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Wainwright L, Parisi A, Downs N. Dual calibrated dosimeter for simultaneous measurements of erythemal and vitamin D effective solar ultraviolet radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 157:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Early life nutrition and the opportunity to influence long-term health: an Australasian perspective. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 7:440-448. [PMID: 26810498 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174415007989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are now significant data to support the hypothesis that early life nutrition in the fetus, infant and young child can have profound effects on long-term health. This review considers some of this evidence with specific reference to the current burden of disease in Australia and New Zealand. As the findings of further research become available, recommendations on optimizing early life nutrition should be formulated and made widely available as part of the preventative health policy agenda in both Australia and New Zealand.
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Riaz H, Finlayson AE, Bashir S, Hussain S, Mahmood S, Malik F, Godman B. Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan and implications for the future. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:329-38. [PMID: 26582317 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D) affects over one billion people worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency results in progression of osteoporosis as well as other conditions. Previous studies have shown high rates of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan despite appreciable levels of sunshine. However, none have assessed vitamin D deficiency across all age groups, genders, incomes, and locations to guide future strategies. METHODS Questionnaire and blood sampling among 4830 randomly selected citizens. RESULTS High levels of deficiency among all age groups, genders, income levels, and locations. Amongst the selected citizens, 53.5% had vitamin D deficiency, 31.2% had insufficient vitamin D, and only 15.3% normal vitamin D. CONCLUSION High rates of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan despite high levels of sunshine and previous Food Acts asking for food fortification with vitamin D. Public health strategies are needed to address high deficiency rates, including food fortification, i.e. nurture, alongside increasing exposure to sunlight, i.e. nature. This will involve all key stakeholder groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Riaz
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Sargodha University , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - A E Finlayson
- b Green Templeton College , Oxford University , Oxford , UK.,c Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - S Bashir
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Sargodha University , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - S Hussain
- d Drugs Control and Traditional Medicines Division, National Institute of Health , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - S Mahmood
- e Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - F Malik
- d Drugs Control and Traditional Medicines Division, National Institute of Health , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - B Godman
- f Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute , Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden.,g Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences , Strathclyde University , Glasgow , UK
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High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Infertile Women Referring for Assisted Reproduction. Nutrients 2015; 7:9972-84. [PMID: 26633484 PMCID: PMC4690068 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of the vitamin D status of infertile women is the first step in understanding hypovitaminosis impact on reproductive potential. We sought to determine vitamin D profiles of women attending an infertility center and to investigate non-dietary determinants of vitamin D status in this population. In this cross-sectional analysis, a cohort of 1072 women (mean age ± standard deviation 36.3 ± 4.4 years) attending an academic infertility center was used to examine serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in relation to demographic characteristics, seasons and general health risk factors. Both unadjusted and adjusted levels of serum 25(OH)D were examined. Median 25(OH)D concentration was below 30 ng/mL for 89% of the entire year. Over the whole year, 6.5% of patients had 25(OH)D levels ≤10 ng/mL, 40.1% ≤20 ng/mL, and 77.4% ≤30 ng/mL. Global solar radiation was weakly correlated with 25(OH)D levels. At multivariable analysis, 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with BMI; conversely, 25(OH)D levels were positively associated with height and endometriosis history. Serum 25(OH)D levels are highly deficient in women seeking medical help for couple’s infertility. Levels are significantly associated with body composition, seasonal modifications and causes of infertility. Importantly, this deficiency status may last during pregnancy with more severe consequences.
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Al-Daghri NM, Rahman S, Amer OE, Al-Attas OS, McTernan PG, Alokail MS. Gender dependent association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and circulating leptin in saudi subjects: influence of dyslipidemia. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:11160-11166. [PMID: 26379918 PMCID: PMC4565301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Leptin and vitamin D play an important role in obesity development and metabolic effects; however, the association between leptin and vitamin D is not well studied in Saudi subjects. We aimed to examine gender dependent association between serum leptin and 25-OH-VitD in adult Saudi subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS For this cross-sectional study in a cohort of 259 Saudi adults (100 male, age: 46.4 ± 0.9 yr [mean ± SD]; BMI: 27.8 ± 0.5 Kg/m(2)) and (159 female, age 46.5 ± 0.7 [mean ± SD]; BMI: 28.4 ± 0.4 Kg/m(2)) anthropometrics, fasting bloods, and biochemical data were collected. Serum leptin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D or 25-OH-VitD) were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Circulating leptin and vitamin D levels were significantly higher in females compared to male (P<0.001 and P<0.01 respectively). Visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly higher (P<0.05, P<0.001, and P<0.05, respectively) while HDL-cholesterol were lower (P<0.001) in male compared to female subjects. In males, vitamin D levels were positively associated with leptin (r = 0.196, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin D was positively associated with serum leptin in male Saudi subjects. Additionally, male subjects were found to be dyslipidemic, which might be a responsible factor for this discordant association between vitamin D and leptin in Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama E Amer
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Al-Attas
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomarkers Research Program, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Chirita-Emandi A, Socolov D, Haivas C, Calapiș A, Gheorghiu C, Puiu M. Vitamin D Status: A Different Story in the Very Young versus the Very Old Romanian Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128010. [PMID: 26024516 PMCID: PMC4449004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Romania (latitude 48°15'N to 43°40'N), vitamin D supplementation is common practice mostly in infants 0-1 year old. No published information is available regarding epidemiological data on vitamin D status in the Romanian population for a wide age range and geographical territory. In this context, we aimed to evaluate the seasonal and age variation of vitamin D status in a large Romanian population. METHODS 6631 individuals from across Romania had performed 7544 vitamin D assessments (2012-2014) in a chain of private laboratories. Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3) was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Vitamin D levels were classified as severe deficiency<10 ng/mL, deficiency 10-20 ng/mL, insufficiency 21-29 ng/mL, sufficiency ≥ 30 ng/mL and potentially harmful>100 ng/ml. RESULTS Male to female ratio was 1:2.9. Age ranged from 0 to 85 years. Mean vitamin D levels increased from April (26.3n g/ml) to September (35.6 ng/ml) and decreased from October (33.5 ng/ml) to March (24.4 ng/ml). Overall 40% had sufficient vitamin D, while the rest were insufficient 33%, deficient 22%, severely deficient 4% and 1% potentially harmful (of them 81% under 1 year old). Males compared to females showed higher percentages of sufficiency (47% vs. 38%). Children 0- 2 years presented the highest percentage of vitamin D sufficiency (77%). Lowest percentages (21%) of sufficiency were in people 80-84 years. CONCLUSION In Romania, suboptimal vitamin D levels are common (59%), especially in older age, wintertime and in women. Vitamin D supplementation would be most warranted from January to April in the Romanian population. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels > 100 ng/ml were relatively prevalent in children 0-1 year old (17.3%). This was attributed to supplementation errors and the fact that high-risk individuals were more likely to visit for medical check-up. Nonetheless, it stresses the need to increase awareness of the importance of preventing Vitamin D supplementation administration errors in the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Demetra Socolov
- Ginecology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Haivas
- Anatomy Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Anca Calapiș
- Bioclinica Laboratoarele, SA, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gheorghiu
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Genetics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, Timișoara, Romania
- Genetics Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Țurcanu”, Timișoara, Romania
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Sansoni ER, Sautter NB, Mace JC, Smith TL, Yawn JR, Lawrence LA, Schlosser RJ, Soler ZM, Mulligan JK. Vitamin D3 as a novel regulator of basic fibroblast growth factor in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:191-6. [PMID: 25561293 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is largely unknown, but it is thought that different inflammatory profiles are responsible for the different CRS subtypes. 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D (25-VD3) has been shown to alter inflammatory mediators in other disease processes and 25-VD3 deficiency is associated with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), but it is unknown if 25-VD3 levels impact local inflammation in CRS. This study investigated the correlation between plasma 25-VD3 and sinonasal mucus monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) levels in patients with CRS. METHODS Study subjects undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS were prospectively enrolled from January 2012 to August 2014. Control subjects included patients undergoing ESS for noninflammatory pathology. Blood and sinonasal mucus were collected at the time of ESS. Plasma 25-VD3 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mucus levels of MCP-1, RANTES, and bFGF by cytometric bead array (CBA). RESULTS A total of 57 patients were enrolled and categorized as CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (n = 31), CRSwNP (n = 14), and controls (n = 12). No significant correlation was found between MCP-1 and 25-VD3. There was a significant negative correlation between 25-VD3 and RANTES (r = -0.612; p = 0.026) and bFGF (r = -0.578; p = 0.039) in CRSwNP patients; however, there was no significant correlation in CRSsNP patients. CONCLUSION This data suggests that 25-VD3 may play a role in regulation of RANTES and bFGF expression in CRSwNP. This may occur through regulation of NP fibroblasts or other immune cells. Further investigation is warranted to better elucidate the role of RANTES, bFGF, and 25-VD3 in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ritter Sansoni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
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