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Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Health and Disease. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S82-92. [PMID: 31795607 PMCID: PMC6905205 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938214.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a central pathological feature of several acute and chronic brain diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). It induces microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the production of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. Exercise, which plays an important role in maintaining and improving brain health, might be a highly effective intervention for preventing neuroinflammation-related diseases. Thus, since exercise can improve the neuroimmune response, we hypothesized that exercise would attenuate neuroinflammation-related diseases. In this review, we will highlight (1) the biological mechanisms that underlie AD, PD, ALS, and MS, including the neuroinflammation pathways associated with microglia activation, NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species, and (2) the role of exercise in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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HMGA1 Modulates Gene Transcription Sustaining a Tumor Signalling Pathway Acting on the Epigenetic Status of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081105. [PMID: 31382504 PMCID: PMC6721465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin accessibility plays a critical factor in regulating gene expression in cancer cells. Several factors, including the High Mobility Group A (HMGA) family members, are known to participate directly in chromatin relaxation and transcriptional activation. The HMGA1 oncogene encodes an architectural chromatin transcription factor that alters DNA structure and interacts with transcription factors favouring their landing onto transcription regulatory sequences. Here, we provide evidence of an additional mechanism exploited by HMGA1 to modulate transcription. We demonstrate that, in a triple-negative breast cancer cellular model, HMGA1 sustains the action of epigenetic modifiers and in particular it positively influences both histone H3S10 phosphorylation by ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 (RSK2) and histone H2BK5 acetylation by CREB-binding protein (CBP). HMGA1, RSK2, and CBP control the expression of a set of genes involved in tumor progression and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that HMGA1 has an effect on the epigenetic status of cancer cells and that it could be exploited as a responsiveness predictor for epigenetic therapies in triple-negative breast cancers.
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Ji YP, Shi TY, Zhang YY, Lin D, Linghu KG, Xu YN, Tao L, Lu Q, Shen XC. Essential oil from Fructus Alpinia zerumbet (fruit of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt.et Smith) protected against aortic endothelial cell injury and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:149-158. [PMID: 30880260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Alpinia zerumbet (FAZ), a dry and ripe fruit of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith, is widely used as a spice to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinic as a miao folk medicine in Guizhou Province of China. Essential oil extracted from FAZ (EOFAZ) is the key bioactive ingredients. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to examine the effects and mechanisms of EOFAZ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell injury, inflammation and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the in vitro study, LPS-treated human aortic endothelial cells were used to perform PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. For the in vivo study, male mouse were divided into four groups, vehicle control group and LPS group received 0.5% Tween-80 in saline; and two EOFAZ groups receive different dose of EOFAZ (90 mg kg -1·day-1, 180 mg kg -1·day-1) respectively. Each group was fed for 7 days by intragastrical administration at daily base. Then, except vehicle control group received saline, mice in other three groups were administered with LPS (1 mg kg -1, dissolved in saline) by intraperitoneal injection. 24 h later, Aorta tissue was collected and frozen immediately in liquid N2, stored at -80 °C for western blot analysis. RESULTS We found that EOFAZ completely prevented LPS-induced HAEC activation and inflammation in vitro and in vivo, as assessed by expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Similarly, EOFAZ significantly blunted LPS-induced endothelial injury, as tested by MTT assay, LDH release and caspase-3 activation. We further demonstrated that TLR4-dependent NF-κB signaling may be involved in the process. CONCLUSION EOFAZ protected against LPS-induced endothelial cell injury and inflammation likely via inhibition of TLR4-dependent NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Ji
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Yu Shi
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Department of Neonatal Disease Screening, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Dan Lin
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ke-Gang Linghu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yi-Ni Xu
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/ Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Xiang-Chun Shen
- The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medica (the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicianl Pharmacology and Drug Ability, The Union Key Laboratory of Guiyang City-Guizhou Medical Univeristy, The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilizaiton of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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Otkur W, Wang F, Liu W, Hayashi T, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Persistent IKKα phosphorylation induced apoptosis in UVB and Poly I:C co-treated HaCaT cells plausibly through pro-apoptotic p73 and abrogation of IκBα. Mol Immunol 2018; 104:69-78. [PMID: 30445257 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a member of pattern recognition receptors, is reported to initiate skin inflammation by recognizing double-strand RNA (dsRNA) released from UVB-irradiated cells. Recently, we have discovered the NF-κB pathway activated by TLR3 is involved in apoptosis of UVB-Poly I:C-treated HaCaT cells. The real culprit for apoptosis has not been precisely identified since the system of NF-κB pathway is complex. In this study, we silenced main transcriptional factors in NF-κB family, RelA, RelB and c-Rel, but to our surprise the results show that none of them participate in apoptosis induction in UVB-Poly I:C-treated HaCaT cells. Therefore, we moved to investigate the apoptosis-associated molecules in the upstream of NF-κB pathway. We firstly checked the expression of IκBα, an NF-κB inhibitor. UVB (4.8 mJ/cm2) and Poly I:C (0.3 μg/mL) co-treatment decreased IκBα expression level in a time-dependent manner. Silencing IκBα with siRNA further enhanced UVB-Poly I:C-induced cell death. We then investigated IκB kinase (IKK) complex that contributes to the degradation of IκBα. IKK is composed of IKKα, IKKβ and NEMO. Treatment with IKK-16, an IKKα/β inhibitor, significantly diminished UVB-Poly I:C-induced IκBα degradation and thus apoptosis. Silencing either IKKα or NEMO but not IKKβ with corresponding siRNA inhibited apoptosis. Tumor repressor p73, a homologue of p53, is reported to mediate IKKα-induced apoptosis in DNA damage response. Silencing p73 reduced cell apoptosis in UVB-Poly I:C-treated HaCaT cells. In summary, UVB and Poly I:C co-treatment activates IKKα and NEMO, which diminishes anti-apoptotic IκBα, resulting in enhancement of apoptosis through p73. The findings partially clarify the possible molecular mechanism of pro-apoptotic NF-κB pathway activated by TLR3 in the fate of UVB-irradiated epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiyar Otkur
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fang Wang
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- Department of Medical Education & Primary Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajiicho 465, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Zhang F, Lv HZ, Liu JM, Ye XY, Wang CC. UNBS5162 inhibits colon cancer growth via suppression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34 Focus issue F1:99-104. [PMID: 30403183 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201834f117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism of tumor progression of colon cancer remains far from being elucidated. In the present study, we report the role of UNBS5162 in colon cancer. UNBS5162 is a naphthalimide that can intercalate into DNA and suppress the expression level of CXCL chemokines. Here, we investigated its effect on cell proliferation, mobility and apoptosis in HCT116 cells, and explored the underlying mechanism. A CCK8 assay revealed that UNBS5162 can block the proliferation of colon cancer cells. Base on a Transwell assay, we showed that cell migration and invasion ability of HCT116 cells are inhibited by UNBS5162. In addition, Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and Western blot analysis were performed to detect whether UNBS5162 could induce cell apoptosis. The results indicated that UNBS5162 increases the number of apoptotic cells remarkably. Furthermore, Western blot analysis demonstrated that UNBS5162 down-regulates the expression level of Bcl2, and up-regulates that of Bax as well as the level of activated Caspase-3. Moreover, we examined the impact of UNBS5162 on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. UNBS5162 substantially inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effector mTOR, and reduced the expression of p-70. Taken together, these results suggest that UNBS5162 should be considered as a potent therapeutic anticancer agent that targets the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630 PR China
| | - Hui-Zeng Lv
- Department 1 of General Surgery, the 5th Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, PR China
| | - Ji-Ming Liu
- Department 1 of General Surgery, the 5th Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yong Ye
- Department 1 of General Surgery, the 5th Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, PR China
| | - Cun-Chuan Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630 PR China
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Anzalone G, Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Riccobono L, Bonanno A, Gagliardo R, Bucchieri F, Marchese R, Moscato M, Profita M. IL-17A-associated IKK-α signaling induced TSLP production in epithelial cells of COPD patients. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30291224 PMCID: PMC6173689 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine expressed in the epithelium, involved in the pathogenesis of chronic disease. IL-17A regulates airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduction of steroid sensitivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). TSLP and IL-17A were measured in induced sputum supernatants (ISs) from healthy controls (HC), healthy smokers (HS), and COPD patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) and normal bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with rhIL-17A or ISs from COPD patients to evaluate TSLP protein and mRNA expression. The effects of the depletion of IL-17A in ISs, an anticholinergic drug, and the silencing of inhibitor kappa kinase alpha (IKKα) on TSLP production were evaluated in 16HBE cells. Coimmunoprecipitation of acetyl-histone H3(Lys14)/IKKα was evaluated in 16HBE cells treated with rhIL-17A and in the presence of the drug. TSLP and IL-17A levels were higher in ISs from COPD patients and HS compared with HC. TSLP protein and mRNA increased in 16HBE cells and in normal bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with ISs from COPD patients compared with ISs from HC and untreated cells. IKKα silencing reduced TSLP production in 16HBE cells stimulated with rhIL-17A and ISs from COPD patients. RhIL-17A increased the IKKα/acetyl-histone H3 immunoprecipitation in 16HBE cells. The anticholinergic drug affects TSLP protein and mRNA levels in bronchial epithelial cells treated with rhIL-17A or with ISs from COPD patients, and IKKα mediated acetyl-histone H3(Lys14). IL-17A/IKKα signaling induced the mechanism of chromatin remodeling associated with acetyl-histone H3(Lys14) and TSLP production in bronchial epithelial cells. Anticholinergic drugs might target TSLP derived from epithelial cells during the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche (BioNec), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Marchese
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Moscato
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy.
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Jung EJ, Chung KH, Kim CW. Identification of simvastatin-regulated targets associated with JNK activation in DU145 human prostate cancer cell death signaling. BMB Rep 2018; 50:466-471. [PMID: 28803608 PMCID: PMC5625694 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.9.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of this study show that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation was associated with the enhancement of docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity by simvastatin in DU145 human prostate cancer cells. To better understand the basic molecular mechanisms, we investigated simvastatin-regulated targets during simvastatin-induced cell death in DU145 cells using two-dimensional (2D) proteomic analysis. Thus, vimentin, Ras-related protein Rab-1B (RAB1B), cytoplasmic hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase (cHMGCS), thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), and isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1 (IDI1) protein spots were identified as simvastatin-regulated targets involved in DU145 cell death signaling pathways. Moreover, the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly inhibited the upregulation of NDRG1 and IDI protein levels by combination treatment of docetaxel and simvastatin. These results suggest that NDRG1 and IDI could at least play an important role in DU145 cell death signaling as simvastatin-regulated targets associated with JNK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Ky Hyun Chung
- Department of Urology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
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Kong W, Kang K, Gao Y, Liu H, Meng X, Yang S, Yu K, Zhao M. Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in mice. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5040-5047. [PMID: 29218102 PMCID: PMC5714788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in LPS-induced septic cardiomyopathy in mice. C57BL/6 mice were used to construct septic cardiomyopathy models. The optimal duration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment was determined by HE staining and TUNEL assay. Blank controls were intraperitoneally injected with saline and models were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg) (LPS), α-bungarotoxin (BT-LPS), BT and dexmedetomidine (BT-DEX-LPS). The pathological examinations were performed on HE- stained myocardium tissues, apoptosis was determined using TUNEL assay, mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Bcl-2, Bax, p53 and α7nACh was quantified using qRT-PCR, protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) were analyzed using Western blot analysis. HE staining and TUNEL assays showed that the optimal LPS treatment time for septic cardiomyopathy induction was 16 h. Compared with the blank control, mice in LPS group had significantly higher apoptosis, while DEX and BT reduced apoptosis when they were used separately and increased apoptosis when they were used jointly. In the LPS-treated mice, the levels of NF-κb p65, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Bax, p53, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and p-STAT3 were significantly increased, while α7nAChR level was decreased significantly (P < 0.01); DEX alone had no impact on the expression of these proteins but significantly up-regulated the expression of these genes except α7nAChR when used jointly with BT (P < 0.01). It is clear that DEX can alleviate heart injury, while α7nAChR-specific blocker BT is antagonistic against the anti-inflammatory effect of DEX on sepsis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Kong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
| | - Xianglin Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Songliu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine in Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001, China
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Kaur T, Kaur G. Withania somnifera as a potential candidate to ameliorate high fat diet-induced anxiety and neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:201. [PMID: 29025435 PMCID: PMC5639730 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemic of obesity has reached alarming levels in both developing and developed nations. Excessive calorie intake and sedentary lifestyle due to technological advancements are the main causal factors for overweight and obesity among the human population. Obesity has been associated with a number of co-morbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration and dementia. The progression of neurological disorders in obese subjects has been mainly attributed to neuroinflammation. Withania somnifera has been used in numerous Ayurvedic formulations owing to its wide array of health-promoting properties. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis whether dry leaf powder of W. somnifera has anxiolytic and anti-neuroinflammatory potential in diet-induced obesity. Methods Young adult female rats were divided into four groups: low fat diet group (LFD) fed with regular chow feed, high fat diet group (HFD) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight, low fat diet plus extract group (LFDE) fed with regular chow feed supplemented with dry leaf powder of W. somnifera 1 mg/g of body weight (ASH), and high fat diet plus extract group (HFDE) fed with diet containing 30% fat by weight and supplemented with ASH. All the animals were kept on respective feeding regimen for 12 weeks; following which, the animals were tested for their anxiety-like behavior using elevated plus maze test. The animals were sacrificed and used to study various inflammatory markers such as GFAP, Iba1, PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and various markers of NF-κB pathway by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. Serum levels of leptin, insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also assayed. Results ASH treated rats showed less anxiety levels as compared to HFD animals. At molecular level, ASH ameliorated the HFD-induced reactive gliosis and microgliosis and suppressed the expression of inflammatory markers such as PPARγ, iNOS, MCP-1, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6. Further, ASH ameliorated leptin and insulin resistance and prevented HFD-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Dry leaf powder of W. somnifera may prove to be a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with obesity and may prevent its co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Zahedipour F, Dalirfardouei R, Karimi G, Jamialahmadi K. Molecular mechanisms of anticancer effects of Glucosamine. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1051-1058. [PMID: 28922722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine is an amino sugar that is produced naturally in human body. It is an essential carbohydrate component of many cellular glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). This popular over-the-counter supplement is also found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Glucosamine and its derivatives have a long history in medicine for inflammatory conditions specially to relieve arthritis. This dietary supplement has numerous biological and pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-fibrotic, neuroprotective and cardioprotective activities. Many studies have shown that glucosamine has anti-cancer activity through influence on biological pathways involved in cell death, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Accordingly, this comprehensive review summarizes anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of glucosamine in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Razieh Dalirfardouei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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61
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Anthony NG, Baiget J, Berretta G, Boyd M, Breen D, Edwards J, Gamble C, Gray AI, Harvey AL, Hatziieremia S, Ho KH, Huggan JK, Lang S, Llona-Minguez S, Luo JL, McIntosh K, Paul A, Plevin RJ, Robertson MN, Scott R, Suckling CJ, Sutcliffe OB, Young LC, Mackay SP. Inhibitory Kappa B Kinase α (IKKα) Inhibitors That Recapitulate Their Selectivity in Cells against Isoform-Related Biomarkers. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7043-7066. [PMID: 28737909 PMCID: PMC5578373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
IKKβ plays a central role in the canonical NF-kB pathway, which has been extensively characterized. The role of IKKα in the noncanonical NF-kB pathway, and indeed in the canonical pathway as a complex with IKKβ, is less well understood. One major reason for this is the absence of chemical tools designed as selective inhibitors for IKKα over IKKβ. Herein, we report for the first time a series of novel, potent, and selective inhibitors of IKKα. We demonstrate effective target engagement and selectivity with IKKα in U2OS cells through inhibition of IKKα-driven p100 phosphorylation in the noncanonical NF-kB pathway without affecting IKKβ-dependent IKappa-Bα loss in the canonical pathway. These compounds represent the first chemical tools that can be used to further characterize the role of IKKα in cellular signaling, to dissect this from IKKβ and to validate it in its own right as a target in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahoum G. Anthony
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Jessica Baiget
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Giacomo Berretta
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Marie Boyd
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - David Breen
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute
of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Carly Gamble
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexander I. Gray
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Alan L. Harvey
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Sophia Hatziieremia
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Ka Ho Ho
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Judith K. Huggan
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Stuart Lang
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sabin Llona-Minguez
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Jia Lin Luo
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Kathryn McIntosh
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Murray N. Robertson
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Scott
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver B. Sutcliffe
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Louise C. Young
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, United
Kingdom
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62
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Arumugam S, Mincheva-Tasheva S, Periyakaruppiah A, de la Fuente S, Soler RM, Garcera A. Regulation of Survival Motor Neuron Protein by the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway in Mouse Spinal Cord Motoneurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:5019-5030. [PMID: 28808928 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Survival motor neuron (SMN) protein deficiency causes the genetic neuromuscular disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), characterized by spinal cord motoneuron degeneration. Since SMN protein level is critical to disease onset and severity, analysis of the mechanisms involved in SMN stability is one of the central goals of SMA research. Here, we describe the role of several members of the NF-κB pathway in regulating SMN in motoneurons. NF-κB is one of the main regulators of motoneuron survival and pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB pathway activity also induces mouse survival motor neuron (Smn) protein decrease. Using a lentiviral-based shRNA approach to reduce the expression of several members of NF-κB pathway, we observed that IKK and RelA knockdown caused Smn reduction in mouse-cultured motoneurons whereas IKK or RelB knockdown did not. Moreover, isolated motoneurons obtained from the severe SMA mouse model showed reduced protein levels of several NF-κB members and RelA phosphorylation. We describe the alteration of NF-κB pathway in SMA cells. In the context of recent studies suggesting regulation of altered intracellular pathways as a future pharmacological treatment of SMA, we propose the NF-κB pathway as a candidate in this new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Arumugam
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Stefka Mincheva-Tasheva
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ambika Periyakaruppiah
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Sandra de la Fuente
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa M Soler
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ana Garcera
- Unitat de Senyalització Neuronal, Dep. Medicina Experimental, Universitat de Lleida-IRBLLEIDA, Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
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63
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Ji CL, Jiang H, Tao MQ, Wu WT, Jiang J, Zuo J. Selective regulation of IKKβ/NF-κB pathway involved in proliferation inhibition of HFLS-RA cells induced by 1,7-dihydroxyl-3,4-dimethoxylxanthone. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:486-495. [PMID: 28962819 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease, however, available regimes exert little influence on it's long-term prognosis. The aim of the current study is to investigate potential effects of 1,7-dihydroxyl-3,4-dimethoxyl-xanthone (XAN) in HFLS-RA cells and describe the underlying mechanisms of induction of NF-κB activity. Viability of cells was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was employed to assess the pro-apoptotic effects. Modulation on NF-κB signaling was investigated by RT-qPCR, Western-blot and immunofluorescence methods. It was found that XAN induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of HFLS-RA cells in the concentration-dependent manner, which were strengthened by pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid but antagonized by IKK16. NF-κB signaling was abrogated shortly after the treatment of XAN via various means including mRNA expression, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, which leaded to up-regulation of p38 and down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Simultaneous suppressions on p-IKKβ, p-IκB and p-p65 suggested the regulation on NF-κB was IKKβ mediated. Meanwhile, XAN promoted the expression of IKKα, which has a possible connection to pro-apoptotic effects suggested by the up-regulated cleaved PARP. These findings indicated IKKβ/NF-κB mediates the proliferation of HFLS-RA cells inhibited by XAN, and divergent regulations on IKKs could provide synergic effects on the cells' proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lan Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Pharmacy Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Meng-Qing Tao
- Pharmacy Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei-Ting Wu
- Department of Basic Course, Wuhu Medicine and Health School, Wuhu, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Pharmacy Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Pharmacy Department, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Polysaccharides Drug, Wuhu, China.
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64
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He Z, Wang F, Zhang J, Sen S, Pang Q, Luo S, Gwack Y, Sun Z. Regulation of Th17 Differentiation by IKKα-Dependent and -Independent Phosphorylation of RORγt. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:955-964. [PMID: 28667162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor retinoid acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt transcriptionally regulates the genes required for differentiation of Th17 cells that mediate both protective and pathogenic immunity. However, little is known about the function of posttranslational modifications in the regulation of RORγt activity. Mass spectrometric analysis of immunoprecipitated RORγt from Th17 cells identified multiple phosphorylation sites. Systematic mutation analysis of the identified phosphorylation sites found that phosphorylation of S376 enhances whereas phosphorylation of S484 inhibits Th17 differentiation. IκB kinase (IKK)α binds and phosphorylates RORγt at S376 but not S484. Knockdown of IKKα, dominant-negative IKKα, and RORγt mutants incapable of interacting with IKKα all decrease Th17 differentiation. Furthermore, nonphosophorylatable RORγt mutant (S376A) impairs whereas phosphomimetic mutant (S376E) stimulates Th17 differentiation independent of IKKα. Therefore, IKKα-dependent phosphorylation of S376 stimulated whereas IKKα-independent phosphorylation of S484 inhibited RORγt function in Th17 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng He
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Subha Sen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Qihua Pang
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010.,School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; and
| | - Shengwei Luo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010.,School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; and
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010;
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65
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Xing F, Matsumiya T, Shiba Y, Hayakari R, Yoshida H, Imaizumi T. Non-Canonical Role of IKKα in the Regulation of STAT1 Phosphorylation in Antiviral Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168696. [PMID: 27992555 PMCID: PMC5167405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-self RNA is recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), inducing type I interferons (IFNs). Type I IFN promotes the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which requires the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1). We previously reported that dsRNA induced STAT1 phosphorylation via a type I IFN-independent pathway in addition to the well-known type I IFN-dependent pathway. IκB kinase α (IKKα) is involved in antiviral signaling induced by dsRNA; however, its role is incompletely understood. Here, we explored the function of IKKα in RLR-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation. Silencing of IKKα markedly decreased the level of IFN-β and STAT1 phosphorylation inHeH response to dsRNA. However, the inhibition of IKKα did not alter the RLR signaling-mediated dimerization of interferon responsive factor 3 (IRF3) or the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB). These results suggest a non-canonical role of IKKα in RLR signaling. Furthermore, phosphorylation of STAT1 was suppressed by IKKα knockdown in cells treated with a specific neutralizing antibody for the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) and in IFNAR-deficient cells. Collectively, the dual regulation of STAT1 by IKKα in antiviral signaling suggests a role for IKKα in the fine-tuning of antiviral signaling in response to non-self RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Shiba
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayakari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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66
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Leopizzi M, Cocchiola R, Milanetti E, Raimondo D, Politi L, Giordano C, Scandurra R, Scotto d'Abusco A. IKKα inibition by a glucosamine derivative enhances Maspin expression in osteosarcoma cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 262:19-28. [PMID: 27931795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been associated to cancer development by the alteration of several inflammatory pathways, such as Nuclear Factor-κB pathway. In particular, IκB kinase α (IKKα), one of two catalytic subunit of IKK complex, has been described to be associated to cancer progression and metastasis in a number of cancers. The molecular mechanism by which IKKα affects cancer progression is not yet completely clarified, anyway an association between IKKα and the expression of Maspin (Mammary Serine Protease Inhibitor or SerpinB5), a tumor suppressor protein, has been described. IKKα shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus, and when is localized into the nuclei, IKKα regulates the expression of several genes, among them Maspin gene, whose expression is repressed by high amount of nuclear IKKα. Considering that high levels of Maspin have been associated with reduced metastatic progression, it could be hypothesized that the repression of IKKα nuclear translocation could be associated with the repression of metastatic phenotype. The present study is aimed to explore the ability of a glucosamine derivative, 2-(N-Carbobenzyloxy)l-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose (NCPA), synthesized in our laboratory, to stimulate the production of Maspin in an osteosarcoma cell line, 143B. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting experiments showed that NCPA is able to inhibit IKKα nuclear translocation, and to stimulate Maspin production. Moreover, in association with stimulation of Maspin production we found the decrease of β1 Integrin expression, the down-regulation of metalloproteases MMP-9 and MMP-13 production and cell migration inhibition. Taking in account that β1 Integrin and MMP-9 and -13 have been correlated with the invasiveness of osteosarcoma, considering that NCPA affects the invasiveness of 143B cell line, we suggest that this molecule could affect the osteosarcoma metastatic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Leopizzi
- Dept of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sapienza University, Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy
| | - Rossana Cocchiola
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Dept. of Physics, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Politi
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Cesare Giordano
- Biomolecular Chemistry CNR Institute, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Scandurra
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d'Abusco
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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67
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Zhang J, Xia J, Zhang Y, Xiao F, Wang J, Gao H, Liu Y, Rong S, Yao Y, Xu G, Li J. HMGB1-TLR4 signaling participates in renal ischemia reperfusion injury and could be attenuated by dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of the ERK/NF-κB pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4054-4067. [PMID: 27829992 PMCID: PMC5095301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the HMGB1-TLR4 (High-mobility group protein B1, toll-like receptor 4) pathway participates in renal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) and that dexamethasone (DEX) could protect the kidney against IRI. This study aims to examine the protective effects of DEX on renal IRI and further explore the possible mechanism of action. During mouse renal IRI, HMGB1-TLR4 signals changed markedly including HMGB1 translocation and TLR4 up-regulation, resulting in histological damage and an increase in MPO expression. Treatment with DEX markedly decreased the damage to renal function (serum Cr and BUN; kidney KIM-1 expression) and the histological pathology of the kidney after renal IRI. The activation of GR by DEX did not suppress p38 and JNK activity but inhibited ERK phosphorylation. Treatment with DEX also attenuated IκB-α phosphorylation and further reduced NF-κB expression in the nucleus by decreasing acetylation of the p65 subunit. Furthermore, the HMGB1-TLR4 inflammatory pathway was inhibited via the attenuated translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the down-regulation of TLR4 expression through DEX treatment. The inhibition of HMGB1 translocation may interact with acetyltransferase and attenuate HMGB1 acetylation. As a result, the levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were down-regulated and inflammatory cell infiltration after renal IRI was attenuated by treatment with DEX. This study demonstrated that the HMGB1-TLR4 pathway may play a critical role in renal IRI. DEX may attenuate renal IRI by suppressing ERK and NF-κB activation, followed by attenuating the HMGB1-TLR4 pathway through inhibiting acetyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, and University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jumei Xia
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyPeople’s Republic of China
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68
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The IKKα-dependent non-canonical pathway of NF-κB activation is constitutively active and modulates progression-related functions in a subset of human melanomas. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:733-742. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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69
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Hsiao YC, Yeh MH, Chen YJ, Liu JF, Tang CH, Huang WC. Lapatinib increases motility of triple-negative breast cancer cells by decreasing miRNA-7 and inducing Raf-1/MAPK-dependent interleukin-6. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37965-78. [PMID: 26513016 PMCID: PMC4741977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib, a dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been approved for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, its inhibitory effect on EGFR did not deliver clinical benefits for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients even EGFR overexpression was frequently found in this disease. Moreover, lapatinib was unexpectedly found to enhance metastasis of TNBC cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we explored that the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was elevated in lapatinib-treated TNBC cells. Treatment with IL-6 antibody abolished the lapatinib-induced migration. Mechanistically, the signaling axis of Raf-1/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), p38 MAPK, and activator protein 1 (AP-1) was activated in response to lapatinib treatment to induce IL-6 expression. Furthermore, our data showed that microRNA-7 directly binds and inhibits Raf-1 3'UTR activity, and that down-regulation of miR-7 by lapatinib contributes to the activation of Raf-1 signaling pathway and the induction of IL-6 expression. Our results not only revealed IL-6 as a key regulator of lapatinib-induced metastasis, but also explored the requirement of miR7/Raf-1/MAPK/AP-1 axis in lapatinib-induced IL-6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Hsiao
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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70
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Shukla S, Kanwal R, Shankar E, Datt M, Chance MR, Fu P, MacLennan GT, Gupta S. Apigenin blocks IKKα activation and suppresses prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31216-32. [PMID: 26435478 PMCID: PMC4741599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
IKKα has been implicated as a key regulator of oncogenesis and driver of the metastatic process; therefore is regarded as a promising therapeutic target in anticancer drug development. In spite of the progress made in the development of IKK inhibitors, no potent IKKα inhibitor(s) have been identified. Our multistep approach of molecular modeling and direct binding has led to the identification of plant flavone apigenin as a specific IKKα inhibitor. Here we report apigenin, in micro molar range, inhibits IKKα kinase activity, demonstrates anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activities in functional cell based assays and exhibits anticancer efficacy in experimental tumor model. We found that apigenin directly binds with IKKα, attenuates IKKα kinase activity and suppresses NF-ĸB/p65 activation in human prostate cancer PC-3 and 22Rv1 cells much more effectively than IKK inhibitor, PS1145. We also showed that apigenin caused cell cycle arrest similar to knockdown of IKKα in prostate cancer cells. Studies in xenograft mouse model indicate that apigenin feeding suppresses tumor growth, lowers proliferation and enhances apoptosis. These effects correlated with inhibition of p-IKKα, NF-ĸB/p65, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and increase in cleaved caspase 3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, our results suggest that inhibition of cell proliferation, invasiveness and decrease in tumor growth by apigenin are mediated by its ability to suppress IKKα and downstream targets affecting NF-ĸB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Rajnee Kanwal
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Manish Datt
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Mark R Chance
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Pingfu Fu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Gregory T MacLennan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Divison of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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71
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Shabab T, Khanabdali R, Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Mohan G. Neuroinflammation pathways: a general review. Int J Neurosci 2016; 127:624-633. [PMID: 27412492 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1212854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activated microglial cells play an important role in immune and inflammatory responses in central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. Many pro-apoptotic pathways are mediated by signaling molecules that are produced during neuroinflammation. In glial cells, NF-κB, a transcription factor, initiates and regulates the expression of several inflammatory processes during inflammation which are attributed to the pathology of the several neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the most important neuroinflammatory mediators with their pathways. Attenuating cytokines production and controlling microglial inflammatory response, which are the result of understanding neuroinflammation pathways, are considered therapeutic strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Shabab
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Ramin Khanabdali
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.,c Department of Perinatal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre , Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Australia
| | - Soheil Zorofchian Moghadamtousi
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Gokula Mohan
- a Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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72
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Jayaraman S, Doucet M, Lau WM, Kominsky SL. CITED2 Modulates Breast Cancer Metastatic Ability through Effects on IKKα. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:730-9. [PMID: 27216153 PMCID: PMC4987170 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previously, we identified the transcriptional coactivator CITED2 as a potential facilitator of bone metastasis using a murine mammary cancer model. Extending these studies to human breast cancer, it was observed that CITED2 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in patient specimens of metastatic breast cancer relative to primary tumors, with highest levels in metastasis to bone relative to non-bone sites. To further evaluate CITED2 functions in breast cancer metastasis, CITED2 expression was stably reduced in the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, which are metastatic in animal models. While CITED2 knockdown had no effect on cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion were significantly reduced, as was the establishment of metastasis following intracardiac administration in athymic nude mice. To explore the mechanism behind these effects, gene expression following CITED2 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells by cDNA microarray was performed. As confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, expression of the NF-κB regulator IKKα was significantly reduced, along with several NF-κB targets with known roles in metastasis (OPN, MMP9, uPA, SPARC, IL11, and IL1β). Furthermore, ChIP assay revealed recruitment of CITED2 to the promoter of IKKα, indicating a direct role in regulating its expression. Consistent with reduced IKKα expression, CITED2 knockdown inhibited both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Finally, restoration of IKKα expression following CITED2 knockdown in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells rescued their invasive ability. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CITED2 modulates metastatic ability in human breast cancer cells, at least in part, through the regulation of IKKα. IMPLICATIONS The current study highlights the role of CITED2 in facilitating breast cancer metastasis, partly via regulation of IKKα. Mol Cancer Res; 14(8); 730-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaathi Jayaraman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michele Doucet
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Min Lau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Scott L Kominsky
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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73
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Anzalone G, Gagliardo R, Bucchieri F, Albano GD, Siena L, Montalbano AM, Bonanno A, Riccobono L, Pieper MP, Gjomarkaj M, Profita M. IL-17A induces chromatin remodeling promoting IL-8 release in bronchial epithelial cells: Effect of Tiotropium. Life Sci 2016; 152:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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74
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Espín-Palazón R, Traver D. The NF-κB family: Key players during embryonic development and HSC emergence. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:519-27. [PMID: 27132652 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family is a crucial transcription factor group known mainly for its role in the regulation of the immune system and its response to infection in vertebrates. The signaling pathway leading to NF-κB activation and translocation to the nucleus to exert its function as a transcription factor is well conserved among Kingdom Animalia, which has helped to elucidate other roles that NF-κB plays in other biological contexts such as developmental biology. The manipulation of NF-κB members in a diverse range of animal models results in severe developmental defects during embryogenesis, very often leading to embryonic lethality. Defects include dorsal-ventral patterning and limb, liver, skin, lung, neural, notochord, muscle, skeletal, and hematopoietic defects. Here, we recapitulate the research that has been done to address the role that NF-κB plays during embryonic development, in particular to emphasize its recently discovered role in the specification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the foundation of the hematopoietic system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Espín-Palazón
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
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75
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Liu L, Shang Y, Li M, Han X, Wang J, Wang J. Curcumin ameliorates asthmatic airway inflammation by activating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/haem oxygenase (HO)-1 signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:520-9. [PMID: 25739561 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that curcumin alleviates asthma in vivo. However, the relationship between curcumin and the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/haem oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway in asthma treatment remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of curcumin involved in the amelioration of airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model. Curcumin was administrated to asthmatic mice, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected. Inflammatory cell infiltration was measured by Giemsa staining. Immunoglobulin E production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histological analyses were evaluated with haematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Airway hyperresponsiveness was examined by whole-body plethysmography. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, HO-1, nuclear factor-κB and inhibitory κB/p-inhibitory κB levels in lung tissues were detected by western blot, and Nrf2 activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels in the small interfering RNA-transfected cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Curcumin treatment significantly reduced immunoglobulin E production, attenuated inflammatory cell accumulation and goblet cell hyperplasia, and ameliorated mucus secretion and airway hyperresponsiveness. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 and HO-1 levels in lung tissues were significantly increased. Meanwhile, Nrf2 activity was enhanced. Nuclear factor-κB and p-inhibitory κB levels were elevated in the lung tissue of ovalbumin-challenged mice. Both were restored to normal levels after curcumin treatment. Haem oxygenase-1 and nuclear Nrf2 levels were enhanced in dose- and time-dependent manners in curcumin-treated RAW264.7 cells. Curcumin blocked lipopolysaccharide-upregulated expression of tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. After the cells were transfected with HO-1 or Nrf2 small interfering RNA, lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammation cytokine expression was significantly restored. In summary, curcumin might alleviate airway inflammation in asthma through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, potentially making it an effective drug in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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76
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Shi JH, Sun SC. TCR signaling to NF-κB and mTORC1: Expanding roles of the CARMA1 complex. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:546-57. [PMID: 26260210 PMCID: PMC4679546 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Naïve T-cell activation requires signals from both the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the costimulatory molecule CD28. A central mediator of the TCR and CD28 signals is the scaffold protein CARMA1, which functions by forming a complex with partner proteins, Bcl10 and MALT1. A well-known function of the CARMA1 signaling complex is to mediate activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and its target transcription factor NF-κB, thereby promoting T-cell activation and survival. Recent evidence suggests that CARMA1 also mediates TCR/CD28-stimulated activation of the IKK-related kinase TBK1, which plays a role in regulating the homeostasis and migration of T cells. Moreover, the CARMA1 complex connects the TCR/CD28 signals to the activation of mTORC1, a metabolic kinase regulating various aspects of T-cell functions. This review will discuss the mechanism underlying the activation of the CARMA1-dependent signaling pathways and their roles in regulating T-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-hong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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77
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Senegas A, Gautheron J, Maurin AGD, Courtois G. IKK-related genetic diseases: probing NF-κB functions in humans and other matters. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1275-87. [PMID: 25432706 PMCID: PMC11113297 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB plays a key role in numerous physiological processes such as inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation or control of cell death. Its activation is tightly controlled by a kinase complex, IκB kinase (IKK), composed of three core proteins: IKK1/IKKα, IKK2/IKKβ and NEMO/IKKγ. The first two are structurally related kinases whereas the third one is a regulatory subunit exhibiting affinity for upstream activators modified by polyubiquitin chains. Over the years, several inherited diseases caused by mutations of each of the three subunits of IKK have been identified in humans together with diseases caused by mutations of several of its substrates. They are associated with very specific and complex phenotypes involving a broad range of abnormalities such as impaired innate and acquired immune response, perturbed skin development and defects of the central nervous system. Here, we summarize the diverse clinical, cellular and molecular manifestations of IKK-related genetic diseases and show that studying patient-related mutations affecting the IKK subunits and some of their substrates offers the opportunity to understand the various functions of NF-κB in humans, complementing studies performed with mouse models. This analysis also provides glimpses about putative functions of IKK subunits that may be NF-κB-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senegas
- INSERM U1038, iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alice Gentil Dit Maurin
- INSERM U1038, iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Courtois
- INSERM U1038, iRTSV, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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78
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Lin YC, Huang DY, Wang JS, Lin YL, Hsieh SL, Huang KC, Lin WW. Syk is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation through adaptor ASC phosphorylation and enhanced oligomerization. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:825-835. [PMID: 25605870 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0814-371rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is the most crucial member of the NLR family, as it detects the existence of pathogen invasion and self-derived molecules associated with cellular damage. Several studies have reported that excessive NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation is a key factor in the development of diseases. Recent studies have reported that Syk is involved in pathogen-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation; however, the detailed mechanism linking Syk to NLRP3 inflammasome remains unclear. In this study, we showed that Syk mediates NLRP3 stimuli-induced processing of procaspase-1 and the consequent activation of caspase-1. Moreover, the kinase activity of Syk is required to potentiate caspase-1 activation in a reconstituted NLRP3 inflammasome system in HEK293T cells. The adaptor protein ASC bridges NLRP3 with the effector protein caspase-1. Herein, we find that Syk can associate directly with ASC and NLRP3 by its kinase domain but interact indirectly with procaspase-1. Syk can phosphorylate ASC at Y146 and Y187 residues, and the phosphorylation of both residues is critical to enhance ASC oligomerization and the recruitment of procaspase-1. Together, our results reveal a new molecular pathway through which Syk promotes NLRP3 inflammasome formation, resulting from the phosphorylation of ASC. Thus, the control of Syk activity might be effective to modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation and treat NLRP3-related immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cing Lin
- *Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- *Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Shiun Wang
- *Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- *Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- *Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- *Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- *Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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79
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Li KC, Ho YL, Hsieh WT, Huang SS, Chang YS, Huang GJ. Apigenin-7-glycoside prevents LPS-induced acute lung injury via downregulation of oxidative enzyme expression and protein activation through inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1736-54. [PMID: 25590301 PMCID: PMC4307331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin-7-glycoside (AP7Glu) with multiple biological activities is a flavonoid that is currently prescribed to treat inflammatory diseases such as upper respiratory infections. Recently, several studies have shown that its anti-inflammatory activities have been strongly linked to the inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced through phosphorylation nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways. Additionally, inflammation, which can decrease the activities of antioxidative enzymes (AOEs) is also observed in these studies. At the same time, flavonoids are reported to promote the activities of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decreased by LPS. The purpose of this study was to assess these theories in a series of experiments on the suppressive effects of AP7Glu based on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro and acute lung injury in mice in vivo. After six hours of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, pulmonary pathological, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, total polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) cells, cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and AOEs, are all affected and changed. Meanwhile, our data revealed that AP7Glu not only did significantly inhibit the LPS-enhanced inflammatory activity in lung, but also exhibited anti-inflammatory effect through the MAPK and inhibitor NF-κB (IκB) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Cheng Li
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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80
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Luteolin 8-C-β-fucopyranoside downregulates IL-6 expression by inhibiting MAPKs and the NF-κB signaling pathway in human monocytic cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:581-7. [PMID: 25933972 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been suggested that derivatives can improve the effects of original substances. Therefore, we made luteolin derivative luteolin 8-C-β-fucopyranoside (LU8C-FP) for better anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. In a previous study, we demonstrated that LU8C-FP inhibits invasion of human breast cancer cells via suppression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and IL-8, which play major roles in tumor progression and cancer cell invasion. Various stimuli trigger inflammatory responses by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in THP-1 cells. IL-6 induces inflammation via inducing various cytokines and appears to be a potential mediator of inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the precise mechanism by which LU8C-FP inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced IL-6 mRNA and protein expression. We showed LU8C-FP downregulated IL-6 expression by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases and the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway in human monocytic cells. Furthermore, LU8C-FP exerts less cytotoxicity than luteolin and also it has specific inhibitory effect on IL-6 expression. However, luteolin has a variety of inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our in vitro studies may provide valuable information leading to the use of LU8C-FP to treat inflammatory diseases caused by IL-6.
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81
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Hsieh SC, Tsai JP, Yang SF, Tang MJ, Hsieh YH. Metformin inhibits the invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and enhances the chemosensitivity to sorafenib through a downregulation of the ERK/JNK-mediated NF-κB-dependent pathway that reduces uPA and MMP-9 expression. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2809-22. [PMID: 25245054 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been shown to exert anti-cancer activities in several cancer cells and animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms of its anti-metastatic activities remain poorly understood and warrant further investigation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of metformin to inhibit the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and identify its effects on signaling pathways. Our data indicate that metformin inhibits the migration and invasion of human HCC cells. Metformin was also found to significantly inhibit the expression and secretion of MMP-9 and uPA in HCC cells, and suppress the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Treatment with an ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) or JNK1/2 inhibitor (SP600125) enhanced the inhibitory effects of metformin on the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Moreover, metformin-induced inhibition of MMP-9 and uPA promoter activity also blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and its binding to the MMP-9 and uPA promoters, and these suppressive effects were further enhanced by PD98059 or SP600125. Moreover, metformin markedly enhanced the anti-metastatic effects of sorafenib. In conclusion, metformin inhibits the migration and invasion of HCC cells by suppressing the ERK/JNK-mediated NF-κB-dependent pathway, and thereby reducing uPA and MMP-9 expression. Additionally, combination treatment with metformin and sorafenib yielded synergistic inhibitory effects in suppressing cell migration and invasion of HCC cells. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-metastatic effects of metformin, as well as its ability to enhance the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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82
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Amaya M, Keck F, Bailey C, Narayanan A. The role of the IKK complex in viral infections. Pathog Dis 2014; 72:32-44. [PMID: 25082354 PMCID: PMC7108545 DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF‐κB signal transduction pathway is a critical regulator of multiple cellular functions that ultimately shift the balance between cell survival and death. The cascade is activated by many intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, which is transduced via adaptor proteins to phosphorylate the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which in turn phosphorylates the inhibitory IκBα protein to undergo proteasomal degradation and sets in motion nuclear events in response to the initial stimulus. Viruses are important modulators of the NF‐κB cascade and have evolved multiple mechanisms to activate or inhibit this pathway in a manner conducive to viral multiplication and establishment of a productive infectious cycle. This is a subject of extensive research by multiple laboratories whereby unraveling the interactions between specific viral components and members of the NF‐κB signal transduction cascade can shed unique perspectives on infection associated pathogenesis and novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight the interactions between components of the IKK complex and multiple RNA and DNA viruses with the emphasis on mechanisms by which the interaction feeds the infection. Understanding these interactions will shed light on the exploitative capabilities of viruses to maintain an environment favorable for a productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushimi Amaya
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Chang HY, Chang LY, Shao PL, Lee PI, Chen JM, Lee CY, Lu CY, Huang LM. Comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction and serological tests for the confirmation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children with clinical diagnosis of atypical pneumonia. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 47:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yeh CH, Yang JJ, Yang ML, Li YC, Kuan YH. Rutin decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and the MAPK-NF-κB pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:249-57. [PMID: 24486341 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious disease with unacceptably high mortality and morbidity rates. Up to now, no effective therapeutic strategy for ALI has been established. Rutin, quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside, expresses a wide range of biological activities and pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticarcinogenic, vasoprotective, and cardioprotective activities. Pretreatment with rutin inhibited not only histopathological changes in lung tissues but also infiltration of polymorphonuclear granulocytes into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. In addition, LPS-induced inflammatory responses, including increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation, were inhibited by rutin in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, rutin suppressed phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK and degradation of IκB, an NF-κB inhibitor. Decreased activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and heme oxygenase-1 caused by LPS were reversed by rutin. At the same time, we found that ALI amelioration by chelation of extracellular metal ions with rutin is more efficacious than with deferoxamine. These results indicate that the protective mechanism of rutin is through inhibition of MAPK-NF-κB activation and upregulation of antioxidative enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jou Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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85
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Hepatitis B virus X upregulates HuR protein level to stabilize HER2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:827415. [PMID: 24719890 PMCID: PMC3955687 DOI: 10.1155/2014/827415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. However, the underlying mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis is very complicated and HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) has been reported to play the most important role in this process. Activation of downstream signal pathways of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is known to mediate HBx-dependent HCC tumor progression. Interestingly, HER2 (also known as ErbB2/Neu/EGFR2) is frequently overexpressed in HBx-expressing HCC patients and is associated with their poor prognosis. However, it remains unclear whether and how HBx regulates HER2 expression. In this study, our data showed that HBx expression increased HER2 protein level via enhancing its mRNA stability. The induction of RNA-binding protein HuR expression by HBx mediated the HER2 mRNA stabilization. Finally, the upregulated HER2 expression promoted the migration ability of HBx-expressing HCC cells. These findings deciphered the molecular mechanism of HBx-mediated HER2 upregulation in HBV-associated HCC.
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Ito M, Hamano T, Komatsu T, Asamitsu K, Yamakawa T, Okamoto T. A novel IKKα inhibitor, noraristeromycin, blocks the chronic inflammation associated with collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 24:775-80. [PMID: 24498990 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2013.879416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel inhibitor for IκB kinase alpha (IKKα), noraristeromycin (NAM), for murine experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis, collagen- induced arthritis (CIA). METHODS NAM has been chemically synthesized as reported earlier. CIA was induced in DBA/1JNCrlj mice by intradermal inoculation of bovine type II collagen (col II) together with Freund Complete Adjuvant. Following the Day 21 booster injection of col II with Freund Incomplete Adjuvant, the animals were monitored for the development of arthritis and clinically evaluated. NAM was administered orally at different doses prior to induction (prophylactic protocol) or after the emergence of definitive arthritis (therapeutic protocol). RESULTS Here we demonstrate the experimental evidence that oral administration of NAM could completely prevent the occurrence of experimental arthritis in CIA mouse model at 0.3 mg/kg with ED50 value of approximately 0.1 mg/kg twice daily. Moreover, twice daily oral therapeutic dosage of 1 mg/kg of NAM significantly inhibited the paw swelling and disease progression even after the occurrence of experimental CIA. In addition, NAM exhibited an excellent pharmacokinetics in mice and oral administration of NAM could suppress the production of TNFα elicited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that IKKα inhibition is an effective novel therapy for the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes such as those associated with RA and other related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Ito
- Discovery Resarch Laboratories, Nippon Chemiphar Co., Limited. , Saitama , Japan
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Finelli C, Tarantino G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diet and gut microbiota. EXCLI JOURNAL 2014; 13:461-90. [PMID: 26417275 PMCID: PMC4464355 DOI: pmid/26417275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a severe liver disease that is increasing in prevalence with the worldwide epidemic of obesity and its related insulin-resistance state. Evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in energy storage and the subsequent development of obesity and some of its related diseases is now well established. More recently, a new role of gut microbiota has emerged in NAFLD. The gut microbiota is involved in gut permeability, low-grade inflammation and immune balance, it modulates dietary choline metabolism, regulates bile acid metabolism and produces endogenous ethanol. All of these factors are molecular mechanisms by which the microbiota can induce NAFLD or its progression toward overt non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Modification of the gut microbiota composition and/or its biochemical capacity by specific dietary or pharmacological interventions may advantageously affect host metabolism. Large-scale intervention trials, investigating the potential benefit of prebiotics and probiotics in improving cardiometabolic health in high-risk populations, are fervently awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Foundation G. Pascale" -IRCS- 83013 Mercogliano (Av), Italy
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Giovanni Tarantino, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy, E-mail:
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Manna S, Singha B, Phyo SA, Gatla HR, Chang TP, Sanacora S, Ramaswami S, Vancurova I. Proteasome inhibition by bortezomib increases IL-8 expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells: the role of IKKα. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2837-46. [PMID: 23894194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the proinflammatory and proangiogenic chemokine IL-8, which is regulated at the transcriptional level by NF-κB, is constitutively increased in androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. Inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcription was used as an anticancer strategy for the development of the first clinically approved 26S proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BZ). Even though BZ has shown remarkable antitumor activity in hematological malignancies, it has been less effective in prostate cancer and other solid tumors; however, the mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this article, we report that proteasome inhibition by BZ unexpectedly increases IL-8 expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells, whereas expression of other NF-κB-regulated genes is inhibited or unchanged. The BZ-increased IL-8 expression is associated with increased in vitro p65 NF-κB DNA binding activity and p65 recruitment to the endogenous IL-8 promoter. In addition, proteasome inhibition induces a nuclear accumulation of IκB kinase (IKK)α, and inhibition of IKKα enzymatic activity significantly attenuates the BZ-induced p65 recruitment to IL-8 promoter and IL-8 expression, demonstrating that the induced IL-8 expression is mediated, at least partly, by IKKα. Together, these data provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the gene-specific increase of IL-8 expression by proteasome inhibition in prostate cancer cells and suggest that targeting both IKKα and the proteasome may increase BZ effectiveness in treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Manna
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
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