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Knaus HA, Berglund S, Hackl H, Blackford AL, Zeidner JF, Montiel-Esparza R, Mukhopadhyay R, Vanura K, Blazar BR, Karp JE, Luznik L, Gojo I. Signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in AML patients and their reversibility with response to chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120974. [PMID: 30385732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of phenotypic and functional signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited. Deciphering these deranged T cell functional states and how they are impacted by induction chemotherapy is essential for incorporation of novel immune-based strategies to restore and maintain antileukemia immunity. METHODS We utilized high-dimensional immunophenotyping, gene expression, and functional studies to characterize peripheral blood and bone marrow CD8+ T cells in 72 AML patients at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy. RESULTS Our data suggest that multiple aspects of deranged T cell function are operative in AML at diagnosis, with exhaustion and senescence being the dominant processes. Following treatment, the phenotypic and transcriptional profile of CD8+ T cells diverged between responders and nonresponders. Response to therapy correlated with upregulation of costimulatory, and downregulation of apoptotic and inhibitory, T cell signaling pathways, indicative of restoration of T cell function. In functional studies, AML blasts directly altered CD8+ T cell viability, expansion, co-signaling and senescence marker expression. This CD8+ T cell dysfunction was in part reversible upon PD-1 blockade or OX40 costimulation in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the uniqueness of AML in sculpting CD8+ T cell responses and the plasticity of their signatures upon chemotherapy response, providing a compelling rationale for integration of novel immunotherapies to augment antileukemia immunity. FUNDING This work was supported by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society grant no. 6449-13; NIH grants UM1-CA186691 and R01-HL110907-01; the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation New Investigator Award/Gabrielle's Angel Foundation; the Vienna Fund for Innovative Cancer Research; and by fellowships from the Wenner-Gren Foundation and the Swedish Society for Medical Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna A Knaus
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Berglund
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua F Zeidner
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raúl Montiel-Esparza
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrina Vanura
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Judith E Karp
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivana Gojo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Knaus HA, Berglund S, Hackl H, Blackford AL, Zeidner JF, Montiel-Esparza R, Mukhopadhyay R, Vanura K, Blazar BR, Karp JE, Luznik L, Gojo I. Signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in AML patients and their reversibility with response to chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2018. [PMID: 30385732 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120974:e120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of phenotypic and functional signatures of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited. Deciphering these deranged T cell functional states and how they are impacted by induction chemotherapy is essential for incorporation of novel immune-based strategies to restore and maintain antileukemia immunity. METHODS We utilized high-dimensional immunophenotyping, gene expression, and functional studies to characterize peripheral blood and bone marrow CD8+ T cells in 72 AML patients at diagnosis and after induction chemotherapy. RESULTS Our data suggest that multiple aspects of deranged T cell function are operative in AML at diagnosis, with exhaustion and senescence being the dominant processes. Following treatment, the phenotypic and transcriptional profile of CD8+ T cells diverged between responders and nonresponders. Response to therapy correlated with upregulation of costimulatory, and downregulation of apoptotic and inhibitory, T cell signaling pathways, indicative of restoration of T cell function. In functional studies, AML blasts directly altered CD8+ T cell viability, expansion, co-signaling and senescence marker expression. This CD8+ T cell dysfunction was in part reversible upon PD-1 blockade or OX40 costimulation in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the uniqueness of AML in sculpting CD8+ T cell responses and the plasticity of their signatures upon chemotherapy response, providing a compelling rationale for integration of novel immunotherapies to augment antileukemia immunity. FUNDING This work was supported by the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society grant no. 6449-13; NIH grants UM1-CA186691 and R01-HL110907-01; the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation New Investigator Award/Gabrielle's Angel Foundation; the Vienna Fund for Innovative Cancer Research; and by fellowships from the Wenner-Gren Foundation and the Swedish Society for Medical Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna A Knaus
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Berglund
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua F Zeidner
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raúl Montiel-Esparza
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrina Vanura
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Judith E Karp
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leo Luznik
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivana Gojo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Misra MK, Augusto DG, Martin GM, Nemat-Gorgani N, Sauter J, Hofmann JA, Traherne JA, González-Quezada B, Gorodezky C, Bultitude WP, Marin W, Vierra-Green C, Anderson KM, Balas A, Caro-Oleas JL, Cisneros E, Colucci F, Dandekar R, Elfishawi SM, Fernández-Viña MA, Fouda M, González-Fernández R, Große A, Herrero-Mata MJ, Hollenbach SQ, Marsh SGE, Mentzer A, Middleton D, Moffett A, Moreno-Hidalgo MA, Mossallam GI, Nakimuli A, Oksenberg JR, Oppenheimer SJ, Parham P, Petzl-Erler ML, Planelles D, Sánchez-García F, Sánchez-Gordo F, Schmidt AH, Trowsdale J, Vargas LB, Vicario JL, Vilches C, Norman PJ, Hollenbach JA. Report from the Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) component of the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:825-833. [PMID: 30321631 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The goals of the KIR component of the 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop (IHIW) were to encourage and educate researchers to begin analyzing KIR at allelic resolution, and to survey the nature and extent of KIR allelic diversity across human populations. To represent worldwide diversity, we analyzed 1269 individuals from ten populations, focusing on the most polymorphic KIR genes, which express receptors having three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains (KIR3DL1/S1, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL3). We identified 13 novel alleles of KIR3DL1/S1, 13 of KIR3DL2 and 18 of KIR3DL3. Previously identified alleles, corresponding to 33 alleles of KIR3DL1/S1, 38 of KIR3DL2, and 43 of KIR3DL3, represented over 90% of the observed allele frequencies for these genes. In total we observed 37 KIR3DL1/S1 allotypes, 40 for KIR3DL2 and 44 for KIR3DL3. As KIR allotype diversity can affect NK cell function, this demonstrates potential for high functional diversity worldwide. Allelic variation further diversifies KIR haplotypes. We determined KIR3DL3 ∼ KIR3DL1/S1 ∼ KIR3DL2 haplotypes from five of the studied populations, and observed multiple population-specific haplotypes in each. This included 234 distinct haplotypes in European Americans, 191 in Ugandans, 35 in Papuans, 95 in Egyptians and 86 in Spanish populations. For another 35 populations, encompassing 642,105 individuals we focused on KIR3DL2 and identified another 375 novel alleles, with approximately half of them observed in more than one individual. The KIR allelic level data gathered from this project represents the most comprehensive summary of global KIR allelic diversity to date, and continued analysis will improve understanding of KIR allelic polymorphism in global populations. Further, the wealth of new data gathered in the course of this workshop component highlights the value of collaborative, community-based efforts in immunogenetics research, exemplified by the IHIW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh K Misra
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Montero Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Betsy González-Quezada
- Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, InDRE, Secretary of Health, Francisco P. Miranda #177, Colonia Lomas de Plateros, Del. Álvaro Obregón, CP 01480, Mexico City, Mexico; Fundación Comparte Vida, A.C. Galileo #92, Col. Polanco, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11550 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Gorodezky
- Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, InDRE, Secretary of Health, Francisco P. Miranda #177, Colonia Lomas de Plateros, Del. Álvaro Obregón, CP 01480, Mexico City, Mexico; Fundación Comparte Vida, A.C. Galileo #92, Col. Polanco, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11550 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Will P Bultitude
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and UCL Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Wesley Marin
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cynthia Vierra-Green
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kirsten M Anderson
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Antonio Balas
- Histocompatibility, Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Caro-Oleas
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, Banc de Sang i Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Cisneros
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ravi Dandekar
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Merhan Fouda
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute and UCL Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Alex Mentzer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, and Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ashley Moffett
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jorge R Oksenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Dolores Planelles
- Histocompatibility, Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luciana B Vargas
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jose L Vicario
- Histocompatibility, Centro de Transfusión de la Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Immunology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045, United States
| | - Jill A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Misra MK, Damotte V, Hollenbach JA. The immunogenetics of neurological disease. Immunology 2018; 153:399-414. [PMID: 29159928 PMCID: PMC5838423 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding antigen-presenting molecules within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) account for the highest component of genetic risk for many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Myriad genetic, immunological and environmental factors may contribute to an individual's susceptibility to neurological disease. Here, we review and discuss the decades long research on the influence of genetic variation at the MHC locus and the role of immunogenetic killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) loci in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, myasthenia gravis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The findings of immunogenetic association studies are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance in the heterogeneous and multifactorial nature of complex traits in various neurological diseases. Future investigation is highly recommended to evaluate both coding and non-coding variation in immunogenetic loci using high-throughput high-resolution next-generation sequencing technologies in diverse ethnic groups to fully appreciate their role in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh K. Misra
- Department of NeurologySan Francisco School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Department of NeurologySan Francisco School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Jill A. Hollenbach
- Department of NeurologySan Francisco School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCAUSA
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Evaluation of the Relationship between Alopecia Areata and Viral Antigen Exposure. Am J Clin Dermatol 2018; 19:119-126. [PMID: 28801732 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring alopecia with T-cell infiltration at the affected hair follicle. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the potential link between hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen exposure and AA. METHODS Two pediatric patients with AA following hepatitis B vaccination were identified in a general dermatology clinic. A bioinformatics analysis and an electronic medical record (EMR) database query were performed at the University of Rochester Medical Center to identify patients with AA, coexisting viral infections, vaccinations, or interferon (IFN) therapy in order to determine if the presence of AA and these conditions was higher than in AA patients without these associated conditions or therapy. RESULTS An increased frequency of AA among those who received the HBV surface protein antigen [odds ratio (OR) 2.7, p < 0.0001] was identified, and an independent analysis revealed an increased frequency of AA in those receiving IFN-β treatment (OR 8.1, p < 0.05). One potential antigenic target identified was SLC45A2, a melanosomal transport protein important in skin and hair pigmentation. The longest potential vaccine peptide fragment match (8-mer) was to a segment of natural killer (NK) cell inhibitory receptors, KIR3DL2 and KIR3DL1. Predictive modeling of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide binding demonstrated potential binding of this peptide to MHC relevant to AA. LIMITATIONS The results will need to be verified in additional patient databases allowing analysis of temporal relationships, and with molecular experiments of the identified antigens. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm associations between viral infection and IFN treatment with AA. It establishes that the hepatitis B surface protein antigen has shared epitopes with human killer immunoglobulin-like receptors.
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Subramanian N, Wu Z, Reister F, Sampaio KL, Frascaroli G, Cicin-Sain L, Mertens T. Naïve T cells are activated by autologous HCMV-infected endothelial cells through NKG2D and can control HCMV transmission in vitro. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:3068-3085. [PMID: 29165229 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from classical antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells and macrophages, there are semiprofessional APCs such as endothelial cells (ECs) and Langerhans' cells. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects a wide range of cell types including the ECs which are involved in the trafficking and homing of T cells. By investigating the interaction of naïve T cells obtained from HCMV-seronegative umbilical cord blood with autologous HCMV-infected human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), we could show that the activation of naïve T cells occurred after 1 day of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) exposure to HCMV-infected HUVECs. The percentage of activated T cells increased over time and the activation of naïve T cells was not induced by either autologous uninfected HUVECs or by autologous HCMV-infected fibroblasts. The activation of T cells occurred also when purified T cells were co-cultured with HCMV-infected HUVECs. In addition, in most of the donors only CD8+ T cells were activated, when the purified T cells were exposed to HCMV-infected HUVECs. The activation of naïve T cells was inhibited when the NKG2D receptor was blocked on the surface of T cells and among the different NKG2D ligands, we identified two ligands (ULBP4 and MICA) on HCMV-infected HUVECs which might be the interaction partners of the NKG2D receptor. Using a functional cell culture assay, we could show that these activated naïve T cells specifically inhibited HCMV transmission. Altogether, we identified a novel specific activation mechanism of naïve T cells from the umbilical cord by HCMV-infected autologous HUVECs through interaction with NKG2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeguang Wu
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Reister
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Giada Frascaroli
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Location Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Hölzemer A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Altfeld M. Natural Killer Cell Interactions with Classical and Non-Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I in HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1496. [PMID: 29184550 PMCID: PMC5694438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are able to mount a multifaceted antiviral response within hours following infection. This is achieved through an array of cell surface receptors surveilling host cells for alterations in human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) expression and other ligands as signs of viral infection, malignant transformation, and cellular stress. This interaction between HLA-I ligands and NK-cell receptor is not only important for recognition of diseased cells but also mediates tuning of NK-cell-effector functions. HIV-1 alters the expression of HLA-I ligands on infected cells, rendering them susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing. However, over the past years, various HIV-1 evasion strategies have been discovered to target NK-cell-receptor ligands and allow the virus to escape from NK cell-mediated immunity. While studies have been mainly focusing on the role of polymorphic HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules, less is known about how HIV-1 affects the more conserved, non-classical HLA-I molecules HLA-E, -G, and -F. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in understanding the role of non-classical HLA-I ligands in NK cell-mediated recognition of HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Hölzemer
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Altfeld
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Littera R, Piredda G, Argiolas D, Lai S, Congeddu E, Ragatzu P, Melis M, Carta E, Michittu MB, Valentini D, Cappai L, Porcella R, Alba F, Serra M, Loi V, Maddi R, Orrù S, La Nasa G, Caocci G, Cusano R, Arras M, Frongia M, Pani A, Carcassi C. KIR and their HLA Class I ligands: Two more pieces towards completing the puzzle of chronic rejection and graft loss in kidney transplantation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180831. [PMID: 28686681 PMCID: PMC5501603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, despite progress in surgical techniques and patient management, immunological rejection continues to have a negative impact on graft function and overall survival. Incompatibility between donors and recipients for human leukocyte antigens (HLA) of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) generates a series of complex cellular and humoral immune response mechanisms that are largely responsible for rejection and loss of graft function. Within this context, a growing amount of evidence shows that alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the immune response mechanisms elicited by the allograft. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are prominent mediators of NK cell alloreactivity. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cohort of 174 first cadaveric kidney allograft recipients and their donors were selected from a total cohort of 657 transplanted patients for retrospective immunogenetic analyses. Patients with HLA Class II mismatches were excluded. HLA Class I allele frequencies were compared among patients with chronic rejection, patients with stable graft function and a group of 2388 healthy controls. Activating and inhibitory KIR gene frequencies, KIR haplotypes, KIR-HLA ligand matches/mismatches and combinations of recipient KIRs and donor HLA Class I ligands were compared among patients with and without chronic rejection and a group of 221 healthy controls. Patients transplanted from donors homozygous for HLA-C1 antigens had a significantly higher risk for chronic rejection than patients transplanted from donors homozygous or heterozygous for HLA-C2 antigens or with epitopes belonging to the HLA-Bw4 ligand group. The Kaplan-Meier curves obtained by dividing the patients into 3 groups according to the presence or absence of one or both of the combinations of recipient KIRs and donor HLA ligands (rKIR2DL1/dHLA-C2 and rKIR3DL1/dHLA-Bw4) showed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of chronic rejection in the group of patients completely lacking these functional units. These patients showed a progressively stronger decline in modification of diet in renal disease-estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS KIR genotyping should be performed at the time of enrolment of patients on the waiting list for organ transplantation. In our study, a significantly higher risk of chronic rejection after kidney transplantation was observed when recipient (r) and donor (d) pairs completely lacked the two functional rKIR-dHLA ligand combinations rKIR2DL1/dHLA-C2 and rKIR3DL1/dHLA-Bw4. This immunogenetic profile corresponds to low levels of NK cell inhibition. Therefore, patients with this high risk profile could benefit from immunosuppressive therapy aimed at reducing NK-cell cytotoxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cadaver
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Graft Rejection/genetics
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Graft Survival/genetics
- HLA-B Antigens/genetics
- HLA-B Antigens/immunology
- HLA-C Antigens/genetics
- HLA-C Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility
- Humans
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/immunology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery
- Kidney Transplantation
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Ligands
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, KIR2DL1/genetics
- Receptors, KIR2DL1/immunology
- Receptors, KIR3DL1/genetics
- Receptors, KIR3DL1/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Unrelated Donors
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Littera
- Regional Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Gianbenedetto Piredda
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Renal Dieases, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Davide Argiolas
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Renal Dieases, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Lai
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Elena Congeddu
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Renal Dieases, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Ragatzu
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Renal Dieases, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Melis
- Regional Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Carta
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Renal Dieases, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Benigna Michittu
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Department of Renal Dieases, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Luisella Cappai
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Rita Porcella
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alba
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Valentina Loi
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Roberta Maddi
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Sandro Orrù
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio La Nasa
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caocci
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Cusano
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development (CRS4) Biomedical Sector, "Polaris" Technology Park, Pula, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcella Arras
- Bone Marrow Transplant Center, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
| | - Mauro Frongia
- Complex Structure of Urology, Kidney Transplantation and Robotic Surgery, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonello Pani
- Complex Structure of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Renal Diseases, G. Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Carcassi
- Medical Genetics, R. Binaghi Hospital, ASSL Cagliari, ATS Sardegna, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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59
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Kyaw T, Peter K, Li Y, Tipping P, Toh BH, Bobik A. Cytotoxic lymphocytes and atherosclerosis: significance, mechanisms and therapeutic challenges. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3956-3972. [PMID: 28471481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes encompass natural killer lymphocytes (cells) and cytotoxic T cells that include CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) T cells, γ, δ (γδ)-T cells and human CD4 + CD28- T cells. These cells play critical roles in inflammatory diseases and in controlling cancers and infections. Cytotoxic lymphocytes can be activated via a number of mechanisms that may involve dendritic cells, macrophages, cytokines or surface proteins on stressed cells. Upon activation, they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxins to promote inflammation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions including vulnerable lesions, which are strongly implicated in myocardial infarctions and strokes. Here, we review the mechanisms that activate and regulate cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, including activating and inhibitory receptors, cytokines, chemokine receptors-chemokine systems utilized to home to inflamed lesions and cytotoxins and cytokines through which they affect other cells within lesions. We also examine their roles in human and mouse models of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms by which they exert their pathogenic effects. Finally, we discuss strategies for therapeutically targeting these cells to prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions and vulnerable plaques and the challenge of developing highly targeted therapies that only minimally affect the body's immune system, avoiding the complications, such as increased susceptibility to infections, which are currently associated with many immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Kyaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yi Li
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Peter Tipping
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ban-Hock Toh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Alex Bobik
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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60
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Ferreira LRP, Ferreira FM, Nakaya HI, Deng X, Cândido DDS, de Oliveira LC, Billaud JN, Lanteri MC, Rigaud VOC, Seielstad M, Kalil J, Fernandes F, Ribeiro ALP, Sabino EC, Cunha-Neto E. Blood Gene Signatures of Chagas Cardiomyopathy With or Without Ventricular Dysfunction. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:387-395. [PMID: 28003350 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects 7 million people in Latin American areas of endemicity. About 30% of infected patients will develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), an inflammatory cardiomyopathy characterized by hypertrophy, fibrosis, and myocarditis. Further studies are necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease progression. Transcriptome analysis has been increasingly used to identify molecular changes associated with disease outcomes. We thus assessed the whole-blood transcriptome of patients with Chagas disease. Microarray analysis was performed on blood samples from 150 subjects, of whom 30 were uninfected control patients and 120 had Chagas disease (1 group had asymptomatic disease, and 2 groups had CCC with either a preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]). Each Chagas disease group displayed distinct gene expression and functional pathway profiles. The most different expression patterns were between CCC groups with a preserved or reduced LVEF. A more stringent analysis indicated that 27 differentially expressed genes, particularly those related to natural killer (NK)/CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity, separated the 2 groups. NK/CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity could play a role in determining Chagas disease progression. Understanding genes associated with disease may lead to improved insight into CCC pathogenesis and the identification of prognostic factors for CCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology and.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology, National Institute of Science and Technology, and.,Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, and
| | - Frederico Moraes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology and.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology, National Institute of Science and Technology, and.,Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, and
| | - Helder Imoto Nakaya
- Department of Pathophysiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and.,Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute and.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Darlan da Silva Cândido
- Laboratory of Immunology and.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology, National Institute of Science and Technology, and
| | - Lea Campos de Oliveira
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, University of São Paulo
| | | | - Marion C Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research Institute and.,Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and
| | - Vagner Oliveira-Carvalho Rigaud
- Laboratory of Immunology and.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology, National Institute of Science and Technology, and
| | - Mark Seielstad
- Blood Systems Research Institute and.,Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology and.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology, National Institute of Science and Technology, and
| | | | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- Hospital das Clínicas and.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, University of São Paulo
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology and.,Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine.,Institute for Investigation in Immunology, National Institute of Science and Technology, and
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61
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Barbarin A, Cayssials E, Jacomet F, Nunez NG, Basbous S, Lefèvre L, Abdallah M, Piccirilli N, Morin B, Lavoue V, Catros V, Piaggio E, Herbelin A, Gombert JM. Phenotype of NK-Like CD8(+) T Cells with Innate Features in Humans and Their Relevance in Cancer Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:316. [PMID: 28396661 PMCID: PMC5366313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional T cells are defined by their capacity to respond to signals other than the well-known complex of peptides and major histocompatibility complex proteins. Among the burgeoning family of unconventional T cells, innate-like CD8(+) T cells in the mouse were discovered in the early 2000s. This subset of CD8(+) T cells bears a memory phenotype without having encountered a foreign antigen and can respond to innate-like IL-12 + IL-18 stimulation. Although the concept of innate memory CD8(+) T cells is now well established in mice, whether an equivalent memory NK-like T-cell population exists in humans remains under debate. We recently reported that CD8(+) T cells responding to innate-like IL-12 + IL-18 stimulation and co-expressing the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) and KIR/NKG2A membrane receptors with a memory/EMRA phenotype may represent a new, functionally distinct innate T cell subset in humans. In this review, after a summary on the known innate CD8(+) T-cell features in the mouse, we propose Eomes together with KIR/NKG2A and CD49d as a signature to standardize the identification of this innate CD8(+) T-cell subset in humans. Next, we discuss IL-4 and IL-15 involvement in the generation of innate CD8(+) T cells and particularly its possible dependency on the promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger factor expressing iNKT cells, an innate T cell subset well documented for its susceptibility to tumor immune subversion. After that, focusing on cancer diseases, we provide new insights into the potential role of these innate CD8(+) T cells in a physiopathological context in humans. Based on empirical data obtained in cases of chronic myeloid leukemia, a myeloproliferative syndrome controlled by the immune system, and in solid tumors, we observe both the possible contribution of innate CD8(+) T cells to cancer disease control and their susceptibility to tumor immune subversion. Finally, we note that during tumor progression, innate CD8(+) T lymphocytes could be controlled by immune checkpoints. This study significantly contributes to understanding of the role of NK-like CD8(+) T cells and raises the question of the possible involvement of an iNKT/innate CD8(+) T cell axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Barbarin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Cayssials
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Biologique, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Florence Jacomet
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Gonzalo Nunez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France; SiRIC Translational Immunotherapy Team, Translational Research Department, Research Center, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sara Basbous
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Myriam Abdallah
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Lavoue
- INSERM U1242, Rennes, France; CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique Catros
- CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; INSERM U991, Rennes, France; CRB Santé de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France; SiRIC Translational Immunotherapy Team, Translational Research Department, Research Center, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - André Herbelin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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62
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Composition and dynamics of the uterine NK cell KIR repertoire in menstrual blood. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:322-331. [PMID: 27271316 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Uterine natural killer (NK) cells are abundantly present in endometrium and decidua. Their function is governed by interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and cognate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands. These interactions have implications for reproductive success. Whereas most uterine NK cells are known to express KIRs, little information is available about KIR repertoire formation and stability over time. This is primarily due to inherent difficulties in gaining access to human uterine tissue. As endometrial immune cells are shed during menstruation, menstrual blood may serve as a source for studies of KIRs on uterine NK cells. Here, we performed a combined assessment of six inhibitory and activating KIRs on uterine NK cells from paired menstrual and peripheral blood. Menstrual blood contained a high frequency of uterine NK cells expressing KIRs. The uterine NK cell KIR repertoires were markedly different from those in peripheral blood NK cells, biased toward KIR2D-receptor expression, and formed independently of selection conferred by cognate HLA class I molecules. Moreover, uterine NKG2C+self-KIR+ NK cell expansions were detected. Finally, the distinct KIR repertoires of uterine NK cells were stable over multiple menstrual cycles. Our results provide novel insight into KIR repertoire formation on human uterine NK cells.
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63
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Jacomet F, Cayssials E, Barbarin A, Desmier D, Basbous S, Lefèvre L, Levescot A, Robin A, Piccirilli N, Giraud C, Guilhot F, Roy L, Herbelin A, Gombert JM. The Hypothesis of the Human iNKT/Innate CD8(+) T-Cell Axis Applied to Cancer: Evidence for a Deficiency in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Front Immunol 2017; 7:688. [PMID: 28138330 PMCID: PMC5237805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified a new human subset of NK-like [KIR/NKG2A(+)] CD8(+) T cells with a marked/memory phenotype, high Eomesodermin expression, potent antigen-independent cytotoxic activity, and the capacity to generate IFN-γ rapidly after exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines. These features support the hypothesis that this new member of the innate T cell family in humans, hereafter referred to as innate CD8(+) T cells, has a role in cancer immune surveillance analogous to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Here, we report the first quantitative and functional analysis of innate CD8(+) T cells in a physiopathological context in humans, namely chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a well-characterized myeloproliferative disorder. We have chosen CML based on our previous report that IL-4 production by iNKT cells was deficient in CML patients at diagnosis and considering the recent evidence in mice that IL-4 promotes the generation/differentiation of innate CD8(+) T cells. We found that the pool of innate CD8(+) T cells was severely reduced in the blood of CML patients at diagnosis. Moreover, like iNKT and NK cells, innate CD8(+) T cells were functionally impaired, as attested by their loss of antigen-independent cytotoxic activity and IFN-γ production in response to innate-like stimulation with IL-12 + IL-18. Remarkably, as previously reported for IL-4 production by iNKT cells, both quantitative and functional deficiencies of innate CD8(+) T cells were at least partially corrected in patients having achieved complete cytogenetic remission following tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Finally, direct correlation between the functional potential of innate CD8(+) T and iNKT cells was found when considering all healthy donors and CML patients in diagnosis and remission, in accordance with the iNKT cell-dependent generation of innate CD8(+) T cells reported in mice. All in all, our data demonstrate that CML is associated with deficiencies of innate CD8(+) T cells that are restored upon remission, thereby suggesting their possible contribution to disease control. More generally, our study strongly supports the existence of an innate iNKT/innate CD8(+) T-cell axis in humans and reveals its potential contribution to the restoration of tumor immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Jacomet
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Cayssials
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Biologique, Poitiers, France
| | - Alice Barbarin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Deborah Desmier
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Service d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Biologique, Poitiers, France
| | - Sara Basbous
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lucie Lefèvre
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Aurélie Robin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Christine Giraud
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-Atlantique, Site de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - François Guilhot
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; INSERM CIC-1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Lydia Roy
- INSERM CIC-1402, Poitiers, France; Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - André Herbelin
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France; Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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64
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Keib A, Günther PS, Faist B, Halenius A, Busch DH, Neuenhahn M, Jahn G, Dennehy KM. Presentation of a Conserved Adenoviral Epitope on HLA-C*0702 Allows Evasion of Natural Killer but Not T Cell Responses. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:149-156. [PMID: 28085643 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with adenovirus is a major cause of infectious mortality in children following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. While adoptive transfer of epitope-specific T cells is a particularly effective therapeutic approach, there are few suitable adenoviral peptide epitopes described to date. Here, we describe the adenoviral peptide epitope FRKDVNMVL from hexon protein, and its variant FRKDVNMIL, that is restricted by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C*0702. Since HLA-C*0702 can be recognized by both T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, we characterized responses by both cell types. T cells specific for FRKDVNMVL were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells expanded from eight of ten healthy HLA-typed donors by peptide-HLA multimer staining, and could also be detected by cultured interferon γ ELISpot assays. Surprisingly, HLA-C*0702 was not downregulated during infection, in contrast to the marked downregulation of HLA-A*0201, suggesting that adenovirus cannot evade T cell responses to HLA-C*0702-restricted peptide epitopes. By contrast, NK responses were inhibited following adenoviral peptide presentation. Notably, presentation of the FRKDVNMVL peptide enhanced binding of HLA-C*0702 to the inhibitory receptor KIR2DL3 and decreased NK cytotoxic responses, suggesting that adenoviruses may use this peptide to evade NK responses. Given the immunodominance of FRKDVNMVL-specific T cell responses, apparent lack of HLA-C*0702 downregulation during infection, and the high frequency of this allotype, this peptide epitope may be particularly useful for adoptive T cell transfer therapy of adenovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Keib
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick S Günther
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Faist
- 2 Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Halenius
- 3 Institute of Virology, University Hospital Freiburg , Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- 2 Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich , Munich, Germany .,4 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Sites Tübingen and Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Neuenhahn
- 2 Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich , Munich, Germany .,4 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Sites Tübingen and Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Jahn
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kevin M Dennehy
- 1 Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany .,4 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Partner Sites Tübingen and Munich, Germany
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65
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Béziat V, Hilton HG, Norman PJ, Traherne JA. Deciphering the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor system at super-resolution for natural killer and T-cell biology. Immunology 2016; 150:248-264. [PMID: 27779741 PMCID: PMC5290243 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are components of two fundamental biological systems essential for human health and survival. First, they contribute to host immune responses, both innate and adaptive, through their expression by natural killer cells and T cells. Second, KIR play a key role in regulating placentation, and hence reproductive success. Analogous to the diversity of their human leucocyte antigen class I ligands, KIR are extremely polymorphic. In this review, we describe recent developments, fuelled by methodological advances, that are helping to decipher the KIR system in terms of haplotypes, polymorphisms, expression patterns and their ligand interactions. These developments are delivering deeper insight into the relevance of KIR in immune system function, evolution and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hugo G Hilton
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Norman
- Departments of Structural Biology and Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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66
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Ishiyama K, Kitawaki T, Sugimoto N, Sozu T, Anzai N, Okada M, Nohgawa M, Hatanaka K, Arima N, Ishikawa T, Tabata S, Onaka T, Oka S, Nakabo Y, Amakawa R, Matsui M, Moriguchi T, Takaori-Kondo A, Kadowaki N. Principal component analysis uncovers cytomegalovirus-associated NK cell activation in Ph + leukemia patients treated with dasatinib. Leukemia 2016; 31:203-212. [PMID: 27349810 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dasatinib treatment markedly increases the number of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) in a proportion of Ph+ leukemia patients, which associates with a better prognosis. The lymphocytosis is predominantly observed in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive patients, yet detectable CMV reactivation exists only in a small fraction of patients. Thus, etiology of the lymphocytosis still remains unclear. Here, we identified NK cells as the dominant LGLs expanding in dasatinib-treated patients, and applied principal component analysis (PCA) to an extensive panel of NK cell markers to explore underlying factors in NK cell activation. PCA displayed phenotypic divergence of NK cells that reflects CMV-associated differentiation and genetic differences, and the divergence was markedly augmented in CMV-seropositive dasatinib-treated patients. Notably, the CMV-associated highly differentiated status of NK cells was already observed at leukemia diagnosis, and was further enhanced after starting dasatinib in virtually all CMV-seropositive patients. Thus, the extensive characterization of NK cells by PCA strongly suggests that CMV is an essential factor in the NK cell activation, which progresses stepwise during leukemia and subsequent dasatinib treatment most likely by subclinical CMV reactivation. This study provides a rationale for the exploitation of CMV-associated NK cell activation for treatment of leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Kitawaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Sugimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Sozu
- Department of Management Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Anzai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - M Okada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - M Nohgawa
- Department of Hematology, Wakayama Red Cross Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - K Hatanaka
- Department of Hematology, Wakayama Red Cross Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - N Arima
- Department of Hematology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Tabata
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - T Onaka
- Department of Hematology, Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyusyu, Japan
| | - S Oka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shiga Medical Center for Adults, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Y Nakabo
- The Center for Hematological Diseases, Takeda General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - R Amakawa
- Department of Hematology, The Japan Baptist Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Matsui
- Department of Hematology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Moriguchi
- Department of Hematology, Kyoto-Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Kadowaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Goodridge JP, Önfelt B, Malmberg KJ. Newtonian cell interactions shape natural killer cell education. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:197-213. [PMID: 26284479 PMCID: PMC4832384 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Newton's third law of motion states that for every action on a physical object there is an equal and opposite reaction. The dynamic change in functional potential of natural killer (NK) cells during education bears many features of such classical mechanics. Cumulative physical interactions between cells, under a constant influence of homeostatic drivers of differentiation, lead to a reactive spectrum that ultimately shapes the functionality of each NK cell. Inhibitory signaling from an array of self‐specific receptors appear not only to suppress self‐reactivity but also aid in the persistence of effector functions over time, thereby allowing the cell to gradually build up a functional potential. Conversely, the frequent non‐cytolytic interactions between normal cells in the absence of such inhibitory signaling result in continuous stimulation of the cells and attenuation of effector function. Although an innate cell, the degree to which the fate of the NK cell is predetermined versus its ability to adapt to its own environment can be revealed through a Newtonian view of NK cell education, one which is both chronological and dynamic. As such, the development of NK cell functional diversity is the product of qualitatively different physical interactions with host cells, rather than simply the sum of their signals or an imprint based on intrinsically different transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie P Goodridge
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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68
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Lu W, Chen S, Lai C, Lai M, Fang H, Dao H, Kang J, Fan J, Guo W, Fu L, Andrieu JM. Suppression of HIV Replication by CD8(+) Regulatory T-Cells in Elite Controllers. Front Immunol 2016; 7:134. [PMID: 27148256 PMCID: PMC4834299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated in the Chinese macaque model that an oral vaccine made of inactivated SIV and Lactobacillus plantarum induced CD8(+) regulatory T-cells, which suppressed the activation of SIV(+)CD4(+) T-cells, prevented SIV replication, and protected macaques from SIV challenges. Here, we sought whether a similar population of CD8(+) T-regs would induce the suppression of HIV replication in elite controllers (ECs), a small population (3‰) of HIV-infected patients with undetectable HIV replication. For that purpose, we investigated the in vitro antiviral activity of fresh CD8(+) T-cells on HIV-infected CD4(+) T-cells taken from 10 ECs. The 10 ECs had a classical genomic profile: all of them carried the KIR3DL1 gene and 9 carried at least 1 allele of HLA-B:Bw4-80Ile (i.e., with an isoleucine residue at position 80). In the nine HLA-B:Bw4-80Ile-positive patients, we demonstrated a strong viral suppression by KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T-cells that required cell-to-cell contact to switch off the activation signals in infected CD4(+) T-cells. KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T-cells withdrawal and KIR3DL1 neutralization by a specific anti-killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) antibody inhibited the suppression of viral replication. Our findings provide the first evidence for an instrumental role of KIR-expressing CD8(+) regulatory T-cells in the natural control of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Institut de Recherche sur les Vaccins et l'Immunothérapie des Cancers et du Sida, Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Chen
- Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chunhui Lai
- Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Mingyue Lai
- Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinghong , China
| | - Hua Fang
- Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinghong , China
| | - Hong Dao
- Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinghong , China
| | - Jun Kang
- Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinghong , China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- Xishuangbanna Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinghong , China
| | - Weizhong Guo
- Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Linchun Fu
- Sino-French Collaborative Laboratory, Tropical Medicine Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jean-Marie Andrieu
- Institut de Recherche sur les Vaccins et l'Immunothérapie des Cancers et du Sida, Université de Paris Descartes , Paris , France
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69
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Exploring the Role of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Their HLA Class I Ligands in Autoimmune Hepatitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146086. [PMID: 26744892 PMCID: PMC4712907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer cells are involved in the complex mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases but few studies have investigated their role in autoimmune hepatitis. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors are key regulators of natural killer cell-mediated immune responses. Methods and Findings KIR gene frequencies, KIR haplotypes, KIR ligands and combinations of KIRs and their HLA Class I ligands were investigated in 114 patients diagnosed with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis and compared with a group of 221 healthy controls. HLA Class I and Class II antigen frequencies were compared to those of 551 healthy unrelated families representative of the Sardinian population. In our cohort, type 1 autoimmune hepatitis was strongly associated with the HLA-B18, Cw5, DR3 haplotype. The KIR2DS1 activating KIR gene and the high affinity HLA-C2 ligands were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. Patients also had a reduced frequency of HLA-Bw4 ligands for KIR3DL1 and HLA-C1 ligands for KIR2DL3. Age at onset was significantly associated with the KIR2DS1 activating gene but not with HLA-C1 or HLA-C2 ligand groups. Conclusions The activating KIR gene KIR2DS1 resulted to have an important predictive potential for early onset of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Additionally, the low frequency of the KIR-ligand combinations KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 and KIR2DL3/HLA-C1 coupled to the high frequency of the HLA-C2 high affinity ligands for KIR2DS1 could contribute to unwanted NK cell autoreactivity in AIH-1.
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70
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Traherne JA, Jiang W, Valdes AM, Hollenbach JA, Jayaraman J, Lane JA, Johnson C, Trowsdale J, Noble JA. KIR haplotypes are associated with late-onset type 1 diabetes in European-American families. Genes Immun 2015; 17:8-12. [PMID: 26492518 PMCID: PMC4746488 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Classical human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genes confer the strongest, but not the only, genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), on natural killer (NK) cells, bind ligands including class I HLA. We examined presence or absence, with copy number, of KIR loci in 1698 individuals, from 339 multiplex type 1 diabetes families, from the Human Biological Data Interchange, previously genotyped for HLA. Combining family data with KIR copy number information allowed assignment of haplotypes using identity by descent. This is the first disease study to use KIR copy number typing and unambiguously define haplotypes by gene transmission. KIR A1 haplotypes were positively associated with T1D in the subset of patients without the high T1D risk HLA genotype, DR3/DR4 (odds ratio=1.29, P=0.0096). The data point to a role for KIR in type 1 diabetes risk in late-onset patients. In the top quartile (age of onset>14), KIR A2 haplotype was overtransmitted (63.4%, odds ratio=1.73, P=0.024) and KIR B haplotypes were undertransmitted (41.1%, odds ratio=0.70, P=0.0052) to patients. The data suggest that inhibitory ‘A' haplotypes are predisposing and stimulatory ‘B' haplotypes confer protection in both DR3/DR4-negative and late-onset patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Traherne
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Jiang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Valdes
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - J A Hollenbach
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Jayaraman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Lane
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
| | - C Johnson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Trowsdale
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A Noble
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA
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71
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Mirjačić Martinović K, Srdić-Rajić T, Babović N, Džodić R, Jurišić V, Konjević G. Decreased expression of pSTAT, IRF-1 and DAP10 signalling molecules in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with metastatic melanoma. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:300-6. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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72
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Horowitz A, Guethlein LA, Nemat-Gorgani N, Norman PJ, Cooley S, Miller JS, Parham P. Regulation of Adaptive NK Cells and CD8 T Cells by HLA-C Correlates with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and with Cytomegalovirus Reactivation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4524-36. [PMID: 26416275 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mass cytometry was used to investigate the effect of CMV reactivation on lymphocyte reconstitution in hematopoietic cell transplant patients. For eight transplant recipients (four CMV negative and four CMV positive), we studied PBMCs obtained 6 mo after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Forty cell-surface markers, distinguishing all major leukocyte populations in PBMC, were analyzed with mass cytometry. This group included 34 NK cell markers. Compared with healthy controls, transplant recipients had higher HLA-C expression on CD56(-)CD16(+) NK cells, B cells, CD33(bright) myeloid cells, and CD4CD8 T cells. The increase in HLA-C expression was greater for CMV-positive HCT recipients than for CMV negative recipients. Present in CMV-positive HCT recipients, but not in CMV-negative HCT recipients or controls, is a population of killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)-expressing CD8 T cells not previously described. These CD8 T cells coexpress CD56, CD57, and NKG2C. The HCT recipients also have a population of CD57(+)NKG2A(+) NK cells that preferentially express KIR2DL1. An inverse correlation was observed between the frequencies of CD57(+)NKG2C(+) NK cells and CD57(+)NKG2A(+) NK cells. Although CD57(+)NKG2A(+) NK cells are less abundant in CMV-positive recipients, their phenotype is of a more activated cell than the CD57(+)NKG2A(+) NK cells of controls and CMV-negative HCT recipients. These data demonstrate that HCT and CMV reactivation are associated with an increased expression of HLA-C. This could influence NK cell education during lymphocyte reconstitution. The increased inhibitory KIR expression by proliferating CMV-specific CD8 T cells suggests regulatory interactions between HLA-C and KIR might promote Graft-versus-Leukemia effects following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Horowitz
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Paul J Norman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sarah Cooley
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, School of Public Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, School of Public Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and
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73
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Negative regulation of natural killer cell in tumor tissue and peripheral blood of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cytokine 2015; 76:123-130. [PMID: 26372424 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the key lymphocytes in solid tumors. Its activity is regulated by both germline encoded receptors and cytokine microenvironment. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the activation status of NK cell in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). NK cell activation was assessed in context of NK cell cytotoxicity and transcript expression of NK cell receptors (NKp46 and KIRs) and NK cell associated cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12β, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, IFN-γ, TNF-α and TGF-β). The results revealed possible mechanisms involved in reduced NK cell activation in peripheral circulation: quantitative deficiency of NK cell number and lowered cytotoxicity together with qualitative NK impairments caused by--(1) decreased expression of NK activating receptor NKp46, (2) increased expression of NK suppressive cytokines--IL-10 and TGF-β and (3) induction of FOXP3(+)CTLA4(+) suppressor cells. On the other hand, in the tumor tissue, escape of NK immune surveillance appeared to be modulated by upregulation of TGF-β and IL-10 together with downregulation of NK cell activating cytokines (IL-2, IL-12β, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21 and IFN-γ) and NK receptors (NKp46 and KIRs). In addition, our study supported the earlier contention that TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels may be used as markers of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. In conclusion, the study provided an insight into the negative regulation of NK cell in tumor tissue and peripheral blood of OSCC patients, which can be exploited to boost the current NK cell and cytokine based immunotherapy for the treatment of oral cancer.
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74
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Van Kaer L. Innate and virtual memory T cells in man. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1916-20. [PMID: 26013879 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of the antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system is their capacity to "remember" pathogens long after they are first encountered, a property that forms the basis for effective vaccine development. However, studies in mice have provided strong evidence that some naive T cells can develop characteristics of memory T cells in the absence of foreign antigen encounters. Such innate memory T cells may develop in response to lymphopenia or the presence of high levels of the cytokine IL-4, and have also been identified in unmanipulated animals, a phenomenal referred to as "virtual memory." While the presence of innate memory T cells in mice is now widely accepted, their presence in humans has not yet been fully validated. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Jacomet et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45:1926-1933] provide the best evidence to date for innate memory T cells in humans. These findings may contribute significantly to our understanding of human immunity to microbial pathogens and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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75
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Jacomet F, Cayssials E, Basbous S, Levescot A, Piccirilli N, Desmier D, Robin A, Barra A, Giraud C, Guilhot F, Roy L, Herbelin A, Gombert JM. Evidence for eomesodermin-expressing innate-like CD8(+) KIR/NKG2A(+) T cells in human adults and cord blood samples. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1926-33. [PMID: 25903796 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polyclonal CD8(+) T cells, with a marked innate/memory phenotype, high eomesodermin (Eomes) expression, and the capacity to generate IFN-γ rapidly without prior exposure to antigen, have been described in mice. However, even though a pool of human CD8(+) T cells expressing killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs) was recently documented, the existence of a human equivalent of murine innate/memory CD8(+) T cells remains to be established. Here, we provide evidence for a population of KIR/NKG2A(+) CD8(+) T cells in healthy human adults sharing the same features, namely increased Eomes expression, prompt IFN-γ production in response to innate-like stimulation by IL-12+IL-18, and a potent antigen-independent cytotoxic activity along with a preferential terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype. None of the above functional characteristics applied to the KIR/NKG2A(-) fraction of the Eomes(+) CD8(+) T-cell population, thereby underlining the ability of KIR/NKG2A to distinguish between "innate/memory-like" and "conventional/memory" pools of CD8(+) T cells. Remarkably, KIR/NKG2A(+) Eomes(+) CD8(+) T cells with innate-like functions and a memory/terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype were also identified in human cord blood, suggesting that their development did not depend on cognate antigens. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that CD8(+) T cells co-expressing Eomes and KIR/NKG2A may represent a new, functionally distinct "innate/memory-like" subset in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Jacomet
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Cayssials
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sara Basbous
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France.,INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Deborah Desmier
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Aurélie Robin
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Barra
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Christine Giraud
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang Centre-Atlantique, Site de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - François Guilhot
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre d'investigation clinique INSERM-1402, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
| | - Lydia Roy
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Centre d'investigation clinique INSERM-1402, Poitiers, France.,Service d'Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
| | - André Herbelin
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,INSERM 1082, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gombert
- INSERM UMR S935, Poitiers and Villejuif, France.,Service d'Immunologie et Inflammation, Poitiers, France.,CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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76
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Gras Navarro A, Björklund AT, Chekenya M. Therapeutic potential and challenges of natural killer cells in treatment of solid tumors. Front Immunol 2015; 6:202. [PMID: 25972872 PMCID: PMC4413815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that hold tremendous potential for effective immunotherapy for a broad range of cancers. Due to the mode of NK cell killing, requiring one-to-one target engagement and site-directed release of cytolytic granules, the therapeutic potential of NK cells has been most extensively explored in hematological malignancies. However, their ability to precisely kill antibody coated cells, cancer stem cells, and genotoxically altered cells, while maintaining tolerance to healthy cells makes them appealing therapeutic effectors for all cancer forms, including metastases. Due to their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NK cells may potently reverse the anti-inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) and augment adaptive immune responses by promoting differentiation, activation, and/or recruitment of accessory immune cells to sites of malignancy. Nevertheless, integrated and coordinated mechanisms of subversion of NK cell activity against the tumor and its microenvironment exist. Although our understanding of the receptor ligand interactions that regulate NK cell functionality has evolved remarkably, the diversity of ligands and receptors is complex, as is their mechanistic foundations in regulating NK cell function. In this article, we review the literature and highlight how the TME manipulates the NK cell phenotypes, genotypes, and tropism to evade tumor recognition and elimination. We discuss counter strategies that may be adopted to augment the efficacy of NK cell anti-tumor surveillance, the clinical trials that have been undertaken so far in solid malignancies, critically weighing the challenges and opportunities with this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas T Björklund
- Karolinska University Hospital, Hematology Center and Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Martha Chekenya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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77
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Haymaker CL, Wu RC, Ritthipichai K, Bernatchez C, Forget MA, Chen JQ, Liu H, Wang E, Marincola F, Hwu P, Radvanyi LG. BTLA marks a less-differentiated tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subset in melanoma with enhanced survival properties. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1014246. [PMID: 26405566 PMCID: PMC4570103 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent adoptive cell therapy (ACT) clinical trial using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic melanoma, we found an association between CD8+ T cells expressing the inhibitory receptor B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and clinical response. Here, we further characterized this CD8+BTLA+ TIL subset and their CD8+BTLA− counterparts. We found that the CD8+ BTLA+ TILs had an increased response to IL-2, were less-differentiated effector-memory (TEM) cells, and persisted longer in vivo after infusion. In contrast, CD8+BTLA− TILs failed to proliferate and expressed genes associated with T-cell deletion/tolerance. Paradoxically, activation of BTLA signaling by its ligand, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), inhibited T-cell division and cytokine production, but also activated the Akt/PKB pathway thus protecting CD8+BTLA+ TILs from apoptosis. Our results point to a new role of BTLA as a useful T-cell differentiation marker in ACT and a dual signaling molecule that curtails T-cell activation while also conferring a survival advantage for CD8+ T cells. These attributes may explain our previous observation that BTLA expression on CD8+ TILs correlates with clinical response to adoptive T-cell therapy in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Richard C Wu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; MD/PhD Program; University of Texas Medical School at Houston ; Houston, TX USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences ; Houston, TX USA ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Internal Medicine ; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Krit Ritthipichai
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology; University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Internal Medicine ; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA
| | - Jie Qing Chen
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section; Department of Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ena Wang
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section; Department of Transfusion Medicine; Clinical Center and trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA ; Sidra Medical Research Hospital ; Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Surgery Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda, MD USA ; Department of Immunology; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA
| | - Laszlo G Radvanyi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston, TX USA ; Lion Biotechnologies ; Tampa, FL USA ; Department of Immunology; H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center ; Tampa, FL USA
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Strauss-Albee DM, Horowitz A, Parham P, Blish CA. Coordinated regulation of NK receptor expression in the maturing human immune system. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:4871-9. [PMID: 25288567 PMCID: PMC4225175 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are responsible for recognizing and killing transformed, stressed, and infected cells. They recognize a set of non-Ag-specific features termed "altered self" through combinatorial signals from activating and inhibitory receptors. These NKRs are also expressed on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, B cells, and monocytes, although a comprehensive inventory of NKR expression patterns across leukocyte lineages has never been performed. Using mass cytometry, we found that NKR expression patterns distinguish cell lineages in human peripheral blood. In individuals with high levels of CD57, indicative of a mature immune repertoire, NKRs are more likely to be expressed on non-NK cells, especially CD8(+) T cells. Mature NK and CD8(+) T cell populations show increased diversity of NKR surface expression patterns, but with distinct determinants: mature NK cells acquire primarily inhibitory receptors, whereas CD8(+) T cells attain a specific subset of both activating and inhibitory receptors, potentially imbuing them with a distinct functional role. Concurrently, monocytes show decreased expression of the generalized inhibitory receptor leukocyte Ig-like receptor subfamily b member 1, consistent with an increased activation threshold. Therefore, NKR expression is coordinately regulated as the immune system matures, resulting in the transfer of "altered self" recognition potential among leukocyte lineages. This likely reduces Ag specificity in the mature human immune system, and implies that vaccines and therapeutics that engage both its innate and adaptive branches may be more effective in the settings of aging and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara M Strauss-Albee
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Peter Parham
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Stanford Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;
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79
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Protective genotypes in HIV infection reflect superior function of KIR3DS1+ over KIR3DL1+ CD8+ T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 93:67-76. [PMID: 25112829 PMCID: PMC4500641 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Certain human class I histocompatibility-linked leukocyte antigen (HLA)/killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypic combinations confer more favourable prognoses upon exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These combinations influence natural killer (NK) cell function, thereby implicating NK cells in protection from HIV infection or disease progression. Because CD8(+) T cells restrict HIV replication, depend upon HLA class I antigen presentation and can also express KIR molecules, we investigated how these HLA/KIR combinations relate to the phenotype and function of CD8(+) T cells from uninfected controls and individuals with chronic HIV infection. CD8(+) T cells from KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS1 homozygous individuals, and expressing the corresponding KIR, were enumerated and phenotyped for CD127, CD57 and CD45RA expression. Ex vivo and in vitro responsiveness to antigen-specific and polyclonal stimulation was compared between KIR-expressing and non-expressing CD8(+) T cells by interferon-γ production. There were higher numbers and fractions of KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T cells in HIV-infected individuals independent of HLA-Bw4 co-expression, whereas expansion of KIR3DS1-expressing CD8(+) T cells reflected HLA-Bw4*80I co-expression. KIR3DL1(+) and S1(+) CD8(+) T cells were predominantly CD127(-)CD57(+)CD45RA(+). KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T cells were insensitive to ex vivo stimulation with peptides from HIV or common viruses, but responded to anti-CD3 and recovered responsiveness to common viruses in vitro. Ex vivo non-responsiveness of KIR3DL1-expressing CD8(+) T cells was also independent of HLA-Bw4. KIR3DS1-expressing T cells responded normally to ex vivo antigenic stimulation, illustrating functional superiority over KIR3DL1(+) CD8(+) T cells.
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80
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Vidal-Castiñeira JR, López-Vázquez A, Martínez-Borra J, Martínez-Camblor P, Prieto J, López-Rodríguez R, Sanz-Cameno P, de la Vega J, Rodrigo L, Pérez-López R, Pérez-Álvarez R, López-Larrea C. Diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes and KIR2DL2/3 variants in HCV treatment outcome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99426. [PMID: 24927414 PMCID: PMC4057177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of KIR haplotypes and the KIR2DL2/3 alleles in chronic HCV-infected patients in order to establish the influence on the response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin classical treatment. The alleles study of previously associated KIR2DL2/3 showed that KIR2DL2*001 was more frequent in non-SVR (NSVR) (42.2% vs. 27.5%, p<0.05) and KIR2DL3*001 was associated with sustained viral response (SVR) (41.6% vs. 61.2%, p<0.005). The KIR2DL3*001-HLA-C1 association was also significant (24.5% vs. 45.7%, p<0.001). From the frequencies of KIR obtained, 35 genotypes were assigned on the basis of previous studies. The centromeric A/A genotype was more frequent in SVR (44.1% vs. 34.5%, p<0.005) and the centromeric B/B genotype was found to be significantly more frequent in NSVR (20.9% vs. 11.2%, p<0.001). The logic regression model showed the importance of KIR genes in predicting the response to combined treatment, since the positive predictive value (PPV) was improved (from 55.9% to 75.3%) when the analysis of KIR was included in addition to the IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism. The study of KIR receptors may be a powerful tool for predicting the combined treatment response in patients with chronic HCV infection in association with the determination of IFNL3 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Prieto
- Liver Unit and Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosario López-Rodríguez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz-Cameno
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan de la Vega
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Spain
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa Pérez-López
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Álvarez
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Immunology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Fundación Renal Iñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
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81
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Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression on lymphocyte subsets in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-β: evaluation as biomarkers for clinical response. CNS Drugs 2014; 28:559-70. [PMID: 24599774 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-014-0153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the adaptative and the innate immune systems interplay in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogeny. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are key regulators of the immune response, with activating and inhibitory isoforms. OBJECTIVE In this study we analysed whether the expression of KIR isoforms is implicated in MS pathogenesis and in the therapeutic response to interferon (IFN)-β. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 78 IFN-β-treated MS patients and 46 healthy controls (HC). KIR expression was evaluated by flow cytometry on natural killer (NK) and T cells. RESULTS The expression of KIRs on NK cells and T lymphocytes did not differ between MS patients and HC. IFN-β therapy decreased the expression of KIR2DL1/2DS1 and increased that of KIR2DL2/3 on NK cells. This therapy also reduced KIR2DL1/2DS1, KIR2DL2/2DL3 and KIR3DL2 expression on CD8(+) T cells. The baseline evaluation of the percentage of circulating CD16(+) NK cells was predictive of the clinical response to IFN-β; however, response to this therapy did not appear related to KIR expression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that expression of KIR isoforms on NK and T lymphocytes correlated in different ways with IFN-β therapy, suggesting that KIR dynamics may be associated with the pathways involved in the mechanisms of action of IFN-β.
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Ivarsson MA, Michaëlsson J, Fauriat C. Activating killer cell Ig-like receptors in health and disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:184. [PMID: 24795726 PMCID: PMC4001058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of non-rearranged HLA class I-binding receptors characterizes human and mouse NK cells. The postulation of the missing-self hypothesis some 30 years ago triggered the subsequent search and discovery of inhibitory MHC-receptors, both in humans and mice. These receptors have two functions: (i) to control the threshold for NK cell activation, a process termed “licensing” or “education,” and (ii) to inhibit NK cell activation during interactions with healthy HLA class I-expressing cells. The discovery of activating forms of KIRs (aKIR) challenged the concept of NK cell tolerance in steady state, as well as during immune challenge: what is the biological role of the activating KIR, in particular when NK cells express aKIRs in the absence of inhibitory receptors? Recently it was shown that aKIRs also participate in the education of NK cells. However, instead of lowering the threshold of activation like iKIRs, the expression of aKIRs has the opposite effect, i.e., rendering NK cells hyporesponsive. These findings may have consequences during NK cell response to viral infection, in cancer development, and in the initial stages of pregnancy. Here we review the current knowledge of activating KIRs, including the biological concept of aKIR-dependent NK cell education, and their impact in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Ivarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Cyril Fauriat
- U1068, CRCM, Immunity and Cancer, INSERM , Marseille , France ; Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Marseille , France ; UM 105, Aix-Marseille Université , Marseille , France ; UMR 7258, CNRS , Marseille , France ; U1068, CRCM, Plateforme d'Immunomonitoring en Cancérologie, INSERM , Marseille , France
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83
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Abstract
Constitutive heterozygous GATA2 mutation is associated with deafness, lymphedema, mononuclear cytopenias, infection, myelodysplasia (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we describe a cross-sectional analysis of 24 patients and 6 relatives with 14 different frameshift or substitution mutations of GATA2. A pattern of dendritic cell, monocyte, B, and natural killer (NK) lymphoid deficiency (DCML deficiency) with elevated Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) was observed in all 20 patients phenotyped, including patients with Emberger syndrome, monocytopenia with Mycobacterium avium complex (MonoMAC), and MDS. Four unaffected relatives had a normal phenotype indicating that cellular deficiency may evolve over time or is incompletely penetrant, while 2 developed subclinical cytopenias or elevated Flt3L. Patients with GATA2 mutation maintained higher hemoglobin, neutrophils, and platelets and were younger than controls with acquired MDS and wild-type GATA2. Frameshift mutations were associated with earlier age of clinical presentation than substitution mutations. Elevated Flt3L, loss of bone marrow progenitors, and clonal myelopoiesis were early signs of disease evolution. Clinical progression was associated with increasingly elevated Flt3L, depletion of transitional B cells, CD56(bright) NK cells, naïve T cells, and accumulation of terminally differentiated NK and CD8(+) memory T cells. These studies provide a framework for clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients with GATA2 mutation and may inform therapeutic decision-making.
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84
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Lotem J, Levanon D, Negreanu V, Leshkowitz D, Friedlander G, Groner Y. Runx3-mediated transcriptional program in cytotoxic lymphocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80467. [PMID: 24236182 PMCID: PMC3827420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Runx3 is highly expressed in CD8+ T and NK cytotoxic lymphocytes and is required for their effective activation and proliferation but molecular insights into the transcription program regulated by Runx3 in these cells are still missing. Using Runx3-ChIP-seq and transcriptome analysis of wild type vs. Runx3-/- primary cells we have now identified Runx3-regulated genes in the two cell types at both resting and IL-2-activated states. Runx3-bound genomic regions in both cell types were distantly located relative to gene transcription start sites and were enriched for RUNX and ETS motifs. Bound genomic regions significantly overlapped T-bet and p300-bound enhancer regions in Runx3-expressing Th1 helper cells. Compared to resting cells, IL-2-activated CD8+ T and NK cells contain three times more Runx3-regulated genes that are common to both cell types. Functional annotation of shared CD8+ T and NK Runx3-regulated genes revealed enrichment for immune-associated terms including lymphocyte activation, proliferation, cytotoxicity, migration and cytokine production, highlighting the role of Runx3 in CD8+ T and NK activated cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit/genetics
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Histones/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nucleotide Motifs
- Position-Specific Scoring Matrices
- Protein Binding
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Transcription Initiation Site
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine Bioinformatics Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine Bioinformatics Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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85
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Ivarsson MA, Loh L, Marquardt N, Kekäläinen E, Berglin L, Björkström NK, Westgren M, Nixon DF, Michaëlsson J. Differentiation and functional regulation of human fetal NK cells. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3889-901. [PMID: 23945237 DOI: 10.1172/jci68989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human fetal immune system is naturally exposed to maternal allogeneic cells, maternal antibodies, and pathogens. As such, it is faced with a considerable challenge with respect to the balance between immune reactivity and tolerance. Here, we show that fetal natural killer (NK) cells differentiate early in utero and are highly responsive to cytokines and antibody-mediated stimulation but respond poorly to HLA class I-negative target cells. Strikingly, expression of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) did not educate fetal NK cells but rendered them hyporesponsive to target cells lacking HLA class I. In addition, fetal NK cells were highly susceptible to TGF-β-mediated suppression, and blocking of TGF-β signaling enhanced fetal NK cell responses to target cells. Our data demonstrate that KIR-mediated hyporesponsiveness and TGF-β-mediated suppression are major factors determining human fetal NK cell hyporesponsiveness to HLA class I-negative target cells and provide a potential mechanism for fetal-maternal tolerance in utero. Finally, our results provide a basis for understanding the role of fetal NK cells in pregnancy complications in which NK cells could be involved, for example, during in utero infections and anti-RhD-induced fetal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Ivarsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chan WK, Rujkijyanont P, Neale G, Yang J, Bari R, Das Gupta N, Holladay M, Rooney B, Leung W. Multiplex and genome-wide analyses reveal distinctive properties of KIR+ and CD56+ T cells in human blood. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1625-36. [PMID: 23858032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells have been linked to a wide spectrum of health conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications, cancers, and transplant failures. A small subset of effector memory T cells also expresses KIRs. In this study, we use modern analytic tools including genome-wide and multiplex molecular, phenotypic, and functional assays to characterize the KIR(+) T cells in human blood. We find that KIR(+) T cells primarily reside in the CD56(+) T population that is distinctively DNAM-1(high) with a genome-wide quiescent transcriptome, short telomere, and limited TCR excision circles. During CMV reactivation in bone marrow transplant recipients, KIR(+)CD56(+) T cells rapidly expanded in real-time but not KIR(+)CD56(-) T cells or KIR(+) NK cells. In CMV(+) asymptomatic donors, as much as 50% of CD56(+) T cells are KIR(+), and most are distinguishably KIR2DL2/3(+)NKG2C(+)CD57(+). Functionally, the KIR(+)CD56(+) T cell subset lyses cancer cells and CMVpp65-pulsed target cells in a dual KIR-dependent and TCR-dependent manner. Analysis of metabolic transcriptome confirms the immunological memory status of KIR(+)CD56(+) T cells in contrast to KIR(-)CD56(+) T cells that are more active in energy metabolism and effector differentiation. KIR(-)CD56(+) T cells have >25-fold higher level of expression of RORC than the KIR(+) counterpart and are a previously unknown producer of IL-13 rather than IL-17 in multiplex cytokine arrays. Our data provide fundamental insights into KIR(+) T cells biologically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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