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He W, Xu F, Chen L, Huang W, Jiang L, Tang F, Yan W, Zhong S, Shen C, Huang H, Lv J, Wu X, Zeng S, Li M, Zhang M. Association of High-Mobility Group Box-1 with Inflammationrelated Cytokines in the Aqueous Humor with Acute Primary Angle-Closure Eyes. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:237-245. [PMID: 32282301 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200413113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to measure the levels of High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and inflammation-related cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APAG) and age-related cataract eyes (ARC). METHODS Aqueous humor samples were obtained from 59 eyes of 59 Chinese subjects (APAG, 32 eyes; and ARC, 27eyes). The multiplex bead immunoassay technique was used to measure the levels of HMGB1 and IL-8, IL-6, G-CSF, MCP-3, VEGF, sVEGFR- 1, sVEFGR-2, TNF-α, PDGF, and IL-10 in aqueous. The data of Patients' demographics and preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) were also collected for detailed analysis. RESULTS The APAG group showed significantly elevated concentrations of HMGB1, IL- 8, IL-6, G-CSF, VEGF, sVEGFR-1, and TNF-α than those in the ARC group. Aqueous HMGB1 level correlated significantly with IOP, IL-8, IL-6, G-CSF and sVEGFR-1 levels but not with age, TNF-α, or VEGF levels. CONCLUSION The aqueous level of HMGB1 is elevated in APAG and associated with aqueous level of inflammation-related cytokines, suggesting an association between elevated levels of HMGB1, APAC and certain inflammatory modulators which, of course, should lead to further investigations in order to demonstrate the cause and effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lifei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenya Yan
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaolan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaonian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Siming Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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Frisardi V, Matrone C, Street ME. Metabolic Syndrome and Autophagy: Focus on HMGB1 Protein. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654913. [PMID: 33912566 PMCID: PMC8072385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the population worldwide and results from several factors such as genetic background, environment and lifestyle. In recent years, an interplay among autophagy, metabolism, and metabolic disorders has become apparent. Defects in the autophagy machinery are associated with the dysfunction of many tissues/organs regulating metabolism. Metabolic hormones and nutrients regulate, in turn, the autophagy mechanism. Autophagy is a housekeeping stress-induced degradation process that ensures cellular homeostasis. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nuclear protein with a nuclear and extracellular role that functions as an extracellular signaling molecule under specific conditions. Several studies have shown that HMGB1 is a critical regulator of autophagy. This mini-review focuses on the involvement of HMGB1 protein in the interplay between autophagy and MetS, emphasizing its potential role as a promising biomarker candidate for the early stage of MetS or disease's therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Frisardi
- Clinical and Nutritional Laboratory, Department of Geriatric and NeuroRehabilitation, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova (AUSL-IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carmela Matrone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Paediatrics, Department of Mother and Child, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova (AUSL-IRCCS), Reggio Emilia, Italy
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MiR-22-3p suppresses sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by targeting PTEN. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224157. [PMID: 32412059 PMCID: PMC7268257 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Septic acute kidney injury is considered as a severe and frequent complication that occurs during sepsis. The present study was performed to understand the role of miR-22-3p and its underlying mechanism in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Methods: Rats were injected with adenovirus carrying miR-22-3p or miR-NC in the caudal vein before cecal ligation. Meanwhile, HK-2 cells were transfected with the above adenovirus following LPS stimulation. We measured the markers of renal injury (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR)). Histological changes in kidney tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson staining, periodic acid Schiff staining and TUNEL staining. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NO were determined by ELISA assay. Using TargetScan prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we predicted and validated the association between PTEN and miR-22-3p. Results: Our data showed that miR-22-3p was significantly down-regulated in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, in vivo and LPS-induced sepsis model in HK-2 cells, in vitro. Overexpression of miR-22-3p remarkably suppressed the inflammatory response and apoptosis via down-regulating HMGB1, p-p65, TLR4 and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NO), both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, PTEN was identified as a target of miR-22-3p. Furthermore, PTEN knockdown augmented, while overexpression reversed the suppressive role of miR-22-3p in LPS-induced inflammatory response. Conclusions: Our results showed that miR-22-3p induced protective role in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury may rely on the repression of PTEN.
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Watanabe H, Son M. The Immune Tolerance Role of the HMGB1-RAGE Axis. Cells 2021; 10:564. [PMID: 33807604 PMCID: PMC8001022 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the immune tolerance induces autoimmunity such as systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis. A chromatin-binding non-histone protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu in particular environments such as autoimmunity, sepsis and hypoxia. Extracellular HMGB1 engages pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). While the HMGB1-RAGE axis drives inflammation in various diseases, recent studies also focus on the anti-inflammatory effects of HMGB1 and RAGE. This review discusses current perspectives on HMGB1 and RAGE's roles in controlling inflammation and immune tolerance. We also suggest how RAGE heterodimers responding microenvironments functions in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Watanabe
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Myoungsun Son
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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Natural Compounds of Marine Origin as Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD): Potential Role for Cancer Interception and Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020231. [PMID: 33504012 PMCID: PMC7912082 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) has always been considered a tolerogenic event. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurs as a consequence of tumour cell death accompanied by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), triggering an immune response. ICD plays a major role in stimulating the function of the immune system in cancer during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. ICD can therefore represent one of the routes to boost anticancer immune responses. According to the recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (2018), apoptosis (type I cell death) and necrosis (type II cell death) represent are not the only types of RCD, which also includes necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and others. Specific downstream signalling molecules and death-inducing stimuli can regulate distinct forms of ICD, which develop and promote the immune cell response. Dying cells deliver different potential immunogenic signals, such as DAMPs, which are able to stimulate the immune system. The acute exposure of DAMPs can prime antitumour immunity by inducing activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DC), leading to the downstream response by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells (NK). As ICD represents an important target to direct and develop new pharmacological interventions, the identification of bioactive natural products, which are endowed with low side effects, higher tolerability and preferentially inducing immunogenic programmed cell death, represents a priority in biomedical research. The ability of ICD to drive the immune response depends on two major factors, neither of which is intrinsic to cell death: ‘Antigenicity and adjuvanticity’. Indeed, the use of natural ICD-triggering molecules, alone or in combination with different (immuno)therapies, can result in higher efficacy and tolerability. Here, we focused on natural (marine) compounds, particularly on marine microalgae derived molecules such as exopolysaccharides, sulphated polysaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, phospholipids, that are endowed with ICD-inducing properties and sulfavants. Here, we discuss novel and repurposed small-molecule ICD triggers, as well as their ability to target important molecular pathways including the IL-6, TNF-α and interferons (IFNs), leading to immune stimulation, which could be used alone or in combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer prevention and therapies.
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56
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Li L, Lu YQ. The Regulatory Role of High-Mobility Group Protein 1 in Sepsis-Related Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:601815. [PMID: 33552058 PMCID: PMC7862754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a prototypical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, participates in multiple processes of various inflammatory diseases through binding to its corresponding receptors. In the early phase, sepsis is mainly characterized as a multi-bacterial-induced complex, excessive inflammatory response accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which subsequently develops into immune paralysis. A growing number of in vivo and in vitro investigations reveal that HMGB1 plays a pivotal role in the processes of inflammatory response and immunosuppression of sepsis. Therefore, HMGB1 exerts an indispensable role in the immune disorder and life-threatening inflammatory syndrome of sepsis. HMGB1 mainly mediate the release of inflammatory factors via acting on immune cells, pyroptosis pathways and phosphorylating nuclear factor-κB. Moreover HMGB1 is also associated with the process of sepsis-related immunosuppression. Neutrophil dysfunction mediated by HMGB1 is also an aspect of the immunosuppressive mechanism of sepsis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are also one of the important cells that play an immunosuppressive effect in sepsis, may connect with HMGB1. Thence, further understanding of HMGB1-associated pathogenesis of sepsis may assist in development of promising treatment strategies. This review mainly discusses current perspectives on the roles of HMGB1 in sepsis-related inflammation and immunosuppressive process and its related internal regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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57
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Ghaffari S, Jang E, Naderinabi F, Sanwal R, Khosraviani N, Wang C, Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM, Ikeda J, Lee WL. Endothelial HMGB1 Is a Critical Regulator of LDL Transcytosis via an SREBP2-SR-BI Axis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:200-216. [PMID: 33054399 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE LDL (low-density lipoprotein) transcytosis across the endothelium is performed by the SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B type 1) receptor and contributes to atherosclerosis. HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is a structural protein in the nucleus that is released by cells during inflammation; extracellular HMGB1 has been implicated in advanced disease. Whether intracellular HMGB1 regulates LDL transcytosis through its nuclear functions is unknown. Approach and Results: HMGB1 was depleted by siRNA in human coronary artery endothelial cells, and transcytosis of LDL was measured by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Knockdown of HMGB1 attenuated LDL transcytosis without affecting albumin transcytosis. Loss of HMGB1 resulted in reduction in SR-BI levels and depletion of SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2)-a transcription factor upstream of SR-BI. The effect of HMGB1 depletion on LDL transcytosis required SR-BI and SREBP2. Overexpression of HMGB1 caused an increase in LDL transcytosis that was unaffected by inhibition of extracellular HMGB1 or depletion of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation endproducts)-a cell surface receptor for HMGB1. The effect of HMGB1 overexpression on LDL transcytosis was prevented by knockdown of SREBP2. Loss of HMGB1 caused a reduction in the half-life of SREBP2; incubation with LDL caused a significant increase in nuclear localization of HMGB1 that was dependent on SR-BI. Animals lacking endothelial HMGB1 exhibited less acute accumulation of LDL in the aorta 30 minutes after injection and when fed a high-fat diet developed fewer fatty streaks and less atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial HMGB1 regulates LDL transcytosis by prolonging the half-life of SREBP2, enhancing SR-BI expression. Translocation of HMGB1 to the nucleus in response to LDL requires SR-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.G., F.N.N., R.S., N.K., C.W., W.L.L.)
| | - Erika Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.J., R.S., W.L.L.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Farnoosh Naderinabi
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.G., F.N.N., R.S., N.K., C.W., W.L.L.)
| | - Rajiv Sanwal
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.G., F.N.N., R.S., N.K., C.W., W.L.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.J., R.S., W.L.L.), University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Negar Khosraviani
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.G., F.N.N., R.S., N.K., C.W., W.L.L.)
| | - Changsen Wang
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.G., F.N.N., R.S., N.K., C.W., W.L.L.)
| | | | | | - Jiro Ikeda
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Canada (J.I.)
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (S.G., F.N.N., R.S., N.K., C.W., W.L.L.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (E.J., R.S., W.L.L.), University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry (W.L.L.), University of Toronto, Canada
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58
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Chung H, Nam H, Nguyen-Phuong T, Jang J, Hong SJ, Choi SW, Park SB, Park CG. The blockade of cytoplasmic HMGB1 modulates the autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint in stressed islet beta cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:1053-1058. [PMID: 33160622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group (HMGB1) is an alarmin known to be harmful to pancreatic beta cells and associated with diabetes mellitus pathogenesis and pancreatic islet graft failure. It has been long thought that the suppression of HMGB1 molecule is beneficial to the beta cells. However, recent studies have indicated that cytoplasmic HMGB1 (cHMGB1) could function as a modulator to relieve cells from apoptotic stress by autophagy induction. Particularly, pancreatic beta cells have been known to utilize the autophagy-to-apoptosis switch when exposed to hypoxia or lipotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the beta cells under hypoxic and lipotoxic stress while utilizing a small molecule inhibitor of HMGB1, inflachromene (ICM) which can suppress cHMGB1 accumulation. It was revealed that under cellular stress, blockade of cHMGB1 accumulation decreased the viability of islet grafts, primary islets and MIN6 cells. MIN6 cells under cHMGB1 blockade along with lipotoxic stress showed decreased autophagic flux and increased apoptosis. Moreover, cHMGB1 blockade in HFD-fed mice produced unfavorable outcomes on their glucose tolerance. In sum, these results suggested the role of cHMGB1 within beta cell autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint. Given the importance of autophagy in beta cells under apoptotic stresses, this study might provide further insights regarding HMGB1 and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsung Nam
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Nguyen-Phuong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ji Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - So Won Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- CRI Center for Chemical Proteomics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kader M, El Andaloussi A, Vorhaour J, Tamama K, Nieto N, Scott MJ, Ismail N. Interferon Type I Regulates Inflammasome Activation and High Mobility Group Box 1 Translocation in Hepatocytes During Ehrlichia-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:33-51. [PMID: 33437899 PMCID: PMC7789844 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are an important innate immune host defense against intracellular microbial infection. Activation of inflammasomes by microbial or host ligands results in cleavage of caspase-1 (canonical pathway) or caspase-11 (noncanonical pathway), release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. Ehrlichia are obligate, intracellular, gram-negative bacteria that lack lipopolysaccharide but cause potentially life-threatening monocytic ehrlichiosis in humans and mice that is characterized by liver injury followed by sepsis and multiorgan failure. Employing murine models of mild and fatal ehrlichiosis caused by infection with mildly and highly virulent Ehrlichia muris (EM) and Ixodes ovatus Ehrlichia (IOE), respectively, we have previously shown that IOE infection triggers type I interferon (IFN-I) response and deleterious caspase-11 activation in liver tissues, which promotes liver injury and sepsis. In this study, we examined the contribution of IFN-I signaling in hepatocytes (HCs) to Ehrlichia-induced liver injury. Compared to EM infection, we found that IOE enter and replicate in vitro cultured primary murine HCs and induce secretion of IFNβ and several chemokines, including regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), monokine induced by gamma (MIG)/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1α), keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Notably, in vitro stimulation of uninfected and Ehrlichia-infected HCs with recombinant IFNβ triggered activation of caspase-1/11, cytosolic translocation of HMGB1, and enhanced autophagy and intracellular bacterial replication. Secretion of HMGB1 by IOE-infected HCs was dependent on caspase-11. Primary HCs from IOE- but not EM-infected mice also expressed active caspase-1/11. Conclusion: HC-specific IFN-I signaling may exacerbate liver pathology during infection with obligate intracellular Ehrlichia by promoting bacterial replication and detrimental caspase-11-mediated inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamuda Kader
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Jennie Vorhaour
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Kenichi Tamama
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Melanie J Scott
- Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nahed Ismail
- Department of PathologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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60
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Zhang X, Fernández-Hernando C. Endothelial HMGB1 (High-Mobility Group Box 1) Regulation of LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Transcytosis: A Novel Mechanism of Intracellular HMGB1 in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:217-219. [PMID: 33356373 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (X.Z., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (X.Z., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (X.Z., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program (X.Z., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Pathology (C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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61
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Lu ZY, Cheng MH, Yu CY, Lin YS, Yeh TM, Chen CL, Chen CC, Wan SW, Chang CP. Dengue Nonstructural Protein 1 Maintains Autophagy through Retarding Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of Beclin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9702. [PMID: 33352639 PMCID: PMC7766445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions; however, there is no specific antiviral drug. Accumulated studies have revealed that DENV infection induces several cellular responses, including autophagy and apoptosis. The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis is associated with the interactions among components of these two pathways, such as apoptotic caspase-mediated cleavage of autophagy-related proteins. Here, we show that DENV-induced autophagy inhibits early cell apoptosis and hence enhances DENV replication. Later, the apoptotic activities are elevated to suppress autophagy through cleavage of Beclin-1, an essential autophagy-related protein. Inhibition of cleavage of Beclin-1 by a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD, increases both autophagy and viral replication. Regarding the mechanism, we further found that DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is able to interact with Beclin-1 during DENV infection. The interaction between Beclin-1 and NS1 attenuates Beclin-1 cleavage and facilitates autophagy to prevent cell apoptosis. Our study suggests a novel mechanism whereby NS1 preserves Beclin-1 for maintaining autophagy to antagonize early cell apoptosis; however, elevated caspases trigger apoptosis by degrading Beclin-1 in the late stage of infection. These findings suggest implications for anti-DENV drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Miao-Huei Cheng
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Wan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (Z.-Y.L.); (Y.-S.L.)
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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IRGM promotes melanoma cell survival through autophagy and is a promising prognostic biomarker for clinical application. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:187-198. [PMID: 33665357 PMCID: PMC7889451 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that mouse immunity-related guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) family M protein 1 (Irgm1) promotes malignant melanoma progression by inducing cellular autophagy flux and metastasis. Human IRGM, a truncated protein functionally distinct from its mouse counterpart, has several splice isoforms. In this study, we analyzed the association of IRGM and human melanoma clinical prognosis and investigated the function of IRGM in human melanoma cells. Data from the training cohort (n = 144) showed that overexpression of IRGM is proportional to melanoma genesis and clinical stages in human tissue chips. A validation cohort (n = 78) further confirmed that IRGM is an independent risk factor promoting melanoma progression and is associated with poor survival of patients. Among IRGM isoforms, we found that IRGMb is responsible for such correlation. In addition, IRGM promoted melanoma cell survival through autophagy, both in vitro and in vivo. We further showed that the blockade of translocation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from the nucleus to cytoplasm inhibits IRGM1-mediated cellular autophagy and reduces cell survival. IRGM functions as a positive regulator of melanoma progression through autophagy and may serve as a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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63
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Nanodelivery of immunogenic cell death-inducers for cancer immunotherapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:651-662. [PMID: 33278602 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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64
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Lee H, Lee S, Kim S, Lee J, Ha J, Choi Y, Oh H, Kim Y, Lee Y, Lim DS, Kim S, Han YS, Choi KH, Yoon Y. Asymptomatic Clostridium perfringens Inhabitation in Intestine Can Cause Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Disorders in Brain. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:52-65. [PMID: 31928429 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (CP) is a foodborne pathogen. The bacterium can also inhabit human gut without symptoms of foodborne illness. However, the clinical symptoms of long-term inhabitation have not been known yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between intestinal CP and other internal organs. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and CP were orally injected into 5-week-old (YOUNG) and 12-month-old C57BL6/J (ADULT) mice. Gene expression levels related to inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD]1, SOD2, SOD3, glutathione reductase [GSR], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]3, and catalase [CAT]) responses were evaluated in the brain, small intestine, and liver. In addition, apoptosis-related (BCL2-associated X [BAX]1 and high-mobility group box-1 [HMGB1]) and brain disorder-related genes (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein [C/EBP]-β, C/EBPδ, C/EBP homologous protein [CHOP], and amyloid precursor protein [APP]) as brain damage markers were examined. The protein expressions in the brain were also measured. Gene expression levels of inflammation and oxidative stress responses were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP-YOUNG and CP-ADULT mice, compared with PBS-YOUNG and PBS-ADULT, and the gene expression levels were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP-ADULT mice than CP-YOUNG mice. Apoptosis-related (BAX1 and HMGB1) and brain disorder-related genes (C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, CHOP, and APP) were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP-challenged mice, compared with PBS-challenged mice. Even oxidative stress response (GPx and SOD2), cell damage-related (HMGB1), and β-amyloid proteins were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP- than in PBS-challenged mice. C/EBP protein was higher (p < 0.05) in CP-YOUNG, compared with PBS-YOUNG mice. However, these clinical symptoms were not observed in small intestine and liver. These results indicate that although asymptomatic intestinal CP do not cause foodborne illness, their inhabitation may cause brain inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell damage, which may induce disorders, especially for the aged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Saehun Kim
- Department of Food Bioscience, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sil Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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65
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Detection of immunogenic cell death and its relevance for cancer therapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1013. [PMID: 33243969 PMCID: PMC7691519 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, as well as targeted anticancer agents can induce clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses, which critically rely on the antigenicity of malignant cells and their capacity to generate adjuvant signals. In particular, immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of numerous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which altogether confer a robust adjuvanticity to dying cancer cells, as they favor the recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells. ICD-associated DAMPs include surface-exposed calreticulin (CALR) as well as secreted ATP, annexin A1 (ANXA1), type I interferon, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Additional hallmarks of ICD encompass the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit-α (EIF2S1, better known as eIF2α), the activation of autophagy, and a global arrest in transcription and translation. Here, we outline methodological approaches for measuring ICD markers in vitro and ex vivo for the discovery of next-generation antineoplastic agents, the development of personalized anticancer regimens, and the identification of optimal therapeutic combinations for the clinical management of cancer.
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66
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Chen L, Li J, Ye Z, Sun B, Wang L, Chen Y, Han J, Yu M, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Seidler U, Tian D, Xiao F. Anti-High Mobility Group Box 1 Neutralizing-Antibody Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585094. [PMID: 33193406 PMCID: PMC7661783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein in mammals. When released into the extracellular space, it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. This study investigates whether increased HMGB1 levels are found in the intestinal mucosa of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and whether an anti-HMGB1 neutralizing-antibody (HnAb) can inhibit the intestinal inflammation elicited by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice. Because toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is implicated in HMGB1-mediated immune cell activation, DSS colitis was also elicited in TLR4-deficient mice in the presence and absence of HnAb. The expression of HMGB1 in UC patients was examined. HnAb was administered via intraperitoneal injection to TLR4 deficient mice and their wild-type littermates, both being induced to colitis with DSS. Finally, the protective effect of HnAb and TLR4 deficiency were evaluated. In UC patients, HMGB1 was up-regulated in the inflamed colon. When administered during DSS application, HnAb alleviated the severity of colitis with a lower disease activity index, limited histological damages, and reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines. This antibody also limited colonic barrier loss, decreased colonic lamina propria macrophages and partially reversed the DSS treatment-associated dysbiosis. The protective effect of this antibody was enhanced in TLR4-deficient mice in some aspects, indicating that both additional HMGB1-mediated as well as TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways were involved in the induction of colitis by DSS. HnAb ameliorated colitis via macrophages inhibition and colonic barrier protection. It may therefore be a novel treatment option in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenghao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binghua Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - De'an Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Reed JC, Preston-Hurlburt P, Philbrick W, Betancur G, Korah M, Lucas C, Herold KC. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) modulates T cell signaling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236921. [PMID: 32986722 PMCID: PMC7521722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is expressed in T cells after activation with antigen and is constitutively expressed in T cells from patients at-risk for and with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). RAGE expression was associated with an activated T cell phenotype, leading us to examine whether RAGE is involved in T cell signaling. In primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with T1D or healthy control subjects, RAGE- cells showed reduced phosphorylation of Erk. To study T cell receptor signaling in RAGE+ or–T cells, we compared signaling in RAGE+/+ Jurkat cells, Jurkat cells with RAGE eliminated by CRISPR/Cas9, or silenced with siRNA. In RAGE KO Jurkat cells, there was reduced phosphorylation of Zap70, Erk and MEK, but not Lck or CD3ξ. RAGE KO cells produced less IL-2 when activated with anti-CD3 +/- anti-CD28. Stimulation with PMA restored signaling and (with ionomycin) IL-2 production. Silencing RAGE with siRNA also decreased signaling. Our studies show that RAGE expression in human T cells is associated with an activated signaling cascade. These findings suggest a link between inflammatory products that are found in patients with diabetes, other autoimmune diseases, and inflammation that may enhance T cell reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Reed
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Paula Preston-Hurlburt
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - William Philbrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Betancur
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Maria Korah
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Carrie Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Kevan C. Herold
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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68
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Liu C, Hu T, Cai Z, Xie Q, Yuan Y, Li N, Xie S, Yao Q, Zhao J, Wu QQ, Tang Q. Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor 3 Deficiency Attenuated Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis via Reactive Oxygen Species/High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:713. [PMID: 32850832 PMCID: PMC7431462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) is involved in fibrosis of multiple organs, such as kidney, liver, lung, and the like. However, the role of NLRP3 in cardiac fibrosis is still controversial and remains unclear. The study aims to investigate the role of NLRP3 on cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol (ISO). In vivo, NLRP3 knockout and wild-type mice were subcutaneously injected with ISO to induce the cardiac fibrosis model. The results showed that NLRP3 deficiency alleviated the cardiac fibrosis and inflammation induced by ISO. In vitro, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and primary adult mouse cardiac fibroblasts of NLRP3 knockout and wild-type mice were isolated and challenged with ISO. Adenovirus (Ad-) NLRP3 and small interfering RNAs targeting NLRP3 were used to transfect NRVMs to overexpress or knockdown NLRP3. We found that NLRP3 could regulate high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) secretion via reactive oxygen species production in NRVMs and the HMGB1 secreted by NRVMs promoted the activation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, we concluded that the NLRP3/reactive oxygen species/HMGB1 pathway could be the underlying mechanism of ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongtong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhulan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingwen Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Saiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qizhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
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69
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Zhao Z, Hu Z, Zeng R, Yao Y. HMGB1 in kidney diseases. Life Sci 2020; 259:118203. [PMID: 32781069 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved nucleoprotein involving in numerous biological processes, and well known to trigger immune responses as the damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in the extracellular environment. The role of HMGB1 is distinct due to its multiple functions in different subcellular location. In the nucleus, HMGB1 acts as a chaperone to regulate DNA events including DNA replication, repair and nucleosome stability. While in the cytoplasm, it is engaged in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. A great deal of research has explored its function in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. This review mainly focuses on the role of HMGB1 and summarizes the pathway and treatment targeting HMGB1 in the various renal diseases which may open the windows of opportunities for the development of desirable therapeutic ends in these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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70
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Yu Y, Ou-Yang W, Zhang H, Jiang T, Cho WC, Zhu H, Xiao Z, Li S. High-mobility Group Box 1 Facilitates CD4 T Cell Self-aggregation Via Integrin and STAT3 Activation Before Homing. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1188-1198. [PMID: 32130404 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the delayed pro-inflammatory cytokines produced in the later stages of pathogenesis and plays an important role in the progression of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. High-mobility group box 1 is able to stimulate interaction between integrins and cell adhesion molecules to facilitate cell-cell aggregation in "tissue-specific" endothelium; however, whether and how HMGB1 affects the adhesive capability of early acting immune cells in bloodstream remains largely unknown. METHODS Human peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy adult donors. The CD4 T cells were isolated from blood using CD4 T cell isolation kit and identified using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of HMGB1 on adhesive ability of CD4 T cells was accessed by cell self-aggregation assay and endothelial adhesion assay. The migratory ability of CD4 T cells was evaluated by cell migration assay. Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) were detected by ELISA. Expression of integrins β1, β7, and α4β7 were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Inhibition of integrins was achieved with anti-integrin antibodies or cyclic peptide inhibitors. Activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) was measured by flow cytometry and fluorescent staining. RESULTS High-mobility group box 1 facilitated CD4 T cell self-aggregation with simultaneous reduction of CD4 T single-cell counts in the bloodstream. The CD4 T cell self-aggregation induced by HMGB1 resulted in upregulation of integrins β1, β7, and α4β7; release of other pro-inflammatory cytokines or chemokine CXCL12; and activation of STAT3 signaling. Intriguingly, pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by HMGB1 could further amplify CD4 T cell self-aggregation. HMGB1 induced CD4 T cell apoptosis via activation of caspase-3/7. Furthermore, HMGB1 promoted migration and adhesion of CD4 T cells to endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These results provide proof of concept that HMGB1 promotes CD4 T cell self-aggregation before homing to inflammatory sites and highlight the potential of blocking immune cell self-aggregation in blood as a novel therapeutic approach against the development and progression of HMGB1-related inflammatory diseases.HMGB1 induces CD4 T cell self-aggregation in blood resulting in upregulation of integrins expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines via activation of STAT3 signaling. This study highlights the potential of preventive and therapeutic intervention on immune cell self-aggregation in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxian Ou-Yang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Huang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Zhenghui Xiao
- Emergency Center of Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangjie Li
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
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71
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Liao Y, Liu S, Fu S, Wu J. HMGB1 in Radiotherapy: A Two Headed Signal Regulating Tumor Radiosensitivity and Immunity. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6859-6871. [PMID: 32764978 PMCID: PMC7369309 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that RT not only directly induces cell death but also has late and sustained immune effects. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein released during RT, with location-dependent functions. It is essential for normal cellular function but also regulates the proliferation and migration of tumor cells by binding to high-affinity receptors. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the functions of HMGB1 in RT according to the position, intracellular HMGB1 and extracellular HMGB1. Intracellular HMGB1 induces radiation tolerance in tumor cells by promoting DNA damage repair and autophagy. Extracellular HMGB1 plays a more intricate role in radiation-related immune responses, wherein it not only stimulates the anti-tumor immune response by facilitating the recognition of dying tumor cells but is also involved in maintaining immunosuppression. Factors that potentially affect the role of HMGB1 in RT-induced cytotoxicity have also been discussed in the context of possible therapeutic applications, which helps to develop effective and targeted radio-sensitization therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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72
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Rapoport BL, Steel HC, Theron AJ, Heyman L, Smit T, Ramdas Y, Anderson R. High Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E1664. [PMID: 32664328 PMCID: PMC7407638 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an extremely versatile protein that is located predominantly in the nucleus of quiescent eukaryotic cells, where it is critically involved in maintaining genomic structure and function. During cellular stress, however, this multifaceted, cytokine-like protein undergoes posttranslational modifications that promote its translocation to the cytosol, from where it is released extracellularly, either actively or passively, according to cell type and stressor. In the extracellular milieu, HMGB1 triggers innate inflammatory responses that may be beneficial or harmful, depending on the magnitude and duration of release of this pro-inflammatory protein at sites of tissue injury. Heightened awareness of the potentially harmful activities of HMGB1, together with a considerable body of innovative, recent research, have revealed that excessive production of HMGB1, resulting from misdirected, chronic inflammatory responses, appears to contribute to all the stages of tumorigenesis. In the setting of established cancers, the production of HMGB1 by tumor cells per se may also exacerbate inflammation-related immunosuppression. These pro-inflammatory mechanisms of HMGB1-orchestrated tumorigenesis, as well as the prognostic potential of detection of elevated expression of this protein in the tumor microenvironment, represent the major thrusts of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Helen C. Steel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Annette J. Theron
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
| | - Liezl Heyman
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Teresa Smit
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa; (L.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Yastira Ramdas
- The Breast Care Centre, Netcare Milpark, 9 Guild Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (H.C.S.); (A.J.T.); (R.A.)
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BMSC-derived exosomes alleviate smoke inhalation lung injury through blockade of the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway. Life Sci 2020; 257:118042. [PMID: 32621926 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes in smoke inhalation lung injury. MAIN METHODS In this study, we initially isolated exosomes from BMSCs and identified them by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. BMSC-derived exosomes were then used to treat in vitro and in vivo models of smoke inhalation lung injury. Pathologic alterations in lung tissue, the levels of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related factors, and the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BMSC-derived exosomes. KEY FINDINGS We found that BMSC-derived exosomes could alleviate the injury caused by smoke inhalation. Smoke inhalation increased the levels of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related factors and the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB, and these increases were reversed by BMSC-derived exosomes. HMGB1 overexpression abrogated the exosome-induced decreases in inflammatory factors, apoptosis-related factors and NF-κB. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these results indicate that BMSC-derived exosomes can effectively alleviate smoke inhalation lung injury by inhibiting the HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that exosome, a noncellular therapy, is a potential therapeutic strategy for inhalation lung injury.
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Gacaferi H, Mimpen JY, Baldwin MJ, Snelling SJB, Nelissen RGHH, Carr AJ, Dakin SG. The potential roles of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in musculoskeletal disease: A systematic review. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamez Gacaferi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Department of Orthopaedics Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jolet Y. Mimpen
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Mathew J. Baldwin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Sarah J. B. Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Andrew J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Stephanie G. Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS) Botnar Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Constantinovits M, Sipos F, L Kiss A, Műzes G. Preconditioning with cell-free DNA prevents DSS-colitis by promoting cell protective autophagy. J Investig Med 2020; 68:992-1001. [PMID: 32393477 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Presence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a long-known fact. The biological effect of cfDNA administration on cellular autophagy within normal and inflammatory circumstances remains unclear. In this study, the effects of intravenous cfDNA pretreatment on autophagy response were studied in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis. Selected proinflammatory cytokine and autophagy-related gene and protein expressions were compared with clinical and histological activity parameters, and with transmission electron microscopic evaluations. A single intravenous dose of cfDNA pretreatment with cfDNA from colitis exhibited beneficial response concerning the clinical and histological severity of DSS-colitis as compared with effects of normal cfDNA. Pretreatment with colitis-derived cfDNA substantially altered the gene and protein expression of several autophagy and inflammatory cytokine genes in a clinically favorable manner. Autophagy in splenocytes is also altered after colitis-derived cfDNA pretreatment. During the process of acute colitis, the subsequent inflammatory environment presumably results in changes of cfDNA with the potential to facilitate cell protective autophagy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the impact of colitis-associated autophagy, and elucidating alterations of the interaction between autophagy and innate immunity caused by nucleic acids may provide further insight into the etiology of IBD. By targeting or modifying cfDNA, novel anti-inflammatory therapies may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Constantinovits
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kang L, Guo N, Liu X, Wang X, Guo W, Xie SM, Liu C, Lv P, Xing L, Zhang X, Shen H. High mobility group box-1 protects against Aflatoxin G 1-induced pulmonary epithelial cell damage in the lung inflammatory environment. Toxicol Lett 2020; 331:92-101. [PMID: 32446815 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) is a member of the carcinogenic aflatoxin family. Our previous studies indicated that oral administration of AFG1 caused tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-dependent inflammation that enhanced oxidative DNA damage in alveolar epithelial cells, which may be related to AFG1-induced lung carcinogenesis. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA-binding protein; the intracellular and extracellular roles of HMGB1 have been shown to contribute to DNA repair and sterile inflammation. The role of HMGB1 in DNA damage in an aflatoxin-induced lung inflammatory environment was investigated in this study. Upregulation of HMGB1, TLR2, and RAGE was observed in AFG1-induced lung inflamed tissues and adenocarcinoma. Blocking AFG1-induced inflammation by neutralization of TNF-α inhibited the upregulation of HMGB1 in mouse lung tissues, suggesting that AFG1-induced TNF-α-dependent inflammation regulated HMGB1 expression. In the in vitro human pulmonary epithelial cell line model, Beas-2b, AFG1 directly enhanced the cytosolic translocation of HMGB1 and its extracellular secretion. The addition of extracellular soluble HMGB1 protected AFG1-induced DNA damage through the TLR2/NF-κB pathway in Beas-2b cells. In addition, blockade of endogenous HMGB1 by siRNA significantly enhanced AFG1-induced damage. Thus, our findings showed that both extracellularly-released and nuclear and cytosolic HMGB1 could protect the cell from AFG1-induced cell damage in a TNF-α-dependent lung inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Kang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ningfei Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenli Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shelly M Xie
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunping Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingxiao Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Haitao Shen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Ross BX, Choi J, Yao J, Hager HM, Abcouwer SF, Zacks DN. Loss of High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein in Rods Accelerates Rod Photoreceptor Degeneration After Retinal Detachment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:50. [PMID: 32460314 PMCID: PMC7405795 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal detachment (RD) disrupts the nutritional support and oxygen delivery to photoreceptors (PRs), ultimately causing cell death. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can serve as an extracellular alarmin when released from stressed cells. PRs release HMGB1 after RD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HMGB1 and PR survival after RD. Methods Acute RD was created by injection of hyaluronic acid (1%) into the subretinal space in C57BL/6 mice and mice with a rhodopsin-Cre-mediated conditional knockout (cKO) of HMGB1 in rods (HMGB1ΔRod). Immunofluorescence (IF) in retinal sections was used to localize HMGB1, rhodopsin, and Iba-1 proteins. Optical coherence tomography and electroretinography were used to quantify retinal thickness and function, respectively. The morphology of the retina was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin. Results HMGB1 protein was localized to the nuclei of all retinal neurons, including PRs, with cones staining more intensely than rods. HMGB1 protein was also found in the inner and outer segments of cones but not rods. Creation of RD caused a dramatic increase of HMGB1 protein IF in rods. cKO of HMGB1 in rods did not affect retinal structure or function. However, after RD, loss of rods and reduction in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer were significantly increased in the HMGB1ΔRod retinas as compared to the control. Interestingly, depletion of HMGB1 in rods did not affect the activation and mobilization of microglia/macrophages normally seen after RD. Conclusions Increased HMGB1 expression in stressed rods may represent an intrinsic mechanism regulating their survival after RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing X. Ross
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Joanne Choi
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jingyu Yao
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Heather M. Hager
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Steven F. Abcouwer
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - David N. Zacks
- Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Lamberti MJ, Nigro A, Mentucci FM, Rumie Vittar NB, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Dendritic Cells and Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death: A Combination for Improving Antitumor Immunity. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030256. [PMID: 32178288 PMCID: PMC7151083 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety and feasibility of dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies in cancer management have been well documented after more than twenty-five years of experimentation, and, by now, undeniably accepted. On the other hand, it is equally evident that DC-based vaccination as monotherapy did not achieve the clinical benefits that were predicted in a number of promising preclinical studies. The current availability of several immune modulatory and targeting approaches opens the way to many potential therapeutic combinations. In particular, the evidence that the immune-related effects that are elicited by immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing therapies are strictly associated with DC engagement and activation strongly support the combination of ICD-inducing and DC-based immunotherapies. In this review, we examine the data in recent studies employing tumor cells, killed through ICD induction, in the formulation of anticancer DC-based vaccines. In addition, we discuss the opportunity to combine pharmacologic or physical therapeutic approaches that can promote ICD in vivo with in situ DC vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Lamberti
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.J.L.); (F.M.M.)
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Fátima María Mentucci
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.J.L.); (F.M.M.)
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Belén Rumie Vittar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina; (M.J.L.); (F.M.M.)
- INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina
- Correspondence: (N.B.R.V.); (J.D.C.); Tel.: +39-089-965-210 (J.D.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; (A.N.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.B.R.V.); (J.D.C.); Tel.: +39-089-965-210 (J.D.C.)
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79
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Cheng GM, Wang RL, Zhang B, Deng XY. The protective effect of uric acid in reducing TLR4/NF-κB activation through the inhibition of HMGB1 acetylation in a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3233-3240. [PMID: 32095984 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Through its antioxidative effects, uric acid can reduce cell injury. However, its mechanism is unknown. This study investigated the protective mechanism of uric acid in cells during ischemia-reperfusion. We divided hippocampal neurons into six groups: the control, OGD, OGD/R, OGD/R + HMGB1 siRNA, OGD/R + uric acid, and OGD/R + uric acid + HMGB1 groups. The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability, while apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB-p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB-p65 was detected by Western blotting. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in the culture medium were determined by ELISA. The results indicated increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis in the presence of HMGB1 siRNA and uric acid but the opposite findings in the presence of HMGB1 protein after OGD/R. Uric acid and HMGB1 siRNA inhibited HMGB1 acetylation to prevent its transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The expression of HMGB1 downstream proteins (TLR4, NF-κB-p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB-p65) and the levels of inflammatory factors in the presence of HMGB1 siRNA and uric acid was lower than those in the presence of HMGB1 protein after OGD or OGD/R. These data indicated that uric acid may prevent cell injury mainly by inhibiting HMGB1 acetylation to regulate TLR4/NF-κB pathways and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Mei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621#Harbour Road, Whampoa District, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Ruo-Lu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621#Harbour Road, Whampoa District, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621#Harbour Road, Whampoa District, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| | - Xiao-Ying Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621#Harbour Road, Whampoa District, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
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Ganesan S, Palani HK, Balasundaram N, David S, Devasia AJ, George B, Mathews V. Combination Lenalidomide/Bortezomib Treatment Synergistically Induces Calpain-Dependent Ikaros Cleavage and Apoptosis in Myeloma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:529-536. [PMID: 31915234 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma had been successfully treated by combining lenalidomide and bortezomib with reports suggesting benefits of such a combination even in relapsed/refractory cases. Recently, it was demonstrated that Ikaros degradation by lenalidomide happens via proteasome-dependent pathway and this process is critical for the eradication of myeloma cells. On the basis of this, an antagonistic effect should be observed if a combination of both these agents were used, which however is not the observation seen in the clinical setting. Our study demonstrates that when these agents are combined they exhibit a synergistic activity against myeloma cells and degradation of Ikaros happens by a proteasome-independent calcium-induced calpain pathway. Our study identifies the crucial role of calcium-induced calpain pathway in inducing apoptosis of myeloma cells when this combination or lenalidomide and bortezomib is used. We also report that this combination enhanced the expression of CD38 compared with lenalidomide alone. Thus, data from our study would establish the rationale for the addition of daratumumab along with this combination to further enhance therapeutic activity against multiple myeloma. IMPLICATIONS: Lenalidomide and bortezomib combination degrades IKZF1 in multiple myeloma through a calcium-dependent calpain and caspase pathway. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/4/529/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ganesan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamenth Kumar Palani
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nithya Balasundaram
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sachin David
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anup J Devasia
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikram Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Keller MD, Torres VJ, Cadwell K. Autophagy and microbial pathogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:872-886. [PMID: 31896796 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cell biological process that promotes resilience in the face of environmental perturbations. Given that infectious agents represent a major type of environmental threat, it follows that the autophagy pathway is central to the outcome of host-microbe interactions. Detailed molecular studies have revealed intricate ways in which autophagy suppresses or enhances the fitness of infectious agents, particularly intracellular pathogens such as viruses that require the host cell machinery for replication. Findings in animal models have reinforced the importance of these events that occur within individual cells and have extended the role of autophagy to extracellular microbes and immunity at the whole organism level. These functions impact adaptation to bacteria that are part of the gut microbiota, which has implications for the etiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Despite major advances in how autophagy regulates inflammatory reactions toward microbes, many challenges remain, including distinguishing autophagy from closely related pathways such as LC3-associated phagocytosis. Here, we review the role of autophagy in microbial pathogenesis at the level of organismal biology. In addition to providing an overview of the prominent function of autophagy proteins in host-microbe interactions, we highlight how observations at the cellular level are informing pathogenesis studies and offer our perspective on the future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Keller
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Victor J Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Abstract
The cellular degradative pathway of autophagy prevents unrestrained inflammatory signaling by removing intracellular microbes, damaged organelles, and other factors that trigger immune reactions. Consistent with this function, a common variant of the autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disorder characterized by a chronic immune reaction directed against the gut microbiota. We recently contributed to our understanding of the link between autophagy and inflammatory signaling in the intestine by demonstrating that autophagy proteins including ATG16L1 are necessary in the epithelium to prevent a spontaneous type I interferon response to the gut microbiota. Enhanced innate immunity that occurs upon autophagy inhibition is protective in mouse models of infection by an enteric bacterial pathogen and acute epithelial injury. Although avoiding excess immune reactions towards the microbiota is necessary to prevent IBD, these observations indicate that autophagy hampers productive immunity at the intestinal epithelial barrier in certain contexts. Here, we discuss how this counterintuitive consequence of autophagy inhibition can be reconciled with the established beneficial role of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Martin
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- CONTACT Ken Cadwell Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, ACLS-WT 409, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
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83
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Chu Q, Yu X, Jia R, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Liu Y, Li Y, Chen W, Ye X, Zheng X. Flavonoids from Apios americana Medikus Leaves Protect RAW264.7 Cells against Inflammation via Inhibition of MAPKs, Akt-mTOR Pathways, and Nfr2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1563024. [PMID: 31915502 PMCID: PMC6930734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1563024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apios americana Medikus was once widely accepted as staple food in India for a long time, and the tuber of which possesses high nutrients. During the past decades, most of the research has focused on the biological activity in the tubers of Apios americana Medikus whereas the leaves were ignored. In this study, the Apios americana Medikus leaf extract (ALE) was obtained and seven compounds were identified. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were used to study the anti-inflammation activity of ALE. As expected, ALE reduced the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling together with activation of Nrf2-Keap1 and FOXO pathways, as well as alleviating the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, ALE could activate HMGB1-Beclin1 and Sirt1-FoxO1 pathways and inhibit the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway to activate autophagy, protecting RAW264.7 cells from inflammation. In summary, our results suggested that ALE might help activate the anti-inflammation system, resulting in the prevention of LPS-induced damage in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruoyi Jia
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonglu Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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84
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Liang WJ, Yang HW, Liu HN, Qian W, Chen XL. HMGB1 upregulates NF-kB by inhibiting IKB-α and associates with diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2019; 241:117146. [PMID: 31816325 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of blindness in adults and investigating new therapeutic targets for DR is necessary. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and its mechanism in diabetic retinopathy (DR) were investigated. MAIN METHODS Human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) were uesd for chip-seq. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, HMGB1 group, diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with HMGB1 siRNA group, and DM group. Next, eyeballs were removed and retinas were detached for western blot. The DM model of cell was built by increasing the glucose concentration in cell culture medium. The regulation of HMGB1 was achieved by short hairpin (sh)-HMGB1 transfection, then, the transfected cells were harvested for luciferase assay, western blot and qRT-PCR analyses as well as proliferation and apoptosis detection. KEY FINDINGS Chip-seq and luciferase assay showed the possible transcription factor functions of HMGB1 and IKB-α was one of the HMGB1 binding sites. In vivo and in vitro results indicated high expression of HMGB1 and NF-kB and low expression of IKB-α in DR and the expression of IKB-α and NF-kB was regulated by HMGB1. Moreover, cell assays showed that HMGB1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE The results from the present study showed that HMGB1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of DR as a transcription factor through NF-kB pathway. Therefore, blockade of HMGB1 may be a new method for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning Zip, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning Zip, China.
| | - He-Nan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning Zip, China.
| | - Wei Qian
- Medical Imaging Informatics Laboratory College of Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso 500 West University Avenue El Paso, TX 79968, United States of America.
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District Shenyang, Liaoning Zip, China.
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85
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Zhang YG, Zhu X, Lu R, Messer JS, Xia Y, Chang EB, Sun J. Intestinal epithelial HMGB1 inhibits bacterial infection via STAT3 regulation of autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1935-1953. [PMID: 30894054 PMCID: PMC6844505 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) is considered as a damage-associated molecular pattern protein. However, little is known about its intracellular role. We studied the mechanism whereby intestinal epithelial HMGB1 contributes to host defense, using cell culture, colonoids, conditional intestinal epithelial HMGB1-knockout mice with Salmonella-colitis, il10-/- mice, and human samples. We report that intestinal HMGB1 is an important contributor to host protection from inflammation and infection. We identified a physical interaction between HMGB1 and STAT3. Lacking intestinal epithelial HMGB1 led to redistribution of STAT3 and activation of STAT3 post bacterial infection. Indeed, Salmonella-infected HMGB1-deficient cells exhibited less macroautophagy/autophagy due to decreased expression of autophagy proteins and transcriptional repression by activated STAT3. Then, increased p-STAT3 and extranuclear STAT3 reduced autophagic responses and increased inflammation. STAT3 inhibition restored autophagic responses and reduced bacterial invasion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, low level of HMGB1 was correlated with reduced nuclear STAT3 and enhanced p-STAT3 in inflamed intestine of il10-/- mice and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. We revealed that colonic epithelial HMGB1 was directly involved in the suppression of STAT3 activation and the protection of intestine from bacterial infection and injury. Abbreviations: ATG16L1: autophagy-related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae); DAMP: damage-associated molecular pattern; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IL1B/Il-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL10: interleukin 10; IL17/IL-17: interleukin 17; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaorong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeannette S. Messer
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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86
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Khambu B, Yan S, Huda N, Yin XM. Role of High-Mobility Group Box-1 in Liver Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215314. [PMID: 31731454 PMCID: PMC6862281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly abundant DNA-binding protein that can relocate to the cytosol or undergo extracellular release during cellular stress or death. HMGB1 has a functional versatility depending on its cellular location. While intracellular HMGB1 is important for DNA structure maintenance, gene expression, and autophagy induction, extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to alert the host of damage by triggering immune responses. The biological function of HMGB1 is mediated by multiple receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are expressed in different hepatic cells. Activation of HMGB1 and downstream signaling pathways are contributing factors in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and drug-induced liver injury (DILI), each of which involves sterile inflammation, liver fibrosis, ductular reaction, and hepatic tumorigenesis. In this review, we will discuss the critical role of HMGB1 in these pathogenic contexts and propose HMGB1 as a bona fide and targetable DAMP in the setting of common liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilon Khambu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-317-274-1789; Fax: +1-317-491-6639
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87
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Lin Q, Fan C, Gomez-Arroyo J, Van Raemdonck K, Meuchel LW, Skinner JT, Everett AD, Fang X, Macdonald AA, Yamaji-Kegan K, Johns RA. HIMF (Hypoxia-Induced Mitogenic Factor) Signaling Mediates the HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1)-Dependent Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cell Crosstalk in Pulmonary Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2505-2519. [PMID: 31597444 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIMF (hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor; also known as FIZZ1 [found in inflammatory zone-1] or RELM [resistin-like molecule-α]) is an etiological factor of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rodents, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated the immunomodulatory properties of HIMF signaling in PH pathogenesis. Approach and Results: Gene-modified mice that lacked HIMF (KO [knockout]) or overexpressed HIMF human homolog resistin (hResistin) were used for in vivo experiments. The pro-PH role of HIMF was verified in HIMF-KO mice exposed to chronic hypoxia or sugen/hypoxia. Mechanistically, HIMF/hResistin activation triggered the HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) pathway and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) of hypoxic mouse lungs in vivo and in human pulmonary microvascular ECs in vitro. Treatment with conditioned medium from hResistin-stimulated human pulmonary microvascular ECs induced an autophagic response, BMPR2 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2) defects, and subsequent apoptosis-resistant proliferation in human pulmonary artery (vascular) smooth muscle cells in an HMGB1-dependent manner. These effects were confirmed in ECs and smooth muscle cells isolated from pulmonary arteries of patients with idiopathic PH. HIMF/HMGB1/RAGE-mediated autophagy and BMPR2 impairment were also observed in pulmonary artery (vascular) smooth muscle cells of hypoxic mice, effects perhaps related to FoxO1 (forkhead box O1) dampening by HIMF. Experiments in EC-specific hResistin-overexpressing transgenic mice confirmed that EC-derived HMGB1 mediated the hResistin-driven pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH. CONCLUSIONS In HIMF-induced PH, HMGB1-RAGE signaling is pivotal for mediating EC-smooth muscle cell crosstalk. The humanized mouse data further support clinical implications for the HIMF/HMGB1 signaling axis and indicate that hResistin and its downstream pathway may constitute targets for the development of novel anti-PH therapeutics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chunling Fan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jose Gomez-Arroyo
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katrien Van Raemdonck
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lucas W Meuchel
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - John T Skinner
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Allen D Everett
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (A.D.E.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xia Fang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew A Macdonald
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kazuyo Yamaji-Kegan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roger A Johns
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Q.L., C.F., J.G.-A., K.V.R., L.W.M., J.T.S., X.F., A.A.M., K.Y.-K., R.A.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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88
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Overstreet AMC, Messer JS. HMGB1: meeting the need for new tools in the box. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1067-1069. [PMID: 31270390 PMCID: PMC7168996 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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89
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Foglio E, Pellegrini L, Germani A, Russo MA, Limana F. HMGB1-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in ischemic heart diseases. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:H89-H96. [PMID: 32923959 PMCID: PMC7439920 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) and its consequences are the most common and lethal heart syndromes worldwide and represent a significant health problem. Following MI, apoptosis has been generally seen as the major contributor of the cardiomyocyte fate and of the resultant myocardial remodeling. However, in recent years, it has been discovered that, following MI, cardiomyocytes could activate autophagy in an attempt to protect themselves against ischemic stress and to preserve cardiac function. Although initially seen as two completely separate responses, recent works have highlighted the intertwined crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. Numerous researches have tried to unveil the mechanisms and the molecular players involved in this phenomenon and have identified in high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein with important roles in the heart, one of the major regulator. Thus, the aim of this mini review is to discuss how HMGB1 regulates these two responses in ischemic heart diseases. Indeed, a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in these pathologies and how HMGB1 regulates them would be of tremendous help in developing novel therapeutic approaches aimed to promote cardiomyocyte survival and to diminish tissue injury following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Foglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Universita' della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Germani
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Fondazione Luigi Maria Monti, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.,MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Limana
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
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90
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Lu R, Zhang YG, Xia Y, Sun J. Imbalance of autophagy and apoptosis in intestinal epithelium lacking the vitamin D receptor. FASEB J 2019; 33:11845-11856. [PMID: 31361973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900727r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are dynamic processes that determine the fate of cells. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) deficiency in the intestine leads to abnormal Paneth cells and impaired autophagy function. Here, we will elucidate the mechanisms of the intestinal epithelial VDR regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. We used in vivo VDRlox and VDR∆IEC mice and ex vivo organoids generated from small intestine and colon tissues. We found that VDR deficiency induced more apoptotic cells and significantly increased cell death in the small intestine and colon of VDR∆IEC mice. The proapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) associated X protein (Bax) was enhanced, whereas autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) and Beclin-1 were decreased in the intestines of VDRΔIEC mice. Apoptosis induced by Bax reduced autophagy by decreasing Beclin-1. Physical interactions between Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 were increased in the VDR-deficient epithelia from mice. The growth of VDR∆IEC organoids was significantly slower with fewer Paneth cells than that of VDR+/+ organoids. The expression levels of Beclin-1 and lysozyme were decreased in VDR∆IEC organoids. Bacterial endotoxin levels were high in the serum from VDR∆IEC mice and made mice susceptible to colitis. In the organoids and colitis IL-10-/- mice, vitamin D3 treatment increased VDR and ATG16L1 protein expression levels, which activated autophagic responses. In summary, intestinal epithelial VDR regulates autophagy and apoptosis through ATG16L1 and Beclin-1. Our studies provide fundamental insights into the tissue-specific function of VDR in modulating the balance between autophagy and apoptosis.-Lu, R., Zhang, Y.-G., Xia, Y., Sun, J. Imbalance of autophagy and apoptosis in intestinal epithelium lacking the vitamin D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong-Guo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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91
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Wenzhao L, Jiangdong N, Deye S, Muliang D, Junjie W, Xianzhe H, Mingming Y, Jun H. Dual regulatory roles of HMGB1 in inflammatory reaction of chondrocyte cells and mice. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2268-2280. [PMID: 31313630 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1642680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common bone diseasesas it is reported that the impact of knee osteoarthritis symptomatic form is estimated at 240/100,000 people per year. The inflammation of articular cartilageis thought to be the pathologic drive for development of this disease. HMGB1(high mobility group box-1), a regulatory factor for gene transcription, could stimulate inflammation response. However, theexact regulatory role of HMGB1 in the inflammation of articular cartilage still need to be elucidated. In the current study, we used Quantitative Real-Time PCR(Q-PCR) to detect them RNA levels of Collagen Type II Alpha 1(Col2a1), Aggrecan, MMP3(Matrix Metallopeptidase 3), MMP13, ADAMTs4 and ADAMTs5; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) was used to detect the content of IL-1β and calpain protein; Cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay and flow cytometryanalysis; Western blot and immunofluorescence assays were applied to assess the expression of HMGB1; Lastly autophagic activity was mainly verified by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Our data revealed that in the early stage of chondrocyte inflammation(3 and 6 h of LPS stimulation), cytosolic HMGB1 attenuated inflammation response by facilitating cell autophagy and preventing cell apoptosis. While in the late stage (24 and 48 h of LPS stimulation), the extracellular HMGB1 stimulated inflammation reaction and contributed to the cartilage destruction in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wenzhao
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Ni Jiangdong
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Song Deye
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Ding Muliang
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Wang Junjie
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Huang Xianzhe
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Yan Mingming
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Huang Jun
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
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92
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Lu H, Zhang Z, Barnie PA, Su Z. Dual faced HMGB1 plays multiple roles in cardiomyocyte senescence and cardiac inflammatory injury. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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93
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Su Q, Liu Y, Lv XW, Ye ZL, Sun YH, Kong BH, Qin ZB. Inhibition of lncRNA TUG1 upregulates miR-142-3p to ameliorate myocardial injury during ischemia and reperfusion via targeting HMGB1- and Rac1-induced autophagy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:12-25. [PMID: 31145943 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a central role in regulating heart diseases. In the present study, we examined the effects of lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)- or hydrogen peroxide-challenged cardiomyocytes, with specific focus on autophagy-induced cell apoptosis. METHODS The expressions of miR-142-3p and TUG1 in H2O2-challenged cardiomyocytes and I/R-injured heart tissue were measured by RT-qPCR. Cell death was measured by trypan blue staining assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V/PI staining and TUNEL assay. Autophagy was examined by quantifying cells or tissues containing LC3+ autophagic vacuoles by immunofluorescence, or by measuring the expressions of autophagy-related biomarkers by Western blot. The direct interaction between miR-142-3p and TUG1, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), or Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) was examined using luciferase reporter assay. The significance of miR-142-3p and TUG1 on cell apoptosis or autophagy was examined using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches. The importance of HMGB1 or Rac1 was assessed using siRNA-mediated gene silencing. RESULTS miR-142-3p was down-regulated, while TUG1 up-regulated in H2O2-challenged cardiomyocytes in vitro and I/R-injured heart tissues in vivo. Functionally, inhibition of TUG1 and overexpression of miR-142-3p inhibited cell apoptosis and autophagy in cardiomyocytes. The function of TUG1 were achieved by sponging miR-142-3p and releasing the suppression of the putative targets of miR-142-3p, HMGB1 and Rac1. Both HMGB1 and Rac1 essentially mediated cell apoptosis and autophagy induced by TUG1. CONCLUSIONS TUG1, by targeting miR-142-3p and up-regulating HMGB1 and Rac1, plays a central role in stimulating autophagic cell apoptosis in ischemia/hypoxia-challenged cardiomyocytes. Down-regulating TUG1 or up-regulating miR-142-3p may ameliorate myocardial injury and protect against acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, PR China
| | - Xiang-Wei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, PR China
| | - Zi-Liang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, PR China
| | - Yu-Han Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Bing-Hui Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Zhen-Bai Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
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Zhang T, Guan XW, Gribben JG, Liu FT, Jia L. Blockade of HMGB1 signaling pathway by ethyl pyruvate inhibits tumor growth in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:330. [PMID: 30988279 PMCID: PMC6465275 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in the tumor microenvironment actively contributes to tumor progression but its role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which HMGB1 promotes tumor growth in DLBCL and whether blockade of HMGB1 signaling pathway could inhibit tumorigenesis. We report that HMGB1 promotes proliferation of DLBCL cells by activation of AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and SRC Proto-Oncogene, Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (Src). Ethyl pyruvate (EP), an anti-inflammatory agent, inhibits HMGB1 active release from DLBCL cells and significantly inhibited proliferation of DLBCL cells in vitro. Treatment with EP significantly prevented and inhibited tumor growth in vivo and prolonged DLBCL-bearing mice survival. EP significantly downregulated HMGB1 expression and phosphorylation of Src and ERK1/2 in mice lymphoma tissue. EP induced accumulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 but downregulated expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Increased nuclear translocation of p27 interacted with CDK2 and cyclin A, which led to blockade of cell cycle progression at the G1 to S phase transition. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that blockade of HMGB1-mediated signaling pathway by EP effectively inhibited DLBCL tumorigenesis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Wen Guan
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - John G Gribben
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Feng-Ting Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China. .,Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.
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95
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Deng M, Scott MJ, Fan J, Billiar TR. Location is the key to function: HMGB1 in sepsis and trauma-induced inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:161-169. [PMID: 30946496 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir1218-497r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional nuclear protein, probably known best as a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. However, HMGB1 has multiple functions that depend on its location in the nucleus, in the cytosol, or extracellularly after either active release from cells, or passive release upon lytic cell death. Movement of HMGB1 between cellular compartments is a dynamic process induced by a variety of cell stresses and disease processes, including sepsis, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock. Location of HMGB1 is intricately linked with its function and is regulated by a series of posttranslational modifications. HMGB1 function is also regulated by the redox status of critical cysteine residues within the protein, and is cell-type dependent. This review highlights some of the mechanisms that contribute to location and functions of HMGB1, and focuses on some recent insights on important intracellular effects of HMGB1 during sepsis and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie J Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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96
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Di X, He G, Chen H, Zhu C, Qin Q, Yan J, Zhang X, Sun X. High-mobility group box 1 protein modulated proliferation and radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:728-735. [PMID: 29968320 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein plays an important role in a lot of biological behaviors, including DNA damage repair, gene transcription, cell replication, and cell death, and its expression is higher in many solid tumors tissues than in their adjacent normal tissues, and it is always involved in tumor proliferation, metastasis, therapeutic tolerance, and poor prognosis. However, HMGB1 in proliferation and radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poorly understood. In this study, the effect of HMGB1 on proliferation, cell death, DNA damage repair and radioresistance, and its underlying mechanism was investigated in human ESCC. METHODS The immunohistochemistry scores of tumor and adjacent normal tissues in ESCC tissue microarray were analyzed. Stable HMGB1 knockdown cell lines were constructed using Kyse150 and Kyse450 cells. Cell viability, radioresistance, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage were determined using CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, clonogenic survival assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blot assays. RESULTS Differential analyses showed that the expression of HMGB1 in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. The downregulation of HMGB1 could effectively inhibit proliferation, increase radiosensitivity, impair DNA damage repair abilities, reduce autophagy, and increase apoptosis rates in ESCC cells after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 is expected to be a potential target for ESCC therapy and radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Di
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofeng He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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97
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Corneth OBJ, Schaper F, Luk F, Asmawidjaja PS, Mus AMC, Horst G, Heeringa P, Hendriks RW, Westra J, Lubberts E. Lack of IL-17 Receptor A signaling aggravates lymphoproliferation in C57BL/6 lpr mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4032. [PMID: 30858513 PMCID: PMC6412096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in Fas function correlate with susceptibility to systemic autoimmune diseases like autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). C57BL/6 lpr (B6/lpr) mice are used as an animal model of ALPS and develop a mild SLE phenotype. Involvement of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been suggested in both phenotypes. Since IL-17 receptor A is part of the signaling pathway of many IL-17 family members we investigated the role of IL-17 receptor signaling in disease development in mice with a B6/lpr background. B6/lpr mice were crossed with IL-17 receptor A deficient (IL-17RA KO) mice and followed over time for disease development. IL-17RA KO/lpr mice presented with significantly enhanced lymphoproliferation compared with B6/lpr mice, which was characterized by dramatic lymphadenomegaly/splenomegaly and increased lymphocyte numbers, expansion of double-negative (DN) T-cells and enhanced plasma cell formation. However, the SLE phenotype was not enhanced, as anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) titers and induction of glomerulonephritis were not different. In contrast, levels of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and anti-HMGB1 autoantibodies were significantly increased in IL-17RA KO/lpr mice compared to B6/lpr mice. These data show that lack of IL-17RA signaling aggravates the lymphoproliferative phenotype in B6/lpr mice but does not affect the SLE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Schaper
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Franka Luk
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S Asmawidjaja
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana M C Mus
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda Horst
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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98
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Qu L, Chen C, Chen Y, Li Y, Tang F, Huang H, He W, Zhang R, Shen L. High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury (ALI): A Review. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1828-1837. [PMID: 30853709 PMCID: PMC6423734 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome in critically ill patients. The identification of novel biological markers for the early diagnosis of ALI and the development of more effective treatments are topics of current research. High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is a late inflammatory mediator associated with sepsis, malignancy, and immune disease. Levels of HMGB1 may reflect the severity of inflammation and tissue damage, indicating a potential role for HMGB1 as a prognostic biomarker in ALI, and a potential target for blocking inflammatory pathways. Several studies have shown that HMGB1 regulates autophagy. Autophagy, or type II programmed cell death, is an essential biological process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Studies have shown that HMGB1 and autophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of many lung diseases including ALI but the specific mechanisms underlying this association remain to be determined. This review aims to provide an update on the current status of the role of HMBG1 and autophagy in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, Christmas island
| | - YangYe Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Nursing, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The 163rd Central Hospital of the Peoples' Liberation Army (PLA), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei He
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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99
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Apios americana Medikus tuber polysaccharide exerts anti-inflammatory effects by activating autophagy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:892-902. [PMID: 30840871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tubers of Apios americana Medikus possess high nutritional value and have been used as food in many countries for a long time. However, few researches have focused on the tuber polysaccharides. In the present study, a purified polysaccharide (ATP-1) was isolated with the average molecular weights of 12.16 kDa. ATP-1 significantly suppressed the release of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, as well as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, ATP-1 reduced oxidative damage via the NF-κB, MAPKs and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, autophagy was activated by HMGB1-Beclin1, Sirt1-FoxO1 and Akt-mTOR signaling pathways, leading to a relief of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation and an expression enhancement of autophagy-related proteins, such as LC3, Beclin1, Atg4, Atg5, and Atg7. In summary, our results suggested that ATP-1 might help to activate the anti-inflammation system,resulting in prevention of LPS-induced damage in RAW264.7 cells.
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100
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Bhat SM, Massey N, Karriker LA, Singh B, Charavaryamath C. Ethyl pyruvate reduces organic dust-induced airway inflammation by targeting HMGB1-RAGE signaling. Respir Res 2019; 20:27. [PMID: 30728013 PMCID: PMC6364446 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal production workers are persistently exposed to organic dust and can suffer from a variety of respiratory disease symptoms and annual decline in lung function. The role of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in inflammatory airway diseases is emerging. Hence, we tested a hypothesis that organic dust exposure of airway epithelial cells induces nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and blocking this translocation dampens organic dust-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Rats were exposed to either ambient air or swine barn (8 h/day for either 1, 5, or 20 days) and lung tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry. Swine barn dust was collected and organic dust extract (ODE) was prepared and sterilized. Human airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was exposed to either media or organic dust extract followed by treatment with media or ethyl pyruvate (EP) or anti-HMGB1 antibody. Immunoblotting, ELISA and other assays were performed at 0 (control), 6, 24 and 48 h. Data (as mean ± SEM) was analyzed using one or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc comparison test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Compared to controls, barn exposed rats showed an increase in the expression of HMGB1 in the lungs. Compared to controls, ODE exposed BEAS-2B cells showed nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, co-localization of HMGB1 and RAGE, reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. EP treatment reduced the ODE induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, HMGB1 expression in the cytoplasmic fraction, GM-CSF and IL-1β production and augmented the production of TGF-β1 and IL-10. Anti-HMGB1 treatment reduced ODE-induced NF-κB p65 expression, IL-6, ROS and RNS but augmented TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1-RAGE signaling is an attractive target to abrogate OD-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Locke A. Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, 2203 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Iowa State university, Ames, IA USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2500 University Dr. NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4 Canada
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