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Zhang Y, Wang C, Pan W, Zheng J, Gao J, Huang X, Cai S, Zhai Y, Latour JM, Zhu C. Stress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies of Frontline Nurses During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:565520. [PMID: 33192686 PMCID: PMC7649755 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nurses at the frontline of caring for COVID-19 patients might experience mental health challenges and supportive coping strategies are needed to reduce their stress and burnout. The aim of this study was to identify stressors and burnout among frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan and Shanghai and to explore perceived effective morale support strategies. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2020 among 110 nurses from Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, who were deployed at COVID-19 units in Wuhan and Shanghai. A COVID-19 questionnaire was adapted from the previous developed "psychological impacts of SARS" questionnaire and included stressors (31 items), coping strategies (17 items), and effective support measures (16 items). Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: Totally, 107 (97%) nurses responded. Participants mean age was 30.28 years and 90.7% were females. Homesickness was most frequently reported as a stressor (96.3%). Seven of the 17 items related to coping strategies were undertaken by all participants. Burnout was observed in the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization subscales, with 78.5 and 92.5% of participants presenting mild levels of burnout, respectively. However, 52 (48.6%) participants experienced a severe lack of personal accomplishment. Participants with longer working hours in COVID-19 quarantine units presented higher emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.72, 95% CI 0.02-5.42; p = 0.049) and depersonalization (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.10-2.19; p = 0.033). Participants with younger age experienced higher emotional exhaustion (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 0.11-5.82; p = 0.042) and less personal accomplishment (OR = 3.80, 95% CI 0.47-7.13; p = 0.033). Conclusions: Nurses in this study experienced considerable stress and the most frequently reported stressors were related to families. Nurses who were younger and those working longer shift-time tended to present higher burnout levels. Psychological support strategies need to be organized and implemented to improve mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Pan
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jili Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shining Cai
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jos M. Latour
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Chouwen Zhu
- Department of Hospital Administration, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dorman-Ilan S, Hertz-Palmor N, Brand-Gothelf A, Hasson-Ohayon I, Matalon N, Gross R, Chen W, Abramovich A, Afek A, Ziv A, Kreiss Y, Pessach IM, Gothelf D. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in COVID-19 Isolated Patients and in Their Relatives. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:581598. [PMID: 33192727 PMCID: PMC7591814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.581598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While focusing on the management and care of COVID-19 patients, the mental health of these patients and their relatives is being overlooked. The aim of the current study was to measure anxiety and depression, and to assess their association with socio-demographic and pandemic-related stress factors in COVID-19 patients and their relatives during the initial stage of hospitalization. Methods: We assessed isolated hospitalized patients (N = 90) and their relatives (adults and children, N = 125) by phone, 25-72 h following patients' admission. The quantitative measures included the Anxiety and Depression modules of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and pandemic-related stress factors. Qualitative measures included questions exploring worries, sadness, and coping modes. Results: Both patients and relatives suffer from high levels of anxiety and related pandemic worries, with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Compared to adult relatives, child relatives reported significantly lower anxiety. The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed an increased risk for anxiety among females and a decreased risk among ultra-orthodox participants. While increased anxiety among patients was associated with feelings of isolation, increased anxiety among relatives was associated with a feeling of not being protected by the hospital. Conclusions: Patients and relatives experience similar high anxiety levels which are more robust in women and lower in ultra-orthodox participants. Our findings indicate that anxiety symptoms of both patients and adult relatives should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noam Matalon
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raz Gross
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Wendy Chen
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Arnon Afek
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amitai Ziv
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai M. Pessach
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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53
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Mosheva M, Hertz‐Palmor N, Dorman Ilan S, Matalon N, Pessach IM, Afek A, Ziv A, Kreiss Y, Gross R, Gothelf D. Anxiety, pandemic-related stress and resilience among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:965-971. [PMID: 32789945 PMCID: PMC7436709 DOI: 10.1002/da.23085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians play a crucial frontline role in the COVID-19 pandemic, which may involve high levels of anxiety. We aimed to investigate the association between pandemic-related stress factors (PRSF) and anxiety and to evaluate the potential effect of resilience on anxiety among physicians. METHODS A self-report digital survey was completed by 1106 Israeli physicians (564 males and 542 females) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Anxiety was measured by the 8-item version of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Resilience was evaluated by the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Stress was assessed using a PRSF inventory. RESULTS Physicians reported high levels of anxiety with a mean score of 59.20 ± 7.95. We found an inverse association between resilience and anxiety. Four salient PRSF (mental exhaustion, anxiety about being infected, anxiety infecting family members, and sleep difficulties) positively associated with anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified specific PRSF including workload burden and fear of infection that are associated with increased anxiety and resilience that is associated with reduced anxiety among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Mosheva
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | | | | | - Itai M. Pessach
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Amitai Ziv
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yitshak Kreiss
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Raz Gross
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Sheba Medical CenterTel HashomerIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Association among income loss, financial strain and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: evidence from two longitudinal studies. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32995812 PMCID: PMC7523151 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.15.20195339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has major ramifications for global health and the economy, with growing concerns about economic recession and implications for mental health. Here we investigated the associations between COVID-19 pandemic-related income loss with financial strain and mental health trajectories over a 1-month course. Methods. Two independent studies were conducted in the U.S and in Israel at the beginning of the outbreak (March-April 2020, T1; N = 4 171) and at a 1-month follow-up (T2; N = 1 559). Mixed-effects models were applied to assess associations among COVID-19-related income loss, financial strain, and pandemic-related worries about health, with anxiety and depression, controlling for multiple covariates including pre-COVID-19 income. Findings. In both studies, income loss and financial strain were associated with greater depressive symptoms at T1, above and beyond T1 anxiety, worries about health, and pre-COVID-19 income. Worsening of income loss was associated with exacerbation of depression at T2 in both studies. Worsening of subjective financial strain was associated with exacerbation of depression at T2 in one study (US). Interpretation. Income loss and financial strain were uniquely associated with depressive symptoms and the exacerbation of symptoms over time, above and beyond pandemic-related anxiety. Considering the painful dilemma of lockdown versus reopening, with the tradeoff between public health and economic wellbeing, our findings provide evidence that the economic impact of COVID-19 has negative implications for mental health. Funding. This study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Foundation Dora and Kirsh Foundation.
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Responding to the Psychological Needs of Health Workers During Pandemic: Ten Lessons From Humanitarian Work. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 16:734-740. [PMID: 32907680 PMCID: PMC7737122 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
When a complex emergency (CE) overwhelms infrastructure, the ability of health-care providers to work efficiently under duress saves lives. The author uses her experience of providing mental health supports to humanitarian aid workers and the pieces of training conducted for internal medicine practitioners to offer guidance on how to manage severe job-related stresses during the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This work reminds responders about their professional mission and purpose, but its extreme physical and mental demands can take a toll on their well-being and health. In CEs, the sheer volume of work and the emotional over-engagement tend to produce toxic fantasies (eg, rescuer or helper fantasies), acting upon which threatens integrity of care and increases risks for both patients and providers. Accumulated fatigue and exposure to mass suffering and mortality can change the perceived value of life and increase reckless, risk-taking, and suicidal behaviors. Introducing a self-awareness framework prioritizes the awareness of the available choices and making situation-appropriate and informed decisions about balancing one's own and others' needs. The COVID-19 response has demonstrated that fostering peer supports, changing organizational culture, addressing self-awareness within a training and supervisory context, and strengthening supports for managers are important parts of disaster preparedness. It also revealed that more research is needed to better understand and meet the special psychological needs of health-care responders.
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56
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Philip J, Cherian V. Factors Affecting the Psychological Well-being of Health Care Workers During an Epidemic: A Thematic Review. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:323-333. [PMID: 33402793 PMCID: PMC7746908 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620934095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) constitute a vulnerable group in terms of physical, mental, and emotional health setbacks during an epidemic. An in-depth understanding of the effects of epidemics on HCWs is of utmost importance, in order to put in place measures for their well-being. The purpose of the review was to compile, compare, and contrast the available information so as to produce a lucid picture of how HCWs are impacted during an epidemic, and the factors that affect their mental health. METHODS A literature search of MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases was conducted to uncover research pertaining to four major epidemic outbreaks over the last two decades. The search was carried out at three levels using pertinent key words. The records thus identified were narrowed down at three further levels, that is, by screening of the title, abstract, and full text, to obtain articles most relevant to the subject matter. Data extraction was done using a spreadsheet to compile the relevant data. Data synthesis was done by studying those factors found to affect psychological well-being of HCWs and separating them into suitable sub-groups. Recommendations to mitigate the psychological impact were proposed. RESULTS Thirteen factors were identified, which were grouped under the broad categories of socio-demographic variables, individual characteristics, social characteristics, and psychological constructs. CONCLUSION Epidemics have a profound impact on psychological well-being of HCWs. There is a pressing need to address the issue of the psychological health of this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Philip
- Peejays@The Neurocenter, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Vinu Cherian
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Chalakka, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Imai H. Trust is a key factor in the willingness of health professionals to work during the COVID-19 outbreak: Experience from the H1N1 pandemic in Japan 2009. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:329-330. [PMID: 32105381 PMCID: PMC7228386 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hissei Imai
- Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Ohashi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
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58
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Lateef F. Face to Face with Coronavirus Disease 19: Maintaining Motivation, Psychological Safety, and Wellness. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2020; 13:116-123. [PMID: 33013090 PMCID: PMC7472823 DOI: 10.4103/jets.jets_27_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases have the potential to spread across borders extremely quickly. This was seen during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak and now, coronavirus disease (COVID 19) (novel coronavirus) pandemic. For outbreaks and pandemics, there will be behavioral, affective, and cognitive changes and adaptation seen. This may be prominent in frontline workers and healthcare workers (HCWs), who work in high-risk areas, as well as people in general. What represents the psychology and mindset of people during a pandemic? What is needed to allay anxieties and instill calm? What will be needed to keep the motivation levels of people and HCW high so that they continue to function optimally? Which motivation theory can be used to explain this and how do employers and management utilize this in their approach/strategies in planning for an outbreak? Finally, the impact of culture, in the various contexts, cannot be overlooked in crisis and pandemic management. The author is a senior emergency physician in Singapore, who has been through SARS and now the COVID pandemic. She has been instrumental in sharing some of the changes and practices implemented in Singapore, since SARS 17 years ago, until now. Besides being a full-time practicing emergency physician, the author is also an elected Member of the Singapore Parliament for the last 14 years. She shares her views on an aspect often overlooked during a pandemic: psychological wellness and motivations of people, including for HCW at the frontline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Lateef
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Adjunct Professor, Duke NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Adjunct Professor, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke NUS Institute of Medical Simulation, Singapore
- Founding and Board Member, World Academic Council in Emergency Medicine, Singapore
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59
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Preti E, Di Mattei V, Perego G, Ferrari F, Mazzetti M, Taranto P, Di Pierro R, Madeddu F, Calati R. The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2020; 22:43. [PMID: 32651717 PMCID: PMC7350408 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aim to provide quantitative evidence on the psychological impact of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks (i.e., SARS, MERS, COVID-19, ebola, and influenza A) on healthcare workers (HCWs). RECENT FINDINGS Forty-four studies are included in this review. Between 11 and 73.4% of HCWs, mainly including physicians, nurses, and auxiliary staff, reported post-traumatic stress symptoms during outbreaks, with symptoms lasting after 1-3 years in 10-40%. Depressive symptoms are reported in 27.5-50.7%, insomnia symptoms in 34-36.1%, and severe anxiety symptoms in 45%. General psychiatric symptoms during outbreaks have a range comprised between 17.3 and 75.3%; high levels of stress related to working are reported in 18.1 to 80.1%. Several individual and work-related features can be considered risk or protective factors, such as personality characteristics, the level of exposure to affected patients, and organizational support. Empirical evidence underlines the need to address the detrimental effects of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks on HCWs' mental health. Recommendations should include the assessment and promotion of coping strategies and resilience, special attention to frontline HCWs, provision of adequate protective supplies, and organization of online support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Preti
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
- Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Di Mattei
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Perego
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzetti
- Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Taranto
- Clinical and Health Psychology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Pierro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Madeddu
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Centro per lo studio e la terapia dei disturbi della personalità (C.R.E.S.T.), Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Calati
- Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Nîmes University Hospital, 4 Rue du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029, Nimes, France
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Puig-Asensio M, Braun BI, Seaman AT, Chitavi S, Rasinski KA, Nair R, Perencevich EN, Lawrence JC, Hartley M, Schweizer ML. Perceived Benefits and Challenges of Ebola Preparation Among Hospitals in Developed Countries: A Systematic Literature Review. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 70:976-986. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa provided an opportunity to improve our response to highly infectious diseases. We performed a systematic literature review in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science of research articles that evaluated benefits and challenges of hospital Ebola preparation in developed countries. We excluded studies performed in non-developed countries, and those limited to primary care settings, the public health sector, and pediatric populations. Thirty-five articles were included. Preparedness activities were beneficial for identifying gaps in hospital readiness. Training improved health-care workers’ (HCW) infection control practices and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. The biggest challenge was related to PPE, followed by problems with hospital infrastructure and resources. HCWs feared managing Ebola patients, affecting their willingness to care for them. Standardizing protocols, PPE types, and frequency of training and providing financial support will improve future preparedness. It is unclear whether preparations resulted in sustained improvements.
Prospero Registration. CRD42018090988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Puig-Asensio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Barbara I Braun
- The Joint Commission Department of Research, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois
| | - Aaron T Seaman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Salome Chitavi
- The Joint Commission Department of Research, Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois
| | - Kenneth A Rasinski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Rajeshwari Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Eli N Perencevich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Janna C Lawrence
- Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, University of Iowa Libraries, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael Hartley
- Department of Hospital Administration, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Marin L Schweizer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City Veteran Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
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Abdul-Razik MS, Kaity AM, Banafaa NS, El-Hady GW. Disaster response in a civil war: Lessons on local hospitals capacity. The case of Yemen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2019.1616386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Mubark Kaity
- Department of Public Health, College of Nursing, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
| | - Nawal Saeed Banafaa
- Department of Public Health, College of Nursing, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen
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Raven J, Wurie H, Witter S. Health workers' experiences of coping with the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone's health system: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:251. [PMID: 29622025 PMCID: PMC5887191 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 2014 Ebola Virus Disease epidemic evolved in alarming ways in Sierra Leone spreading to all districts. The country struggled to control it against a backdrop of a health system that was already over-burdened. Health workers play an important role during epidemics but there is limited research on how they cope during health epidemics in fragile states. This paper explores the challenges faced by health workers and their coping strategies during the Ebola outbreak in four districts – Bonthe, Kenema, Koinadugu and Western Area - of Sierra Leone. Methods We used a qualitative study design: key informant interviews (n = 19) with members of the District Health Management Teams and local councils, health facility managers and international partners; and in depth interviews with health workers (n = 25) working in public health facilities and international health workers involved with the treatment of Ebola patients. Results There were several important coping strategies including those that drew upon existing mechanisms: being sustained by religion, a sense of serving their country and community, and peer and family support. Externally derived strategies included: training which built health worker confidence in providing care; provision of equipment to do their job safely; a social media platform which helped health workers deal with challenges; workshops that provided ways to deal with the stigma associated with being a health worker; and the risk allowance, which motivated staff to work in facilities and provided an additional income source. Conclusions Supportive supervision, peer support networks and better use of communication technology should be pursued, alongside a programme for rebuilding trusting relations with community structures. The challenge is building these mechanisms into routine systems, pre-empting shocks, rather than waiting to respond belatedly to crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raven
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Haja Wurie
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, New England, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Sophie Witter
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Raven J, Baral S, Wurie H, Witter S, Samai M, Paudel P, Subedi HN, Martineau T, Elsey H, Theobald S. What adaptation to research is needed following crises: a comparative, qualitative study of the health workforce in Sierra Leone and Nepal. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:6. [PMID: 29415738 PMCID: PMC5804047 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health workers are critical to the performance of health systems; yet, evidence about their coping strategies and support needs during and post crisis is lacking. There is very limited discussion about how research teams should respond when unexpected crises occur during on-going research. This paper critically presents the approaches and findings of two health systems research projects that explored and evaluated health worker performance and were adapted during crises, and provides lessons learnt on re-orientating research when the unexpected occurs. METHODS Health systems research was adapted post crisis to assess health workers' experiences and coping strategies. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 health workers in a heavily affected earthquake district in Nepal and 25 frontline health workers in four districts in Ebola-affected Sierra Leone. All data were transcribed and analysed using the framework approach, which included developing coding frameworks for each study, applying the frameworks, developing charts and describing the themes. A second layer of analysis included analysis across the two contexts, whereas a third layer involved the research teams reflecting on the approaches used to adapt the research during these crises and what was learned as individuals and research teams. RESULTS In Sierra Leone, health workers were heavily stigmatised by the epidemic, leading to a breakdown of trust. Coping strategies included finding renewed purpose in continuing to serve their community, peer and family support (in some cases), and religion. In Nepal, individual determination, a sense of responsibility to the community and professional duty compelled staff to stay or return to their workplace. The research teams had trusting relationships with policy-makers and practitioners, which brought credibility and legitimacy to the change of research direction as well as the relationships to maximise the opportunity for findings to inform practice. CONCLUSIONS In both contexts, health workers demonstrated considerable resilience in continuing to provide services despite limited support. Embedded researchers and institutions are arguably best placed to navigate emerging ethical and social justice challenges and are strategically positioned to support the co-production of knowledge and ensure research findings have impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Raven
- Department of International Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Sushil Baral
- Health Research and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Haja Wurie
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Sophie Witter
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Samai
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Pravin Paudel
- Health Research and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Hom Nath Subedi
- Health Research and Social Development Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tim Martineau
- Department of International Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Elsey
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Theobald
- Department of International Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Lehmann M, Bruenahl CA, Addo MM, Becker S, Schmiedel S, Lohse AW, Schramm C, Löwe B. Acute Ebola virus disease patient treatment and health-related quality of life in health care professionals: A controlled study. J Psychosom Res 2016; 83:69-74. [PMID: 26423938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify predictors of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and to investigate infection-related concerns in health professionals during the acute treatment episode for one Ebola virus disease (EVD) patient in tertiary care. METHODS In a cross-sectional controlled study, validated self-report questionnaires were completed by three groups of health care professionals: (1) staff from standard internal medicine inpatient wards of a tertiary care center, (2) staff from the isolation unit of the same center responsible for Ebola patient treatment, and (3) staff from a research laboratory with contact to the Ebola virus and other highly infectious pathogens. Outcomes were HrQoL (SF-12), infection-related concerns, global health status, fatigue (FACIT), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and somatic symptoms (SSS-8). RESULTS Comparisons between groups (n1=42, n2=32, n3=12) yielded no significant differences in HrQoL, subjective risk of infection, and most other psychosocial variables. However, the Ebola patient treatment group experienced significantly higher levels of social isolation than both other groups. The best predictors of poor physical and mental HrQoL were perceived lack of knowledge about the Ebola virus disease (physical: B=-1.2, p=0.05; mental: B=-1.3, p=0.03) and fatigue (physical: B=-0.3, p=0.02; mental: B=-0.53, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Ebola patient treatment in tertiary care does not seem to be associated with lower HrQoL and enhanced subjective risk of infection, but seems to yield feelings of social isolation in health-care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lehmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian A Bruenahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmiedel
- Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
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Simulation as a Tool to Facilitate Practice Changes in Teams Taking Care of Patients Under Investigation for Ebola Virus Disease in Spain. Simul Healthc 2016; 11:89-93. [DOI: 10.1097/sih.0000000000000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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66
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Ben Natan M, Zilberstein S, Alaev D. Willingness of Future Nursing Workforce to Report for Duty During an Avian Influenza Pandemic. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2016; 29:266-75. [PMID: 26714354 DOI: 10.1891/1541-6577.29.4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nursing students are the future nursing workforce. Exploring factors associated with nursing students' willingness to report for duty during an avian influenza (flu) pandemic, might help nurse managers develop strategies in advance for efficient management of personnel during a pandemic of avian flu. AIM To examine the factors associated with the willingness of future nursing workforce to report for duty during an avian flu pandemic, using the theory of self-efficacy. METHODS The study employed a cross-sectional quantitative correlational design. A convenience sample of 200 Israeli nursing students completed a questionnaire based on the theory and the literature review. RESULTS Approximately one-half (49%) of the students intended to report for duty during an avian flu pandemic in the future. Perceived self-efficacy and working conditions were found associated with this willingness. Male students and students from the Arab Muslim sector were more willing to report for duty during a pandemic than female students or students from the Jewish sector. DISCUSSION These finding may have implications for disaster planning and staffing management in health care settings during an avian flu pandemic, with the aim to ensure optimal nursing care and an efficient functioning of the entire health care system.
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Lehmann M, Bruenahl CA, Löwe B, Addo MM, Schmiedel S, Lohse AW, Schramm C. Ebola and psychological stress of health care professionals. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:913-4. [PMID: 25897490 PMCID: PMC4412243 DOI: 10.3201/eid2105.141988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Aoyagi Y, Beck CR, Dingwall R, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Healthcare workers' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2015; 9:120-30. [PMID: 25807865 PMCID: PMC4415696 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate the proportion of healthcare workers (HCWs) willing to work during an influenza pandemic and identify associated risk factors, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis compliant with PRISMA guidance. Databases and grey literature were searched to April 2013, and records were screened against protocol eligibility criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were undertaken using a piloted form. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated (i) pooled proportion of HCWs willing to work and (ii) pooled odds ratios of risk factors associated with willingness to work. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I(2) statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Data were synthesized narratively where meta-analyses were not possible. Forty-three studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the proportion of HCWs willing to work was abandoned due to excessive heterogeneity (I(2) = 99.2%). Narrative synthesis showed study estimates ranged from 23.1% to 95.8% willingness to work, depending on context. Meta-analyses of specific factors showed that male HCWs, physicians and nurses, full-time employment, perceived personal safety, awareness of pandemic risk and clinical knowledge of influenza pandemics, role-specific knowledge, pandemic response training, and confidence in personal skills were statistically significantly associated with increased willingness. Childcare obligations were significantly associated with decreased willingness. HCWs' willingness to work during an influenza pandemic was moderately high, albeit highly variable. Numerous risk factors showed a statistically significant association with willingness to work despite significant heterogeneity between studies. None of the included studies were based on appropriate theoretical constructs of population behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Aoyagi
- Division of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Charles R Beck
- Division of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Robert Dingwall
- Dingwall Enterprises Ltd, Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham, UK
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Do shared barriers when reporting to work during an influenza pandemic influence hospital workers' willingness to work? A multilevel framework. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2015; 9:175-85. [PMID: 25882124 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characteristics associated with interventions and barriers that influence health care workers' willingness to report for duty during an influenza pandemic were identified. Additionally, this study examined whether workers who live in proximal geographic regions shared the same barriers and would respond to the same interventions. METHODS Hospital employees (n=2965) recorded changes in willingness to work during an influenza pandemic on the basis of interventions aimed at mitigating barriers. Distance from work, hospital type, job role, and family composition were examined by clustering the effects of barriers from reporting for duty and region of residence. RESULTS Across all workers, providing protection for the family was the greatest motivator for willingness to work during a pandemic. Respondents who expressed the same barriers and lived nearby shared common responses in their willingness to work. Younger employees and clinical support staff were more receptive to interventions. Increasing distance from home to work was significantly associated with a greater likelihood to report to work for employees who received time off. CONCLUSIONS Hospital administrators should consider the implications of barriers and areas of residence on the disaster response capacity of their workforce. Our findings underscore communication and development of preparedness plans to improve the resilience of hospital workers to mitigate absenteeism.
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70
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Okello DRO, Gilson L. Exploring the influence of trust relationships on motivation in the health sector: a systematic review. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2015; 13:16. [PMID: 25889952 PMCID: PMC4384237 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dedicated and motivated health workers (HWs) play a major role in delivering efficient and effective health services that improve patients' experience of health care. Growing interest in HW motivation has led to a global focus on pay for performance strategies, but less attention has been paid to nurturing intrinsic motivation. Workplace trust relationships involve fair treatment and respectful interactions between individuals. Such relationships enable cooperation among HWs and their colleagues, supervisors, managers and patients and may act as a source of intrinsic motivation. This paper presents findings from a qualitative systematic review of empirical studies providing evidence on HW motivation, to consider what these studies suggest about the possible influence of workplace trust relationships over motivation. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched for articles reporting research findings about HW motivation for various cadres published in the 10-year period 2003 to 2013 and with available full free text in the English language. Data extraction involved consideration of the links between trust relationships and motivation, by identifying how studies directly or indirectly mention and discuss relevant factors. RESULTS Twenty-three articles from low- and middle-income countries and eight from high-income countries that met predetermined quality and inclusion criteria were appraised and subjected to thematic synthesis. Workplace trust relationships with colleagues, supervisors and managers, employing organisation and patients directly and indirectly influence HW motivation. Motivational factors identified as linked to trust include respect; recognition, appreciation and rewards; supervision; teamwork; management support; autonomy; communication, feedback and openness; and staff shortages and resource inadequacy. CONCLUSION To the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review on trust and motivation in the health sector. Evidence indicates that workplace trust relationships encourage social interactions and cooperation among HWs, have impact on the intrinsic motivation of HWs and have consequences for retention, performance and quality of care. Human resource management and organisational practices are critical in sustaining workplace trust and HW motivation. Research and assessment of the levels of motivation and factors that encourage workplace trust relationships should include how trust and motivation interact and operate for retention, performance and quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson R O Okello
- Health Policy and Systems Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Lucy Gilson
- Health Policy and Systems Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Western Cape, South Africa.
- Health Economics and Systems Analysis Group, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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71
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Edeghere O, Fowler T, Wilson F, Caspa R, Raichand S, Kara E, Janmohamed Rampling S, Olowokure B. Knowledge, attitudes, experience and behaviour of frontline health care workers during the early phase of 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, Birmingham, UK. J Health Serv Res Policy 2014; 20:26-30. [PMID: 25392369 DOI: 10.1177/1355819614554243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the early ('containment') phase of the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic, when the severity of the pandemic was unclear, health care workers (HCWs) across the UK were deployed to swab and prescribe antiviral drugs to suspected cases. This study describes the knowledge, attitudes, experience and behaviour of frontline HCWs in Birmingham, West Midlands, during this period. METHODS During June 2009, a 25-item semi-structured questionnaire was used to survey HCWs who undertook defined clinical duties as part of the public health response during the early phase of the pandemic. Participants were clinical staff based in a primary care out-of-hours service provider. RESULTS The response rate was 50% (n = 20). All respondents provided direct clinical care that necessitated prolonged close contact with potentially infectious cases. Knowledge and use of personal protective equipment and infection control procedures was consistently high. However, the main source of infection control advice was local guidance. Uptake of, and attitude towards, vaccination as a preventive measure and antiviral prophylaxis was poor. CONCLUSIONS HCWs were prepared to provide an essential health care response during the pandemic even when the severity of disease was unclear. However, more needs to be done to change health care workers' negative attitudes towards taking antivirals and receiving influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaghe Edeghere
- Consultant Epidemiologist, Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tom Fowler
- Locum Consultant Epidemiologist, Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Fay Wilson
- CEO/Group Medical Director, Birmingham and District General Practitioner Emergency Room, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Caspa
- Post-graduate Intern, Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK
| | - Smitri Raichand
- Post-graduate Intern, Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK
| | - Edna Kara
- previously Post-graduate Intern, Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK; currently Scientist (Epidemiology); Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety department, Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Babatunde Olowokure
- previously Consultant Regional Epidemiologist, Field Epidemiology Service, Public Health England, Birmingham, UK; currently Director of Surveillance, Disease Prevention and Control. Caribbean Institute of Public Health, Trinidad & Tobago
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Adini B, Laor D, Aharonson-Daniel L. Factors affecting preparedness and capacity to manage pandemic influenza: perceptions of healthcare managers. Public Health 2014; 128:703-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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When and why health care personnel respond to a disaster: the state of the science. Prehosp Disaster Med 2014; 29:270-4. [PMID: 24784878 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x14000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emergency response relies on the assumption that essential health care services will continue to operate and be available to provide quality patient care during and after a patient surge. The observed successes and failures of health care systems during recent mass-casualty events and the concern that these assumptions are not evidence based prompted this review. METHOD The aims of this systematic review were to explore the factors associated with the intention of health care personnel (HCP) to respond to uncommon events, such as a natural disaster or pandemic, determine the state of the science, and bolster evidence-based measures that have been shown to facilitate staff response. RESULTS Authors of the 70 studies (five mixed-methods, 49 quantitative, 16 qualitative) that met inclusion criteria reported a variety of variables that influenced the intent of HCP to respond. Current evidence suggests that four primary factors emerged as either facilitating or hindering the willingness of HCP to respond to an event: (1) the nature of the event; (2) competing obligations; (3) the work environment and climate; and (4) the relationship between knowledge and perceptions of efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study could influence and strengthen policy making by emergency response planners, staffing coordinators, health educators, and health system administrators.
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Arbon P, Cusack L, Ranse J, Shaban RZ, Considine J, Kako M, Woodman RJ, Mitchell B, Bahnisch L, Hammad K. Exploring staff willingness to attend work during a disaster: A study of nurses employed in four Australian emergency departments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 16:103-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aenj.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bhadelia N, Sonti R, McCarthy JW, Vorenkamp J, Jia H, Saiman L, Furuya EY. Impact of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic on healthcare workers at a tertiary care center in New York City. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013; 34:825-31. [PMID: 23838223 DOI: 10.1086/671271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Assessing the impact of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) on healthcare workers (HCWs) is important for pandemic planning. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed employee health records of HCWs at a tertiary care center in New York City with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and confirmed influenza from March 31, 2009, to February 28, 2010. We evaluated HCWs' clinical presentations during the first and second wave of the pandemic, staff absenteeism, exposures among HCWs, and association between high-risk occupational exposures to respiratory secretions and infection. RESULTS During the pandemic, 40% (141/352) of HCWs with ILI tested positive for influenza, representing a 1% attack rate among our 13,066 employees. HCWs with influenza were more likely to have fever, cough, and tachycardia. When compared with the second wave, cases in the first wave were sicker and at higher risk of exposure to patients' respiratory secretions (P=.049). HCWs with ILI--with and without confirmed influenza--missed on average 4.7 and 2.7 work days, respectively (P=.001). Among HCWs asked about working while ill, 65% (153/235) reported they did so (mean, 2 days). CONCLUSIONS HCWs in the first wave had more severe ILI than those in the second wave and were more likely to be exposed to patients' respiratory secretions. HCWs with ILI often worked while ill. Timely strategies to educate and support HCWs were critical to managing this population during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Bhadelia
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Arbon P, Ranse J, Cusack L, Considine J, Shaban RZ, Woodman RJ, Bahnisch L, Kako M, Hammad K, Mitchell B. Australasian emergency nurses’ willingness to attend work in a disaster: A survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 16:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aenj.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Matsuishi K, Kawazoe A, Imai H, Ito A, Mouri K, Kitamura N, Miyake K, Mino K, Isobe M, Takamiya S, Hitokoto H, Mita T. Psychological impact of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on general hospital workers in Kobe. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 66:353-60. [PMID: 22624741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In order for hospitals to work efficiently in a pandemic, it is important to know how a pandemic affects the hospital staff. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological impact of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on hospital workers and how it was affected by the characteristics of the hospital, gender, age, job and work environment. METHODS In late June 2009, soon after the pandemic had ended in Kobe city, Japan, a questionnaire was distributed consisting of questions on sociodemographic characteristics, 19 stress-related questions and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) to all 3635 employees at three core general hospitals in Kobe. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the 19 stress-related questions, and this produced four factors for evaluation (anxiety about infection, exhaustion, workload, and feeling of being protected). Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the association of personal characteristics with each score of the four factors and the IES. RESULTS Valid answers were received from 1625 employees. Workers at a hospital with intense liaison psychiatric services felt less psychological impact. Workers at a hospital that provided staff with information about the pandemic less frequently, felt unprotected. Workers in work environments that had a high risk of infection felt more anxious and more exhausted. The total IES score was higher in workers in high-risk work environments. CONCLUSIONS It is important for hospitals to protect hospital workers during a pandemic and to rapidly share information about the pandemic. Liaison psychiatric services can help to reduce the impact of the pandemic on hospital workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitaka Matsuishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
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