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Doens D, Valdés-Tresanco ME, Vasquez V, Carreira MB, De La Guardia Y, Stephens DE, Nguyen VD, Nguyen VT, Gu J, Hegde ML, Larionov OV, Valiente PA, Lleonart R, Fernández PL. Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3- b]indole Compounds as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4250-4263. [PMID: 31545596 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among the elderly and has become a leading public health concern worldwide. It represents a huge economic and psychological burden to caregivers and families. The presence of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques is one of the hallmarks of this neurodegenerative disorder. Amyloid plaques are comprised of aggregates of Aβ peptides, mainly Aβ42, originated by the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Aβ is a crucial target for the treatment of AD, but to date, no effective treatment for the clearance of Aβ has been found. We have identified four new hexahydropyrroloindoles (HPI) synthetic compounds that are able to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ42 and/or disaggregate the fibril. Docking experiments suggest that the nonpolar component of the interaction of compounds with Aβ42 contributes favorably to the binding free energy of each complex. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested fibril disaggregating activity of compounds 1 via interaction with hydrophobic moieties of the fibril. Consistently, compounds 1 and 2 were able to mitigate Aβ42 fibrils induced death in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC 12). One of the compounds reduces the formation of Aβ aggregates in vivo and the paralysis associated with Aβ toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our study thus augments efforts for the identification and characterization of new agents that may help stop or delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Doens
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge Edif #208, Panama 0843-01103, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Mario E. Valdés-Tresanco
- Centro de Estudios de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 No. 455, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Maria Beatriz Carreira
- Centro de Neurociencias, INDICASAT-AIP, City of Knowledge Edif #208, Panama, 0843-01103, Panama
| | - Yila De La Guardia
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge Edif #208, Panama 0843-01103, Panama
| | - David E. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Viet D. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Vu T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jianhua Gu
- AFM SEM Core, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Pedro A. Valiente
- Centro de Estudios de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 No. 455, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge Edif #208, Panama 0843-01103, Panama
| | - Patricia L. Fernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge Edif #208, Panama 0843-01103, Panama
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52
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Abrahamson EE, Head E, Lott IT, Handen BL, Mufson EJ, Christian BT, Klunk WE, Ikonomovic MD. Neuropathological correlates of amyloid PET imaging in Down syndrome. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:750-766. [PMID: 31379087 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) results in an overproduction of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide associated with early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DS cases have Aβ deposits detectable histologically as young as 12-30 years of age, primarily in the form of diffuse plaques, the type of early amyloid pathology also seen at pre-clinical (i.e., pathological aging) and prodromal stages of sporadic late onset AD. In DS subjects aged >40 years, levels of cortical Aβ deposition are similar to those observed in late onset AD and in addition to diffuse plaques involve cored plaques associated with dystrophic neurites (neuritic plaques), which are of neuropathological diagnostic significance in AD. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss findings from amyloid PET imaging studies of DS in reference to postmortem amyloid-based neuropathology. PET neuroimaging applied to subjects with DS has the potential to (a) track the natural progression of brain pathology, including the earliest stages of amyloid accumulation, and (b) determine whether amyloid PET biomarkers predict the onset of dementia. In addition, the question that is still incompletely understood and relevant to both applications is the ability of amyloid PET to detect Aβ deposits in their earliest form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Abrahamson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Ira T Lott
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Benjamin L Handen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Departments of Medical Physics and Psychiatry, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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53
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Huang C, Wagner-Valladolid S, Stephens AD, Jung R, Poudel C, Sinnige T, Lechler MC, Schlörit N, Lu M, Laine RF, Michel CH, Vendruscolo M, Kaminski CF, Kaminski Schierle GS, David DC. Intrinsically aggregation-prone proteins form amyloid-like aggregates and contribute to tissue aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2019; 8:e43059. [PMID: 31050339 PMCID: PMC6524967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced protein homeostasis leading to increased protein instability is a common molecular feature of aging, but it remains unclear whether this is a cause or consequence of the aging process. In neurodegenerative diseases and other amyloidoses, specific proteins self-assemble into amyloid fibrils and accumulate as pathological aggregates in different tissues. More recently, widespread protein aggregation has been described during normal aging. Until now, an extensive characterization of the nature of age-dependent protein aggregation has been lacking. Here, we show that age-dependent aggregates are rapidly formed by newly synthesized proteins and have an amyloid-like structure resembling that of protein aggregates observed in disease. We then demonstrate that age-dependent protein aggregation accelerates the functional decline of different tissues in C. elegans. Together, these findings imply that amyloid-like aggregates contribute to the aging process and therefore could be important targets for strategies designed to maintain physiological functions in the late stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolie Huang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
| | - Sara Wagner-Valladolid
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Amberley D Stephens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Raimund Jung
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
| | - Chetan Poudel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tessa Sinnige
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie C Lechler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Graduate Training Centre of NeuroscienceUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Nicole Schlörit
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
- Graduate Training Centre of NeuroscienceUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Romain F Laine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire H Michel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Della C David
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)TübingenGermany
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54
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Banerjee M, Ghosh M, Pradhan S, Sanmartín Matalobos J, Rej A, Hira SK, Das D. Azouracil and Its Cu(II)-Catalyzed Cyclization to an Anticancer Active Triazole Derivative: Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Reductive Cleavage, DNA Interaction, and Molecular Docking Studies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1184-1196. [PMID: 35021367 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil-based azo derivative (p-carboxy phenylazouracil, L11) undergoes Cu(II)-catalyzed cyclization to a triazole derivative, namely, 1,3-dimethyl-8-(p-carboxy phenyl) azapurine (L11P). Interestingly, the azo functionality of L11 undergoes both symmetrical and asymmetrical reductive cleavage at two different reaction conditions. The chloride salts of Mn(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II) catalyze reductive cleavage of an azo moiety in an asymmetric manner, producing a new uracil hydrazine derivative (A3). On the other hand, hydrazine catalyzes symmetrical reductive cleavage of the azo moiety of L11, resulting in 5,6-diamino-1,3-dimethyl uracil (A2) along with the starting p-aminobenzoic acid (A1). Time-dependent density functional theoretical (TD-DFT) studies provide optimized geometries of L11, L11P, and A3 along with their orbital energies. The L11 and L11P bind firmly to genomic DNA of E. coli with a site size n ∼ 9 and n ∼ 8. The L11P shows anticancer activity on selected murine lymphoma cancer cell lines (DL, YAC1, and 2PK3). In addition, its antiproliferative activity is measured with several cancer cell lines and found hemocompatible toward blood cells. Corresponding molecular docking studies of L11P with caspase-3 (cysteine-aspartic proteases) unlock their mode of interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahuya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Milan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Sayantan Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Jesús Sanmartín Matalobos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Avda. Das Ciencias s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Abhinandan Rej
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Hira
- Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
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55
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Perez SE, Miguel JC, He B, Malek-Ahmadi M, Abrahamson EE, Ikonomovic MD, Lott I, Doran E, Alldred MJ, Ginsberg SD, Mufson EJ. Frontal cortex and striatal cellular and molecular pathobiology in individuals with Down syndrome with and without dementia. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:413-436. [PMID: 30734106 PMCID: PMC6541490 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although, by age 40, individuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) linked to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD), not all people with DS develop dementia. Whether Aβ plaques and NFTs are associated with individuals with DS with (DSD +) and without dementia (DSD -) is under-investigated. Here, we applied quantitative immunocytochemistry and fluorescent procedures to characterize NFT pathology using antibodies specific for tau phosphorylation (pS422, AT8), truncation (TauC3, MN423), and conformational (Alz50, MC1) epitopes, as well as Aβ and its precursor protein (APP) to frontal cortex (FC) and striatal tissue from DSD + to DSD - cases. Expression profiling of single pS422 labeled FC layer V and VI neurons was also determined using laser capture microdissection and custom-designed microarray analysis. Analysis revealed that cortical and striatal Aβ plaque burdens were similar in DSD + and DSD - cases. In both groups, most FC plaques were neuritic, while striatal plaques were diffuse. By contrast, FC AT8-positive NFTs and neuropil thread densities were significantly greater in DSD + compared to DSD -, while striatal NFT densities were similar between groups. FC pS422-positive and TauC3 NFT densities were significantly greater than Alz50-labeled NFTs in DSD + , but not DSD - cases. Putaminal, but not caudate pS422-positive NFT density, was significantly greater than TauC3-positive NFTs. In the FC, AT8 + pS422 + Alz50, TauC3 + pS422 + Alz50, pS422 + Alz50, and TauC3 + pS422 positive NFTs were more frequent in DSD + compared to DSD- cases. Single gene-array profiling of FC pS422 positive neurons revealed downregulation of 63 of a total of 864 transcripts related to Aβ/tau biology, glutamatergic, cholinergic, and monoaminergic metabolism, intracellular signaling, cell homeostasis, and cell death in DSD + compared DSD - cases. These observations suggest that abnormal tau aggregation plays a critical role in the development of dementia in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas St, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jennifer C Miguel
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas St, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Bin He
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas St, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Eric E Abrahamson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ira Lott
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Eric Doran
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, The NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas St, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
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56
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Parhizkar S, Arzberger T, Brendel M, Kleinberger G, Deussing M, Focke C, Nuscher B, Xiong M, Ghasemigharagoz A, Katzmarski N, Krasemann S, Lichtenthaler SF, Müller SA, Colombo A, Monasor LS, Tahirovic S, Herms J, Willem M, Pettkus N, Butovsky O, Bartenstein P, Edbauer D, Rominger A, Ertürk A, Grathwohl SA, Neher JJ, Holtzman DM, Meyer-Luehmann M, Haass C. Loss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:191-204. [PMID: 30617257 PMCID: PMC6417433 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coding variants in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We demonstrate that amyloid plaque seeding is increased in the absence of functional Trem2. Increased seeding is accompanied by decreased microglial clustering around newly seeded plaques and reduced plaque-associated apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Reduced ApoE deposition in plaques is also observed in brains of AD patients carrying TREM2 coding variants. Proteomic analyses and microglia depletion experiments revealed microglia as one origin of plaque-associated ApoE. Longitudinal amyloid small animal positron emission tomography demonstrates accelerated amyloidogenesis in Trem2 loss-of-function mutants at early stages, which progressed at a lower rate with aging. These findings suggest that in the absence of functional Trem2, early amyloidogenesis is accelerated due to reduced phagocytic clearance of amyloid seeds despite reduced plaque-associated ApoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Parhizkar
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Deussing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Nuscher
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Monica Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alireza Ghasemigharagoz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie Katzmarski
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessio Colombo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Pettkus
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women´s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan A Grathwohl
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melanie Meyer-Luehmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Haass
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Zhang J, Konsmo A, Sandberg A, Wu X, Nyström S, Obermüller U, Wegenast-Braun BM, Konradsson P, Lindgren M, Hammarström P. Phenolic Bis-styrylbenzo[c]-1,2,5-thiadiazoles as Probes for Fluorescence Microscopy Mapping of Aβ Plaque Heterogeneity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2038-2048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Audun Konsmo
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander Sandberg
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xiongyu Wu
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Obermüller
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZNE−German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bettina M. Wegenast-Braun
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZNE−German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Konradsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Hammarström
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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58
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Cohen AD, Landau SM, Snitz BE, Klunk WE, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Fluid and PET biomarkers for amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 97:3-17. [PMID: 30537535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid plaques and tau pathology (neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads). Amyloid plaques are primarily composed of aggregated and oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides ending at position 42 (Aβ42). The development of fluid and PET biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), has allowed for detection of Aβ pathology in vivo and marks a major advancement in understanding the role of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the recent National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) Research Framework, AD is defined by the underlying pathology as measured in patients during life by biomarkers (Jack et al., 2018), while clinical symptoms are used for staging of the disease. Therefore, sensitive, specific and robust biomarkers to identify brain amyloidosis are central in AD research. Here, we discuss fluid and PET biomarkers for Aβ and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann D Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Susan M Landau
- Neurology Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Functional Imaging Department, Life Sciences Division, United States of America
| | - Beth E Snitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Molndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, University College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Molndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, University College, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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59
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Zhang J, Wang J, Sandberg A, Wu X, Nyström S, LeVine H, Konradsson P, Hammarström P, Durbeej B, Lindgren M. Intramolecular Proton and Charge Transfer of Pyrene-based trans-Stilbene Salicylic Acids Applied to Detection of Aggregated Proteins. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3001-3009. [PMID: 30183138 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two analogues to the fluorescent amyloid probe 2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carboxy-styryl)benzene (X-34) were synthesized based on the trans-stilbene pyrene scaffold (Py1SA and Py2SA). The compounds show strikingly different emission spectra when bound to preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils. This remarkable emission difference is retained when bound to amyloid fibrils of four distinct proteins, suggesting a common binding configuration for each molecule. Density functional theory calculations show that Py1SA is twisted, while Py2SA is more planar. Still, an analysis of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of the two compounds indicates that the degree of electronic coupling between the pyrene and salicylic acid (SA) moieties is larger in Py1SA than in Py2SA. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled-charge transfer (ICT) was observed for the anionic form in polar solvents. We conclude that ICT properties of trans-stilbene derivatives can be utilized for amyloid probe design with large changes in emission spectra and decay times from analogous chemical structures depending on the detailed physical nature of the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alexander Sandberg
- Division of Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xiongyu Wu
- Division of Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Division of Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Harry LeVine
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, KY 40536-0230, Lexington, USA
| | - Peter Konradsson
- Division of Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- Division of Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Division of Chemistry Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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60
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Goodman JR, Adham ZO, Woltjer RL, Lund AW, Iliff JJ. Characterization of dural sinus-associated lymphatic vasculature in human Alzheimer's dementia subjects. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:34-40. [PMID: 30055243 PMCID: PMC6149215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports describing lymphatic vasculature in the meninges have challenged the traditional understanding of interstitial solute clearance from the central nervous system, although the significance of this finding in human neurological disease remains unclear. To begin to define the role of meningeal lymphatic function in the clearance of interstitial amyloid beta (Aβ), and the contribution that its failure may make to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we examined meningeal tissue from a case series including AD and control subjects by confocal microscopy. Our findings confirm the presence of lymphatic vasculature in the human meninges and indicate that, unlike perivascular efflux pathways in the brain parenchyma in subjects with AD, Aβ is not deposited in or around meningeal lymphatic vessels associated with dural sinuses. Our findings demonstrate that while the meningeal lymphatic vasculature may serve as an efflux route for Aβ from the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, Aβ does not deposit in the walls of meningeal lymphatic vessels in the setting of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Goodman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zachariah O. Adham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Randall L. Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amanda W. Lund
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Iliff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Research Institute; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Corresponding Author: Jeffrey J. Iliff, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code L459 Portland, OR 97239 USA, , Phone: (503) 494-4047
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61
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Arja K, Elgland M, Nilsson KPR. Synthesis and Characterization of Oligothiophene-Porphyrin-Based Molecules That Can Be Utilized for Optical Assignment of Aggregated Amyloid-β Morphotypes. Front Chem 2018; 6:391. [PMID: 30234103 PMCID: PMC6129614 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular tools for fluorescent imaging of protein aggregates are essential for understanding the significance of these pathological hallmarks in proteopathic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of oligothiophene porphyrin hybrids, OTPHs, and the evaluation of these dyes for fluorescent imaging of beta-amyloid aggregates in tissue sections from a transgenic mouse model with Alzheimer's disease pathology. The OTPHs proved to be successful for spectral and lifetime imaging assessment of protein deposits and our findings confirm that the enhanced spectral range and distinct lifetime diversity of these novel tools allow a more precise assessment of heterogeneous amyloid morphology compared with the corresponding oligothiophene dye. In addition, the chemical identity of the porphyrin moiety, as well as the spacing between the two optical active moieties, influenced the OTPHs performance for fluorescent assignment of the protein deposits. We foresee that our findings will aid in the chemical design of dyes that can be utilized as optical tools for studying the polymorphic nature of protein aggregates associated with proteopathic neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriann Arja
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mathias Elgland
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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62
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Martini-Stoica H, Cole AL, Swartzlander DB, Chen F, Wan YW, Bajaj L, Bader DA, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Liu Z, Sardiello M, Zheng H. TFEB enhances astroglial uptake of extracellular tau species and reduces tau spreading. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2355-2377. [PMID: 30108137 PMCID: PMC6122971 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20172158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Martini-Stoica et al. demonstrate that the TFEB-mediated lysosomal pathway in astrocytes is increased in tauopathy and plays a functional role in modulating extracellular tau and the propagation of neuronal tau pathology in a mouse model of tau spreading. The progression of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease follows a stereotyped pattern, and recent evidence suggests a role of synaptic connections in this process. Astrocytes are well positioned at the neuronal synapse to capture and degrade extracellular tau as it transits the synapse and hence could potentially have the ability to inhibit tau spreading and delay disease progression. Our study shows increased expression and activity of Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, in response to tau pathology in both human brains with dementia and transgenic mouse models. Exogenous TFEB expression in primary astrocytes enhances tau fibril uptake and lysosomal activity, while TFEB knockout has the reverse effect. In vivo, induced TFEB expression in astrocytes reduces pathology in the hippocampus of PS19 tauopathy mice, as well as prominently attenuates tau spreading from the ipsilateral to the contralateral hippocampus in a mouse model of tau spreading. Our study suggests that astrocytic TFEB plays a functional role in modulating extracellular tau and the propagation of neuronal tau pathology in tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Martini-Stoica
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Interdepartmental Program of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Allysa L Cole
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Fading Chen
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ying-Wooi Wan
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Lakshya Bajaj
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David A Bader
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX .,Interdepartmental Program of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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63
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Zhang J, Sandberg A, Konsmo A, Wu X, Nyström S, Nilsson KPR, Konradsson P, LeVine H, Lindgren M, Hammarström P. Detection and Imaging of Aβ1-42 and Tau Fibrils by Redesigned Fluorescent X-34 Analogues. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Alexander Sandberg
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Audun Konsmo
- Department of Physics; The Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Xiongyu Wu
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Harry LeVine
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging; University of Kentucky; Lexington KY 40536-0230 USA
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
- Department of Physics; The Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - Per Hammarström
- Division of chemistry; Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology; Linköping University; 581 83 Linköping Sweden
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64
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Ulrich JD, Ulland TK, Mahan TE, Nyström S, Nilsson KP, Song WM, Zhou Y, Reinartz M, Choi S, Jiang H, Stewart FR, Anderson E, Wang Y, Colonna M, Holtzman DM. ApoE facilitates the microglial response to amyloid plaque pathology. J Exp Med 2018; 215:1047-1058. [PMID: 29483128 PMCID: PMC5881464 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that apoE influences the innate immune response in neurodegeneration. Here, Ulrich et al. report that apoE influences amyloid plaque morphology and the microglial response to amyloid plaques, along with plaque-associated neuronal toxicity. One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease is the presence of extracellular diffuse and fibrillar plaques predominantly consisting of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) influences the deposition of amyloid pathology through affecting the clearance and aggregation of monomeric Aβ in the brain. In addition to influencing Aβ metabolism, increasing evidence suggests that apoE influences microglial function in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we characterize the impact that apoE has on amyloid pathology and the innate immune response in APPPS1ΔE9 and APPPS1-21 transgenic mice. We report that Apoe deficiency reduced fibrillar plaque deposition, consistent with previous studies. However, fibrillar plaques in Apoe-deficient mice exhibited a striking reduction in plaque compaction. Hyperspectral fluorescent imaging using luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes identified distinct Aβ morphotypes in Apoe-deficient mice. We also observed a significant reduction in fibrillar plaque–associated microgliosis and activated microglial gene expression in Apoe-deficient mice, along with significant increases in dystrophic neurites around fibrillar plaques. Our results suggest that apoE is critical in stimulating the innate immune response to amyloid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Ulrich
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thomas E Mahan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sofie Nyström
- Department of Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K Peter Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wilbur M Song
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mariska Reinartz
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Seulah Choi
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Floy R Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elise Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yaming Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO .,Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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65
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Verwilst P, Kim HS, Kim S, Kang C, Kim JS. Shedding light on tau protein aggregation: the progress in developing highly selective fluorophores. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2249-2265. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00706j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of highly selective fluorophores for tau protein aggregates, a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soobin Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Chulhun Kang
- The School of East-West Medical Science
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin 17104
- Korea
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66
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Age-Dependent Effects of apoE Reduction Using Antisense Oligonucleotides in a Model of β-amyloidosis. Neuron 2017; 96:1013-1023.e4. [PMID: 29216448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease. Previous studies suggest that reduction of apoE levels through genetic manipulation can reduce Aβ pathology. However, it is not clear how reduction of apoE levels after birth would affect amyloid deposition. We utilize an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to reduce apoE expression in the brains of APP/PS1-21 mice homozygous for the APOE-ε4 or APOE-ε3 allele. ASO treatment starting after birth led to a significant decrease in Aβ pathology when assessed at 4 months. Interestingly, ASO treatment starting at the onset of amyloid deposition led to an increase in Aβ plaque size and a reduction in plaque-associated neuritic dystrophy with no change in overall plaque load. These results suggest that lowering apoE levels prior to plaque deposition can strongly affect the initiation of Aβ pathology while lowering apoE after Aβ seeding modulates plaque size and toxicity.
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67
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Shirani H, Appelqvist H, Bäck M, Klingstedt T, Cairns NJ, Nilsson KPR. Synthesis of Thiophene-Based Optical Ligands That Selectively Detect Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease. Chemistry 2017; 23:17127-17135. [PMID: 28926133 PMCID: PMC5928317 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates is associated with many devastating neurodegenerative diseases and the development of molecular ligands able to detect these pathological hallmarks is essential. Here, the synthesis of thiophene based optical ligands, denoted bi-thiophene-vinyl-benzothiazoles (bTVBTs) that can be utilized for selective assignment of tau aggregates in brain tissue with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is reported. The ability of the ligands to selectively distinguish tau deposits from the other AD associated pathological hallmark, senile plaques consisting of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, was reduced when the chemical composition of the ligands was altered, verifying that specific molecular interactions between the ligands and the aggregates are necessary for the selective detection of tau deposits. Our findings provide the structural and functional basis for the development of new fluorescent ligands that can distinguish between aggregated proteinaceous species consisting of different proteins. In addition, the bTVBT scaffold might be utilized to create powerful practical research tools for studying the underlying molecular events of tau aggregation and for creating novel agents for clinical imaging of tau pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Shirani
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Appelqvist
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bäck
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Therése Klingstedt
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nigel J. Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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68
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Lau A, Bourkas M, Lu YQQ, Ostrowski LA, Weber-Adrian D, Figueiredo C, Arshad H, Shoaei SZS, Morrone CD, Matan-Lithwick S, Abraham KJ, Wang H, Schmitt-Ulms G. Functional Amyloids and their Possible Influence on Alzheimer Disease. Discoveries (Craiova) 2017; 5:e79. [PMID: 32309597 PMCID: PMC7159844 DOI: 10.15190/d.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids play critical roles in human diseases but have increasingly been recognized to also exist naturally. Shared physicochemical characteristics of amyloids and of their smaller oligomeric building blocks offer the prospect of molecular interactions and crosstalk amongst these assemblies, including the propensity to mutually influence aggregation. A case in point might be the recent discovery of an interaction between the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and somatostatin (SST). Whereas Aβ is best known for its role in Alzheimer disease (AD) as the main constituent of amyloid plaques, SST is intermittently stored in amyloid-form in dense core granules before its regulated release into the synaptic cleft. This review was written to introduce to readers a large body of literature that surrounds these two peptides. After introducing general concepts and recent progress related to our understanding of amyloids and their aggregation, the review focuses separately on the biogenesis and interactions of Aβ and SST, before attempting to assess the likelihood of encounters of the two peptides in the brain, and summarizing key observations linking SST to the pathobiology of AD. While the review focuses on Aβ and SST, it is to be anticipated that crosstalk amongst functional and disease-associated amyloids will emerge as a general theme with much broader significance in the etiology of dementias and other amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Matthew Bourkas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Yang Qing Qin Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lauren Anne Ostrowski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Danielle Weber-Adrian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Carlyn Figueiredo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hamza Arshad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Shams Shoaei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher Daniel Morrone
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Stuart Matan-Lithwick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Karan Joshua Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 6th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, 6th Floor, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
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69
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Abstract
Newly developed tissue clearing techniques can be used to render intact tissues transparent. When combined with fluorescent labeling technologies and optical sectioning microscopy, this allows visualization of fine structure in three dimensions. Gene-transfection techniques have proved very useful in visualizing cellular structures in animal models, but they are not applicable to human brain tissue. Here, we discuss the characteristics of an ideal chemical fluorescent probe for use in brain and other cleared tissues, and offer a comprehensive overview of currently available chemical probes. We describe their working principles and compare their performance with the goal of simplifying probe selection for neuropathologists and stimulating probe development by chemists. We propose several approaches for the development of innovative chemical labeling methods which, when combined with tissue clearing, have the potential to revolutionize how we study the structure and function of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Ming Lai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Neuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Wai-Lung Ng
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Steve M Gentleman
- Neuropathology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Wutian Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Center of Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; Joint Laboratory of Jinan University and The University of Hong Kong, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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70
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Mathis CA, Lopresti BJ, Ikonomovic MD, Klunk WE. Small-molecule PET Tracers for Imaging Proteinopathies. Semin Nucl Med 2017; 47:553-575. [PMID: 28826526 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we provide a review of the challenges and advances in developing successful PET imaging agents for 3 major types of aggregated amyloid proteins: amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau, and alpha-synuclein (α-syn). These 3 amyloids are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, referred to as proteinopathies or proteopathies, that include Alzheimer disease, Lewy body dementias, multiple system atrophy, and frontotemporal dementias, among others. In the Introduction section, we briefly discuss the history of amyloid in neurodegenerative diseases and describe why progress in developing effective imaging agents has been hampered by the failure of crystallography to provide definitive ligand-protein interactions for rational radioligand design efforts. Instead, the field has relied on largely serendipitous, trial-and-error methods to achieve useful and specific PET amyloid imaging tracers for Aβ, tau, and α-syn deposits. Because many of the proteopathies involve more than 1 amyloid protein, it is important to develop selective PET tracers for the different amyloids to help assess the relative contribution of each to total amyloid burden. We use Pittsburgh compound B to illustrate some of the critical steps in developing a potent and selective Aβ PET imaging agent. Other selective Aβ and tau PET imaging compounds have followed similar pathways in their developmental processes. Success for selective α-syn PET imaging agents has not been realized yet, but work is ongoing in multiple laboratories throughout the world. In the tau sections, we provide background regarding 3-repeat (3R) and 4-repeat (4R) tau proteins and how they can affect the binding of tau radioligands in different tauopathies. We review the ongoing efforts to assess the properties of tau ligands, which are useful in 3R, 4R, or combined 3R-4R tauopathies. Finally, we describe in the α-syn sections recent attempts to develop selective tracers to image α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Brian J Lopresti
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William E Klunk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Olzscha H, Fedorov O, Kessler BM, Knapp S, La Thangue NB. CBP/p300 Bromodomains Regulate Amyloid-like Protein Aggregation upon Aberrant Lysine Acetylation. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:9-23. [PMID: 27989401 PMCID: PMC5266481 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is becoming increasingly recognized as a general biological principle in cellular homeostasis, and is subject to abnormal control in different human pathologies. Here, we describe a global effect on amyloid-like protein aggregation in human cells that results from aberrant lysine acetylation. Bromodomain reader proteins are involved in the aggregation process and, using chemical biology and gene silencing, we establish that p300/CBP bromodomains are necessary for aggregation to occur. Moreover, protein aggregation disturbs proteostasis by impairing the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and protein translation, resulting in decreased cell viability. p300/CBP bromodomain inhibitors impede aggregation, which coincides with enhanced UPS function and increased cell viability. Aggregation of a pathologically relevant form of huntingtin protein is similarly affected by p300/CBP inhibition. Our results have implications for understanding the molecular basis of protein aggregation, and highlight the possibility of treating amyloid-like pathologies and related protein folding diseases with bromodomain inhibitor-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Olzscha
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicholas B La Thangue
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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72
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Proteins behaving badly. Substoichiometric molecular control and amplification of the initiation and nature of amyloid fibril formation: lessons from and for blood clotting. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 123:16-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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73
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Nabuurs RJ, Kapoerchan VV, Metaxas A, Hafith S, de Backer M, Welling MM, Jiskoot W, van den Nieuwendijk AM, Windhorst AD, Overkleeft HS, van Buchem MA, Overhand M, van der Weerd L. Bis-pyridylethenyl benzene as novel backbone for amyloid-β binding compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6139-6148. [PMID: 27838168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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74
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Bäck M, Appelqvist H, LeVine H, Nilsson KPR. Anionic Oligothiophenes Compete for Binding of X-34 but not PIB to Recombinant Aβ Amyloid Fibrils and Alzheimer's Disease Brain-Derived Aβ. Chemistry 2016; 22:18335-18338. [PMID: 27767229 PMCID: PMC5215536 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Deposits comprised of amyloid‐β (Aβ) are one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and small hydrophobic ligands targeting these aggregated species are used clinically for the diagnosis of AD. Herein, we observed that anionic oligothiophenes efficiently displaced X‐34, a Congo Red analogue, but not Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) from recombinant Aβ amyloid fibrils and Alzheimer's disease brain‐derived Aβ. Overall, we foresee that the oligothiophene scaffold offers the possibility to develop novel high‐affinity ligands for Aβ pathology only found in human AD brain, targeting a different site than PIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bäck
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Appelqvist
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Harry LeVine
- Department Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0230, USA
| | - K Peter R Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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75
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Campos RI, Wu X, Elgland M, Konradsson P, Hammarström P. Novel trans-Stilbene-based Fluorophores as Probes for Spectral Discrimination of Native and Protofibrillar Transthyretin. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:924-40. [PMID: 27144293 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) as amyloid fibrils causes various human disorders. Native transthyretin is a neurotrophic protein and is a putative extracellular molecular chaperone. Several fluorophores have been shown in vitro to bind selectively to native TTR. Other compounds, such as thioflavin T, bind TTR amyloid fibrils. The probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) binds to both native and fibrillar TTR, becoming highly fluorescent, but with indistinguishable emission spectra for native and fibrillar TTR. Herein we report our efforts to develop a fluorescent small molecule capable of binding both native and misfolded protofibrillar TTR, providing distinguishable emission spectra. We used microwave synthesis for efficient production of a small library of trans-stilbenes and fluorescence spectral screening of their binding properties. We synthesized and tested 22 trans-stilbenes displaying a variety of functional groups. We successfully developed two naphthyl-based trans-stilbenes probes that detect both TTR states at physiological concentrations. The compounds bound with nanomolar to micromolar affinities and displayed distinct emission maxima upon binding native or misfolded protofibrillar TTR (>100 nm difference). The probes were mainly responsive to environment polarity providing evidence for the divergent hydrophobic structure of the binding sites of these protein conformational states. Furthermore, we were able to successfully use one of these probes to quantify the relative amounts of native and protofibrillar TTR in a dynamic equilibrium. In conclusion, we identified two trans-stilbene-based fluorescent probes, (E)-4-(2-(naphthalen-1-yl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol (11) and (E)-4-(2-(naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)benzene-1,2-diol (14), that bind native and protofibrillar TTR, providing a wide difference in emission maxima allowing conformational discrimination by fluorescence spectroscopy. We expect these novel molecules to serve as important chemical biology research tools in studies of TTR folding and misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl I Campos
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Xiongyu Wu
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Mathias Elgland
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Peter Konradsson
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Per Hammarström
- IFM−Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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76
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Neuronal activity enhances tau propagation and tau pathology in vivo. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1085-92. [PMID: 27322420 PMCID: PMC4961585 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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77
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Al-Thabaiti SA, Aazam ES, Khan Z, Bashir O. Aggregation of Congo red with surfactants and Ag-nanoparticles in an aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 156:28-35. [PMID: 26641283 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Self aggregation, sorption, and interaction of Congo red, with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), Ag(+) ions and silver nanoparticles have been determined spectrophotometrically. Congo red self-aggregation was identified from UV-visible spectra due to the shrinkage in an absorption band at 495 nm. The shape of the absorbance spectrum changed entirely with increasing [Congo red] but wavelength maxima remain unchanged. The molar absorptivity was found to be 9804 mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1) at 495 nm. Absorption spectra of Congo red with Ag(+) ions show an isosbestic point. The complex formation constant and difference in absorption coefficients were found to be 8.5 × 10(4) mol(-1) dm(3) and 11,764 mol(-1) dm(3) cm(-1), respectively. Silver nano-particles could not be used for the catalytic degradation of Congo red because it results in the formation of a strong complex with them. Sodium dodecylsulfate did not show any significant interaction with this dye. Congo red was also used as a probe to determine the critical micellar concentration of CTAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Shafik Aazam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheer Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ommer Bashir
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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78
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Chen W, He P, Wang Q. Synthesis and characterization of a multimode stationary phase: Congo red derivatized silica in nano-flow HPLC. Analyst 2016; 141:1083-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Congo red derivatized silica has been developed as a mixed mode stationary phase and used for nano-flow HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Wujuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Pingang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- P.R. China
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79
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Mufson EJ, Perez SE, Nadeem M, Mahady L, Kanaan NM, Abrahamson EE, Ikonomovic MD, Crawford F, Alvarez V, Stein T, McKee AC. Progression of tau pathology within cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A chronic effects of neurotrauma consortium study. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1399-1413. [PMID: 27834536 PMCID: PMC5348250 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1219058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM), a cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) cortical projection system, develops neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) during the progressive pathological stages of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in the brain of athletes. METHOD To characterize NFT pathology, tau-antibodies marking early, intermediate and late stages of NFT development in CBF tissue obtained at autopsy from eighteen former athletes and veterans with a history of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) were used. RESULTS Analysis revealed that cholinergic nbM neurons develop intracellular tau-immunoreactive changes progressively across the pathological stages of CTE. In particular, there was an increase in pre-tangle (phosphorylated pS422) and oligomeric (TOC1 and TNT1) forms of tau in stage IV compared to stage II CTE cases. The nbM neurons also displayed pathologic TDP-43 inclusions and diffuse extracellular and vascular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in CTE. A higher percentage of pS422/p75NTR, pS422 and TNT1 labelled neurons were significantly correlated with age at symptom onset, interval between symptom onset and death and age at death. CONCLUSION The development of NFTs within the cholinergic nbM neurons could contribute to an axonal disconnection in CTE. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism driving NFT formation in the nbM neurons and its relation to chronic cognitive dysfunction in CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvia E. Perez
- Dept. Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Dept. Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Laura Mahady
- Dept. Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Nicholas M. Kanaan
- Dept. Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Eric E. Abrahamson
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Milos D. Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Victor Alvarez
- VA Boston HealthCare System; Alzheimer Disease Center and CTE Program and Depts. Neurology and Pathology, Boston Univ. Sch. Med., Boston, MA
| | - Thor Stein
- VA Boston HealthCare System; Alzheimer Disease Center and CTE Program and Depts. Neurology and Pathology, Boston Univ. Sch. Med., Boston, MA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- VA Boston HealthCare System; Alzheimer Disease Center and CTE Program and Depts. Neurology and Pathology, Boston Univ. Sch. Med., Boston, MA
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80
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Chen YL, Wang LM, Chen Y, Gao JY, Marshall C, Cai ZY, Hu G, Xiao M. Changes in astrocyte functional markers and β-amyloid metabolism-related proteins in the early stages of hypercholesterolemia. Neuroscience 2015; 316:178-91. [PMID: 26724580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential substance for maintaining normal structure and function of the brain. But unfortunately, a long-term high-cholesterol diet can lead to a variety of pathological changes of the brain such as β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, reactive gliosis, neuroinflammation, neuronal death and synaptic degeneration. These pathological changes have complex internal relations with one other, causing memory impairment and participating in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, early hypercholesterolemia-induced events that lead to brain deterioration are not clear. To address this, 6-month-old female mice were fed a 3% cholesterol diet for 8weeks, followed by behavioral, biochemical and neuropathological analyses. The high-cholesterol-fed mice did not show neuronal and synaptic impairment or cognitive deficits compared with mice given a normal diet, but astrocytes were mildly activated with increased expression of functional markers including apolipoprotein E and aquaporin 4 in the hippocampus. Hippocampal interleukin-1β expression slightly increased, but interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α did not change significantly compared with those in the control group. Levels of Aβ, and its precursor protein, were unaffected, but levels of presenilin 1 and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), that initiate Aβ generation and degradation, respectively, increased in the hippocampus of the model mice. In addition, Tau phosphorylation levels were not different between the control and model groups. These results suggest that changes in astrocyte functional markers and Aβ metabolism proteins, which contribute to maintaining brain cholesterol and Aβ homeostasis, are early events in the process of hypercholesterolemia-related neuropathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - L M Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Y Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - J Y Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - C Marshall
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, USA
| | - Z Y Cai
- Department of Neurology, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, No 39 Chaoyang Middle Road, Shiyan, Hubei Province 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - G Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - M Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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81
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Fluorescent Styryl Dyes from 4-Chloro-2-(Diphenylamino)-1, 3-Thiazole-5-Carbaldehyde—Synthesis, Optical Properties and TDDFT Computations. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1787-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Luna Eunice S, Meenarathi B, Palanikumar S, Anbarasan R. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic and fluorescent styrene co-polymer nanofiber. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugirtharaj Luna Eunice
- Department of Chemistry; Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology; Virudhunagar 626 001 Tamilnadu India
| | - Balakrishnan Meenarathi
- Department of Polymer Technology; Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology; Virudhunagar 626 001 Tamilnadu India
| | - Shanmugavel Palanikumar
- Department of Polymer Technology; Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology; Virudhunagar 626 001 Tamilnadu India
| | - Ramasamy Anbarasan
- Department of Polymer Technology; Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology; Virudhunagar 626 001 Tamilnadu India
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83
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Mizukami K, Akatsu H, Abrahamson EE, Mi Z, Ikonomovic MD. Immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampal butyrylcholinesterase: Implications for regional vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathology 2015; 36:135-45. [PMID: 26293308 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies of acetylcholine degrading enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have suggested their potential role in the development of fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques (amyloid plaques). A recent genome-wide association study analysis identified a novel association between genetic variations in the BCHE locus and amyloid burden. We studied BChE immunoreactivity in hippocampal tissue sections from AD and control cases, and examined its relationship with amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), dystrophic neurites (DN) and neuropil threads (NT). Compared to controls, AD cases had greater BChE immunoreactivity in hippocampal neurons and neuropils in CA2/3, but not in the CA1, CA4 and dentate gyrus. The majority of amyloid plaques (> 80%, using a pan-amyloid marker X-34) contained discrete neuritic clusters which were dual-labeled with antibodies against BChE and phosphorylated tau (clone AT8). There was no association between overall regional BChE immunoreaction intensity and amyloid plaque burden. In contrast to previous reports, BChE was localized in only a fraction (~10%) of classic NFT (positive for X-34). A similar proportion of BChE-immunoreactive pyramidal cells were AT8 immunoreactive. Greater NFT and DN loads were associated with greater BChE immunoreaction intensity in CA2/3, but not in CA1, CA4 and dentate gyrus. Our results demonstrate that in AD hippocampus, BChE accumulates in neurons and plaque-associated neuritic clusters, but only in a small proportion of NFT. The association between greater neurofibrillary pathology burden and markedly increased BChE immunoreactivity, observed selectively in CA2/3 region, could reflect a novel compensatory mechanism. Since CA2/3 is generally considered more resistant to AD pathology, BChE upregulation could impact the cholinergic modulation of glutamate neurotransmission to prevent/reduce neuronal excitotoxicity in AD hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Mizukami
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-based Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Eric E Abrahamson
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Zhiping Mi
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Milos D Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, USA
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84
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Chu W, Zhou D, Gaba V, Liu J, Li S, Peng X, Xu J, Dhavale D, Bagchi DP, d'Avignon A, Shakerdge NB, Bacskai BJ, Tu Z, Kotzbauer PT, Mach RH. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of 3-(Benzylidene)indolin-2-one Derivatives as Ligands for α-Synuclein Fibrils. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6002-17. [PMID: 26177091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-(benzylidine)indolin-2-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro binding to alpha synuclein (α-syn), beta amyloid (Aβ), and tau fibrils. Compounds with a single double bond in the 3-position had only a modest affinity for α-syn and no selectivity for α-syn versus Aβ or tau fibrils. Homologation to the corresponding diene analogues yielded a mixture of Z,E and E,E isomers; substitution of the indoline nitrogen with an N-benzyl group resulted in increased binding to α-syn and reasonable selectivity for α-syn versus Aβ and tau. Introduction of a para-nitro group into the benzene ring of the diene enabled separation of the Z,E and E,E isomers and led to the identification of the Z,E configuration as the more active regioisomer. The data described here provide key structural information in the design of probes which bind preferentially to α-syn versus Aβ or tau fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Chu
- †Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Dong Zhou
- †Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Vrinda Gaba
- ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jialu Liu
- ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Shihong Li
- †Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Xin Peng
- †Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jinbin Xu
- †Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Dhruva Dhavale
- ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - André d'Avignon
- §Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Naomi B Shakerdge
- ∥MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- ∥MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- †Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Paul T Kotzbauer
- ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- †Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,∥MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Sola I, Viayna E, Gómez T, Galdeano C, Cassina M, Camps P, Romeo M, Diomede L, Salmona M, Franco P, Schaeffer M, Colantuono D, Robin D, Brunner D, Taub N, Hutter-Paier B, Muñoz-Torrero D. Multigram synthesis and in vivo efficacy studies of a novel multitarget anti-Alzheimer's compound. Molecules 2015; 20:4492-515. [PMID: 25764491 PMCID: PMC6272704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the multigram synthesis and in vivo efficacy studies of a donepezil‒huprine hybrid that has been found to display a promising in vitro multitarget profile of interest for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its synthesis features as the key step a novel multigram preparative chromatographic resolution of intermediate racemic huprine Y by chiral HPLC. Administration of this compound to transgenic CL4176 and CL2006 Caenorhabditis elegans strains expressing human Aβ42, here used as simplified animal models of AD, led to a significant protection from the toxicity induced by Aβ42. However, this protective effect was not accompanied, in CL2006 worms, by a reduction of amyloid deposits. Oral administration for 3 months to transgenic APPSL mice, a well-established animal model of AD, improved short-term memory, but did not alter brain levels of Aβ peptides nor cortical and hippocampal amyloid plaque load. Despite the clear protective and cognitive effects of AVCRI104P4, the lack of Aβ lowering effect in vivo might be related to its lower in vitro potency toward Aβ aggregation and formation as compared with its higher anticholinesterase activities. Further lead optimization in this series should thus focus on improving the anti-amyloid/anticholinesterase activity ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sola
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Viayna
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Tània Gómez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Carles Galdeano
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Pelayo Camps
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Margherita Romeo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, Milan 20156, Italy.
| | - Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, Milan 20156, Italy.
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via La Masa 19, Milan 20156, Italy.
| | - Pilar Franco
- Chiral Technologies Europe, Parc d'Innovation, Bd. Gonthier d'Andernach, Illkirch F-67400, France.
| | - Mireille Schaeffer
- Chiral Technologies Europe, Parc d'Innovation, Bd. Gonthier d'Andernach, Illkirch F-67400, France.
| | - Diego Colantuono
- Chiral Technologies Europe, Parc d'Innovation, Bd. Gonthier d'Andernach, Illkirch F-67400, France.
| | - David Robin
- Chiral Technologies Europe, Parc d'Innovation, Bd. Gonthier d'Andernach, Illkirch F-67400, France.
| | - Daniela Brunner
- Neuropharmacology Department of QPS Austria-Gmbh, Parkring 12, Grambach 8074, Austria.
| | - Nicole Taub
- Neuropharmacology Department of QPS Austria-Gmbh, Parkring 12, Grambach 8074, Austria.
| | - Birgit Hutter-Paier
- Neuropharmacology Department of QPS Austria-Gmbh, Parkring 12, Grambach 8074, Austria.
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
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86
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TREM2 lipid sensing sustains the microglial response in an Alzheimer's disease model. Cell 2015; 160:1061-71. [PMID: 25728668 PMCID: PMC4477963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1131] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglia surface receptor that triggers intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Recent genome-wide association studies have shown that a rare R47H mutation of TREM2 correlates with a substantial increase in the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). To address the basis for this genetic association, we studied TREM2 deficiency in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. We found that TREM2 deficiency and haploinsufficiency augment β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation due to dysfunctional response of microglia, which become apoptotic and fail to cluster around Aβ plaques. We further demonstrate that TREM2 senses a broad array of anionic and zwitterionic lipids known to associate with fibrillar Aβ in lipid membranes and to be exposed on the surface of damaged neurons. Remarkably, the R47H mutation impairs TREM2 detection of lipid ligands. Thus, TREM2 detects damage-associated lipid patterns associated with neurodegeneration, sustaining microglia response to Aβ accumulation.
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87
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Osterberg VR, Spinelli KJ, Weston LJ, Luk KC, Woltjer RL, Unni VK. Progressive aggregation of alpha-synuclein and selective degeneration of lewy inclusion-bearing neurons in a mouse model of parkinsonism. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1252-60. [PMID: 25732816 PMCID: PMC4351119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregated alpha-synuclein inclusions are found where cell death occurs in several diseases, including Parkinson’s Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Multiple System Atrophy. However, the relationship between inclusion formation and an individual cell’s fate has been difficult to study with conventional techniques. We developed a system that allows for in vivo imaging of the same neurons over months. We show that intracerebral injection of preformed fibrils of recombinant alpha-synuclein can seed aggregation of transgenically-expressed and endogenous alpha-synuclein in neurons. Somatic inclusions undergo a stage-like maturation, with progressive compaction coinciding with decreased soluble somatic and nuclear alpha-synuclein. Mature inclusions bear the post-translational hallmarks of human Lewy pathology. Long-term imaging of inclusion-bearing neurons and neighboring neurons without inclusions demonstrates selective degeneration of inclusion-bearing cells. Our results indicate that inclusion formation is tightly correlated with cellular toxicity and that seeding may be a pathologically relevant mechanism of progressive neurodegeneration in many synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie R Osterberg
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kateri J Spinelli
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Leah J Weston
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Vivek K Unni
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Parkinson Center of Oregon, Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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88
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Matveev SV, Kwiatkowski S, Sviripa VM, Fazio RC, Watt DS, LeVine H. Tritium-labeled (E,E)-2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carboxystyryl)benzene as a probe for β-amyloid fibrils. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5534-6. [PMID: 25452000 PMCID: PMC4254541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of Aβ in the brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients reflects an imbalance between Aβ production and clearance from their brains. Alternative cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by processing proteases generates soluble APP fragments including the neurotoxic amyloid Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides that assemble into fibrils and form plaques. Plaque-buildup occurs over an extended time-frame, and the early detection and modulation of plaque formation are areas of active research. Radiolabeled probes for the detection of amyloid plaques and fibrils in living subjects are important for noninvasive evaluation of AD diagnosis, progression, and differentiation of AD from other neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline. Tritium-labeled (E,E)-1-[(3)H]-2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carbomethoxystyryl)benzene possesses an improved level of chemical stability relative to a previously reported radioiodinated analog for radiometric quantification of Aβ plaque and tau pathology in brain tissue and in vitro studies with synthetic Aβ and tau fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Matveev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, United States
| | - Stefan Kwiatkowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
| | - Robert C Fazio
- ViTrax Radiochemicals, 660 S. Jefferson Street, Unit E, Placentia, CA 92870, United States
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States; Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States.
| | - Harry LeVine
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0230, United States.
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89
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Satpati D, Korde A, Sarma HD, Banerjee S. Synthesis and evaluation of a phenylbenzothiazole-based 99mTc(CO)3-radiotracer for possible application in imaging of β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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90
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Tozzi A, Sclip A, Tantucci M, de Iure A, Ghiglieri V, Costa C, Di Filippo M, Borsello T, Calabresi P. Region- and age-dependent reductions of hippocampal long-term potentiation and NMDA to AMPA ratio in a genetic model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:123-33. [PMID: 25104560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the mechanisms underlying region- and age-dependent hippocampal synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, we used transgenic CRND8 mice, expressing the Swedish-Indiana APP mutation. In 2-month-old mice, no β-amyloid plaques deposition, but the presence of soluble oligomers, were found in CA1 area but not in dentate gyrus (DG). At this age, long-term potentiation (LTP) was reduced selectively in CA1. In 6-month-old mice, the presence of soluble oligomers was accompanied by accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and decreased LTP in CA1 and DG regions. In both regions, the loss of LTP was linked to reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) current ratio. The acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor, neostigmine rescued LTP in CA1 area at early stage of the disease but not after plaques deposition. Conversely, the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine restored LTP selectively in DG at later stages of the disease. Both these effects were associated with a normalization of the NMDA to AMPA ratio. The association between the recovery of LTP and the normalization of the NMDA to AMPA ratio provides information on new possible therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tozzi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sclip
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Tantucci
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio de Iure
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Università di Perugia, Department of Medicine, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy; Laboratory of Neurophysiology, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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91
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Ulrich JD, Finn MB, Wang Y, Shen A, Mahan TE, Jiang H, Stewart FR, Piccio L, Colonna M, Holtzman DM. Altered microglial response to Aβ plaques in APPPS1-21 mice heterozygous for TREM2. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:20. [PMID: 24893973 PMCID: PMC4049806 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies linked variants in TREM2 to a strong increase in the odds of developing Alzheimer's disease. The mechanism by which TREM2 influences the susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease is currently unknown. TREM2 is expressed by microglia and is thought to regulate phagocytic and inflammatory microglial responses to brain pathology. Given that a single allele of variant TREM2, likely resulting in a loss of function, conferred an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, we tested whether loss of one functional trem2 allele would affect Aβ plaque deposition or the microglial response to Aβ pathology in APPPS1-21 mice. RESULTS There was no significant difference in Aβ deposition in 3-month old or 7-month old APPPS1-21 mice expressing one or two copies of trem2. However, 3-month old mice with one copy of trem2 exhibited a marked decrease in the number and size of plaque-associated microglia. While there were no statistically significant differences in cytokine levels or markers of microglial activation in 3- or 7-month old animals, there were trends towards decreased expression of NOS2, C1qa, and IL1a in 3-month old TREM2+/- vs. TREM2+/+ mice. CONCLUSIONS Loss of a single copy of trem2 had no effect on Aβ pathology, but altered the morphological phenotype of plaque-associated microglia. These data suggest that TREM2 is important for the microglial response to Aβ deposition but that a 50% decrease inTREM2 expression does not affect Aβ plaque burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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92
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Zhou J, Fa H, Yin W, Zhang J, Hou C, Huo D, Zhang D, Zhang H. Synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with a DDNP-carboxyl derivative for in vitro magnetic resonance imaging of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:348-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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93
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Nabuurs RJA, Kapoerchan VV, Metaxas A, de Jongh S, de Backer M, Welling MM, Jiskoot W, Windhorst AD, Overkleeft HS, van Buchem MA, Overhand M, van der Weerd L. Polyfluorinated bis-styrylbenzenes as amyloid-β plaque binding ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2469-81. [PMID: 24657049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Detection of cerebral β-amyloid (Aβ) by targeted contrast agents remains of great interest to aid the in vivo diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Bis-styrylbenzenes have been previously reported as potential Aβ imaging agents. To further explore their potency as (19)F MRI contrast agents we synthetized several novel fluorinated bis-styrylbenzenes and studied their fluorescent properties and amyloid-β binding characteristics. The compounds showed a high affinity for Aβ plaques on murine and human brain sections. Interestingly, competitive binding experiments demonstrated that they bound to a different binding site than chrysamine G. Despite their high logP values, many bis-styrylbenzenes were able to enter the brain and label murine amyloid in vivo. Unfortunately initial post-mortem (19)F NMR studies showed that these compounds as yet do not warrant further MRI studies due to the reduction of the (19)F signal in the environment of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J A Nabuurs
- Department of Radiology CS2, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Varsha V Kapoerchan
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Sanne de Jongh
- Department of Radiology CS2, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Backer
- Department of Radiology CS2, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mick M Welling
- Department of Radiology CS2, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Netherlands
| | | | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Department of Radiology CS2, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mark Overhand
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology CS2, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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94
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Peptide detection of fungal functional amyloids in infected tissue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86067. [PMID: 24465872 PMCID: PMC3897640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fungal cell adhesion proteins form functional amyloid patches on the surface of adhering cells. The Candida albicansAgglutinin-like sequence (Als) adhesins are exemplars for this phenomenon, and have amyloid forming sequences that are conserved between family members. The Als5p amyloid sequence mediates amyloid fibril formation and is critical for cell adhesion and biofilm formation, and is also present in the related adhesins Als1p and Als3p. We have developed a fluorescent peptide probe containing the conserved Als amyloid-forming sequence. This peptide bound specifically to yeast expressing Als5p, but not to cells lacking the adhesin. The probe bound to both yeast and hyphal forms of C. albicans. Δals1/Δals3 single and double deletion strains exhibited reduced fluorescence, indicating that probe binding required expression of these proteins. Additionally, the Als peptide specifically stained fungal cells in abscesses in autopsy sections. Counterstaining with calcofluor white showed colocalization with the amyloid peptide. In addition, fungi in autopsy sections derived from the gastrointestinal tract showed colocalization of the amyloid-specific dye thioflavin T and the fluorescent peptide. Collectively, our data demonstrate that we can exploit amyloid sequence specificity for detection of functional amyloids in situ.
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95
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Perez SE, Raghanti MA, Hof PR, Kramer L, Ikonomovic MD, Lacor PN, Erwin JM, Sherwood CC, Mufson EJ. Alzheimer's disease pathology in the neocortex and hippocampus of the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). J Comp Neurol 2013; 521:4318-38. [PMID: 23881733 PMCID: PMC6317365 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The two major histopathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid beta protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Aβ pathology is a common feature in the aged nonhuman primate brain, whereas NFT are found almost exclusively in humans. Few studies have examined AD-related pathology in great apes, which are the closest phylogenetic relatives of humans. In the present study, we examined Aβ and tau-like lesions in the neocortex and hippocampus of aged male and female western lowland gorillas using immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. Analysis revealed an age-related increase in Aβ-immunoreactive plaques and vasculature in the gorilla brain. Aβ plaques were more abundant in the neocortex and hippocampus of females, whereas Aβ-positive blood vessels were more widespread in male gorillas. Plaques were also Aβ40-, Aβ42-, and Aβ oligomer-immunoreactive, but only weakly thioflavine S- or 6-CN-PiB-positive in both sexes, indicative of the less fibrillar (diffuse) nature of Aβ plaques in gorillas. Although phosphorylated neurofilament immunostaining revealed a few dystrophic neurites and neurons, choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive fibers were not dystrophic. Neurons stained for the tau marker Alz50 were found in the neocortex and hippocampus of gorillas at all ages. Occasional Alz50-, MC1-, and AT8-immunoreactive astrocyte and oligodendrocyte coiled bodies and neuritic clusters were seen in the neocortex and hippocampus of the oldest gorillas. This study demonstrates the spontaneous presence of both Aβ plaques and tau-like lesions in the neocortex and hippocampus in old male and female western lowland gorillas, placing this species at relevance in the context of AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Ann Raghanti
- Department of Anthropology and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
- Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Cleveland, Ohio 44109
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | | | - Milos D. Ikonomovic
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Pascale N. Lacor
- Neurobiology Department and Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Joseph M. Erwin
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Chet C. Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
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96
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Small-molecule theranostic probes: a promising future in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:150952. [PMID: 24324497 PMCID: PMC3845517 DOI: 10.1155/2013/150952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative illnesses, which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie, chronic wasting disease, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in animals. They are caused by unconventional infectious agents consisting primarily of misfolded, aggregated, β -sheet-rich isoforms, denoted prions, of the physiological cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Many lines of evidence suggest that prions (PrP(Sc)) act both as a template for this conversion and as a neurotoxic agent causing neuronal dysfunction and cell death. As such, PrP(Sc) may be considered as both a neuropathological hallmark of the disease and a therapeutic target. Several diagnostic imaging probes have been developed to monitor cerebral amyloid lesions in patients with neurodegenerative disorders (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion disease). Examples of these probes are Congo red, thioflavin T, and their derivatives. We synthesized a series of styryl derivatives, denoted theranostics, and studied their therapeutic and/or diagnostic potentials. Here we review the salient traits of these small molecules that are able to detect and modulate aggregated forms of several proteins involved in protein misfolding diseases. We then highlight the importance of further studies for their practical implications in therapy and diagnostics.
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Synthesis and optical properties of 4-(2-{[6-(1,1-dicyanoprop-1-en-2-yl)naphthalen-2-yl] (methyl)amino} ethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid fluorescent probe for β-amyloid. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Klingstedt T, Shirani H, Åslund KOA, Cairns NJ, Sigurdson CJ, Goedert M, Nilsson* KPR. The structural basis for optimal performance of oligothiophene-based fluorescent amyloid ligands: conformational flexibility is essential for spectral assignment of a diversity of protein aggregates. Chemistry 2013; 19:10179-92. [PMID: 23780508 PMCID: PMC3884759 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding diseases are characterized by deposition of protein aggregates, and optical ligands for molecular characterization of these disease-associated structures are important for understanding their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) have proven useful for optical identification of a broader subset of disease-associated protein aggregates than conventional ligands, such as thioflavin T and Congo red. Herein, the molecular requirements for achieving LCOs able to detect nonthioflavinophilic Aβ aggregates or non-congophilic prion aggregates, as well as spectrally discriminate Aβ and tau aggregates, were investigated. An anionic pentameric LCO was subjected to chemical engineering by: 1) replacing thiophene units with selenophene or phenylene moieties, or 2) alternating the anionic substituents along the thiophene backbone. In addition, two asymmetric tetrameric ligands were generated. Overall, the results from this study identified conformational freedom and extended conjugation of the conjugated backbone as crucial determinants for obtaining superior thiophene-based optical ligands for sensitive detection and spectral assignment of disease-associated protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therése Klingstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Hamid Shirani
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - K O Andreas Åslund
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer–s Disease Research Center, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri 63110 (USA)
| | - Christina J Sigurdson
- Department of Pathology, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0612 (USA)
| | - Michel Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyHills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH (UK)
| | - K Peter R Nilsson*
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University581 83 Linköping (Sweden) E-mail:
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Mizukami K, Abrahamson EE, Mi Z, Ishikawa M, Watanabe K, Kinoshita S, Asada T, Ikonomovic MD. Immunohistochemical analysis of ubiquilin-1 in the human hippocampus: association with neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Neuropathology 2013; 34:11-8. [PMID: 23869942 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This post mortem immunohistochemical study examined the localization and distribution of ubiquilin-1 (UBL), a shuttle protein which interacts with ubiquitin and the proteasome, in the hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia cases, and age-matched cases without dementia. In Braak stages 0-I-II cases, UBL immunoreactivity was detected in a dense fiber network in the neuropil, and in the cell cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of neurons in Cornu Ammonis (CA) fields and dentate gyrus granular neurons. In Braak stages III-IV and V-VI cases, UBL immunoreactivity was reduced in the neuropil and in the cytoplasm of the majority of CA1 neurons; some CA1 pyramidal neurons and the majority of CA2/3 pyramidal, CA4 multipolar, and dentate granular neurons had markedly increased UBL immunoreactivity in the nucleoplasm. Dual immunofluorescence analysis of UBL and antibody clone AT8 revealed co-localization most frequently in CA1 pyramidal neurons in Braak stage III-IV and V-VI cases. Further processing using the pan-amyloid marker X-34 revealed prominent UBL/X-34 dual labeling of extracellular NFT confined to the CA1/subiculum in Braak stage V-VI cases. Our results demonstrate that in AD hippocampus, early NFT changes are associated with neuronal up-regulation of UBL in nucleoplasm, or its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The perseverance of UBL changes in CA2/3, CA4 and dentate gyrus, generally considered as more resistant to NFT pathology, but not in the CA1, may mark a compensatory, potentially protective response to increased tau phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons; the failure of such a response may contribute to neuronal degeneration in end-stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Mizukami
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
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Use of a Benzimidazole Derivative BF-188 in Fluorescence Multispectral Imaging for Selective Visualization of Tau Protein Fibrils in the Alzheimer’s Disease Brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 16:19-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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