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Reinhardt F, Franken A, Fehm T, Neubauer H. Navigation through inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of endocrine resistance mechanisms in breast cancer: A potential role for Liquid Biopsies? Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317731511. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317731511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of breast cancers are hormone receptor positive due to the expression of the estrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Endocrine therapy is a major treatment option for all disease stages of hormone receptor–positive breast cancer and improves overall survival. However, endocrine therapy is limited by de novo and acquired resistance. Several factors have been proposed for endocrine therapy failures, which include molecular alterations in the estrogen receptor pathway, altered expression of cell-cycle regulators, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a consequence of tumor progression and selection pressure. It is essential to reveal and monitor intra- and intertumoral alterations in breast cancer to allow optimal therapy outcome. Endocrine therapy navigation by molecular profiling of tissue biopsies is the current gold standard but limited in many reasons. “Liquid biopsies” such as circulating-tumor cells and circulating-tumor DNA offer hope to fill that gap in allowing non-invasive serial assessment of biomarkers predicting success of endocrine therapy regimen. In this context, this review will provide an overview on inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of endocrine resistance mechanisms and discuss the potential role of “liquid biopsies” as navigators to personalize treatment methods and prevent endocrine treatment resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reinhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Priedigkeit N, Watters RJ, Lucas PC, Basudan A, Bhargava R, Horne W, Kolls JK, Fang Z, Rosenzweig MQ, Brufsky AM, Weiss KR, Oesterreich S, Lee AV. Exome-capture RNA sequencing of decade-old breast cancers and matched decalcified bone metastases. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95703. [PMID: 28878133 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases (BoM) are a significant cause of morbidity in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer; yet, characterizations of human specimens are limited. In this study, exome-capture RNA sequencing (ecRNA-seq) on aged (8-12 years), formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE), and decalcified cancer specimens was evaluated. Gene expression values and ecRNA-seq quality metrics from FFPE or decalcified tumor RNA showed minimal differences when compared with matched flash-frozen or nondecalcified tumors. ecRNA-seq was then applied on a longitudinal collection of 11 primary breast cancers and patient-matched synchronous or recurrent BoMs. Overtime, BoMs exhibited gene expression shifts to more Her2 and LumB PAM50 subtype profiles, temporally influenced expression evolution, recurrently dysregulated prognostic gene sets, and longitudinal expression alterations of clinically actionable genes, particularly in the CDK/Rb/E2F and FGFR signaling pathways. Taken together, this study demonstrates the use of ecRNA-seq on decade-old and decalcified specimens and defines recurrent longitudinal transcriptional remodeling events in estrogen-deprived breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Priedigkeit
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca J Watters
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Peter C Lucas
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, and
| | - Ahmed Basudan
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - William Horne
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhou Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret Q Rosenzweig
- Acute and Tertiary Care Department, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam M Brufsky
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Magee-Womens Research Institute, Magee-Womens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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53
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Leung EY, Askarian-Amiri ME, Sarkar D, Ferraro-Peyret C, Joseph WR, Finlay GJ, Baguley BC. Endocrine Therapy of Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells: Early Differential Effects on Stem Cell Markers. Front Oncol 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28929082 PMCID: PMC5591432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endocrine therapy of breast cancer, which either deprives cancer tissue of estrogen or prevents estrogen pathway signaling, is the most common treatment after surgery and radiotherapy. We have previously shown for the estrogen-responsive MCF-7 cell line that exposure to tamoxifen, or deprivation of estrogen, leads initially to inhibition of cell proliferation, followed after several months by the emergence of resistant sub-lines that are phenotypically different from the parental line. We examined the early responses of MCF-7 cells following either exposure to 4-hydroxytamoxifen or deprivation of estrogen for periods of 2 days–4 weeks. Methods Endocrine-sensitive or -resistant breast cancer cell lines were used to examine the expression of the stem cell gene SOX2, and the Wnt effector genes AXIN2 and DKK1 using quantitative PCR analysis. Breast cancer cell lines were used to assess the anti-proliferative effects (as determined by IC50 values) of Wnt pathway inhibitors LGK974 and IWP-2. Results Hormone therapy led to time-dependent increases of up to 10-fold in SOX2 expression, up to threefold in expression of the Wnt target genes AXIN2 and DKK1, and variable changes in NANOG and OCT4 expression. The cells also showed increased mammosphere formation and increased CD24 surface protein expression. Some but not all hormone-resistant MCF-7 sub-lines, emerging after long-term hormonal stress, showed up to 50-fold increases in SOX2 expression and smaller increases in AXIN2 and DKK1 expression. However, the increase in Wnt target gene expression was not accompanied by an increase in sensitivity to Wnt pathway inhibitors LGK974 and IWP-2. A general trend of lower IC50 values was observed in 3-dimensional spheroid culture conditions (which allowed enrichment of cells with cancer stem cell phenotype) relative to monolayer cultures. The endocrine-resistant cell lines showed no significant increase in sensitivity to Wnt inhibitors. Conclusion Hormone treatment of cultured MCF-7 cells leads within 2 days to increased expression of components of the SOX2 and Wnt pathways and to increased potential for mammosphere formation. We suggest that these responses are indicative of early adaptation to endocrine stress with features of stem cell character and that this facilitates the survival of emerging hormone-resistant cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euphemia Y Leung
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marjan E Askarian-Amiri
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debina Sarkar
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM 1052, CNRS5286, Lyon, France.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Molecular Biology of Tumors, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Wayne R Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme J Finlay
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Molecular Medicine and Pathology Department, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wu Y, Tran T, Dwabe S, Sarkissyan M, Kim J, Nava M, Clayton S, Pietras R, Farias-Eisner R, Vadgama JV. A83-01 inhibits TGF-β-induced upregulation of Wnt3 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 163:449-460. [PMID: 28337662 PMCID: PMC5427117 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of interactions between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways that induce and regulate EMT and promote breast cancer cells to become resistant to treatment. METHODS The effect of TGF-β on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was examined by using a human Wnt/β-catenin-regulated cDNA plate array and western blot analysis. The interaction of Twist at promoter of Wnt3 was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Secreted Wnt3 level was determined by ELISA assay. RESULTS HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells treated with TGF-β have a reduced response to trastuzumab and exhibited EMT-like phenotype. The TGF-β-induced EMT in HER2-cells was concordant with upregulation of Wnt3 and β-catenin pathways. The TGF-β-induced induction of Wnt3 during EMT was found to be Smad3-dependent. ChIP analysis identified occupancy of Twist at promoter region of Wnt3. Knock-down of Twist by shRNA confirmed the significance of Twist in response to TGF-β regulating Wnt3 during EMT. Subsequently, TGF-β-induced matrix metalloproteinases, MMP1, MMP7, MMP9, MMP26, Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling were repressed by the shRNA treatment. TGF-βR1 ALK5 kinase inhibitor, A83-01 can effectively prevent the TGF-β-induced Twist and Wnt3. Co-treating A83-01 and trastuzumab inhibited TGF-β-induced cell invasion significantly in both trastuzumab responsive and resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated an important interdependence between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways inducing EMT in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Twist served as a linkage between the two pathways during TGF-β-induced EMT. A83-01 could inhibit the TGF-β-initiated pathway interactions and enhance HER2-cells response to trastuzumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyuan Wu
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Trinh Tran
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Sami Dwabe
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Marianna Sarkissyan
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Juri Kim
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Miguel Nava
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Sheilah Clayton
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Richard Pietras
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robin Farias-Eisner
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 East 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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55
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Hong OY, Noh EM, Jang HY, Lee YR, Lee BK, Jung SH, Kim JS, Youn HJ. Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via inactivation of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:441-446. [PMID: 28693189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, has potential as a treatment for a variety of diseases, including cancer. EGCG induces apoptosis and inhibits tumorigenesis through multiple signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. β-catenin signaling modulators could be useful in the prevention and therapy of breast cancer. However, the precise anticancer effect of EGCG through the β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer is unclear. The present study investigated the association between β-catenin expression and clinicopathological factors of breast cancer patients, and the effect of EGCG on β-catenin expression in breast cancer cells. β-catenin expression was analyzed according to the clinicopathological factors of 74 patients with breast cancer. All patients were females diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. Western blot analysis revealed that β-catenin was expressed at higher levels in breast cancer tissue than in normal tissue. β-catenin expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.04), tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.03) and estrogen receptor status (P<0.01). EGCG decreased MDA-MB-231 cell viability and significantly downregulated the expression of β-catenin, phosphorylated Akt and cyclin D1. Remarkably, additive effects of LY294002 and wortmannin, two phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitors, were observed. The present results suggest that EGCG inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells through the inactivation of the β-catenin signaling pathway. Based on these promising results, EGCG may be a potential treatment for triple negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- On-Yu Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Noh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Biomaterials Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rae Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Biomaterials Implant, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kil Lee
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Jung
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jo Youn
- Department of Surgery, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
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Bhuvanalakshmi G, Basappa, Rangappa KS, Dharmarajan A, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Warrier S. Breast Cancer Stem-Like Cells Are Inhibited by Diosgenin, a Steroidal Saponin, by the Attenuation of the Wnt β-Catenin Signaling via the Wnt Antagonist Secreted Frizzled Related Protein-4. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:124. [PMID: 28373842 PMCID: PMC5357646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identification of breast cancer stem cells as the chemo-resistant and tumor-initiating population represents an important milestone in approaching anticancer therapies. Targeting this minor subpopulation of chemo- and radio-resistant stem-like cells, termed as the cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their eradication could significantly enhance clinical outcomes. Most of the presently administered chemotherapeutics target the tumor bulk but are ineffective against the CSCs. We report here that diosgenin (DG), a naturally occurring steroidal saponin, could effectively inhibit CSCs from three breast cancer cell lines, MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231, by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the CSC associated phenotypes. Methods: CSCs were enriched in these cells lines, characterized for CSC traits by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Proliferation and apoptosis assays were performed in these breast CSCs in the presence of DG to obtain the inhibitory concentration. Apoptosis was confirmed with gene expression analysis, Western blotting and propidium iodide staining. TCF-LEF reporter assay, sFRP overexpression and RNAi silencing studies were performed to study regulation of the Wnt pathway. Statistical significance was evaluated by a two-sided Student’s t-test. Results: Using the TCF-LEF reporter system, we show the effect of DG on CSCs is predominantly through the network regulating CSC self renewal, the Wnt β-catenin pathway. Specifically, the Wnt antagonist, the secreted frizzled related protein 4, (sFRP4), had a defining role in the action of DG. Gain-of-function of sFRP4 in CSCs could improve the response to DG wherein CSC mediators were inhibited, β-catenin was down regulated and the effectors of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and pro-invasive markers were repressed. Conversely, the loss-of-function of sFRP4 had a reverse effect on the CSC population which therein became enriched, their response to DG treatment was modest, β-catenin levels increased, GSK3β expression decreased and the expression of epithelial markers of CSC was completely abrogated. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the effect of DG on inhibiting the resilient breast CSCs which could provide a benchmark for the development of DG-based therapies in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bhuvanalakshmi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Bangalore, India
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University Bangalore, India
| | | | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, PerthWA, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, PerthWA, Australia; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health SystemSingapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, DentonTX, USA; Manipal School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal UniversityBangalore, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal UniversityBangalore, India; Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, PerthWA, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, PerthWA, Australia
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Azad AKM, Lawen A, Keith JM. Bayesian model of signal rewiring reveals mechanisms of gene dysregulation in acquired drug resistance in breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173331. [PMID: 28288164 PMCID: PMC5348014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors, such as lapatinib, are effective against breast cancer in clinical trials, but tumor cells ultimately acquire resistance to the drug. Maintaining sensitization to drug action is essential for durable growth inhibition. Recently, adaptive reprogramming of signaling circuitry has been identified as a major cause of acquired resistance. We developed a computational framework using a Bayesian statistical approach to model signal rewiring in acquired resistance. We used the p1-model to infer potential aberrant gene-pairs with differential posterior probabilities of appearing in resistant-vs-parental networks. Results were obtained using matched gene expression profiles under resistant and parental conditions. Using two lapatinib-treated ErbB2-positive breast cancer cell-lines: SKBR3 and BT474, our method identified similar dysregulated signaling pathways including EGFR-related pathways as well as other receptor-related pathways, many of which were reported previously as compensatory pathways of EGFR-inhibition via signaling cross-talk. A manual literature survey provided strong evidence that aberrant signaling activities in dysregulated pathways are closely related to acquired resistance in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our approach predicted literature-supported dysregulated pathways complementary to both node-centric (SPIA, DAVID, and GATHER) and edge-centric (ESEA and PAGI) methods. Moreover, by proposing a novel pattern of aberrant signaling called V-structures, we observed that genes were dysregulated in resistant-vs-sensitive conditions when they were involved in the switch of dependencies from targeted to bypass signaling events. A literature survey of some important V-structures suggested they play a role in breast cancer metastasis and/or acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, where the mRNA changes of TGFBR2, LEF1 and TP53 in resistant-vs-sensitive conditions were related to the dependency switch from targeted to bypass signaling links. Our results suggest many signaling pathway structures are compromised in acquired resistance, and V-structures of aberrant signaling within/among those pathways may provide further insights into the bypass mechanism of targeted inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Azad
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Keith
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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de Bessa Garcia SA, Pavanelli AC, Cruz E Melo N, Nagai MA. Prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR4) expression modulates WNT signaling pathways in MCF7 breast cancer cells: A possible mechanism underlying PAR4-mediated docetaxel chemosensitivity. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:809-818. [PMID: 28259909 PMCID: PMC5360433 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel is an effective drug for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, the exact mechanisms and/or markers associated with chemosensitivity or resistance to docetaxel remain unclear. We previously showed that the expression of prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR4) inhibits the growth of MCF7 breast cancer cells and increases their sensitivity to docetaxel. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we evaluated transcriptome changes in MCF7 cells expressing increased levels of PAR4 and control cells before and after docetaxel treatment. Some of the top gene networks generated from the differentially expressed genes were related to the wingless‑type MMTV integration 1 (WNT) canonical (WNT/β-catenin) and non‑canonical (β‑catenin‑independent) pathways. The Human WNT signaling pathway RT2 profiler™ PCR array was used to validate the effects of PAR4 on the expression pattern of genes involved in the WNT pathway. CACNAD2A3, GDF5 and IL6 were upregulated and NANOG was downregulated in the MCF7 breast cancer cells expressing increased levels of PAR4 after treatment with docetaxel, likely indicating inactivation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Upregulation of FGF7, LEF1 and TWIST1 indicated activation of the WNT/β‑catenin pathway. Although preliminary, our findings could be of particular interest for understanding the action of PAR4 in chemosensitivity, particularly to increase the specificity and effectiveness of drug treatment and overcome resistance to chemotherapy. Further studies are needed to better understand the biological roles of PAR4 in the regulation of WNT pathways in breast cancer cells in response to docetaxel and other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Aparecida de Bessa Garcia
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246‑903, P.R. China
| | - Ana Carolina Pavanelli
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246‑903, P.R. China
| | - Natália Cruz E Melo
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246‑903, P.R. China
| | - Maria Aparecida Nagai
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246‑903, P.R. China
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Inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway improves the anti-tumor effects of sorafenib against hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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60
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Henry C, Llamosas E, Knipprath-Meszaros A, Schoetzau A, Obermann E, Fuenfschilling M, Caduff R, Fink D, Hacker N, Ward R, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Ford C. Targeting the ROR1 and ROR2 receptors in epithelial ovarian cancer inhibits cell migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40310-26. [PMID: 26515598 PMCID: PMC4741897 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In recent years, the Wnt signalling pathway has been implicated in epithelial ovarian cancer and its members have potential as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets. Here we investigated the role of two Wnt receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), ROR1 and ROR2, and their putative ligand, Wnt5a, in ovarian cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for ROR2 was performed in a large patient cohort, including benign controls, borderline tumours and epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition, siRNA was used to silence ROR1, ROR2 and Wnt5a individually, and together, in two ovarian cancer cell lines, and the effects on cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion were measured. RESULTS ROR2 expression is significantly increased in ovarian cancer patients compared to patients with benign disease. In vitro assays showed that silencing either receptor inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion, and concurrently silencing both receptors has an even stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS ROR2 expression is increased in epithelial ovarian cancer, and silencing ROR2 and its sister receptor ROR1 has a strong inhibitory effect on the ability of ovarian cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and invade through an extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Henry
- Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Estelle Llamosas
- Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Knipprath-Meszaros
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schoetzau
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Obermann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maya Fuenfschilling
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosemarie Caduff
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fink
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Neville Hacker
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robyn Ward
- Department of Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ford
- Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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van Zuylen WJ, Ford CE, Rawlinson WD. Comment on: Wnt5a inhibited human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo invasion: implications for early placentation and preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:1085-1086. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1203411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Henry CE, Llamosas E, Djordjevic A, Hacker NF, Ford CE. Migration and invasion is inhibited by silencing ROR1 and ROR2 in chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e226. [PMID: 27239958 PMCID: PMC4945749 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer survival remains poor despite recent advances in our understanding of genetic profiles. Unfortunately, the majority of ovarian cancer patients have recurrent disease after chemotherapy and lack other treatment options. Wnt signalling has been extensively implicated in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Therefore, we investigated the previously described Wnt receptors ROR1 and ROR2 as regulators of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a clinically relevant cell line model. The parental A2780- and cisplatin-resistant A2780-cis cell lines were used as a model of ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion were measured after transient overexpression of ROR1 and ROR2 in the parental A2780 cell line, and silencing of ROR1 and ROR2 in the A2780-cis cell line. Here we show that ROR1 and ROR2 expression is increased in A2780-cis cells, alongside β-catenin-independent Wnt targets. Knockdown of ROR1 and ROR2 significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion and simultaneous knockdown of ROR1 and ROR2 significantly sensitised cells to cisplatin, whilereas ROR overexpression in the parental cell line increased cell invasion. Therefore, ROR1 and ROR2 have the potential as novel drug targets in metastatic and recurrent ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Henry
- Adult Cancer Program, Level 2, Metastasis Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - E Llamosas
- Adult Cancer Program, Level 2, Metastasis Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Djordjevic
- Adult Cancer Program, Level 2, Metastasis Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N F Hacker
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C E Ford
- Adult Cancer Program, Level 2, Metastasis Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ren H, Du P, Ge Z, Jin Y, Ding D, Liu X, Zou Q. TWIST1 and BMI1 in Cancer Metastasis and Chemoresistance. J Cancer 2016; 7:1074-80. [PMID: 27326250 PMCID: PMC4911874 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increasing evidences revealed that cancer cells with the characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or cancer stem cells (CSC) have high ability of progression, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. TWIST1 and BMI1 are crucial transcription factors required for EMT and CSC. Both TWIST1 and BMI1 are up-regulated in various cancers and have a positive correlation with poor prognosis. Although recent results showed that the two molecules function in promoting cancer metastasis and chemoresistance respectively, the correlation of TWIST1 and BMI1 is not well understood. Methods In this review, we summarize recent advance in cancer research focus on TWIST1 and BMI1 in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance, and emphasize the possible link between EMT and CSC. Results Further investigation of TWIST1 and BMI1 cooperately promote CSC proliferation due to EMT-associated effect will help to understand the mechanism of tumor cells metastasis and chemoresistance. Conclusions TWIST1 and BMI1 in cancer cells will be effective targets for treating chemoresistant metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peizhun Du
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zongyu Ge
- 2. Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Jin
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Di Ding
- 3. Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- 4. Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Liu JD, Deng Q, Tian HH, Pang YT, Deng GL. Wnt/Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β/β-catenin Signaling Activation Mediated Sevoflurane Preconditioning-induced Cardioprotection. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2346-53. [PMID: 26315083 PMCID: PMC4733809 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.163375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sevoflurane preconditioning (SP) has been shown to invoke potent myocardial protection in animal studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanisms underlying SP are complex and not yet well understood. We investigated the hypothesis that the cardioprotection afforded by SP is mediated via the Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: Two models were established: A Langendorff perfused rat heart model and the H9C2 cell hypoxia/reoxygenation model. Both rats and H9C2 cells were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: S group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, DMSO group, IWP group, SP group, and SP + IWP group. Hemodynamic parameters, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in coronary effluent and cell culture supernatant, and the infarct size were measured to evaluate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries. To determine the activity of Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, the expressions of Wnt3a, phospho-GSK3β, and β-catenin were measured by Western blotting. Results: SP improved cardiac function recovery, reduced infarct size (18 ± 2% in the SP group compared with 35 ± 4% in the I/R group; P < 0.05), decreased LDH activity in coronary effluent, and culture supernatant. IWP-2, an inhibitor of Wnt, abolished the cardioprotection by SP. In addition, Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the expressions of Wnt3a, phospho-GSK3β, and β-catenin significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the I/R group, compared with the S group; and compared to I/R group, SP significantly (P < 0.05) increased Wnt3a, phospho-GSK3β, and β-catenin expressions. Pretreatment with IWP-2 significantly (P < 0.05) abolished SP-induced Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling activation. Conclusions: The results showed for the first time that cardioprotection afforded by SP may be mediated partly via the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Dong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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MicroRNA networks regulated by all-trans retinoic acid and Lapatinib control the growth, survival and motility of breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13176-200. [PMID: 25961594 PMCID: PMC4537007 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SKBR3-cells, characterized by ERBB2/RARA co-amplification, represent a subgroup of HER2+ breast-cancers sensitive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and Lapatinib. In this model, the two agents alone or in combination modulate the expression of 174 microRNAs (miRs). These miRs and predicted target-transcripts are organized in four interconnected modules (Module-1 to -4). Module-1 and Module-3 consist of ATRA/Lapatinib up-regulated and potentially anti-oncogenic miRs, while Module-2 contains ATRA/Lapatinib down-regulated and potentially pro-oncogenic miRs. Consistent with this, the expression levels of Module-1/-3 and Module-2 miRs are higher and lower, respectively, in normal mammary tissues relative to ductal-carcinoma-in-situ, invasive-ductal-carcinoma and metastases. This indicates associations between tumor-progression and the expression profiles of Module-1 to -3 miRs. Similar associations are observed with tumor proliferation-scores, staging, size and overall-survival using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data. Forced expression of Module-1 miRs, (miR-29a-3p; miR-874-3p) inhibit SKBR3-cell growth and Module-3 miRs (miR-575; miR-1225-5p) reduce growth and motility. Module-2 miRs (miR-125a; miR-193; miR-210) increase SKBR3 cell growth, survival and motility. Some of these effects are of general significance, being replicated in other breast cancer cell lines representing the heterogeneity of this disease. Finally, our study demonstrates that HIPK2-kinase and the PLCXD1-phospholipase-C are novel targets of miR-193a-5p/miR-210-3p and miR-575/miR-1225-5p, respectively.
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Wlochowitz D, Haubrock M, Arackal J, Bleckmann A, Wolff A, Beißbarth T, Wingender E, Gültas M. Computational Identification of Key Regulators in Two Different Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Front Genet 2016; 7:42. [PMID: 27092172 PMCID: PMC4820448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are gene regulatory proteins that are essential for an effective regulation of the transcriptional machinery. Today, it is known that their expression plays an important role in several types of cancer. Computational identification of key players in specific cancer cell lines is still an open challenge in cancer research. In this study, we present a systematic approach which combines colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, namely 1638N-T1 and CMT-93, and well-established computational methods in order to compare these cell lines on the level of transcriptional regulation as well as on a pathway level, i.e., the cancer cell-intrinsic pathway repertoire. For this purpose, we firstly applied the Trinity platform to detect signature genes, and then applied analyses of the geneXplain platform to these for detection of upstream transcriptional regulators and their regulatory networks. We created a CRC-specific position weight matrix (PWM) library based on the TRANSFAC database (release 2014.1) to minimize the rate of false predictions in the promoter analyses. Using our proposed workflow, we specifically focused on revealing the similarities and differences in transcriptional regulation between the two CRC cell lines, and report a number of well-known, cancer-associated TFs with significantly enriched binding sites in the promoter regions of the signature genes. We show that, although the signature genes of both cell lines show no overlap, they may still be regulated by common TFs in CRC. Based on our findings, we suggest that canonical Wnt signaling is activated in 1638N-T1, but inhibited in CMT-93 through cross-talks of Wnt signaling with the VDR signaling pathway and/or LXR-related pathways. Furthermore, our findings provide indication of several master regulators being present such as MLK3 and Mapk1 (ERK2) which might be important in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of 1638N-T1 and CMT-93, respectively. Taken together, we provide new insights into the invasive potential of these cell lines, which can be used for development of effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Wlochowitz
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Haubrock
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jetcy Arackal
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
AXIN2, an important regulator in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, takes part in regulating cell proliferation, cytometaplasia, migration, apoptosis and other important functions, has showed close relations with the development of liver cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and so on. The epigenetic regulation provides new insights for further exploring the pathogenesis of tumor. In this paper, the roles of AXIN2 in tumorigenesis, AXIN2 methylation, ubiquitination and siRNA/RNA regulation will be reviewed.
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SphK1 inhibitor SKI II inhibits the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells via the Wnt5A/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2016; 151:23-29. [PMID: 26944438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) promotes cell growth, proliferation and survival. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), which converts sphingosine to S1P, is a key promoter in cancer. We previously found that the SphK1 inhibitor II (SKI II), suppresses the cell growth and induces apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. However, the precise regulatory mechanism and signaling pathway on SKI II inhibiting tumor growth remains unknown. MAIN METHODS The expressions of β-catenin and related molecules of Wnt/β-catenin signal were detected by western blot in HepG2 cells. And the mRNA expression of β-catenin was detected by RT-PCR. The Wnt5A gene was silenced by siRNA. The colony formation was determined by staining with crystal violet. And the cell growth was examined by SRB assay and BrdU assay. KEY FINDINGS We found that SKI II decreased the expression of β-catenin and the downstream molecules of β-catenin signal pathway and promotes the β-catenin degradation. In addition, SKI II induced the expression of Wnt5A, and then triggered β-catenin degradation. Furthermore, silencing Wnt5A decreased the anti-tumor effects of SKI II through recovering the expressions of β-catenin and downstream molecules of β-catenin signal pathway. SIGNIFICANCE SKI II-induced downregulation of HepG2 cell proliferation was associated with Wnt signaling pathway through Wnt5A-mediated β-catenin degradation. Our study revealed that a novel signal pathway was involved in SKI II-inhibited cell proliferation in human hepatoma cells.
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Yang Z, Guo L, Liu D, Sun L, Chen H, Deng Q, Liu Y, Yu M, Ma Y, Guo N, Shi M. Acquisition of resistance to trastuzumab in gastric cancer cells is associated with activation of IL-6/STAT3/Jagged-1/Notch positive feedback loop. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5072-87. [PMID: 25669984 PMCID: PMC4467134 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate that prolonged treatment by trastuzumab induced resistance of NCI-N87 gastric cancer cells to trastuzumab. The resistant cells possessed typical characteristics of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)/cancer stem cells and acquired more invasive and metastatic potentials both in vitro and in vivo. Long term treatment with trastuzumab dramatically inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, but triggered the activation of STAT3. The level of IL-6 was remarkably increased, implicating that the release of IL-6 that drives the STAT3 activation initiates the survival signaling transition. Furthermore, the Notch activities were significantly enhanced in the resistant cells, companied by upregulation of the Notch ligand Jagged-1 and the Notch responsive genes Hey1 and Hey2. Inhibiting the endogenous Notch pathway reduced the IL-6 expression and restored the sensitivities of the resistant cells to trastuzumab. Blocking of the STAT3 signaling abrogated IL-6-induced Jagged-1 expression, effectively inhibited the growth of the trastuzumab resistant cells, and enhanced the anti-tumor activities of trastuzumab in the resistant cells. These findings implicate that the IL-6/STAT3/Jagged-1/Notch axis may be a useful target and that combination of the Notch or STAT3 inhibitors with trastuzumab may prevent or delay clinical resistance and improve the efficacy of trastuzumab in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Limin Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Que Deng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfang Ma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, P.R. China
| | - Ning Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ming Shi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Luqmani YA, Alam-Eldin N. Overcoming Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer: New Approaches to a Nagging Problem. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25 Suppl 2:28-40. [PMID: 26849149 PMCID: PMC5588530 DOI: 10.1159/000444451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the majority of women, breast cancer progresses through increased transcriptional activity due to over-expressed oestrogen receptors (ER). Therapeutic strategies include: (i) reduction of circulating ovarian oestrogens or of peripherally produced oestrogen (in postmenopausal women) with aromatase inhibitors and (ii) application of selective ER modulators for receptor blockade. The success of these interventions is limited by the variable but persistent onset of acquired resistance and by an intrinsic refractiveness which manifests despite adequate levels of ER in about 50% of patients with advanced metastatic disease. Loss of functional ER leads to endocrine insensitivity, loss of cellular adhesion and polarity, and increased migratory potential due to trans-differentiation of the epithelial cancer cells into a mesenchymal-like phenotype (epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EMT). Multiple mechanisms contributing to therapeutic failure have been proposed: (i) loss or modification of ER expression including epigenetic mechanisms, (ii) agonistic actions of selective ER modulators that may be enhanced through an increased expression of co-activators, (iii) attenuation of the tamoxifen metabolism through expression of genetic variants of P450 cytochromes which leads to more or less active metabolites and (iv) increased growth factor signalling particularly through epidermal growth factor receptor activation of pathways involving keratinocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and nuclear factor x03BA;B. In addition, the small non-coding microRNAs, recently recognized as critical gene regulators, exhibit differential expression in tamoxifen-sensitive versus resistant cell lines. Several studies suggest the potential of using these either as targets or as therapeutic agents to modulate EMT regulators as a means of reversing the aggressive metastatic phenotype by reversal of the EMT, with the added benefit of re-sensitization to anti-oestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus A. Luqmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Lu L, Pandey AK, Houseal MT, Mulligan MK. The Genetic Architecture of Murine Glutathione Transferases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148230. [PMID: 26829228 PMCID: PMC4734686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes play a protective role against oxidative stress and may influence disease risk and drug pharmacokinetics. In this study, massive multiscalar trait profiling across a large population of mice derived from a cross between C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA2/J (D2)—the BXD family—was combined with linkage and bioinformatic analyses to characterize mechanisms controlling GST expression and to identify downstream consequences of this variation. Similar to humans, mice show a wide range in expression of GST family members. Variation in the expression of Gsta4, Gstt2, Gstz1, Gsto1, and Mgst3 is modulated by local expression QTLs (eQTLs) in several tissues. Higher expression of Gsto1 in brain and liver of BXD strains is strongly associated (P < 0.01) with inheritance of the B6 parental allele whereas higher expression of Gsta4 and Mgst3 in brain and liver, and Gstt2 and Gstz1 in brain is strongly associated with inheritance of the D2 parental allele. Allele-specific assays confirmed that expression of Gsto1, Gsta4, and Mgst3 are modulated by sequence variants within or near each gene locus. We exploited this endogenous variation to identify coexpression networks and downstream targets in mouse and human. Through a combined systems genetics approach, we provide new insight into the biological role of naturally occurring variants in GST genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38106, United States of America
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, China
| | - Ashutosh K. Pandey
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38106, United States of America
| | - M. Trevor Houseal
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38106, United States of America
| | - Megan K. Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38106, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020013. [PMID: 26821054 PMCID: PMC4773769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and distant site metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cell progression, invasion, and metastasis. During the process of EMT, epithelial cancer cells acquire molecular alternations that facilitate the loss of epithelial features and gain of mesenchymal phenotype. Such transformation promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that EMT is associated with the increased enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and these CSCs display mesenchymal characteristics that are resistant to chemotherapy and target therapy. However, the clinical relevance of EMT in human cancer is still under debate. This review will provide an overview of current evidence of EMT from studies using clinical human breast cancer tissues and its associated challenges.
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Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown the presence of cancer stem cells in a wide spectrum of human cancers, which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate, thus leading to tumorigenesis, proliferation, cancer dissemination, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. Cancer cell plasticity allows tumor to invade and grow at primary or distant sites. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the most important mechanism of cancer cell plasticity and cancer stem cells. Substantial evidence has supported a noncoding RNA network, especially miRNA, in regulating cancer cell plasticity and cancer stem cell biology. Besides, lncRNA is also found to participate in cancer development. Understanding the mechanisms of these processes might be valuable for developing accurate targeted therapies to tackle cancer progression and cancer stem cells.
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Reconstruction of temporal activity of microRNAs from gene expression data in breast cancer cell line. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1077. [PMID: 26763900 PMCID: PMC4712512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate genes at the post-transcriptional level in spatiotemporal manner. Several miRNAs are identified as prognostic and diagnostic markers in many human cancers. Estimation of the temporal activities of the miRNAs is an important step in the way to understand the complex interactions of these important regulatory elements with transcription factors (TFs) and target genes (TGs). However, current research on miRNA activities excludes network dynamics from the studies, disregarding the important element of time in the regulatory network analysis. Results In the current study, we combined experimentally verified miRNA-TG interactions with breast cancer microarray TG expression data to identify key miRNAs and compute their temporal activity using network component analysis (NCA). The computed activities showed that miRNAs were regulated in a time dependent manner. Our results allowed constructing a synergistic network of miRNAs using the computed miRNA activities and their shared regulation of TGs. We further extended this network by incorporating miRNA-TG, miRNA-TF, TF-miRNA and TF-TG regulations in the context of breast cancer. Our integrated network identified several miRNAs known to be involved in breast cancer regulation and revealed several novel miRNAs. Our further analysis detected substantial involvement of the miRNAs miR-324, miR-93, miR-615 and miR-1 in breast cancer, which was not known previously. Next, combining our integrated networks with functional annotation of differentially expressed genes resulted in new sub-networks. These sub-networks allowed us to identify the key miRNAs and their interactions with TFs and TGs of several biological processes involved in breast cancer. The identified markers are validated for their potential as prognostic markers for breast cancer through survival analysis. Conclusions Our dynamical analysis of the miRNA interactions greatly helps to discover new network based markers, and is highly applicable (but not limited) to cancer research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2260-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Magee P, Shi L, Garofalo M. Role of microRNAs in chemoresistance. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:332. [PMID: 26734642 PMCID: PMC4690999 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.11.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of cancer patients. Resistance can develop after prolonged cycles of chemotherapy or can be present intrinsically in the patient. There is an emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in resistance to cancer treatments. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are evolutionarily conserved and also involved as regulators of gene expression through the silencing of mRNA targets. They are involved in many different cancer types and a plethora of mechanisms have been postulated for the roles that miRNAs play in the development of drug resistance. Hence, miRNA-based gene therapy may provide a novel approach for the future of cancer therapy. This review focuses on an overview of recent findings on the role of miRNAs in the resistance to chemotherapy in different tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Magee
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Lei Shi
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Michela Garofalo
- Transcriptional Networks in Lung Cancer Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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76
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Davalieva K, Kostovska IM, Kiprijanovska S, Markoska K, Kubelka-Sabit K, Filipovski V, Stavridis S, Stankov O, Komina S, Petrusevska G, Polenakovic M. Proteomics analysis of malignant and benign prostate tissue by 2D DIGE/MS reveals new insights into proteins involved in prostate cancer. Prostate 2015; 75:1586-600. [PMID: 26074449 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key to a more effective diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of prostate cancer (PCa) could lie in the direct analysis of cancer tissue. In this study, by comparative proteomics analysis of PCa and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissues we attempted to elucidate the proteins and regulatory pathways involved in this disease. METHODS The samples used in this study were fresh surgical tissues with clinically and histologically confirmed PCa (n = 19) and BPH (n = 33). We used two dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Thirty-nine spots with statistically significant 1.8-fold variation or more in abundance, corresponding to 28 proteins were identified. The IPA analysis pointed out to 3 possible networks regulated within MAPK, ERK, TGFB1, and ubiquitin pathways. Thirteen of the identified proteins, namely, constituents of the intermediate filaments (KRT8, KRT18, DES), potential tumor suppressors (ARHGAP1, AZGP1, GSTM2, and MFAP4), transport and membrane organization proteins (FABP5, GC, and EHD2), chaperons (FKBP4 and HSPD1) and known cancer marker (NME1) have been associated with prostate and other cancers by numerous proteomics, genomics or functional studies. We evidenced for the first time the dysregulation of 9 proteins (CSNK1A1, ARID5B, LYPLA1, PSMB6, RABEP1, TALDO1, UBE2N, PPP1CB, and SERPINB1) that may have role in PCa. The UBE2N, PSMB6, and PPP1CB, involved in cell cycle regulation and progression were evaluated by Western blot analysis which confirmed significantly higher abundances of UBE2N and PSMB6 and significantly lower abundance of PPP1CB in PCa. CONCLUSION In addition to the identification of substantial number of proteins with known association with PCa, the proteomic approach in this study revealed proteins not previously clearly related to PCa, providing a starting point for further elucidation of their function in disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Davalieva
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ivana Maleva Kostovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Sanja Kiprijanovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Katerina Markoska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Katerina Kubelka-Sabit
- Labaratory for Histopathology, Clinical Hospital "Sistina", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vanja Filipovski
- Labaratory for Histopathology, Clinical Hospital "Sistina", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Sotir Stavridis
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Oliver Stankov
- University Clinic for Urology, University Clinical Centre "Mother Theresa", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Selim Komina
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Gordana Petrusevska
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University "St. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Momir Polenakovic
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D Efremov", Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in the majority of breast cancer and across the three main breast cancer subtypes. Historically, the oncogenic role of AR has best been described in molecular apocrine breast cancers, an estrogen receptor (ER)-/AR+ subtype which has a steroid response signature similar to that in the ER-positive breast cancer. The signalling effect of AR is likely to be different across breast cancer subtypes, and particularly important is its interaction with ER signalling. Despite the high frequency of AR expression in breast cancer, it is still not a standard clinical practice to use AR antagonists as therapy. Older trials of AR-directed therapies in breast cancer have had generally been disappointing. More recently, more potent, next-generation, AR-directed therapies have been developed in the context of prostate cancer. Here, we will review the emerging literature dissecting the role of AR signalling in a context-dependent manner in breast cancer and the renewed interest and wave of clinical trials targeting the AR in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeeMing Chia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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78
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McBryan J, Fagan A, McCartan D, Bane FT, Varešlija D, Cocchiglia S, Byrne C, Bolger J, McIlroy M, Hudson L, Tibbitts P, Ó Gaora P, Hill AD, Young LS. Transcriptomic Profiling of Sequential Tumors from Breast Cancer Patients Provides a Global View of Metastatic Expression Changes Following Endocrine Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5371-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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79
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Huang J, Li H, Ren G. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and drug resistance in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26202679 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Insensitivity of tumor cells to drug therapies is an essential reason arousing such high mortality. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is defined by the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. It is well known that EMT plays an important role in breast cancer progression. Recently, mounting evidence has demonstrated involvement of EMT in antagonizing chemotherapy in breast cancer. Here, we discuss the biological significance and clinical implications of these findings, with an emphasis on novel approaches that effectively target EMT to increase the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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80
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The emerging role of the transcriptional coregulator RIP140 in solid tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:144-50. [PMID: 26116758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator (also known as NRIP1) which plays very important physiological roles by finely tuning the activity of a large number of transcription factors. Noticeably, the RIP140 gene has been shown to be involved in the regulation of energy expenditure, in mammary gland development and intestinal homeostasis as well as in behavior and cognition. RIP140 is also involved in the regulation of various oncogenic signaling pathways and participates in the development and progression of solid tumors. This short review aims to summarize the role of this transcription factor on nuclear estrogen receptors, E2F and Wnt signaling pathways based on recent observations focusing on breast, ovary, liver and colon tumors.
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81
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Gu X, Wang Y, Wang H, Ni Q, Zhang C, Zhu J, Huang W, Xu P, Mao G, Yang S. Upregulated PFTK1 promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in breast cancer. Med Oncol 2015; 32:195. [PMID: 26033031 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PFTK1 was a cell division cycle 2-related serine/threonine protein kinase, which was up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer lines. And up-regulated PFTK1 was highly associated with grade, axillary lymph node status, and Ki-67. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curve showed that up-regulated PFTK1 was related to the poor breast carcinoma patients' overall survival. Here, we first discovered and confirmed that cyclin B was a new interacting protein of PFTK1, and the complex might increase the amount of DVL2, which triggers Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, knockdown of PFTK1 attenuated cell proliferation, anchorage-independent cell growth, and cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the transcriptional activation of β-catenin for cyclin D1, MMP9, and HEF1, whereas exogenous expression of PFTK1 might promote MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation, migration, and invasion via promoting PFTK1-DVL2-β-catenin axis. Our findings supported the notion that up-regulated PFTK1 might promote breast cancer progression and metastasis by activating Wnt signaling pathway through the PFTK1-DVL2-β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
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82
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GOVINDAN SINDHUVALIYAVEEDAN, KULSUM SAFEENA, PANDIAN RAMANANSOMASUNDARA, DAS DEBASHISH, SESHADRI MUKUND, HICKS WESLEY, KURIAKOSE MONIABRAHAM, SURESH AMRITHA. Establishment and characterization of triple drug resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3025-32. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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83
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Azad AKM, Lawen A, Keith JM. Prediction of signaling cross-talks contributing to acquired drug resistance in breast cancer cells by Bayesian statistical modeling. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:2. [PMID: 25599599 PMCID: PMC4307189 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-014-0135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial success of inhibitors targeting oncogenes is often followed by tumor relapse due to acquired resistance. In addition to mutations in targeted oncogenes, signaling cross-talks among pathways play a vital role in such drug inefficacy. These include activation of compensatory pathways and altered activities of key effectors in other cell survival and growth-associated pathways. RESULTS We propose a computational framework using Bayesian modeling to systematically characterize potential cross-talks among breast cancer signaling pathways. We employed a fully Bayesian approach known as the p 1-model to infer posterior probabilities of gene-pairs in networks derived from the gene expression datasets of ErbB2-positive breast cancer cell-lines (parental, lapatinib-sensitive cell-line SKBR3 and the lapatinib-resistant cell-line SKBR3-R, derived from SKBR3). Using this computational framework, we searched for cross-talks between EGFR/ErbB and other signaling pathways from Reactome, KEGG and WikiPathway databases that contribute to lapatinib resistance. We identified 104, 188 and 299 gene-pairs as putative drug-resistant cross-talks, respectively, each comprised of a gene in the EGFR/ErbB signaling pathway and a gene from another signaling pathway, that appear to be interacting in resistant cells but not in parental cells. In 168 of these (distinct) gene-pairs, both of the interacting partners are up-regulated in resistant conditions relative to parental conditions. These gene-pairs are prime candidates for novel cross-talks contributing to lapatinib resistance. They associate EGFR/ErbB signaling with six other signaling pathways: Notch, Wnt, GPCR, hedgehog, insulin receptor/IGF1R and TGF- β receptor signaling. We conducted a literature survey to validate these cross-talks, and found evidence supporting a role for many of them in contributing to drug resistance. We also analyzed an independent study of lapatinib resistance in the BT474 breast cancer cell-line and found the same signaling pathways making cross-talks with the EGFR/ErbB signaling pathway as in the primary dataset. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the activation of compensatory pathways can potentially cause up-regulation of EGFR/ErbB pathway genes (counteracting the inhibiting effect of lapatinib) via signaling cross-talk. Thus, the up-regulated members of these compensatory pathways along with the members of the EGFR/ErbB signaling pathway are interesting as potential targets for designing novel anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Azad
- School of Mathematical Science, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M Keith
- School of Mathematical Science, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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84
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Kamdje AHN, Etet PFS, Vecchio L, Tagne RS, Amvene JM, Muller JM, Krampera M, Lukong KE. New targeted therapies for breast cancer: A focus on tumor microenvironmental signals and chemoresistant breast cancers. World J Clin Cases 2014; 2:769-86. [PMID: 25516852 PMCID: PMC4266825 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent female malignancy worldwide. Current strategies in breast cancer therapy, including classical chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies, are usually associated with chemoresistance and serious adverse effects. Advances in our understanding of changes affecting the interactome in advanced and chemoresistant breast tumors have provided novel therapeutic targets, including, cyclin dependent kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, Notch, Wnt and Shh. Inhibitors of these molecules recently entered clinical trials in mono- and combination therapy in metastatic and chemo-resistant breast cancers. Anticancer epigenetic drugs, mainly histone deacetylase inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, also entered clinical trials. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer, the future in therapy lies in the application of individualized tailored regimens. Emerging therapeutic targets and the implications for personalized-based therapy development in breast cancer are herein discussed.
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85
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Zhong S, Ma T, Zhang X, Lv M, Chen L, Tang J, Zhao J. MicroRNA expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis of dysregulated microRNAs in vinorelbine-resistant breast cancer cells. Gene 2014; 556:113-8. [PMID: 25445394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vinorelbine (NVB) is one of the most active cytotoxic agents in breast cancer, especially metastatic breast cancer. However, breast cancer patients who are treated with the drug often develop resistance to it and some other drugs. Recently studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in drug resistance. In present study, miRNA expression profiles of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231/S and its NVB-resistant variant MDA-MB-231/NVB cells were analyzed using microarray and the results were confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out to predict gene targets of the dysregulated miRNAs and to analyze their potential roles in the development of drug resistance. Here, 123 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the resistant subline compared to MDA-MB-231/S. Networks of KEGG pathways, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) of 17 specific selected dysregulated miRNAs were constructed. The results showed that MAPK, mTOR, Wnt, and TGF-beta signaling pathways and several target genes such as CCND1, GRB2 and NT5E may associate with drug resistance of breast cancer cells to NVB. In summary, this study demonstrates that altered miRNA expression pattern is involved in acquiring resistance to NVB in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. All these analysis results provided us a comprehensive view of the function of differential expression miRNAs related to drug resistance of breast cancer and may be helpful for the further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mengmeng Lv
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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86
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Fan C, Jiang G, Zhang X, Miao Y, Lin X, Luan L, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Liu D, Wang E. Zbed3 contributes to malignant phenotype of lung cancer via regulating β-catenin and P120-catenin 1. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54 Suppl 1:E138-47. [PMID: 25263389 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuifeng Fan
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Yuan Miao
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xuyong Lin
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Zhonghai Xu
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology; First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University; Shenyang China
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang China
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Expression of the novel Wnt receptor ROR2 is increased in breast cancer and may regulate both β-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signalling. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:243-54. [PMID: 25209439 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wnt signalling has been implicated in breast cancer, and in particular aberrant β-catenin-independent Wnt signalling has been associated with breast cancer metastasis and Tamoxifen resistance. Despite Wnt pathway involvement in many human cancers, attempts to target the pathway therapeutically have been disappointing. The recent discovery that the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) is a novel Wnt receptor provides a potential new therapeutic and diagnostic target. METHODS To clarify the role of ROR2 in breast cancer, we investigated its expression via ROR2 immunohistochemistry in a clinical cohort of breast cancer patients, and via in vitro studies incorporating both overexpression and knock-down of ROR2. RESULTS ROR2 was expressed in the majority of breast cancer patients (87%), including those classed as triple negative. Breast cancer patients expressing ROR2 had a significantly shorter overall survival than those lacking ROR2 expression (P < 0.05). Overexpression of ROR2 in the mammary epithelial cell line, MCF10A, increased both β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent targets and decreased cell adhesion. Knock-down of ROR2 in the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-453 and HCC1143, decreased both β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent targets and increased cell adhesion. Treatment of ROR2-expressing breast cancer cells with the novel berberine derivative, NAX53, significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report the expression of ROR2 in breast cancer. Breast cancer patients expressing ROR2 had a significantly worse prognosis than those lacking ROR2. ROR2 may regulate both β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent Wnt signalling pathways, and represents a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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88
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CCNB1 is a prognostic biomarker for ER+ breast cancer. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:359-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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89
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Chen WX, Cai YQ, Lv MM, Chen L, Zhong SL, Ma TF, Zhao JH, Tang JH. Exosomes from docetaxel-resistant breast cancer cells alter chemosensitivity by delivering microRNAs. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9649-59. [PMID: 24969560 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) remains chemo-unresponsive by inevitable progression of resistance to first-line treatment with docetaxel (doc). Emerging studies indicate that exosomes act as mediators of intercellular communication between heterogeneous populations of tumor cells, engendering a transmitted drug resistance for cancer development. Such modulatory effects have been related to the constant shuttle of biologically active molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we aimed to investigate the relevance of exosome-mediated miRNA delivery in resistance transmission of BCa subpopulations. Using microarray and polymerase chain reaction, we found that exosomes from doc-resistant BCa cells (D/exo) loaded cellular miRNAs. Following D/exo transfer to the fluorescent sensitive cells (GFP-S), some miRNAs were significantly increased in recipient GFP-S. Target gene prediction and pathway analysis revealed the involvement of the top 20 most abundant miRNAs of D/exo in pathways implicated in therapy failure. Coculture assays showed that miRNA-containing D/exo increased the overall resistance of GFP-S to doc exposure. Moreover, D/exo was able to alter gene expression in GFP-S. Our results open up an intriguing possibility that drug-resistant BCa cells may spread chemoresistance to sensitive ones by releasing exosomes and that the effects could be partly attributed to the intercellular transfer of specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xian Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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90
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91
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Viedma-Rodríguez R, Baiza-Gutman L, Salamanca-Gómez F, Diaz-Zaragoza M, Martínez-Hernández G, Ruiz Esparza-Garrido R, Velázquez-Flores MA, Arenas-Aranda D. Mechanisms associated with resistance to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (review). Oncol Rep 2014; 32:3-15. [PMID: 24841429 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen are widely used in the clinic to treat estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. Patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer initially respond to treatment with anti-hormonal agents such as tamoxifen, but remissions are often followed by the acquisition of resistance and, ultimately, disease relapse. The development of a rationale for the effective treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer requires an understanding of the complex signal transduction mechanisms. In the present study, we explored some mechanisms associated with resistance to tamoxifen, such as pharmacologic mechanisms, loss or modification in estrogen receptor expression, alterations in co-regulatory proteins and the regulation of the different signaling pathways that participate in different cellular processes such as survival, proliferation, stress, cell cycle, inhibition of apoptosis regulated by the Bcl-2 family, autophagy, altered expression of microRNA, and signaling pathways that regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tumor microenvironment. Delineation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of resistance may aid in the development of treatment strategies to enhance response and compromise resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí Viedma-Rodríguez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center Century XXI (CMN-SXXI), Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Baiza-Gutman
- Unit of Morphology and Function, Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Los Reyes Iztacala, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fabio Salamanca-Gómez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center Century XXI (CMN-SXXI), Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guadalupe Martínez-Hernández
- Unit of Morphology and Function, Faculty of Higher Studies (FES) Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Los Reyes Iztacala, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ruth Ruiz Esparza-Garrido
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center Century XXI (CMN-SXXI), Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Velázquez-Flores
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center Century XXI (CMN-SXXI), Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Arenas-Aranda
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Medical Research Unit in Human Genetics, Pediatric Hospital, National Medical Center Century XXI (CMN-SXXI), Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
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92
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Li S, Li S, Sun Y, Li L. The expression of β-catenin in different subtypes of breast cancer and its clinical significance. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7693-8. [PMID: 24801904 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1975-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is implicated in mammary oncogenesis. Reports of β-catenin expression and its association with outcome in breast cancer are controversial. This study was performed to address the distribution of β-catenin expression in invasive breast cancer and the correlation between β-catenin expression and survival of breast cancer patients, and to determine whether β-catenin was specifically activated in any molecular subtypes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a tissue microarray containing 169 invasive breast cancers to detect expression of β-catenin. One hundred thirty one of the 169 patients were followed up. Correlation between β-catenin expression and different molecular subtypes was determined using chi-square analysis. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test. The invasive breast cancer displayed the different patterns of β-catenin expression from normal tissues with significantly increased cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of β-catenin. Aberrant β-catenin expression was observed in 109 in the 169 cases (64.50 %), and there was no difference in β-catenin expression in the four molecular subtypes. Furthermore, aberrant β-catenin expression was significantly associated with adverse outcome not only in the entire cohort but also in each of the different molecular subtypes. β-catenin activation is preferentially found and is associated with a poor clinical outcome in invasive breast cancer independent of molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, 250012, Jinan, China
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93
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CCNA2 is a prognostic biomarker for ER+ breast cancer and tamoxifen resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91771. [PMID: 24622579 PMCID: PMC3951414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of effective prognostic biomarkers and targets are of crucial importance to the management of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. CCNA2 (also known as CyclinA2) belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family and is significantly overexpressed in various cancer types. In this study, we demonstrated that CCNA2 had significant predictive power in distant metastasis free survival, disease free survival, recurrence free survival and overall survival of ER+ breast cancer patients. We also found that CCNA2 was closely associated with tamoxifen resistance. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that its expression was positively associated with genes overexpressed in endocrine therapy resistant samples. Finally, though CCNA2-Drug interaction network, we demonstrated the interactions between CCNA2 and several available cancer drugs. Overall, we suggest that CCNA2 is a biomarker for the prognosis of ER+ breast cancer and monitoring of tamoxifen efficacy. It's also a promising target for developing new strategies to prevent or even reverse tamoxifen resistance. Moreover, CCNA2 expression may help monitoring tamoxifen efficacy and directing personalized therapies. Nevertheless, in vivo and in vitro experiments and multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed before its application in clinical settings.
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94
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Król M, Mucha J, Majchrzak K, Homa A, Bulkowska M, Majewska A, Gajewska M, Pietrzak M, Perszko M, Romanowska K, Pawłowski K, Manuali E, Hellmen E, Motyl T. Macrophages mediate a switch between canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in canine mammary tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83995. [PMID: 24404146 PMCID: PMC3880277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective According to the current hypothesis, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are “corrupted” by cancer cells and subsequently facilitate, rather than inhibit, tumor metastasis. Because the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell–TAM interactions are complicated and controversial we aimed to better define this phenomenon. Methods and Results Using microRNA microarrays, Real-time qPCR and Western blot we showed that co-culture of canine mammary tumor cells with TAMs or treatment with macrophage-conditioned medium inhibited the canonical Wnt pathway and activated the non-canonical Wnt pathway in tumor cells. We also showed that co-culture of TAMs with tumor cells increased expression of canonical Wnt inhibitors in TAMs. Subsequently, we demonstrated macrophage-induced invasive growth patterns and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of tumor cells. Validation of these results in canine mammary carcinoma tissues (n = 50) and xenograft tumors indicated the activation of non-canonical and canonical Wnt pathways in metastatic tumors and non-metastatic malignancies, respectively. Activation of non-canonical Wnt pathway correlated with number of TAMs. Conclusions We demonstrated that TAMs mediate a “switch” between canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in canine mammary tumors, leading to increased tumor invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, similar changes in neoplastic cells were observed in the presence of macrophage-conditioned medium or live macrophages. These observations indicate that rather than being “corrupted” by cancer cells, TAMs constitutively secrete canonical Wnt inhibitors that decrease tumor proliferation and development, but as a side effect, they induce the non-canonical Wnt pathway, which leads to tumor metastasis. These data challenge the conventional understanding of TAM–cancer cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Majchrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Homa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bulkowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Pietrzak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Perszko
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Romanowska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Pawłowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Area Diagnostica Integrata Istologia e Microscopia Elettronica Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Hellmen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Motyl
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Lapierre M, Docquier A, Castet-Nicolas A, Jalaguier S, Teyssier C, Augereau P, Cavaillès V. Dialogue between estrogen receptor and E2F signaling pathways: The transcriptional coregulator RIP140 at the crossroads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.410a3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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