1
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Denlinger N, Song NJ, Zhang X, Jeon H, Peterson C, Wang Y, Reynolds K, Bolz R, Miao J, Song C, Wu D, Chan WK, Bezerra ED, Epperla N, Voorhees TJ, Brammer JE, Kittai AS, Bond DA, Sawalha Y, Sigmund AM, Reneau JC, Rubinstein MP, Hanel W, Christian B, Baiocchi RA, Maddocks KJ, Alinari L, Vasu S, de Lima M, Chung D, Jaglowski SM, Li Z, Huang X, Yang Y. Post-infusion PD-1+CD8+CAR-T cells identify patients responsive to CD19-CAR-T therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood Adv 2024:bloodadvances.2023012073. [PMID: 38607381 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T) has revolutionized treatment for relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Robust biomarkers and a complete understanding of CAR-T cell function in the post-infusion phase remain limited. Here we used a 37-color spectral flow cytometry panel to perform high dimensional single cell analysis of post-infusion samples in 26 patients treated with CD28 co-stimulatory domain containing commercial CAR-T (CD28-CAR-T) for NHL and focused on computationally gated CD8+ CAR-T cells. We found that the presence of post-infusion PD-1+ CD8+ CAR-T cells at the Day 14 timepoint highly correlated with the ability to achieve complete response (CR) by 6 months. Further analysis identified multiple subtypes of CD8+ PD-1+ CAR-T cells including PD-1+ TCF1+ stem-like CAR-T cells and PD-1+ TIM3+ effector-like CAR-T cells that correlated with improved clinical outcomes such as response and progression free survival. Additionally, we identified a subset of PD-1+ CD8+ CAR+ T cells with effector-like function that was increased in patients who achieved a CR and was associated with Grade 3 or higher immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Here we identified robust biomarkers of response to CD28-CAR-T and highlight the importance of PD-1 positivity in CD8+ CAR-T cells post-infusion in achieving CR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - No-Joon Song
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
| | | | | | - Yi Wang
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kelsi Reynolds
- The Ohio State University, Columbuis, Ohio, United States
| | - Robert Bolz
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jessica Miao
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Chunhua Song
- Division of Hematology, Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Dayong Wu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam S Kittai
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - David A Bond
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Yazeed Sawalha
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Audrey M Sigmund
- Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - John C Reneau
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Mark P Rubinstein
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Walter Hanel
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Beth Christian
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | | | - Lapo Alinari
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Sumithira Vasu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Marcos de Lima
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Dongjun Chung
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | | | - Zihai Li
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Xiaopei Huang
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Yiping Yang
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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2
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Cheng L, Chan WK, Peng Y, Qin H. Towards data-driven tele-medicine intelligence: community-based mental healthcare paradigm shift for smart aging amid COVID-19 pandemic. Health Inf Sci Syst 2023; 11:14. [PMID: 36923686 PMCID: PMC10011761 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-022-00198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Telemedicine are experiencing an unprecedented boom globally since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the most vulnerable groups amid COVID-19, the digital delivery of healthcare poses great challenges to the elderly population, caregiver, health service providers, and health policy makers. To bridge the service delivery gaps between the telemedicine demand side and supply side, explore evidence-based approach for integrated care, address challenges for aging policy, and build foundation for the development of data-driven and community-based telemedicine, our R&D team applied translational research to design and develop telemedicine "SMART" for enhancing elderly mental health wellbeing amid COVID-19. Our aim is to investigate the preparedness mechanisms of mental health disease including response, intervention, and connection these three healthcare delivery pipelines with the collection, consolidation, and synergy of heath parameters and social determinants, using data analytics approach to achieve Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). Methods A mix of quantitative and qualitative research design for scientifically rigorous consultation and analysis was conducted from Jan 2020 to June 2021 in Hong Kong. An exploratory and descriptive qualitative design was used in this study. The data were collected through focus group discussions conducted from elderly and their caregivers living in 10 main districts of Hong Kong. Our research pilot tested "SMART" targeting for elderly with mental health improvement needs. Baseline questionnaire with 110 tele-medicine product users includes questions on demographic information, self-rated mental health digital adoption. The follow-up five focus group discussions with 57 users (elderly and their caregivers) further explore the social determinants of telemedicine transformation and help propose the integrated telemedicine paradigm shift framework establishment, development, and enhancement. Results Grounded on the baseline needs assessment and feedbacks collected, it is evident that multi-dimensional health information from the four various streams (community, clinic, home, remote) and customized digital health solutions are playing a key role in addressing elderly mental health digital service needs and bridging digital divide. The designed tele-medicine product lines up health service provider (supplier side) and elderly specific needs (demand side) with our three-level design, enables elderly and their families to follow and control their own health management and connect with the service provider, community of practice (CoP), and health policy makers. Conclusion It's beneficial to involve elderly and gerontechnology stakeholders as part of Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) before and throughout the developing and delivery phases an integrated and age-friendly digital intervention. The challenges in applying and disseminating telemedicine reflected by the elderly and caregivers can be used as important input for further development and indicators for the sustainable and integrated elderly primary care framework. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13755-022-00198-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Big Data Bio-Intelligence Lab, Big Data Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - WK Chan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Peng
- School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Harry Qin
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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3
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Brown-Burke F, Hwang I, Sloan S, Hinterschied C, Helmig-Mason J, Long M, Chan WK, Prouty A, Chung JH, Zhang Y, Singh S, Youssef Y, Bhagwat N, Chen Z, Chen-Kiang S, Di Liberto M, Elemento O, Sehgal L, Alinari L, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Lapalombella R, Paik J, Baiocchi RA. PRMT5 inhibition drives therapeutic vulnerability to combination treatment with BCL-2 inhibition in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6211-6224. [PMID: 37327122 PMCID: PMC10582835 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy that comprises up to 6% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas diagnosed annually and is associated with a poor prognosis. The average overall survival of patients with MCL is 5 years, and for most patients who progress on targeted agents, survival remains at a dismal 3 to 8 months. There is a major unmet need to identify new therapeutic approaches that are well tolerated to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) enzyme is overexpressed in MCL and promotes growth and survival. Inhibition of PRMT5 drives antitumor activity in MCL cell lines and preclinical murine models. PRMT5 inhibition reduced the activity of prosurvival AKT signaling, which led to the nuclear translocation of FOXO1 and modulation of its transcriptional activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing identified multiple proapoptotic BCL-2 family members as FOXO1-bound genomic loci. We identified BAX as a direct transcriptional target of FOXO1 and demonstrated its critical role in the synergy observed between the selective PRMT5 inhibitor, PRT382, and the BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax. Single-agent and combination treatments were performed in 9 MCL lines. Loewe synergy scores showed significant levels of synergy in most MCL lines tested. Preclinical, in vivo evaluation of this strategy in multiple MCL models showed therapeutic synergy with combination venetoclax/PRT382 treatment with an increased survival advantage in 2 patient-derived xenograft models (P ≤ .0001, P ≤ .0001). Our results provide mechanistic rationale for the combination of PRMT5 inhibition and venetoclax to treat patients with MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Brown-Burke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Inah Hwang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Claire Hinterschied
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mackenzie Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Satishkumar Singh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maurizio Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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4
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Chan WK, Williams J, Sorathia K, Pray B, Abusaleh K, Bian Z, Sharma A, Hout I, Nishat S, Hanel W, Sloan SL, Yasin A, Denlinger N, Zhang X, Muthusamy N, Vasu S, de Lima M, Yang Y, Baiocchi R, Alinari L. A novel CAR-T cell product targeting CD74 is an effective therapeutic approach in preclinical mantle cell lymphoma models. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 37740214 PMCID: PMC10517521 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype which remains incurable despite multimodal approach including chemoimmunotherapy followed by stem cell transplant, targeted approaches such as the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, and CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CD74 is a nonpolymorphic type II integral membrane glycoprotein identified as an MHC class II chaperone and a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Our group previously reported on CD74's abundant expression in MCL and its ability to increase via pharmacological inhibition of autophagosomal degradation. Milatuzumab, a fully humanized anti-CD74 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated significant activity in preclinical lymphoma models but failed to provide meaningful benefits in clinical trials mainly due to its short half-life. We hypothesized that targeting CD74 using a CAR-T cell would provide potent and durable anti-MCL activity. METHODS We engineered a second generation anti-CD74 CAR with 4-1BB and CD3ζ signaling domains (74bbz). Through in silico and rational mutagenesis on the scFV domain, the 74bbz CAR was functionally optimized for superior antigen binding affinity, proliferative signaling, and cytotoxic activity against MCL cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Functionally optimized 74bbz CAR-T cells (clone 42105) induced significant killing of MCL cell lines, and primary MCL patient samples including one relapse after commercial CD19 CAR-T cell therapy with direct correlation between antigen density and cytotoxicity. It significantly prolonged the survival of an animal model established in NOD-SCIDγc-/- (NSG) mice engrafted with a human MCL cell line Mino subcutaneously compared to controls. Finally, while CD74 is also expressed on normal immune cell subsets, treatment with 74bbz CAR-T cells resulted in minimal cytotoxicity against these cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Targeting CD74 with 74bbz CAR-T cells represents a new cell therapy to provide a potent and durable and anti-MCL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jessica Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kinnari Sorathia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Betsy Pray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kaled Abusaleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zehua Bian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Archisha Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ian Hout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shamama Nishat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Walter Hanel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shelby L Sloan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Aneeq Yasin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan Denlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics/Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sumithira Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yiping Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 400 W. 12th Ave, 481D Wiseman Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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5
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Sloan SL, Brown F, Long M, Weigel C, Koirala S, Chung JH, Pray B, Villagomez L, Hinterschied C, Sircar A, Helmig-Mason J, Prouty A, Brooks E, Youssef Y, Hanel W, Parekh S, Chan WK, Chen Z, Lapalombella R, Sehgal L, Vaddi K, Scherle P, Chen-Kiang S, Di Liberto M, Elemento O, Meydan C, Foox J, Butler D, Mason CE, Baiocchi RA, Alinari L. PRMT5 supports multiple oncogenic pathways in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 142:887-902. [PMID: 37267517 PMCID: PMC10517215 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy with an overall poor prognosis, particularly for patients that progress on targeted therapies. Novel, more durable treatment options are needed for patients with MCL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in MCL and plays an important oncogenic role in this disease via epigenetic and posttranslational modification of cell cycle regulators, DNA repair genes, components of prosurvival pathways, and RNA splicing regulators. The mechanism of targeting PRMT5 in MCL remains incompletely characterized. Here, we report on the antitumor activity of PRMT5 inhibition in MCL using integrated transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo models of MCL. Treatment with a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PRMT5, PRT-382, led to growth arrest and cell death and provided a therapeutic benefit in xenografts derived from patients with MCL. Transcriptional reprograming upon PRMT5 inhibition led to restored regulatory activity of the cell cycle (p-RB/E2F), apoptotic cell death (p53-dependent/p53-independent), and activation of negative regulators of B-cell receptor-PI3K/AKT signaling (PHLDA3, PTPROt, and PIK3IP1). We propose pharmacologic inhibition of PRMT5 for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL and identify MTAP/CDKN2A deletion and wild-type TP53 as biomarkers that predict a favorable response. Selective targeting of PRMT5 has significant activity in preclinical models of MCL and warrants further investigation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Sloan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Fiona Brown
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mackenzie Long
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shirsha Koirala
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Betsy Pray
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lynda Villagomez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University and Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Claire Hinterschied
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anuvrat Sircar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eric Brooks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samir Parekh
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Maurizio Di Liberto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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6
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Ahmed EH, Lustberg M, Hale C, Sloan S, Mao C, Zhang X, Ozer HG, Schlotter S, Smith PL, Jeney F, Chan WK, Harrington BK, Weigel C, Brooks E, Klimaszewski HL, Oakes CC, Abebe T, Ibrahim ME, Alinari L, Behbehani GK, Shindiapina P, Caligiuri MA, Baiocchi RA. Follicular Helper and Regulatory T Cells Drive the Development of Spontaneous Epstein-Barr Virus Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113046. [PMID: 37297008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus associated with various cancers. EBV establishes latency with life-long persistence in memory B-cells and can reactivate lytic infection placing immunocompromised individuals at risk for EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPD). Despite the ubiquity of EBV, only a small percentage of immunocompromised patients (~20%) develop EBV-LPD. Engraftment of immunodeficient mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy EBV-seropositive donors leads to spontaneous, malignant, human B-cell EBV-LPD. Only about 20% of EBV+ donors induce EBV-LPD in 100% of engrafted mice (High-Incidence, HI), while another 20% of donors never generate EBV-LPD (No-Incidence, NI). Here, we report HI donors to have significantly higher basal T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory T-cells (Treg), and depletion of these subsets prevents/delays EBV-LPD. Transcriptomic analysis of CD4+ T cells from ex vivo HI donor PBMC revealed amplified cytokine and inflammatory gene signatures. HI vs. NI donors showed a marked reduction in IFNγ production to EBV latent and lytic antigen stimulation. In addition, we observed abundant myeloid-derived suppressor cells in HI donor PBMC that decreased CTL proliferation in co-cultures with autologous EBV+ lymphoblasts. Our findings identify potential biomarkers that may identify individuals at risk for EBV-LPD and suggest possible strategies for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshafa Hassan Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark Lustberg
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Claire Hale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Charlene Mao
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics/Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hatice Gulcin Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah Schlotter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Porsha L Smith
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Frankie Jeney
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bonnie K Harrington
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eric Brooks
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Christopher C Oakes
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa AB1000, Ethiopia
| | - Muntaser E Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregory K Behbehani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Polina Shindiapina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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7
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Hanel W, Lata P, Youssef Y, Tran H, Tsyba L, Sehgal L, Blaser BW, Huszar D, Helmig-Mason J, Zhang L, Schrock MS, Summers MK, Chan WK, Prouty A, Mundy-Bosse BL, Chen-Kiang S, Danilov AV, Maddocks K, Baiocchi RA, Alinari L. A sumoylation program is essential for maintaining the mitotic fidelity in proliferating mantle cell lymphoma cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:40. [PMID: 35831896 PMCID: PMC9277803 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, highly heterogeneous type of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The sumoylation pathway is known to be upregulated in many cancers including lymphoid malignancies. However, little is known about its oncogenic role in MCL. METHODS Levels of sumoylation enzymes and sumoylated proteins were quantified in MCL cell lines and primary MCL patient samples by scRNA sequencing and immunoblotting. The sumoylation enzyme SAE2 was genetically and pharmacologically targeted with shRNA and TAK-981 (subasumstat). The effects of SAE2 inhibition on MCL proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated using confocal microscopy, live-cell microscopy, and flow cytometry. Immunoprecipitation and orbitrap mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins targeted by sumoylation in MCL cells. RESULTS MCL cells have significant upregulation of the sumoylation pathway at the level of the enzymes SAE1 and SAE2 which correlated with poor prognosis and induction of mitosis associated genes. Selective inhibition of SAE2 with TAK-981 results in significant MCL cell death in vitro and in vivo with mitotic dysregulation being an important mechanism of action. We uncovered a sumoylation program in mitotic MCL cells comprised of multiple pathways which could be directly targeted with TAK-981. Centromeric localization of topoisomerase 2A, a gene highly upregulated in SAE1 and SAE2 overexpressing MCL cells, was lost with TAK-981 treatment likely contributing to the mitotic dysregulation seen in MCL cells. CONCLUSIONS This study not only validates SAE2 as a therapeutic target in MCL but also opens the door to further mechanistic work to uncover how to best use desumoylation therapy to treat MCL and other lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Hanel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pushpa Lata
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ha Tran
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Liudmyla Tsyba
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lalit Sehgal
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bradley W Blaser
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morgan S Schrock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew K Summers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bethany L Mundy-Bosse
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Selina Chen-Kiang
- Weil Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kami Maddocks
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 460 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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8
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Fung CK, Chow C, Chan WK, Choi EWK, To KF, Chan JKC, Cheuk W. Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma with DCTN1::ALK fusion: broadening the molecular spectrum with potential therapeutic implications. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:927-932. [PMID: 35229187 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell/sclerosing rbabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a recently characterized variant of RMS with several distinct molecular subtypes. We describe an example occurring in the tongue of a 10-year-old boy with a novel DCTN1::ALK fusion. The tumor exhibited infiltrative growth and was comprised of fascicles and focally whorls of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, in a collagenous or myxoid stroma. Moderate cytologic atypia, mitotic activity (2/10 HPFs), and perineural invasion were identified. The tumor cells expressed actin, desmin, MyoD1, myogenin, and ALK. An in-frame fusion between DCTN1 exon 26 and ALK exon 20 was detected by RNA sequencing, which was confirmed by split reads and supported by FISH studies. The tumor showed an indolent behavior with local recurrence 3 years after excision. This study broadens the molecular spectrum of spindle cell/sclerosing RMS and this molecular aberration may represent a potential therapeutic target for unresectable or disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Fung
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Eric W K Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - K F To
- Department of Cellular and Anatomical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - John K C Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wah Cheuk
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Karuthan SR, Koh PS, Chinna K, Chan WK. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer and Hong Kong Liver Cancer staging systems for prediction of survival among Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients. Med J Malaysia 2021; 76:199-204. [PMID: 33742628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to compare the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) staging systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study on patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the University Malaya Medical Centre between 2011 and 2014. Survival times were analysed using the Kaplan- Meier procedure and comparison between groups was done using the log rank test. RESULTS The data of 190 patients was analysed. Chronic hepatitis B was the most common aetiology for HCC (43.7%), but a large proportion was cryptogenic or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related (41.6%). Only 11.1% were diagnosed early (BCLC Stage 0-A) while majority were diagnosed at an intermediate stage (BCLC Stage B, 53.7%). The median survival rate was significantly different between the different groups when either of the staging systems was used (p<0.05 for all comparisons). However, the two staging systems lacked agreement (weighted kappa 0.519, 95%CI: 0.449, 0.589) with significant difference in median survival rates between BCLC Stage A and HKLC Stage 2, and between BCLC Stage C and HKLC Stage 4. CONCLUSION Both staging systems were able to stratify patients according to survival, but they only had moderate agreement with significant differences observed in two groups of the staging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Karuthan
- University Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P S Koh
- University Malaya, Faculty of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Chinna
- Taylor's University, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W K Chan
- University Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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10
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Zhang P, Brinton LT, Williams K, Sher S, Orwick S, Tzung-Huei L, Mims AS, Coss CC, Kulp SK, Youssef Y, Chan WK, Mitchell S, Mustonen A, Cannon M, Phillips H, Lehman AM, Kauffman T, Beaver L, Canfield D, Grieselhuber NR, Alinari L, Sampath D, Yan P, Byrd JC, Blachly JS, Lapalombella R. Targeting DNA Damage Repair Functions of Two Histone Deacetylases, HDAC8 and SIRT6, Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia to NAMPT Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2352-2366. [PMID: 33542077 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibitors (NAMPTi) are currently in development, but may be limited as single-agent therapy due to compound-specific toxicity and cancer metabolic plasticity allowing resistance development. To potentially lower the doses of NAMPTis required for therapeutic benefit against acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed a genome-wide CRISPRi screen to identify rational disease-specific partners for a novel NAMPTi, KPT-9274. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cell lines and primary cells were analyzed for cell viability, self-renewal, and responses at RNA and protein levels with loss-of-function approaches and pharmacologic treatments. In vivo efficacy of combination therapy was evaluated with a xenograft model. RESULTS We identified two histone deacetylases (HDAC), HDAC8 and SIRT6, whose knockout conferred synthetic lethality with KPT-9274 in AML. Furthermore, HDAC8-specific inhibitor, PCI-34051, or clinical class I HDAC inhibitor, AR-42, in combination with KPT-9274, synergistically decreased the survival of AML cells in a dose-dependent manner. AR-42/KPT-9274 cotreatment attenuated colony-forming potentials of patient cells while sparing healthy hematopoietic cells. Importantly, combined therapy demonstrated promising in vivo efficacy compared with KPT-9274 or AR-42 monotherapy. Mechanistically, genetic inhibition of SIRT6 potentiated the effect of KPT-9274 on PARP-1 suppression by abolishing mono-ADP ribosylation. AR-42/KPT-9274 cotreatment resulted in synergistic attenuation of homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining pathways in cell lines and leukemia-initiating cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that HDAC8 inhibition- or shSIRT6-induced DNA repair deficiencies are potently synergistic with NAMPT targeting, with minimal toxicity toward normal cells, providing a rationale for a novel-novel combination-based treatment for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lindsey T Brinton
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katie Williams
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Steven Sher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shelley Orwick
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lai Tzung-Huei
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alice S Mims
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Samuel K Kulp
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shaneice Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Allison Mustonen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew Cannon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hannah Phillips
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy M Lehman
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tierney Kauffman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Larry Beaver
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel Canfield
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nicole R Grieselhuber
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deepa Sampath
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - John C Byrd
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James S Blachly
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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11
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Youssef Y, Karkhanis V, Chan WK, Jeney F, Canella A, Zhang X, Sloan S, Prouty A, Helmig-Mason J, Tsyba L, Hanel W, Zheng X, Zhang P, Chung JH, Lucas DM, Kauffman Z, Larkin K, Strohecker AM, Ozer HG, Lapalombella R, Zhou H, Xu-Monette ZY, Young KH, Han R, Nurmemmedov E, Nuovo G, Maddocks K, Byrd JC, Baiocchi RA, Alinari L. Transducin β-like protein 1 controls multiple oncogenic networks in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2020; 106:2927-2939. [PMID: 33054136 PMCID: PMC8561281 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.268235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non- Hodgkin lymphoma and is characterized by a remarkable heterogeneity with diverse variants that can be identified histologically and molecularly. Large-scale gene expression profiling studies have identified the germinal center B-cell (GCB-) and activated B-cell (ABC-) subtypes. Standard chemo-immunotherapy remains standard front-line therapy, curing approximately two thirds of patients. Patients with refractory disease or those who relapse after salvage treatment have an overall poor prognosis highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Transducin b-like protein 1 (TBL1) is an exchange adaptor protein encoded by the TBL1X gene and known to function as a master regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by binding to β-CATENIN and promoting its downstream transcriptional program. Here, we show that, unlike normal B cells, DLBCL cells express abundant levels of TBL1 and its overexpression correlates with poor clinical outcome regardless of DLBCL molecular subtype. Genetic deletion of TBL1 and pharmacological approach using tegavivint, a first-in-class small molecule targeting TBL1 (Iterion Therapeutics), promotes DLBCL cell death in vitro and in vivo. Through an integrated genomic, biochemical, and pharmacologic analyses, we characterized a novel, β-CATENIN independent, post-transcriptional oncogenic function of TBL1 in DLBCL where TBL1 modulates the stability of key oncogenic proteins such as PLK1, MYC, and the autophagy regulatory protein BECLIN-1 through its interaction with a SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) protein supercomplex. Collectively, our data provide the rationale for targeting TBL1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Youssef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Vrajesh Karkhanis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Frankie Jeney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alessandro Canella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shelby Sloan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Alexander Prouty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - JoBeth Helmig-Mason
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Liudmyla Tsyba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Walter Hanel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Xuguang Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Pu Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ji-Hyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David M Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Zachary Kauffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Karilyn Larkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH
| | - Hatice G Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Rosa Lapalombella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ken H Young
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | - Kami Maddocks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John C Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lapo Alinari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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12
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Lo C, Chan WK, Lo G. Atypical Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2016914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Lo
- Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - WK Chan
- Department of Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - G Lo
- Department of Radiology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
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13
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Kuan PX, Chan WK, Chua PF, Yeo J, Sapri FE, Bujang MA, Said A. Lifestyle factors associated with cardiovascular risk among healthcare workers from the tertiary hospitals in Sarawak. Malays Fam Physician 2020; 15:15-22. [PMID: 32284800 PMCID: PMC7136671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A cross-sectional study is used to evaluate the lifestyle factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among healthcare workers in tertiary hospitals in Sarawak, Malaysia. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey using the Simple Lifestyle Indicator Questionnaire (SLIQ) was administered to, and anthropometric measurements were collected from, 494 healthcare workers. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 32.4±8.4, with a range of 19 to 59 years. The subjects were from the allied health (45.5%), management and professional (25.1%) and executive (29.4%) fields. Overall, 47.4% of the subjects were of normal weight, 30.2% were overweight, 17.2% were obese and 5.2% were underweight. The mean number of working hours per week for the subjects was 47.6±14.0 with the highest working hours found among the management and professional group, followed by the executive and allied health groups. Overall, 39.7% of the healthcare workers worked office hours, 36.6% worked within the shift system, 20.9% worked office hours and were on-call and the remaining 2.8% worked a mixture of office hours and shifts. Based on the SLIQ score, 58.1% were classified as at intermediate risk for CVD, 38.5% were in the healthy category and 3.4% were in the unhealthy category. Factors associated with a healthier lifestyle were being female (Odds Ratio [OR]= 12.1; CI=3.2-46.4), professional (mean score= 6.70), in the allied health group (mean score=7.33) and in the normal BMI group (OR= 9.3, CI= 1.8-47.0). CONCLUSION In our study, healthcare workers had an intermediate risk of developing CVD in the future. Thus, there is a need to intervene in the lifestyle factors contributing to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P X Kuan
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Sungai Buloh Hospital, Jalan Hospital 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - W K Chan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, 93586 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - P F Chua
- Department of Paraclinical Science Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jjp Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, Sarawak General Hospital Heart Centre, Jalan Lingkaran Luar Kuching, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - F E Sapri
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital 93586 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - M A Bujang
- Clinical Research Centre, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, 93586 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - A Said
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan Sarawak, Malaysia
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14
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Chan CK, Wong KH, Lee MP, Chan KC, Leung CC, Leung EC, Chan WK, Mak IK. Risk factors associated with 1-year mortality among patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in areas with intermediate tuberculosis burden and low HIV prevalence. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 24:473-483. [PMID: 30262675 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data are limited regarding risk factors for mortality among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis (TB) in areas with low HIV prevalence and intermediate TB burden, such as the Western Pacific region. This study aimed to assess such risk factors in Hong Kong, which has an intermediate TB burden and low HIV prevalence. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients reported to the Hong Kong TB-HIV Registry between 2006 and 2015. Baseline characteristics were compared with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Cox proportional hazards regression modelling was used to identify factors associated with mortality. RESULTS Of 299 patients studied, 21 (7.0%) died within 12 months of anti-TB treatment (median [interquartile range], 7.5 [3.8-10] months). The median age of death was 54 (interquartile range, 40.5-75.0) years. The cause of death was TB in five and unrelated to TB in the remaining 16. Cox proportional hazards regression showed that older age (adjusted hazard ratio=4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.4-14.9), history of drug addiction (4.6; 95% CI=1.6-13.0), and low baseline CD4 cell count of <50/μL (2.9; 95% CI=1.1-7.7) were independent risk factors for death within 12 months. CONCLUSION This study complements previous studies by providing information regarding risk factors associated with mortality among patients with HIV-associated TB in areas with intermediate TB burden and low HIV prevalence. The results from our study may guide targeted measures to improve survival in other areas with intermediate TB burden and low HIV prevalence, such as the Western Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Chan
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - K H Wong
- Head Office, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - M P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - K Cw Chan
- Integrated Treatment Centre, Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - C C Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - E Cc Leung
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - W K Chan
- Integrated Treatment Centre, Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
| | - I Ky Mak
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
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Prasad A, Chan WK. Abstract 4727: MicroRNA-155 as a regulator of NK cell mediated solid tumor rejection. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are granular innate lymphocytes that orchestrate immune response by releasing interferon gamma (IFN-γ): a critical cytokine heavily involved in intercellular immune and inflammatory processes. Prior work from our lab has linked microRNA-155 (miR-155) to significant cell proliferation and NK cell mediated IFN-γ release. Previously, our lab has also shown that miR-155 can increase hematological malignancy rejection and NK cell cytotoxicity in T-cell lymphomas. However, it is unclear how miR-155 can affect NK cell cytotoxicity in solid tumor models. IFN-γ has been reported in the literature to directly induce apoptosis in glioblastoma solid tumors. We therefore hypothesize that miR-155 induction can increase NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and IFN-γ mediated apoptosis for solid tumor rejection. To test this, 10x106 GL261 cells were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of both wild type (WT) littermates and miR-155 transgenic (miR-155Tg) mice. CD3(-)NK1.1(+) effector splenic NK cells were isolated from WT and miR-155Tg mice for total RNA extraction and subsequent gene expression profiling on NK cell activation pathways. We found that tumor growth in WT mice was at least 2-fold greater than that of miR-155Tg mice (average 2cmx2cm vs 0.7cmx0.7cm, n=6). Tumor weights from WT and miR-155 mice were 1052 mg vs 340 mg, respectively, with an average of 2 mice per group. Furthermore, we have successfully created an IFN-γ receptor 1 (IFN-γR1) shRNA knock-down (KD) lentiviral construct in a stable glioblastoma cell line. IFN-γR1 knockdown was measured to be 90% as determined by real-time PCR analysis. Future experiments will be performed wherein IFN-γR1 KD glioblastoma cells will be injected in miR-155Tg and WT mice to evaluate tumor rejection. In summary, we demonstrate a model system to investigate the effect of miR-155 on solid tumor glioblastoma multiforme. Further characterization of gene expression profiles of purified NK cells from both WT and miR-155 mice will provide important insights on the mechanisms of NK cell medicated tumor rejection.
Citation Format: Aman Prasad, Wing Keung Chan. MicroRNA-155 as a regulator of NK cell mediated solid tumor rejection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4727.
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Chan WK, Yeoh KY, Lim CY, Lai SM, Lee JL, Leow AHR, Goh KL. Hepatitis B virus infection among children of hepatitis B surface antigen positive mothers in a Malaysian hospital. Med J Malaysia 2018; 73:137-140. [PMID: 29962496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been no published data on the transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers in Malaysia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of all the children of HBsAg-positive mothers who delivered at the University of Malaya Medical Centre between 1993 and 2000. RESULTS A total of 60 HBsAg-positive mothers and their 154 children participated in the study. HBsAg was detected in four children (2.6%) while IgG antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc IgG) was detected in seventeen children (11.0%). The mother's age at childbirth was significantly lower in the children with detectable HBsAg (22.5±6.1 years vs. 29.7±4.5 years, p=0.043) and anti-HBc IgG (26.6±6.1 years vs. 30.0±4.3 years, p=0.004). Children born in the 1980s were significantly more likely to have detectable HBsAg (18.8% vs. 0.7%, p=0.004) and anti-HBc IgG (37.5% vs. 8.0%, p=0.000) compared with those born later. All children with detectable HBsAg were born via spontaneous vaginal delivery, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin was either not given or the administration status was unknown. The majority of mothers with chronic HBV infection (70.4%) were not under any regular follow-up for their chronic HBV infection and the main reason was the lack of awareness of the need to do so (47.4%). CONCLUSION Transmission of HBV infection among children of HBsAg-positive mothers in Malaysia is low. However, attention needs to be given to the high rate of HBsAgpositive mothers who are not on any regular follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - K Y Yeoh
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C Y Lim
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S M Lai
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J L Lee
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A H R Leow
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K L Goh
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chan WK, Kang S, Youssef Y, Glankler EN, Barrett ER, Carter AM, Ahmed EH, Prasad A, Chen L, Zhang J, Benson DM, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. A CS1-NKG2D Bispecific Antibody Collectively Activates Cytolytic Immune Cells against Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:776-787. [PMID: 29769244 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy of plasma cells, with an estimated 30,000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States, signifying the need for new therapeutic approaches. We hypothesized that targeting MM using a bispecific antibody (biAb) to simultaneously engage both innate and adaptive cytolytic immune cells could present potent antitumor activity. We engineered a biAb by fusing an anti-CS1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and an anti-NKG2D scFv (CS1-NKG2D biAb). Although NKG2D is a potent activation receptor ubiquitously expressed on mostly cytolytic immune cells including NK cells, CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and NKT cells, the CS1 tumor-associated antigen on MM represents a promising target. CS1-NKG2D biAb engaged human MM cell lines and NKG2D+ immune cells, forming immune synapses. In effector cells, CS1-NKG2D biAb triggered the phosphorylation of AKT, a downstream protein kinase of the activated NKG2D-DAP10 complex. The EC50 values of CS1-NKG2D biAb for CS1high and for CS1low MM cell lines with effector PBMCs were 10-12 and 10-9 mol/L, respectively. CS1-NKG2D biAb acted through multiple types of immune cells, and this induced cytotoxicity was both CS1- and NKG2D-specific. In vivo, survival was significantly prolonged using CS1-NKG2D biAb in a xenograft NOD-SCIDIL2γc-/- (NSG) mouse model engrafted with both human PBMCs and MM cell lines. Collectively, we demonstrated that the CS1-NKG2D biAb facilitated an enhanced immune synapse between CS1+ MM cells and NKG2D+ cytolytic innate and antigen-specific effector cells, which, in turn, activated these immune cells for improved clearance of MM. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(7); 776-87. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Keung Chan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Siwen Kang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erin N Glankler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emma R Barrett
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alex M Carter
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elshafa H Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aman Prasad
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Luxi Chen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Don M Benson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
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18
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Victor AR, Weigel C, Scoville SD, Chan WK, Chatman K, Nemer MM, Mao C, Young KA, Zhang J, Yu J, Freud AG, Oakes CC, Caligiuri MA. Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Regulation of CD16 Expression during Human NK Cell Development. J Immunol 2017; 200:565-572. [PMID: 29229679 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The surface receptor FcγRIIIA (CD16a) is encoded by the FCGR3A gene and is acquired by human NK cells during maturation. NK cells bind the Fc portion of IgG via CD16a and execute Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which is critical for the effectiveness of several antitumor mAb therapies. The role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms controlling transcriptional and posttranscriptional CD16 expression in NK cells is unknown. In this study, we compared specific patterns of DNA methylation and expression of FCGR3A with FCGR3B, which differ in cell type-specific expression despite displaying nearly identical genomic sequences. We identified a sequence within the FCGR3A promoter that selectively exhibits reduced methylation in CD16a+ NK cells versus CD16a- NK cells and neutrophils. This region contained the transcriptional start site of the most highly expressed CD16a isoform in NK cells. Luciferase assays revealed remarkable cell-type specificity and methylation-dependent activity of FCGR3A- versus FCGR3B-derived sequences. Genomic differences between FCGR3A and FCGR3B are enriched at CpG dinucleotides, and mutation of variant CpGs reversed cell-type specificity. We further identified miR-218 as a posttranscriptional negative regulator of CD16a in NK cells. Forced overexpression of miR-218 in NK cells knocked down CD16a mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, miR-218 was highly expressed in CD16a- NK cells compared with CD16a+ NK cells. Taken together, we propose a system of FCGR3A regulation in human NK cells in which CpG dinucleotide sequences and concurrent DNA methylation confer developmental and cell type-specific transcriptional regulation, whereas miR-218 provides an additional layer of posttranscriptional regulation during the maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Victor
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christoph Weigel
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven D Scoville
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Kelsey Chatman
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mary M Nemer
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlene Mao
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Karen A Young
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Aharon G Freud
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christopher C Oakes
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210; .,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Abstract
A healthy 28-year-old man presented with multiple brief episodes of convulsion. He was found to have ventricular fibrillation which required defibrillation in the emergency department. After exclusion of organic heart diseases, Brugada syndrome was diagnosed and required implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. The case emphasized the recognition of malignant cardiac dysrrhythmias as a cause for seizures. The management in the emergency department was discussed.
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20
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Victor AR, Nalin AP, Dong W, McClory S, Wei M, Mao C, Kladney RD, Youssef Y, Chan WK, Briercheck EL, Hughes T, Scoville SD, Pitarresi JR, Chen C, Manz S, Wu LC, Zhang J, Ostrowski MC, Freud AG, Leone GW, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. IL-18 Drives ILC3 Proliferation and Promotes IL-22 Production via NF-κB. J Immunol 2017; 199:2333-2342. [PMID: 28842466 PMCID: PMC5624342 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are important regulators of the immune system, maintaining homeostasis in the presence of commensal bacteria, but activating immune defenses in response to microbial pathogens. ILC3s are a robust source of IL-22, a cytokine critical for stimulating the antimicrobial response. We sought to identify cytokines that can promote proliferation and induce or maintain IL-22 production by ILC3s and determine a molecular mechanism for this process. We identified IL-18 as a cytokine that cooperates with an ILC3 survival factor, IL-15, to induce proliferation of human ILC3s, as well as induce and maintain IL-22 production. To determine a mechanism of action, we examined the NF-κB pathway, which is activated by IL-18 signaling. We found that the NF-κB complex signaling component, p65, binds to the proximal region of the IL22 promoter and promotes transcriptional activity. Finally, we observed that CD11c+ dendritic cells expressing IL-18 are found in close proximity to ILC3s in human tonsils in situ. Therefore, we identify a new mechanism by which human ILC3s proliferate and produce IL-22, and identify NF-κB as a potential therapeutic target to be considered in pathologic states characterized by overproduction of IL-18 and/or IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Victor
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ansel P Nalin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Susan McClory
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Min Wei
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlene Mao
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Youssef Youssef
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Wing Keung Chan
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Edward L Briercheck
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven D Scoville
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlie Chen
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sarah Manz
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Bioinformatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Aharon G Freud
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jianhua Yu
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Koh KC, Islam M, Chan WK, Lee WY, Ho YW, Alsagoff SAH, Yusof RA. Missed opportunities for earlier HIV-testing in patients with HIV infection referred to a tertiary hospital, a cross-sectional study. Med J Malaysia 2017; 72:209-214. [PMID: 28889131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Malaysia, the prevalence of missed opportunities for HIV-testing is unknown. Missed opportunities have been linked to late diagnosis of HIV and poorer outcome for patients. We describe missed opportunities for earlier HIV-testing in newly-HIV-diagnosed patients. METHODS Cross sectional study. Adult patients diagnosed with HIV infection and had at least one medical encounter in a primary healthcare setting during three years prior to diagnosis were included. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, patient characteristics at diagnosis, HIV-related conditions and whether they were subjected to risk assessment and offered HIV testing during the three years prior to HIV diagnosis. RESULTS 65 newly HIV-diagnosed patients (male: 92.3%; Malays: 52.4%; single: 66.7%; heterosexual: 41%; homosexual 24.6%; CD4 <350 at diagnosis: 63%). 93.8% were unaware of their HIV status at diagnosis. Up to 56.9% had presented with HIV-related conditions at a primary healthcare facility during the three years prior to diagnosis. Slightly more than half were had risk assessment done and only 33.8% were offered HIV-testing. CONCLUSIONS Missed opportunities for HIV-testing was unacceptably high with insufficient risk assessment and offering of HIV-testing. Risk assessment must be promoted and primary care physicians must be trained to recognize HIV-related conditions that will prompt them to offer HIVtesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Koh
- International Medical University, Department of Medicine, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - M Islam
- International Medical University, Department of Medicine, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - W K Chan
- International Medical University, Department of Medicine, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - W Y Lee
- International Medical University, Department of Medicine, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Y W Ho
- International Medical University, Department of Medicine, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - S A H Alsagoff
- International Medical University, Department of Medicine, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - R A Yusof
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Department of Medicine, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of manufacturing techniques used in the development of an axial blood pump impeller. In this development process the impeller was designed and its performance was evaluated with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Prototypes of those designs where the CFD results show promise were needed in sufficient quantities at a low cost for experimental validation of the CFD results. As the impeller is less than 16 mm in diameter with a maximum blade thickness of about 1.5 mm, innovative manufacturing techniques are explored in this paper to determine the best process for quick fabrication of prototypes that are dimensionally accurate, structurally robust and low in cost. Four rapid prototyping techniques were explored. The completed parts were compared on the basis of manufacturing time, quality and strength of parts obtained, manufacturing cost and also in vitro performances. Based on these studies, it was concluded that selective laser sintering (SLS) is the most appropriate method for the quick production of prototype parts for evaluation of pump performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chan
- School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Thermal and Fluids Engineering Division, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Liong CC, Ravindran S, Gnana Kumar G, Chin EF, Koh PS, Chan WK. Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma: An extremely rare cause of chronic diarrhoea. Med J Malaysia 2016; 71:88-90. [PMID: 27326953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diarrhoea in tropical countries may be due to a myriad of causes from infective to non-infective. This case report illustrates the challenges faced in the investigation of a middle-age Chinese gentleman who presented with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. The diagnosis of type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) was finally made. The diagnosis of EATL was least suspected as the condition is almost unheard of in this part of the world. The epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis of this rare condition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Liong
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S Ravindran
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - G Gnana Kumar
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - E F Chin
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P S Koh
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - W K Chan
- University of Malaya, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Triplett BM, Shook DR, Eldridge P, Li Y, Kang G, Dallas M, Hartford C, Srinivasan A, Chan WK, Suwannasaen D, Inaba H, Merchant TE, Pui CH, Leung W. Erratum: Rapid memory T-cell reconstitution recapitulating CD45RA-depleted haploidentical transplant graft content in patients with hematologic malignancies. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 50:1012. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chan WK, Suwannasaen D, Throm RE, Li Y, Eldridge PW, Houston J, Gray JT, Pui CH, Leung W. Chimeric antigen receptor-redirected CD45RA-negative T cells have potent antileukemia and pathogen memory response without graft-versus-host activity. Leukemia 2015; 29:387-95. [PMID: 24888271 PMCID: PMC4275423 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected cellular therapy is an attractive modality for cancer treatment. We hypothesized that allogeneic CAR-engineered CD45RA-negative T cells can control cancer and infection without the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We used CD19(+) MLL-rearranged leukemia as prototype because it is an aggressive and generally drug-resistant malignancy. CD45RA(-) cells that were transduced with anti-CD19 CAR containing 4-1BB and CD3ζ signaling domains effectively lysed MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines and primary blasts in vitro. In a disseminated leukemia mouse model, CAR(+)CD45RA(-) cells significantly reduced leukemia burdens and prolonged overall survival without GVHD. CAR(+) cells were sustainable in blood, and all the treated mice remained leukemia-free even after they were re-challenged with leukemia cells. Despite the transduction process, CD45RA(-) cells retained recall activity both in vitro and in vivo against human pathogens commonly found in cancer patients. In comparison with CD45RA(+) cells, CD45RA(-) cells showed less allogeneic activity in mixed leukocyte reactions and in mouse models. Thus, the use of CAR(+)CD45RA(-) cells can separate GVHD from graft-versus-malignancy effect and infection control. These cells should also be useful in nontransplant settings and may be administered as off-the-shelf third-party cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Chan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Suwannasaen
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R E Throm
- Vector Laboratory, Department of Experimental Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - P W Eldridge
- Human Application Laboratory, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Houston
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J T Gray
- Vector Laboratory, Department of Experimental Hematology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - C-H Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - W Leung
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand legislation combating counterfeit drugs in Hong Kong. DESIGN This study consisted of two parts. In part I, counterfeit drugs–related ordinances and court cases were reviewed. In part II, indepth interviews of the stakeholders were described. SETTING Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS All Hong Kong ordinances were screened manually to identify those combating counterfeit drugs. Court cases were searched for each of the identified cases. Then, the relevant judgement justifications were analysed to identify sentencing issues. Indepth interviews with the stakeholders were conducted to understand their perceptions about such legislation. RESULTS Trade Marks Ordinance, Patents Ordinance, Trade Descriptions Ordinance, and Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance were current legislative items combating counterfeit drugs. Sentencing criteria depended on: intention to deceive, quantity of seized drugs, presence of expected therapeutic effect or toxic ingredients, previous criminal records, cooperativeness with Customs officers, honest confessions, pleas of guilty, types of drugs, and precautionary measures to prevent sale of counterfeit drugs. Stakeholders’ perceptions were explored with respect to legislation regarding the scale and significance of the counterfeit drug problem, penalties and deterrents, drug-specific legislation and authority, and inspections and enforcement. CONCLUSIONS To plug the loopholes, a specific law with heavy penalties should be adopted. This could be supplemented by non-legal measures like education of judges, lawyers, and the public; publishing the names of offending pharmacies; and emphasising the role of pharmacists to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Lai
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Abstract
The title complexes were doped into polycarbonate matrices together with triphenylamine, a hole-transport compound, in order to study their photosensitizing properties. Complexes based on 1 exhibited strong absorption in the visible spectrum due to the presence of a metal-ligand charge-transfer transition and were able to enhance the sensitivity in this region; the best enhancement was found when Ar is a p-flurophenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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Lin AWC, Chan KCW, Chan WK, Wong KH. Authors' reply. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:561. [PMID: 24310668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ada W C Lin
- Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Kowloon Bay Health Centre, 9 Kai Yan Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Luk JKH, Chan WK, Ng WC, Chiu PKC, Ho C, Chan TC, Chan FHW. Mortality and health services utilisation among older people with advanced cognitive impairment living in residential care homes. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:518-24. [PMID: 24096360 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the demography, clinical characteristics, service utilisation, mortality, and predictors of mortality in older residential care home residents with advanced cognitive impairment. DESIGN Cohort longitudinal study. SETTING Residential care homes for the elderly in Hong Kong West. PARTICIPANTS Residents of such homes aged 65 years or more with advanced cognitive impairment. RESULTS In all, 312 such residential care home residents (71 men and 241 women) were studied. Their mean age was 88 (standard deviation, 8) years and their mean Barthel Index 20 score was 1.5 (standard deviation, 2.0). In all, 164 (53%) were receiving enteral feeding. Nearly all of them had urinary and bowel incontinence. Apart from Community Geriatric Assessment Team clinics, 119 (38%) of the residents attended other clinics outside their residential care homes. In all, 107 (34%) died within 1 year; those who died within 1 year used significantly more emergency and hospital services (P<0.001), and utilised more services from community care nurses for wound care (P=0.001), enteral feeding tube care (P=0.018), and urinary catheter care (P<0.001). Independent risk factors for 1-year mortality were active pressure sores (P=0.0037), enteral feeding (P=0.008), having a urinary catheter (P=0.0036), and suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P=0.011). A history of pneumococcal vaccination was protective with respect to 1-year mortality (P=0.004). CONCLUSION Residents of residential care homes for the elderly with advanced cognitive impairment were frail, exhibited multiple co-morbidities and high mortality. They were frequent users of out-patient, emergency, and in-patient services. The development of end-of-life care services in residential care homes for the elderly is an important need for this group of elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K H Luk
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Fung Yiu King Hospital, 9 Sandy Bay Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Chan CK, Wong KH, Leung CC, Tam CM, Chan KCW, Pang KW, Chan WK, Mak IKY. Treatment outcomes after early initiation of antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:474-83. [PMID: 23926173 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the optimal timing for initiating antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis in Hong Kong. DESIGN Historical cohort. SETTING. Tuberculosis and Chest Service and Special Preventive Programme, Public Health Service Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Consecutive patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in a territory-wide TB-HIV registry encountered from 1996 to 2009. RESULTS Of the 260 antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis, 32 (12%) had antiretroviral therapy initiated within 2 months after starting anti-tuberculosis treatment (early antiretroviral therapy). Early antiretroviral therapy was associated with a more favourable outcome (cure or treatment completion without relapse) at 24 months (91% vs 67%; P=0.007) than those with antiretroviral therapy started later or not initiated, and remained an independent predictor of a favourable outcome after adjustment for potential confounders. Adverse effects from anti-tuberculosis drugs tended to occur more frequently in patients with early antiretroviral therapy (13/32 or 41%) compared with the remainder (59/228 or 26%; P=0.08). A significantly higher proportion of patients in the former group experienced immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome than in the latter group (7/32 or 22% vs 9/228 or 4%; P<0.001). There was no death attributable to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with more favourable tuberculosis treatment outcomes in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis with a low CD4 count (<200/µL). Drug co-toxicity and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome that may be increased by earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy does not undermine tuberculosis treatment outcomes to a significant extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Chan
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Public Health Service Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
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Lin AWC, Chan KCW, Chan WK, Wong KH. Tuberculin sensitivity testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis remains effective for tuberculosis control in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:386-92. [PMID: 23926172 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a policy to treat latent tuberculosis identified by annual tuberculin sensitivity testing is effective for tuberculosis control in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Hong Kong. DESIGN Historical cohort study. SETTING Integrated Treatment Centre, Department of Health, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus without a history of tuberculosis were offered annual tuberculin sensitivity testing, coupled with treatment of latent tuberculosis if they tested positive. All such patients were followed for new tuberculosis. RESULTS In all, 1154 patients on antiretroviral therapy, contributing to 5587 patient-years of observation, were analysed; 1032 patients (89%) received annual tuberculin sensitivity testing. Their baseline characteristics, including CD4 counts and other risk factors for tuberculosis, did not differ significantly from those who declined testing. The overall incidence rate of tuberculosis was 0.59 case per 100 patient-years. It was lower in those who received annual tuberculin sensitivity testing than those who did not (0.41 vs 3.85 per 100 patient-years; P<0.0001). Only a low baseline CD4 count and a history of tuberculin sensitivity testing were shown to be significant indicators of incident tuberculosis using multivariate analysis. The hazard ratio was 0.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.85; P=0.02) for those with a baseline CD4 count of 100/mm3 or above, and 0.26 (95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.77; P=0.016) for those who received annual tuberculin sensitivity testing. The incidence of tuberculosis was highest within 90 days of antiretroviral therapy initiation. CONCLUSION The established policy continues to be effective. The high risk of tuberculosis during the early period of antiretroviral therapy supports early use of tuberculin sensitivity testing. Alternatively, the strategy of universal isoniazid preventive therapy at antiretroviral therapy initiation could be studied for those with very low baseline CD4 counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W C Lin
- Integrated Treatment Centre, Special Preventive Programme, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong
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Lin AWC, Wong KH, Chan K, Chan WK. Accelerating prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: ten-year experience of universal antenatal HIV testing programme in a low HIV prevalence setting in Hong Kong. AIDS Care 2013; 26:169-75. [PMID: 23869699 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2013.819402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hong Kong has a low prevalence of HIV infection at less than 0.01%. Universal Antenatal HIV Testing Programme (UATP) was launched in all public antenatal units in September 2001. In 2008, voluntary rapid HIV testing was introduced in all public labour units to fill up the gap for pregnant women without HIV testing during the antenatal period. This study evaluated the performance of UATP and rapid HIV testing with indicators. From September 2001 to December 2011, process and outcome indicators for monitoring and evaluation were collected from the service providers in the form of monthly return of workload statistics and case-based statistics of each identified HIV-positive pregnancy via reporting forms. A total of 479,160 antenatal HIV tests and 2,675 rapid tests were performed in the study period. The acceptance rate for UATP and rapid HIV testing was 98% and 80.4% respectively. With the implementation of rapid HIV testing in January 2008, the proportion of pregnant women with HIV status discerned before delivery increased from 84.9% in 2006 to over 99.5% since 2008. The HIV prevalence in UATP and rapid HIV testing was 0.02% and 0.1% respectively. Fifty-three (68%) out of 78 HIV-infected pregnant women identified from the programme have delivered locally. Forty-three (81%) of them delivered by caesarean section and 50 (94%) of them were given antiretrovirals for intervention. Only three children born before the implementation of rapid HIV testing were HIV-infected. In conclusion, UATP and its rapid HIV testing component have been highly accepted and effective in the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada W C Lin
- a Special Preventive Programme, Department of Health , Centre for Health Protection , Hong Kong , China
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Chan WK, Rujkijyanont P, Neale G, Yang J, Bari R, Das Gupta N, Holladay M, Rooney B, Leung W. Multiplex and genome-wide analyses reveal distinctive properties of KIR+ and CD56+ T cells in human blood. J Immunol 2013; 191:1625-36. [PMID: 23858032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells have been linked to a wide spectrum of health conditions such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications, cancers, and transplant failures. A small subset of effector memory T cells also expresses KIRs. In this study, we use modern analytic tools including genome-wide and multiplex molecular, phenotypic, and functional assays to characterize the KIR(+) T cells in human blood. We find that KIR(+) T cells primarily reside in the CD56(+) T population that is distinctively DNAM-1(high) with a genome-wide quiescent transcriptome, short telomere, and limited TCR excision circles. During CMV reactivation in bone marrow transplant recipients, KIR(+)CD56(+) T cells rapidly expanded in real-time but not KIR(+)CD56(-) T cells or KIR(+) NK cells. In CMV(+) asymptomatic donors, as much as 50% of CD56(+) T cells are KIR(+), and most are distinguishably KIR2DL2/3(+)NKG2C(+)CD57(+). Functionally, the KIR(+)CD56(+) T cell subset lyses cancer cells and CMVpp65-pulsed target cells in a dual KIR-dependent and TCR-dependent manner. Analysis of metabolic transcriptome confirms the immunological memory status of KIR(+)CD56(+) T cells in contrast to KIR(-)CD56(+) T cells that are more active in energy metabolism and effector differentiation. KIR(-)CD56(+) T cells have >25-fold higher level of expression of RORC than the KIR(+) counterpart and are a previously unknown producer of IL-13 rather than IL-17 in multiplex cytokine arrays. Our data provide fundamental insights into KIR(+) T cells biologically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Rujkijyanont P, Chan WK, Eldridge PW, Lockey T, Holladay M, Rooney B, Davidoff AM, Leung W, Vong Q. Ex vivo activation of CD56(+) immune cells that eradicate neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2608-18. [PMID: 23440424 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the use of intensive contemporary multimodal therapy, the overall survival of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma is still less than 50%. Therefore, immunotherapy without cross-resistance and overlapping toxicity has been proposed. In this study, we report the development of a novel strategy to specifically activate and expand human CD56(+) (NCAM1) natural killer (NK) immune cells from normal donors and patients with neuroblastoma. Enriched CD56(+) cells from peripheral blood were mixed with CD56(-) fraction at 1:1 ratio and cultured in the presence of OKT3, interleukin (IL)-2, and -15 for five days and then without OKT3 for 16 more days. The final products contained more than 90% CD56(+) cells and could kill neuroblastoma cells effectively that were originally highly resistant to nonprocessed NK cells. Mechanistically, cytolysis of neuroblastoma was mediated through natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR), DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1; CD226), perforin, and granzyme B. Successful clinical scale-up in a good manufacturing practices (GMP)-compliant bioreactor yielded effector cells that in a neuroblastoma xenograft model slowed tumor growth and extended survival without GVHD. Investigation of CD56(+) cells from patients with neuroblastoma revealed a similar postactivation phenotype and lytic activity. Our findings establish a novel and clinically expedient strategy to generate allogeneic or autologous CD56(+) cells that are highly cytotoxic against neuroblastoma with minimal risk of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Rujkijyanont
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Leung YH, Chan CMN, Ng AMC, Chan HT, Chiang MWL, Djurišić AB, Ng YH, Jim WY, Guo MY, Leung FCC, Chan WK, Au DTW. Antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles with a modified surface under ambient illumination. Nanotechnology 2012; 23:475703. [PMID: 23103840 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/47/475703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In various practical applications, nanomaterials typically have functionalized surfaces. Yet, the studies of toxicity and antibacterial activity of functionalized nanoparticles are scarce. We investigated the effect of surface modifications on antibacterial activity of ZnO under ambient illumination, and we found that nanoparticles coated with different surface modifying reagents could exhibit higher or lower toxicity compared to bare ZnO, depending on the surface modifying reagent used. Different surface modifying reagent molecules resulted in differences in the release of Zn(2+) ions and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the antibacterial activity did not correlate with the ROS levels or the Zn(2+) ion release. One of the surface-modified ZnO samples exhibited significantly lower Zn(2+) ion release while at the same time exhibiting improved antibacterial activity. In all cases, damage of the cell wall membranes and/or changes in the membrane permeability have been observed, together with the changes in ATR-FTIR spectra indicating differences in protein conformation. Mechanisms of antibacterial activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Leung
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Sekhon BK, Sze DMY, Chan WK, Fan K, Li GQ, Moore DE, Roubin RH. PSP activates monocytes in resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: immunomodulatory implications for cancer treatment. Food Chem 2012; 138:2201-9. [PMID: 23497877 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharopeptide (PSP), from Coriolus versicolor, has been used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy, and has demonstrated anti-tumor and immunomodulating effects. However its mechanism remains unknown. To elucidate how PSP affects immune populations, we compared PSP treatments both with and without prior incubation in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) - a process commonly used in immune population experimentation. We first standardised a capillary electrophoresis fingerprinting technique for PSP identification and characterisation. We then established the proliferative capability of PSP on various immune populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using flow cytometry, without prior PHA treatment. It was found that PSP significantly increased the number of monocytes (CD14(+)/CD16(-)) compared to controls without PHA. This increase in monocytes was confirmed using another antibody panel of CD14 and MHCII. In contrast, proliferations of T-cells, NK, and B-cells were not significantly changed by PSP. Thus, stimulating monocyte/macrophage function with PSP could be an effective therapeutic intervention in targeting tumors.
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Nguyen LS, Jolly L, Shoubridge C, Chan WK, Huang L, Laumonnier F, Raynaud M, Hackett A, Field M, Rodriguez J, Srivastava AK, Lee Y, Long R, Addington AM, Rapoport JL, Suren S, Hahn CN, Gamble J, Wilkinson MF, Corbett MA, Gecz J. Transcriptome profiling of UPF3B/NMD-deficient lymphoblastoid cells from patients with various forms of intellectual disability. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1103-15. [PMID: 22182939 PMCID: PMC4281019 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway was originally discovered by virtue of its ability to rapidly degrade aberrant mRNAs with premature termination codons. More recently, it was shown that NMD also directly regulates subsets of normal transcripts, suggesting that NMD has roles in normal biological processes. Indeed, several NMD factors have been shown to regulate neurological events (for example, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity) in numerous vertebrate species. In man, mutations in the NMD factor gene UPF3B, which disrupts a branch of the NMD pathway, cause various forms of intellectual disability (ID). Using Epstein Barr virus-immortalized B cells, also known as lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), from ID patients that have loss-of-function mutations in UPF3B, we investigated the genome-wide consequences of compromised NMD and the role of NMD in neuronal development and function. We found that ~5% of the human transcriptome is impacted in UPF3B patients. The UPF3B paralog, UPF3A, is stabilized in all UPF3B patients, and partially compensates for the loss of UPF3B function. Interestingly, UPF3A protein, but not mRNA, was stabilised in a quantitative manner that inversely correlated with the severity of patients' phenotype. This suggested that the ability to stabilize the UPF3A protein is a crucial modifier of the neurological symptoms due to loss of UPF3B. We also identified ARHGAP24, which encodes a GTPase-activating protein, as a canonical target of NMD, and we provide evidence that deregulation of this gene inhibits axon and dendrite outgrowth and branching. Our results demonstrate that the UPF3B-dependent NMD pathway is a major regulator of the transcriptome and that its targets have important roles in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- LS Nguyen
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - L Jolly
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C Shoubridge
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - WK Chan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F Laumonnier
- INSERM, U930, Tours, France
- CNRS, ERL3106, Tours, France
- University Francois-Rabelais, UMR ‘Imaging and Brain’, Tours, France
| | - M Raynaud
- INSERM, U930, Tours, France
- University Francois-Rabelais, UMR ‘Imaging and Brain’, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Genetique, Tours, France
| | - A Hackett
- GOLD Service, Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, Australia
| | - M Field
- GOLD Service, Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, Australia
| | - J Rodriguez
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Centre, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - AK Srivastava
- J.C. Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Centre, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Y Lee
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Long
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - AM Addington
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JL Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Suren
- Human Developmental Biology Resource, Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - CN Hahn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Gamble
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine & Cell Biology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - MF Wilkinson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - MA Corbett
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Gecz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Chan WK, Kung Sutherland M, Li Y, Zalevsky J, Schell S, Leung W. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity overcomes NK cell resistance in MLL-rearranged leukemia expressing inhibitory KIR ligands but not activating ligands. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6296-305. [PMID: 23014531 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leukemias with MLL gene rearrangement are associated with a poor prognosis. Natural killer (NK) cell therapy is a potential treatment, but leukemia cells may be resistant. Here, we sought to determine the susceptibility of MLL-rearranged leukemia cells to NK cell lysis and to develop a novel immunotherapeutic approach to optimize NK cell therapy, including the use of an antibody against leukemia-associated antigen and the elimination of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-mediated inhibition. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines (RS4;11, SEM, and MV4-11) and primary leukemia blasts were assessed for surface phenotype and susceptibility to NK cell lysis with or without antibodies against CD19 (XmAb5574), CD33 (lintuzumab), or KIR ligands. RESULTS All three cell lines were resistant to NK cell lysis, had some inhibitory KIR ligands and protease inhibitor-9, and expressed low levels of NKG2D activating ligands and adhesion molecules. After treatment with XmAb5574 or lintuzumab, MLL-rearranged leukemia cells were efficiently killed by NK cells. The addition of pan-major histocompatibility complex class I antibody, which blocked inhibitory KIR-HLA interaction, further augmented degranulation in all three KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2/3, and KIR3DL1 subsets of NK cells based on the rule of missing-self recognition. A mouse model showed a decreased rate of leukemia progression in vivo as monitored by bioluminescence imaging and longer survival after antibody treatment. CONCLUSION Our data support the use of a triple immunotherapy approach, including an antibody directed against tumor-associated antigen, KIR-mismatched NK cell transplantation, and inhibitory KIR blockade, for the treatment of NK cell-resistant MLL-rearranged leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
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Lieu CF, Chan WK, Ooi KT. Experimental investigation of the reciprocating ball pump (RBP). Med Eng Phys 2011; 34:1101-8. [PMID: 22205041 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents experimental investigations of a novel miniature reciprocating ball pump (RBP) as a potential infusion pump or drug delivery system. The objectives of this study are to validate the RBP's operational principle and to evaluate its performance. In the tests, the basic functionality of the pump has been established at different pumping frequencies ranging from 1.667 Hz (100 rpm) to 4.167 Hz (250 rpm) against different pressure heads ranging from 0 mmH(2)O and 100 mmH(2)O. In addition, experimental results show that the RBP can deliver a higher flow rate with a volumetric efficiency of 120% as compared to a conventional single acting reciprocating pump running under the same operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lieu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Cheung KW, Sze DMY, Chan WK, Deng RX, Tu W, Chan GCF. Brazilian green propolis and its constituent, Artepillin C inhibits allogeneic activated human CD4 T cells expansion and activation. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 138:463-471. [PMID: 21964192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis has long been used as a popular folk medicine by various ethnic groups due to its wide spectrum of alleged biological and pharmaceutical properties including anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory functions. All these can be linked to the modulation of immune function. Therefore, it will be relevant for us to find out whether there is any novel compound that can account for such action and the mechanism involved. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the immune modulating effect of Brazilian green propolis (PBrazil) and its constituent Artepillin C (Art-C) by using mixed leukocytes reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic effect of Art-C on non-tumorigenic human liver cell line miHA and non-tumorigenic human kidney cell line HK-2 as well as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by XTT cell proliferation assay. The effect of PBrazil and Art-C on T cell proliferation and activation were determined by using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and by CD25 expression, respectively. Cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins such as IL-2, IL-17 were measured by intracellular cytokine staining and IL-10 was measured by ELISA. The effect of PBrazil and Art-C on regulatory T cells (Treg) induction was determined by the Foxp3 expression. The apoptotic effect of these compounds on CFSE labeled alloreactive T cells was measured by using Annexin V. RESULTS Using mixed leukocytes reaction we demonstrated for the first time that both Art-C and PBrazil significantly inhibited the alloreactive CD4 T cell proliferation, activation, and suppressed the expressions of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-17 in these alloreactive CD4 T cells. The inhibitions of Art-C and PBrazil on CD4 T cells were not due to direct cytotoxic effect on PBMC or inducing regulatory T cells differentiation. Both Art-C and PBrazil were found to selectively induce apoptosis in proliferating T cells. The anti-proliferative effect of Art-C and PBrazil were reversible and were also applied to the activated T cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicated that Art-C and PBrazil can suppress alloreactive CD4 T cell responses in vitro, suggesting that Art-C could be used as a potential immunosuppressant, either solely or as adjunct agent in treating graft versus host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Wai Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Ho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Chan CK, Alvarez Bognar F, Wong KH, Leung CC, Tam CM, Chan KCW, Ho CF, Chan WK, Mak IKY. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:192-198. [PMID: 20519755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis in Hong Kong. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Tuberculosis and Chest Service and Special Preventive Programme, Public Health Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. PATIENTS Cases reported to the TB/HIV Registry jointly kept by the Tuberculosis and Chest Service and Special Preventive Programme from 1996 to 2006 were reviewed. The Registry includes cases of human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis diagnosed in the two services, and cases referred from regional hospitals under the Hong Kong Hospital Authority and the private sector. RESULTS Tuberculosis has become an increasingly important acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness in Hong Kong, and overtook Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia for the first time as the most common primary acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness in 2005 (accounting for 39% and 31% of all such illnesses, respectively in that year). The presentation of human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis is often atypical. In these patients moreover, there was a slightly higher rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (2%) than in the general population (range, 0.7-1.5%). CONCLUSIONS Programmes for the provider-initiated human immunodeficiency virus testing policy to reduce diagnostic delays should continue and be enhanced. Continual surveillance of both conditions is imperative, especially in view of a possible link between human immunodeficiency virus and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Chan
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Public Health Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong.
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Ng AMC, Xi YY, Hsu YF, Djurisić AB, Chan WK, Gwo S, Tam HL, Cheah KW, Fong PWK, Lui HF, Surya C. GaN/ZnO nanorod light emitting diodes with different emission spectra. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:445201. [PMID: 19801783 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/44/445201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) consisting of p-GaN epitaxial films and n-ZnO nanorods have been fabricated and characterized. The rectifying behavior and emission spectra were strongly dependent on the electronic properties of both GaN film and ZnO nanorods. Light emission under both forward and reverse bias was obtained in all cases, and emission spectra could be changed by annealing the ZnO nanorods. The emission spectra could be further tuned by using a GaN LED epiwafer as a substrate. Both forward and backward diode behavior has been observed and the emission spectra were significantly affected by both the properties of the GaN substrate and the annealing conditions for the ZnO nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M C Ng
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Non-prescriptional use of medicinal herbs among cancer patients is common around the world. The alleged anti-cancer effects of most herbal extracts are mainly based on studies derived from in vitro or in vivo animal experiments. The current information suggests that these herbal extracts exert their biological effect either through cytotoxic or immunomodulatory mechanisms. One of the active compounds responsible for the immune effects of herbal products is in the form of complex polysaccharides known as beta-glucans. beta-glucans are ubiquitously found in both bacterial or fungal cell walls and have been implicated in the initiation of anti-microbial immune response. Based on in vitro studies, beta-glucans act on several immune receptors including Dectin-1, complement receptor (CR3) and TLR-2/6 and trigger a group of immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. As a consequence, both innate and adaptive response can be modulated by beta-glucans and they can also enhance opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis. In animal studies, after oral administration, the specific backbone 1-->3 linear beta-glycosidic chain of beta-glucans cannot be digested. Most beta-glucans enter the proximal small intestine and some are captured by the macrophages. They are internalized and fragmented within the cells, then transported by the macrophages to the marrow and endothelial reticular system. The small beta-glucans fragments are eventually released by the macrophages and taken up by other immune cells leading to various immune responses. However, beta-glucans of different sizes and branching patterns may have significantly variable immune potency. Careful selection of appropriate beta-glucans is essential if we wish to investigate the effects of beta-glucans clinically. So far, no good quality clinical trial data is available on assessing the effectiveness of purified beta-glucans among cancer patients. Future effort should direct at performing well-designed clinical trials to verify the actual clinical efficacy of beta-glucans or beta-glucans containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Sekhon BK, Roubin RH, Tan A, Chan WK, Sze DMY. High-throughput screening platform for anticancer therapeutic drug cytotoxicity. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2009; 6:711-21. [PMID: 19035851 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2008.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are substances that kill cancer cells, but induce T cell proliferation, like thalidomide. To find more of these, a new anticancer drug screening strategy is vital. In this study we report the development of a differential cytotoxicity screening or evaluation platform using the CellTiter-Glo (Promega, Annandale, NSW, Australia) luminescent cell viability assay (ATP assay) and also the CellTiter 96 AQueous (Promega) one solution cell proliferation assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay]. The results suggested the platform consisting of the combination of the ATP assay be used for quantifying peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while the more economic MTS colorimetric assay is well suited to be used detecting cell viability of cancer cells. In addition, we found paclitaxel (Taxol, MP Biomedicals Australasia Pty Ltd., Seven Hills, NSW, Australia) to be a useful control for this routine screening methodology. Taxol exhibits the desirable in vitro feature of differential cytotoxicity that spares the immunological cells, when used at a concentration that will kill the majority of the cancer cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwant Kaur Sekhon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mo IFY, Yip KHK, Chan WK, Law HKW, Lau YL, Chan GCF. Prolonged exposure to bacterial toxins downregulated expression of toll-like receptors in mesenchymal stromal cell-derived osteoprogenitors. BMC Cell Biol 2008; 9:52. [PMID: 18799018 PMCID: PMC2567970 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-9-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs, also known as mesenchymal stem cells) are multipotent cells with potential therapeutic value. Owing to their osteogenic capability, MSCs may be clinically applied for facilitating osseointegration in dental implants or orthopedic repair of bony defect. However, whether wound infection or oral microflora may interfere with the growth and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs remains unknown. This study investigated whether proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs would be affected by potent gram-positive and gram-negative derived bacterial toxins commonly found in human settings. Results We selected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Streptococcus pyogenes as our toxins of choice. Our findings showed both LPS and LTA did not affect MSC proliferation, but prolonged LPS challenge upregulated the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. Because toll-like receptors (TLRs), in particularly TLR4 and TLR2, are important for the cellular responsiveness to LPS and LTA respectively, we evaluated their expression profiles serially from MSCs to osteoblasts by quantitative PCR. We found that during osteogenic differentiation, MSC-derived osteoprogenitors gradually expressed TLR2 and TLR4 by Day 12. But under prolonged incubation with LPS, MSC-derived osteoprogenitors had reduced TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression. This peculiar response to LPS suggests a possible adaptive mechanism when MSCs are subjected to continuous exposure with bacteria. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings support the potential of using human MSCs as a biological graft, even under a bacterial toxin-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fung Ying Mo
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Chan WK, Lau ASY, Li JCB, Law HKW, Lau YL, Chan GCF. MHC expression kinetics and immunogenicity of mesenchymal stromal cells after short-term IFN-gamma challenge. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1545-55. [PMID: 18715686 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Under the influence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are conditional antigen-presenting cells, which have immunosuppressive potential. Apart from IFN-gamma upregulation of major histocompatibility complexes class I and II (MHC-I and MHC-II) expression, the underlying kinetics and mechanisms have not been described previously. This information is helpful to delineate how human MSCs can be modulated by IFN-gamma in different clinical scenarios. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we demonstrated that IFN-gamma-treated MSCs underwent classical signal transduction pathway via phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-1, activation of interferon regulatory factor-1, and class II transactivator comparable to that of primary human blood macrophages. RESULTS IFN-gamma markedly induced expression of MHC-I instantly, while its effects on MHC-II were less dramatic and delayed up to 4 days. This is due to a slower intracellular transport of the MHC-II antigen to the membrane surface. More important is that MSCs showed a reduction in their proliferation by 50% without evidence of cell death after prolonged IFN-gamma treatment for 8 days. High-dose IFN-gamma-treated MSCs (500 U/mL) could initiate T-cell activation as indicated by expression of CD25 and proliferation of allogeneic T cells. CONCLUSIONS The summative IFN-gamma effects will adversely affect the immunoprivilege status and lifespan of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhou L, Chan WK, Xu N, Xiao K, Luo H, Luo KQ, Chang DC. Tanshinone IIA, an isolated compound from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, induces apoptosis in HeLa cells through mitotic arrest. Life Sci 2008; 83:394-403. [PMID: 18721815 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of its anti-cancer effect. MAIN METHODS To clearly delineate the cell cycle-dependent effects of Tan IIA, we used either synchronized cells or single living cell analysis to conduct our studies. Subcellular fractionation, Western blot analysis, immuno-fluorescence staining and FACS analysis were also employed in our study. KEY FINDINGS We found that Tan IIA could arrest cancer cells in mitosis by disrupting the mitotic spindle and subsequently triggered cells to enter apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Thus, Tan IIA could selectively kill mitotic cells over interphase cells. In comparison with other existing anti-cancer drugs that cause mitotic arrest by interfering with the microtubule structure (such as vincristine or taxol), Tan IIA destroyed only the mitotic spindle during the M phase but not the microtubule structure in interphase cells. Furthermore, Tan IIA could trigger the mitotic arrested cells to enter apoptosis faster than vincristine or taxol. SIGNIFICANCE Since Tan IIA can selectively induce cancer cells to enter apoptosis through mitotic arrest, it has the potential to be developed into an anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhou
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Chan WK, Cheung CCH, Law HKW, Lau YL, Chan GCF. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides can induce human monocytic leukemia cells into dendritic cells with immuno-stimulatory function. J Hematol Oncol 2008; 1:9. [PMID: 18644156 PMCID: PMC2517069 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies demonstrated Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PS), a form of bioactive β-glucan can stimulate the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC). The question of how leukemic cells especially in monocytic lineage respond to GL-PS stimuli remains unclear. Results In this study, we used in vitro culture model with leukemic monocytic cell-lines THP-1 and U937 as monocytic effectors cells for proliferation responses and DCs induction. We treated the THP-1 and U937 cells with purified GL-PS (100 μg/mL) or GL-PS with GM-CSF/IL-4. GL-PS alone induced proliferative response on both THP-1 and U937 cells but only THP-1 transformed into typical DC morphology when stimulated with GL-PS plus GM-CSF/IL-4. The transformed THP-1 DCs had significant increase expression of HLA-DR, CD40, CD80 and CD86 though not as high as the extent of normal monocyte-derived DCs. They had similar antigen-uptake ability as the normal monocyte-derived DCs positive control. However, their potency in inducing allogeneic T cell proliferation was also less than that of normal monocyte-derived DCs. Conclusion Our findings suggested that GL-PS could induce selected monocytic leukemic cell differentiation into DCs with immuno-stimulatory function. The possible clinical impact of using this commonly used medicinal mushroom in patients with monocytic leukemia (AML-M4 and M5) deserved further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Keung Chan
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Tam KH, Cheung CK, Leung YH, Djurisić AB, Ling CC, Beling CD, Fung S, Kwok WM, Chan WK, Phillips DL, Ding L, Ge WK. Defects in ZnO nanorods prepared by a hydrothermal method. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:20865-71. [PMID: 17048900 DOI: 10.1021/jp063239w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ZnO nanorod arrays were fabricated using a hydrothermal method. The nanorods were studied by scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and positron annihilation spectroscopy before and after annealing in different environments and at different temperatures. Annealing atmosphere and temperature had significant effects on the PL spectrum, while in all cases the positron diffusion length and PL decay times were increased. We found that, while the defect emission can be significantly reduced by annealing at 200 degrees C, the rods still have large defect concentrations as confirmed by their low positron diffusion length and short PL decay time constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Tam
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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