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An TJ, Rhee CK, Kim JH, Lee YR, Chon JY, Park CK, Yoon HK. Effects of Macrolide and Corticosteroid in Neutrophilic Asthma Mouse Model. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2018; 81:80-87. [PMID: 29332324 PMCID: PMC5771750 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation with heterogeneous features. Neutrophilic asthma is corticosteroid-insensitive asthma related to absence or suppression of TH2 process and increased TH1 and/or TH17 process. Macrolides are immunomodulatory drug that reduce airway inflammation, but their role in asthma is not fully known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of macrolides in neutrophilic asthma and compare their effects with those of corticosteroids. METHODS C57BL/6 female mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Clarithromycin (CAM) and/or dexamethasone (DXM) were administered at days 14, 15, 21, 22, and 23. At day 24, the mice were sacrificed. RESULTS Airway resistance in the OVA+LPS exposed mice was elevated but was more attenuated after treatment with CAM+DXM compared with the monotherapy group (p<0.05 and p<0.01). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid study, total cells and neutrophil counts in OVA+LPS mice were elevated but decreased after CAM+DXM treatment. In hematoxylin and eosin stain, the CAM+DXM-treated group showed less inflammation additively than the monotherapy group. There was less total protein, interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α in the CAM+DXM group than in the monotherapy group (p<0.001, p<0.05, and p<0.001). More histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity was recovered in the DXM and CAM+DXM challenged groups than in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Decreased IL-17 and recovered relative HDAC2 activity correlated with airway resistance and inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma mouse model. This result suggests macrolides as a potential corticosteroid-sparing agent in neutrophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Joon An
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Rong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Chon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Park
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Caraher EJ, Kwon S, Haider SH, Crowley G, Lee A, Ebrahim M, Zhang L, Chen LC, Gordon T, Liu M, Prezant DJ, Schmidt AM, Nolan A. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products and World Trade Center particulate induced lung function loss: A case-cohort study and murine model of acute particulate exposure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184331. [PMID: 28926576 PMCID: PMC5604982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
World Trade Center-particulate matter(WTC-PM) exposure and metabolic-risk are associated with WTC-Lung Injury(WTC-LI). The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is most highly expressed in the lung, mediates metabolic risk, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the AGER-locus predict forced expiratory volume(FEV). Our objectives were to test the hypotheses that RAGE is a biomarker of WTC-LI in the FDNY-cohort and that loss of RAGE in a murine model would protect against acute PM-induced lung disease. We know from previous work that early intense exposure at the time of the WTC collapse was most predictive of WTC-LI therefore we utilized a murine model of intense acute PM-exposure to determine if loss of RAGE is protective and to identify signaling/cytokine intermediates. This study builds on a continuing effort to identify serum biomarkers that predict the development of WTC-LI. A case-cohort design was used to analyze a focused cohort of male never-smokers with normal pre-9/11 lung function. Odds of developing WTC-LI increased by 1.2, 1.8 and 1.0 in firefighters with soluble RAGE (sRAGE)≥97pg/mL, CRP≥2.4mg/L, and MMP-9≤397ng/mL, respectively, assessed in a multivariate logistic regression model (ROCAUC of 0.72). Wild type(WT) and RAGE-deficient(Ager-/-) mice were exposed to PM or PBS-control by oropharyngeal aspiration. Lung function, airway hyperreactivity, bronchoalveolar lavage, histology, transcription factors and plasma/BAL cytokines were quantified. WT-PM mice had decreased FEV and compliance, and increased airway resistance and methacholine reactivity after 24-hours. Decreased IFN-γ and increased LPA were observed in WT-PM mice; similar findings have been reported for firefighters who eventually develop WTC-LI. In the murine model, lack of RAGE was protective from loss of lung function and airway hyperreactivity and was associated with modulation of MAP kinases. We conclude that in a multivariate adjusted model increased sRAGE is associated with WTC-LI. In our murine model, absence of RAGE mitigated acute deleterious effects of PM and may be a biologically plausible mediator of PM-related lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J. Caraher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sophia Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Syed H. Haider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - George Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Audrey Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Minah Ebrahim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, PLA, Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Prezant
- Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology, Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
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Bates JHT. CORP: Measurement of lung function in small animals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1039-1046. [PMID: 28798197 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00243.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of lung function in mice and rats is crucial for understanding how well small animal models of pulmonary disease recapitulate human clinical pathology but brings with it the challenge of making accurate measurements in animals as small as a mouse. Overcoming these challenges can be achieved in a number of ways, each based on a model idealization of how the lung works as a mechanical system. Accordingly, it is important to understand the theoretical basis on which an assessment of lung function rests to interpret experimental measurements appropriately. It is also crucial to attend to a number of practical issues that determine the quality of the measurements. The most accurate measurements of lung function in small animals are provided by the forced oscillation technique that provides lung resistance and elastance and its multifrequency generalization known as impedance. Measurement quality is maximized when the greatest possible degree of control is exerted over the amplitude and frequency with which air is oscillated in and out of the lungs, the mean or end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure pertaining to when the oscillations are applied, and the immediate past volume history of the lungs. It is also crucial that no spontaneous breathing efforts occur during the measurement period. Finally, there is no substitute for the skill in animal handling and surgical preparation that comes with practice; such a skill should be in place before embarking on any important series of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H T Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Robichaud A, Fereydoonzad L, Limjunyawong N, Rabold R, Allard B, Benedetti A, Martin JG, Mitzner W. Automated full-range pressure-volume curves in mice and rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:746-756. [PMID: 28751375 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00856.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure-volume (PV) curves constructed over the entire lung volume range can reliably detect functional changes in mouse models of lung diseases. In the present study, we constructed full-range PV curves in healthy and elastase-treated mice using either a classic manually operated technique or an automated approach using a computer-controlled piston ventilator [flexiVent FX; Scientific Respiratory Equipment (SCIREQ), Montreal, Quebec, Canada]. On the day of the experiment, subjects were anesthetized, tracheotomized, and mechanically ventilated. Following an initial respiratory mechanics scan and degassing of the lungs with 100% O2, full-range PV curves were constructed using either the classic or the automated technique. In control mice, superimposable curves were obtained, and statistical equivalence was attained between the two methodologies. In the elastase-treated ones, where significant changes in respiratory mechanics and lung volumes were expected, very small differences were observed between the two techniques, and the criteria for statistical equivalence were met in two out of four parameters assessed. The automated technique was adapted to rats and used to estimate the functional residual capacity (FRC) by volume subtraction. This novel approach generated FRC estimates consistent with the literature, with added accuracy relative to the existing method in diseased subjects. In conclusion, the automated technique generated full-range PV curves that were equivalent or very close to those obtained with the classic method under physiological or severe pathological conditions. The automation facilitated some technical aspects of the procedure, eased its use across species, and helped derive a more accurate estimate of FRC in preclinical models of respiratory disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Partial and full-range pressure-volume (PV) curves are frequently used to characterize lung disease models. Whereas automated techniques exist to construct partial PV curves, a manually operated approach is classically employed to build the full-range ones. In this study, the full-range PV curve technique was automated using a computer-controlled piston ventilator. The automation simplified the technique, facilitated its extension to other species, and inspired a novel way of estimating the functional residual capacity in laboratory rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Richard Rabold
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Benoit Allard
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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55
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Devos FC, Maaske A, Robichaud A, Pollaris L, Seys S, Lopez CA, Verbeken E, Tenbusch M, Lories R, Nemery B, Hoet PH, Vanoirbeek JA. Forced expiration measurements in mouse models of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Respir Res 2017. [PMID: 28629359 PMCID: PMC5477381 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary function measurements are important when studying respiratory disease models. Both resistance and compliance have been used to assess lung function in mice. Yet, it is not always clear how these parameters relate to forced expiration (FE)-related parameters, most commonly used in humans. We aimed to characterize FE measurements in four well-established mouse models of lung diseases. Method Detailed respiratory mechanics and FE measurements were assessed concurrently in Balb/c mice, using the forced oscillation and negative pressure-driven forced expiration techniques, respectively. Measurements were performed at baseline and following increasing methacholine challenges in control Balb/c mice as well as in four disease models: bleomycin-induced fibrosis, elastase-induced emphysema, LPS-induced acute lung injury and house dust mite-induced asthma. Results Respiratory mechanics parameters (airway resistance, tissue damping and tissue elastance) confirmed disease-specific phenotypes either at baseline or following methacholine challenge. Similarly, lung function defects could be detected in each disease model by at least one FE-related parameter (FEV0.1, FEF0.1, FVC, FEV0.1/FVC ratio and PEF) at baseline or during the methacholine provocation assay. Conclusions FE-derived outcomes in four mouse disease models behaved similarly to changes found in human spirometry. Routine combined lung function assessments could increase the translational utility of mouse models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0610-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fien C Devos
- Center for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - André Maaske
- Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Lore Pollaris
- Center for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Seys
- Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Erik Verbeken
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Rik Lories
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Center for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hm Hoet
- Center for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bevans T, Deering-Rice C, Stockmann C, Rower J, Sakata D, Reilly C. Inhaled Remimazolam Potentiates Inhaled Remifentanil in Rodents. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:1484-1490. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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57
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Long-term effects of recurrent intermittent hypoxia and hyperoxia on respiratory system mechanics in neonatal mice. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:565-571. [PMID: 27842056 PMCID: PMC5395323 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature infants are at increased risk for wheezing disorders. Clinically, these neonates experience recurrent episodes of apnea and desaturation often treated by increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2). We developed a novel paradigm of neonatal intermittent hypoxia with subsequent hyperoxia overshoots (CIHO/E) and hypothesized that CIHO/E elicits long-term changes on pulmonary mechanics in mice. METHODS Neonatal C57BL/6 mice received CIHO/E, which consisted of 10% O2 (1 min) followed by a transient exposure to 50% FIO2, on 10-min repeating cycles 24 h/d from birth to P7. Baseline respiratory mechanics, methacholine challenge, RT-PCR for pro and antioxidants, radial alveolar counts, and airway smooth muscle actin were assessed at P21 after 2-wk room air recovery. Control groups were mice exposed to normoxia, chronic intermittent hyperoxia (CIHE), and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIHO). RESULTS CIHO/E and CIHE increased airway resistance at higher doses of methacholine and decreased baseline compliance compared with normoxia mice. Lung mRNA for NOX2 was increased by CIHO/E. Radial alveolar counts and airway smooth muscle actin was not different between groups. CONCLUSION Neonatal intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia exposure results in long-term changes in respiratory mechanics. We speculate that recurrent desaturation with hyperoxia overshoot may increase oxidative stress and contribute to wheezing in former preterm infants.
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Addison KJ, Morse J, Robichaud A, Daines MO, Ledford JG. A Novel in vivo System to Test Bronchodilators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3. [PMID: 28367537 PMCID: PMC5375107 DOI: 10.16966/2470-3176.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and severity of asthma continue to rise worldwide. β-agonists are the most commonly prescribed therapeutic for asthma management but have less efficacy for some subsets of asthmatic patients and there are concerns surrounding the side effects from their long-term persistent use. The demand to develop novel asthma therapeutics highlights the need for a standardized approach to effectively screen and test potential bronchoprotective compounds using relevant in vivo animal models. Here we describe a validated method of testing potential therapeutic compounds for their fast-acting efficacy during the midst of an induced bronchoconstriction in a house dust mite challenged animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julie G Ledford
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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59
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Ozawa C, Horiguchi M, Akita T, Oiso Y, Abe K, Motomura T, Yamashita C. Pulmonary Administration of GW0742, a High-Affinity Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonist, Repairs Collapsed Alveoli in an Elastase-Induced Mouse Model of Emphysema. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:778-85. [PMID: 27150147 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a disease in which lung alveoli are irreversibly damaged, thus compromising lung function. Our previous study revealed that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) induces the differentiation of human lung alveolar epithelial type 2 progenitor cells and repairs the alveoli of emphysema model mice. ATRA also reportedly has the ability to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ. A selective PPARβ/δ ligand has been reported to induce the differentiation of human keratinocytes during wound repair. Here, we demonstrate that treatment using a high-affinity PPARβ/δ agonist, GW0742, reverses the lung tissue damage induced by elastase in emphysema-model mice and improves respiratory function. Mice treated with elastase, which collapsed their alveoli, were then treated with either 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in saline (control group) or GW0742 (1.0 mg/kg twice a week) by pulmonary administration. Treatment with GW0742 for 2 weeks increased the in vivo expression of surfactant proteins A and D, which are known alveolar type II epithelial cell markers. GW0742 treatment also shortened the average distance between alveolar walls in the lungs of emphysema model mice, compared with a control group treated with 10% DMSO in saline. Treatment with GW0742 for 3 weeks also improved tissue elastance (cm H2O/mL), as well as the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in the first 0.05 s to the forced vital capacity (FEV 0.05/FVC). In each of these experiments, GW0742 treatment reversed the damage caused by elastase. In conclusion, PPARβ/δ agonists are potential therapeutic agents for pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ozawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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George T, Bell M, Chakraborty M, Siderovski DP, Giembycz MA, Newton R. Protective Roles for RGS2 in a Mouse Model of House Dust Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170269. [PMID: 28107494 PMCID: PMC5249169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The GTPase-accelerating protein, regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) reduces signalling from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal via Gαq. In humans, RGS2 expression is up-regulated by inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (LABAs) such that synergy is produced in combination. This may contribute to the superior clinical efficacy of ICS/LABA therapy in asthma relative to ICS alone. In a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced airways inflammation, three weeks of intranasal HDM (25 μg, 3×/week) reduced lung function and induced granulocytic airways inflammation. Compared to wild type animals, Rgs2-/- mice showed airways hyperresponsiveness (increased airways resistance and reduced compliance). While HDM increased pulmonary inflammation observed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, there was no difference between wild type and Rgs2-/- animals. HDM-induced mucus hypersecretion was also unaffected by RGS2 deficiency. However, inflammatory cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Rgs2-/- animals were significantly increased (57%) compared to wild type animals and this correlated with increased granulocyte (neutrophil and eosinophil) numbers. Likewise, cytokine and chemokine (IL4, IL17, IL5, LIF, IL6, CSF3, CXCLl, CXCL10 and CXCL11) release was increased by HDM exposure. Compared to wild type, Rgs2-/- animals showed a trend towards increased expression for many cytokines/chemokines, with CCL3, CCL11, CXCL9 and CXCL10 being significantly enhanced. As RGS2 expression was unaffected by HDM exposure, these data indicate that RGS2 exerts tonic bronchoprotection in HDM-induced airways inflammation. Modest anti-inflammatory and anti-remodelling roles for RGS2 are also suggested. If translatable to humans, therapies that maximize RGS2 expression may prove advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tresa George
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Bell
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David P. Siderovski
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Giembycz
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Geraghty P, Hadas E, Kim BH, Dabo AJ, Volsky DJ, Foronjy R. HIV infection model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L500-L509. [PMID: 28104604 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00431.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke usage is prevalent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, and, despite highly active antiretroviral therapy, these individuals develop an accelerated form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies investigating the mechanisms of COPD development in HIV have been limited by the lack of suitable mouse models. Here we describe a model of HIV-induced COPD in wild-type mice using EcoHIV, a chimeric HIV capable of establishing chronic infection in immunocompetent mice. A/J mice were infected with EcoHIV and subjected to whole body cigarette smoke exposure. EcoHIV was detected in alveolar macrophages of mice. Compared with uninfected mice, concomitant EcoHIV infection significantly reduced forced expiratory flow 50%/forced vital capacity and enhanced distal airspace enlargement following cigarette smoke exposure. Lung IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was significantly enhanced in smoke-exposed EcoHIV-infected mice. These changes coincided with enhanced IκBα, ERK1/2, p38, and STAT3 phosphorylation and lung cell apoptosis. Thus, the EcoHIV smoke exposure mouse model reproduces several of the pathophysiological features of HIV-related COPD in humans, indicating that this murine model can be used to determine key parameters of HIV-related COPD and to test future therapies for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; and
| | - Eran Hadas
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Boe-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Abdoulaye J Dabo
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; and
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; .,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; and
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Fritzsching B, Hagner M, Dai L, Christochowitz S, Agrawal R, van Bodegom C, Schmidt S, Schatterny J, Hirtz S, Brown R, Goritzka M, Duerr J, Zhou-Suckow Z, Mall MA. Impaired mucus clearance exacerbates allergen-induced type 2 airway inflammation in juvenile mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 140:190-203.e5. [PMID: 27865862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 airway inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated that reduced mucociliary clearance, a characteristic feature of asthma, produces spontaneous type 2 airway inflammation in juvenile β-epithelial Na+ channel (Scnn1b)-transgenic (Tg) mice. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of impaired mucus clearance in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced type 2 airway inflammation and identify cellular sources of the signature cytokine IL-13. METHODS We challenged juvenile Scnn1b-Tg and wild-type mice with Aspergillus fumigatus and house dust mite allergen and compared the effects on airway eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine levels, goblet cell metaplasia, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, we determined cellular sources of IL-13 and effects of genetic deletion of the key type 2 signal-transducing molecule signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and evaluated the effects of therapeutic improvement of mucus clearance. RESULTS Reduced mucociliary allergen clearance exacerbated Stat6-dependent secretion of type 2 cytokines, airway eosinophilia, and airway hyperresponsiveness in juvenile Scnn1b-Tg mice. IL-13 levels were increased in airway epithelial cells, macrophages, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and TH2 cells along with increased Il33 expression in the airway epithelium of Scnn1b-Tg mice. Treatment with the epithelial Na+ channel blocker amiloride, improving airway surface hydration and mucus clearance, reduced allergen-induced inflammation in Scnn1b-Tg mice. CONCLUSION Our data support that impaired clearance of inhaled allergens triggering IL-13 production by multiple cell types in the airways plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 airway inflammation and suggests therapeutic improvement of mucociliary clearance as a novel treatment strategy for children with allergen-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Fritzsching
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hagner
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Christochowitz
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raman Agrawal
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte van Bodegom
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Schmidt
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jolanthe Schatterny
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hirtz
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Goritzka
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Duerr
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Zhou-Suckow
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Hashimoto M, Asai A, Kawagishi H, Mikawa R, Iwashita Y, Kanayama K, Sugimoto K, Sato T, Maruyama M, Sugimoto M. Elimination of p19 ARF-expressing cells enhances pulmonary function in mice. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e87732. [PMID: 27699227 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in many tissues as animals age and are considered to underlie several aging-associated pathologies. The tumor suppressors p19ARF and p16INK4a, both of which are encoded in the CDKN2A locus, play critical roles in inducing and maintaining permanent cell cycle arrest during cellular senescence. Although the elimination of p16INK4a-expressing cells extends the life span of the mouse, it is unclear whether tissue function is restored by the elimination of senescent cells in aged animals and whether and how p19ARF contributes to tissue aging. The aging-associated decline in lung function is characterized by an increase in compliance as well as pathogenic susceptibility to pulmonary diseases. We herein demonstrated that pulmonary function in 12-month-old mice was reversibly restored by the elimination of p19ARF-expressing cells. The ablation of p19ARF-expressing cells using a toxin receptor-mediated cell knockout system ameliorated aging-associated lung hypofunction. Furthermore, the aging-associated gene expression profile was reversed after the elimination of p19ARF. Our results indicate that the aging-associated decline in lung function was, at least partly, attributed to p19ARF and was recovered by eliminating p19ARF-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Azusa Asai
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawagishi
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuta Mikawa
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kazushi Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular and Laboratory Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masataka Sugimoto
- Department of Mechanism of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Raffay TM, Dylag AM, Di Fiore JM, Smith LA, Einisman HJ, Li Y, Lakner MM, Khalil AM, MacFarlane PM, Martin RJ, Gaston B. S-Nitrosoglutathione Attenuates Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Murine Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:418-26. [PMID: 27484068 PMCID: PMC5034690 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by lifelong obstructive lung disease and profound, refractory bronchospasm. It is observed among survivors of premature birth who have been treated with prolonged supplemental oxygen. Therapeutic options are limited. Using a neonatal mouse model of BPD, we show that hyperoxia increases activity and expression of a mediator of endogenous bronchoconstriction, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase. MicroRNA-342-3p, predicted in silico and shown in this study in vitro to suppress expression of GSNO reductase, was decreased in hyperoxia-exposed pups. Both pretreatment with aerosolized GSNO and inhibition of GSNO reductase attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo among juvenile and adult mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. Our data suggest that neonatal hyperoxia exposure causes detrimental effects on airway hyperreactivity through microRNA-342-3p–mediated upregulation of GSNO reductase expression. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that this adverse effect can be overcome by supplementing its substrate, GSNO, or by inhibiting the enzyme itself. Rates of BPD have not improved over the past two decades; nor have new therapies been developed. GSNO-based therapies are a novel treatment of the respiratory problems that patients with BPD experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Raffay
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew M Dylag
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Juliann M Di Fiore
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Laura A Smith
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Helly J Einisman
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yuejin Li
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mitchell M Lakner
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmad M Khalil
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Peter M MacFarlane
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Richard J Martin
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Benjamin Gaston
- Division of Neonatology (T.M.R., A.M.D., J.M.D.F., P.M.M., R.J.M.) and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology (L.A.S., H.J.E., Y.L., B.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology (M.M.L.) and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences (A.M.K.), Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Foronjy RF, Salathe MA, Dabo AJ, Baumlin N, Cummins N, Eden E, Geraghty P. TLR9 expression is required for the development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L154-66. [PMID: 27288485 PMCID: PMC4967186 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00073.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9, a pathogen recognition receptor that recognizes unmethylated CpG sequences in microbial DNA molecules, is linked to the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. TLR9 expression and signaling was investigated in animal and cell models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We observed enhanced TLR9 expression in mouse lungs following exposure to cigarette smoke. Tlr9(-/-) mice were resistant to cigarette smoke-induced loss of lung function as determined by mean linear intercept, total lung capacity, lung compliance, and tissue elastance analysis. Tlr9 expression also regulated smoke-mediated immune cell recruitment to the lung; apoptosis; expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), the CXCL5 protein, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2); and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity in the lung. PTP1B, a phosphatase with anti-inflammatory abilities, was identified as binding to TLR9. In vivo delivery of a TLR9 agonist enhanced TLR9 binding to PTP1B, which inactivated PTP1B. Ptp1b(-/-) mice had elevated lung concentrations of G-CSF, CXCL5, and MMP-2, and tissue expression of type-1 interferon following TLR9 agonist administration, compared with wild-type mice. TLR9 responses were further determined in fully differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells isolated from nonsmoker, smoker, and COPD donors, and then cultured at air liquid interface. NHBE cells from smokers and patients with COPD expressed more TLR9 and secreted greater levels of G-CSF, IL-6, CXCL5, IL-1β, and MMP-2 upon TLR9 ligand stimulation compared with cells from nonsmoker donors. Although TLR9 combats infection, our results indicate that TLR9 induction can affect lung function by inactivating PTP1B and upregulating expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Matthias A Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Abdoulaye J Dabo
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Neville Cummins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Roosevelt, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Edward Eden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Roosevelt, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;
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Bevans T, Deering-Rice C, Stockmann C, Light A, Reilly C, Sakata DJ. Inhaled Remifentanil in Rodents. Anesth Analg 2016; 122:1831-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cabral LDM, Giusti-Paiva A. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Antagonist Capsazepine Improves the Impaired Lung Mechanics during Endotoxemia. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:421-427. [PMID: 27090778 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by systemic inflammatory response remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Management of patients with sepsis is largely limited to supportive therapies, reflecting an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Furthermore, there have been limited advances in the treatments for ALI. In this study, lung function and a histological analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor (TRPV1) antagonist (capsazepine; CPZ) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in mice. For this, adult mice pre-treated with CPZ or vehicle received intraperitoneal injections of LPS or saline and 24 hr after, the mice were anaesthetized, and lung mechanics was evaluated. The LPS-challenged mice exhibited substantial mechanical impairment, characterized by increases in respiratory system resistance, respiratory system elastance, tissue damping and tissue elastance. The pre-treatment with CPZ prevented the increase in respiratory system resistance and decreased the increase in tissue damping during endotoxemia. In addition, mice pre-treated with CPZ had an attenuated lung injury evidenced by reduction on collapsed area of the lung parenchyma induced by LPS. This suggests that the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine has a protective effect on lung mechanics in ALI during endotoxemia and that it may be a target for enhanced therapeutic efficacy in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla D M Cabral
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. , .,Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas-MG, Alfenas, MG, Brazil. ,
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68
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Reyburn B, Di Fiore JM, Raffay T, Martin RJ, Prakash YS, Jafri A, MacFarlane PM. The Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in a Mouse Model of Hyperoxic Neonatal Lung Injury. Neonatology 2016; 109:6-13. [PMID: 26394387 PMCID: PMC4654984 DOI: 10.1159/000438818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and supplemental oxygen have become the mainstay of neonatal respiratory support in preterm infants. Although oxygen therapy is associated with respiratory morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the long-term effects of CPAP on lung function are largely unknown. We used a hyperoxia-induced mouse model of BPD to explore the effects of daily CPAP in the first week of life on later respiratory system mechanics. OBJECTIVE We wanted to test the hypothesis that daily CPAP in a newborn-mouse model of BPD improves longer-term respiratory mechanics. METHODS Mouse pups from C57BL/6 pregnant dams were exposed to room air (RA) or hyperoxia (50% O2, 24 h/day) for the first postnatal week with or without exposure to daily CPAP (6 cm H2O, 3 h/day). Respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) were measured following a subsequent 2-week period of RA recovery. Additional measurements included radial alveolar and macrophage counts. RESULTS Mice exposed to hyperoxia had significantly elevated Rrs, decreased Crs, reduced alveolarization and increased macrophage counts at 3 weeks when compared to RA-treated mice. Daily CPAP treatment significantly improved Rrs, Crs and alveolarization and decreased lung macrophage infiltration in the hyperoxia-exposed pups. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that daily CPAP had a longer-term benefit on baseline respiratory system mechanics in a neonatal mouse model of BPD. We speculate that this beneficial effect of CPAP was the consequence of a decrease in the inflammatory response and resultant alveolar injury associated with hyperoxic lung injury in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Reyburn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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McGovern TK, Chen M, Allard B, Larsson K, Martin JG, Adner M. Neutrophilic oxidative stress mediates organic dust-induced pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L155-65. [PMID: 26545900 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00172.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway exposure to organic dust (OD) from swine confinement facilities induces airway inflammation dominated by neutrophils and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). One important neutrophilic innate defense mechanism is the induction of oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that neutrophils exacerbate airway dysfunction following OD exposure by increasing oxidant burden. BALB/C mice were given intranasal challenges with OD or PBS (1/day for 3 days). Mice were untreated or treated with a neutrophil-depleting antibody, anti-Ly6G, or the antioxidant dimethylthiourea (DMTU) prior to OD exposure. Twenty-four hours after the final exposure, we measured airway responsiveness in response to methacholine (MCh) and collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to assess pulmonary inflammation and total antioxidant capacity. Lung tissue was harvested to examine the effect of OD-induced antioxidant gene expression and the effect of anti-Ly6G or DMTU. OD exposure induced a dose-dependent increase of airway responsiveness, a neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation, and secretion of keratinocyte cytokine. Depletion of neutrophils reduced OD-induced AHR. DMTU prevented pulmonary inflammation involving macrophages and neutrophils. Neutrophil depletion and DMTU were highly effective in preventing OD-induced AHR affecting large, conducting airways and tissue elastance. OD induced an increase in total antioxidant capacity and mRNA levels of NRF-2-dependent antioxidant genes, effects that are prevented by administration of DMTU and neutrophil depletion. We conclude that an increase in oxidative stress and neutrophilia is critical in the induction of OD-induced AHR. Prevention of oxidative stress diminishes neutrophil influx and AHR, suggesting that mechanisms driving OD-induced AHR may be dependent on neutrophil-mediated oxidant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby K McGovern
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Chen
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Allard
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kjell Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mikael Adner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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Methods in assessment of airway reactivity in mice. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1220:521-7. [PMID: 25388272 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1568-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the wealth of reagents and transgenic strains available, mice have become one of the most commonly used model organisms for the study of allergic airway inflammation. One of the major hallmarks of the asthma phenotype in humans is reversible airflow obstruction, or airway hyper-responsiveness. However, the ability to confidently obtain useful physiological responses from such a small animal has presented a large technological challenge in murine studies. Recent advances have provided the technology to obtain lung mechanics through either the forced oscillation technique or plethysmography. Here we describe the utility of these measurements in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation and anaphylaxis.
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Yarova PL, Stewart AL, Sathish V, Britt RD, Thompson MA, P Lowe AP, Freeman M, Aravamudan B, Kita H, Brennan SC, Schepelmann M, Davies T, Yung S, Cholisoh Z, Kidd EJ, Ford WR, Broadley KJ, Rietdorf K, Chang W, Bin Khayat ME, Ward DT, Corrigan CJ, T Ward JP, Kemp PJ, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS, Riccardi D. Calcium-sensing receptor antagonists abrogate airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergic asthma. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:284ra60. [PMID: 25904744 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation are fundamental hallmarks of allergic asthma that are accompanied by increases in certain polycations, such as eosinophil cationic protein. Levels of these cations in body fluids correlate with asthma severity. We show that polycations and elevated extracellular calcium activate the human recombinant and native calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), leading to intracellular calcium mobilization, cyclic adenosine monophosphate breakdown, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. These effects can be prevented by CaSR antagonists, termed calcilytics. Moreover, asthmatic patients and allergen-sensitized mice expressed more CaSR in ASMs than did their healthy counterparts. Indeed, polycations induced hyperreactivity in mouse bronchi, and this effect was prevented by calcilytics and absent in mice with CaSR ablation from ASM. Calcilytics also reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergen-sensitized mice in vivo. These data show that a functional CaSR is up-regulated in asthmatic ASM and targeted by locally produced polycations to induce hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Thus, calcilytics may represent effective asthma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina L Yarova
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Alecia L Stewart
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Rodney D Britt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Alexander P P Lowe
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Michelle Freeman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sarah C Brennan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Thomas Davies
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Sun Yung
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Zakky Cholisoh
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Emma J Kidd
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - William R Ford
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Kenneth J Broadley
- Division of Pharmacology, Cardiff University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK
| | - Katja Rietdorf
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohd E Bin Khayat
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Donald T Ward
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Jeremy P T Ward
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paul J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Minagawa S, Lou J, Seed RI, Cormier A, Wu S, Cheng Y, Murray L, Tsui P, Connor J, Herbst R, Govaerts C, Barker T, Cambier S, Yanagisawa H, Goodsell A, Hashimoto M, Brand OJ, Cheng R, Ma R, McKnelly KJ, Wen W, Hill A, Jablons D, Wolters P, Kitamura H, Araya J, Barczak AJ, Erle DJ, Reichardt LF, Marks JD, Baron JL, Nishimura SL. Selective targeting of TGF-β activation to treat fibroinflammatory airway disease. Sci Transl Med 2015; 6:241ra79. [PMID: 24944194 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling, caused by inflammation and fibrosis, is a major component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and currently has no effective treatment. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in COPD. TGF-β is expressed in a latent form that requires activation. The integrin αvβ8 (encoded by the itgb8 gene) is a receptor for latent TGF-β and is essential for its activation. Expression of integrin αvβ8 is increased in airway fibroblasts in COPD and thus is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of airway remodeling in COPD. We demonstrate that an engineered optimized antibody to human αvβ8 (B5) inhibited TGF-β activation in transgenic mice expressing only human and not mouse ITGB8. The B5 engineered antibody blocked fibroinflammatory responses induced by tobacco smoke, cytokines, and allergens by inhibiting TGF-β activation. To clarify the mechanism of action of B5, we used hydrodynamic, mutational, and electron microscopic methods to demonstrate that αvβ8 predominantly adopts a constitutively active, extended-closed headpiece conformation. Epitope mapping and functional characterization of B5 revealed an allosteric mechanism of action due to locking-in of a low-affinity αvβ8 conformation. Collectively, these data demonstrate a new model for integrin function and present a strategy to selectively target the TGF-β pathway to treat fibroinflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Minagawa
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jianlong Lou
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Robert I Seed
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Anthony Cormier
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Shenping Wu
- The Keck Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Yifan Cheng
- The Keck Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Lynne Murray
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA. Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Ping Tsui
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jane Connor
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Cedric Govaerts
- Department of Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Tyren Barker
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Stephanie Cambier
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Haruhiko Yanagisawa
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Amanda Goodsell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Mitsuo Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Royce Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Kate J McKnelly
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Weihua Wen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Arthur Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David Jablons
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Paul Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jun Araya
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105 8461, Japan
| | - Andrea J Barczak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David J Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Louis F Reichardt
- Genetics, Development, and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - James D Marks
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jody L Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Stephen L Nishimura
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Robichaud A, Fereydoonzad L, Schuessler TF. Delivered dose estimate to standardize airway hyperresponsiveness assessment in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L837-46. [PMID: 25637610 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00343.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness often constitutes a primary outcome in respiratory studies in mice. The procedure commonly employs aerosolized challenges, and results are typically reported in terms of bronchoconstrictor concentrations loaded into the nebulizer. Yet, because protocols frequently differ across studies, especially in terms of aerosol generation and delivery, direct study comparisons are difficult. We hypothesized that protocol variations could lead to differences in aerosol delivery efficiency and, consequently, in the dose delivered to the subject, as well as in the response. Thirteen nebulization patterns containing common protocol variations (nebulization time, duty cycle, particle size spectrum, air humidity, and/or ventilation profile) and using increasing concentrations of methacholine and broadband forced oscillations (flexiVent, SCIREQ, Montreal, Qc, Canada) were created, characterized, and studied in anesthetized naïve A/J mice. A delivered dose estimate calculated from nebulizer-, ventilator-, and subject-specific characteristics was introduced and used to account for protocol variations. Results showed that nebulization protocol variations significantly affected the fraction of aerosol reaching the subject site and the delivered dose, as well as methacholine reactivity and sensitivity in mice. From the protocol variants studied, addition of a slow deep ventilation profile during nebulization was identified as a key factor for optimization of the technique. The study also highlighted sensitivity differences within the lung, as well as the possibility that airway responses could be selectively enhanced by adequate control of nebulizer and ventilator settings. Reporting results in terms of delivered doses represents an important standardizing element for assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Robichaud
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liah Fereydoonzad
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Philip K, Acero LF, Chen NY, Weng T, Molina JG, Luo F, Davies J, Le NB, Bunge I, Volcik KA, Le TTT, Johnston RA, Xia Y, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR. Deletion of ADORA2B from myeloid cells dampens lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. FASEB J 2014; 29:50-60. [PMID: 25318478 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-260182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal, fibroproliferative disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can develop secondary to IPF and increase mortality. Alternatively, activated macrophages (AAMs) contribute to the pathogenesis of both IPF and PH. Here we hypothesized that adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B on AAMs impacts the progression of these disorders and that conditional deletion of ADORA2B on myeloid cells would have a beneficial effect in a model of these diseases. Conditional knockout mice lacking ADORA2B on myeloid cells (Adora2B(f/f)-LysM(Cre)) were exposed to the fibrotic agent bleomycin (BLM; 0.035 U/g body weight, i.p.). At 14, 17, 21, 25, or 33 d after exposure, SpO2, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histologic analyses were performed. On day 33, lung function and cardiovascular analyses were determined. Markers for AAM and mediators of fibrosis and PH were assessed. Adora2B(f/f)-LysM(Cre) mice presented with attenuated fibrosis, improved lung function, and no evidence of PH compared with control mice exposed to BLM. These findings were accompanied by reduced expression of CD206 and arginase-1, markers for AAMs. A 10-fold reduction in IL-6 and a 5-fold decrease in hyaluronan, both linked to lung fibrosis and PH, were also observed. These data suggest that activation of the ADORA2B on macrophages plays an active role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kemly Philip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Luis F Acero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jose G Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Ngoc-Bao Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | | | - Richard A Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Truchetti G, Troncy E, Robichaud A, Gold L, Schuessler T, Maghezzi S, Bassett L, Authier S. Respiratory mechanics: comparison of Beagle dogs, Göttingen minipigs and Cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 70:48-54. [PMID: 24704341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is determined by respiratory safety pharmacology, follow-up studies are warranted and may include airway resistance and compliance. Respiratory mechanics in commonly used large animal species (Beagle dogs, Cynomolgus monkeys, and Göttingen minipigs) were compared. METHODS Eighteen animals were used (3/sex/species) in an anesthetized model (propofol infusion) with pancuronium as a neuromuscular blocker. Parameters of respiratory mechanics were evaluated at baseline and at peak drug effect. Resistance (Rrs) and elastance (Ers) were measured by applying a single frequency forced oscillation (0.5 Hz) to the subject's airway opening and fitting the flow, volume and pressure data to the single compartment model of the lung. Increasing doses of intravenous (IV) methacholine were administered in all three species, as well as doubling aerosolized concentrations of the same bronchoconstrictor agent before and after inhaled albuterol. RESULTS The slope of the IV methacholine dose-response curve for Rrs was similar in dogs and monkeys and both species differed from minipigs, which showed greater reactivity. At the highest IV dose tested, minipigs also reached higher levels of bronchoconstriction than the other two species. They were followed, in decreasing order, by dogs and monkeys. Albuterol induced a significant decrease in the slope of the dose-response curve only in dogs and monkeys. DISCUSSION Scientific literature is available on respiratory mechanics in monkeys and dogs but not in minipigs. Our results suggest that minipigs were more reactive than dogs and monkeys to IV methacholine while less sensitive to inhaled albuterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Truchetti
- Animal Research Group in Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada; Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Laval, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- Animal Research Group in Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Annette Robichaud
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment Inc., 6600 St-Urbain, Suite 300 Montreal, Québec, H2S 3G8, Canada
| | - Leslie Gold
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment Inc., 6600 St-Urbain, Suite 300 Montreal, Québec, H2S 3G8, Canada
| | - Thomas Schuessler
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment Inc., 6600 St-Urbain, Suite 300 Montreal, Québec, H2S 3G8, Canada
| | - Said Maghezzi
- CiTox-LAB - North-America, Inc., 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec, H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Leanne Bassett
- Animal Research Group in Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada; CiTox-LAB - North-America, Inc., 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec, H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - Simon Authier
- Animal Research Group in Pharmacology of Quebec (GREPAQ), Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 7C6, Canada; CiTox-LAB - North-America, Inc., 445 Armand Frappier, Laval, Quebec, H7V 4B3, Canada.
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76
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Aloyouni SY, Segeritz CP, Sherrid AM, Gold MJ, Loeffler DIM, Blanchet MR, Cai B, Hirota J, McNagny KM, Kollmann TR. Perinatal Immunization With Vaccine-Grade Listeria monocytogenes Provides Protection Against Murine Th2 Airway Inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 6:341-9. [PMID: 24991458 PMCID: PMC4077961 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Its global prevalence has attained epidemic levels and treatment options that reach beyond temporary relief of symptoms are urgently needed. Since the processes leading to clinically symptomatic asthma start early in life, we set out to systematically evaluate a neonatal immunotherapeutic based on Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) for the control of allergic sensitization. Methods We modified Lm to express the model allergen, ovalbumin (OVA), and tested the ability of neonatal immunization with this strain to control allergic sensitization in a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma. Mice were immunized as newborns with live or heat killed LmOVA or live Lm, followed 6 weeks later by allergic sensitization with OVA. In order to determine whether the TH1-polarizing effect of this vaccine vector inadvertently may exacerbate development of certain TH1-driven allergic diseases, mice immunized as newborns were assessed in a model of adult hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Results Both LmOVA and Lm-control vaccines were highly effective in providing long-lasting protection from airway inflammation after only one immunization given perinatally. Serum antibody levels and lung cytokine production suggest that this prophylactic strategy is associated with an allergen specific TH1-dominated response. Specifically, LmOVA vaccinated mice displayed significantly elevated OVA-specific serum IgG2a, but no difference in anti-OVA IgE antibodies and only slightly decreased anti-OVA IgG1 antibodies. Importantly, Lm-based neonatal vaccination did not exacerbate Th1/Th17 driven HP, arguing against broad spectrum immune skewing. Conclusions Our findings highlight the promise of early life Lm-based immunomodulatory interventions as a prophylactic strategy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheka Yagub Aloyouni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley M Sherrid
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniela I M Loeffler
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Hirota
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Centre-Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Raffay T, Kc P, Reynolds J, Di Fiore J, MacFarlane P, Martin RJ. Repeated β2-adrenergic receptor agonist therapy attenuates the response to rescue bronchodilation in a hyperoxic newborn mouse model. Neonatology 2014; 106:126-32. [PMID: 24969536 PMCID: PMC4134388 DOI: 10.1159/000362684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants with neonatal lung injury are prone to wheezing and are often treated with β2-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonists although the benefits of β-AR agonists may be lost with chronic use. OBJECTIVE To investigate if repeated β-AR agonist exposure downregulates β-ARs in the immature lung resulting in a decreased response to bronchodilator rescue and whether hyperoxic exposure aggravates this response. METHODS Newborn mice were raised for 21 days in 60 or 21% oxygen and received daily aerosols of formoterol or saline. Respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) were measured in response to methacholine challenge and rescue bronchodilation with levalbuterol. Western blot analysis quantified the relative amount of lung β-ARs. RESULTS Hyperoxia increased the airway reactivity to methacholine. Animals raised in hyperoxia that received daily formoterol were most sensitive to methacholine and exhibited a blunted response to levalbuterol bronchodilation. Hyperoxia-exposed animals receiving daily formoterol versus saline showed a significant decrease in the relative amount of lung β-ARs. CONCLUSIONS In this hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mouse model, repeated β-AR agonist treatments increased the airway reactivity and attenuated the response to a rescue bronchodilator. The blunted bronchodilator response could be explained by a reduced quantity of lung β-ARs. Our findings may account for the time-dependent decrease in the therapeutic benefit of β-AR agonists in preterm infants with neonatal lung injury, which may have clinical consequences for patients already prone to airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Raffay
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Bates JHT, Irvin CG, Farré R, Hantos Z. Oscillation mechanics of the respiratory system. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1233-72. [PMID: 23733641 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical impedance of the respiratory system defines the pressure profile required to drive a unit of oscillatory flow into the lungs. Impedance is a function of oscillation frequency, and is measured using the forced oscillation technique. Digital signal processing methods, most notably the Fourier transform, are used to calculate impedance from measured oscillatory pressures and flows. Impedance is a complex function of frequency, having both real and imaginary parts that vary with frequency in ways that can be used empirically to distinguish normal lung function from a variety of different pathologies. The most useful diagnostic information is gained when anatomically based mathematical models are fit to measurements of impedance. The simplest such model consists of a single flow-resistive conduit connecting to a single elastic compartment. Models of greater complexity may have two or more compartments, and provide more accurate fits to impedance measurements over a variety of different frequency ranges. The model that currently enjoys the widest application in studies of animal models of lung disease consists of a single airway serving an alveolar compartment comprising tissue with a constant-phase impedance. This model has been shown to fit very accurately to a wide range of impedance data, yet contains only four free parameters, and as such is highly parsimonious. The measurement of impedance in human patients is also now rapidly gaining acceptance, and promises to provide a more comprehensible assessment of lung function than parameters derived from conventional spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H T Bates
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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Massoud AH, Yona M, Xue D, Chouiali F, Alturaihi H, Ablona A, Mourad W, Piccirillo CA, Mazer BD. Dendritic cell immunoreceptor: a novel receptor for intravenous immunoglobulin mediates induction of regulatory T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 133:853-63.e5. [PMID: 24210883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a polyclonal IgG preparation with potent immunomodulating properties. Our laboratory demonstrated that IVIg significantly increases numbers of forkhead box protein 3-positive regulatory T (Treg) cells through generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) in an allergic airways disease model. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate potential receptors on DCs mediating these events. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were either sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally or through adoptive transfer of OVA-primed DCs and then challenged with intranasal OVA. IVIg was fractionated into sialic acid-enriched IVIg (SA-IVIg) and sialic acid-depleted IVIg (non-SA-IVIg). Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) constructs in CHO cells or on DCs were examined by using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS Administration of SA-IVIg, but not non-SA-IVIg, to OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice induced Treg cells and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation comparably with IVIg. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells cultured with SA-IVIg or IVIg adoptively transferred to mice before OVA challenge induced Treg cells and inhibited AHR. IVIg-treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from Fcγ receptor knockout mice inhibited AHR, suggesting IVIg's action was not caused by Fcγ receptor-mediated events. Fluorescently labeled IVIg or SA-IVIg bound DCs and colocalized specifically to the C-type lectin DCIR. IVIg binding to DCIR induced phosphorylation of Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) 2 and Src homology domain 2-containing inositol phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) and internalization of IVIg into DCs. Inhibition of IVIg binding to DCIR by small interfering RNA completely blocked induction of Treg cells. Inhibition of SHP-2 or abrogation of IgG internalization through clatherin inhibitors rendered IVIg ineffective. CONCLUSIONS IVIg alleviates allergic airways disease through interaction of SA-IgG with DCIR. DCIR is a novel receptor for IVIg, mediating interaction of innate and adaptive immunity in tolerogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Massoud
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Département d'Immunologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Institute de Recherche du l'Hôpitale St-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Madelaine Yona
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Di Xue
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fazila Chouiali
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haydar Alturaihi
- Département d'Immunologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Institute de Recherche du l'Hôpitale St-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aidan Ablona
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- Département d'Immunologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, Institute de Recherche du l'Hôpitale St-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce D Mazer
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, and the Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Borges MC, Marchica CL, Narayanan V, Ludwig MS. Allergen challenge during halothane compared to isoflurane anesthesia induces a more potent peripheral lung response. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 189:144-52. [PMID: 23876740 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergen instillation in anaesthetized vs. awake animals results in increased distribution of allergen in the lung. Halothane is a more potent bronchodilator of the small airways than isoflurane. As small airways contribute to asthma pathogenesis, we questioned whether intranasal challenge under halothane vs. isoflurane anesthesia would lead to an increase in allergen deposition in the lung periphery and, consequently, an enhanced allergic response. C57Bl/6 mice were sensitized twice and repeatedly challenged with ovalbumin (OA) under halothane or isoflurane anesthesia. After OA-challenge, in vivo lung function was measured and BAL performed. Peribronchial and peripheral inflammation, cytokine mRNA production and collagen deposition were assessed. Airway hyperresponsiveness, BAL eosinophilia, peripheral lung inflammation, IL-5 mRNA production and collagen deposition were significantly increased in halothane OA-challenged compared to isoflurane OA-challenged mice. Airway challenge induced a higher level of airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling under halothane than isoflurane anesthesia in a murine model of asthma. These differences may be due to increased allergen deposition in the small airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos C Borges
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School at Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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81
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Tanaka KI, Azuma A, Miyazaki Y, Sato K, Mizushima T. Effects of lecithinized superoxide dismutase and/or pirfenidone against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2013; 142:1011-1019. [PMID: 22459774 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves lung injury induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion, and fibrosis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. We recently reported that inhalation of lecithinized SOD (PC-SOD) ameliorated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We here studied effects of PC-SOD on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction and compared the results to those obtained with pirfenidone, a newly developed drug for IPF. METHODS Lung mechanics (elastance) and respiratory function (FVC) were assessed using a computer-controlled ventilator. Respiratory function was evaluated by monitoring percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). RESULTS Both inhalation of PC-SOD and oral administration of pirfenidone ameliorated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and changes in lung mechanics. Administration of bleomycin produced a decrease in both FVC and SpO2. PC-SOD treatment led to significant recovery of both parameters, whereas pirfenidone improved only SpO2. PC-SOD suppressed the bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammatory response and production of superoxide anions in the lung more effectively than pirfenidone. Furthermore, both PC-SOD and pirfenidone produced a therapeutic effect even when the drug was administered after the development of fibrosis. PC-SOD and pirfenidone also produced a synergistic therapeutic effect. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the superior activity of PC-SOD to pirfenidone against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and lung dysfunction is due to its unique antioxidant activity. We propose that treatment of IPF with a combination of PC-SOD and pirfenidone could be therapeutically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo; Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory, Infection, and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Keizo Sato
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Tohru Mizushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo; Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto.
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82
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McGovern TK, Robichaud A, Fereydoonzad L, Schuessler TF, Martin JG. Evaluation of respiratory system mechanics in mice using the forced oscillation technique. J Vis Exp 2013:e50172. [PMID: 23711876 DOI: 10.3791/50172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a powerful, integrative and translational tool permitting the experimental assessment of lung function in mice in a comprehensive, detailed, precise and reproducible manner. It provides measurements of respiratory system mechanics through the analysis of pressure and volume signals acquired in reaction to predefined, small amplitude, oscillatory airflow waveforms, which are typically applied at the subject's airway opening. The present protocol details the steps required to adequately execute forced oscillation measurements in mice using a computer-controlled piston ventilator (flexiVent; SCIREQ Inc, Montreal, Qc, Canada). The description is divided into four parts: preparatory steps, mechanical ventilation, lung function measurements, and data analysis. It also includes details of how to assess airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in anesthetized mice, a common application of this technique which also extends to other outcomes and various lung pathologies. Measurements obtained in naïve mice as well as from an oxidative-stress driven model of airway damage are presented to illustrate how this tool can contribute to a better characterization and understanding of studied physiological changes or disease models as well as to applications in new research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby K McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University
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83
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Massoud AH, Guay J, Shalaby KH, Bjur E, Ablona A, Chan D, Nouhi Y, McCusker CT, Mourad MW, Piccirillo CA, Mazer BD. Intravenous immunoglobulin attenuates airway inflammation through induction of forkhead box protein 3-positive regulatory T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1656-65.e3. [PMID: 22564681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a frequently used disease-modifying therapy for a large spectrum of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, yet its mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. Using a robust murine model of antigen-driven allergic airways disease, we have demonstrated that IVIG markedly improves ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness characterized by 4- to 6-fold enhancement in regulatory T (Treg) cells in pulmonary and associated lymphoid tissues. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether IVIG induces antigen-specific Treg cells and to address cellular interactions that lead to induction of Treg cells by IVIG. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were sensitized and challenged by means of intranasal OVA exposure. IVIG or albumin control was administered 24 hours before challenge. Treg cells were tracked by using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) knock-in reporter mice (Foxp3(GFP)), and Treg cell and dendritic cell (DC) phenotypes and activities were elucidated by using coculture and flow cytometry. RESULTS IVIG therapy of OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice induced antigen-specific forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3)-positive Treg cells from non-Treg cell precursors. The induced Treg cells home specifically to the lungs and draining lymph nodes and have greatly potentiated suppressive activity compared with that seen in Treg cells purified from control mice. Induction of Treg cells is mediated by tolerogenic DCs generated after IVIG exposure. Compared with albumin-treated, OVA-exposed mice, IVIG-primed DCs express altered Notch ligands, including increased Delta-4 and reduced Jagged-1 levels, reflecting decreased T(H)2 polarization. Furthermore, IVIG-primed DCs can stimulate Treg cell differentiation from uncommitted Foxp3(-)CD4(+) T cells ex vivo, and adoptive transfer of IVIG-primed DCs abrogates airway hyperresponsiveness and induces Treg cells. CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory effects of IVIG therapy can be mediated by the immunomodulation of DCs, creating a bridge that induces antigen-specific, highly suppressive Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Massoud
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Center-Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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84
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Tanaka KI, Sato K, Aoshiba K, Azuma A, Mizushima T. Superiority of PC-SOD to other anti-COPD drugs for elastase-induced emphysema and alteration in lung mechanics and respiratory function in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L1250-61. [PMID: 22505669 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00019.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilators (such as ipratropium bromide), steroids (such as fluticasone propionate), and newly developed anti-inflammatory drugs (such as roflumilast) are used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We recently reported that lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) confers a protective effect in mouse models of COPD. We here examined the therapeutic effect of the combined administration of PC-SOD with ipratropium bromide on pulmonary emphysema and compared the effect of PC-SOD to other types of drugs. The severity of emphysema in mice was assessed by various criteria. Lung mechanics (elastance) and respiratory function (ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first 0.05 s to forced vital capacity) were assessed. Administration of PC-SOD by inhalation suppressed elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, and respiratory dysfunction. The concomitant intratracheal administration of ipratropium bromide did not alter the ameliorating effects of PC-SOD. Administration of ipratropium bromide, fluticasone propionate, or roflumilast alone did not suppress the elastase-induced increase in the pulmonary level of superoxide anion, pulmonary inflammatory response, pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, or respiratory dysfunction as effectively as did PC-SOD. PC-SOD, but not the other drugs, showed a therapeutic effect even when the drug was administered after the development of emphysema. PC-SOD also suppressed the cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammatory response and increase in airway resistance. Based on these results, we consider that the inhalation of PC-SOD would be therapeutically beneficial for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio Univ., 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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85
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Zhong H, Acero L, Weng T, Melicoff E, West JD, Hemnes A, Grenz A, Eltzschig HK, Blackwell TS, Xia Y, Johnston RA, Zeng D, Belardinelli L, Blackburn MR. The A2B adenosine receptor modulates pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease. FASEB J 2012; 26:2546-57. [PMID: 22415303 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of pulmonary hypertension is a common and deadly complication of interstitial lung disease. Little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to pulmonary hypertension in patients with interstitial lung disease, and effective treatment options are lacking. The purpose of this study was to examine the adenosine 2B receptor (A(2B)R) as a regulator of vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. To accomplish this, cellular and molecular changes in vascular remodeling were monitored in mice exposed to bleomycin in conjunction with genetic removal of the A(2B)R or treatment with the A(2B)R antagonist GS-6201. Results demonstrated that GS-6201 treatment or genetic removal of the A(2B)R attenuated vascular remodeling and hypertension in our model. Furthermore, direct A(2B)R activation on vascular cells promoted interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 release. These studies identify a novel mechanism of disease progression to pulmonary hypertension and support the development of A(2B)R antagonists for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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86
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Arteaga-Solis E, Settembre C, Ballabio A, Karsenty G. Sulfatases are determinants of alveolar formation. Matrix Biol 2012; 31:253-60. [PMID: 22366163 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar formation or alveolarization is orchestrated by a finely regulated and complex interaction between growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins. The lung parenchyma contains various extracellular matrix proteins including proteoglycans, which are composed of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked to a protein core. Although GAGs are known to regulate growth factor distribution and activity according to their degree of sulfation the role of sulfated GAG in the respiratory system is not well understood. The degree of sulfation of GAGs is regulated in part, by sulfatases that remove sulfate groups. In vertebrates, the enzyme Sulfatase-Modifying Factor 1 (Sumf1) activates all sulfatases. Here we utilized mice lacking Sumf1(-/-) to study the importance of proteoglycan desulfation in lung development. The Sumf1(-/-) mice have normal lungs up until the onset of alveolarization at post-natal day 5 (P5). We detected increased deposition of sulfated GAG throughout the lung parenchyma and a decrease in alveolar septa formation. Moreover, stereological analysis showed that the alveolar volume is 20% larger in Sumf1(-/-) as compared to wild type (WT) mice at P10 and P30. Additionally, pulmonary function test was consistent with increased alveolar volume. Genetic experiments demonstrate that in Sumf1(-/-) mice arrest of alveolarization is independent of fibroblast growth factor signaling. In turn, the Sumf1(-/-) mice have increased transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling and in vivo injection of TGFβ neutralizing antibody leads to normalization of alveolarization. Thus, absence of sulfatase activity increases sulfated GAG deposition in the lungs causing deregulation of TGFβ signaling and arrest of alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Arteaga-Solis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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87
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β2-Adrenoceptor agonist-induced RGS2 expression is a genomic mechanism of bronchoprotection that is enhanced by glucocorticoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:19713-8. [PMID: 22080612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110226108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, activation of G(q)-protein-coupled receptors causes bronchoconstriction. In each case, the management of moderate-to-severe disease uses inhaled corticosteroid (glucocorticoid)/long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) combination therapies, which are more efficacious than either monotherapy alone. In primary human airway smooth muscle cells, glucocorticoid/LABA combinations synergistically induce the expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2), a GTPase-activating protein that attenuates G(q) signaling. Functionally, RGS2 reduced intracellular free calcium flux elicited by histamine, methacholine, leukotrienes, and other spasmogens. Furthermore, protection against spasmogen-increased intracellular free calcium, following treatment for 6 h with LABA plus corticosteroid, was dependent on RGS2. Finally, Rgs2-deficient mice revealed enhanced bronchoconstriction to spasmogens and an absence of LABA-induced bronchoprotection. These data identify RGS2 gene expression as a genomic mechanism of bronchoprotection that is induced by glucocorticoids plus LABAs in human airway smooth muscle and provide a rational explanation for the clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid (glucocorticoid)/LABA combinations in obstructive airways diseases.
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88
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Wang X, Katwa P, Podila R, Chen P, Ke PC, Rao AM, Walters DM, Wingard CJ, Brown JM. Multi-walled carbon nanotube instillation impairs pulmonary function in C57BL/6 mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:24. [PMID: 21851604 PMCID: PMC3170188 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are widely used in many disciplines due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore, some concerns about the possible human health and environmental impacts of manufactured MWCNTs are rising. We hypothesized that instillation of MWCNTs impairs pulmonary function in C57BL/6 mice due to development of lung inflammation and fibrosis. Methods MWCNTs were administered to C57BL/6 mice by oropharyngeal aspiration (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) and we assessed lung inflammation and fibrosis by inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen content, and histological assessment. Pulmonary function was assessed using a FlexiVent system and levels of Ccl3, Ccl11, Mmp13 and IL-33 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. Results Mice administered MWCNTs exhibited increased inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and granuloma formation in lung tissue, which correlated with impaired pulmonary function as assessed by increased resistance, tissue damping, and decreased lung compliance. Pulmonary exposure to MWCNTs induced an inflammatory signature marked by cytokine (IL-33), chemokine (Ccl3 and Ccl11), and protease production (Mmp13) that promoted the inflammatory and fibrotic changes observed within the lung. Conclusions These results further highlight the potential adverse health effects that may occur following MWCNT exposure and therefore we suggest these materials may pose a significant risk leading to impaired lung function following environmental and occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
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