clonal evolution, thus supporting the occurrence of a temporal tumor heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Pan F, Shen F, Yang L, Zhang L, Guo W, Tian J. Inhibitory effects of XAV939 on the proliferation of small-cell lung cancer H446 cells and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1953-1958. [PMID: 30008888 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, including small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), are the most common tumor types, which represent 13% of newly diagnosed cancer cases worldwide. SCLC represents 15% of all lung cancer cases. Although an increasing number of novel targeted drugs are employed for the treatment of NSCLC, including Iressa, Tarceva and Conmana, there have been almost no major breakthroughs in SCLC over the last 30 years. Therefore, new drug targets are required to treat or prevent SCLC. Aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with numerous types of tumors, and it plays a key role in cell proliferation and survival. Recent preclinical studies suggested that XAV939 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. In the present study, whether XAV939 is able to inhibit the proliferation of SCLC cells and the underlying mechanism were investigated. The inhibition of cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The mRNA expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the protein expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was determined by western blotting. The results from the CCK-8 cell viability assay confirmed that XAV939 is able to inhibit the proliferation of SCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effects of XAV939 were not time-dependent. By contrast, the effect of DDP treatment was time- and dose-dependent. Furthermore, the effect of combination treatment with XAV939 and DDP was antagonistic at low doses and synergistic at high doses. It was also observed that the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin and cyclin D1 was significantly in SCLC cells following XAV939 treatment compared with the control group. These findings suggested that XAV939 is able to inhibit the proliferation of H446 cells, at least partially, through downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. All of these results may provide potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhen Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jinxin Tian
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Li Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Yin W, Mo L, Qian X, Zhang Y, Wang G, Bu F, Zhang Z, Ren X, Zhu B, Niu C, Xiao W, Zhang W. Ube2s stabilizes β-Catenin through K11-linked polyubiquitination to promote mesendoderm specification and colorectal cancer development. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:456. [PMID: 29674637 PMCID: PMC5908793 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway is widely involved in regulating diverse biological processes. Dysregulation of the pathway results in severe consequences, such as developmental defects and malignant cancers. Here, we identified Ube2s as a novel activator of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. It modified β-Catenin at K19 via K11-linked polyubiquitin chain. This modification resulted in an antagonistic effect against the destruction complex/β-TrCP cascade-orchestrated β-Catenin degradation. As a result, the stability of β-Catenin was enhanced, thus promoting its cellular accumulation. Importantly, Ube2s-promoted β-Catenin accumulation partially released the dependence on exogenous molecules for the process of embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation into mesoendoderm lineages. Moreover, we demonstrated that UBE2S plays a critical role in determining the malignancy properties of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo. The findings in this study extend our mechanistic understanding of the mesoendodermal cell fate commitment, and provide UBE2S as a putative target for human CRC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yadan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqi Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Libin Mo
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghao Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Baochang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Nabhan AN, Brownfield DG, Harbury PB, Krasnow MA, Desai TJ. Single-cell Wnt signaling niches maintain stemness of alveolar type 2 cells. Science 2018; 359:1118-1123. [PMID: 29420258 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam6603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alveoli, the lung's respiratory units, are tiny sacs where oxygen enters the bloodstream. They are lined by flat alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, which mediate gas exchange, and AT2 cells, which secrete surfactant. Rare AT2s also function as alveolar stem cells. We show that AT2 lung stem cells display active Wnt signaling, and many of them are near single, Wnt-expressing fibroblasts. Blocking Wnt secretion depletes these stem cells. Daughter cells leaving the Wnt niche transdifferentiate into AT1s: Maintaining Wnt signaling prevents transdifferentiation, whereas abrogating Wnt signaling promotes it. Injury induces AT2 autocrine Wnts, recruiting "bulk" AT2s as progenitors. Thus, individual AT2 stem cells reside in single-cell fibroblast niches providing juxtacrine Wnts that maintain them, whereas injury induces autocrine Wnts that transiently expand the progenitor pool. This simple niche maintains the gas exchange surface and is coopted in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N Nabhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Douglas G Brownfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Pehr B Harbury
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA
| | - Tushar J Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Guo W, Shen F, Xiao W, Chen J, Pan F. Wnt inhibitor XAV939 suppresses the viability of small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cells and induces apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6585-6591. [PMID: 29344117 PMCID: PMC5754901 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer due to a fast tumor doubling time and early hematogenous spread. Advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using targeted therapies having been made, but no targeted drugs for SCLC have been approved. The Wnt signaling pathway is associated with tumor progression and metastasis; therefore, the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a strategy for anticancer drugs. Tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) is overexpressed in a number of types of cancer and XAV939 is a small molecule inhibitor of TNKS1 which may inhibit tumor growth. The present study aimed to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying XAV939-induced suppression of the viability of SCLC cells. MTT assays were used to determine the viability-inhibition rate of cells and to identify the drug concentration which optimally inhibited cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to determine whether XAV939 induced apoptosis of SCLC cells, and to analyze the effect of the drug on the cell cycle. The results of the present study identified that XAV939 inhibited the viability of NCI-H446 cells in a dose-dependent manner, but cisplatin inhibited NCI-H446 cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The combination of XAV939 and cisplatin exhibited a slightly more pronounced inhibition of cell viability at an increased dose of XAV939. In addition, XAV939 markedly induced cell apoptosis of the SCLC cell line H446 by increasing the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase, leading to inhibition of the cell cycle. The results of the present study indicated that XAV939 inhibited the viability of the NCI-H446 SCLC cell line by inducing cell apoptosis through the Wnt signaling pathway. Therefore, XAV939 may be useful for the treatment of SCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhen Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Vaz M, Hwang SY, Kagiampakis I, Phallen J, Patil A, O'Hagan HM, Murphy L, Zahnow CA, Gabrielson E, Velculescu VE, Easwaran HP, Baylin SB. Chronic Cigarette Smoke-Induced Epigenomic Changes Precede Sensitization of Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Single-Step Transformation by KRAS Mutations. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:360-376.e6. [PMID: 28898697 PMCID: PMC5596892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We define how chronic cigarette smoke-induced time-dependent epigenetic alterations can sensitize human bronchial epithelial cells for transformation by a single oncogene. The smoke-induced chromatin changes include initial repressive polycomb marking of genes, later manifesting abnormal DNA methylation by 10 months. At this time, cells exhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal changes, anchorage-independent growth, and upregulated RAS/MAPK signaling with silencing of hypermethylated genes, which normally inhibit these pathways and are associated with smoking-related non-small cell lung cancer. These cells, in the absence of any driver gene mutations, now transform by introducing a single KRAS mutation and form adenosquamous lung carcinomas in mice. Thus, epigenetic abnormalities may prime for changing oncogene senescence to addiction for a single key oncogene involved in lung cancer initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Vaz
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephen Y Hwang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ioannis Kagiampakis
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jillian Phallen
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ashwini Patil
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lauren Murphy
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia A Zahnow
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hariharan P Easwaran
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Rapp J, Jaromi L, Kvell K, Miskei G, Pongracz JE. WNT signaling - lung cancer is no exception. Respir Res 2017; 18:167. [PMID: 28870231 PMCID: PMC5584342 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of the oncogenic activity of WNT ligands our understanding of the complex roles for WNT signaling pathways in lung cancers has increased substantially. In the current review, the various effects of activation and inhibition of the WNT signaling pathways are summarized in the context of lung carcinogenesis. Recent evidence regarding WNT ligand transport mechanisms, the role of WNT signaling in lung cancer angiogenesis and drug transporter regulation and the importance of microRNA and posttranscriptional regulation of WNT signaling are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Rapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Luca Jaromi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Miskei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E. Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Maheshwari S, Avula SR, Singh A, Singh LR, Palnati GR, Arya RK, Cheruvu SH, Shahi S, Sharma T, Meena S, Singh AK, Kant R, Riyazuddin M, Bora HK, Siddiqi MI, Gayen JR, Sashidhara KV, Datta D. Discovery of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor that Targets PP2A-β-Catenin Signaling and Restricts Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1791-1805. [PMID: 28500231 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular hybridization of different pharmacophores to tackle both tumor growth and metastasis by a single molecular entity can be very effective and unique if the hybrid product shows drug-like properties. Here, we report synthesis and discovery of a novel small-molecule inhibitor of PP2A-β-catenin signaling that limits both in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Our molecular hybridization approach resulted in cancer cell selectivity and improved drug-like properties of the molecule. Inhibiting PP2A and β-catenin interaction by selectively engaging PR55α-binding site, our most potent small-molecule inhibitor diminished the expression of active β-catenin and its target proteins c-Myc and Cyclin D1. Furthermore, it promotes robust E-cadherin upregulation on the cell surface and increases β-catenin-E-Cadherin association, which may prevent dissemination of metastatic cells. Altogether, we report synthesis and mechanistic insight of a novel drug-like molecule to differentially target β-catenin functionality via interacting with a particular subunit of PP2A. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1791-805. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrankhla Maheshwari
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Akhilesh Singh
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - L Ravithej Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Gopala R Palnati
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh K Arya
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | | | - Sudhir Shahi
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Tanuj Sharma
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Meena
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Anup K Singh
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Mohammad I Siddiqi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.,Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India. .,Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Biochemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Tammela T, Sanchez-Rivera FJ, Cetinbas NM, Wu K, Joshi NS, Helenius K, Park Y, Azimi R, Kerper NR, Wesselhoeft RA, Gu X, Schmidt L, Cornwall-Brady M, Yilmaz ÖH, Xue W, Katajisto P, Bhutkar A, Jacks T. A Wnt-producing niche drives proliferative potential and progression in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature 2017; 545:355-359. [PMID: 28489818 PMCID: PMC5903678 DOI: 10.1038/nature22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of cellular states in cancer has been linked to drug resistance, cancer progression and presence of cancer cells with properties of normal tissue stem cells1,2. Secreted Wnt signals maintain stem cells in various epithelial tissues, including in lung development and regeneration3–5. Here we report that murine and human lung adenocarcinomas display hierarchical features with two distinct subpopulations, one with high Wnt signaling activity and another forming a niche that provides the Wnt ligand. The Wnt responder cells showed increased tumour propagation ability, suggesting that they have features of normal tissue stem cells. Genetic perturbation of Wnt production or signaling suppressed tumour progression. Small molecule inhibitors targeting essential post-translational modification of Wnt reduced tumour growth and dramatically decreased proliferative potential of the lung cancer cells, leading to improved survival of tumour-bearing mice. These results indicate that strategies for disrupting pathways that maintain stem-like and niche cell phenotypes can translate into effective anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Tammela
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Naniye Malli Cetinbas
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Katherine Wu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Katja Helenius
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Yoona Park
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Roxana Azimi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Natanya R Kerper
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - R Alexander Wesselhoeft
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Xin Gu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Leah Schmidt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Milton Cornwall-Brady
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,RNA Therapeutics Institute, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Cho J, Kim SY, Kim YJ, Sim MH, Kim ST, Kim NKD, Kim K, Park W, Kim JH, Jang KT, Lee J. Emergence of CTNNB1 mutation at acquired resistance to KIT inhibitor in metastatic melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1247-1252. [PMID: 28421416 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The KIT inhibitor, imatinib, has shown promising efficacy in patients with KIT-mutated melanoma; however, acquisition of resistance to imatinib occurs rapidly in the majority of patients. The mechanisms of acquired resistance to imatinib in melanoma remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed biopsy samples from paired baseline and post-treatment tumor lesions in one patient with KIT-mutated melanoma who had had an initial objective tumor regression in response to imatinib treatment followed by disease progression 8 months later. RESULTS Targeted deep sequencing from post-treatment biopsy samples detected an additional mutation in CTNNB1 (S33C) with original KIT L576P mutation. We examined the functional role of the additional CTNNB1 S33C mutation in resistance to imatinib indirectly using the Ba/F3 cell model. Ba/F3 cell lines transfected with both the L576P KIT mutation and the CTNNB1 S33C mutation demonstrated no growth inhibition despite imatinib treatment, whereas growth inhibition was observed in the Ba/F3 cell line transfected with the L576 KIT mutation alone. CONCLUSIONS We report the first identification of the emergence of a CTNNB1 mutation that can confer acquired resistance to imatinib. Further investigation into the causes of acquired resistance to imatinib will be essential to improve the prognosis for patients with KIT-mutated melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - S Y Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Y J Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - M H Sim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - S T Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - N K D Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - W Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-T Jang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Jin J, Zhan P, Katoh M, Kobayashi SS, Phan K, Qian H, Li H, Wang X, Wang X, Song Y. Prognostic significance of β-catenin expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2017; 6:97-108. [PMID: 28331830 PMCID: PMC5344847 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2017.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-catenin is a key component of the canonical Wnt pathway, which plays pivotal roles in malignant transformation and cancer progression. Several studies have reported the clinical significance of the expression level of β-catenin in different subcellular locations. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of β-catenin expression patterns in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify all articles referring to the association between β-catenin expression level and outcomes of patients of NSCLC up to November 2016. We included eligible studies to summarize the extracted data in terms of pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS A total of 24 studies published between 2000 and 2016 were eligible for this meta-analysis. The total number of patients with NSCLC included was 2,807. Pooled HRs and 95% CIs suggested that positive β-catenin expression in membrane was associated with higher survival rates (HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.87), whereas β-catenin expression in cytoplasm and nucleus had unfavorable impacts on survival rates with HR of 1.63 (95% CI: 1.34-1.99) and HR of 3.15 (95% CI: 1.97-5.05), respectively. But, there was no significant association between β-catenin expression in abnormal pattern with prognosis (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.61-3.15). Publication bias was absent in all of the four outcomes. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results of this meta-analysis were robust. CONCLUSIONS Reduced membranous β-catenin, positive expression of cytoplasmic or nuclear β-catenin is all correlated with poor prognosis, although we did not identify a significant association between abnormal β-catenin expression and clinical outcome of NSCLC patients. The meta-analysis suggested that membranous, cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin all could serve as an important prognosticator for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 1040045, Japan
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02215, USA
| | - Kevin Phan
- The Collaborative Research (CORE) Group, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
Wnt (Wingless-related integration site)-signaling orchestrates self-renewal programs in normal somatic stem cells as well as in cancer stem cells. Aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with a wide variety of malignancies and diseases. Although our understanding has increased tremendously over the past decade, therapeutic targeting of the dysregulated Wnt pathway remains a challenge. Here we review recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to target the Wnt pathway.
Collapse
|
67
|
Jiang N, Cui Y, Liu J, Zhu X, Wu H, Yang Z, Ke Z. Multidimensional Roles of Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 (CTHRC1) in Malignant Cancers. J Cancer 2016; 7:2213-2220. [PMID: 27994657 PMCID: PMC5166530 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor is one of the principal diseases that seriously threaten human health. Insight into sensitive cancer markers may open a new avenue for the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. CTHRC1 has been identified as a cancer-related gene. It is a secretory glycoprotein that possesses multidimensional roles associated with wound repair, bone remodeling, hepatocytes fibrosis, adipose tissue formation, and so on. Our previous studies and numerous reports from other researchers have revealed that the ascended expression of CTHRC1 tends to go hand in hand with tumorigenesis, proliferation, invasion and metastasis in various human malignancies through a series of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. However, the detailed pathogenic mechanisms of CTHRC1 overexpression in human malignant cancers are not yet clear. Here, we shall focus our description on the functions, expression profile in several representative malignant tumors and a number of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved with CTHRC1. This introductory discussion of CTHRC1 will serve as a reference for further research in understanding this intriguing cancer-related protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - YongMei Cui
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - JunXiu Liu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - XiaoLin Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - ZunFu Ke
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Hou M, Cheng Z, Shen H, He S, Li Y, Pan Y, Feng C, Chen X, Zhang Y, Lin M, Wang L, Ke Z. High expression of CTHRC1 promotes EMT of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35813-29. [PMID: 26452130 PMCID: PMC4742143 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1) is aberrantly overexpressed in multiple malignant tumors. However, the expression characteristics and function of CTHRC1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain unclear. We found that CTHRC1 expression was up-regulated in the paraffin-embedded EOC tissues compared to borderline or benign tumor tissues. CTHRC1 expression was positively correlated with tumor size (p = 0.008), menopause (p = 0.037), clinical stage (p = 0.002) and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and was also an important prognostic factor for the overall survival of EOC patients, as revealed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. CTHRC1 increased the invasive capabilities of EOC cells in vitro by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We showed that ectopic transfection of CTHRC1 in EOC cells up-regulated the expression of EMT markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin, and EMT-associated transcriptional factor Snail. Knockdown of CTHRC1 expression in EOC cells resulted in down-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and translocation of β-catenin. Collectively, CTHRC1 may promote EOC metastasis through the induction of EMT process and serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis as well as a target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Hou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shanyang He
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yunping Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chongjin Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Millicent Lin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
McCubrey JA, Rakus D, Gizak A, Steelman LS, Abrams SL, Lertpiriyapong K, Fitzgerald TL, Yang LV, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Nicoletti F, Scalisi A, Torino F, Fenga C, Neri LM, Marmiroli S, Cocco L, Martelli AM. Effects of mutations in Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and PI3K pathways on GSK-3 activity-Diverse effects on cell growth, metabolism and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2942-2976. [PMID: 27612668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in an array of critical cellular processes. GSK-3 was first characterized as an enzyme that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. However, subsequent studies have revealed that this moon-lighting protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that regulate not only metabolism but also have roles in: apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell renewal, differentiation, embryogenesis, migration, regulation of gene transcription, stem cell biology and survival. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in various diseases as well as how this pivotal kinase interacts with multiple signaling pathways such as: PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, Wnt/beta-catenin, hedgehog, Notch and TP53. Mutations that occur in these and other pathways can alter the effects that natural GSK-3 activity has on regulating these signaling circuits that can lead to cancer as well as other diseases. The novel roles that microRNAs play in regulation of the effects of GSK-3 will also be evaluated. Targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways may improve therapy and overcome therapeutic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dariusz Rakus
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Department of Animal Molecular Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Linda S Steelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Steve L Abrams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kvin Lertpiriyapong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Li V Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Section, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Aurora Scalisi
- Unit of Oncologic Diseases, ASP-Catania, Catania 95100, Italy
| | - Francesco Torino
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Medical Oncology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section - Policlinico "G. Martino" - University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Kim M, Suh YA, Oh JH, Lee BR, Kim J, Jang SJ. KIF3A binds to β-arrestin for suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signalling independently of primary cilia in lung cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32770. [PMID: 27596264 PMCID: PMC5011747 DOI: 10.1038/srep32770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling is implicated in the progression of several human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, mutations in Wnt/β-catenin pathway components are uncommon in NSCLC, and their epigenetic control remains unclear. Here, we show that KIF3A, a member of the kinesin-2 family, plays a role in suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signalling in NSCLC cells. KIF3A knockdown increases both β-catenin levels and transcriptional activity with concomitant promotion of malignant potential, such as increased proliferation and migration and upregulation of stemness markers. Because KIF3A binds β-arrestin, KIF3A depletion allows β-arrestin to form a complex with DVL2 and axin, stabilizing β-catenin. Although primary cilia, whose biogenesis requires KIF3A, are thought to restrain the Wnt response, pharmacological inhibition of ciliogenesis failed to increase β-catenin activity in NSCLC cells. A correlation between KIF3A loss and a poorer NSCLC prognosis as well as β-catenin and cyclin D1 upregulation further suggests that KIF3A suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signalling and tumourigenesis in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsuh Kim
- Biomedical science and engineering interdisciplinary program, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ah Suh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Ra Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Biomedical science and engineering interdisciplinary program, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Jang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Hsu TI, Chen YJ, Hung CY, Wang YC, Lin SJ, Su WC, Lai MD, Kim SY, Wang Q, Qian K, Goto M, Zhao Y, Kashiwada Y, Lee KH, Chang WC, Hung JJ. A novel derivative of betulinic acid, SYK023, suppresses lung cancer growth and malignancy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13671-87. [PMID: 25909174 PMCID: PMC4537041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect and molecular mechanisms of a novel betulinic acid (BA) derivative, SYK023, by using two mouse models of lung cancer driven by KrasG12D or EGFRL858R. We found that SYK023 inhibits lung tumor proliferation, without side effects in vivo or cytotoxicity in primary lung cells in vitro. SYK023 triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Blockage of ER stress in SYK023-treated cells inhibited SYK023-induced apoptosis. In addition, we found that the expression of cell cycle-related genes, including cyclin A2, B1, D3, CDC25a, and CDC25b decreased but, while those of p15INK4b, p16INK4a, and p21CIP1 increased following SYK023 treatment. Finally, low doses of SYK023 significantly decreased lung cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Expression of several genes related to cell migration, including synaptopodin, were downregulated by SYK023, thereby impairing F-actin polymerization and metastasis. Therefore, SYK023 may be a potentially therapeutic treatment for metastatic lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-I Hsu
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Hung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoshiki Kashiwada
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Center for Infection Disease and Signal Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ustiyan V, Zhang Y, Perl AKT, Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. β-catenin and Kras/Foxm1 signaling pathway are critical to restrict Sox9 in basal cells during pulmonary branching morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:590-604. [PMID: 26869074 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung morphogenesis is regulated by interactions between the canonical Wnt/β-catenin and Kras/ERK/Foxm1 signaling pathways that establish proximal-peripheral patterning of lung tubules. How these interactions influence the development of respiratory epithelial progenitors to acquire airway as compared to alveolar epithelial cell fate is unknown. During branching morphogenesis, SOX9 transcription factor is normally restricted from conducting airway epithelial cells and is highly expressed in peripheral, acinar progenitor cells that serve as precursors of alveolar type 2 (AT2) and AT1 cells as the lung matures. RESULTS To identify signaling pathways that determine proximal-peripheral cell fate decisions, we used the SFTPC gene promoter to delete or overexpress key members of Wnt/β-catenin and Kras/ERK/Foxm1 pathways in fetal respiratory epithelial progenitor cells. Activation of β-catenin enhanced SOX9 expression in peripheral epithelial progenitors, whereas deletion of β-catenin inhibited SOX9. Surprisingly, deletion of β-catenin caused accumulation of atypical SOX9-positive basal cells in conducting airways. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Kras(G12D) or its downstream target Foxm1 stimulated SOX9 expression in basal cells. Genetic inactivation of Foxm1 from Kras(G12D) -expressing epithelial cells prevented the accumulation of SOX9-positive basal cells in developing airways. CONCLUSIONS Interactions between the Wnt/β-catenin and the Kras/ERK/Foxm1 pathways are essential to restrict SOX9 expression in basal cells. Developmental Dynamics 245:590-604, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ustiyan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anne-Karina T Perl
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Fang B. RAS signaling and anti-RAS therapy: lessons learned from genetically engineered mouse models, human cancer cells, and patient-related studies. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:27-38. [PMID: 26350096 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations of oncogenic RAS genes are frequently detected in human cancers. The studies in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) reveal that Kras-activating mutations predispose mice to early onset tumors in the lung, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. Nevertheless, most of these tumors do not have metastatic phenotypes. Metastasis occurs when tumors acquire additional genetic changes in other cancer driver genes. Studies on clinical specimens also demonstrated that KRAS mutations are present in premalignant tissues and that most of KRAS mutant human cancers have co-mutations in other cancer driver genes, including TP53, STK11, CDKN2A, and KMT2C in lung cancer; APC, TP53, and PIK3CA in colon cancer; and TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and MED12 in pancreatic cancer. Extensive efforts have been devoted to develop therapeutic agents that target enzymes involved in RAS posttranslational modifications, that inhibit downstream effectors of RAS signaling pathways, and that kill RAS mutant cancer cells through synthetic lethality. Recent clinical studies have revealed that sorafenib, a pan-RAF and VEGFR inhibitor, has impressive benefits for KRAS mutant lung cancer patients. Combination therapy of MEK inhibitors with either docetaxel, AKT inhibitors, or PI3K inhibitors also led to improved clinical responses in some KRAS mutant cancer patients. This review discusses knowledge gained from GEMMs, human cancer cells, and patient-related studies on RAS-mediated tumorigenesis and anti-RAS therapy. Emerging evidence demonstrates that RAS mutant cancers are heterogeneous because of the presence of different mutant alleles and/or co-mutations in other cancer driver genes. Effective subclassifications of RAS mutant cancers may be necessary to improve patients' outcomes through personalized precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Green S, Trejo CL, McMahon M. PIK3CA(H1047R) Accelerates and Enhances KRAS(G12D)-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5378-91. [PMID: 26567140 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
KRAS-activating mutations drive human non-small cell lung cancer and initiate lung tumorigenesis in genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models. However, in a GEM model of KRAS(G12D)-induced lung cancer, tumors arise stochastically following a latency period, suggesting that additional events are required to promote early-stage tumorigenic expansion of KRAS(G12D)-mutated cells. PI3Kα (PIK3CA) is a direct effector of KRAS, but additional activation of PI3'-lipid signaling may be required to potentiate KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis. Using GEM models, we tested whether PI3'-lipid signaling was limiting for the promotion of KRAS(G12D)-driven lung tumors by inducing the expression of KRAS(G12D) in the absence and presence of the activating PIK3CA(H1047R) mutation. PIK3CA(H1047R) expression alone failed to promote tumor formation, but dramatically enhanced tumorigenesis initiated by KRAS(G12D). We further observed that oncogenic cooperation between KRAS(G12D) and PIK3CA(H1047R) was accompanied by PI3Kα-mediated regulation of c-MYC, GSK3β, p27(KIP1), survivin, and components of the RB pathway, resulting in accelerated cell division of human or mouse lung cancer-derived cell lines. These data suggest that, although KRAS(G12D) may activate PI3Kα by direct biochemical mechanisms, PI3'-lipid signaling remains rate-limiting for the cell-cycle progression and expansion of early-stage KRAS(G12D)-initiated lung cells. Therefore, we provide a potential mechanistic rationale for the selection of KRAS and PIK3CA coactivating mutations in a number of human malignancies, with implications for the clinical deployment of PI3' kinase-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shon Green
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christy L Trejo
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Martin McMahon
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Hadjimichael C, Chanoumidou K, Papadopoulou N, Arampatzi P, Papamatheakis J, Kretsovali A. Common stemness regulators of embryonic and cancer stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1150-1184. [PMID: 26516408 PMCID: PMC4620423 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i9.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells is regulated by a well characterized gene transcription circuitry. The circuitry is assembled by ESC specific transcription factors, signal transducing molecules and epigenetic regulators. Growing understanding of stem-like cells, albeit of more complex phenotypes, present in tumors (cancer stem cells), provides a common conceptual and research framework for basic and applied stem cell biology. In this review, we highlight current results on biomarkers, gene signatures, signaling pathways and epigenetic regulators that are common in embryonic and cancer stem cells. We discuss their role in determining the cell phenotype and finally, their potential use to design next generation biological and pharmaceutical approaches for regenerative medicine and cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
76
|
Tai D, Wells K, Arcaroli J, Vanderbilt C, Aisner DL, Messersmith WA, Lieu CH. Targeting the WNT Signaling Pathway in Cancer Therapeutics. Oncologist 2015; 20:1189-98. [PMID: 26306903 PMCID: PMC4591954 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling cascade is integral in numerous biological processes including embryonic development, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and cancer. Hyperactivation of WNT signaling secondary to alterations to varying nodes of the pathway have been identified in multiple tumor types. These alterations converge into increased tumorigenicity, sustained proliferation, and enhanced metastatic potential. This review seeks to evaluate the evidence supporting the WNT pathway in cancer, the therapeutic strategies in modulating this pathway, and potential challenges in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Tai
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keith Wells
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John Arcaroli
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Chad Vanderbilt
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dara L Aisner
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Wells A Messersmith
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher H Lieu
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Medical Oncology and Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Xu Y, Lu S. Role of WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 1 in etoposide resistance in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:14962-14968. [PMID: 26628978 PMCID: PMC4658867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT The aim of this study was to explore the role of WNT1-inducible-signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP-1) in etoposide resistance in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. METHODS WISP-1 overexpression A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell was established. After exposure to ultraviolet (UV) and etoposide, cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated. Moreover, western-blot was employed to examine the expression of apoptotic pathway proteins. In addition, a nude mice tumor model was established to examine the effect of WISP-1 overexpression in vivo and TUNEL staining was used to assess cell apoptosis of tumor tissue. RESULTS WISP-1 overexpression significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis after treatment with UV and etoposide. Decreased expression of Bad and Bax and increased expression of Bcl-2 was found after etoposide treatment in WISP-1 overexpressed cells. A significantly increasing of tumor volume in WISP-1 overexpressed group was found and TUNEL staining revealed that decreased cell apoptosis in WISP-1 overexpressed group. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that WISP-1 may have a facilitating role in etoposide resistance through increasing cell viability and decreasing cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Wei Q, Chen ZH, Wang L, Zhang T, Duan L, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Minna JD, Gao B, Luo JH, Liu ZP. LZTFL1 suppresses lung tumorigenesis by maintaining differentiation of lung epithelial cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:2655-63. [PMID: 26364604 PMCID: PMC4791215 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and metastatic behavior is largely responsible for this mortality. Mutations in multiple ‘driver' oncogenes and tumor suppressors are known to contribute to the lung tumorigenesis and in some cases represent therapeutic targets. Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor-like 1 (LZTFL1) is located in the chromosome region 3p21.3 where allelic loss and genetic alterations occur early and frequently in lung cancers. Previously, we found that LZTFL1 is downregulated in epithelial tumors, including lung cancer, and functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancers. However, the functional role of LZTFL1 in lung oncogenesis is undefined. We show here that downregulation of LZTFL1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with recurrence and poor survival, whereas re-expression of LZTFL1 in lung tumor cells inhibited extravasation/colonization of circulating tumor cells to the lung and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that LZTFL1 is expressed in ciliated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and its expression correlates with HBEC differentiation. LZTFL1 inhibits transforming growth factor β-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and hedgehog signaling. Alteration of intracellular levels of LZTFL1 resulted in changes of expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We conclude that LZTFL1 inhibits lung tumorigenesis, possibly by maintaining epithelial cell differentiation and/or inhibition of signalings that lead to EMT and suggest that reactivation of LZTFL1 expression in tumor cells may be a novel lung cancer therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z-H Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Behrens
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - I I Wistuba
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J D Minna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - B Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J-H Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z P Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Wang Y, Jiang W, Liu X, Zhang Y. Tankyrase 1 polymorphism associated with an increased risk in developing non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese population: a proof-of-principle study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:10500-10511. [PMID: 26617760 PMCID: PMC4637575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tankyrase 1 (TNKS1), a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulates telomere length and apoptosis in cells, overexpression of which occurred in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated TNKS1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with a risk in NSCLC development in a Chinese population. METHODS NSCLC cases and healthy controls of 500 each were recruited for genotyping of 24 TNKS1 SNPs. The association between genotype and NSCLC risk was evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses. Haploview software was to analyze association between haplotypes and NSCLC risk. RESULTS TNKS1 rs6601328 A allele was associated with a lower risk in developing NSCLC and adenocarcinoma (ADC) (OR=0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.99 and OR=0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99), whereas TNKS1 rs11991621 C allele (OR=1.44; 95% CI, 1.03-2.03), rs11991621 C/C (OR=1.44, 95% CI, 1.03-2.35; P=0.03), and rs10503380 G/G (OR= 1.56, 95% CI, 1.09-2.50, P=0.02) were associated with a higher risk in developing NSCLC or ADC in females and rs6601328 A/A major allele (OR=1.39; 95% CI, 1.00-1.92; P=0.047) and rs7015700 G/G (OR= 1.51, 95% CI, 1.04-2.21) was associated with an increased NSCLC or ADC risk in males but a reduced NSCLC risk (OR=0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.96) and ADC risk (OR=0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97) in females. Haploview showed that there were three Haplotype Blocks associated with NSCLC risk. However, TNKS1 rs12541709 C/C was associated with protective effect against ADC (OR=0.75; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P=0.04) in this Chinese population. CONCLUSION TNKS1 SNPs (rs11991621 rs10503380, and rs7015700) were associated with NSCLC risk, whereas rs6601328 and rs12541709 inversely associated with NSCLC or ADC risk in this Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaogu Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Durham AL, Adcock IM. The relationship between COPD and lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2015; 90:121-7. [PMID: 26363803 PMCID: PMC4718929 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer beyond their shared aetiology. Both are driven by oxidative stress. Both are linked to cellular aging, senescence and telomere shortening. Both have been linked to genetic predisposition. Both show altered epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
Both COPD and lung cancer are major worldwide health concerns owing to cigarette smoking, and represent a huge, worldwide, preventable disease burden. Whilst the majority of smokers will not develop either COPD or lung cancer, they are closely related diseases, occurring as co-morbidities at a higher rate than if they were independently triggered by smoking. Lung cancer and COPD may be different aspects of the same disease, with the same underlying predispositions, whether this is an underlying genetic predisposition, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction or premature aging. In the majority of smokers, the burden of smoking may be dealt with by the body’s defense mechanisms: anti-oxidants such as superoxide dismutases, anti-proteases and DNA repair mechanisms. However, in the case of both diseases these fail, leading to cancer if mutations occur or COPD if damage to the cell and proteins becomes too great. Alternatively COPD could be a driving factor in lung cancer, by increasing oxidative stress and the resulting DNA damage, chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, repression of the DNA repair mechanisms and increased cellular proliferation. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these processes in primary cells from patients with these diseases along with better disease models is essential for the development of new treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Durham
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK.
| | - I M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Botting GM, Rastogi I, Chhabra G, Nlend M, Puri N. Mechanism of Resistance and Novel Targets Mediating Resistance to EGFR and c-Met Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136155. [PMID: 26301867 PMCID: PMC4547756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against EGFR and c-Met are initially effective when administered individually or in combination to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the overall efficacies of TKIs are limited due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of EGFR and c-Met TKI resistance in order to develop more effective therapies. Model NSCLC cell lines H1975 and H2170 were used to study the similarities and differences in mechanisms of EGFR/c-Met TKI resistance. H1975 cells are positive for the T790M EGFR mutation, which confers resistance to current EGFR TKI therapies, while H2170 cells are EGFR wild-type. Previously, H2170 cells were made resistant to the EGFR TKI erlotinib and the c-Met TKI SU11274 by exposure to progressively increasing concentrations of TKIs. In H2170 and H1975 TKI-resistant cells, key Wnt and mTOR proteins were found to be differentially modulated. Wnt signaling transducer, active β-catenin was upregulated in TKI-resistant H2170 cells when compared to parental cells. GATA-6, a transcriptional activator of Wnt, was also found to be upregulated in resistant H2170 cells. In H2170 erlotinib resistant cells, upregulation of inactive GSK3β (p-GSK3β) was observed, indicating activation of Wnt and mTOR pathways which are otherwise inhibited by its active form. However, in H1975 cells, Wnt modulators such as active β-catenin, GATA-6 and p-GSK3β were downregulated. Additional results from MTT cell viability assays demonstrated that H1975 cell proliferation was not significantly decreased after Wnt inhibition by XAV939, but combination treatment with everolimus (mTOR inhibitor) and erlotinib resulted in synergistic cell growth inhibition. Thus, in H2170 cells and H1975 cells, simultaneous inhibition of key Wnt or mTOR pathway proteins in addition to EGFR and c-Met may be a promising strategy for overcoming EGFR and c-Met TKI resistance in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Botting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ichwaku Rastogi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marie Nlend
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Ke Z, He W, Lai Y, Guo X, Chen S, Li S, Wang Y, Wang L. Overexpression of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis in human non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9410-24. [PMID: 25238260 PMCID: PMC4253443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1), a novel oncogene, was identified to be aberrantly overexpressed in several malignant tumors. However, the expression profile of CTHRC1 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. In this study, we showed that CTHRC1 was evidently overexpressed in human NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cell lines at the protein and mRNA level. Ectopic up-regulation of CTHRC1 in cancer cells resulted in elevated invasive and proliferative abilities, which were attenuated by the specific CTHRC1 siRNA. The biological effect of CTHRC1 on metastasis and proliferation was mediated by the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, CTHRC1 immunoreactivity was evidently overexpressed in paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues (212/292, 72.60%) in comparison to corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues (6/66, 9.09%) (p<0.001). Clinicopathologic analysis showed that CTHRC1 expression was significantly correlated with differentiation degree (p<0.001), clinical stage (p<0.001), T classification (p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.013) and distant metastasis (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high CTHRC1 expression had poorer overall survival rates than those with low CTHRC1 expression. Multivariate analysis indicated that CTHRC1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of NSCLC patients. Collectively, CTHRC1 plays important roles in NSCLC progression, and the evaluation of CTHRC1 expression could serve as a potential marker for metastasis progression and prognosis in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Weiling He
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuanhui Lai
- Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Sixth Affliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655
| | - Sharon Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770 (USA)
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Province Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Abstract
The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents an important milestone in the understanding of chemodrug resistance and cancer recurrence. More specifically, some studies have suggested that potential metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) might be present within small CSC populations. The targeting and eradication of these cells represents a potential strategy for significantly improving clinical outcomes. A number of studies have suggested that dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling occurs in human breast cancer. Consistent with these findings, our previous data have shown that the relative level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is significantly higher than that in bulk cancer cells. These results suggest that BCSCs could be sensitive to therapeutic approaches targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this context, abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity may be an important clinical feature of breast cancer and a predictor of poor survival. We therefore hypothesized that Wnt/β-catenin signaling might regulate self-renewal and CSC migration, thereby enabling metastasis and systemic tumor dissemination in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling on cancer cell migratory potential by examining the expression of CSC-related genes, and we examined how this pathway links metastatic potential with tumor formation in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
84
|
Wang Y, Jiang W, Liu X, Zhang Y. Tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) polymorphism associated with risk in developing non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese population. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:766-71. [PMID: 26293798 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase Tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a Han Chinese population. METHODS Five-hundred NSCLC cases and 500 healthy controls were genotyped for four TNKS2 tagging SNPs (rs1538833, rs1538833, rs1340420, and rs1340420). The association between genotype and NSCLC risk was evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Individual alleles of the four TNKS2 SNPs were not associated with NSCLC risk in the studied Chinese population. However, patients carrying TNKS2 rs1340420 G/G and A/G genotypes were associated with a lower risk of developing NSCLC and adenocarcinoma (OR=0.14; 95% CI=0.02-1.15 and OR=0.11; 95% CI=0.03-0.91, respectively), whereas females patients homozygous for the TNKS2 rs1770474 T allele, a rare type, were associated with a higher risk of developing squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) (OR=4.67; 95% CI=0.87-25.01). CONCLUSION TNKS2 rs1340420 SNP was associated with lower NSCLC risk, whereas rs1770474 SNP was associated with higher SCC risk, suggesting that these two SNPs may be useful predictors of risk of developing NSCLC and SCC in this Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaogu Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Melotti A, Mas C, Kuciak M, Lorente-Trigos A, Borges I, Ruiz i Altaba A. The river blindness drug Ivermectin and related macrocyclic lactones inhibit WNT-TCF pathway responses in human cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2015; 6:1263-78. [PMID: 25143352 PMCID: PMC4287931 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of canonical WNT-TCF signaling is implicated in multiple diseases, including intestine and lung cancers, but there are no WNT-TCF antagonists in clinical use. We have performed a repositioning screen for WNT-TCF response blockers aiming to recapitulate the genetic blockade afforded by dominant-negative TCF. We report that Ivermectin inhibits the expression of WNT-TCF targets, mimicking dnTCF, and that its low concentration effects are rescued by direct activation by TCF(VP16). Ivermectin inhibits the proliferation and increases apoptosis of various human cancer types. It represses the levels of C-terminal β-CATENIN phosphoforms and of CYCLIN D1 in an okadaic acid-sensitive manner, indicating its action involves protein phosphatases. In vivo, Ivermectin selectively inhibits TCF-dependent, but not TCF-independent, xenograft growth without obvious side effects. Analysis of single semi-synthetic derivatives highlights Selamectin, urging its clinical testing and the exploration of the macrocyclic lactone chemical space. Given that Ivermectin is a safe anti-parasitic agent used by > 200 million people against river blindness, our results suggest its additional use as a therapeutic WNT-TCF pathway response blocker to treat WNT-TCF-dependent diseases including multiple cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Melotti
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Mas
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Monika Kuciak
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aiala Lorente-Trigos
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Borges
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ariel Ruiz i Altaba
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Zandvakili I, Davis AK, Hu G, Zheng Y. Loss of RhoA Exacerbates, Rather Than Dampens, Oncogenic K-Ras Induced Lung Adenoma Formation in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127923. [PMID: 26030593 PMCID: PMC4452309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous cellular studies have indicated that RhoA signaling is required for oncogenic Ras-induced transformation, suggesting that RhoA is a useful target in Ras induced neoplasia. However, to date very limited data exist to genetically attribute RhoA function to Ras-mediated tumorigenesis in mammalian models. In order to assess whether RhoA is required for K-Ras-induced lung cancer initiation, we utilized the K-RasG12D Lox-Stop-Lox murine lung cancer model in combination with a conditional RhoAflox/flox and RhoC-/- knockout mouse models. Deletion of the floxed Rhoa gene and expression of K-RasG12D was achieved by either CCSP-Cre or adenoviral Cre, resulting in simultaneous expression of K-RasG12D and deletion of RhoA from the murine lung. We found that deletion of RhoA, RhoC or both did not adversely affect normal lung development. Moreover, we found that deletion of either RhoA or RhoC alone did not suppress K-RasG12D induced lung adenoma initiation. Rather, deletion of RhoA alone exacerbated lung adenoma formation, whereas dual deletion of RhoA and RhoC together significantly reduced K-RasG12D induced adenoma formation. Deletion of RhoA appears to induce a compensatory mechanism that exacerbates adenoma formation. The compensatory mechanism is at least partly mediated by RhoC. This study suggests that targeting of RhoA alone may allow for compensation and a paradoxical exacerbation of neoplasia, while simultaneous targeting of both RhoA and RhoC is likely to lead to more favorable outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inuk Zandvakili
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Medical-Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashley Kuenzi Davis
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Guodong Hu
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yi Zheng
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Medical-Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Cheung WKC, Nguyen DX. Lineage factors and differentiation states in lung cancer progression. Oncogene 2015; 34:5771-80. [PMID: 25823023 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies. Here we discuss how the remarkable diversity of major lung cancer subtypes is manifested in their transforming cell of origin, oncogenic dependencies, phenotypic plasticity, metastatic competence and response to therapy. More specifically, we review the increasing evidence that links this biological heterogeneity to the deregulation of cell lineage-specific pathways and the transcription factors that ultimately control them. As determinants of pulmonary epithelial differentiation, these poorly characterized transcriptional networks may underlie the etiology and biological progression of distinct lung cancers, while providing insight into innovative therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W K C Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D X Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Tanaka K, Kumano K, Ueno H. Intracellular signals of lung cancer cells as possible therapeutic targets. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:489-96. [PMID: 25707772 PMCID: PMC4452148 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several molecularly targeted therapies have been developed as part of lung cancer treatment; they have produced dramatically good results. However, among the many oncogenes that have been identified to be involved in the development of lung cancers, a number of oncogenes are not covered by these advanced therapies. For the treatment of lung cancers, which is a group of heterogeneous diseases, persistent effort in developing individual therapies based on the respective causal genes is important. In addition, for the development of a novel therapy, identification of the lung epithelial stem cells and the origin cells of lung cancer, and understanding about candidate cancer stem cells in lung cancer tissues, their intracellular signaling pathways, and the mechanism of dysregulation of the pathways in cancer cells are extremely important. However, the development of drug resistance by cancer cells, despite the use of molecularly targeted drugs for the causal genes, thus obstructing treatment, is a well-known phenomenon. In this article, we discuss major causal genes of lung cancers and intracellular signaling pathways involving those genes, and review studies on origin and stem cells of lung cancers, as well as the possibility of developing molecularly targeted therapies based on these studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomichi Tanaka
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Keiki Kumano
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Zhang X, Lou Y, Wang H, Zheng X, Dong Q, Sun J, Han B. Wnt signaling regulates the stemness of lung cancer stem cells and its inhibitors exert anticancer effect on lung cancer SPC-A1 cells. Med Oncol 2015; 32:95. [PMID: 25731617 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in regulating the activity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a variety of cancers. In this study, we explored the role of Wnt signaling in the lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs). LCSCs were obtained by sphere culture, for which human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A1 was treated with IGF, EGF and FGF-10. The stemness of LCSCs was confirmed by immunofluorescence, and pathway analysis was performed by functional genome screening and RT-PCR. The relationship between the identified signaling pathway and the expression of the stemness genes was explored by agonist/antagonist assay. Moreover, the effects of different signaling molecule inhibitors on sphere formation, cell viability and colony formation were also analyzed. The results showed that LCSCs were successfully generated as they expressed pluripotent stem cell markers Nanog and Oct 4, and lung distal epithelial markers CCSP and SP-C, by which the phenotype characterization of stem cells can be confirmed. The involvement of Wnt pathway in LCSCs was identified by functional genome screening and verified by RT-PCR. The expression of Wnt signaling components was closely related to the expression of the Nanog and Oct 4. Furthermore, targeting Wnt signaling pathway by using different signaling molecule inhibitors can exert anticancer effects. In conclusion, Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the stemness regulation of LCSCs and might be considered as a potential therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Liu Z, Sun B, Qi L, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang D, Zhang Y. Dickkopf-1 expression is down-regulated during the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and correlates with reduced microvessel density and VEGF expression. Histopathology 2015; 67:158-66. [PMID: 24916146 DOI: 10.1111/his.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin China
- The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin China
- The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin China
- The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Yixian Li
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Tianjin China
- The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin China
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Aberrant RSPO3-LGR4 signaling in Keap1-deficient lung adenocarcinomas promotes tumor aggressiveness. Oncogene 2014; 34:4692-701. [PMID: 25531322 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The four R-spondins (RSPO1-4) and their three related receptors LGR4, 5 and 6 (LGR4-6) have emerged as a major ligand-receptor system with critical roles in development and stem cell survival through modulation of Wnt signaling. Recurrent, gain-of-expression gene fusions of RSPO2 (to EIF3E) and RSPO3 (to PTPRK) occur in a subset of human colorectal cancer. However, the exact roles and mechanisms of the RSPO-LGR system in oncogenesis remain largely unknown. We found that RSPO3 is aberrantly expressed at high levels in approximately half of Keap1-mutated lung adenocarcinomas (ADs). This high RSPO3 expression is driven by a combination of demethylation of its own promoter region and deficiency in Keap1 instead of gene fusion as in colon cancer. Patients with RSPO3-high tumors (~9%, 36/412) displayed much poorer survival than the rest of the cohort (median survival of 28 vs 163 months, log-rank test P<0.0001). Knockdown (KD) of RSPO3, LGR4 or their signaling mediator IQGAP1 in lung cancer cell lines with Keap1 deficiency and high RSPO3-LGR4 expression led to reduction in cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and KD of LGR4 or IQGAP1 resulted in decrease in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These findings suggest that aberrant RSPO3-LGR4 signaling potentially acts as a driving mechanism in the aggressiveness of Keap1-deficient lung ADs.
Collapse
|
92
|
Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Papagiannakopoulos T, Romero R, Tammela T, Bauer MR, Bhutkar A, Joshi NS, Subbaraj L, Bronson RT, Xue W, Jacks T. Rapid modelling of cooperating genetic events in cancer through somatic genome editing. Nature 2014; 516:428-31. [PMID: 25337879 PMCID: PMC4292871 DOI: 10.1038/nature13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep process that involves mutations and other alterations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Genome sequencing studies have identified a large collection of genetic alterations that occur in human cancers. However, the determination of which mutations are causally related to tumorigenesis remains a major challenge. Here we describe a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based approach for rapid functional investigation of candidate genes in well-established autochthonous mouse models of cancer. Using a Kras(G12D)-driven lung cancer model, we performed functional characterization of a panel of tumour suppressor genes with known loss-of-function alterations in human lung cancer. Cre-dependent somatic activation of oncogenic Kras(G12D) combined with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of tumour suppressor genes resulted in lung adenocarcinomas with distinct histopathological and molecular features. This rapid somatic genome engineering approach enables functional characterization of putative cancer genes in the lung and other tissues using autochthonous mouse models. We anticipate that this approach can be used to systematically dissect the complex catalogue of mutations identified in cancer genome sequencing studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Sánchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Rodrigo Romero
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Matthew R. Bauer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Nikhil S. Joshi
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Lakshmipriya Subbaraj
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Wen Xue
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Shenoy AK, Lu J. Cancer cells remodel themselves and vasculature to overcome the endothelial barrier. Cancer Lett 2014; 380:534-544. [PMID: 25449784 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant organs mostly via the bloodstream. During the metastatic process, cancer cells invade blood vessels to enter circulation, and later exit the vasculature at a distant site. Endothelial cells that line blood vessels normally serve as a barrier to the movement of cells into or out of the blood. It is thus critical to understand how metastatic cancer cells overcome the endothelial barrier. Epithelial cancer cells acquire increased motility and invasiveness through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enables them to move toward vasculature. Cancer cells also express a variety of adhesion molecules that allow them to attach to vascular endothelium. Finally, cancer cells secrete or induce growth factors and cytokines to actively prompt vascular hyperpermeability that compromises endothelial barrier function and facilitates transmigration of cancer cells through the vascular wall. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying metastatic dissemination may help develop new anti-metastasis therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anitha K Shenoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Jianrong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Lu Y, Wei C, Xi Z. Curcumin suppresses proliferation and invasion in non-small cell lung cancer by modulation of MTA1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:840-50. [PMID: 24938356 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, has a diversity of antitumor activities. It has been previously demonstrated that curcumin can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of tumors through activation of the tumor suppressor DnaJ-like heat shock protein 40 (HLJ1). However, the specific roles and mechanisms of curcumin in regulating the malignant behaviors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells still remain unclear. In this study, we found that curcumin could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells and induce G0/G1 phase arrest. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) overexpression has been detected in a wide variety of aggressive tumors and plays an important role on cell invasion and metastasis. Our results showed that curcumin could effectively inhibit the MTA1 expression of NSCLC cells. Further research on the subsequent mechanism showed that curcumin inhibited the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells through MTA1-mediated inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was reported to play a critical cooperative role on promoting lung tumorigenesis. Thus, these investigations provided novel insights into the mechanisms of curcumin on inhibition of NSCLC cell growth and invasion and showed potential therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Lu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Nakayama S, Sng N, Carretero J, Welner R, Hayashi Y, Yamamoto M, Tan AJ, Yamaguchi N, Yasuda H, Li D, Soejima K, Soo RA, Costa DB, Wong KK, Kobayashi SS. β-catenin contributes to lung tumor development induced by EGFR mutations. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5891-902. [PMID: 25164010 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of somatic mutations in EGFR and development of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized treatment for lung cancer. However, resistance to TKIs emerges in almost all patients and currently no effective treatment is available. Here, we show that β-catenin is essential for development of EGFR-mutated lung cancers. β-Catenin was upregulated and activated in EGFR-mutated cells. Mutant EGFR preferentially bound to and tyrosine phosphorylated β-catenin, leading to an increase in β-catenin-mediated transactivation, particularly in cells harboring the gefitinib/erlotinib-resistant gatekeeper EGFR-T790M mutation. Pharmacologic inhibition of β-catenin suppressed EGFR-L858R-T790M mutated lung tumor growth, and genetic deletion of the β-catenin gene dramatically reduced lung tumor formation in EGFR-L858R-T790M transgenic mice. These data suggest that β-catenin plays an essential role in lung tumorigenesis and that targeting the β-catenin pathway may provide novel strategies to prevent lung cancer development or overcome resistance to EGFR TKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Nakayama
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Natasha Sng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julian Carretero
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Robert Welner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuichiro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yamamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alistair J Tan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Norihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Danan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenzo Soejima
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ross A Soo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Daniel B Costa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Cosimelli B, Laneri S, Ostacolo C, Sacchi A, Severi E, Porcù E, Rampazzo E, Moro E, Basso G, Viola G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as new inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
97
|
Hubaux R, Thu KL, Lam WL. Re: the Wnt signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju188. [PMID: 25082336 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hubaux
- : Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RH, KLT, WLL).
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- : Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RH, KLT, WLL)
| | - Wan L Lam
- : Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RH, KLT, WLL)
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Xi Y, Chen Y. Wnt signaling pathway: implications for therapy in lung cancer and bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:8-16. [PMID: 25042867 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major worldwide health problem and patients have high rate of metastasis including bone. Although pathologic characteristics of this disease are clear and well established, much remains to be understood about this tumor, particularly at the molecular signaling level. Secreted signaling molecules of the Wnt family have been widely investigated and found to play a prominent role to induce human malignant diseases, such as breast and prostate cancer. A variety of studies have also demonstrated that the Wnt signaling pathway is closely associated with bone malignancies including osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and breast or prostate cancer induced bone metastasis. The aim of this review is to provide a summary regarding the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer and bone metastasis, highlighting the aberrant activation of Wnt in this malignancy. We also discuss the potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of lung cancer and cancer induced bone metastasis targeting the Wnt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division in Signaling Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Stem cells and cell therapies in lung biology and diseases: conference report. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 10:S25-44. [PMID: 23869447 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201304-089aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
100
|
Deng D, Zhang Y, Bao W, Kong X. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) rs10845498 polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:685-90. [PMID: 24843317 PMCID: PMC4025167 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) modulates Wnt signaling transduction. Altered LRP6 expression leads to abnormal Wnt protein activation, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. This study investigated the association between LRP6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a Chinese population. METHODS A total of 500 NSCLC patients and 500 healthy controls were recruited for assessment of four LRP6 SNPs using the SEQUENOM MassARRAY matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The association between genotype and NSCLC risk was evaluated by computing the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The frequency of the LRP6 rs10845498 genotype was 60.9% (A/A), 35.5% (AG) and 3.6% (GG) in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 69.2% (A/A), 27.2% (A/G) and 3.6% (GG) in controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the LRP6 rs10845498 A/A major allele was associated with a reduced risk in developing lung SCC (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-1.00; P=0.04), and tobacco smokers had a 2.21 fold greater risk in developing SCC than nonsmokers (p<0.01, 95% CI, 1.72-2.85), and tobacco smokers who carried an "A" allele (AA+AG) in rs6488507 had a 2.34-fold greater risk in developing NSCLC than other patients (p< 0.01, 95%CI, 1.74-3.13). CONCLUSIONS The LRP6 rs10845498 SNP is associated with a reduced risk of lung SCC, while tobacco smoke increases the risk. LRP6 rs6488507 polymorphism synergistically increased the risk of NSCLC in tobacco smokers. Further studies are needed to elucidate the functional impact of LRP6 expression and activity in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dehou Deng
- 1. Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
- 2. The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310035, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- 1. Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wenglong Bao
- 1. Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiangming Kong
- 1. Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| |
Collapse
|