51
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Neudecker V, Yuan X, Bowser JL, Eltzschig HK. MicroRNAs in mucosal inflammation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:935-949. [PMID: 28726085 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Of the total human body's surface, the majority is internal surface, belonging to the lungs (100 m2) and intestinal tract (400 m2). In comparison, the external surface area, belonging to the skin, comprises less than 1% (2 m2). Continuous exposure of the mucosal surface to external factors (e.g., pathogens, food particles) requires tight regulation to maintain homeostasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gained noticeable attention as playing important roles in maintaining the steady-state of tissues by modulating immune functions and inflammatory responses. Accordingly, associations have been found between miRNA expression levels and human health conditions and diseases. These findings have important implications in inflammatory diseases involving pulmonary and intestinal mucosa, such as acute lung injury or inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we highlight the known biology of miRNAs and discuss the role of miRNAs in modulating mucosal defense and homeostasis. Additionally, we discuss miRNAs serving as potential therapeutic targets to treat immunological conditions, particularly mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Neudecker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Bagnato G, Roberts WN, Roman J, Gangemi S. A systematic review of overlapping microRNA patterns in systemic sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/144/160125. [PMID: 28515040 PMCID: PMC9488120 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0125-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis can be observed in systemic sclerosis and in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, two disorders where lung involvement carries a poor prognosis. Although much has been learned about the pathogenesis of these conditions, interventions capable of reversing or, at the very least, halting disease progression are not available. Recent studies point to the potential role of micro messenger RNAs (microRNAs) in cancer and tissue fibrogenesis. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA sequences (20–23 nucleotides) that are endogenous, evolutionarily conserved and encoded in the genome. By acting on several genes, microRNAs control protein expression. Considering the above, we engaged in a systematic review of the literature in search of overlapping observations implicating microRNAs in the pathogenesis of both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our objective was to uncover top microRNA candidates for further investigation based on their mechanisms of action and their potential for serving as targets for intervention against lung fibrosis. Our review points to microRNAs of the -29 family, -21-5p and -92a-3p, -26a-5p and let-7d-5p as having distinct and counter-balancing actions related to lung fibrosis. Based on this, we speculate that readjusting the disrupted balance between these microRNAs in lung fibrosis related to SSc and IPF may have therapeutic potential. miR-21-5p and the miR-29 family group cluster in systemic sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosishttp://ow.ly/D6B030bg2vn
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bagnato
- Division of Rheumatology, Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - William Neal Roberts
- Division of Rheumatology, Dept of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jesse Roman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dept of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Pozzuoli Unit, Italy
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Chen X, Shi C, Wang C, Liu W, Chu Y, Xiang Z, Hu K, Dong P, Han X. The role of miR-497-5p in myofibroblast differentiation of LR-MSCs and pulmonary fibrogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40958. [PMID: 28098218 PMCID: PMC5241881 DOI: 10.1038/srep40958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and fatal fibrotic lung disease characterized by profound changes in stem cell differentiation, epithelial cell phenotypes and fibroblast proliferation. In our study, we found that miR-497-5p was significantly upregulated both during myofibroblast differentiation of lung resident mesenchymal stem cells (LR-MSCs) and in the lung tissues of a pulmonary fibrosis model. In addition, as determined by luciferase assays and Western blot analysis, reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (Reck) was identified to be one of the target genes of miR-497-5p, and Reck could suppress the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp2) and Mmp9, which could activate latent transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). To test the potential therapeutic significance of this miRNA, we modulated the expression of miR-497-5p in LR-MSCs and relevant animal models. The results demonstrated that upregulation of miR-497-5p could induce LR-MSCs to differentiate into myofibroblasts and promote pulmonary fibrogenesis, while inhibition of its expression could effectively retard these processes. In conclusion, our work supports that controlling pulmonary fibrogenesis via inhibition of miR-497-5p expression may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory &State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chaowen Shi
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory &State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory &State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory &State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yanhong Chu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory &State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kebin Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, 17033, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping Dong
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory &State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory &State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, 210093, China
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Zou XZ, Liu T, Gong ZC, Hu CP, Zhang Z. MicroRNAs-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fibrotic diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:190-206. [PMID: 27916556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a large family of small and highly conserved non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression through translational repression or mRNA degradation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs underlies a spectrum of diseases including organ fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs contribute to organ fibrosis through mediating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Alleviation of EMT has been proposed as a promising strategy against fibrotic diseases given the key role of EMT in fibrosis. miRNAs impact the expression of specific ligands, receptors, and signaling pathways, thus modulating EMT and consequently influencing fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning how miRNAs regulate EMT and highlights the specific roles that miRNAs-regulated EMT plays in fibrotic diseases as diverse as pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis and cardiac fibrosis. It is desirable that a more comprehensive understanding of the functions of miRNAs-regulated EMT will facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various debilitating organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhou Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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56
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Nephron segment specific microRNA biomarkers of pre-clinical drug-induced renal toxicity: Opportunities and challenges. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 312:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Hong G, Quan J, Zhang L, Yu M. Propofol inhibits growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through regulation of the miR-21/Slug signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4120-4133. [PMID: 27829997 PMCID: PMC5095306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic agent, has been found to inhibit invasion and growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. However, the mechanisms underlying these tumor-promoting phenotypes are not known. The microRNA miR-21 has been reported to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, and overexpression of miR-21 confers a poor prognosis to patients with pancreatic cancer. Further studies have identified the E-cadherin transcription repressor Slug as a direct target of miR-21. In this study, we assessed whether propofol inhibits invasion and growth of pancreatic cancer cells by regulation of miR-21/Slug signaling. METHODS PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of propofol (1, 5 or 10 μg/mL) for 48 h, or 10 μg/mL propofol for 12, 24 or 36 h. Cell survival and apoptosis were detected by LDH release, BrdU cell proliferation and flow cytometry assays; cell invasion and migration were detected by transwell migration assays. miR-21 mimic (miR-21), Slug cDNA, PUMA siRNA and E-cadherin siRNA transfection was used to assess the signaling pathway in which propofol functions in PANC-1 cells. Protein and mRNA expression, respectively, were detected by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. RESULTS Propofol inhibited growth and invasion, and induced apoptosis, in a dose- and time-dependent manner in PANC-1 cells. Propofol inhibited miR-21 levels and decreased Slug expression, resulting in an increase in Slug-dependent PUMA and E-cadherin expression in PANC-1 cells. miR-21 overexpression or PUMA or E-cadherin silencing impaired propofol-induced cell apoptosis, growth and invasion. Re-expression of Slug attenuated the expression of PUMA and E-cadherin that was induced by propofol treatment, the reduction of growth and invasion, and the increase in cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Propofol can effectively inhibit invasion and induce apoptosis of PANC-1 cells by regulating miR-21/Slug signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangchen Hong
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Shinan DistrictQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinping Quan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Meiqin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, Shandong, China
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Yan L, Cao R, Liu Y, Wang L, Pan B, Lv X, Jiao H, Zhuang Q, Sun X, Xiao R. MiR-21-5p Links Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype with Stem-Like Cell Signatures via AKT Signaling in Keloid Keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28281. [PMID: 27596120 PMCID: PMC5011940 DOI: 10.1038/srep28281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid is the abnormal wound healing puzzled by the aggressive growth and high recurrence rate due to its unrevealed key pathogenic mechanism. MicroRNAs contribute to a series of biological processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cells stemness involved in fibrotic disease. Here, using microRNAs microarray analysis we found mir-21-5p was significantly up-regulated in keloid epidermis. To investigate the role of miR-21-5p in keloid pathogenesis, we transfected miR-21-5p mimic or inhibitor in keloid keratinocytes and examined the abilities of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, the expressions of EMT-related markers vimentin and E-cadherin and stem-like cells-associated markers CD44 and ALDH1, and the involvement of PTEN and the signaling of AKT and ERK. Our results demonstrated that up-regulation or knockdown of miR-21-5p significantly increased or decreased the migration, invasion and sphere-forming abilities of keloid keratinocytes, and the phenotype of EMT and cells stemness were enhanced or reduced as well. Furthermore, PTEN and p-AKT were shown to participate in the regulation of miR-21-5p on EMT phenotypes and stemness signatures of keloid keratinocytes, which might account for the invasion and recurrence of keloids. This molecular mechanism of miR-21-5p on keloid keratinocytes linked EMT with cells stemness and implicated novel therapeutic targets for keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - YuanBo Liu
- Extremities Plastic and Reconstructive Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - LianZhao Wang
- Comprehensive Treatment Center of Scar, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bo Pan
- Auricular Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - XiaoYan Lv
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hu Jiao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - XueJian Sun
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ran Xiao
- Research Center of Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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Makiguchi T, Yamada M, Yoshioka Y, Sugiura H, Koarai A, Chiba S, Fujino N, Tojo Y, Ota C, Kubo H, Kobayashi S, Yanai M, Shimura S, Ochiya T, Ichinose M. Serum extracellular vesicular miR-21-5p is a predictor of the prognosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2016; 17:110. [PMID: 27596748 PMCID: PMC5011900 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0427-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a poor prognosis. Although the median survival is 3 years, the clinical course varies to a large extent among IPF patients. To date, there has been no definitive prognostic marker. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to hold nucleic acid, including microRNAs, and to regulate gene expression in the recipient cells. Moreover, EVs have been shown to express distinct surface proteins or enveloped microRNAs depending on the parent cell or pathological condition. We aimed to identify serum EV microRNAs that would be prognostic for IPF. Methods To determine target microRNAs in IPF, we measured serum EV microRNA expression profiles using microRNA PCR arrays in a bleomycin mouse model and validated the microRNAs in additional mice using RT-PCR. Secondly, we enrolled 41 IPF patients and conducted a 30-month prospective cohort study. Expression of serum EV miR-21-5p was normalized by dividing by the EV amount. The relative amount of EVs was measured using the ExoScreen method. We calculated the correlations between baseline serum EV miR-21-5p expression and other clinical variables. Furthermore, we determined if serum EV miR-21-5p can predict mortality during 30 months using the Cox hazard model. According to the median level, we divided the IPF patients into two groups. Then we compared the survival rate during 30 months between the two groups using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Serum EV miR-21-5p was elevated in both the acute inflammatory phase (day 7) and the chronic fibrotic phase (day 28) in the mouse model. In the clinical setting, serum EV miR-21-5p was significantly higher in IPF patients than in healthy control subjects. The baseline serum EV miR-21-5p was correlated with the rate of decline in vital capacity over 6 months. Furthermore, serum EV miR-21-5p was independently associated with mortality during the following 30 months, even after adjustment for other variables. In the survival analysis, IPF patients whose baseline serum EV miR-21-5p was high had a significantly poorer prognosis over 30 months. Conclusions Our results suggest that serum EV miR-21-5p has potential as a prognostic biomarker for IPF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0427-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Makiguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shigeki Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tojo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ota
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease and Regenerative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita-aza, Ishinomaki, 986-8522, Japan
| | - Masaru Yanai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, 71 Nishimichishita, Hebita-aza, Ishinomaki, 986-8522, Japan
| | - Sanae Shimura
- Hikarigaoka Spellman Hospital, 6-7-1 Higashisendai, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-0833, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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Wu Q, Han L, Yan W, Ji X, Han R, Yang J, Yuan J, Ni C. miR-489 inhibits silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting MyD88 and Smad3 and is negatively regulated by lncRNA CHRF. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30921. [PMID: 27506999 PMCID: PMC4978961 DOI: 10.1038/srep30921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an incurable occupational disease associated with inflammation, fibroblast proliferation and the accumulation of extracellular matrix in lung tissues. The dysregulation of lncRNAs and miRNAs has been implicated in many complex diseases; however, the current understanding of their roles in fibrotic lung diseases, especially silicosis, remains limited. Our previous microRNA (miRNA, miR) microarray data have indicated decreased expression levels of miR-489 in lung tissues of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we further explored the role of miR-489 in a mouse model of silicosis. Interestingly, miR-489 levels were reduced in both macrophages that were exposed to silica and fibroblasts that were exposed to TGF-β1. Additionally, the overexpressed miR-489 carried out its anti-fibrotic role by attenuating inflammation and fibrotic progression in vivo. Our molecular study further demonstrated that miR-489 inhibited silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis primarily by repressing its target genes MyD88 and Smad3. Moreover, the up-regulated lncRNA cardiac hypertrophy-related factor (CHRF) reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-489 on MyD88 and Smad3 and then triggered the inflammation and fibrotic signaling pathways. Overall, our data indicate that the CHRF-miR-489-MyD88 Smad3 signaling axis exerts key functions in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and may represent a therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwen Yan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruhui Han
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjin Yang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Yuan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Usui-Ouchi A, Ouchi Y, Kiyokawa M, Sakuma T, Ito R, Ebihara N. Upregulation of Mir-21 Levels in the Vitreous Humor Is Associated with Development of Proliferative Vitreoretinal Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158043. [PMID: 27351379 PMCID: PMC4924816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional inhibition of mRNA translation. Dysregulation of miRNAs, including circulating miRNAs, has been reported to play an important role in the development of various diseases, including fibrotic diseases. Aberrant expression of miRNAs in the vitreous humor of vitreoretinal diseased eyes has been reported. However, the expression pattern of miRNAs present in the vitreous humor of proliferative vitreoretinal disease (PVD) patients, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), remains unknown. To investigate the factors important for the development of PVD, we characterized the miRNAs present in the vitreous humor of PVD patients and analyzed the expression profiles of 377 miRNAs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based miRNA arrays. The expression of a specific subset of miRNAs, previously reported to be associated with the development of angiogenesis and fibrosis, was significantly altered in the vitreous of PVD patients. Among these miRNAs, we identified miR-21 as a candidate fibrotic miRNA with an important role in the pathogenesis of PVD. Increased miR-21 levels in the vitreous were associated with retinal fibrosis, including PVR and PDR. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPECs) plays a critical role in retinal fibrosis, the expression of miR-21 in human RPECs was determined. Its expression in RPECs was induced by transforming growth factor-β, a key growth factor involved in fibrogenesis, and was enhanced by high glucose culture conditions, suggesting that miR-21 expression positively correlates with disease progression. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that miR-21 promoted cell proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells without affecting EMT-related gene expression. Together, our studies have identified miR-21 as a potential disease-modifying miRNA in the vitreous humor that is involved in the development of retinal fibrosis and may be a novel marker of PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Usui-Ouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuo Ouchi
- Division of Innate Regulation, International Research, and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kiyokawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sakuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rei Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
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Antognelli C, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase I drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70, miR-21 and SMAD signalling in human bronchial cells BEAS-2B chronically exposed to crystalline silica Min-U-Sil 5: Transformation into a neoplastic-like phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 92:110-125. [PMID: 26784015 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase I (Glo1) is the main scavenging enzyme of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are known to control multiple biological processes, including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a multistep phenomenon associated with cell transformation, playing a major role in a variety of diseases, including cancer. Crystalline silica is a well-known occupational health hazard, responsible for a great number of human pulmonary diseases, such as silicosis. There is still much debate concerning the carcinogenic role of crystalline silica, mainly due to the lack of a causal demonstration between silica exposure and carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that EMT might play a role in crystalline silica-induced lung neoplastic transformation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and by means of which mechanism, the antiglycation defence Glo1 is involved in Min-U-Sil 5 (MS5) crystalline silica-induced EMT in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells chronically exposed, and whether this is associated with the beginning of a neoplastic-like transformation process. By using gene silencing/overexpression and scavenging/inhibitory agents, we demonstrated that MS5 induced hydrogen peroxide-mediated c-Jun-dependent Glo1 up-regulation which resulted in a decrease in the Argpyrimidine-modified Hsp70 protein level which triggered EMT in a novel mechanism involving miR-21 and SMAD signalling. The observed EMT was associated with a neoplastic-like phenotype. The results obtained provide a causal in vitro demonstration of the MS5 pro-carcinogenic transforming role and more importantly they provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in this process, thus opening new paths in research concerning the in vivo study of the carcinogenic potential of crystalline silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Angela Gambelunghe
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale L. Severi 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
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Liu RH, Ning B, Ma XE, Gong WM, Jia TH. Regulatory roles of microRNA-21 in fibrosis through interaction with diverse pathways (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2359-66. [PMID: 26846276 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a small, non-coding RNA which can regulate gene expression at the post‑transcriptional level. While the fibrogenic process is vital in tissue repair, proliferation and transition of fibrogenic cells combined with an imbalance of secretion and degradation of the extracellular matrix results in excessive tissue remodeling and fibrosis. Recent studies have indicated that miR‑21 is overexpressed during fibrosis and can regulate the fibrogenic process in a variety of organs and tissues via diverse pathways. The present review summarized the significant roles of miR-21 in fibrosis and discussed the underlying key pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Han Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ning
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-En Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Gong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Tang-Hong Jia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Rajasekaran S, Rajaguru P, Sudhakar Gandhi PS. MicroRNAs as potential targets for progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:254. [PMID: 26594173 PMCID: PMC4633493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and devastating disorder. It is characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury and activation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, initiation of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), aberrant proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, exaggerated deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and finally leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in diverse biological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastasis. As a result, miRNAs have emerged as a major area of biomedical research with relevance to pulmonary fibrosis. In this context, the present review discusses specific patterns of dysregulated miRNAs in patients with IPF. Further, we discuss the current understanding of miRNAs involvement in regulating lung inflammation, TGF-β1-mediated EMT and fibroblast differentiation processes, ECM genes expression, and in the progression of lung fibrosis. The possible future directions that might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - P Rajaguru
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - P S Sudhakar Gandhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Anna University Tiruchirappalli, India
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Ota C, Ishizawa K, Yamada M, Tando Y, He M, Takahashi T, Yamaya M, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Kure S, Kubo H. Receptor for advanced glycation end products expressed on alveolar epithelial cells is the main target for hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Respir Investig 2015; 54:98-108. [PMID: 26879479 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is abundantly expressed on alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and participates in innate immune responses such as apoptosis and inflammation. However, it is unclear whether RAGE-mediated apoptosis of AECs is associated with hyperoxia-induced lung injury. METHODS We used wild-type and RAGE-knockout C57BL6/J mice in this study. In addition, we developed bone marrow chimeric mouse models expressing RAGE on hematopoietic or non-hematopoietic cells, including lung parenchymal cells, and compared survival ratios and changes in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier after hyperoxia exposure. Further, we prepared single cell suspensions of lung cells and evaluated the apoptosis of AECs or microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) by using a combination of antibodies and JC-1 dye. We also examined whether RAGE inhibition decreased hyperoxia-induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial cells in vitro. RESULTS After hyperoxia exposure, mice expressing RAGE on lung cells showed lower survival rate and increased alveolar-capillary permeability than mice expressing RAGE on hematopoietic cells. RAGE-expressing AECs showed significantly higher apoptosis than RAGE-knockout AECs after in vivo hyperoxia exposure. The level of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis was not different in MVECs. However, RAGE-null lung epithelial cells showed lower apoptosis than RAGE-expressing cells in vitro. CONCLUSION These results indicated that RAGE on AECs mainly contributed to hyperoxia-induced lung injury and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Ota
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Kota Ishizawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Tando
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mei He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mutsuo Yamaya
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Vancheri C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer: do they really look similar? BMC Med 2015; 13:220. [PMID: 26399408 PMCID: PMC4581087 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this opinion article is to understand to what extent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can be considered, in its clinical and pathogenic features, similar to cancer. Indeed, IPF has common risk factors with cancer, a low survival, and, most importantly, epigenetic and genetic alterations, abnormal expression of microRNAs, cellular and molecular aberrances, and the activation of similar signalling pathways. DISCUSSION The pathogenic link between the two diseases may have a number of practical consequences. It may improve our understanding of IPF drawing on cancer biology knowledge. In addition, the recognition of similar pathogenic pathways may also encourage the use of cancer drugs for the treatment of IPF. Nintedanib, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors initially developed for cancer, has been recently approved for the treatment of IPF thanks to the observation that these receptors are also abnormally activated in IPF. The vision of IPF as a cancer-like disease may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease also opening new scenarios for repositioning cancer drugs for IPF. In addition, it may increase the level of awareness towards this dreadful disease at the public, political, and healthcare level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Vancheri
- Regional Centre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78 - building 4, first floor, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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Lui PY, Jin DY, Stevenson NJ. MicroRNA: master controllers of intracellular signaling pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3531-42. [PMID: 26059472 PMCID: PMC11113591 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways are essential intracellular networks that coordinate molecular outcomes to external stimuli. Tight regulation of these pathways is essential to ensure an appropriate response. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small, non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by binding to the complementary sequence on target mRNA, thus limiting protein translation. Intracellular pathways are controlled by protein regulators, such as suppressor of cytokine signaling and A20. Until recently, expression of these classical protein regulators was thought to be controlled solely by transcriptional induction and proteasomal degradation; however, there is a growing body of evidence describing their regulation by miRNA. This new information has transformed our understanding of cell signaling by adding a previously unknown layer of regulatory control. This review outlines the miRNA regulation of these classical protein regulators and describes their broad effects at both cellular and disease levels. We review the regulation of three important signaling pathways, including the JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and TGF-β pathways, and summarize an extensive catalog of their regulating miRNAs. This information highlights the importance of the miRNA regulon and reveals a previously unknown regulatory landscape that must be included in the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets for clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Yin Lui
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Nigel J. Stevenson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Fukunaga S, Kakehashi A, Sumida K, Kushida M, Asano H, Gi M, Wanibuchi H. Integrative analyses of miRNA and proteomics identify potential biological pathways associated with onset of pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin rat model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:188-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ota C, Yamada M, Fujino N, Motohashi H, Tando Y, Takei Y, Suzuki T, Takahashi T, Kamata S, Makiguchi T, Yamaya M, Kubo H. Histone deacetylase inhibitor restores surfactant protein-C expression in alveolar-epithelial type II cells and attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:422-34. [PMID: 26151196 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1060275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Surfactant protein-C (SP-C) of alveolar epithelial type II cells (ATII) plays a key role in maintaining alveolar integrity and repair. Mutations or decreased expression of SFTPC, the gene encoding SP-C, causes ATII injury and aberrant repair of the lung tissue to develop pulmonary fibrosis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) epigenetically remove acetyl groups from acetylated histones and regulate transcription. HDAC inhibitors attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrotic disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Trichostatin A (TSA), a pan-HDAC inhibitor, epigenetically exerts a protective effect on ATII against fibrotic changes via the restoration of SFTPC expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated A549 cells with TGF-β1 to induce EMT, followed by TSA treatment. We evaluated SFTPC mRNA, histone acetylation levels in the SFTPC gene promoter region, and pro-SP-C protein. C57BL6/J mice were treated with intratracheal bleomycin instillation followed by TSA administration. Histological changes and Sftpc mRNA expression in isolated ATII were evaluated. RESULTS TGF-β1 treatment decreased SFTPC mRNA in A549 cells. TSA restored SFTPC mRNA, and increased histone H4 acetylation in the SFTPC promoter region in vitro. The administration of TSA partially attenuated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and increased the Sftpc mRNA expression in isolated ATII from bleomycin-treated lungs in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Decreased expression of SFTPC by TGF-β1 treatment was restored by TSA via hyperacetylation of histone H4 in the promoter region. TSA partially attenuated pulmonary fibrosis and increased Sftpc mRNA in ATII. Our findings suggest that the epigenetic restoration of SP-C would be a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Ota
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,b Department of Pediatrics , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- d Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer , Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yukiko Tando
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yusuke Takei
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,e Department of Anesthesiology , Tohoku University Hospital , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- f Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer , Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,e Department of Anesthesiology , Tohoku University Hospital , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamata
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan.,f Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer , Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Tomonori Makiguchi
- c Department of Respiratory Medicine , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Mutsuo Yamaya
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kubo
- a Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine for Infectious Disease , Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , 2-1 Seiryoumachi, Aobaku , Sendai , Japan
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Campo I, Zorzetto M, Bonella F. Facts and promises on lung biomarkers in interstitial lung diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:437-57. [DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1062367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tang H, He H, Ji H, Gao L, Mao J, Liu J, Lin H, Wu T. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inhibits transforming growth factor-beta-β–dependent epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Surg Res 2015; 197:167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu Y, Guo R, Hao G, Xiao J, Bao Y, Zhou J, Chen Q, Wei X. The expression profiling and ontology analysis of noncoding RNAs in peritoneal fibrosis induced by peritoneal dialysis fluid. Gene 2015; 564:210-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Zhang D, Xie L, Jin Y. In situ Detection of MicroRNAs: The Art of MicroRNA Research in Human Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; Suppl 3. [PMID: 28529819 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7099.s3-013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
| | - Lixin Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 02115
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miRNA in situ hybridization in circulating tumor cells--MishCTC. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9207. [PMID: 25777797 PMCID: PMC4361864 DOI: 10.1038/srep09207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) must be phenotypically and genetically characterized before they can be utilized in clinical applications. Here, we present the first protocol for the detection of miRNAs in CTCs using in situ hybridization (ISH) combined with immunomagnetic selection based on cytokeratin (CK) expression and immunocytochemistry. Locked-Nucleic Acid (LNA) probes associated with an enzyme-labeled fluorescence (ELF) signal amplification approach were used to detect miRNA-21 in CTCs. This protocol was optimized using both epithelial tumor (MDA-MB468) and epithelial non-tumor (MCF-10A) cell lines, and miRNA-21 was selected as the target miRNA because of its known role as an onco-miRNA. Hematopoietic cells do not express miRNA-21; thus, miRNA-21 is an ideal marker for detecting CTCs. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 25 cancer patients and these samples were analyzed using our developed protocol. Of the 25 samples, 11 contained CTCs. For all 11 CTC-positive samples, the isolated CTCs expressed both CK and miRNA-21. Finally, the protocol was applied to monitor miRNA-21 expression in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced MCF-7 cells, an epithelial tumor cell line. CK expression was lost in these cells, whereas miRNA-21 was still expressed, suggesting that miRNA-21 might be a good marker for detecting CTCs with an EMT phenotype.
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Butler MG, Wang K, Marshall JD, Naggert JK, Rethmeyer JA, Gunewardena SS, Manzardo AM. Coding and noncoding expression patterns associated with rare obesity-related disorders: Prader-Willi and Alström syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2015:53-75. [PMID: 25705109 DOI: 10.2147/agg.s74598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by hyperphagia in several classical genetic obesity-related syndromes that are rare, including Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Alström syndrome (ALMS). We compared coding and noncoding gene expression in adult males with PWS, ALMS, and nonsyndromic obesity relative to nonobese males using readily available lymphoblastoid cells to identify disease-specific molecular patterns and disturbed mechanisms in obesity. We found 231 genes upregulated in ALMS compared with nonobese males, but no genes were found to be upregulated in obese or PWS males and 124 genes were downregulated in ALMS. The metallothionein gene (MT1X) was significantly downregulated in ALMS, in common with obese males. Only the complex SNRPN locus was disturbed (downregulated) in PWS along with several downregulated small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in the 15q11-q13 region (SNORD116, SNORD109B, SNORD109A, SNORD107). Eleven upregulated and ten downregulated snoRNAs targeting multiple genes impacting rRNA processing, developmental pathways, and associated diseases were found in ALMS. Fifty-two miRNAs associated with multiple, overlapping gene expression disturbances were upregulated in ALMS, and four were shared with obese males but not PWS males. For example, seven passenger strand microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-93*, miR-373*, miR-29b-2*, miR-30c-1*, miR27a*, miR27b*, and miR-149*) were disturbed in association with six separate downregulated target genes (CD68, FAM102A, MXI1, MYO1D, TP53INP1, and ZRANB1). Cell cycle (eg, PPP3CA), transcription (eg, POLE2), and development may be impacted by upregulated genes in ALMS, while downregulated genes were found to be involved with metabolic processes (eg, FABP3), immune responses (eg, IL32), and cell signaling (eg, IL1B). The high number of gene and noncoding RNA disturbances in ALMS contrast with observations in PWS and males with nonsyndromic obesity and may reflect the progressing multiorgan pathology of the ALMS disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin G Butler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Jasmine A Rethmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sumedha S Gunewardena
- Department of Biostatistics, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ann M Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Liu Z, Wang J, Guo C, Fan X. microRNA-21 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human hepatocytes via PTEN/Akt pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:24-8. [PMID: 25661333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-21 has been shown to play fundamental role in diverse biological and pathological processes, including fibrotic diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether miR-21 regulated the fibrogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human hepatocytes QSG-7701 and explored underlying mechanisms. The results showed that treatment of QSG-7701 cells with pro-fibrogenic factor TGF-β1 resulted in increased expression of miR-21 and promoted fibrogenic EMT in hepatocytes. Downregulation of miR-21 expression by transfection of anti-miR-21 into QSG-7701 cells inhibited fibrogenic EMT induced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-21 alone also resulted in EMT-like transformation in QSG-7701 cells. TGF-β1 treatment resulted in decreased PTEN and increased Akt phosphorylation and anti-miR-21 abolished this effect. Overexpression of miR-21 in QSG-7701 cells also downregulated PTEN and upregulated Akt phosphralation. Inhibition of Akt signaling by specific inhibitor Akt inhibitor IV blocked TGF-β1 and miR-21-induced fibrogenic EMT. In summary, our results identify miR-21 as a key regulator of fibrogenic EMT in hepatocytes via PTEN/Akt pathway. Targeting miR-21 may provide a new therapeutic strategy against hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Yao HW, Li J. Epigenetic Modifications in Fibrotic Diseases: Implications for Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Targets. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:2-13. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.219816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Chen J, Zmijewska A, Zhi D, Mannon RB. Cyclosporine-mediated allograft fibrosis is associated with micro-RNA-21 through AKT signaling. Transpl Int 2014; 28:232-45. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Anna Zmijewska
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics; School of Public Health; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - Roslyn B. Mannon
- Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
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Selman M, Pardo A. Revealing the pathogenic and aging-related mechanisms of the enigmatic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. an integral model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 189:1161-72. [PMID: 24641682 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201312-2221pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that aberrant activation of alveolar epithelial cells and fibroblasts in an aging lung plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the biopathological processes linking aging with IPF and the mechanisms responsible for the abnormal activation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts have not been elucidated. Many of the hallmarks of aging (e.g., genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence) have been proposed as essential mechanisms for the development of IPF; however, these disturbances are not restricted to IPF and also occur in other aging-related lung disorders, primarily chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, an unanswered question is why a current/former smoker of about 60 years of age with shorter telomeres, alveolar epithelial senescence, excessive oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction develops IPF and not COPD; in other words, what makes old lungs specifically susceptible to develop IPF? In this Perspective, we propose an integral model in which the combination of some gene variants and/or gene expression in the aging lung results in the loss of epithelial integrity and consequently in the failure of the alveoli to correctly respond to injury and to face the stress associated with mechanical stretch. Afterward, a distinctive epigenetic "reprogramming" that affects both epithelial cells and fibroblasts provokes, among others, the recapitulation of developmental pathways and the aberrant activation and miscommunication between both cell types, resulting in the exaggerated production and accumulation of extracellular matrix and the subsequent destruction of the lung architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Selman
- 1 Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," México DF, Mexico; and
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80
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Renzoni E, Srihari V, Sestini P. Pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: review of recent findings. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:69. [PMID: 25165568 PMCID: PMC4126534 DOI: 10.12703/p6-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is likely to result from the interaction between environmental exposures, including cigarette smoke, and genetic predisposition. This review focuses on clues provided by recent genetic association studies and other selected data and hypotheses. In IPF, association with surfactant mutations has highlighted the importance of type II epithelial cells, while shortened telomeres in some patients suggest that accelerated aging may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, possibly by affecting the renewal/differentiation potential of epithelial cells. The finding that a common variant in mucin 5B predisposes individuals to both familial and sporadic IPF suggests a hitherto under-investigated role of bronchiolar cells and mucins. Although the pathogenetic link between mucins and lung fibrosis is not known, it is possible that MUC5B overexpression interferes with physiological mucosal host defense, with reduced clearance of micro-organisms or inorganic noxious agents, or induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Other components of innate and adaptive immunity are likely to be involved in IPF pathogenesis/progression. Finally, the importance of the clotting cascade in IPF pathogenesis has been confirmed by a recent epidemiological study, in which patients with IPF were almost five times more likely than general population controls to have at least one inherited or acquired clotting defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Renzoni
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London, Emmanuel Kaye Building, 1B Manresa Road, London SW3 6LRUK
| | - Veeraraghavan Srihari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Emory University1365 Clifton Rd NE Rm A 4319, Atlanta, GA 30322USA
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ospedale “Le Scotte”, University of Siena, viale Bracci53100 SienaItaly
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Abstract
Immune-mediated pulmonary diseases are a group of diseases that resulted from immune imbalance initiated by allergens or of unknown causes. Inflammatory responses without restrictions cause tissue damage and remodeling, which leads to airway hyperactivity, destruction of alveolar architecture, and a resultant loss of lung function. Epigenetic mechanisms have been demonstrated to be involved in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Recent studies have identified that epigenetic changes also regulate molecular pathways in immune-mediated lung diseases. Aberrant DNA methylation status, dysregulation of histone modifications, as well as altered microRNAs expression could change transcription activity of genes involved in the development of immune-mediated pulmonary diseases, which contributes to skewed differentiation of T cells and proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts, leading to overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, respectively. Aside from this, epigenetics also explains how environmental exposure influence on gene transcription without genetic changes. It acts as a mediator of the interaction between environmental factors and genetic factors. Identification of the abnormal epigenetic marks in diseases provides novel biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis and affords novel therapeutic targets for those difficult clinical problems, such as steroid-resistance and rapidly progressing fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the latest experimental and translational epigenetic studies in immune-mediated pulmonary diseases, including asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and silicosis.
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82
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Novel insights into miRNA in lung and heart inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:259131. [PMID: 24991086 PMCID: PMC4058468 DOI: 10.1155/2014/259131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory sequences that govern posttranscriptional inhibition of genes through binding mainly at regulatory regions. The regulatory mechanism of miRNAs are influenced by complex crosstalk among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA seed region and epigenetic modifications. Circulating miRNAs exhibit potential characteristics as stable biomarker. Functionally, miRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including inflammation. Thus, miRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play an important role in disease susceptibility. This review focuses on the role of miRNA as diagnostic marker in pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases and in cardiac remodelling events during inflammation. From recent reports, In this context, the information about the models in which miRNAs expression were investigated including types of biological samples, as well as on the methods for miRNA validation and prediction/definition of their gene targets are emphasized in the review. Besides disease pathogenesis, promising role of miRNAs in early disease diagnosis and prognostication is also discussed. However, some miRNAs are also indicated with protective role. Thus, identifications and usage of such potential miRNAs as well as disruption of disease susceptible miRNAs using antagonists, antagomirs, are imperative and may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards combating the disease progression.
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