1
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Michalek DA, Tern C, Zhou W, Robertson CC, Farber E, Campolieto P, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Rich SS. A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study in type 1 diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae024. [PMID: 38453145 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by destruction of the pancreatic β-cells. Genome-wide association (GWAS) and fine mapping studies have been conducted mainly in European ancestry (EUR) populations. We performed a multi-ancestry GWAS to identify SNPs and HLA alleles associated with T1D risk and age at onset. EUR families (N = 3223), and unrelated individuals of African (AFR, N = 891) and admixed (Hispanic/Latino) ancestry (AMR, N = 308) were genotyped using the Illumina HumanCoreExome BeadArray, with imputation to the TOPMed reference panel. The Multi-Ethnic HLA reference panel was utilized to impute HLA alleles and amino acid residues. Logistic mixed models (T1D risk) and frailty models (age at onset) were used for analysis. In GWAS meta-analysis, seven loci were associated with T1D risk at genome-wide significance: PTPN22, HLA-DQA1, IL2RA, RNLS, INS, IKZF4-RPS26-ERBB3, and SH2B3, with four associated with T1D age at onset (PTPN22, HLA-DQB1, INS, and ERBB3). AFR and AMR meta-analysis revealed NRP1 as associated with T1D risk and age at onset, although NRP1 variants were not associated in EUR ancestry. In contrast, the PTPN22 variant was significantly associated with risk only in EUR ancestry. HLA alleles and haplotypes most significantly associated with T1D risk in AFR and AMR ancestry differed from that seen in EUR ancestry; in addition, the HLA-DRB1*08:02-DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:02 haplotype was 'protective' in AMR while HLA-DRB1*08:01-DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:02 haplotype was 'risk' in EUR ancestry, differing only at HLA-DRB1*08. These results suggest that much larger sample sizes in non-EUR populations are required to capture novel loci associated with T1D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika A Michalek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Courtney Tern
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Catherine C Robertson
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Paul Campolieto
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, 1330 Jefferson Park Avenue, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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2
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Hodonsky CJ, Turner AW, Khan MD, Barrientos NB, Methorst R, Ma L, Lopez NG, Mosquera JV, Auguste G, Farber E, Ma WF, Wong D, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Kavousi M, Peyser PA, van der Laan SW, Leeper NJ, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JLM, Miller CL. Multi-ancestry genetic analysis of gene regulation in coronary arteries prioritizes disease risk loci. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100465. [PMID: 38190101 PMCID: PMC10794848 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of risk loci for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, non-European populations are underrepresented in GWASs, and the causal gene-regulatory mechanisms of these risk loci during atherosclerosis remain unclear. We incorporated local ancestry and haplotypes to identify quantitative trait loci for expression (eQTLs) and splicing (sQTLs) in coronary arteries from 138 ancestrally diverse Americans. Of 2,132 eQTL-associated genes (eGenes), 47% were previously unreported in coronary artery; 19% exhibited cell-type-specific expression. Colocalization revealed subgroups of eGenes unique to CAD and blood pressure GWAS. Fine-mapping highlighted additional eGenes, including TBX20 and IL5. We also identified sQTLs for 1,690 genes, among which TOR1AIP1 and ULK3 sQTLs demonstrated the importance of evaluating splicing to accurately identify disease-relevant isoform expression. Our work provides a patient-derived coronary artery eQTL resource and exemplifies the need for diverse study populations and multifaceted approaches to characterize gene regulation in disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mohammad Daud Khan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nelson B Barrientos
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ruben Methorst
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicolas G Lopez
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wei Feng Ma
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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3
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Hodonsky CJ, Turner AW, Khan MD, Barrientos NB, Methorst R, Ma L, Lopez NG, Mosquera JV, Auguste G, Farber E, Ma WF, Wong D, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Kavousi M, Peyser PA, van der Laan SW, Leeper NJ, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JLM, Miller CL. Integrative multi-ancestry genetic analysis of gene regulation in coronary arteries prioritizes disease risk loci. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.09.23285622. [PMID: 36824883 PMCID: PMC9949190 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.23285622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic risk loci for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, non-European populations are underrepresented in GWAS and the causal gene-regulatory mechanisms of these risk loci during atherosclerosis remain unclear. We incorporated local ancestry and haplotype information to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for gene expression and splicing in coronary arteries obtained from 138 ancestrally diverse Americans. Of 2,132 eQTL-associated genes (eGenes), 47% were previously unreported in coronary arteries and 19% exhibited cell-type-specific expression. Colocalization analysis with GWAS identified subgroups of eGenes unique to CAD and blood pressure. Fine-mapping highlighted additional eGenes of interest, including TBX20 and IL5 . Splicing (s)QTLs for 1,690 genes were also identified, among which TOR1AIP1 and ULK3 sQTLs demonstrated the importance of evaluating splicing events to accurately identify disease-relevant gene expression. Our work provides the first human coronary artery eQTL resource from a patient sample and exemplifies the necessity of diverse study populations and multi-omic approaches to characterize gene regulation in critical disease processes. Study Design Overview
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4
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Turner AW, Hu SS, Mosquera JV, Ma WF, Hodonsky CJ, Wong D, Auguste G, Song Y, Sol-Church K, Farber E, Kundu S, Kundaje A, Lopez NG, Ma L, Ghosh SKB, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Ashley EA, Quertermous T, Finn AV, Leeper NJ, Kovacic JC, Björkgren JLM, Zang C, Miller CL. Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility profiling highlights regulatory mechanisms of coronary artery disease risk. Nat Genet 2022; 54:804-816. [PMID: 35590109 PMCID: PMC9203933 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex inflammatory disease involving genetic influences across cell types. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 200 loci associated with CAD, where the majority of risk variants reside in noncoding DNA sequences impacting cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Here, we applied single-nucleus ATAC-seq to profile 28,316 nuclei across coronary artery segments from 41 patients with varying stages of CAD, which revealed 14 distinct cellular clusters. We mapped ~320,000 accessible sites across all cells, identified cell type-specific elements, transcription factors, and prioritized functional CAD risk variants. . We identified elements in smooth muscle cell (SMC) transition states (e.g. fibromyocytes) and functional variants predicted to alter SMC and macrophage-specific regulation of MRAS (3q22) and LIPA (10q23), respectively. We further nominated key driver transcription factors such as PRDM16 and TBX2. Together, this single nucleus atlas provides a critical step towards interpreting regulatory mechanisms across the continuum of CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shengen Shawn Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wei Feng Ma
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Genome Sciences Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Soumya Kundu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas G Lopez
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Genome Sciences Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Johan L M Björkgren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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5
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Logan JG, Yun S, Teachman BA, Bao Y, Farber E, Farber CR. Genome-Wide mRNA Expression Analysis of Acute Psychological Stress Responses. MEDICC Rev 2022; 24:35-42. [DOI: 10.37757/mr2022.v24.n2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongok G. Logan
- University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Sijung Yun
- Predictive Care, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bethany A. Teachman
- clinical psychologist with a master’s degree and a doctorate in psychology, Professor, College and Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Yongde Bao
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, USA
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6
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Lucas CD, Medina CB, Bruton FA, Dorward DA, Raymond MH, Tufan T, Etchegaray JI, Barron B, Oremek ME, Arandjelovic S, Farber E, Onngut-Gumuscu S, Ke E, Whyte MKB, Rossi AG, Ravichandran KS. Pannexin 1 drives efficient epithelial repair after tissue injury. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm4032. [PMID: 35559667 PMCID: PMC7612772 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues such as lung and skin are exposed to the environment and therefore particularly vulnerable to damage during injury or infection. Rapid repair is therefore essential to restore function and organ homeostasis. Dysregulated epithelial tissue repair occurs in several human disease states, yet how individual cell types communicate and interact to coordinate tissue regeneration is incompletely understood. Here, we show that pannexin 1 (Panx1), a cell membrane channel activated by caspases in dying cells, drives efficient epithelial regeneration after tissue injury by regulating injury-induced epithelial proliferation. Lung airway epithelial injury promotes the Panx1-dependent release of factors including ATP, from dying epithelial cells, which regulates macrophage phenotype after injury. This process, in turn, induces a reparative response in tissue macrophages that includes the induction of the soluble mitogen amphiregulin, which promotes injury-induced epithelial proliferation. Analysis of regenerating lung epithelium identified Panx1-dependent induction of Nras and Bcas2, both of which positively promoted epithelial proliferation and tissue regeneration in vivo. We also established that this role of Panx1 in boosting epithelial repair after injury is conserved between mouse lung and zebrafish tailfin. These data identify a Panx1-mediated communication circuit between epithelial cells and macrophages as a key step in promoting epithelial regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Lucas
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Christopher B. Medina
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Finnius A. Bruton
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - David A. Dorward
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Michael H. Raymond
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Turan Tufan
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J. Iker Etchegaray
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brady Barron
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Magdalena E.M. Oremek
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Sanja Arandjelovic
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Suna Onngut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eugene Ke
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Moira KB Whyte
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Adriano G. Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, UK
| | - Kodi S. Ravichandran
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Inflammation Research Centre, VIB, and the Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Kaizer B, Weissman L, Perry A, Zchut T, Fishman I, Rodnizki J, Eizenshtat M, Farber E. High power high voltage bias-T for half wave resonators and radio frequency quadrupole couplers. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:053304. [PMID: 35649795 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High power high voltage bias-T units capable of delivering up to 100 kW CW RF power at 176 MHz and up to 4 kV DC were developed at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center for the Soreq Applied Research Accelerator Facility linac. Two separate bias-T units with different requirements were designed for the radio frequency quadrupole couplers and the half wave resonator couplers. The purpose of this bias-T is to prevent multipacting phenomena by application of a high voltage DC bias to inner conductors of RF couplers. Underlying design principles, indigenous development, and successful off-line and on-line tests results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kaizer
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, Israel
| | - L Weissman
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, Israel
| | - A Perry
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, Israel
| | - T Zchut
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, Israel
| | - I Fishman
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, Israel
| | - J Rodnizki
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne, Israel
| | | | - E Farber
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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8
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Ferrat LA, Vehik K, Sharp SA, Lernmark Å, Rewers MJ, She JX, Ziegler AG, Toppari J, Akolkar B, Krischer JP, Weedon MN, Oram RA, Hagopian WA, Barbour A, Bautista K, Baxter J, Felipe-Morales D, Driscoll K, Frohnert BI, Stahl M, Gesualdo P, Hoffman M, Karban R, Liu E, Norris J, Peacock S, Shorrosh H, Steck A, Stern M, Villegas E, Waugh K, Simell OG, Adamsson A, Ahonen S, Åkerlund M, Hakola L, Hekkala A, Holappa H, Hyöty H, Ikonen A, Ilonen J, Jäminki S, Jokipuu S, Karlsson L, Kero J, Kähönen M, Knip M, Koivikko ML, Koskinen M, Koreasalo M, Kurppa K, Kytölä J, Latva-aho T, Lindfors K, Lönnrot M, Mäntymäki E, Mattila M, Miettinen M, Multasuo K, Mykkänen T, Niininen T, Niinistö S, Nyblom M, Oikarinen S, Ollikainen P, Othmani Z, Pohjola S, Rajala P, Rautanen J, Riikonen A, Riski E, Pekkola M, Romo M, Ruohonen S, Simell S, Sjöberg M, Stenius A, Tossavainen P, Vähä-Mäkilä M, Vainionpää S, Varjonen E, Veijola R, Viinikangas I, Virtanen SM, Schatz D, Hopkins D, Steed L, Bryant J, Silvis K, Haller M, Gardiner M, McIndoe R, Sharma A, Anderson SW, Jacobsen L, Marks J, Towe PD, Bonifacio E, Gezginci C, Heublein A, Hohoff E, Hummel S, Knopff A, Koch C, Koletzko S, Ramminger C, Roth R, Schmidt J, Scholz M, Stock J, Warncke K, Wendel L, Winkler C, Agardh D, Aronsson CA, Ask M, Bennet R, Cilio C, Dahlberg S, Engqvist H, Ericson-Hallström E, Fors AB, Fransson L, Gard T, Hansen M, Jisser H, Johansen F, Jonsdottir B, Elding Larsson H, Lindström M, Lundgren M, Maziarz M, Månsson-Martinez M, Melin J, Mestan Z, Nilsson C, Ottosson K, Rahmati K, Ramelius A, Salami F, Sjöberg A, Sjöberg B, Törn C, Wimar Å, Killian M, Crouch CC, Skidmore J, Chavoshi M, Meyer A, Meyer J, Mulenga D, Powell N, Radtke J, Romancik M, Roy S, Schmitt D, Zink S, Becker D, Franciscus M, Smith MDE, Daftary A, Klein MB, Yates C, Austin-Gonzalez S, Avendano M, Baethke S, Burkhardt B, Butterworth M, Clasen J, Cuthbertson D, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Garmeson J, Gowda V, Heyman K, Hsiao B, Karges C, Laras FP, Li Q, Liu S, Liu X, Lynch K, Maguire C, Malloy J, McCarthy C, Parikh H, Remedios C, Shaffer C, Smith L, Smith S, Sulman N, Tamura R, Tewey D, Toth M, Uusitalo U, Vijayakandipan P, Wood K, Yang J, Yu L, Miao D, Bingley P, Williams A, Chandler K, Kelland I, Khoud YB, Zahid H, Randell M, Chavoshi M, Radtke J, Zink S, Ke S, Mulholland N, Rich SS, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Farber E, Pickin RR, Davis J, Davis J, Gallo D, Bonnie J, Campolieto P, Petrosino JF, Ajami NJ, Lloyd RE, Ross MC, O’Brien JL, Hutchinson DS, Smith DP, Wong MC, Tian X, Ayvaz T, Tamegnon A, Truong N, Moreno H, Riley L, Moreno E, Bauch T, Kusic L, Metcalf G, Muzny D, Doddapaneni H, Gibbs R, Bourcier K, Briese T, Johnson SB, Triplett E, Ziegler AG, Tamura R, Norris J, Virtanen SM, Frohnert BI, Gesualdo P, Koreasalo M, Miettinen M, Niinistö S, Riikonen A, Silvis K, Hohoff E, Hummel S, Winkler C, Aronsson CA, Skidmore J, Smith MDE, Butterworth M, Li Q, Liu X, Tamura R, Uusitalo U, Yang J, Rich SS, Norris J, Steck A, Ilonen J, Ziegler AG, Törn C, Li Q, Liu X, Parikh H, Erlich H, Chen WM, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Schatz D, Ziegler AG, Cilio C, Bonifacio E, Knip M, Schatz D, Burkhardt B, Lynch K, Yu L, Bingley P, Bourcier K, Hyöty H, Triplett E, Lloyd R, Gesualdo P, Waugh K, Lönnrot M, Agardh D, Cilio C, Larsson HE, Killian M, Burkhardt B, Lynch K, Briese T, Waugh K, Schatz D, Killian M, Johnson SB, Roth R, Baxter J, Driscoll K, Schatz D, Stock J, Fiske S, Liu X, Lynch K, Smith L, Baxter J, Lernmark Å, Baxter J, Killian M, Bautista K, Gesualdo P, Hoffman M, Karban R, Norris J, Waugh K, Adamsson A, Kähönen M, Niininen T, Stenius A, Varjonen E, Hopkins D, Steed L, Bryant J, Gardiner M, Marks J, Ramminger C, Stock J, Winkler C, Aronsson CA, Jonsdottir B, Melin J, Killian M, Crouch CC, Mulenga D, McCarthy C, Smith L, Smith S, Tamura R, Johnson SB, Agardh D, Liu E, Koletzko S, Kurppa K, Stahl M, Hoffman M, Kurppa K, Lindfors K, Simell S, Steed L, Aronsson CA, Killian M, Tamura R, Haller M, Larsson HE, Frohnert BI, Gesualdo P, Hoffman M, Steck A, Kähönen M, Veijola R, Steed L, Jacobsen L, Marks J, Stock J, Warncke K, Lundgren M, Wimar Å, Crouch CC, Liu X, Tamura R. Author Correction: A combined risk score enhances prediction of type 1 diabetes among susceptible children. Nat Med 2022; 28:599. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Turner AW, Hu SE, Verdezoto Mosquera JE, Ma WF, Hodonsky CJ, Wong D, Auguste GE, sol-church K, Farber E, Kundu S, Kundaje AB, Lopez NG, Ma L, Ghosh S, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Ashley EA, Quertermous T, Finn A, Leeper NJ, Kovacic JC, Bjorkegren JL, Zang C, Miller CL. Abstract 113: Cell-specific Chromatin Landscape Of Human Coronary Artery Resolves Mechanisms Of Disease Risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.41.suppl_1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex inflammatory disease involving genetic influences across several cell types. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 170 loci associated with CAD, where the majority of risk variants reside in noncoding DNA sequences impacting
cis
-regulatory elements (CREs). Here, we applied single-cell ATAC-seq to profile 28,316 cells across coronary artery segments from 41 patients with varying stages of CAD, which revealed 14 distinct cellular clusters. We mapped over 320,000 accessible sites across all cells, identified cell type-specific elements, transcription factors, and prioritized functional CAD risk variants via quantitative trait locus and sequence-based predictive modeling. Using differential peak analyses we identified a number of candidate mechanisms for smooth muscle cell transition states (e.g. fibromyocytes). By integrating these profiles with GWAS meta-analysis summary data we resolved cell type-specific putative binding sites for the majority of CAD risk variants. In particular, we prioritized functional variants predicted to alter MEF2 binding in smooth muscle cells at the MRAS locus. We also identify variants predicted to alter macrophage-specific regulation of LIPA. We further employed DNA to gene linkage to nominate disease-associated key driver transcription factors such as PRDM16 and TBX2. Together, this single cell atlas provides a critical step towards interpreting
cis
-regulatory mechanisms in the vessel wall across the continuum of CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lijiang Ma
- Icahn Sch of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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10
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Robertson CC, Inshaw JRJ, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Chen WM, Santa Cruz DF, Yang H, Cutler AJ, Crouch DJM, Farber E, Bridges SL, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, Buckner JH, Deloukas P, Divers J, Dabelea D, Lawrence JM, Marcovina S, Shah AS, Greenbaum CJ, Atkinson MA, Gregersen PK, Oksenberg JR, Pociot F, Rewers MJ, Steck AK, Dunger DB, Wicker LS, Concannon P, Todd JA, Rich SS. Fine-mapping, trans-ancestral and genomic analyses identify causal variants, cells, genes and drug targets for type 1 diabetes. Nat Genet 2021; 53:962-971. [PMID: 34127860 PMCID: PMC8273124 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-021-00880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the largest and most diverse genetic study of type 1 diabetes (T1D) to date (61,427 participants), yielding 78 genome-wide-significant (P < 5 × 10-8) regions, including 36 that are new. We define credible sets of T1D-associated variants and show that they are enriched in immune-cell accessible chromatin, particularly CD4+ effector T cells. Using chromatin-accessibility profiling of CD4+ T cells from 115 individuals, we map chromatin-accessibility quantitative trait loci and identify five regions where T1D risk variants co-localize with chromatin-accessibility quantitative trait loci. We highlight rs72928038 in BACH2 as a candidate causal T1D variant leading to decreased enhancer accessibility and BACH2 expression in T cells. Finally, we prioritize potential drug targets by integrating genetic evidence, functional genomic maps and immune protein-protein interactions, identifying 12 genes implicated in T1D that have been targeted in clinical trials for autoimmune diseases. These findings provide an expanded genomic landscape for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Robertson
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jamie R J Inshaw
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David Flores Santa Cruz
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hanzhi Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Antony J Cutler
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J M Crouch
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - S Louis Bridges
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jane H Buckner
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Division of Health Services Research, Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Colorado School of Public Health and Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jean M Lawrence
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Santica Marcovina
- Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Medpace Reference Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carla J Greenbaum
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Diabetes Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Pediatrics, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Type 1 Diabetes Biology, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea K Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda S Wicker
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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11
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Da Mesquita S, Papadopoulos Z, Dykstra T, Brase L, Farias FG, Wall M, Jiang H, Kodira CD, de Lima KA, Herz J, Louveau A, Goldman DH, Salvador AF, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Farber E, Dabhi N, Kennedy T, Milam MG, Baker W, Smirnov I, Rich SS, Benitez BA, Karch CM, Perrin RJ, Farlow M, Chhatwal JP, Holtzman DM, Cruchaga C, Harari O, Kipnis J. Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-Aβ immunotherapy. Nature 2021; 593:255-260. [PMID: 33911285 PMCID: PMC8817786 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia1. Although there is no effective treatment for AD, passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against amyloid beta (Aβ) is a promising therapeutic strategy2,3. Meningeal lymphatic drainage has an important role in the accumulation of Aβ in the brain4, but it is not known whether modulation of meningeal lymphatic function can influence the outcome of immunotherapy in AD. Here we show that ablation of meningeal lymphatic vessels in 5xFAD mice (a mouse model of amyloid deposition that expresses five mutations found in familial AD) worsened the outcome of mice treated with anti-Aβ passive immunotherapy by exacerbating the deposition of Aβ, microgliosis, neurovascular dysfunction, and behavioural deficits. By contrast, therapeutic delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor C improved clearance of Aβ by monoclonal antibodies. Notably, there was a substantial overlap between the gene signature of microglia from 5xFAD mice with impaired meningeal lymphatic function and the transcriptional profile of activated microglia from the brains of individuals with AD. Overall, our data demonstrate that impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage exacerbates the microglial inflammatory response in AD and that enhancement of meningeal lymphatic function combined with immunotherapies could lead to better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.D.M. () or J.K. (). Tel: 001 314-273-2288
| | - Zachary Papadopoulos
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Logan Brase
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Morgan Wall
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kalil Alves de Lima
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jasmin Herz
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Antoine Louveau
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dylan H. Goldman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrea Francesca Salvador
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nisha Dabhi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tatiana Kennedy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mary Grace Milam
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wendy Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Bruno A. Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J. Perrin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martin Farlow
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jasmeer P. Chhatwal
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, MA, USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S.D.M. () or J.K. (). Tel: 001 314-273-2288
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12
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Aherrahrou R, Guo L, Nagraj VP, Aguhob A, Hinkle J, Chen L, Yuhl Soh J, Lue D, Alencar GF, Boltjes A, van der Laan SW, Farber E, Fuller D, Anane-Wae R, Akingbesote N, Manichaikul AW, Ma L, Kaikkonen MU, Björkegren JLM, Önengüt-Gümüşcü S, Pasterkamp G, Miller CL, Owens GK, Finn A, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Berliner JA, Civelek M. Genetic Regulation of Atherosclerosis-Relevant Phenotypes in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Circ Res 2020; 127:1552-1565. [PMID: 33040646 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent genome-wide association studies revealed 163 loci associated with CAD. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which the majority of these loci increase CAD risk are not known. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical in the development of CAD. They can play either beneficial or detrimental roles in lesion pathogenesis, depending on the nature of their phenotypic changes. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants associated with atherosclerosis-relevant phenotypes in VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS We quantified 12 atherosclerosis-relevant phenotypes related to calcification, proliferation, and migration in VSMCs isolated from 151 multiethnic heart transplant donors. After genotyping and imputation, we performed association mapping using 6.3 million genetic variants. We demonstrated significant variations in calcification, proliferation, and migration. These phenotypes were not correlated with each other. We performed genome-wide association studies for 12 atherosclerosis-relevant phenotypes and identified 4 genome-wide significant loci associated with at least one VSMC phenotype. We overlapped the previously identified CAD loci with our data set and found nominally significant associations at 79 loci. One of them was the chromosome 1q41 locus, which harbors MIA3. The G allele of the lead risk single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs67180937 was associated with lower VSMC MIA3 expression and lower proliferation. Lentivirus-mediated silencing of MIA3 (melanoma inhibitory activity protein 3) in VSMCs resulted in lower proliferation, consistent with human genetics findings. Furthermore, we observed a significant reduction of MIA3 protein in VSMCs in thin fibrous caps of late-stage atherosclerotic plaques compared to early fibroatheroma with thick and protective fibrous caps in mice and humans. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that genetic variants have significant influences on VSMC function relevant to the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, high MIA3 expression may promote atheroprotective VSMC phenotypic transitions, including increased proliferation, which is essential in the formation or maintenance of a protective fibrous cap.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/genetics
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genetic Variation
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G., D.F., A.F.)
| | - V Peter Nagraj
- School of Medicine Research Computing (V.P.N.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Aaron Aguhob
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Biomedical Engineering (A.A., L.C., D.L., R.A.-W., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jameson Hinkle
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Lisa Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Biomedical Engineering (A.A., L.C., D.L., R.A.-W., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joon Yuhl Soh
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Dillon Lue
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Biomedical Engineering (A.A., L.C., D.L., R.A.-W., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Molecular Physiology, Biological Physics, Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Arjan Boltjes
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht (A.B., S.W.v.d.L., G.P.)
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht (A.B., S.W.v.d.L., G.P.)
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Daniela Fuller
- CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G., D.F., A.F.)
| | - Rita Anane-Wae
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Biomedical Engineering (A.A., L.C., D.L., R.A.-W., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ngozi Akingbesote
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences (L.M., J.L.M.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology (L.M., J.L.M.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (M.U.K.)
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Genetics and Genomic Sciences (L.M., J.L.M.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology (L.M., J.L.M.B.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (J.L.M.B.)
| | - Suna Önengüt-Gümüşcü
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht (A.B., S.W.v.d.L., G.P.)
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gary K Owens
- Molecular Physiology, Biological Physics, Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (G.F.A., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Aloke Finn
- CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (L.G., D.F., A.F.)
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F., J.A.B.)
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F., J.A.B.)
| | - Judith A Berliner
- Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (M.N., A.M.F., J.A.B.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., A.A., J.H., L.C., J.Y.S., D.L., E.F., R.A.-W., N.A., A.W.M., S.O.-G., C.L.M., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Biomedical Engineering (A.A., L.C., D.L., R.A.-W., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness is recognized as an important predictor of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality, independent of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Given that arterial tissue is not easily accessible, most gene expression studies on arterial stiffness have been conducted on animals or on patients who have undergone by-pass surgeries. In order to obtain a deeper understanding of early changes of arterial stiffness, this study compared transcriptome profiles between healthy adults with higher and lower arterial stiffness. METHODS The sample included 20 healthy female adults without cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, the "gold-standard" measure of central arterial stiffness. Peripheral blood samples collected to PAXgene™ RNA tubes were used for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The potential confounding effects of age, body mass index, and mean arterial pressure were controlled for in RNA-seq analysis. To validate RNA-seq results, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for six selected genes. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that genes including CAPN9, IL32, ERAP2, RAB6B, MYBPH, and miRNA626 were down-regulated, and that MOCS1 gene was up-regulated among the people with higher arterial stiffness. Real-time PCR showed that the changes of CAPN9, IL32, ERAP2, and RAB6B were in concordance with RNA-seq data, and confirmed the validity of the gene expression profiles obtained by RNA-seq analysis. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have suggested the potential roles of CAPN9, IL32, and ERAP2 in structural changes of the arterial wall through up-regulation of metalloproteinases. However, the current study showed that CAPN9, IL32, and ERAP2 were down-regulated in the individuals with higher arterial stiffness, compared with those with lower arterial stiffness. The unexpected directions of expression of these genes may indicate an effort to maintain vascular homeostasis during increased arterial stiffness among healthy individuals. Further studies are guaranteed to investigate the roles of CAPN9, IL32, and ERAP2 in regulating arterial stiffness in people with and without cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yongde Bao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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14
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Fernández-Castañeda A, Chappell MS, Rosen DA, Seki SM, Beiter RM, Johanson DM, Liskey D, Farber E, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Overall CC, Dupree JL, Gaultier A. The active contribution of OPCs to neuroinflammation is mediated by LRP1. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:365-382. [PMID: 31552482 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) account for about 5% of total brain and spinal cord cells, giving rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes that provide electrical insulation to neurons of the CNS. OPCs have also recently been shown to regulate inflammatory responses and glial scar formation, suggesting functions that extend beyond myelination. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifaceted phagocytic receptor that is highly expressed in several CNS cell types, including OPCs. Here, we have generated an oligodendroglia-specific knockout of LRP1, which presents with normal myelin development, but is associated with better outcomes in two animal models of demyelination (EAE and cuprizone). At a mechanistic level, LRP1 did not directly affect OPC differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Instead, animals lacking LRP1 in OPCs in the demyelinating CNS were characterized by a robust dampening of inflammation. In particular, LRP1-deficient OPCs presented with impaired antigen cross-presentation machinery, suggesting a failure to propagate the inflammatory response and thus promoting faster myelin repair and neuroprotection. Our study places OPCs as major regulators of neuroinflammation in an LRP1-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fernández-Castañeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Megan S Chappell
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Dorian A Rosen
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Scott M Seki
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rebecca M Beiter
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David M Johanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Delaney Liskey
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Christopher C Overall
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Dupree
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Alban Gaultier
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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15
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Wang TT, Yang J, Dighe S, Schmachtenberg MW, Leigh NT, Farber E, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Feith DJ, Ratan A, Loughran TP, Olson TL. Whole Genome Sequencing of Spontaneously Occurring Rat Natural Killer Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Identifies JAK1 Somatic Activating Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010126. [PMID: 31947841 PMCID: PMC7017127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia arises spontaneously in elderly Fischer (F344) rats. This rodent model has been shown to emulate many aspects of the natural killer (NK) variant of human LGL leukemia. Previous transplantation of leukemic material into young F344 rats resulted in several strains of rat NK (RNK) primary leukemic cells. One strain, RNK-16, was adapted into the RNK-16 cell line and established as an aggressive NK-LGL leukemia model. Whole genome sequencing of the RNK-16 cell line identified 255,838 locations where the RNK16 had an alternate allele that was different from F334, including a mutation in Jak1. Functional studies showed Jak1 Y1034C to be a somatic activating mutation that mediated increased STAT signaling, as assessed by phosphoprotein levels. Sanger sequencing of Jak1 in RNK-1, -3, -7, and -16 found only RNK-16 to harbor the Y1034C Jak1 mutation. In vivo studies revealed that rats engrafted with RNK-16 primary material developed leukemia more rapidly than those engrafted with RNK-1, -3, and -7. Additionally, ex vivo RNK-16 spleen cells from leukemic rats exhibited increased STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 phosphorylation compared to other RNK strains. Therefore, we report and characterize a novel gain-of-function Jak1 mutation in a spontaneous LGL leukemia model that results in increased downstream STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Tiffany Wang
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Shubha Dighe
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Matthew W. Schmachtenberg
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Nathan T. Leigh
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - David J. Feith
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Thomas L. Olson
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(434)-243-8332
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16
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Beauchamp G, Rosentel J, Farber E, Levi J, Laubach L, Crowley L, MacKenzie R, Richardson D, Greenberg M. 332 Feasibility of Implementation of an Emergency Department Discharge Opioid Taper Protocol. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Onengut-Gumuscu S, Chen WM, Robertson CC, Bonnie JK, Farber E, Zhu Z, Oksenberg JR, Brant SR, Bridges SL, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, Gregersen PK, Rewers MJ, Steck AK, Black MH, Dabelea D, Pihoker C, Atkinson MA, Wagenknecht LE, Divers J, Bell RA, Erlich HA, Concannon P, Rich SS. Type 1 Diabetes Risk in African-Ancestry Participants and Utility of an Ancestry-Specific Genetic Risk Score. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:406-415. [PMID: 30659077 PMCID: PMC6385701 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic risk scores (GRS) have been developed that differentiate individuals with type 1 diabetes from those with other forms of diabetes and are starting to be used for population screening; however, most studies were conducted in European-ancestry populations. This study identifies novel genetic variants associated with type 1 diabetes risk in African-ancestry participants and develops an African-specific GRS. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We generated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data with the ImmunoChip on 1,021 African-ancestry participants with type 1 diabetes and 2,928 control participants. HLA class I and class II alleles were imputed using SNP2HLA. Logistic regression models were used to identify genome-wide significant (P < 5.0 × 10-8) SNPs associated with type 1 diabetes in the African-ancestry samples and validate SNPs associated with risk in known European-ancestry loci (P < 2.79 × 10-5). RESULTS African-specific (HLA-DQA1*03:01-HLA-DQB1*02:01) and known European-ancestry HLA haplotypes (HLA-DRB1*03:01-HLA-DQA1*05:01-HLA-DQB1*02:01, HLA-DRB1*04:01-HLA-DQA1*03:01-HLA-DQB1*03:02) were significantly associated with type 1 diabetes risk. Among European-ancestry defined non-HLA risk loci, six risk loci were significantly associated with type 1 diabetes in subjects of African ancestry. An African-specific GRS provided strong prediction of type 1 diabetes risk (area under the curve 0.871), performing significantly better than a European-based GRS and two polygenic risk scores in independent discovery and validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Genetic risk of type 1 diabetes includes ancestry-specific, disease-associated variants. The GRS developed here provides improved prediction of type 1 diabetes in African-ancestry subjects and a means to identify groups of individuals who would benefit from immune monitoring for early detection of islet autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Jessica K Bonnie
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Zhennan Zhu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven R Brant
- Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - S Louis Bridges
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jeffrey C Edberg
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Robert P Kimberly
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics & Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Dana Dabelea
- Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Mark A Atkinson
- Diabetes Institute and Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Henry A Erlich
- Center for Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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18
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Mychaleckyj JC, Havt A, Nayak U, Pinkerton R, Farber E, Concannon P, Lima AA, Guerrant RL. Genome-Wide Analysis in Brazilians Reveals Highly Differentiated Native American Genome Regions. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:559-574. [PMID: 28100790 PMCID: PMC5430616 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its population, geographic size, and emerging economic importance, disproportionately little genome-scale research exists into genetic factors that predispose Brazilians to disease, or the population genetics of risk. After identification of suitable proxy populations and careful analysis of tri-continental admixture in 1,538 North-Eastern Brazilians to estimate individual ancestry and ancestral allele frequencies, we computed 400,000 genome-wide locus-specific branch length (LSBL) Fst statistics of Brazilian Amerindian ancestry compared to European and African; and a similar set of differentiation statistics for their Amerindian component compared with the closest Asian 1000 Genomes population (surprisingly, Bengalis in Bangladesh). After ranking SNPs by these statistics, we identified the top 10 highly differentiated SNPs in five genome regions in the LSBL tests of Brazilian Amerindian ancestry compared to European and African; and the top 10 SNPs in eight regions comparing their Amerindian component to the closest Asian 1000 Genomes population. We found SNPs within or proximal to the genes CIITA (rs6498115), SMC6 (rs1834619), and KLHL29 (rs2288697) were most differentiated in the Amerindian-specific branch, while SNPs in the genes ADAMTS9 (rs7631391), DOCK2 (rs77594147), SLC28A1 (rs28649017), ARHGAP5 (rs7151991), and CIITA (rs45601437) were most highly differentiated in the Asian comparison. These genes are known to influence immune function, metabolic and anthropometry traits, and embryonic development. These analyses have identified candidate genes for selection within Amerindian ancestry, and by comparison of the two analyses, those for which the differentiation may have arisen during the migration from Asia to the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,INCT-Instituto de Biomedicina Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Uma Nayak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Relana Pinkerton
- Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.,Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Aldo A Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,INCT-Instituto de Biomedicina Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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19
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Wang Q, Grainger AT, Manichaikul A, Farber E, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Shi W. Genetic linkage of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in an intercross between BALB/cJ and SM/J Apoe-deficient mouse strains. BMC Genet 2015; 16:133. [PMID: 26555648 PMCID: PMC4641414 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with dyslipidemia often develop type 2 diabetes, and diabetic patients often have dyslipidemia. It remains to be determined whether there are genetic connections between the 2 disorders. METHODS A female F2 cohort, generated from BALB/cJ (BALB) and SM/J (SM) Apoe-deficient (Apoe(-/-)) strains, was started on a Western diet at 6 weeks of age and maintained on the diet for 12 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were measured before and after 12 weeks of Western diet. 144 genetic markers across the entire genome were used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. RESULTS One significant QTL on chromosome 9, named Bglu17 [26.4 cM, logarithm of odds ratio (LOD): 5.4], and 3 suggestive QTLs were identified for fasting glucose levels. The suggestive QTL near the proximal end of chromosome 9 (2.4 cM, LOD: 3.12) was replicated at both time points and named Bglu16. Bglu17 coincided with a significant QTL for HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and a suggestive QTL for non-HDL cholesterol levels. Plasma glucose levels were inversely correlated with HDL but positively correlated with non-HDL cholesterol levels in F2 mice on either chow or Western diet. A significant correlation between fasting glucose and triglyceride levels was also observed on the Western diet. Haplotype analysis revealed that "lipid genes" Sik3, Apoa1, and Apoc3 were probable candidates for Bglu17. CONCLUSIONS We have identified multiple QTLs for fasting glucose and lipid levels. The colocalization of QTLs for both phenotypes and the sharing of potential candidate genes demonstrate genetic connections between dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Snyder Bldg Rm 266, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., P.O. Box 801339, Fontaine Research Park, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,University of Virginia, Snyder Bldg Rm 266, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., P.O. Box 801339, Fontaine Research Park, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Andrew T Grainger
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health and Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health and Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health and Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Snyder Bldg Rm 266, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., P.O. Box 801339, Fontaine Research Park, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,University of Virginia, Snyder Bldg Rm 266, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., P.O. Box 801339, Fontaine Research Park, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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Onengut-Gumuscu S, Chen WM, Burren O, Cooper NJ, Quinlan AR, Mychaleckyj JC, Farber E, Bonnie JK, Szpak M, Schofield E, Achuthan P, Guo H, Fortune MD, Stevens H, Walker NM, Ward LD, Kundaje A, Kellis M, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Cooper JD, Deloukas P, Todd JA, Wallace C, Concannon P, Rich SS. Fine mapping of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci and evidence for colocalization of causal variants with lymphoid gene enhancers. Nat Genet 2015; 47:381-6. [PMID: 25751624 PMCID: PMC4380767 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have identified 50 susceptibility regions1,2 (www.T1DBase.org) revealing major pathways contributing to risk3, with some loci shared across immune disorders4–6. In order to make genetic comparisons across autoimmune disorders as informative as possible a dense genotyping array, the ImmunoChip, was developed, from which four novel T1D regions were identified (P < 5 × 10−8). A comparative analysis with 15 immune diseases (www.ImmunoBase.org) revealed that T1D is more similar genetically to other autoantibody-positive diseases, most significantly to juvenile idiopathic arthritis and least to ulcerative colitis, and provided support for three additional novel T1D loci. Using a Bayesian approach, we defined credible sets for the T1D SNPs. These T1D SNPs localized to enhancer sequences active in thymus, T and B cells, and CD34+ stem cells. Enhancer-promoter interactions can now be analyzed in these cell types to identify which particular genes and regulatory sequences are causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- 1] Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- 1] Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Oliver Burren
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick J Cooper
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron R Quinlan
- 1] Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Josyf C Mychaleckyj
- 1] Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jessica K Bonnie
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michal Szpak
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ellen Schofield
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Premanand Achuthan
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Guo
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mary D Fortune
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Stevens
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil M Walker
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucas D Ward
- 1] Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- 1] Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. [4] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- 1] Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- 1] Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jason D Cooper
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - John A Todd
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris Wallace
- 1] Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF)/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. [2] Medical Research Council (MRC) Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- 1] Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. [2] Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Xu H, Huang X, Riserus U, Cederholm T, Lindholm B, Arnlov J, Carrero JJ, Leiba A, Vivante A, Bulednikov Y, Golan E, Skorecki K, Shohat T, Mjoen G, Zannad F, Jardine A, Schmieder R, Fellstrom B, Holdaas H, Zager P, Miskulin D, Gassman J, Kendrick C, Ploth D, Jhamb M, Jankowski V, Schulz A, Mischak H, Zidek W, Jankowski J, Lee YK, Cho A, Kim JK, Choi MJ, Kim SJ, Yoon JW, Koo JR, Kim HJ, Noh JW, Itano S, Satoh M, Kidokoro K, Sasaki T, Kashihara N, Koutroumpas G, Sarafidis P, Georgianos P, Karpetas A, Protogerou A, Syrganis C, Malindretos P, Raptopoulou K, Panagoutsos S, Pasadakis P, Zager P, Miskulin D, Gassman J, Kendrick C, Jhamb M, Ploth D, Vink EE, De Boer A, Verloop WL, Spiering W, Voskuil M, Vonken EJ, Hoogduin JM, Leiner T, Bots ML, Blankestijn PJ, Sarafidis PA, Karpetas AV, Georgianos PI, Bikos A, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Tzimou R, Raptis V, Vakianis P, Tersi M, Liakopoulos V, Lasaridis AN, Protogerou A, Ribeiro S, Fernandes J, Garrido P, Sereno J, Vala H, Bronze Da Rocha E, Belo L, Costa E, Reis F, Santos-Silva A, Kalaitzidis R, Skapinakis P, Karathanos V, Karasavvidou D, Katatsis G, Pappas K, Hatzidakis S, Siamopoulos K, Margulis F, Sabbatiello R, Castro C, Ramallo S, Martinez M, Schiavelli R, Ganem D, Nakhoul F, Roth A, Farber E, Kim CS, Kim HY, Kang YU, Choi JS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Koutroumpas G, Sarafidis P, Georgianos P, Karpetas A, Protogerou A, Malindretos P, Syrganis C, Tzanis G, Panagoutsos S, Pasadakis P, Jankowski M, Kasztan M, Kowalski R, Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Szczepa Ska-Konkel M, Angielski S, Evangelou D, Naka K, Kalaitzidis R, Lakkas L, Bechlioulis A, Gkirdis I, Nakas G, Zarzoulas F, Kotsia A, Balafa O, Tzeltzes G, Pappas K, Katsouras C, Dounousi E, Michalis L, Siamopoulos K, Maciorkowska D, Zbroch E, Koc-Zorawska E, Malyszko J, Karabay Bayazit A, Yuksekkaya I, Aynaci S, Anarat A, Nakai K, Fujii H, Ishida R, Utaka C, Awata R, Goto S, Ito J, Nishi S, Elsurer R, Afsar B, Lepar Z, Radulescu D, David C, Peride I, Niculae A, Checherita IA, Ciocalteu A, Sungur CI, Kanbay M, Siriopol D, Nistor I, Elcioglu OC, Telci O, Johnson R, Covic A, Vettoretti S, Gallazzi E, Meazza R, Gagliardi V, Villarini A, Alfieri CM, Floreani R, Messa P, Vettoretti S, Alfieri CM, Gallazzi E, Gagliardi V, Villarini A, Meazza R, Floreani R, Messa P, Kotovskaya Y, Villevalde S, Kobalava Z, Circiumaru A, Rusu E, Zilisteanu D, Atasie T, Cirstea F, Ecobici M, Voiculescu M, Rosca M, Tanase C, Baoti I, Vidjak V, Prka in I, Bulum T, Arslan E, Sarlak H, Cakar M, Demirbas S, Akhan M, Kurt O, Balta S, Yesilkaya S, Bulucu F, Chan CK, Lin YH, Wu VC, Wu KD, De Beus E, Bots ML, Van Zuilen AD, Wetzels JF, Blankestijn PJ, Mohaupt M, Straessle K, Baumann M, Raio L, Sirbek D, Nascimento MA, Mouro MG, Punaro GR, Mello MT, Tufik S, Higa EMS. HYPERTENSION. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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22
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Chang SY, Hudon-Miller SE, Yang SH, Jung HJ, Lee JM, Farber E, Subramanian T, Andres DA, Spielmann HP, Hrycyna CA, Young SG, Fong LG. Inhibitors of protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I lead to prelamin A accumulation in cells by inhibiting ZMPSTE24. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1176-82. [PMID: 22448028 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m026161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors, generally called "FTIs," block the farnesylation of prelamin A, inhibiting the biogenesis of mature lamin A and leading to an accumulation of prelamin A within cells. A recent report found that a GGTI, an inhibitor of protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGTase-I), caused an exaggerated accumulation of prelamin A in the presence of low amounts of an FTI. This finding was interpreted as indicating that prelamin A can be alternately prenylated by GGTase-I and that inhibiting both protein prenyltransferases leads to more prelamin A accumulation than blocking FTase alone. Here, we tested an alternative hypothesis-GGTIs are not specific for GGTase-I, and they lead to prelamin A accumulation by inhibiting ZMPSTE24 (a zinc metalloprotease that converts farnesyl-prelamin A to mature lamin A). In our studies, commonly used GGTIs caused prelamin A accumulation in human fibroblasts, but the prelamin A in GGTI-treated cells exhibited a more rapid electrophoretic mobility than prelamin A from FTI-treated cells. The latter finding suggested that the prelamin A in GGTI-treated cells might be farnesylated (which would be consistent with the notion that GGTIs inhibit ZMPSTE24). Indeed, metabolic labeling studies revealed that the prelamin A in GGTI-treated fibroblasts is farnesylated. Moreover, biochemical assays of ZMPSTE24 activity showed that ZMPSTE24 is potently inhibited by a GGTI. Our studies show that GGTIs inhibit ZMPSTE24, leading to an accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A. Thus, caution is required when interpreting the effects of GGTIs on prelamin A processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Y Chang
- Department of Medicine and University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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23
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Chance S, Bakeman R, Kaslow N, Farber E, Burge-Callaway K. Core conflictual relationship themes in patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder who attempted, or who did not attempt, suicide. Psychother Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/ptr/10.3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McAdams DP, Albaugh M, Farber E, Daniels J, Logan RL, Olson B. Family metaphors and moral intuitions: how conservatives and liberals narrate their lives. J Pers Soc Psychol 2008; 95:978-90. [PMID: 18808272 DOI: 10.1037/a0012650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This research examines life-narrative interviews obtained from 128 highly religious and politically active adults to test differences between political conservatives and liberals on (a) implicit family metaphors (G. Lakoff, 2002) and (b) moral intuitions (J. Haidt & C. Joseph, 2004). Content analysis of 12 key scenes in life stories showed that conservatives, as predicted, tended to depict authority figures as strict enforcers of moral rules and to identify lessons in self-discipline. By contrast, liberals were more likely to identify lessons learned regarding empathy and openness, even though (contrary to prediction) they were no more likely than conservatives to describe nurturant authority figures. Analysis of extended discourse on the development of religious faith and personal morality showed that conservatives emphasized moral intuitions regarding respect for social hierarchy, allegiance to in-groups, and the purity or sanctity of the self, whereas liberals invested more significance in moral intuitions regarding harm and fairness. The results are discussed in terms of the recent upsurge of interest among psychologists in political ideology and the value of using life-narrative methods and concepts to explore how politically active adults attempt to construct meaningful lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P McAdams
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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25
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Davies BSJ, Waki H, Beigneux AP, Farber E, Weinstein MM, Wilpitz DC, Tai LJ, Evans RM, Fong LG, Tontonoz P, Young SG. The expression of GPIHBP1, an endothelial cell binding site for lipoprotein lipase and chylomicrons, is induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2496-504. [PMID: 18787041 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), a protein in the lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly-6) family, plays a key role in the lipolytic processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. GPIHBP1 binds lipoprotein lipase and chylomicrons and is expressed along the luminal surface of microvascular endothelial cells. Lipolysis is known to be regulated by metabolic factors and is controlled at multiple levels, including the number of LPL binding sites on capillaries. Here, we tested the possibility that GPIHBP1 expression could be regulated by dietary perturbations and by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Gpihbp1 transcript levels in the heart and in brown and white adipose tissue increased with fasting and returned toward baseline after refeeding. A PPARgamma agonist increased Gpihbp1 expression in adipose tissue, heart, and skeletal muscle, whereas PPARalpha and PPARdelta agonists had no effect. Gpihbp1 was expressed in endothelial cells of embryoid bodies generated from mouse embryonic stem cells, and Gpihbp1 expression in embryoid bodies was up-regulated by a PPARgamma agonist. Sequences upstream from exon 1 of Gpihbp1 contain a strong PPAR binding site, and that site exhibited activity in a luciferase reporter assay. Gpihbp1 transcript levels in brown and white adipose tissue were lower in endothelial cell PPARgamma knockout mice than in littermate control mice, suggesting that PPARgamma regulates Gpihbp1 expression in vivo. We conclude that GPIHBP1 is regulated by dietary factors and by PPARgamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S J Davies
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Davies BSJ, Yang SH, Farber E, Lee R, Buck SB, Andres DA, Spielmann HP, Agnew BJ, Tamanoi F, Fong LG, Young SG. Increasing the length of progerin's isoprenyl anchor does not worsen bone disease or survival in mice with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. J Lipid Res 2008; 50:126-34. [PMID: 18757838 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800424-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by the synthesis of a truncated prelamin A, commonly called progerin, that contains a carboxyl-terminal farnesyl lipid anchor. The farnesyl lipid anchor helps to target progerin to membrane surfaces at the nuclear rim, where it disrupts the integrity of the nuclear lamina and causes misshapen nuclei. Several lines of evidence have suggested that progerin's farnesyl lipid anchor is crucial for the emergence of disease phenotypes. Because a geranylgeranyl lipid is approximately 45-fold more potent than a farnesyl lipid in anchoring proteins to lipid membranes, we hypothesized that a geranylgeranylated version of progerin might be more potent in eliciting disease phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, we used gene targeting to create mice expressing geranylgeranylated progerin (Lmna(ggHG/+)). We then compared Lmna(ggHG/+) mice, side-by-side, with otherwise identical mice expressing farnesylated progerin (Lmna(HG/+)). Geranylgeranylation of progerin in Lmna(ggHG/+) cells and farnesylation of progerin in Lmna(HG/+) cells was confirmed by metabolic labeling. Contrary to our expectations, Lmna(ggHG/+) mice survived longer than Lmna(HG/+) mice. The Lmna(ggHG/+) mice also exhibited milder bone disease. The steady-state levels of progerin, relative to lamin C, were lower in Lmna(ggHG/+) mice than in Lmna(HG/+) mice, providing a potential explanation for the milder disease in Lmna(ggHG/+) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S J Davies
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Abstract
Changes in enzyme activity due to induction by chemicals is an important property that can determine the type of response seen in tissues exposed to environmental chemicals. Two major types of response, acute irreversible liver cell injury or death (necrosis) and long-term cancer induction, are discussed in terms of their modulation by enzyme induction. Most commonly, enzyme induction leads to a more severe toxic response by the liver, and to more cell death. However, inducers may have a protective effect, especially in carcinogenesis, when they most frequently protect against cancer induction if used early in the process. There is a discrepancy between this observation and the increase in mutagenic activity of liver preparations observed after induction. However, when enzyme induction occurs at a later stage, after initiation, it often accelerates or promotes cancer induction. Also, new cell populations constantly observed during liver carcinogenesis are composed of very hypertrophic hepatocytes containing a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. This is associated with a radical change in enzyme activities in the reticulum, which may account in part for the characteristic resistance exhibited by initiated cells to hepatotoxins and carcinogens. The resistance is considered to be an important property that may play a key role in the development of cancer under some circumstances.
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28
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Yang SH, Qiao X, Farber E, Chang SY, Fong LG, Young SG. Eliminating the synthesis of mature lamin A reduces disease phenotypes in mice carrying a Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome allele. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:7094-9. [PMID: 18178963 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708138200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome is caused by the synthesis of a mutant form of prelamin A, which is generally called progerin. Progerin is targeted to the nuclear rim, where it interferes with the integrity of the nuclear lamina, causes misshapen cell nuclei, and leads to multiple aging-like disease phenotypes. We created a gene-targeted allele yielding exclusively progerin (Lmna HG) and found that heterozygous mice (Lmna HG/+) exhibit many phenotypes of progeria. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the phenotypes elicited by the Lmna HG allele might be modulated by compositional changes in the nuclear lamina. To explore this hypothesis, we bred mice harboring one Lmna HG allele and one Lmna LCO allele (a mutant allele that produces lamin C but no lamin A). We then compared the phenotypes of Lmna HG/LCO mice (which produce progerin and lamin C) with littermate Lmna HG/+ mice (which produce lamin A, lamin C, and progerin). Lmna HG/LCO mice exhibited improved HG/LCO fibroblasts had fewer misshapen nuclei than Lmna HG/+ fibroblasts (p < 0.0001). A likely explanation for these differences was uncovered; the amount of progerin in Lmna HG/LCO fibroblasts and tissues was lower than in Lmna HG/+ fibroblasts and tissues. These studies suggest that compositional changes in the nuclear lamina can influence both the steady-state levels of progerin and the severity of progeria-like disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao H Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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29
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Abstract
Glow discharge plasma, derived from direct-current gas breakdown, is investigated in order to realize an inexpensive terahertz (THz) room-temperature detector. Preliminary results for THz radiation show that glow discharge indicator lamps as room-temperature detectors yield good responsivity and noise-equivalent power. Development of a focal plane array (FPA) using such devices as detectors is advantageous since the cost of a glow discharge detector is approximately $0.2-$0.5 per lamp, and the FPA images will be diffraction limited. The detection mechanism of the glow discharge detector is found to be the enhanced diffusion current, which causes the glow discharge detector bias current to decrease when exposed to THz radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abramovich
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ariel University Center of Samaria, Ariel, Israel.
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30
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Beigneux AP, Davies BSJ, Gin P, Weinstein MM, Farber E, Qiao X, Peale F, Bunting S, Walzem RL, Wong JS, Blaner WS, Ding ZM, Melford K, Wongsiriroj N, Shu X, de Sauvage F, Ryan RO, Fong LG, Bensadoun A, Young SG. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 plays a critical role in the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons. Cell Metab 2007; 5:279-91. [PMID: 17403372 PMCID: PMC1913910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The triglycerides in chylomicrons are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase (LpL) along the luminal surface of the capillaries. However, the endothelial cell molecule that facilitates chylomicron processing by LpL has not yet been defined. Here, we show that glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) plays a critical role in the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons. Gpihbp1-deficient mice exhibit a striking accumulation of chylomicrons in the plasma, even on a low-fat diet, resulting in milky plasma and plasma triglyceride levels as high as 5000 mg/dl. Normally, Gpihbp1 is expressed highly in heart and adipose tissue, the same tissues that express high levels of LpL. In these tissues, GPIHBP1 is located on the luminal face of the capillary endothelium. Expression of GPIHBP1 in cultured cells confers the ability to bind both LpL and chylomicrons. These studies strongly suggest that GPIHBP1 is an important platform for the LpL-mediated processing of chylomicrons in capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Beigneux
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute 94609, USA.
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Kanduc D, Mittelman A, Serpico R, Sinigaglia E, Sinha A, Natale C, Santacroce R, Di Corcia M, Lucchese A, Dini L, Pani P, Santacroce S, Simone S, Bucci R, Farber E. Cell death: Apoptosis versus necrosis (Review). Int J Oncol 2002. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.21.1.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Phenotypic resistance, acquired early in carcinogenesis, has an established role in the pathogenesis of cancer in well-characterised experimental systems, and possibly also has a role in the origin of human cancer. It has been suggested that sunlight, an established risk factor for human skin carcinogenesis, is able to induce rare altered cells resistant to toxicity and to favour their clonal expansion via toxic effects exerted on normal keratinocytes. Other major risk factors for human neoplasia, including smoking and ageing, may also act partly through imposition of a constrained growth environment in the target organ to favour the emergence of altered resistant cells. Strategies aimed at counteracting this constrained environment could be effective in attenuating the force that sustains clonal expansion of altered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Laconi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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33
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Abstract
Our overall understanding of mechanisms of toxicology in relation to human disease, with prevention of disease as a major objective, depends in part on the development of an adequate number of ways to assess risks, both short term and long term. Despite the cost, the long duration of the test, and some pitfalls, the long-term animal tests remain, to date, the only reliable assay for possible carcinogens. Recent work has concentrated increasingly on the development of short-term tests to replace the long-term tests. Such a development would be most welcome from several points of view. To date, a variety of approaches have been or are being used. These include (1) activation to an alkylating agent with DNA as the most important target, generating possible mutations in DNA and DNA damage with or without repair, (2) induction of cell proliferation, at least a few cycles, with DNA synthesis as the major target, again favoring mutations, and (3) decrease in cell-to-cell communication (gap-junctional intercellular communication) as a supposed test for promotion. None of these proposed assays are reliable indices for possible carcinogenic effects of chemicals or other agents; the scientific basis for this negative conclusion is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farber
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Carolina Medical School, Columbia 29209, USA
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34
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Nagai MK, Farber E. The slow induction of resistant hepatocytes during initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by the nongenotoxic carcinogen clofibrate. Exp Mol Pathol 1999; 67:144-9. [PMID: 10600397 DOI: 10.1006/exmp.1999.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore whether a well-known nongenotoxic liver carcinogen, clofibrate, would induce rare resistant hepatocytes similar to those seen during initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis with many genotoxic carcinogens. Male young adult F344 rats were exposed to a control diet containing 0.5% (w/w) clofibrate for 3, 6, or 10 months. After 1 month on a diet free of clofibrate, the animals were assayed for resistant hepatocytes by a standardized selection procedure using 2-acetylaminofluorene as the inhibitor and partial hepatectomy as a strong stimulus for cell proliferation. No resistant hepatocytes were found in the animals exposed to clofibrate for 3 months or in any of a series of control animals. However, animals on the clofibrate for 6 and 10 months contained resistant hepatocytes that were clonally expanded to produce hepatocyte nodules. These nodules were indistinguishable on gross and microscopic examination from hepatocyte nodules seen in animals in which nodules are induced with one of many different genotoxic carcinogens. Also, like those nodules, the nodules seen in the animals exposed to clofibrate stained positively for glutathione S-transferase 1-1 and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and negatively for ATPase. The evidence from this study indicates that the nongenotoxic carcinogen, clofibrate, induces early cellular changes in the liver that are very similar to those induced by many different genotoxic carcinogens. These changes are manifest as a resistance phenotype in a few scattered hepatocytes that now can be clonally expanded selectively to form hepatocyte nodules. However, the resistant hepatocytes are induced by clofibrate much more slowly. Whether this basic similarity pertains to the later steps in the hepatocarcinogenic process remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nagai
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Medical Science Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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35
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Kanduc D, Bannasch P, Farber E. A critical perspective in cancer research (Review). Int J Oncol 1999; 15:1213-20. [PMID: 10568830 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.15.6.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in cancer biology data and treatment. Cancer research has opened exciting new areas of cellular and molecular biology. Month by month, new genes which regulate the carcinogenesis process are being discovered. The result is an incredible knowledge of cancer: what makes a cancer cell a cancer cell, what cancer cells need to develop, and how cancer cells behave, interact, overgrow and die. In parallel, gene manipulation within cells lets us foresee future possibilities of new cancer treatments. On the other hand, this combination of increased knowledge and powerful new techniques has provided no effective cancer therapy. As it has been quoted during the <Update and Intensive Review of Internal Medicine> meeting held in New York, August 1999: <. The success in treating Hodgkin's disease means that patients now live enough to develop complications related to the treatment>. Thus, after dedicated decades of excellent research, cancer remains a significant human, clinical, and economical burden. The purpose of this review is 2-fold. First, to analyze areas of basic cancer research that still await adequate scientific explanations. Second, to stress that, for its continuing advancement, cancer research is dependent upon close relationships among many disciplines; an intimate alignment of oncologists with biochemists, geneticists, immunologists, experimental pathologists, and pharmacologists is needed. In light of the great success registered at the basic science level but lack of effective therapies, it would be wise to establish human and economical resources addressed to a multidisciplinary collaborative effort in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kanduc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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36
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Jacobson MF, Farber E, Clapp R. Re: Long-term feeding of sodium saccharin to nonhuman primates: implications for urinary tract cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:934-6. [PMID: 9637144 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.12.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farber
- Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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38
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Farber E. Investigative toxicologic pathology in safety assessment--a commentary. Toxicol Pathol 1997; 25:660-1. [PMID: 9437817 DOI: 10.1177/019262339702500628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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39
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Abstract
1. Premalignant rat liver nodules produced in the resistant hepatocyte model, by exposure to carcinogenic chemicals (diethyl nitrosamine and 2-acetamidofluorene), and partial hepatectomy, exhibit decreased xenobiotic hydroxylase activities and increased conjugase activities, which are considered responsible for increased resistance to xenobiotic toxicity. 2. However, premalignant rat liver nodules generated by feeding the hypolipidaemic, peroxisomal proliferating drug, ciprofibrate, in a hypolipidaemic model, exhibit decreased hydroxylase activities but decreased conjugase activities also. 3. It is considered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in both the resistant hepatocyte model and in the hypolipidaemic model, resulting in lipid peroxidation, loss of haem, cytochromes and hydroxylase activities. 4. However, whereas there is a rebounding compensation of conjugase enzymes in the resistant hepatocyte model, this does not occur with the hypolipidaemic model, as peroxidation is probably persistent and the conjugases are continuously destroyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Roomi
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada
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40
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordomas are tumors of notochordal origin that account for approximately 1%-4% of all primary malignant bone tumors. The majority of patients with chordomas have a poor surgical prognosis due to extent of disease at diagnosis. These lesions have been previously classified based solely on their location. METHODS We describe here a case report of a posterior epidural C5-T1 chordoma that was discovered in a young patient who presented with weakness and paresthesia in all four extremities. This lesion was notable for its extraosseous and extradural characteristics. RESULTS C5-T1 laminectomy with gross total resection of the mass led to complete resolution of all symptoms. There has been no evidence of tumor recurrence to date. CONCLUSIONS We propose here a new classification system for chordomas that emphasizes the difference in resectability of these lesions depending on the space they occupy and the presence or absence of an osseous connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jallo
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, USA
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41
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Farber E. Monoclonal and polyclonal development of digestive tract tumors in chimeric mice. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997; 88:inside front cover. [PMID: 9119735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Farber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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42
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Farber E. Cell proliferation is not a major risk factor for cancer. Mod Pathol 1996; 9:606. [PMID: 8782195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Farber E. Alcohol and other chemicals in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Lab Med 1996; 16:377-94. [PMID: 8792078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A positive association between the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and the consumption of alcoholic beverages has been reported from some countries. The possible mechanistic nature of the association remains unclear, however. The effects of alcohol, as ethanol and as ethanol in various complex mixtures in the many different alcoholic beverages, were compared with the effects of well-known genotoxic and nongenotoxic or epigenetic carcinogens in carcinogenesis. There is no convincing evidence that alcohol can initiate the long multistep process of development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, it appears that alcohol cannot be considered as a complete carcinogen. The effects of alcohol were also compared with known promoting agents for liver cancer. Although the available data are less clear, nevertheless it appears that alcohol cannot be considered as a bona fide promoting agent for liver cancer development. The most likely roles of alcohol in the genesis of liver cancer are: (1) to induce a well-known precancerous liver lesion, cirrhosis, and (2) to modulate, in an as yet ill-defined manner, the process of cancer development with known human carcinogenic influences such as hepatitis due to hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. Alcohol is well known to induce several enzymes in the liver and, thus, could theoretically modulate one or more steps in the carcinogenic process. Because alcohol has been found to alter cell membranes in well-defined ways and cell membrane changes, especially in the liver endoplastic reticulum, appear to be common in the later steps in liver cancer development, it is suggested that one site of alcohol action might be in the modulation of the biophysical composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane, favoring the cellular evolution to neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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44
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Kanduc D, Pagano G, Farber E. Changes in tRNA pattern in ethionine-induced rat putative preneoplastic hepatocyte nodules. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1996; 38:1191-7. [PMID: 8739041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As part of a study to explore further the biochemical pathology of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis, cytoplasmic tRNA patterns have been studied in ethionine-induced rat putative preneoplastic nodules in comparison to surrounding non-nodular liver and control liver. A new h.p.l.c. methodology, able to resolve contemporaneously the numerous components in a tRNA population, has been used. The results obtained indicate the presence of marked differences in the chromatographic profiles of hepatocyte nodules, non-nodular surrounding liver and control liver. The differences are both quantitative and qualitative, with some chromatographic peaks showing increases and some decreases or absences. Also, new peaks are seen reproducibly in the nodules. The data show major changes in the tRNA population during hepatocarcinogenesis that might have mechanistic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kanduc
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Italy
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farber
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson, University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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46
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Draper HH, Agarwal S, Nelson DE, Wee JJ, Ghoshal AK, Farber E. Effects of peroxidative stress and age on the concentration of a deoxyguanosine-malondialdehyde adduct in rat DNA. Lipids 1995; 30:959-61. [PMID: 8538385 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of age and peroxidative stress on the concentration of a deoxyguanosine malondialdehyde adduct (dG-MDA) in rat tissues was investigated. Vitamin E deficiency had no effect on the dG-MDA content of liver DNA in rats fed a diet containing 10% corn oil. When 2% cod liver oil was added to this diet, the dG-MDA content of liver DNA doubled in the positive controls fed a high level of vitamin E (100 ppm dl-alpha-tocopherol), and there was a further increase when vitamin E was deleted. Neither iron nitrilotriacetate administration nor choline deficiency had any effect on the dG-MDA content of liver DNA. Carbon tetrachloride had a lowering effect. The failure of iron or carbon tetrachloride administration and of vitamin E deficiency to increase liver dG-MDA is consistent with their failure in previous experiments to affect the urinary excretion of dG-MDA. In contrast, these forms of peroxidative stress produce large increments in the urinary excretion of MDA adducts with lysine, reflecting increased formation and degradation of MDA-modified proteins. DNA appears to be protected from modification by MDA produced at extranuclear sites. The frequency of dG-MDA in different tissues of 4-month-old rats varied markedly: brain >> liver > kidneys and testes. Higher concentrations of dG-MDA were found in the liver and kidneys, but not the testes, of 25-month-old rats. The determinants of the concentration of dG-MDA in DNA merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Draper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Farber E. Cell proliferation as a major risk factor for cancer: a concept of doubtful validity. Cancer Res 1995; 55:3759-62. [PMID: 7641190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Farber
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Ghoshal AK, Farber E. Liver biochemical pathology of choline deficiency and of methyl group deficiency: a new orientation and assessment. Histol Histopathol 1995; 10:457-62. [PMID: 7599441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
New information on the pathologic effects of a choline deficient diet in the rat, in relation to the biochemical events, has led to a new understanding and orientation of the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic consequences in the liver. The biochemical pathology of choline deficiency is quite different than that of methyl group (lipotrope) deficiency. These studies in our laboratory and elsewhere are generating new insights and hypotheses concerning the genesis of hepatocyte necrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the rat fed a choline deficient diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ghoshal
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Gindi T, Ghazarian DM, Deitch D, Farber E. An origin of presumptive preneoplastic foci and nodules from hepatocytes in chemical carcinogenesis in rat liver. Cancer Lett 1994; 83:75-80. [PMID: 8062236 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The sites and times of appearance of preneoplastic foci in rat liver acinus during the first 11 days after initiation with diethylnitrosamine and promotion with 2-acetylaminofluorene plus partial hepatectomy was observed in three separate experiments. Foci appeared as alterations of hepatocytes followed by focal proliferation in each of the three zones before any ductular epithelial cell ('oval cell') proliferation. The dissociation between foci and 'oval cell proliferation' is strong evidence against a role of the latter in generating preneoplastic hepatocytes in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gindi
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Abstract
Changes in the degree of methylation of cytosine in DNA are considered to be mechanistically important in modulating gene expression. To gain a better understanding of the relationship(s) linking onco-proliferative processes and enzymatic DNA methylation, a study has been carried out on the hepatic DNA methylation pattern during DNA replication following partial hepatectomy (PH), mitogen treatment and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administration in rats. The following results were obtained: (i) DNA hypomethylation was seen during DNA synthesis, with each of the 3 stimuli, namely MNU administration, partial hepatectomy, and hepatomitogen treatment; (ii) the level of DNA hypomethylation was not quantificatively related to the extent of DNA replication as measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into hepatic DNA; (iii) MNU administration under conditions conducive to carcinogenic development, i.e. during the S phase of compensatory cell proliferation, caused hypermethylation of replicating hepatic DNA, as shown by HpaII and MspI restriction patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kanduc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bari, Italy
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