51
|
Carino D, Agostinelli A, Molardi A, Benassi F, Gherli T, Nicolini F. The role of genetic testing in the prevention of acute aortic dissection. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:15-23. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487318756433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although much has been learned about disease of the thoracic aorta, most diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is still incidental. The importance of the genetic aspects in thoracic aortic disease is overwhelming, and today different mutations which cause TAA or alter its natural history have been discovered. Technological advance has made available testing which detects genetic mutations linked to TAA. This article analyses the genetic aspects of TAA and describes the possible role of genetic tests in the clinical setting in preventing devastating complications of TAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Carino
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Andrea Agostinelli
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Molardi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Filippo Benassi
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziano Gherli
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicolini
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Parma General Hospital, University of Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
A zebrafish model of foxe3 deficiency demonstrates lens and eye defects with dysregulation of key genes involved in cataract formation in humans. Hum Genet 2018; 137:315-328. [PMID: 29713869 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Forkhead box E3 (FOXE3) gene encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead/winged helix domain that is critical for development of the lens and anterior segment of the eye. Monoallelic and biallelic deleterious sequence variants in FOXE3 cause aphakia, cataracts, sclerocornea and microphthalmia in humans. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 injections to target the foxe3 transcript in zebrafish in order to create an experimental model of loss of function for this gene. Larvae that were homozygous for an indel variant, c.296_300delTGCAG, predicting p.(Val99Alafs*2), demonstrated severe eye defects, including small or absent lenses and microphthalmia. The lenses of the homozygous foxe3 indel mutants showed more intense staining with zl-1 antibody compared to control lenses, consistent with increased lens fiber cell differentiation. Whole genome transcriptome analysis (RNA-Seq) on RNA isolated from wildtype larvae and larvae with eye defects that were putative homozygotes for the foxe3 indel variant found significant dysregulation of genes expressed in the lens and eye whose orthologues are associated with cataracts in human patients, including cryba2a, cryba1l1, mipa and hsf4. Comparative analysis of this RNA-seq data with iSyTE data identified several lens-enriched genes to be down-regulated in foxe3 indel mutants. We also noted upregulation of lgsn and crygmxl2 and downregulation of fmodb and cx43.4, genes that are expressed in the zebrafish lens, but that are not yet associated with an eye phenotype in humans. These findings demonstrate that this new zebrafish foxe3 mutant model is highly relevant to the study of the gene regulatory networks conserved in vertebrate lens and eye development.
Collapse
|
53
|
Brownstein AJ, Ziganshin BA, Elefteriades JA. Human aortic aneurysm genomic dictionary: is it possible? Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 35:57-66. [PMID: 33061067 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-018-0659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA), a typically silent but frequently lethal disease, is strongly influenced by underlying genetics. Approximately 30 genes have been associated with syndromic and non-syndromic familial thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) to date. An estimated 30% of patients with non-syndromic familial TAAD, which is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, have a mutation in one of these genes. The underlying genetic mutation helps predict patients' clinical presentation, risk of aortic dissection at small aortic sizes (< 5.0 cm), and risk of other cardiovascular disease. As a result, a TAAD genomic dictionary based on these genes is necessary to provide optimal patient care, but is not on its own sufficient as this disease is typically inherited with reduced penetrance and has widely variable expressivity. Next-generation sequencing has been and will continue to be critical for identifying novel genes and variants associated with TAAD as well as genotype-phenotype correlations that will allow for management to be targeted to not only the underlying gene harboring the pathogenic variant but also the specific mutation identified. The aortic dictionary, to which a clinician can turn to obtain information on clinical consequences of a specific genetic variants, is not only possible, but has been substantially written already. As additional entries to the dictionary are made, truly personalized, genetically based, aneurysm care can be delivered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Joseph Brownstein
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Clinic Building-CB317, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - Bulat Ayratovich Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Clinic Building-CB317, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| | - John Alex Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Clinic Building-CB317, New Haven, CT 06519 USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Anand D, Agrawal SA, Slavotinek A, Lachke SA. Mutation update of transcription factor genes FOXE3, HSF4, MAF, and PITX3 causing cataracts and other developmental ocular defects. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:471-494. [PMID: 29314435 PMCID: PMC5839989 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor genes FOXE3, HSF4, MAF, and PITX3 cause congenital lens defects including cataracts that may be accompanied by defects in other components of the eye or in nonocular tissues. We comprehensively describe here all the variants in FOXE3, HSF4, MAF, and PITX3 genes linked to human developmental defects. A total of 52 variants for FOXE3, 18 variants for HSF4, 20 variants for MAF, and 19 variants for PITX3 identified so far in isolated cases or within families are documented. This effort reveals FOXE3, HSF4, MAF, and PITX3 to have 33, 16, 18, and 7 unique causal mutations, respectively. Loss-of-function mutant animals for these genes have served to model the pathobiology of the associated human defects, and we discuss the currently known molecular function of these genes, particularly with emphasis on their role in ocular development. Finally, we make the detailed FOXE3, HSF4, MAF, and PITX3 variant information available in the Leiden Online Variation Database (LOVD) platform at https://www.LOVD.nl/FOXE3, https://www.LOVD.nl/HSF4, https://www.LOVD.nl/MAF, and https://www.LOVD.nl/PITX3. Thus, this article informs on key variants in transcription factor genes linked to cataract, aphakia, corneal opacity, glaucoma, microcornea, microphthalmia, anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis, and Ayme-Gripp syndrome, and facilitates their access through Web-based databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Smriti A. Agrawal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, CA 19716 USA
| | - Salil A. Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711 USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Sinha S, Santoro MM. New models to study vascular mural cell embryonic origin: implications in vascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:481-491. [PMID: 29385541 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A key question in vascular biology is how the diversity of origin of vascular mural cells, namely smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and pericytes influences vessel properties, in particular the regional propensity to vascular diseases. This review therefore first describes the role and regulation of mural cells during vascular formation, with a focus on embryonic origin. We then consider the evidence that connects heterogeneities in SMC and pericyte origins with disease. Since this idea has major implications for understanding and modelling human disease, then there is a pressing need for new model systems to investigate mural cell development and the consequences of heterogeneity. Recent advances arising from in vitro strategies for deriving mural cells from human pluripotent stem cells as well as from the zebrafish model will be discussed and the medical relevance of these discoveries will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Massimo Mattia Santoro
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Redox Metabolism, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Plaisancié J, Ragge N, Dollfus H, Kaplan J, Lehalle D, Francannet C, Morin G, Colineaux H, Calvas P, Chassaing N. FOXE3
mutations: genotype-phenotype correlations. Clin Genet 2018; 93:837-845. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Plaisancié
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1056; Université Toulouse III; Toulouse France
| | - N.K. Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Oxford Brookes University; Oxford UK
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service; Birmingham Women and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - H. Dollfus
- Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique; CARGO, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Strasbourg France
| | - J. Kaplan
- INSERM U1163; Génétique Ophtalmologique; Paris France
| | - D. Lehalle
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence "Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs; Hôpital d'Enfants; Dijon France
| | - C. Francannet
- Service de Génétique Médicale; CHU Estaing; Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - G. Morin
- Service de génétique; Hôpital nord d’Amiens; Amiens France
| | - H. Colineaux
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Economics and Public Health; Toulouse University Hospital; France
- LEASP UMR1027, INSERM; Université Toulouse III; Toulouse France
| | - P. Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1056; Université Toulouse III; Toulouse France
| | - N. Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU Toulouse; Toulouse France
- INSERM U1056; Université Toulouse III; Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Wagenseil JE. Bio-chemo-mechanics of thoracic aortic aneurysms. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 5:50-57. [PMID: 29911202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) occur in the ascending aorta. This review focuses on the unique bio-chemo-mechanical environment that makes the ascending aorta susceptible to TAA. The environment includes solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, cell phenotype, and extracellular matrix composition. Advances in solid mechanics include quantification of biaxial deformation and complex failure behavior of the TAA wall. Advances in fluid mechanics include imaging and modeling of hemodynamics that may lead to TAA formation. For cell phenotype, studies demonstrate changes in cell contractility that may serve to sense mechanical changes and transduce chemical signals. Studies on matrix defects highlight the multi-factorial nature of the disease. We conclude that future work should integrate the effects of bio-chemo-mechanical factors for improved TAA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Wagenseil
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Brownstein AJ, Kostiuk V, Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Kuivaniemi H, Body SC, Bale AE, Elefteriades JA. Genes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: 2018 Update and Clinical Implications. AORTA (STAMFORD, CONN.) 2018; 6:13-20. [PMID: 30079932 PMCID: PMC6136681 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1639612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms, with an estimated prevalence in the general population of 1%, are potentially lethal, via rupture or dissection. Over the prior two decades, there has been an exponential increase in our understanding of the genetics of thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection (TAAD). To date, 30 genes have been shown to be associated with the development of TAAD and ∼30% of individuals with nonsyndromic familial TAAD have a pathogenic mutation in one of these genes. This review represents the authors' yearly update summarizing the genes associated with TAAD, including implications for the surgical treatment of TAAD. Molecular genetics will continue to revolutionize the approach to patients afflicted with this devastating disease, permitting the application of genetically personalized aortic care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Brownstein
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Valentyna Kostiuk
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bulat A. Ziganshin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgical Diseases # 2, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mohammad A. Zafar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Simon C. Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allen E. Bale
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John A. Elefteriades
- Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Robinet P, Milewicz DM, Cassis LA, Leeper NJ, Lu HS, Smith JD. Consideration of Sex Differences in Design and Reporting of Experimental Arterial Pathology Studies-Statement From ATVB Council. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:292-303. [PMID: 29301789 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are many differences in arterial diseases between men and women, including prevalence, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis. The new policy of the National Institutes of Health, which requires the inclusion of sex as a biological variable for preclinical studies, aims to foster new mechanistic insights and to enhance our understanding of sex differences in human diseases. The purpose of this statement is to suggest guidelines for designing and reporting sex as a biological variable in animal models of atherosclerosis, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. We briefly review sex differences of these human diseases and their animal models, followed by suggestions on experimental design and reporting of animal studies for these vascular pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Robinet
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.)
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (P.R., J.D.S.); Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.); Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (L.A.C.) and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology (H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, CA (N.J.L.).
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Eidsaa M, Stubbs L, Almaas E. Comparative analysis of weighted gene co-expression networks in human and mouse. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187611. [PMID: 29161290 PMCID: PMC5697817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of complex network modeling to analyze large co-expression data sets has gained traction during the last decade. In particular, the use of the weighted gene co-expression network analysis framework has allowed an unbiased and systems-level investigation of genotype-phenotype relationships in a wide range of systems. Since mouse is an important model organism for biomedical research on human disease, it is of great interest to identify similarities and differences in the functional roles of human and mouse orthologous genes. Here, we develop a novel network comparison approach which we demonstrate by comparing two gene-expression data sets from a large number of human and mouse tissues. The method uses weighted topological overlap alongside the recently developed network-decomposition method of s-core analysis, which is suitable for making gene-centrality rankings for weighted networks. The aim is to identify globally central genes separately in the human and mouse networks. By comparing the ranked gene lists, we identify genes that display conserved or diverged centrality-characteristics across the networks. This framework only assumes a single threshold value that is chosen from a statistical analysis, and it may be applied to arbitrary network structures and edge-weight distributions, also outside the context of biology. When conducting the comparative network analysis, both within and across the two species, we find a clear pattern of enrichment of transcription factors, for the homeobox domain in particular, among the globally central genes. We also perform gene-ontology term enrichment analysis and look at disease-related genes for the separate networks as well as the network comparisons. We find that gene ontology terms related to regulation and development are generally enriched across the networks. In particular, the genes FOXE3, RHO, RUNX2, ALX3 and RARA, which are disease genes in either human or mouse, are on the top-10 list of globally central genes in the human and mouse networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Eidsaa
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisa Stubbs
- Institute for Genomic Biology, Neuroscience Program, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaigne, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Eivind Almaas
- Department of Biotechnology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Koenig SN, LaHaye S, Feller JD, Rowland P, Hor KN, Trask AJ, Janssen PM, Radtke F, Lilly B, Garg V. Notch1 haploinsufficiency causes ascending aortic aneurysms in mice. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91353. [PMID: 29093270 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA) is a life-threatening disease whose molecular basis is poorly understood. Mutations in NOTCH1 have been linked to bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), which is associated with AscAA. Here, we describe a potentially novel role for Notch1 in AscAA. We found that Notch1 haploinsufficiency exacerbated the aneurysmal aortic root dilation seen in the Marfan syndrome mouse model and that heterozygous deletion of Notch1 in the second heart field (SHF) lineage recapitulated this exacerbated phenotype. Additionally, Notch1+/- mice in a predominantly 129S6 background develop aortic root dilation, indicating that loss of Notch1 is sufficient to cause AscAA. RNA sequencing analysis of the Notch1.129S6+/- aortic root demonstrated gene expression changes consistent with AscAA. These findings are the first to our knowledge to demonstrate an SHF lineage-specific role for Notch1 in AscAA and suggest that genes linked to the development of BAV may also contribute to the associated aortopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Koenig
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - James D Feller
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Rowland
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kan N Hor
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Paul Ml Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brenda Lilly
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute.,Department of Molecular Genetics.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Yamashiro Y, Yanagisawa H. Crossing Bridges between Extra- and Intra-Cellular Events in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:99-110. [PMID: 28943527 PMCID: PMC5827090 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are common, life-threatening diseases and are a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Over the past decade, genetic approaches have revealed that 1) activation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, 2) alterations in the contractile apparatus of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and 3) defects in the extracellular matrix (ECM) were responsible for development of TAAs. Most recently, a fourth mechanism has been proposed in that dysfunction of mechanosensing in the aortic wall in response to hemodynamic stress may be a key driver of TAAs. Interestingly, the elastin-contractile unit, which is an anatomical and functional unit connecting extracellular elastic laminae to the intracellular SMC contractile filaments, via cell surface receptors, has been shown to play a critical role in the mechanosensing of SMCs, and many genes identified in TAAs encode for proteins along this continuum. However, it is still debated whether these four pathways converge into a common pathway. Currently, an effective therapeutic strategy based on the underlying mechanism of each type of TAAs has not been established. In this review, we will update the present knowledge on the molecular mechanism of TAAs with a focus on the signaling pathways potentially involved in the initiation of TAAs. Finally, we will evaluate current therapeutic strategies for TAAs and propose new directions for future treatment of TAAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamashiro
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Wangler MF, Yamamoto S, Chao HT, Posey JE, Westerfield M, Postlethwait J, Hieter P, Boycott KM, Campeau PM, Bellen HJ. Model Organisms Facilitate Rare Disease Diagnosis and Therapeutic Research. Genetics 2017; 207:9-27. [PMID: 28874452 PMCID: PMC5586389 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.203067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to identify the genetic underpinnings of rare undiagnosed diseases increasingly involve the use of next-generation sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization methods. These efforts are limited by a lack of knowledge regarding gene function, and an inability to predict the impact of genetic variation on the encoded protein function. Diagnostic challenges posed by undiagnosed diseases have solutions in model organism research, which provides a wealth of detailed biological information. Model organism geneticists are by necessity experts in particular genes, gene families, specific organs, and biological functions. Here, we review the current state of research into undiagnosed diseases, highlighting large efforts in North America and internationally, including the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (Supplemental Material, File S1) and UDN International (UDNI), the Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMG), and the Canadian Rare Diseases Models and Mechanisms Network (RDMM). We discuss how merging human genetics with model organism research guides experimental studies to solve these medical mysteries, gain new insights into disease pathogenesis, and uncover new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Child Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - John Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Philip Hieter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4C, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Wu L. Functional characteristics of a novel SMAD4 mutation from thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). Gene 2017; 628:129-133. [PMID: 28716708 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SMAD4 is as an essential mediator of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and dysregulated TGF-β signaling is linked with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). In this study, we functionally characterized the Smad4 S271N mutation (the mutation c. 812G>A in Smad4 results in the amino acid substitution Ser271Asn) that was isolated from TAA individuals. We first constructed wild-type human Smad4 and Smad4 S271N plasmids. These constructs were then transiently transfected into HEK293T cells, and subsequent real-time PCR and western blotting demonstrated that wild-type Smad4 and Smad4 S271N were successfully expressed in 293T cells. We found that HEK293T cells overexpressing Smad4 S271N showed a strong increase in both cytoplasmic and nuclear Smad4 protein levels in response to TGF-β1. Although TGF-β signaling was the same in wild-type Smad4- and Smad4 S271N-transfected cells following TGF-β1 exposure, interestingly, we observed that transient Smad4 S271N expression in HEK293T cells caused a significant basal activation of TGF-β signaling. These results indicated that Smad4 may not directly induce TAA; rather it may contribute to TAA in combination with other risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Wu
- Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Taiyuan, Shanxi 30001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Exome Sequencing Identifies Candidate Genetic Modifiers of Syndromic and Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Severity. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:423-432. [PMID: 28550590 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a genetic disease predisposing to aortic dissection. It is important to identify the genetic modifiers controlling penetrance and expressivity to improve clinical prognostication. Exome sequencing was performed in 27 subjects with syndromic or familial TAA presenting with extreme phenotypes (15 with severe TAA; 12 with mild or absent TAA). Family-based analysis of a subset of the cohort identified variants, genes, and pathways segregating with TAA severity among three families. A rare missense variant in ADCK4 (p.Arg63Trp) segregated with mild TAA in each family. Genes and pathways identified in families were further investigated in the entire cohort using the optimal unified sequence kernel association test, finding significance for the gene COL15A1 (p = 0.025) and the retina homeostasis pathway (p = 0.035). Thus, we identified candidate genetic modifiers of TAA severity by exome-based study of extreme phenotypes, which may lead to improved risk stratification and development of new medical therapies.
Collapse
|
66
|
Shen YH, LeMaire SA. Molecular pathogenesis of genetic and sporadic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Curr Probl Surg 2017; 54:95-155. [PMID: 28521856 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Brownstein AJ, Ziganshin BA, Kuivaniemi H, Body SC, Bale AE, Elefteriades JA. Genes Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection: An Update and Clinical Implications. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2017; 5:11-20. [PMID: 28868310 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2017.17.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a lethal disease, with a natural history of enlarging progressively until dissection or rupture occurs. Since the discovery almost 20 years ago that ascending TAAs are highly familial, our understanding of the genetics of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) has increased exponentially. At least 29 genes have been shown to be associated with the development of TAAD, the majority of which encode proteins involved in the extracellular matrix, smooth muscle cell contraction or metabolism, or the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Almost one-quarter of TAAD patients have a mutation in one of these genes. In this review, we provide a summary of TAAD-associated genes, associated clinical features of the vasculature, and implications for surgical treatment of TAAD. With the widespread use of next-generation sequencing and development of novel functional assays, the future of the genetics of TAAD is bright, as both novel TAAD genes and variants within the genes will continue to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Brownstein
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bulat A Ziganshin
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen E Bale
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are a major health problem because they account for 1-2% of all deaths in the Western population. Although abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are more prevalent than thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs), TAAs have been more exhaustively studied over the past 2 decades because they have a higher heritability and affect younger individuals. Gene identification in both syndromic and nonsyndromic TAA is proceeding at a rapid pace and has already pinpointed >20 genes associated with familial TAA risk. Whereas these genes explain <30% of all cases of familial TAA, their functional characterization has substantially improved our knowledge of the underlying pathological mechanisms. As such, perturbed extracellular matrix homeostasis, transforming growth factor-β signalling, and vascular smooth muscle cell contractility have been proposed as important processes in TAA pathogenesis. These new insights enable novel treatment options that are currently being investigated in large clinical trials. Moreover, together with the advent of next-generation sequencing approaches, these genetic findings are promoting a shift in the management of patients with TAA by enabling gene-tailored interventions. In this Review, we comprehensively describe the molecular landscape of familial TAA, and we discuss whether familial TAA, from a biological point of view, can serve as a paradigm for the genetically more complex forms of the condition, such as sporadic TAA or AAA.
Collapse
|
69
|
Milewicz DM, Prakash SK, Ramirez F. Therapeutics Targeting Drivers of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Acute Aortic Dissections: Insights from Predisposing Genes and Mouse Models. Annu Rev Med 2017; 68:51-67. [PMID: 28099082 PMCID: PMC5499376 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-100415-022956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic diseases, including aneurysms and dissections of the thoracic aorta, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for thoracic aortic disease include increased hemodynamic forces on the ascending aorta, typically due to poorly controlled hypertension, and heritable genetic variants. The altered genes predisposing to thoracic aortic disease either disrupt smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction or adherence to an impaired extracellular matrix, or decrease canonical transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Paradoxically, TGF-β hyperactivity has been postulated to be the primary driver for the disease. More recently, it has been proposed that the response of aortic SMCs to the hemodynamic load on a structurally defective aorta is the primary driver of thoracic aortic disease, and that TGF-β overactivity in diseased aortas is a secondary, unproductive response to restore tissue function. The engineering of mouse models of inherited aortopathies has identified potential therapeutic agents to prevent thoracic aortic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - Francesco Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Aortic Aneurysms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7268521. [PMID: 28116311 PMCID: PMC5237727 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7268521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysms are characterized by structural deterioration of the vascular wall leading to progressive dilatation and, potentially, rupture of the aorta. While aortic aneurysms often remain clinically silent, the morbidity and mortality associated with aneurysm expansion and rupture are considerable. Over 13,000 deaths annually in the United States are attributable to aortic aneurysm rupture with less than 1 in 3 persons with aortic aneurysm rupture surviving to surgical intervention. Environmental and epidemiologic risk factors including smoking, male gender, hypertension, older age, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and family history are highly associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms, while heritable genetic mutations are commonly associated with aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. Similar to other forms of cardiovascular disease, family history, genetic variation, and heritable mutations modify the risk of aortic aneurysm formation and provide mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of human aortic aneurysms. This review will examine the relationship between heritable genetic and epigenetic influences on thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and rupture.
Collapse
|
71
|
Milewicz DM, Trybus KM, Guo DC, Sweeney HL, Regalado E, Kamm K, Stull JT. Altered Smooth Muscle Cell Force Generation as a Driver of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:26-34. [PMID: 27879251 PMCID: PMC5222685 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.303229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of maintaining contractile function in aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is evident by the fact that heterozygous mutations in the major structural proteins or kinases controlling contraction lead to the formation of aneurysms of the ascending thoracic aorta that predispose to life-threatening aortic dissections. Force generation by SMC requires ATP-dependent cyclic interactions between filaments composed of SMC-specific isoforms of α-actin (encoded by ACTA2) and myosin heavy chain (MYH11). ACTA2 and MYH11 mutations are predicted or have been shown to disrupt this cyclic interaction predispose to thoracic aortic disease. Movement of the myosin motor domain is controlled by phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain on the myosin filament, and loss-of-function mutations in the dedicated kinase for this phosphorylation, myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) also predispose to thoracic aortic disease. Finally, a mutation in the cGMP-activated protein kinase (PRKG1) results in constitutive activation of the kinase in the absence of cGMP, thus driving SMC relaxation in part through increased dephosphorylation of the regulatory light chain and predisposes to thoracic aortic disease. Furthermore, SMCs cannot generate force without connections to the extracellular matrix through focal adhesions, and mutations in the major protein in the extracellular matrix, fibrillin-1, linking SMCs to the matrix also cause thoracic aortic disease in individuals with Marfan syndrome. Thus, disruption of the ability of the aortic SMC to generate force through the elastin-contractile units in response to pulsatile blood flow may be a primary driver for thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Aortic Dissection/genetics
- Aortic Dissection/metabolism
- Aortic Dissection/pathology
- Aortic Dissection/physiopathology
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I/genetics
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I/metabolism
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Elastin/metabolism
- Genetic Markers
- Genetic Testing
- Heredity
- Humans
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/genetics
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Pulsatile Flow
- Vasoconstriction/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianna M Milewicz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M., D.-c.G., E.R.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (K.M.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (H.L.S.); and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.K. J.T.S.).
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M., D.-c.G., E.R.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (K.M.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (H.L.S.); and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.K. J.T.S.)
| | - Dong-Chuan Guo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M., D.-c.G., E.R.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (K.M.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (H.L.S.); and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.K. J.T.S.)
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M., D.-c.G., E.R.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (K.M.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (H.L.S.); and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.K. J.T.S.)
| | - Ellen Regalado
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M., D.-c.G., E.R.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (K.M.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (H.L.S.); and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.K. J.T.S.)
| | - Kristine Kamm
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M., D.-c.G., E.R.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (K.M.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (H.L.S.); and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.K. J.T.S.)
| | - James T Stull
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M., D.-c.G., E.R.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington (K.M.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville (H.L.S.); and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (K.K. J.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Guo DC, Grove M, Prakash S, Eriksson P, Hostetler E, LeMaire S, Body S, Shalhub S, Estrera A, Safi H, Regalado E, Zhou W, Mathis M, Eagle K, Yang B, Willer C, Boerwinkle E, Milewicz D, Boerwinkle E, Milewicz DM. Genetic Variants in LRP1 and ULK4 Are Associated with Acute Aortic Dissections. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:762-769. [PMID: 27569546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute aortic dissections are a preventable cause of sudden death if individuals at risk are identified and surgically repaired in a non-emergency setting. Although mutations in single genes can be used to identify at-risk individuals, the majority of dissection case subjects do not have evidence of a single gene disorder, but rather have the other major risk factor for dissections, hypertension. Initial genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified SNPs at the FBN1 locus associated with both thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Here, we used the Illumina HumanExome array to genotype 753 individuals of European descent presenting specifically with non-familial, sporadic thoracic aortic dissection (STAD) and compared them to the genotypes of 2,259 control subjects from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study matched for age, gender, and, for the majority of cases, hypertension. SNPs in FBN1, LRP1, and ULK4 were identified to be significantly associated with STAD, and these results were replicated in two independent cohorts. Combining the data from all cohorts confirmed an inverse association between LRP1 rs11172113 and STAD (p = 2.74 × 10(-8); OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.76-0.89) and a direct association between ULK4 rs2272007 and STAD (p = 1.15 × 10(-9); OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.23-1.49). Genomic copy-number variation analysis independently confirmed that ULK4 deletions were significantly associated with development of thoracic aortic disease. These results indicate that genetic variations in LRP1 and ULK4 contribute to risk for presenting with an acute aortic dissection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition caused by a tear in the intimal layer of the aorta or bleeding within the aortic wall, resulting in the separation (dissection) of the layers of the aortic wall. Aortic dissection is most common in those 65-75 years of age, with an incidence of 35 cases per 100,000 people per year in this population. Other risk factors include hypertension, dyslipidaemia and genetic disorders that involve the connective tissue, such as Marfan syndrome. Swift diagnostic confirmation and adequate treatment are crucial in managing affected patients. Contemporary management is multidisciplinary and includes serial non-invasive imaging, biomarker testing and genetic risk profiling for aortopathy. The choice of approach for repairing or replacing the damaged region of the aorta depends on the severity and the location of the dissection and the risks of complication from surgery. Open surgical repair is most commonly used for dissections involving the ascending aorta and the aortic arch, whereas minimally invasive endovascular intervention is appropriate for descending aorta dissections that are complicated by rupture, malperfusion, ongoing pain, hypotension or imaging features of high risk. Recent advances in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of aortic dissection have led to more patients being considered at substantial risk of complications and, therefore, in need of endovascular intervention rather than only medical or surgical intervention.
Collapse
|
74
|
Kwartler C, Zhou P, Kuang SQ, Duan XY, Gong L, Milewicz D. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Isolation and Culture from Mouse Aorta. Bio Protoc 2016. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|