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Selective drug combination vulnerabilities in STAT3- and TP53-mutant malignant NK cells. Blood Adv 2021; 5:1862-1875. [PMID: 33792631 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms are rare but very aggressive types of cancers. With currently available treatments, they have a very poor prognosis and, as such, are an example of group of cancers in which the development of effective precision therapies is needed. Using both short- and long-term drug sensitivity testing, we explored novel ways to target NK-cell neoplasms by combining the clinically approved JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib with other targeted agents. We profiled 7 malignant NK-cell lines in drug sensitivity screens and identified that these exhibit differential drug sensitivities based on their genetic background. In short-term assays, various classes of drugs combined with ruxolitinib seemed highly potent. Strikingly, resistance to most of these combinations emerged rapidly when explored in long-term assays. However, 4 combinations were identified that selectively eradicated the cancer cells and did not allow for development of resistance: ruxolitinib combined with the mouse double-minute 2 homolog (MDM2) inhibitor idasanutlin in STAT3-mutant, TP53 wild-type cell lines; ruxolitinib combined with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in TP53-mutant cell lines; and ruxolitinib combined with either the glucocorticoid dexamethasone or the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) inhibitor S63845 but both without a clear link to underlying genetic features. In conclusion, using a new drug sensitivity screening approach, we identified drug combinations that selectively target mature NK-cell neoplasms and do not allow for development of resistance, some of which can be applied in a genetically stratified manner.
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El-Kott AF, ElBealy ER, Alshehri AS, El-Kenawy AE, Khalifa HS, AlRamlawy AM. Salidroside induces cell apoptosis and inhibits the invasiveness of HT29 colorectal cells by regulating protein kinase R, NF-κB and STAT3. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:13-25. [PMID: 33749640 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase R (PKR) can suppress various types of solid tumors by inducing cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis. Likewise, Slaidorside, a plant flavonoid, was shown to have anti-tumorigenesis in many solid tumors. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated anti-tumorigenesis of Salidroside in HT29 colorectal cancer and investigated if the underlying mechanism involves activation of PKR. METHODS Control or PKR deficient cells were cultured in DMEM media treated with 100 μM Salidroside and cell survival, apoptosis, and other biochemical-related markers were evaluated. RESULTS Salidroside significantly reduced cell survival and proliferation and increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and levels of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). It also increased the protein levels of caspases 3 and 8. Concomitantly, Salidroside increased the protein level and activity of PKR and increased the expression of its downstream targets, p-eIF2α (Ser51), p53 MAPK, and p53. On the contrary, it inhibited the nuclear activation of STAT-3 and NF-κB p65. In PKR deficient cells, the partial effects of Salidroside on cell survival, proliferation, and apoptotic markers were observed coincided with no effects on the expression of eIF-2α, and JNK, p53, p38 MAPK, and caspase 8 but with a significant decrease in the nuclear activities of STAT3 and NF-κB. CONCLUSION Salidroside suppresses the tumorigenesis of HT29 CRC by increasing activation of eIF-2α and JNK and upregulation of p53, p38 MAPK, and caspase-8 through upregulating and activation of PKR. However, the tumor suppressor effect of Salidroside requires also inhibition of STAT3 and NF-κB in a PKR-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Eman R ElBealy
- Biology Department, College of Science for Girls, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E El-Kenawy
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Khalifa
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amira M AlRamlawy
- Mansoura Research Centre for Cord Stem Cell (MARC-CSC), Stem Cells Bank, Children's Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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53
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Faletti L, Ehl S, Heeg M. Germline STAT3 gain-of-function mutations in primary immunodeficiency: Impact on the cellular and clinical phenotype. Biomed J 2021; 44:412-421. [PMID: 34366294 PMCID: PMC8514798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor involved in regulation of immune cell activation and differentiation. Recent discoveries highlight the role of germline activating STAT3 mutations in inborn errors of immunity characterized by early-onset multi-organ autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Much progress has been made in defining the clinical spectrum of STAT3 GOF disease and unraveling the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this disease. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the disease and discuss the clinical phenotype, diagnostic approach, cellular and molecular effects of STAT3 GOF mutations and therapeutic concepts for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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The Effects of Resveratrol on Prostate Cancer through Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:16-32. [PMID: 33535458 PMCID: PMC7931005 DOI: 10.3390/jox11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since over 60% of prostate cancer cases occur in men over 65 years of age, and this population will increase steadily in the coming years, prostate cancer will be a major cancer-related burden in the foreseeable future. Accumulating data from more recent research suggest that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a previously unrecognized role in every stage of cancer development, including initiation, proliferation, and metastasis. Prostate cancer is not only diagnosed in the late stages of life, but also progresses relatively slowly. This makes prostate cancer an ideal model system for exploring the potential of natural products as cancer prevention and/or treatment reagents because they usually act relatively slowly compared to most synthetic drugs. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring stilbenoid and possesses strong anti-cancer properties with few adverse effects. Accumulating data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that RSV can interfere with prostate cancer initiation and progression by targeting the TME. Therefore, this review is aimed to summarize the recent advancement in RSV-inhibited prostate cancer initiation, proliferation, and metastasis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, with particular emphasis on the effect of RSV on TME. This will not only better our understanding of prostate cancer TMEs, but also pave the way for the development of RSV as a potential reagent for prostate cancer prevention and/or therapy.
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55
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Signaling Pathway Mediating Myeloma Cell Growth and Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020216. [PMID: 33435632 PMCID: PMC7827005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and delineation of the intracellular signaling pathways activated in the BM microenvironment in MM cells is essential to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcome. Abstract The multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow (BM) microenvironment consists of different types of accessory cells. Both soluble factors (i.e., cytokines) secreted from these cells and adhesion of MM cells to these cells play crucial roles in activation of intracellular signaling pathways mediating MM cell growth, survival, migration, and drug resistance. Importantly, there is crosstalk between the signaling pathways, increasing the complexity of signal transduction networks in MM cells in the BM microenvironment, highlighting the requirement for combination treatment strategies to blocking multiple signaling pathways.
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56
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Liu Y, Liao S, Bennett S, Tang H, Song D, Wood D, Zhan X, Xu J. STAT3 and its targeting inhibitors in osteosarcoma. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12974. [PMID: 33382511 PMCID: PMC7848963 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of seven STAT family members involved with the regulation of cellular growth, differentiation and survival. STAT proteins are conserved among eukaryotes and are important for biological functions of embryogenesis, immunity, haematopoiesis and cell migration. STAT3 is widely expressed and located in the cytoplasm in an inactive form. STAT3 is rapidly and transiently activated by tyrosine phosphorylation by a range of signalling pathways, including cytokines from the IL‐6 family and growth factors, such as EGF and PDGF. STAT3 activation and subsequent dimer formation initiates nuclear translocation of STAT3 for the regulation of target gene transcription. Four STAT3 isoforms have been identified, which have distinct biological functions. STAT3 is considered a proto‐oncogene and constitutive activation of STAT3 is implicated in the development of various cancers, including multiple myeloma, leukaemia and lymphomas. In this review, we focus on recent progress on STAT3 and osteosarcoma (OS). Notably, STAT3 is overexpressed and associated with the poor prognosis of OS. Constitutive activation of STAT3 in OS appears to upregulate the expression of target oncogenes, leading to OS cell transformation, proliferation, tumour formation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. Taken together, STAT3 is a target for cancer therapy, and STAT3 inhibitors represent potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, Guangxi hospital for nationalities, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dezhi Song
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - David Wood
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Inhibitors of the Transcription Factor STAT3 Decrease Growth and Induce Immune Response Genes in Models of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010007. [PMID: 33374980 PMCID: PMC7792575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is characterized by the lack of effective long-term treatments and highly prevalent drug resistance. The paucity of potential therapeutic targets has led to dismal prognosis. We have examined the functional role of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) transcription factor in MPM. Even though highly specific STAT3 inhibitors have not yet come to fruition, we performed experiments targeting STAT3 expression and subsequently supported these experiments with small molecule drugs that were previously validated to target STAT3-dependent activation mechanisms. These drugs are United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and showed efficacy in preclinical models of MPM at concentrations that can safely be achieved in humans. We also identified genes that strongly support the essential role of STAT3 in cell growth and are consistent with a role of STAT3 in immune suppression. Overall, the results establish a central role for STAT3 in tumor growth and encourage further expedient development of STAT3 pathway inhibitors for clinical use. Abstract Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer defined by loss-of-function mutations with few therapeutic options. We examined the contribution of the transcription factor Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to cell growth and gene expression in preclinical models of MPM. STAT3 is activated in a variety of tumors and is thought to be required for the maintenance of cancer stem cells. Targeting STAT3 using specific small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or with the pharmacologic inhibitors atovaquone or pyrimethamine efficiently reduced cell growth in established cell lines and primary-derived lines while showing minimal effects in nontransformed LP9 mesothelial cells. Moreover, atovaquone significantly reduced viability and tumor growth in microfluidic cultures of primary MPM as well as in an in vivo xenotransplant model. Biological changes were linked to modulation of gene expression associated with STAT3 signaling, including cell cycle progression and altered p53 response. Reflecting the role of STAT3 in inducing localized immune suppression, using both atovaquone and pyrimethamine resulted in the modulation of immunoregulatory genes predicted to enhance an immune response, including upregulation of ICOSLG (Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand or B7H2). Thus, our data strongly support a role for STAT3 inhibitors as anti-MPM therapeutics.
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58
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Garg M, Shanmugam MK, Bhardwaj V, Goel A, Gupta R, Sharma A, Baligar P, Kumar AP, Goh BC, Wang L, Sethi G. The pleiotropic role of transcription factor STAT3 in oncogenesis and its targeting through natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1291-1336. [PMID: 33289118 DOI: 10.1002/med.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is one of the crucial transcription factors, responsible for regulating cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, migration, programmed cell death, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and immune activation. In this review, we have discussed the classical regulation of STAT3 via diverse growth factors, cytokines, G-protein-coupled receptors, as well as toll-like receptors. We have also highlighted the potential role of noncoding RNAs in regulating STAT3 signaling. However, the deregulation of STAT3 signaling has been found to be associated with the initiation and progression of both solid and hematological malignancies. Additionally, hyperactivation of STAT3 signaling can maintain the cancer stem cell phenotype by modulating the tumor microenvironment, cellular metabolism, and immune responses to favor drug resistance and metastasis. Finally, we have also discussed several plausible ways to target oncogenic STAT3 signaling using various small molecules derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vipul Bhardwaj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akul Goel
- La Canada High School, La Canada Flintridge, California, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arundhiti Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prakash Baligar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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59
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Yao R, Chen Y, Hao H, Guo Z, Cheng X, Ma Y, Ji Q, Yang X, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Z. Pathogenic effects of inhibition of mTORC1/STAT3 axis facilitates Staphylococcus aureus-induced pyroptosis in human macrophages. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:187. [PMID: 33256738 PMCID: PMC7706204 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyroptosis is a recently identified pathway of caspase-mediated cell death in response to microbes, lipopolysaccharide, or chemotherapy in certain types of cells. However, the mechanism of how pyroptosis is regulated is not well-established. METHODS Herein, the intracellular bacteria were detected by staining and laser confocal microscopy and TEM. Live/dead cell imaging assay was used to examine macrophage death. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the protein changes. IFA was used to identify typical budding vesicles of pyroptosis and the STAT3 nuclear localization. SEM was used to observe the morphological characteristics of pyroptosis. ELISA was used to detect the level of inflammatory cytokines. Pyroptosis was filmed in macrophages by LSCM. RESULTS S. aureus was internalized by human macrophages. Intracellular S. aureus induced macrophage death. S. aureus invasion increased the expression of NLRP3, Caspase1 (Casp-1 p20) and the accumulation of GSDMD-NT, GSDMD-NT pore structures, and the release of IL-1β and IL-18 in macrophages. Macrophages pyroptosis induced by S. aureus can be abrogated by blockage of S. aureus phagocytosis. The pyroptosic effect by S. aureus infection was promoted by either rapamycin or Stattic, a specific inhibitor for mTORC1 or STAT3. Inhibition of mTORC1 or STAT3 induced pyroptosis. mTORC1 regulated the pyroptosic gene expression through governing the nuclear localization of STAT3. mTORC1/STAT3 axis may play a regulatory role in pyroptosis within macrophages. CONCLUSIONS S. aureus infection induces human macrophage pyroptosis, inhibition of mTORC1/STAT3 axis facilitates S. aureus-induced pyroptosis. mTORC1 and STAT3 are associated with pyroptosis. Our findings demonstrate a regulatory function of the mTORC1/STAT3 axis in macrophage pyroptosis, constituting a novel mechanism by which pyroptosis is regulated in macrophages. Video Abstract Macrophages were infected with S. aureus for 3 h (MOI 25:1), and pyroptosis was filmed in macrophages by laser confocal microscopy. A representative field was recorded. Arrow indicates lysing dead cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jining Normal University, Jining, 012000, China
| | - Huifang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xiaoou Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xihe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China. .,Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
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Bahmad HF, Elajami MK, El Zarif T, Bou-Gharios J, Abou-Antoun T, Abou-Kheir W. Drug repurposing towards targeting cancer stem cells in pediatric brain tumors. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:127-148. [PMID: 31919619 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the pediatric population, brain tumors represent the most commonly diagnosed solid neoplasms and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. They include low-grade gliomas (LGGs), medulloblastomas (MBs), and other embryonal, ependymal, and neuroectodermal tumors. The mainstay of treatment for most brain tumors includes surgical intervention, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. However, resistance to conventional therapy is widespread, which contributes to the high mortality rates reported and lack of improvement in patient survival despite advancement in therapeutic research. This has been attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which reside within the tumor bulk and maintain self-renewal and recurrence potential of the tumor. An emerging promising approach that enables identifying novel therapeutic strategies to target CSCs and overcome therapy resistance is drug repurposing or repositioning. This is based on using previously approved drugs with known pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics for indications other than their traditional ones, like cancer. In this review, we provide a synopsis of the drug repurposing methodologies that have been used in pediatric brain tumors, and we argue how this selective compilation of approaches, with a focus on CSC targeting, could elevate drug repurposing to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad K Elajami
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Talal El Zarif
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jolie Bou-Gharios
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Abou-Antoun
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos Campus, CHSC 6101, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Beirut, Lebanon.
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61
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Tu M, He L, You Y, Li J, Yao N, Qu C, Huang W, Xu L, Luo R, Hong J. EFTUD2 maintains the survival of tumor cells and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via the activation of STAT3. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:830. [PMID: 33024090 PMCID: PMC7538941 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain containing 2 (EFTUD2), a spliceosomal GTPase, plays a pivotal role in multiple organ development and innate immune. It has been reported that EFTUD2 is a new host factor with activity against HCV infection. However, the role of EFTUD2 in solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the molecular function of EFTUD2 in HCC. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated an upregulation of EFTUD2 in HCC tissues compared to that in nontumor liver tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis performed on two independent HCC cohorts confirmed the upregulation of EFTUD2 in HCC tissues and further suggested that a high level of EFTUD2 expression predicted shorter overall and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients. Functional studies suggested that siRNA interference with EFTUD2 expression significantly suppressed cell viability, blocked cell cycle progression, facilitated tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibited metastasis, while the enhancement of EFTUD2 expression promoted the proliferation and migration of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, we also found that the stable knockdown of EFTUD2 expression via lentivirus infection was lethal for HCC cells. This finding suggested that EFTUD2 was essential for maintaining the survival of HCC cells. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that the gene sets of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the JAK/STAT3 pathway were enriched in EFTUD2-overexpressing cells. Further verification indicated that EFTUD2-overexpressing cells exhibited an EMT-like phenotype and had enhanced STAT3 activation, while the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 partially blocked these pro-malignant effects of EFTUD2 overexpression. In summary, we report EFTUD2 as a novel oncogene that helps to maintain the survival of HCC cells and promotes HCC progression through the activation of STAT3. The high level of expression of EFTUD2 in HCC tissues indicates shorter overall and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxian Tu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, 510095, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang You
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leibo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, 510315, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510630, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Wang J, Cai Y, Luo J, Sun Z, Yu J, Yan F, He X. RAI14 silencing suppresses progression of esophageal cancer via the STAT3 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18084-18098. [PMID: 32957082 PMCID: PMC7585088 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy that has an unclear molecular pathogenesis. Although retinoic acid induced 14 (RAI14) is involved in various cancer processes, the relationship between EC and RAI14 has not been elucidated. Our study reported the oncogenic function of RAI14 and its underlying mechanisms in EC. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that RAI14 was upregulated in EC, and this upregulation correlated with T stage, histologic grade, and poor clinical prognosis. RAI14 was evaluated in EC cell lines, and the overexpression of RAI14 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Conversely, RAI14 knockdown induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. RAI14 activated STAT3, upregulated Mcl-1 and cyclin D1, and inhibited cleaved caspase-3. Inhibition of STAT3 restored the oncogenic effect of RAI14, and RAI14 silencing restrained tumor growth and the protein level of Ki67 in vivo. Our results suggest that RAI14 regulates the STAT3 pathway and acts as an oncogene during EC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China,Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jingping Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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[Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acquired pure red cell aplasia (2020)]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2020; 41:177-184. [PMID: 32311886 PMCID: PMC7357928 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Olson KC, Moosic KB, Jones MK, Larkin PMK, Olson TL, Toro MF, Fox TE, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia serum and corresponding hematological parameters reveal unique cytokine and sphingolipid biomarkers and associations with STAT3 mutations. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6533-6549. [PMID: 32710512 PMCID: PMC7520360 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a rare hematological disorder with expansion of the T-cell or natural killer (NK) cell lineage. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) exhibits somatic activating mutations in 30%-40% of LGL leukemia cases. Transcriptional targets of STAT3 include inflammatory cytokines, thus previous studies have measured cytokine levels of LGL leukemia patients compared to normal donors. Sphingolipid metabolism is a growing area of cancer research, with efforts focused on drug discovery. To date, no studies have examined serum sphingolipids in LGL leukemia patients, and only one study compared a subset of cytokines between the T-LGL and NK-LGL subtypes. Therefore, here, we included both LGL leukemia subtypes with the goals of (a) measuring serum sphingolipids for the first time, (b) measuring cytokines to find distinctions between the subtypes, and (c) establishing relationships with STAT3 mutations and clinical data. The serum analyses identified cytokines (EGF, IP-10, G-CSF) and sphingolipids (SMC22, SMC24, SMC20, LysoSM) significantly different in the LGL leukemia group compared to normal donors. In a mixed STAT3 mutation group, D661Y samples exhibited the highest mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values. We explored this further by expanding the cohort to include larger groups of single STAT3 mutations. Male D661Y STAT3 samples had lower Hgb and higher MCV compared to wild type (WT) or Y640F counterparts. This is the first report examining large groups of individual STAT3 mutations. Overall, our results revealed novel serum biomarkers and evidence that D661Y mutation may show different clinical manifestation compared to WT or Y640F STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine C. Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Katharine B. Moosic
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of PathologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Marieke K. Jones
- Health Sciences LibraryUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Paige M. K. Larkin
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of PathologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Present address:
Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Thomas L. Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Mariella F. Toro
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Todd E. Fox
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - David J. Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer CenterCharlottesvilleVAUSA,Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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STAT3β is a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1989-2002. [PMID: 31270081 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) exists in 2 alternatively spliced isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. Although truncated STAT3β was originally postulated to act as a dominant-negative form of STAT3α, it has been shown to have various STAT3α-independent regulatory functions. Recently, STAT3β gained attention as a powerful antitumorigenic molecule in cancer. Deregulated STAT3 signaling is often found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the role of STAT3β in AML remains elusive. Therefore, we analyzed the STAT3β/α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression ratio in AML patients, where we observed that a higher STAT3β/α mRNA ratio correlated with a favorable prognosis and increased overall survival. To gain better understanding of the function of STAT3β in AML, we engineered a transgenic mouse allowing for balanced Stat3β expression. Transgenic Stat3β expression resulted in decelerated disease progression and extended survival in PTEN- and MLL-AF9-dependent AML mouse models. Our findings further suggest that the antitumorigenic function of STAT3β depends on the tumor-intrinsic regulation of a small set of significantly up- and downregulated genes, identified via RNA sequencing. In conclusion, we demonstrate that STAT3β plays an essential tumor-suppressive role in AML.
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Wang X, Zhang X, Qiu C, Yang N. STAT3 Contributes to Radioresistance in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1120. [PMID: 32733808 PMCID: PMC7358404 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been used in the clinic for more than one century and it is recognized as one of the main methods in the treatment of malignant tumors. Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is reported to be upregulated in many tumor types, and it is believed to be involved in the tumorigenesis, development and malignant behaviors of tumors. Previous studies also found that STAT3 contributes to chemo-resistance of various tumor types. Recently, many studies reported that STAT3 is involved in the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy. But until now, the role of the STAT3 in radioresistance has not been systematically demonstrated. In this study, we will review the radioresistance induced by STAT3 and relative solutions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
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Gharibi T, Babaloo Z, Hosseini A, Abdollahpour-alitappeh M, Hashemi V, Marofi F, Nejati K, Baradaran B. Targeting STAT3 in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 878:173107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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68
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Song M, Wang C, Yang H, Chen Y, Feng X, Li B, Fan H. P-STAT3 Inhibition Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Splenocyte Apoptosis in Chronic Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:680. [PMID: 32714202 PMCID: PMC7340136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to immunosuppression and induces splenocyte apoptosis. STAT3 is a transcription factor that regulates immunity and apoptosis; however, it is unclear whether the increased expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) observed in chronic stress is related to splenocyte apoptosis. To explore the relationship between splenocyte apoptosis and STAT3 in chronic stress, we treated rats undergoing a 21-day chronic restraint stress program with the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201. This chronic stress model was verified by observing rats’ behavior and measuring their serum corticosterone levels. Chronic stress led to increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and p-STAT3 inhibition enhanced splenocyte apoptosis in chronic stress. We detected key proteins in three apoptotic pathways to determine which pathway mediated increasing splenocyte apoptosis and found that the death receptor pathway was the main apoptotic pathway that occurred in the spleen during chronic stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) was also activated, but the Bcl-2 family was not involved in chronic stress. P-STAT3 inhibition had no influence on the Bcl-2 family and the death receptor pathway; however, p-STAT3 inhibition disrupted the pro-survival function of the UPR by decreasing the expression of ATF6α and p-IRE1α. Furthermore, p-STAT3 inhibition activated endoplasmic reticulum stress by promoting the expression of CHOP, p-JNK, and procaspase-12. Collectively, these findings indicate that the increased p-STAT3 expression during chronic stress may promote splenocyte survival by activating the UPR. Consequently, STAT3 and the UPR may be considered as potential therapeutic targets for chronic stress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Haotian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Honggang Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Cheon H, Dziewulska KH, Moosic KB, Olson KC, Gru AA, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2020; 15:103-112. [PMID: 32062772 PMCID: PMC7234906 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-020-00565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The past decade in LGL leukemia research has seen increased pairing of clinical data with molecular markers, shedding new insights on LGL leukemia pathogenesis and heterogeneity. This review summarizes the current standard of care of LGL leukemia, updates from clinical trials, and our congruent improved understanding of LGL pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Various clinical reports have identified associations between stem, bone marrow, and solid organ transplants and incidence of LGL leukemia. There is also a potential for underdiagnosis of LGL leukemia within the rheumatoid arthritis patient population, emphasizing our need for continued study. Preliminary results from the BNZ-1 clinical trial, which targets IL-15 along with IL-2 and IL-9 signaling pathways, show some evidence of clinical response. With advances in our understanding of LGL pathogenesis from both the bench and the clinic, exciting avenues for investigations lie ahead for LGL leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- HeeJin Cheon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800334, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0334, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Karolina H Dziewulska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800334, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0334, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Katharine B Moosic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800334, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0334, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kristine C Olson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800334, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0334, USA
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800334, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0334, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, PO Box 800334, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0334, USA.
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Parri E, Kuusanmäki H, van Adrichem AJ, Kaustio M, Wennerberg K. Identification of novel regulators of STAT3 activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230819. [PMID: 32231398 PMCID: PMC7108870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 mediates signalling downstream of cytokine and growth factor receptors where it acts as a transcription factor for its target genes, including oncogenes and cell survival regulating genes. STAT3 has been found to be persistently activated in many types of cancers, primarily through its tyrosine phosphorylation (Y705). Here, we show that constitutive STAT3 activation protects cells from cytotoxic drug responses of several drug classes. To find novel and potentially targetable STAT3 regulators we performed a kinase and phosphatase siRNA screen with cells expressing either a hyperactive STAT3 mutant or IL6-induced wild type STAT3. The screen identified cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase (CDC7), casein kinase 2, alpha 1 (CSNK2), discoidin domain-containing receptor 2 (DDR2), cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase 2-alpha (PI4KII), C-terminal Src kinase (CSK) and receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase H (PTPRH) as potential STAT3 regulators. Using small molecule inhibitors targeting these proteins, we confirmed dose and time dependent inhibition of STAT3-mediated transcription, suggesting that inhibition of these kinases may provide strategies for dampening STAT3 activity in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Parri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Meri Kaustio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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71
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Subclonal STAT3 mutations solidify clonal dominance. Blood Adv 2020; 3:917-921. [PMID: 30898763 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018027862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder that can arise in the context of pathologic or physiologic cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses. STAT3 mutations are often absent in typical T-LGLL, suggesting that in a significant fraction of patients, antigen-driven expansion alone can maintain LGL clone persistence. We set out to determine the relationship between activating STAT3 hits and CTL clonal selection at presentation and in response to therapy. Thus, a group of patients with T-LGLL were serially subjected to deep next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) and STAT3 to recapitulate clonal hierarchy and dynamics. The results of this complex analysis demonstrate that STAT3 mutations produce either a sweeping or linear subclone within a monoclonal CTL population either early or during the course of disease. Therapy can extinguish a LGL clone, silence it, or adapt mechanisms to escape elimination. LGL clones can persist on elimination of STAT3 subclones, and alternate STAT3-negative CTL clones can replace therapy-sensitive CTL clones. LGL clones can evolve and are fueled by a nonextinguished antigenic drive. STAT3 mutations can accelerate this process or render CTL clones semiautonomous and not reliant on physiologic stimulation.
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Hin Tang JJ, Hao Thng DK, Lim JJ, Toh TB. JAK/STAT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2020; 7:HEP18. [PMID: 32273976 PMCID: PMC7137178 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most lethal cancer in the world with limited treatment options. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for more than 80% of all liver cancers, has had increasing global incidence over the past few years. There is an urgent need for novel and better therapeutic intervention for HCC patients. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a multitude of important biological functions in both normal and malignant cells. In a subset of HCC, JAK/STAT signaling is aberrantly activated, leading to dysregulation of downstream target genes that controls survival, angiogenesis, stemness, immune surveillance, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we will focus on the role of JAK/STAT signaling in HCC and discuss the current clinical status of several JAK/STAT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jit Hin Tang
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dexter Kai Hao Thng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tian K, Liu W, Zhang J, Fan X, Liu J, Zhao N, Yao C, Miao G. MicroRNA-125b exerts antitumor functions in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by targeting the STAT3 pathway. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:12. [PMID: 32161621 PMCID: PMC7059386 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b) is downregulated in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). However, its function in CSCC has yet to be extensively explored. Here, we analyze the relationship between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and miR-125b in CSCC. Methods Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were used to determine the expression of the miR-125b–STAT3 axis in human CSCC tissues and cell lines. The direct regulatory effect of miR-125b on STAT3 expression was assessed using a luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine the role of the miR-125b–STAT3 axis in CSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results MiR-125b expression levels were significantly lower in CSCC cell lines and tissues than in normal cell lines and tissues. STAT3 was identified as the direct target of miR-125b. Upregulation of miR-125b and downregulation of STAT3 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Cyclin D1 and Bcl2 were identified as the downstream targets of the miR-125–STAT3 axis. Conclusions Our findings indicate that miR-125b acts as a tumor suppressor in CSCC by targeting the STAT3 pathway. This observation increases our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CSCC. Therapies aimed at activating miR-125b or inhibiting STAT3 signaling should be explored as potential treatments for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tian
- 1Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Wanggen Liu
- 2Department of Histology and Embryology, Preclinical Medicine College, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Xiaoyi Fan
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Nan Zhao
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Chunxia Yao
- 3Department of Pathology, Medical School, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
| | - Guoying Miao
- 1Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002 China
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LeBlanc FR, Pearson JM, Tan SF, Cheon H, Xing JC, Dunton W, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. Sphingosine kinase-2 is overexpressed in large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and promotes survival through Mcl-1. Br J Haematol 2020; 190:405-417. [PMID: 32124438 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism is increasingly recognised as a therapeutic target in cancer due to its regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. The sphingolipid rheostat is proposed to control cell fate through maintaining balance between pro-apoptotic and pro-survival sphingolipids. This balance is regulated by metabolising enzymes involved in sphingolipid production. One such enzyme, sphingosine kinase-2 (SPHK2), produces pro-survival sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) by phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic sphingosine. Elevated SPHK2 has been found in multiple cancer types and contributes to cell survival, chemotherapeutic resistance and apoptosis resistance. We have previously shown elevation of S1P in large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia serum and cells isolated from patients. Here, we examined SPHK2 expression in LGL leukaemia and found SPHK2 mRNA and protein upregulation in a majority of LGL leukaemia patient samples. Knockdown of SPHK2 with siRNA in LGL leukaemia cell lines decreased proliferation. Additionally, the use of ABC294640 or K145, both SPHK2-specific inhibitors, decreased viability of LGL leukaemia cell lines. ABC294640 selectively induced apoptosis in LGL cell lines and freshly isolated LGL leukaemia patient cells compared to normal controls. Mechanistically, SPHK2 inhibition downregulated pro-survival myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein through proteasomal degradation. Targeting of SPHK2 therefore provides a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of LGL leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis R LeBlanc
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Pearson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - HeeJin Cheon
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Xing
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wendy Dunton
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Pyrimethamine conjugated histone deacetylase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and evidence for triple negative breast cancer selective cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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76
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Teramo A, Barilà G, Calabretto G, Vicenzetto C, Gasparini VR, Semenzato G, Zambello R. Insights Into Genetic Landscape of Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:152. [PMID: 32133291 PMCID: PMC7040228 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL) is a chronic proliferation of clonal cytotoxic lymphocytes, usually presenting with cytopenias and yet lacking a specific therapy. The disease is heterogeneous, including different subsets of patients distinguished by LGL immunophenotype (CD8+ Tαβ, CD4+ Tαβ, Tγδ, NK) and the clinical course of the disease (indolent/symptomatic/aggressive). Even if the etiology of LGLL remains elusive, evidence is accumulating on the genetic landscape driving and/or sustaining chronic LGL proliferations. The most common gain-of-function mutations identified in LGLL patients are on STAT3 and STAT5b genes, which have been recently recognized as clonal markers and were included in the 2017 WHO classification of the disease. A significant correlation between STAT3 mutations and symptomatic disease has been highlighted. At variance, STAT5b mutations could have a different clinical impact based on the immunophenotype of the mutated clone. In fact, they are regarded as the signature of an aggressive clinical course with a poor prognosis in CD8+ T-LGLL and aggressive NK cell leukemia, while they are devoid of negative prognostic significance in CD4+ T-LGLL and Tγδ LGLL. Knowing the specific distribution of STAT mutations helps identify the discrete mechanisms sustaining LGL proliferations in the corresponding disease subsets. Some patients equipped with wild type STAT genes are characterized by less frequent mutations in different genes, suggesting that other pathogenetic mechanisms are likely to be involved. In this review, we discuss how the LGLL mutational pattern allows a more precise and detailed tumor stratification, suggesting new parameters for better management of the disease and hopefully paving the way for a targeted clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Teramo
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Barilà
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Calabretto
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Vicenzetto
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rebecca Gasparini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Zambello
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, Department of Medicine (DIMED), Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
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77
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Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation and immune responses. Aberrant STAT3 activation triggers tumor progression through oncogenic gene expression in numerous human cancers, leading to promote tumor malignancy. On the contrary, STAT3 activation in immune cells cause elevation of immunosuppressive factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment closely interacts with the STAT3 signaling pathway. So, targeting STAT3 may improve tumor progression, and anti-cancer immune response. In this review, we summarized the role of STAT3 in cancer and the tumor microenvironment, and present inhibitors of STAT3 signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeri Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ae Jin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Neuro-Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080; Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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78
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San TT, Khaenam P, Prachayasittikul V, Sripa B, Kunkeaw N, Chan-on W. Curcumin enhances chemotherapeutic effects and suppresses ANGPTL4 in anoikis-resistant cholangiocarcinoma cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03255. [PMID: 32051864 PMCID: PMC7002900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis resistance is a critical feature involved in tumor progression and chemoresistance. Finding approaches to improve the effect of chemotherapy on anoikis-resistant cancer cells is therefore critically important. In this study, we examined the effects of curcumin in anoikis-resistant cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells, including HuCCT1 and TFK-1 that were anchorage-independently cultured (AI-cells) using poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The AI-CCA cells were treated with curcumin alone or in combination with anti-cancer agents and their responses to each treatment were determined by cell viability assay. Gene expression in AI-cells was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The potential involvement of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in anoikis resistance was examined by gene knockdown. It was found that AI-cells tended to resist anti-cancer agents tested, especially AI-HuCCT1, which significantly resisted gemcitabine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). Curcumin alone significantly inhibited viability and colony formation of AI-cells. Moreover, curcumin combination significantly enhanced the treatment effect of SAHA on AI-HuCCT1 and AI-TFK-1 cells. Gene expression analysis revealed that ANGPTL4 was markedly upregulated in AI-CCA cells and its knockdown tended to sensitize AI-cells to cell death and treatments. In addition, curcumin treatment decreased phosphorylated STAT3 and expression levels of Mcl-1, HDACs and ANGPTL4. Altogether, these findings reveal the beneficial property of curcumin to potentiate chemotherapeutic effects on anoikis-resistant CCA cells, which might suggest the potential use of curcumin for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Tin San
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Center for Standardization and Product Validation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease); Tropical Disease Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nawapol Kunkeaw
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Waraporn Chan-on
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
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79
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Mohammadi Kian M, Salemi M, Bahadoran M, Haghi A, Dashti N, Mohammadi S, Rostami S, Chahardouli B, Babakhani D, Nikbakht M. Curcumin Combined with Thalidomide Reduces Expression of STAT3 and Bcl-xL, Leading to Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:185-194. [PMID: 32021103 PMCID: PMC6970263 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s228610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood disorder that exhibits uncontrolled growth and reduced ability to undergo apoptosis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a family member of transcription factors which promotes carcinogenesis in most human cancers. This effect on AML is accomplished through deregulation of several critical genes, such as B cell lymphoma-extra-large (BCL-XL) which is anti-apoptotic protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin (CUR) and thalidomide (THAL) on apoptosis induction and also the alteration of the mRNA expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL mRNA on AML cell line compounds. Methods The growth inhibitory effects of CUR and THAL and their combination were measured by MTT assay in U937 and KG-1 cell lines. The rates of apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis were measured by concurrent staining with Annexin V and PI. The mRNA expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. Results CUR inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in both KG-1 and U937 cells and this effect increased by combination with THAL. The expression level of STAT3 and BCL-XL was significantly down-regulated in KG-1 cells after treatment by CUR and THAL and their combination. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggested that down-regulation of STAT3 and BCL-XL mRNA expression in response to CUR and THAL treatment lead to inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Mohammadi Kian
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salemi
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bahadoran
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Young Researchers & Elite Club Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Dashti
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Rostami
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Chahardouli
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Babakhani
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikbakht
- Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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80
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Wang TT, Yang J, Dighe S, Schmachtenberg MW, Leigh NT, Farber E, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Feith DJ, Ratan A, Loughran TP, Olson TL. Whole Genome Sequencing of Spontaneously Occurring Rat Natural Killer Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Identifies JAK1 Somatic Activating Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010126. [PMID: 31947841 PMCID: PMC7017127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia arises spontaneously in elderly Fischer (F344) rats. This rodent model has been shown to emulate many aspects of the natural killer (NK) variant of human LGL leukemia. Previous transplantation of leukemic material into young F344 rats resulted in several strains of rat NK (RNK) primary leukemic cells. One strain, RNK-16, was adapted into the RNK-16 cell line and established as an aggressive NK-LGL leukemia model. Whole genome sequencing of the RNK-16 cell line identified 255,838 locations where the RNK16 had an alternate allele that was different from F334, including a mutation in Jak1. Functional studies showed Jak1 Y1034C to be a somatic activating mutation that mediated increased STAT signaling, as assessed by phosphoprotein levels. Sanger sequencing of Jak1 in RNK-1, -3, -7, and -16 found only RNK-16 to harbor the Y1034C Jak1 mutation. In vivo studies revealed that rats engrafted with RNK-16 primary material developed leukemia more rapidly than those engrafted with RNK-1, -3, and -7. Additionally, ex vivo RNK-16 spleen cells from leukemic rats exhibited increased STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 phosphorylation compared to other RNK strains. Therefore, we report and characterize a novel gain-of-function Jak1 mutation in a spontaneous LGL leukemia model that results in increased downstream STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Tiffany Wang
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Shubha Dighe
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Matthew W. Schmachtenberg
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Nathan T. Leigh
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - David J. Feith
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Thomas L. Olson
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(434)-243-8332
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81
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Zhou M, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Jin X, Liao M, Zhang L, Wang J, Yang M. Nicotine Upregulates the Level of Mcl-1 through STAT3 in H1299 Cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:1270-1276. [PMID: 31956373 PMCID: PMC6959082 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nicotine contributes to development of human lung cancer and chemoresistance through activation of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) generally participates in development and progression of human cancers. Therefore, we examined the STAT3 cascade in nicotine regulation of Mcl-1 transcription in human lung cancer cells. Methods: The effects of nicotine on the expression of STAT3 and Mcl-1 were determined using western blot. The sub-cellular localization was tested using immunofluorescence. The activity of STAT3 promoter was checked using dual luciferase reporter assay. Results: STAT3 was constitutively activated (i.e., tyrosine-phosphorylated, serine-phosphorylated and nuclear translocation), meanwhile the expression and transcriptional activity of Mcl-1 were up-regulated in lung cancer cells following treatment with nicotine. Transfection with siRNA targeting STAT3 or treatment with STAT3 inhibitor JSI-124 diminished Mcl-1 protein levels. Deleted mutagenesis of a putative STAT3 consensus binding sequence decreased Mcl-1 promoter activity and eliminated the increase of Mcl-1 promoter activity induced by nicotine. Abnormally, JAK (Jannus kinase) inhibitor AG490 can't induce the downregulation of Mcl-1 or inhibit the tyrosine-phosphorylation of STAT3. In addition, deactivated mutagenesis of STAT3 the tyrosine 705 site had no effect on the aggregation of STAT3 into nucleus induced by nicotine. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that nicotine induces up-regulation of Mcl-1 through STAT3, which process may be independent on JAKs and not only dependent on the phosphorylation of Y705. Downregulation of Mcl-1 transcription by inhibiting STAT3 cascade may be a potential strategy for the treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Manyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
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82
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Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Nakano T, Hozumi Y, Yanagida M, Araki Y, Iwazaki K, Takagi M, Goto K. Knockdown of DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX5 selectively attenuates serine 311 phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 subunit and expression level of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Cell Signal 2020; 65:109428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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83
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Guevara ML, Persano F, Persano S. Nano-immunotherapy: Overcoming tumour immune evasion. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:238-248. [PMID: 31883449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is emerging as a groundbreaking cancer treatment, offering the unprecedented opportunity to effectively treat and in several cases, even cure previously untreatable malignancies. Anti-tumour immunotherapies designed to amplify T cell responses against defined tumour antigens have long been considered effective approaches for cancer treatment. Despite a clear rationale behind such immunotherapies, extensive past efforts were unsuccessful in mediating clinically relevant anti-tumour activity in humans. This is mainly because tumours adopt specific mechanisms to circumvent the host´s immunity. Emerging data suggest that the full potential of cancer immunotherapy will be only achieved by combining immunotherapies designed to generate or amplify anti-tumour T cell responses with strategies able to impair key tumour immune-evasion mechanisms. However, many approaches aimed to re-shape the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) are commonly associated with severe systemic toxicity, require frequent administration, and only show modest efficacy in clinical settings. The use of nanodelivery systems is revealing as a valid means to overcome these limitations by improving the targeting efficiency, minimising systemic exposure of immunomodulatory agents, and enabling the development of novel combinatorial immunotherapies. In this review, we examine the emerging field of therapeutic modulation of TIME by the use of nanoparticle-based immunomodulators and potential future directions for TIME-targeting nanotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Guevara
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Persano
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Persano
- Formulation Testing & Discovery, BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Mainz, Germany.
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84
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Shen K, Cao Z, Zhu R, You L, Zhang T. The dual functional role of MicroRNA-18a (miR-18a) in cancer development. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:32. [PMID: 31873828 PMCID: PMC6928177 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The polycistronic miR-17-92 cluster is instrumental in physiological processes commonly dysregulated in cancer, such as proliferation, the cell cycle, apoptosis, and differentiation. MicroRNA-18a (miR-18a) is one of the most conserved and multifunctional miRNAs in the cluster and is frequently overexpressed in malignant tumors. Altered miR-18a expression has been found in various physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumorigenesis, cancer invasion and metastasis. In this review, we summarized the molecular basis and regulatory targets of miR-18a in cancer development. Interestingly, miR-18a has a dual functional role in either promoting or inhibiting oncogenesis in different human cancers. The differential miRNA expression in cancers of the same organ at different stages or of various subtypes suggests that this dual function of miR-18a is independent of cancer type and may be attributed to the fundamental differences in tumorigenic mechanisms. Finally, we summarized the current clinical use of miR-18a and discussed its potential uses in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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85
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STAT3 Dysregulation in Mature T and NK Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111711. [PMID: 31684088 PMCID: PMC6896161 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: T cell lymphomas comprise a distinct class of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, which include mature T and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms. While each malignancy within this group is characterized by unique clinicopathologic features, dysregulation in the Janus tyrosine family of kinases/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, specifically aberrant STAT3 activation, is a common feature among these lymphomas. The mechanisms driving dysregulation vary among T cell lymphoma subtypes and include activating mutations in upstream kinases or STAT3 itself, formation of oncogenic kinases which drive STAT3 activation, loss of negative regulators of STAT3, and the induction of a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment. Constitutive STAT3 activation has been associated with the expression of targets able to increase pro-survival signals and provide malignant fitness. Patients with dysregulated STAT3 signaling tend to have inferior clinical outcomes, which underscores the importance of STAT3 signaling in malignant progression. Targeting of STAT3 has shown promising results in pre-clinical studies in T cell lymphoma lines, ex-vivo primary malignant patient cells, and in mouse models of disease. However, targeting this pleotropic pathway in patients has proven difficult. Here we review the recent contributions to our understanding of the role of STAT3 in T cell lymphomagenesis, mechanisms driving STAT3 activation in T cell lymphomas, and current efforts at targeting STAT3 signaling in T cell malignancies.
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86
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Li ZY, Zhang ZZ, Bi H, Zhang QD, Zhang SJ, Zhou L, Zhu XQ, Zhou J. MicroRNA‑4500 suppresses tumor progression in non‑small cell lung cancer by regulating STAT3. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4973-4983. [PMID: 31638206 PMCID: PMC6854602 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has revealed that microRNA (miR)-4500 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and miR-4500 suppresses tumor growth by targeting lin-28 homolog B and NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase. In the present study, it was reported that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) may function as a novel target gene for miR-4500 in NSCLC. The experiments conducted in the present study confirmed that the miR-4500 expression was decreased in NSCLC tissues and cells compared with adjacent normal tissues and a normal lung cell line. miR-4500 suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted apoptosis of the human NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1975. Expression of STAT3 was negatively correlated with miR-4500 expression in vivo. A luciferase reporter assay suggested that miR-4500 directly targeted the 3′ untranslated region of STAT3. The tumor inhibition effect of small interfering RNA STAT3 in A549 and H1975 lines may be partially impaired by a miR-4500 inhibitor. The results of the present study suggests that miR-4500 may be a tumor suppressor and a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213011, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Di Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Su-Juan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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Qiu ZY, Qin R, Tian GY, Wang Y, Zhang YQ. Pathophysiologic Mechanisms And Management Of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia Associated Pure Red Cell Aplasia. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8229-8240. [PMID: 31632073 PMCID: PMC6781944 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) is a chronic clonal lymphoproliferative disease of mature T or NK cells, and produces a variety of hematological abnormalities. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare haematological disease and is one of the most common complications of LGLL. LGLL-associated PRCA may represent a relatively indolent type and may be more common than reported, but its natural history and clinical course have not been well described. The ethnic origin of the patients is an important consideration in determining the relationship between PRCA and LGLL. Guidelines and progresses for management of LGLL-associated PRCA rely on accumulation of empirical experiences, integrative analyses of several cases and clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to evaluate occurrence, possible mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical features, treatments and outcomes of LGLL-associated PRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Qin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yu Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Qing Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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88
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Lou C, Chen Y, Zhang J, Yang B, Zhao H. Eupalinolide J Suppresses the Growth of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Targeting STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1071. [PMID: 31607920 PMCID: PMC6761301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of STAT3 plays an important role in the development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and suppression of STAT3 is considered as a novel approach for cancer therapy. In this project, we aimed to examine the anticancer activity and molecular mechanism of eupalinolide J (EJ) in TNBC cells. The presented results demonstrated that the growth of human TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells) was obviously inhibited by EJ. The IC50 values were 3.74 ± 0.58 and 4.30 ± 0.39 μM, respectively. Further study demonstrated that EJ suppressed the proliferation of TNBC cells mainly through cell apoptosis induction, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption, and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the STAT3 and p-STAT3 in EJ-treated TNBC cells were remarkably suppressed. Importantly, silencing of STAT3 by STAT3-shRNA significantly blunted the anticancer activities of EJ in TNBC cells, suggesting that EJ suppressed cancer cell proliferation via targeting the STAT3 pathway. Notably, further study demonstrated that EJ significantly promoted the degradation of STAT3 in TNBC cells. Finally, EJ exhibited an effective antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. In conclusion, we identified that EJ suppressed the growth of TNBC cells via targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway. These results strongly support that EJ is a promising therapeutic agent for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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89
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Moosic KB, Paila U, Olson KC, Dziewulska K, Wang TT, Xing JC, Ratan A, Feith DJ, Loughran TP, Olson TL. Genomics of LGL leukemia and select other rare leukemia/lymphomas. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2019; 32:196-206. [PMID: 31585620 PMCID: PMC6779335 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of cancer offers the hope of identifying new treatments or aiding in the selection of existing treatments. Rare leukemias pose additional challenges in this regard as samples may be hard to acquire and when found the underlying pathway may not be attractive to drug development since so few individuals are affected. In this case, it can be useful to identify common mutational overlap among subsets of rare leukemias to increase the number of individuals that may benefit from a targeted therapy. This chapter examines the current mutational landscape of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia with a focus on STAT3 mutations, the most common mutation in LGL leukemia to date. We examined the linkage between these mutations and autoimmune symptoms and disorders, in cases of obvious and suspected LGL leukemia. We then summarized and compared mutations in a set of other rare leukemias that also have JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation brought about by genomic changes. These include T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), select peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Though STAT3 activation is common in these leukemias, the way in which it is achieved, such as the activating cytokine pathway and/or the co-mutational background, is quite diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine B Moosic
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Pathology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Umadevi Paila
- Center for Public Health Genomics, MSB-6111A, West Complex, 1335 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Kristine C Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Karolina Dziewulska
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Pathology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - T Tiffany Wang
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Xing
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, MSB-6131F, West Complex, 1300 JPA, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Thomas L Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 345 Crispell Dr, PO Box 801378, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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90
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Barilà G, Calabretto G, Teramo A, Vicenzetto C, Gasparini VR, Semenzato G, Zambello R. T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia and chronic NK lymphocytosis. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2019; 32:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Jo MJ, Jeong S, Yun HK, Kim DY, Kim BR, Kim JL, Na YJ, Park SH, Jeong YA, Kim BG, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Heo JY, Han J, Lee DH, Oh SC. Genipin induces mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via downregulation of Stat3/mcl-1 pathway in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:739. [PMID: 31351462 PMCID: PMC6661087 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genipin is a compound derived from gardenia fruit extract. Although Genipin has anti-tumor effects in various cancers, its effect and mechanism in gastric cancer remain unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between the anticancer effect of Genipin and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat3)/myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in human gastric cancers. METHODS MTT assays were performed to determine the cell viability of gastric cancer and gastric epithelial cell lines (AGS, MKN45, SNU638, MKN74, HFE-145). A TUNEL assay and Western blotting were carried out to investigate apoptosis. Stat3 activity was measured by proteome profiler phospho kinase array, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Mitochondria function was monitored with an XF24 analyzer and by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy using fluorescent probes for general mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS Genipin induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, including AGS and MKN45 cells. Genipin also reduced Mcl-1 mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we found that phosphorylation of Stat3 is regulated by Genipin. Additionally, the protein level of phospho Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was decreased by Genipin treatment, indicating that the Stat3/JAK2/Mcl-1 pathway is suppressed by Genipin treatment in gastric cancer cells. Mcl-1 is closely related to mitochondrial function. These findings suggest that Genipin contributes to the collapse of mitochondrial functions like MMP. CONCLUSIONS Genipin induced apoptosis by suppressing the Stat3/Mcl-1 pathway and led to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for the anti-cancer effect of Genipin in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jee Jo
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeong
- 0000 0004 0474 0479grid.411134.2Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyeong Yun
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeong Kim
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kim
- 0000 0004 0474 0479grid.411134.2Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lim Kim
- 0000 0004 0474 0479grid.411134.2Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Na
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Park
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A. Jeong
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Gyeom Kim
- 0000 0001 0840 2678grid.222754.4Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060 USA
| | - Duane T. Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37208 USA
| | - Jun Young Heo
- 0000 0001 0722 6377grid.254230.2Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chung-nam National University, Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- 0000 0001 0722 6377grid.254230.2Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chung-nam National University, Munhwa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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92
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Chong PSY, Chng WJ, de Mel S. STAT3: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050731. [PMID: 31130718 PMCID: PMC6562880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy for which novel treatment options are required. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) overexpression in MM appears to be mediated by a variety of factors including interleukin-6 signaling and downregulation of Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). STAT3 overexpression in MM is associated with an adverse prognosis and may play a role in microenvironment-dependent treatment resistance. In addition to its pro-proliferative role, STAT3 upregulates anti-apoptotic proteins and leads to microRNA dysregulation in MM. Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) is an oncogenic phosphatase which is upregulated by STAT3. PRL-3 itself promotes STAT-3 phosphorylation resulting in a positive feedback loop. PRL-3 is overexpressed in a subset of MM patients and may cooperate with STAT3 to promote survival of MM cells. Indirectly targeting STAT3 via JAK (janus associated kinase) inhibition has shown promise in early clinical trials. Specific inhibitors of STAT3 showed in vitro efficacy but have failed in clinical trials while several STAT3 inhibitors derived from herbs have been shown to induce apoptosis of MM cells in vitro. Optimising the pharmacokinetic profiles of novel STAT3 inhibitors and identifying how best to combine these agents with existing anti-myeloma therapy are key questions to be addressed in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Sanjay de Mel
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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93
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Zhang HX, Yang PL, Li EM, Xu LY. STAT3beta, a distinct isoform from STAT3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:130-139. [PMID: 30822557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STAT3β is an isoform of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) that differs from the STAT3α isoform by the replacement of the C-terminal 55 amino acid residues with 7 specific residues. The constitutive activation of STAT3α plays a pivotal role in the activation of oncogenic pathways, such as cell proliferation, maturation and survival, while STAT3β is often referred to as a dominant-negative regulator of cancer. STAT3β reveals a "spongy cushion" effect through its cooperation with STAT3α or forms a ternary complex with other co-activators. Especially in tumour cells, relatively high levels of STAT3β lead to some favourable changes. However, there are still many mechanisms that have not been clearly explained in contrast to STAT3α, such as STAT3β nuclear retention, more stable heterodimers and the prolonged Y705 phosphorylation. In addition to its transcriptional activities, STAT3β may also function in the cytosol with respect to the mitochondria, cytoskeleton rearrangements and metastasis of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms that underlie the unique roles of STAT3β combined with total STAT3 to enlighten and draw the attention of researchers studying STAT3 and discuss some interesting questions that warrant answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncological Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ping-Lian Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncological Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Oncological Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Wang TT, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Dubois S, Conlon KC, Tagaya Y, Hamele CE, Dighe S, Olson TL, Feith DJ, Azimi N, Waldmann TA, Loughran TP. IL-2 and IL-15 blockade by BNZ-1, an inhibitor of selective γ-chain cytokines, decreases leukemic T-cell viability. Leukemia 2019; 33:1243-1255. [PMID: 30353031 PMCID: PMC6478569 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and IL-2 drive T-cell malignancies including T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) and HTLV-1 driven adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Both cytokines share common γ-chain receptors and downstream signaling pathways. T-LGLL is characterized by clonal expansion of cytotoxic T cells and is associated with abnormal JAK/STAT signaling. ATL is an aggressive CD4+ T-cell neoplasm associated with HTLV-1. T-LGLL and ATL share dependence on IL-2 and IL-15 for survival and both diseases lack effective therapies. BNZ-1 is a pegylated peptide designed to specifically bind the γc receptor to selectively block IL-2, IL-15, and IL-9 signaling. We hypothesized that treatment with BNZ-1 would reduce cytokine-mediated proliferation and viability. Our results demonstrated that in vitro treatment of a T-LGLL cell line and ex vivo treatment of T-LGLL patient cells with BNZ-1 inhibited cytokine-mediated viability. Furthermore, BNZ-1 blocked downstream signaling and increased apoptosis. These results were mirrored in an ATL cell line and in ex vivo ATL patient cells. Lastly, BNZ-1 drastically reduced leukemic burden in an IL-15-driven human ATL mouse xenograft model. Thus, BNZ-1 shows great promise as a novel therapy for T-LGLL, ATL, and other IL-2 or IL-15 driven hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tiffany Wang
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Meili Zhang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sigrid Dubois
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin C Conlon
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yutaka Tagaya
- BIONIZ Therapeutics, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Cait E Hamele
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Shubha Dighe
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas L Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | | | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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95
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Geletu M, Taha Z, Arulanandam R, Mohan R, Assi HH, Castro MG, Nabi IR, Gunning PT, Raptis L. Effect of caveolin-1 on Stat3-ptyr705 levels in breast and lung carcinoma cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:638-646. [PMID: 30986357 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Cav1 (caveolin-1) is a negative regulator of Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3) activity in mouse fibroblasts and human lung carcinoma SHP77 cells. We now examined whether the cellular context may affect their levels as well as the relationship between them, by assessing Cav1 and Stat3-ptyr705 amounts in different cell lines. In MDA-MB-231, A549, and HaCat cells, Cav1 levels were high and Stat3-ptyr705 levels were low, consistent with the notion of a negative effect of endogenous Cav1 on Stat3-ptyr705 levels in these lines. In addition, manipulation of Cav1 levels revealed a negative effect in MCF7 and mouse fibroblast cells, while Cav1 upregulation induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells. In contrast, however, line MRC9 had high Cav1 and high Stat3-ptyr705 levels, indicating that high Cav1 is insufficient to reduce Stat3-ptyr705 levels in this line. MCF7 and LuCi6 cells had very low Cav1 and Stat3-ptyr705 levels, indicating that the low Stat3-ptyr705 can be independent from Cav1 levels altogether. Our results reveal a further level of complexity in the relationship between Cav1 and Stat3-ptyr705 than previously thought. In addition, we demonstrate that in a feedback loop, Stat3 inhibition upregulates Cav1 in HeLa cells but not in other lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulu Geletu
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Zaid Taha
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute - Cancer Therapeutics, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute - Cancer Therapeutics, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Reva Mohan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hikmat H Assi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Ivan Robert Nabi
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Leda Raptis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Pathology and Molecular Medicine, and Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Langerak AW, Assmann JLJC. Large granular lymphocyte cells and immune dysregulation diseases - the chicken or the egg? Haematologica 2019; 103:193-194. [PMID: 29386374 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.186338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorn L J C Assmann
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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97
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Chong SJF, Lai JXH, Eu JQ, Bellot GL, Pervaiz S. Reactive Oxygen Species and Oncoprotein Signaling-A Dangerous Liaison. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1553-1588. [PMID: 29186971 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is evidence to implicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumorigenesis and its progression. This has been associated with the interplay between ROS and oncoproteins, resulting in enhanced cellular proliferation and survival. Recent Advances: To date, studies have investigated specific contributions of the crosstalk between ROS and signaling networks in cancer initiation and progression. These investigations have challenged the established dogma of ROS as agents of cell death by demonstrating a secondary function that fuels cell proliferation and survival. Studies have thus identified (onco)proteins (Bcl-2, STAT3/5, RAS, Rac1, and Myc) in manipulating ROS level as well as exploiting an altered redox environment to create a milieu conducive for cancer formation and progression. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite these advances, drug resistance and its association with an altered redox metabolism continue to pose a challenge at the mechanistic and clinical levels. Therefore, identifying specific signatures, altered protein expressions, and modifications as well as protein-protein interplay/function could not only enhance our understanding of the redox networks during cancer initiation and progression but will also provide novel targets for designing specific therapeutic strategies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Not only a heightened realization is required to unravel various gene/protein networks associated with cancer formation and progression, particularly from the redox standpoint, but there is also a need for developing more sensitive tools for assessing cancer redox metabolism in clinical settings. This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge of the crosstalk between oncoproteins and ROS in promoting cancer cell survival and proliferation and treatment strategies employed against these oncoproteins. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Jun Fei Chong
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolin Xiao Hui Lai
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Qing Eu
- 2 Cancer Science Institute , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gregory Lucien Bellot
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,3 Department of Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,4 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore .,6 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
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98
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Olson KC, Kulling Larkin PM, Signorelli R, Hamele CE, Olson TL, Conaway MR, Feith DJ, Loughran TP. Vitamin D pathway activation selectively deactivates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins and inflammatory cytokine production in natural killer leukemic large granular lymphocytes. Cytokine 2018; 111:551-562. [PMID: 30455079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, has been well documented to act directly on immune cells and malignant cells. Activated T cells are one of the best characterized targets of calcitriol, with effects including decreasing inflammatory cytokine output and promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine production. However, the effects of calcitriol on natural killer (NK) cells are less clear. Reports suggest that only immature NK cell populations are affected by calcitriol treatment resulting in impaired cytotoxic function and cytokine production, while mature NK cells may have little or no response. NK cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (NK-LGLL) is a rare leukemia with CD3-CD16+CD56+NK cell clonal expansion. The current standard treatments are immunosuppressant therapies, which are not curative. The Janus kinase (JAK) - signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is hyperactivated in LGLL and is one pathway of interest in new drug target investigations. We previously demonstrated the ability of calcitriol to decrease STAT1 tyrosine 701 (p-STAT1) and STAT3 tyrosine 705 (p-STAT3) phosphorylation as well as inflammatory cytokine output of T cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia cells, but did not determine the effects of calcitriol on NK-LGLL. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether NKL cells, a model of NK-LGLL, and NK-LGLL patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are susceptible to treatment with calcitriol or seocalcitol (EB1089), a potent analog of calcitriol. NKL cells are dependent on interleukin (IL)-2 for survival and we show here for the first time that treatment with IL-2 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STATs 1 through 6. Both calcitriol and EB1089 caused significant upregulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). IL-2 induction of p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 phosphorylation was significantly decreased after calcitriol or EB1089 treatment. Additionally, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L) extracellular output was significantly decreased at 100 nM EB1089 and intracellular IL-10 was decreased with either calcitriol or EB1089 treatment. We treated NK-LGLL patient PBMCs with calcitriol or EB1089 and found decreased p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 while VDR increased, which matched the NKL cell line data. We then measured 75 serum cytokines in NK-LGLL patients (n = 8) vs. age- and sex-matched normal healthy donors (n = 8), which is the first serum cytokine study for this LGLL subtype. We identified 15 cytokines, including IL-10 and Flt-3L, which were significantly different between normal donors and NK-LGLL patients. Overall, our results suggest that activating the vitamin D pathway could be a mechanism to decrease STAT1 and 3 activation and inflammatory cytokine output in NK-LGLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine C Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Paige M Kulling Larkin
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Rossana Signorelli
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Cait E Hamele
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thomas L Olson
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mark R Conaway
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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99
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Shastri A, Choudhary G, Teixeira M, Gordon-Mitchell S, Ramachandra N, Bernard L, Bhattacharyya S, Lopez R, Pradhan K, Giricz O, Ravipati G, Wong LF, Cole S, Bhagat TD, Feld J, Dhar Y, Bartenstein M, Thiruthuvanathan VJ, Wickrema A, Ye BH, Frank DA, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J, Zhou T, Kim Y, MacLeod AR, Epling-Burnette PK, Ye M, McCoon P, Woessner R, Steidl U, Will B, Verma A. Antisense STAT3 inhibitor decreases viability of myelodysplastic and leukemic stem cells. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5479-5488. [PMID: 30252677 DOI: 10.1172/jci120156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are associated with disease-initiating stem cells that are not eliminated by conventional therapies. Transcriptomic analysis of stem and progenitor populations in MDS and AML demonstrated overexpression of STAT3 that was validated in an independent cohort. STAT3 overexpression was predictive of a shorter survival and worse clinical features in a large MDS cohort. High STAT3 expression signature in MDS CD34+ cells was similar to known preleukemic gene signatures. Functionally, STAT3 inhibition by a clinical, antisense oligonucleotide, AZD9150, led to reduced viability and increased apoptosis in leukemic cell lines. AZD9150 was rapidly incorporated by primary MDS/AML stem and progenitor cells and led to increased hematopoietic differentiation. STAT3 knockdown also impaired leukemic growth in vivo and led to decreased expression of MCL1 and other oncogenic genes in malignant cells. These studies demonstrate that STAT3 is an adverse prognostic factor in MDS/AML and provide a preclinical rationale for studies using AZD9150 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shastri
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lumie Bernard
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Robert Lopez
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Orsolya Giricz
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Li-Fan Wong
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sally Cole
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Feld
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yosman Dhar
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - B Hilda Ye
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David A Frank
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Haematology Theme, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tianyuan Zhou
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | | | - Minwei Ye
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Ulrich Steidl
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Britta Will
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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100
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Moignet A, Lamy T. Latest Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:616-625. [PMID: 30231346 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_200689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia has been recognized in the World Health Organization classifications among mature T cell and natural killer cell neoplasms and is divided into three categories. Chronic T cell leukemia and natural killer cell lymphocytosis can be considered as a similar spectrum of an indolent disease characterized by cytopenias and autoimmune conditions. The last category, aggressive natural killer cell LGL leukemia is very rare, related to Epstein-Barr virus, and seen mainly in young Asian people. Clonal LGL expansion arises from chronic antigenic stimulation sustained by interleukin-15 and platelet-derived growth factor cytokine signal. Those leukemic cells are resistant to apoptosis, mainly because of constitutive activation of survival pathways including Jak/Stat, MapK, Pi3k-Akt, RasRaf-1, MEK1/ERK, sphingolipid, and NFκB. Stat3 constitutive activation is the hallmark of this lymphoproliferative disorder. Socs3 is downregulated, but no mutation could be found to explain this status. However, several somatic mutations, including Stat3, Stat5b, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3, have been demonstrated recently in LGL leukemia; they are identified in half of patients and cannot explain by themselves LGL leukemogenesis. Recurrent infections as a result of chronic neutropenia, anemia, and autoimmune disorders are the main complications related to LGL leukemia. Despite an indolent presentation, 10% of patients die, mainly because of infectious complications. Current treatments are based on immunosuppressive therapies. A better mechanistic understanding of LGL leukemia will allow future consideration of a personalized therapeutic approach perhaps based on Jak/Stat inhibitors, which may offer better results than current immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Moignet
- From the Department of Hematology, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U1414-CIC, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Lamy
- From the Department of Hematology, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France; and INSERM U1414-CIC, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
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