51
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Snow WM, Cadonic C, Cortes-Perez C, Roy Chowdhury SK, Djordjevic J, Thomson E, Bernstein MJ, Suh M, Fernyhough P, Albensi BC. Chronic dietary creatine enhances hippocampal-dependent spatial memory, bioenergetics, and levels of plasticity-related proteins associated with NF-κB. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:54-66. [PMID: 29339557 PMCID: PMC5772392 DOI: 10.1101/lm.046284.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The brain has a high demand for energy, of which creatine (Cr) is an important regulator. Studies document neurocognitive benefits of oral Cr in mammals, yet little is known regarding their physiological basis. This study investigated the effects of Cr supplementation (3%, w/w) on hippocampal function in male C57BL/6 mice, including spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze and oxygen consumption rates from isolated mitochondria in real time. Levels of transcription factors and related proteins (CREB, Egr1, and IκB to indicate NF-κB activity), proteins implicated in cognition (CaMKII, PSD-95, and Egr2), and mitochondrial proteins (electron transport chain Complex I, mitochondrial fission protein Drp1) were probed with Western blotting. Dietary Cr decreased escape latency/time to locate the platform (P < 0.05) and increased the time spent in the target quadrant (P < 0.01) in the Morris water maze. This was accompanied by increased coupled respiration (P < 0.05) in isolated hippocampal mitochondria. Protein levels of CaMKII, PSD-95, and Complex 1 were increased in Cr-fed mice, whereas IκB was decreased. These data demonstrate that dietary supplementation with Cr can improve learning, memory, and mitochondrial function and have important implications for the treatment of diseases affecting memory and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Chris Cadonic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Claudia Cortes-Perez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Subir K Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Ella Thomson
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Michael J Bernstein
- Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Abington, Abington, Pennsylvania 19001, USA
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T6, Canada
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52
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Mettang M, Reichel SN, Lattke M, Palmer A, Abaei A, Rasche V, Huber-Lang M, Baumann B, Wirth T. IKK2/NF-κB signaling protects neurons after traumatic brain injury. FASEB J 2018; 32:1916-1932. [PMID: 29187362 PMCID: PMC5893169 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700826r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death in young adults. After the initial injury, a poorly understood secondary phase, including a strong inflammatory response determines the final outcome of TBI. The inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB signaling system is the key regulator of inflammation and also critically involved in regulation of neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. We addressed the neuron-specific function of IKK2/NF-κB signaling pathway in TBI using an experimental model of closed-head injury (CHI) in combination with mouse models allowing conditional regulation of IKK/NF-κB signaling in excitatory forebrain neurons. We found that repression of IKK2/NF-κB signaling in neurons increases the acute posttraumatic mortality rate, worsens the neurological outcome, and promotes neuronal cell death by apoptosis, thus resulting in enhanced proinflammatory gene expression. As a potential mechanism, we identified elevated levels of the proapoptotic mediators Bax and Bad and enhanced expression of stress response genes. This phenotype is also observed when neuronal IKK/NF-κB activity is inhibited just before CHI. In contrast, neuron-specific activation of IKK/NF-κB signaling does not alter the TBI outcome. Thus, this study demonstrates that physiological neuronal IKK/NF-κB signaling is necessary and sufficient to protect neurons from trauma consequences.-Mettang, M., Reichel, S. N., Lattke, M., Palmer, A., Abaei, A., Rasche, V., Huber-Lang, M., Baumann, B., Wirth, T. IKK2/NF-κB signaling protects neurons after traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mettang
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lattke
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Neural Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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53
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Yue Y, Stone S, Lin W. Role of nuclear factor κB in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1507-1515. [PMID: 30127103 PMCID: PMC6126134 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays major roles in inflammatory diseases through regulation of inflammation and cell viability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that NF-κB is activated in multiple cell types in the CNS of MS patients, including T cells, microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Interestingly, data from animal model studies, particularly studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, have suggested that NF-κB activation in these individual cell types has distinct effects on the development of MS. In this review, we will cover the current literature on NF-κB and the evidence for its role in the development of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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54
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Pose-Utrilla J, García-Guerra L, Del Puerto A, Martín A, Jurado-Arjona J, De León-Reyes NS, Gamir-Morralla A, Sebastián-Serrano Á, García-Gallo M, Kremer L, Fielitz J, Ireson C, Pérez-Álvarez MJ, Ferrer I, Hernández F, Ávila J, Lasa M, Campanero MR, Iglesias T. Excitotoxic inactivation of constitutive oxidative stress detoxification pathway in neurons can be rescued by PKD1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2275. [PMID: 29273751 PMCID: PMC5741635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity, a critical process in neurodegeneration, induces oxidative stress and neuronal death through mechanisms largely unknown. Since oxidative stress activates protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in tumor cells, we investigated the effect of excitotoxicity on neuronal PKD1 activity. Unexpectedly, we find that excitotoxicity provokes an early inactivation of PKD1 through a dephosphorylation-dependent mechanism mediated by protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and dual specificity phosphatase-1 (DUSP1). This step turns off the IKK/NF-κB/SOD2 antioxidant pathway. Neuronal PKD1 inactivation by pharmacological inhibition or lentiviral silencing in vitro, or by genetic inactivation in neurons in vivo, strongly enhances excitotoxic neuronal death. In contrast, expression of an active dephosphorylation-resistant PKD1 mutant potentiates the IKK/NF-κB/SOD2 oxidative stress detoxification pathway and confers neuroprotection from in vitro and in vivo excitotoxicity. Our results indicate that PKD1 inactivation underlies excitotoxicity-induced neuronal death and suggest that PKD1 inactivation may be critical for the accumulation of oxidation-induced neuronal damage during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Excitotoxicity due to excessive glutamate release causes oxidative stress and neuronal death, and is a feature of many brain diseases. Here the authors show that protein kinase D1 is inactivated by excitotoxicity in a model of stroke and that its activation can be neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pose-Utrilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Del Puerto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abraham Martín
- Experimental Molecular Imaging (Molecular Imaging Unit), CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon, 182, 20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Jurado-Arjona
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Noelia S De León-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), C/ Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Gamir-Morralla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Gallo
- Protein Tools Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Protein Tools Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Darwin 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Max-Delbrück-Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, 13125, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg and Medical University Brandenburg (MHB), Bernau, 16321, Germany
| | - Christofer Ireson
- Cancer Research Technology, London, EC1V 4AD, UK.,Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Services, 14 Hanover Street, London, W1S 1YH, UK
| | - Mª José Pérez-Álvarez
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Unidad Docente Fisiología Animal), UAM, C/ Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Neuropatología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, C/ Feixa LLarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolas Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Lasa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel R Campanero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), C/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Valderrebollo, 5, 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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55
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Wu YL, Chang JC, Lin WY, Li CC, Hsieh M, Chen HW, Wang TS, Liu CS, Liu KL. Treatment with Caffeic Acid and Resveratrol Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced Neurotoxicity in Cell and Drosophila Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11641. [PMID: 28912527 PMCID: PMC5599504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat in the protein ataxin-3 which is involved in susceptibility to mild oxidative stress induced neuronal death. Here we show that caffeic acid (CA) and resveratrol (Res) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), mutant ataxin-3 and apoptosis and increased autophagy in the pro-oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH)-treated SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells containing mutant ataxin-3. Furthermore, CA and Res improved survival and locomotor activity and decreased mutant ataxin-3 and ROS levels in tBH-treated SCA3 Drosophila. CA and Res also altered p53 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and expression in tBH-treated cell and fly models of SCA3, respectively. Blockade of NF-κB activation annulled the protective effects of CA and Res on apoptosis, ROS, and p53 activation in tBH-treated SK-N-SH-MJD78 cells, which suggests the importance of restoring NF-κB activity by CA and Res. Our findings suggest that CA and Res may be useful in the management of oxidative stress induced neuronal apoptosis in SCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40203, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chih Chang
- Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40203, Taiwan.,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan
| | - Mingli Hsieh
- Department of Life Science and Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Shing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology and Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung, 40203, Taiwan. .,Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40203, Taiwan.
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56
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Liliom H, Tárnok K, Ábrahám Z, Rácz B, Hausser A, Schlett K. Protein kinase D exerts neuroprotective functions during oxidative stress via nuclear factor kappa B-independent signaling pathways. J Neurochem 2017; 142:948-961. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Liliom
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Krisztián Tárnok
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Zsófia Ábrahám
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Budapest Hungary
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology; University Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology; University of Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Katalin Schlett
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
- MTA-ELTE-NAP B - Neuronal Cell Biology Research Group; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
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57
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NF-κB Activation Protects Oligodendrocytes against Inflammation. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9332-9344. [PMID: 28842413 PMCID: PMC5607472 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1608-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a key player in inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE remain unknown. We generated a mouse model that expresses IκBαΔN, a super-suppressor of NF-κB, specifically in oligodendrocytes and demonstrated that IκBαΔN expression had no effect on oligodendrocytes under normal conditions (both sexes). Interestingly, we showed that oligodendrocyte-specific expression of IκBαΔN blocked NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes and resulted in exacerbated oligodendrocyte death and hypomyelination in young, developing mice that express IFN-γ ectopically in the CNS (both sexes). We also showed that NF-κB inactivation in oligodendrocytes aggravated IFN-γ-induced remyelinating oligodendrocyte death and remyelination failure in the cuprizone model (male mice). Moreover, we found that NF-κB inactivation in oligodendrocytes increased the susceptibility of mice to EAE (female mice). These findings imply the cytoprotective effects of NF-κB activation on oligodendrocytes in MS and EAE.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. NF-κB is a major player in inflammatory diseases that acts by regulating inflammation and cell viability. Data indicate that NF-κB activation in inflammatory cells facilitates the development of MS. However, to date, attempts to understand the role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in MS have been unsuccessful. Herein, we generated a mouse model that allows for inactivation of NF-κB specifically in oligodendrocytes and then used this model to determine the precise role of NF-κB activation in oligodendrocytes in models of MS. The results presented in this study represent the first demonstration that NF-κB activation acts cell autonomously to protect oligodendrocytes against inflammation in animal models of MS.
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58
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Arumugam S, Mincheva-Tasheva S, Periyakaruppiah A, de la Fuente S, Soler RM, Garcera A. Regulation of Survival Motor Neuron Protein by the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway in Mouse Spinal Cord Motoneurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5019-5030. [PMID: 28808928 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Survival motor neuron (SMN) protein deficiency causes the genetic neuromuscular disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), characterized by spinal cord motoneuron degeneration. Since SMN protein level is critical to disease onset and severity, analysis of the mechanisms involved in SMN stability is one of the central goals of SMA research. Here, we describe the role of several members of the NF-κB pathway in regulating SMN in motoneurons. NF-κB is one of the main regulators of motoneuron survival and pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB pathway activity also induces mouse survival motor neuron (Smn) protein decrease. Using a lentiviral-based shRNA approach to reduce the expression of several members of NF-κB pathway, we observed that IKK and RelA knockdown caused Smn reduction in mouse-cultured motoneurons whereas IKK or RelB knockdown did not. Moreover, isolated motoneurons obtained from the severe SMA mouse model showed reduced protein levels of several NF-κB members and RelA phosphorylation. We describe the alteration of NF-κB pathway in SMA cells. In the context of recent studies suggesting regulation of altered intracellular pathways as a future pharmacological treatment of SMA, we propose the NF-κB pathway as a candidate in this new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Arumugam
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Stefka Mincheva-Tasheva
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ambika Periyakaruppiah
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sandra de la Fuente
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa M Soler
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ana Garcera
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
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59
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Wang R, Yang S, Nie T, Zhu G, Feng D, Yang Q. Transcription Factors: Potential Cell Death Markers in Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:552-560. [PMID: 28791585 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a long preclinical phase. The continuous loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons is one of the pathogenic hallmarks of PD. Diagnosis largely depends on clinical observation, but motor dysfunctions do not emerge until 70%-80% of the nigrostriatal nerve terminals have been destroyed. Therefore, a biomarker that indicates the degeneration of DA neurons is urgently needed. Transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate RNA synthesis from a DNA template. The precise control of gene expression plays a critical role in the development, maintenance, and survival of cells, including DA neurons. Deficiency of certain transcription factors has been associated with DA neuron loss and PD. In this review, we focus on some transcription factors and discuss their structure, function, mechanisms of neuroprotection, and their potential for use as biomarkers indicating the degeneration of DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Shaosong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Tiejian Nie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Zhang D, Han S, Wang S, Luo Y, Zhao L, Li J. cPKCγ-mediated down-regulation of UCHL1 alleviates ischaemic neuronal injuries by decreasing autophagy via ERK-mTOR pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3641-3657. [PMID: 28726275 PMCID: PMC5706506 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the world, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Both conventional protein kinase C (cPKC)γ and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) are neuron-specific proteins. In the models of 1-hr middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/24-hr reperfusion in mice and 1-hr oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)/24-hr reoxygenation in cortical neurons, we found that cPKCγ gene knockout remarkably aggravated ischaemic injuries and simultaneously increased the levels of cleaved (Cl)-caspase-3 and LC3-I proteolysis product LC3-II, and the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells to total neurons. Moreover, cPKCγ gene knockout could increase UCHL1 protein expression via elevating its mRNA level regulated by the nuclear factor κB inhibitor alpha (IκB-α)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway in cortical neurons. Both inhibitor and shRNA of UCHL1 significantly reduced the ratio of LC3-II/total LC3, which contributed to neuronal survival after ischaemic stroke, but did not alter the level of Cl-caspase-3. In addition, UCHL1 shRNA reversed the effect of cPKCγ on the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and ERK rather than that of AMPK and GSK-3β. In conclusion, our results suggest that cPKCγ activation alleviates ischaemic injuries of mice and cortical neurons through inhibiting UCHL1 expression, which may negatively regulate autophagy through ERK-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shizun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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EndophilinAs regulate endosomal sorting of BDNF-TrkB to mediate survival signaling in hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2149. [PMID: 28526875 PMCID: PMC5438371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The sorting of activated receptors into distinct endosomal compartments is essential to activate specific signaling cascades and cellular events including growth and survival. However, the proteins involved in this sorting are not well understood. We discovered a novel role of EndophilinAs in sorting of activated BDNF-TrkB receptors into late endosomal compartments. Mice lacking all three EndophilinAs accumulate Rab7-positive late endosomes. Moreover, EndophilinAs are differentially localized to, co-traffic with, and tubulate, distinct endosomal compartments: In response to BDNF, EndophilinA2 is recruited to both early and late endosomes, EndophilinA3 is recruited to Lamp1-positive late endosomes, and co-trafficks with Rab5 and Rab7 in both the presence and absence of BDNF, while EndophilinA1 colocalizes at lower levels with endosomes. The absence of all three EndophilinAs caused TrkB to accumulate in EEA1 and Rab7-positive endosomes, and impaired BDNF-TrkB-dependent survival signaling cascades. In addition, EndophilinA triple knockout neurons exhibited increased cell death which could not be rescued by exogenous BDNF, in a neurotrophin-dependent survival assay. Thus, EndophilinAs differentially regulate activated receptor sorting via distinct endosomal compartments to promote BDNF-dependent cell survival.
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Transglutaminase 2 modulation of NF-κB signaling in astrocytes is independent of its ability to mediate astrocytic viability in ischemic injury. Brain Res 2017; 1668:1-11. [PMID: 28522262 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that can contribute to cell death and cell survival processes in a variety of disease contexts. Within the brain, TG2 has been shown to promote cell death in ischemic injury when expressed in astrocytes (Colak and Johnson, 2012). However, the specific functions and characteristics of astrocytic TG2 that mediate this effect are largely unknown. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the role of astrocytic TG2 in mediating cellular viability processes in the context of ischemic injury, with a specific focus on its contributions to intracellular signaling cascades. We show that, in response to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), acute lentiviral-mediated knockdown of TG2, as well as inhibition with an irreversible TG2 inhibitor, enhances cell survival. We also show that TG2 depletion increases nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, whereas inhibition reduces NF-κB activity. Despite its clear contribution to NF-κB signaling, however, TG2 modulation of NF-κB signaling is not likely to be a major contributor to its ability to mediate astrocytic viability in this context. Overall, the results of this study provide insight into the role of TG2 in astrocytes and suggest possible avenues for future study of the relationship between astrocytic TG2 and ischemic injury.
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Cabezas R, Vega-Vela NE, González-Sanmiguel J, González J, Esquinas P, Echeverria V, Barreto GE. PDGF-BB Preserves Mitochondrial Morphology, Attenuates ROS Production, and Upregulates Neuroglobin in an Astrocytic Model Under Rotenone Insult. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3085-3095. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shi Z, Chen T, Yao Q, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Wang J, Hu Z, Cui H, Han Y, Han X, Zhang K, Hong W. The circular RNA ciRS-7 promotes APP and BACE1 degradation in an NF-κB-dependent manner. FEBS J 2017; 284:1096-1109. [PMID: 28296235 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and enhanced cleavage of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) has a major causative role in AD. Despite their prominence in AD pathogenesis, the regulation of BACE1 and APP is incompletely understood. In this study, we report that the circular RNA circular RNA sponge for miR-7 (ciRS-7) has an important role in regulating BACE1 and APP protein levels. Previous studies have shown that ciRS-7, which is highly expressed in the human brain, is down-regulated in the brain of people with AD but the relevance of this finding was not clear. We have found that ciRS-7 is not involved in the regulation of APP and BACE1 gene expression, but instead reduces the protein levels of APP and BACE1 by promoting their degradation via the proteasome and lysosome. Consequently, overexpression of ciRS-7 reduces the generation of Aβ, indicating a potential neuroprotective role of ciRS-7. Our data also suggest that ciRS-7 modulates APP and BACE1 levels in a nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent manner: ciRS-7 expression inhibits translation of NF-κB and induces its cytoplasmic localization, thus derepressing expression of UCHL1, which promotes APP and BACE1 degradation. Additionally, we demonstrated that APP reduces the level of ciRS-7, revealing a mutual regulation of ciRS-7 and APP. Taken together, our data provide a molecular mechanism implicating reduced ciRS-7 expression in AD, suggesting that ciRS-7 may represent a useful target in the development of therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemin Shi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Qingbin Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Jingzhao Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhimei Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Hongmei Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yawei Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaohui Han
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
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NF-κB regulates neuronal ankyrin-G via a negative feedback loop. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42006. [PMID: 28181483 PMCID: PMC5299403 DOI: 10.1038/srep42006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a neuronal compartment defined by ankyrin-G expression. We here demonstrate that the IKK-complex co-localizes and interacts with the cytoskeletal anchor protein ankyrin-G in immunoprecipitation and proximity-ligation experiments in cortical neurons. Overexpression of the 270 kDa variant of ankyrin-G suppressed, while gene-silencing of ankyrin-G expression increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in primary neurons, suggesting that ankyrin-G sequesters the transcription factor in the AIS. We also found that p65 bound to the ank3 (ankyrin-G) promoter sequence in chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses thereby increasing ank3 expression and ankyrin-G levels at the AIS. Gene-silencing of p65 or ankyrin-G overexpression suppressed ank3 reporter activity. Collectively these data demonstrate that p65/NF-κB controls ankyrin-G levels via a negative feedback loop, thereby linking NF-κB signaling with neuronal polarity and axonal plasticity.
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66
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Snow WM, Albensi BC. Neuronal Gene Targets of NF-κB and Their Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:118. [PMID: 27881951 PMCID: PMC5101203 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although, better known for its role in inflammation, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has more recently been implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. This has been, in part, to the discovery of its localization not just in glia, cells that are integral to mediating the inflammatory process in the brain, but also neurons. Several effectors of neuronal NF-κB have been identified, including calcium, inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha), and the induction of experimental paradigms thought to reflect learning and memory at the cellular level (i.e., long-term potentiation). NF-κB is also activated after learning and memory formation in vivo. In turn, activation of NF-κB can elicit either suppression or activation of other genes. Studies are only beginning to elucidate the multitude of neuronal gene targets of NF-κB in the normal brain, but research to date has confirmed targets involved in a wide array of cellular processes, including cell signaling and growth, neurotransmission, redox signaling, and gene regulation. Further, several lines of research confirm dysregulation of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disorder characterized clinically by a profound deficit in the ability to form new memories. AD-related neuropathology includes the characteristic amyloid beta plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles. Although, such neuropathological findings have been hypothesized to contribute to memory deficits in AD, research has identified perturbations at the cellular and synaptic level that occur even prior to more gross pathologies, including transcriptional dysregulation. Indeed, synaptic disturbances appear to be a significant correlate of cognitive deficits in AD. Given the more recently identified role for NF-κB in memory and synaptic transmission in the normal brain, the expansive network of gene targets of NF-κB, and its dysregulation in AD, a thorough understanding of NF-κB-related signaling in AD is warranted and may have important implications for uncovering treatments for the disease. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of our current understanding of the gene targets of this transcription factor in neurons in the intact brain and provide an overview of studies investigating NF-κB signaling, including its downstream targets, in the AD brain as a means of uncovering the basic physiological mechanisms by which memory becomes fragile in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital ResearchWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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Gsk3β and Tomm20 are substrates of the SCFFbxo7/PARK15 ubiquitin ligase associated with Parkinson's disease. Biochem J 2016; 473:3563-3580. [PMID: 27503909 PMCID: PMC5260939 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fbxo7 is a clinically relevant F-box protein, associated with both cancer and Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, SNPs within FBXO7 are correlated with alterations in red blood cell parameters. Point mutations within FBXO7 map within specific functional domains, including near its F-box domain and its substrate recruiting domains, suggesting that deficiencies in SCFFbxo7/PARK15 ubiquitin ligase activity are mechanistically linked to early-onset PD. To date, relatively few substrates of the ligase have been identified. These include HURP (hepatoma up-regulated protein), whose ubiquitination results in proteasome-mediated degradation, and c-IAP1 (inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1), TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and NRAGE, which are not destabilized as a result of ubiquitination. None of these substrates have been linked directly to PD, nor has it been determined whether they would directly engage neuronal cell death pathways. To discover ubiquitinated substrates of SCFFbxo7 implicated more directly in PD aetiology, we conducted a high-throughput screen using protein arrays to identify new candidates. A total of 338 new targets were identified and from these we validated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (Gsk3β), which can phosphorylate α-synuclein, and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (Tomm20), a mitochondrial translocase that, when ubiquitinated, promotes mitophagy, as SCFFbxo7 substrates both in vitro and in vivo. Ubiquitin chain restriction analyses revealed that Fbxo7 modified Gsk3β using K63 linkages. Our results indicate that Fbxo7 negatively regulates Gsk3β activity, rather than its levels or localization. In addition, Fbxo7 ubiquitinated Tomm20, and its levels correlated with Fbxo7 expression, indicating a stabilizing effect. None of the PD-associated mutations in Fbxo7 impaired Tomm20 ubiquitination. Our findings demonstrate that SCFFbxo7 has an impact directly on two proteins implicated in pathological processes leading to PD.
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Sun J, Chen XL, Zheng JY, Zhou JW, Ma ZL. Astragaloside IV protects new born rats from anesthesia-induced apoptosis in the developing brain. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1829-1835. [PMID: 27588101 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to general anesthesia may cause severe neurotoxicity in developing brain due to neuronal apoptosis. Astragaloside IV (AS IV) has antioxidant and antiapoptosis properties; however, its effects on anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis have not been studied. In the present study, we determined whether AS IV pre-treatment is able to reduce isoflurane exposure-induced neuroapoptosis in rats. New born rats were pre-treated with AS IV or solvent by oral gavage for three days, then exposed to isoflurane. The results showed that pre-treatment of AS IV significantly inhibited isoflurane-induced neural apoptosis in the hippocampus of new born rats, and such protection was accompanied by reduced levels of caspase-3, nuclear factor-κB activation and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and increased levels of B-cell lymphoma-2, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Klotho and phosphorylated protein kinase B. Furthermore, AS IV pre-treatment significantly alleviated isoflurane-induced oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release in the rat hippocampus and serum. In summery, the results of the study demonstrated that AS IV is able to protect developing brain from anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis via anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China; Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yu Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Liang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Drum Tower Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Rein T. FK506 binding protein 51 integrates pathways of adaptation: FKBP51 shapes the reactivity to environmental change. Bioessays 2016; 38:894-902. [PMID: 27374865 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review portraits FK506 binding protein (FKBP) 51 as "reactivity protein" and collates recent publications to develop the concept of FKBP51 as contributor to different levels of adaptation. Adaptation is a fundamental process that enables unicellular and multicellular organisms to adjust their molecular circuits and structural conditions in reaction to environmental changes threatening their homeostasis. FKBP51 is known as chaperone and co-chaperone of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, thus involved in processes ensuring correct protein folding in response to proteotoxic stress. In mammals, FKBP51 both shapes the stress response and is calibrated by the stress levels through an ultrashort molecular feedback loop. More recently, it has been linked to several intracellular pathways related to the reactivity to drug exposure and stress. Through its role in autophagy and DNA methylation in particular it influences adaptive pathways, possibly also in a transgenerational fashion. Also see the video abstract here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Science in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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70
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Shi ZM, Han YW, Han XH, Zhang K, Chang YN, Hu ZM, Qi HX, Ting C, Zhen Z, Hong W. Upstream regulators and downstream effectors of NF-κB in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2016; 366:127-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Griffin JM, Kho D, Graham ES, Nicholson LFB, O’Carroll SJ. Statins Inhibit Fibrillary β-Amyloid Induced Inflammation in a Model of the Human Blood Brain Barrier. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157483. [PMID: 27309956 PMCID: PMC4911157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocytes and cerebral endothelial cells are important components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Disruption to this barrier through inflammation is a major contributor to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. The amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is known to exist in several forms and is a key modulator of AD that is known to cause inflammation and changes to BBB function. While one of these forms, fibrillary Aβ (fAβ), is known to cause endothelial cell death at the BBB, no studies have looked specifically at its role on inflammation in a model of the human BBB. Aims To determine if fAβ is inflammatory to the human BBB. As statins have been shown to be anti-inflammatory and protective in AD, we also tested if these could inhibit the inflammatory effect of fAβ. Methods Using cultured cerebral endothelial cells and astrocytes we determined changes in cytokine release, cell toxicity and barrier function in response to fibrillary β-amyloid1–42 (fAβ1–42) alone and in combination with statins. Results fAβ1–42 induced inflammatory cytokine release from endothelial cells in the absence of cell toxicity. It also induced astrocyte cytokine release and cell death and caused a loss of barrier integrity. Statin treatment inhibited all of these effects. Conclusions We conclude that fAβ1–42 has both inflammatory and cytotoxic effects on the BBB and the protective effect of statins in AD may in part be through inhibiting these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M. Griffin
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan Kho
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E. Scott Graham
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise F. B. Nicholson
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J. O’Carroll
- Centre for Brain Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Inhibition of the neuronal NFκB pathway attenuates bortezomib-induced neuropathy in a mouse model. Neurotoxicology 2016; 55:58-64. [PMID: 27211850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with a remarkable antitumor activity, used in the clinic as first line treatment for multiple myeloma. One hallmark of bortezomib mechanism of action in neoplastic cells is the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor involved in cell survival and proliferation. Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting toxicity that often requires adjustment of treatment and affects patient's prognosis and quality of life. Since disruption of NFκB pathway can also affect neuronal survival, we assessed the role of NFκB in bortezomib-induced neuropathy by using a transgenic mouse that selectively provides blockage of the NFκB pathway in neurons. Interestingly, we observed that animals with impaired NFκB activation developed significantly less severe neuropathy than wild type animals, with particular preservation of large myelinated fibers, thus suggesting that neuronal NFκB activation plays a positive role in bortezomib induced neuropathy and that bortezomib treatment might induce neuropathy by inhibiting NFκΒ in non-neuronal cell types or by targeting other signaling pathways. Therefore, inhibition of NFκB might be a promising strategy for the cotreatment of cancer and neuropathy.
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Fan J, Fan X, Li Y, Guo J, Xia D, Ding L, Zheng Q, Wang W, Xue F, Chen R, Liu S, Hu L, Gong Y. Blunted inflammation mediated by NF-κB activation in hippocampus alleviates chronic normobaric hypoxia-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 122:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Beilharz JE, Maniam J, Morris MJ. Short-term exposure to a diet high in fat and sugar, or liquid sugar, selectively impairs hippocampal-dependent memory, with differential impacts on inflammation. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:1-7. [PMID: 26970578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-energy diets are known to induce obesity and impair memory; these changes have been associated with inflammation in brain areas crucial for memory. In this study, we investigated whether inflammation could also be related to diet-induced memory deficits, prior to obesity. We exposed rats to chow, chow supplemented with a 10% sucrose solution (Sugar) or a diet high in fat and sugar (Caf+Sugar) and assessed hippocampal-dependent and perirhinal-dependent memory at 1 week. Both high-energy diet groups displayed similar, selective hippocampal-dependent memory deficits despite the Caf+Sugar rats consuming 4-5 times more energy, and weighing significantly more than the other groups. Extreme weight gain and excessive energy intake are therefore not necessary for deficits in memory. Weight gain across the diet period however, was correlated with the memory deficits, even in the Chow rats. The Sugar rats had elevated expression of a number of inflammatory genes in the hippocampus and WAT compared to Chow and Caf+Sugar rats but not in the perirhinal cortex or hypothalamus. Blood glucose concentrations were also elevated in the Sugar rats, and were correlated with the hippocampal inflammatory markers. Together, these results indicate that liquid sugar can rapidly elevate markers of central and peripheral inflammation, in association with hyperglycemia, and this may be related to the memory deficits in the Sugar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Beilharz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Maniam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - M J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Hong Y, Shen C, Yin Q, Sun M, Ma Y, Liu X. Effects of RAGE-Specific Inhibitor FPS-ZM1 on Amyloid-β Metabolism and AGEs-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rat Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1192-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Seleznik G, Seeger H, Bauer J, Fu K, Czerkowicz J, Papandile A, Poreci U, Rabah D, Ranger A, Cohen CD, Lindenmeyer M, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Anders HJ, Lech M, Wüthrich RP, Ruddle NH, Moeller MJ, Kozakowski N, Regele H, Browning JL, Heikenwalder M, Segerer S. The lymphotoxin β receptor is a potential therapeutic target in renal inflammation. Kidney Int 2016; 89:113-26. [PMID: 26398497 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of inflammatory cells in different renal compartments is a hallmark of progressive kidney diseases including glomerulonephritis (GN). Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling is crucial for the formation of lymphoid tissue, and inhibition of LTβR signaling has ameliorated several non-renal inflammatory models. Therefore, we tested whether LTβR signaling could also have a role in renal injury. Renal biopsies from patients with GN were found to express both LTα and LTβ ligands, as well as LTβR. The LTβR protein and mRNA were localized to tubular epithelial cells, parietal epithelial cells, crescents, and cells of the glomerular tuft, whereas LTβ was found on lymphocytes and tubular epithelial cells. Human tubular epithelial cells, mesangial cells, and mouse parietal epithelial cells expressed both LTα and LTβ mRNA upon stimulation with TNF in vitro. Several chemokine mRNAs and proteins were expressed in response to LTβR signaling. Importantly, in a murine lupus model, LTβR blockade improved renal function without the reduction of serum autoantibody titers or glomerular immune complex deposition. Thus, a preclinical mouse model and human studies strongly suggest that LTβR signaling is involved in renal injury and may be a suitable therapeutic target in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Seleznik
- Division of Visceral & Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seeger
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Helmholz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Czerkowicz
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Papandile
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Uriana Poreci
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dania Rabah
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann Ranger
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Chen
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans J Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, University of Munich-LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, University of Munich-LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf P Wüthrich
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nancy H Ruddle
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey L Browning
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Microbiology and Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Helmholz Zentrum, Munich, Germany; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Snow WM, Pahlavan PS, Djordjevic J, McAllister D, Platt EE, Alashmali S, Bernstein MJ, Suh M, Albensi BC. Morris Water Maze Training in Mice Elevates Hippocampal Levels of Transcription Factors Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and Nuclear Factor Kappa B p65. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:70. [PMID: 26635523 PMCID: PMC4649017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has identified several transcription factors that regulate activity-dependent plasticity and memory, with cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) being the most well-studied. In neurons, CREB activation is influenced by the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), considered central to immunity but more recently implicated in memory. The transcription factor early growth response-2 (Egr-2), an NF-κB gene target, is also associated with learning and memory. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), an antioxidant transcription factor linked to NF-κB in pathological conditions, has not been studied in normal memory. Given that numerous transcription factors implicated in activity-dependent plasticity demonstrate connections to NF-κB, this study simultaneously evaluated protein levels of NF-κB, CREB, Egr-2, Nrf2, and actin in hippocampi from young (1 month-old) weanling CD1 mice after training in the Morris water maze, a hippocampal-dependent spatial memory task. After a 6-day acquisition period, time to locate the hidden platform decreased in the Morris water maze. Mice spent more time in the target vs. non-target quadrants of the maze, suggestive of recall of the platform location. Western blot data revealed a decrease in NF-κB p50 protein after training relative to controls, whereas NF-κB p65, Nrf2 and actin increased. Nrf2 levels were correlated with platform crosses in nearly all tested animals. These data demonstrate that training in a spatial memory task results in alterations in and associations with particular transcription factors in the hippocampus, including upregulation of NF-κB p65 and Nrf2. Training-induced increases in actin protein levels caution against its use as a loading control in immunoblot studies examining activity-dependent plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Payam S Pahlavan
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Danielle McAllister
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Eric E Platt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shoug Alashmali
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael J Bernstein
- Department of Psychological and Social Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Abington Abington, PA, USA
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research Winnipeg, MB, Canada ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada ; Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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78
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Li M, Song S, Li S, Feng J, Hua Z. The Blockade of NF-κB Activation by a Specific Inhibitory Peptide Has a Strong Neuroprotective Role in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Kernicterus Model. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30042-52. [PMID: 26499797 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kernicterus, the permanent nerve damage occurring as a result of bilirubin precipitation, still occurs worldwide and may lead to death or permanent neurological impairments. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and effective therapeutic strategies are lacking. The present study aims to investigate the activation of NF-κB and to identify the effect of NF-κB inhibition on the newborn rat kernicterus model. The NF-κB essential modifier-binding domain peptide (NBD), coupled with the HIV trans-activator of transcription peptide (TAT) was used to inhibit NF-κB. NF-κB was significantly activated in the cerebrum at 1 and 3 h (p < 0.05) after the model was established, as measured by EMSA. NF-κB activation was inhibited by intraperitoneal administration of TAT-NBD. The general conditions of the TAT-NBD-treated rats were improved; meanwhile, these rats performed much better on the neurological evaluation, the rotarod test, and the Morris water maze test (p < 0.05) than the vehicle-treated rats at 28 days. Furthermore, the morphology of the nerve cells was better preserved in the TAT-NBD group, and these cells displayed less neurodegeneration and astrocytosis. Simultaneously, apoptosis in the brain was attenuated, and the levels of the TNF-α and IL-1β proteins were decreased (p < 0.01). These results suggested that NF-κB was activated, and inhibition of NF-κB activation by TAT-NBD not only attenuated the acute neurotoxicity, apoptosis, and inflammation, but also improved the long term neurobehavioral impairments in the kernicterus model rats in vivo. Thus, inhibiting NF-κB activation might be a potential therapeutic approach for kernicterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Li
- From the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Sijie Song
- From the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400000, China, and
| | - Shengjun Li
- From the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jie Feng
- From the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Ziyu Hua
- From the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China, the Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400000, China
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79
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Paradoxical role of PKA inhibitor on amyloidβ-induced memory deficit. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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80
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Jiang F, Mao Y, Liu H, Xu P, Zhang L, Qian X, Sun X. Magnesium Lithospermate B Protects Neurons Against Amyloid β (1–42)-Induced Neurotoxicity Through the NF-κB Pathway. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1954-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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81
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Stone S, Lin W. The unfolded protein response in multiple sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:264. [PMID: 26283904 PMCID: PMC4518158 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) occurs in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. The UPR is comprised of three signaling pathways that promote cytoprotective functions to correct ER stress; however, if ER stress cannot be resolved the UPR results in apoptosis of affected cells. The UPR is an important feature of various human diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have shown several components of the UPR are upregulated in the multiple cell types in MS lesions, including oligodendrocytes, T cells, microglia/macrophages, and astrocytes. Data from animal model studies, particularly studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and the cuprizone model, imply an important role of the UPR activation in oligodendrocytes in the development of MS. In this review we will cover current literature on the UPR and the evidence for its role in the development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrabeth Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA ; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
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82
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Up-regulation of CX3CL1 via Nuclear Factor-κB-dependent Histone Acetylation Is Involved in Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Anesthesiology 2015; 122:1142-51. [PMID: 25494456 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-regulation of CX3CL1 has been revealed to be involved in the neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. However, whether CX3CL1 participates in the paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the involvement of transcriptional factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its causal interaction with CX3CL1 signaling in the paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. METHODS Painful peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel treatment was established in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The von Frey test were performed to evaluate neuropathic pain behavior, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and small interfering RNA were performed to understand the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The application of paclitaxel induced an up-regulation of CX3CL1 expression in the spinal neurons, which is reduced significantly by NF-κB inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate or p65 small interfering RNA. Blockade of either CX3CL1 (n = 12 each) or NF-κB (n = 12 each) signaling pathway attenuated mechanical allodynia induced by paclitaxel. Chromatin immunoprecipitation further found that paclitaxel induced an increased recruitment of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)p65 to the Cx3cl1 promoter region. Furthermore, an increased acetylation level of H4, but not H3, in Cx3cl1 promoter region in spinal neurons was detected after paclitaxel treatment, which was reversed by inhibition of NF-κB with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate or p65 small interfering RNA. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that up-regulation of CX3CL1 via NF-κB-dependent H4 acetylation might be critical for paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia.
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83
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Zhang F, Li N, Jiang L, Chen L, Huang M. Neuroprotective Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Against Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats Through Attenuation of Inflammation. Neurochem Res 2015. [PMID: 26198193 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death among adults worldwide. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to exhibit neuroprotective functions in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanisms in this process and its contribution to the protection function remain unknown. The current study examined the neuroprotective effects of EGCG after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats. tMCAO for 120 min was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with EGCG (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or Vehicle immediately after reperfusion. Neurological score, infarct ratio and inflammation-related molecules (assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative real-time PCR or western blotting) were estimated at 24 h after operation. EGCG prevented the impairment of neurological function and decreased the infarct volume, compared with the Vehicle group. The inflammation-related molecules TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 levels usually caused by ischemia/reperfusion were significantly ameliorated by EGCG. EGCG also inhibited the upregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B/p65 (NF-κB/p65), and induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The present study indicates that EGCG may be a promising therapeutic agent for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through attenuation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- FengJin Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China,
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84
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Aloor R, Zhang C, Bandyopadhyay M, Dasgupta S. Impact of nuclear factor-κB on restoration of neuron growth and differentiation in hippocampus of degenerative brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1471-5. [PMID: 25586448 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mode of action of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been extensively observed in different aspects of cell growth and proliferation. The transcription factor regulates various genes controlling inflammation and anti-inflammatory responses in different tissues. Thus, NF-κB signal gains a therapeutic prospect. The activation of NF-κB requires nuclear localization of its p65 subunit. Research also indicates an impact of phosphorylated p65 on the transcription of genes during cell growth and the immune response. Following the trends in investigations over decades, different observations suggest that NF-κB activation and phosphorylation of p65 regulate neuronal plasticity. Also, inhibition of NF-κB activation is a well-demonstrated way to attenuate inflammation. In addition to anti-inflammatory drugs, recent researches unwind a way to regulate regeneration and repair tissue damage. Thus, keeping a critical view on NF-κB signals, we propose the importance of natural or synthetic NF-κB activators for neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Aloor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies
| | - Christine Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies
| | | | - Subhajit Dasgupta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies.,Department of Biochemistry, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies
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Abstract
Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the main neuropathological hallmarks in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. However, it has become increasingly apparent that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of AD. This review summarizes the current status of neuroinflammation research related to AD, focusing on the connections between neuroinflammation and some inflammation factors in AD. Among these connections, we discuss the dysfunctional blood-brain barrier and alterations in the functional responses of microglia and astrocytes in this process. In addition, we summarize and discuss the role of intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses in astrocytes and microglia, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, nuclear factor-kappa B cascade, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma transcription factors. Finally, the dysregulation of the control and release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and classic AD pathology (amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) in AD is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China ; School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China
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86
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May the remodeling of the Ca²⁺ toolkit in endothelial progenitor cells derived from cancer patients suggest alternative targets for anti-angiogenic treatment? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:1958-73. [PMID: 25447551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be recruited from bone marrow to sustain the metastatic switch in a number of solid cancers, including breast cancer (BC) and renal cellular carcinoma (RCC). Preventing EPC mobilization causes tumor shrinkage. Novel anti-angiogenic treatments have been introduced in therapy to inhibit VEGFR-2 signaling; unfortunately, these drugs blocked tumor angiogenesis in pre-clinical murine models, but resulted far less effective in human patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving EPC proliferation and tubulogenesis in cancer patients could outline novel targets for alternative anti-angiogenic treatments. Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) regulates the growth of human EPCs, and it is mediated by the interaction between the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-sensor, Stim1, and the plasmalemmal Ca²⁺ channels, Orai1 and TRPC1. EPCs do not belong to the neoplastic clone: thus, unlike tumor endothelium and neoplastic cells, they should not remodel their Ca²⁺ toolkit in response to tumor microenvironment. However, our recent work demonstrated that EPCs isolated from naïve RCC patients (RCC-EPCs) undergo a dramatic remodeling of their Ca²⁺ toolkit by displaying a remarkable drop in the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content, by down-regulating the expression of inositol-1,4,5-receptors (InsP3Rs), and by up-regulating Stim1, Orai1 and TRPC1. Moreover, EPCs are dramatically less sensitive to VEGF stimulation both in terms of Ca²⁺ signaling and of gene expression when isolated from tumor patients. Conversely, the pharmacological abolition of SOCE suppresses proliferation in these cells. These results question the suitability of VEGFR-2 as a therapeutically relevant target for anti-angiogenic treatments and hint at Orai1 and TRPC1 as more promising alternatives. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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87
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Hu W, Wang G, Li P, Wang Y, Si CL, He J, Long W, Bai Y, Feng Z, Wang X. Neuroprotective effects of macranthoin G from Eucommia ulmoides against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via inhibiting NF-κB activation. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 224:108-16. [PMID: 25451577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-mediated cellular injury has been considered as a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated by antioxidants may be a potential strategy for retarding the disease's progression. Macranthoin G (MCG), isolated from Eucommia ulmoides, is a derivative from chlorogenic acid methyl ester and caffeic acid. This study is aimed to investigate the protective role of MCG against the cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and to elucidate potential protective mechanisms in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The results showed that the treatment of PC12 cells with MCG prior to H2O2 exposure effectively increased the cell viability, and stabilized the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP); furthermore, it enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH); it also decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, intracellular ROS, caspase-3 activation, as well as cell apoptosis. In addition, the MCG treatment minimized the cell injury by H2O2 via down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway as well as activation of phosphorylation of IκBα, p38, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results showed that that MCG is promising as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases induced by oxidative damage and should be encouraged for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Gongcheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Pengxia Li
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuning Wang
- Institute of Agro-food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chuan-Ling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, College of Material Science & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jing He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China; College of Food Science and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Wei Long
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yujia Bai
- College of Food Science and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Zuoshan Feng
- College of Food Science and Pharmacology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
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Aβ1-42 reduces P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier through RAGE-NF-κB signaling. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1299. [PMID: 24967961 PMCID: PMC4611731 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The reduced clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain partly accounts for the neurotoxic accumulation of Aβ in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it has been suggested that P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is an efflux transporter expressed on the luminal membrane of the brain capillary endothelium, is capable of transporting Aβ out of the brain. Although evidence has shown that restoring P-gp reduces brain Aβ in a mouse model of AD, the molecular mechanisms underlying the decrease in P-gp expression in AD is largely unknown. We found that Aβ1–42 reduced P-gp expression in the murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, which was consistent with our in vivo data that P-gp expression was significantly reduced, especially near amyloid plaques in the brains of five familial AD mutations (5XFAD) mice that are used as an animal model for AD. A neutralizing antibody against the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and an inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling prevented the decrease in Aβ1–42-induced P-gp expression, suggesting that Aβ reduced P-gp expression through NF-κB signaling by interacting with RAGE. In addition, we observed that the P-gp reduction by Aβ was rescued in bEnd.3 cells receiving inductive signals or factors from astrocytes making contacts with endothelial cells (ECs). These results support that alterations of astrocyte–EC contacts were closely associated with P-gp expression. This suggestion was further supported by the observation of a loss of astrocyte polarity in the brains of 5XFAD mice. Taken together, we found that P-gp downregulation by Aβ was mediated through RAGE–NF-κB signaling pathway in ECs and that the contact between astrocytes and ECs was an important factor in the regulation of P-gp expression.
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Prell T, Lautenschläger J, Weidemann L, Ruhmer J, Witte OW, Grosskreutz J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is accompanied by activation of NF-κB in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 270:29-36. [PMID: 24666819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ER stress occurs when the ER-mitochondria calcium cycle is disturbed and misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER. To cope with ER stress, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Accumulating evidence from non-neuronal cell models suggests that there is extensive cross-talk between the UPR and the NF-κB pathway. METHODS Here we investigated the expression of NF-κB and the main UPR markers X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), basic leucine-zipper transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (p-eIF2) in mutated SOD1(G93A) cell models of ALS, as well as their modulation by lipopolysaccharide and ER-stressing (tunicamycin) stimuli. RESULTS Expression of NF-κB was enhanced in the presence of SOD1(G93A). Lipopolysaccharide did not induce the UPR in NSC34 cells and motor neurons in a mixed motor neuron-glia coculture system. The induction of the UPR by tunicamycin was accompanied by activation of NF-κB in NSC34 cells and motor neurons. CONCLUSION Our data linked two important pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, ER stress and NF-κB signalling, in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prell
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany.
| | - J Lautenschläger
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - L Weidemann
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - J Ruhmer
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - O W Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - J Grosskreutz
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07747 Jena, Germany
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Gross J, Olze H, Mazurek B. Differential Expression of Transcription Factors and Inflammation-, ROS-, and Cell Death-Related Genes in Organotypic Cultures in the Modiolus, the Organ of Corti and the Stria Vascularis of Newborn Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:523-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Alé A, Bruna J, Morell M, van de Velde H, Monbaliu J, Navarro X, Udina E. Treatment with anti-TNF alpha protects against the neuropathy induced by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in a mouse model. Exp Neurol 2014; 253:165-73. [PMID: 24406455 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, is an effective anti-neoplastic drug used in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. However, it can induce a reversible peripheral neuropathy that may lead to treatment discontinuation. The mechanism through which BTZ exerts toxic effects in peripheral neurons is not clear. Release of proinflammatory cytokines after nerve damage can induce neurodegeneration, but the effects of BTZ on cytokine expression in neurons are unknown, although BTZ modulates the expression of cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, in tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and the role of these cytokines on the course of BTZ induced neuropathy in mice. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IL-1β were up-regulated in dorsal root ganglia but TNF-α and IL-6 increased faster and higher. Then, we studied the potential neuroprotective effect of selective antibodies anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-6 on the evolution of the neuropathy. Treatment with anti-TNF-α but not with anti-IL-6 significantly prevented the decrease of sensory nerve action potentials amplitude and the loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. We conclude that monoclonal antibodies directed against TNF-α may be a suitable neuroprotective therapy against the neurotoxicity induced by BTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Alé
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jordi Bruna
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Marta Morell
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Esther Udina
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
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Roles for NF-κB and gene targets of NF-κB in synaptic plasticity, memory, and navigation. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:757-70. [PMID: 24122352 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although traditionally associated with immune function, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has garnered much attention in recent years as an important regulator of memory. Specifically, research has found that NF-κB, localized in both neurons and glia, is activated during the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a paradigm of synaptic plasticity and correlate of memory. Further, experimental manipulation of NF-κB activation or its blockade results in altered memory and spatial navigation abilities. Genetic knockout of specific NF-κB subunits in mice results in memory alterations. Collectively, such data suggest that NF-κB may be a requirement for memory, although the direction of the response (i.e., memory enhancement or deficit) is inconsistent. A limited number of gene targets of NF-κB have been recently identified in neurons, including neurotrophic factors, calcium-regulating proteins, other transcription factors, and molecules associated with neuronal outgrowth and remodeling. In turn, several key molecules are activators of NF-κB, including protein kinase C and [Ca(++)]i. Thus, NF-κB signaling is complex and under the regulation of numerous proteins involved in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The purpose of this review is to highlight the literature detailing a role for NF-κB in synaptic plasticity, memory, and spatial navigation. Secondly, this review will synthesize the research evaluating gene targets of NF-κB in synaptic plasticity and memory. Although there is ample evidence to suggest a critical role for NF-κB in memory, our understanding of its gene targets in neurons is limited and only beginning to be appreciated.
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Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates immune and cell-survival signaling pathways. NF-κB has been reported to be present in neurons wherein it reportedly responds to immune and toxic stimuli, glutamate, and synaptic activity. However, because the brain contains many cell types, assays specifically measuring neuronal NF-κB activity are difficult to perform and interpret. To address this, we compared NF-κB activity in cultures of primary neocortical neurons, mixed brain cells, and liver cells, employing Western blot of NF-κB subunits, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) of nuclear κB DNA binding, reporter assay of κB DNA binding, immunofluorescence of the NF-κB subunit protein p65, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of NF-κB-regulated gene expression, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of produced proteins. Assay of p65 showed its constitutive presence in cytoplasm and nucleus of neurons at levels significantly lower than in mixed brain or liver cells. EMSA and reporter assays showed that constitutive NF-κB activity was nearly absent in neurons. Induced activity was minimal--many fold lower than in other cell types, as measured by phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor IκBα, nuclear accumulation of p65, binding to κB DNA consensus sites, NF-κB reporting, or induction of NF-κB-responsive genes. The most efficacious activating stimuli for neurons were the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-beta (IL-β). Neuronal NF-κB was not responsive to glutamate in most assays, and it was also unresponsive to hydrogen peroxide, lipopolysaccharide, norepinephrine, ATP, phorbol ester, and nerve growth factor. The chemokine gene transcripts CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL10 were strongly induced via NF-κB activation by TNFα in neurons, but many candidate responsive genes were not, including the neuroprotective genes SOD2 and Bcl-xL. Importantly, the level of induced neuronal NF-κB activity in response to TNFα or any other stimulus was lower than the level of constitutive activity in non-neuronal cells, calling into question the functional significance of neuronal NF-κB activity.
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Abstract
Allosteric propagation results in communication between distinct sites in the protein structure; it also encodes specific effects on cellular pathways, and in this way it shapes cellular response. One example of long-range effects is binding of morphogens to cell surface receptors, which initiates a cascade of protein interactions that leads to genome activation and specific cellular action. Allosteric propagation results from combinations of multiple factors, takes place through dynamic shifts of conformational ensembles, and affects the equilibria of macromolecular interactions. Here, we (a) emphasize the well-known yet still underappreciated role of allostery in conveying explicit signals across large multimolecular assemblies and distances to specify cellular action; (b) stress the need for quantitation of the allosteric effects; and finally, (c) propose that each specific combination of allosteric effectors along the pathway spells a distinct function. The challenges are colossal; the inspiring reward will be predicting function, misfunction, and outcomes of drug regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA.
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