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Inhibitory effects of andrographolide on activated macrophages and adjuvant-induced arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:447-456. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Shim E. Cost-effectiveness of dengue vaccination in Yucatán, Mexico using a dynamic dengue transmission model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175020. [PMID: 28380060 PMCID: PMC5381893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of dengue fever (DF) is steadily increasing in Mexico, burdening health systems with consequent morbidities and mortalities. On December 9th, 2015, Mexico became the first country for which the dengue vaccine was approved for use. In anticipation of a vaccine rollout, analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the dengue vaccination program that quantifies the dynamics of disease transmission is essential. Methods We developed a dynamic transmission model of dengue in Yucatán, Mexico and its proposed vaccination program to incorporate herd immunity into our analysis of cost-effectiveness analysis. Our model also incorporates important characteristics of dengue epidemiology, such as clinical cross-immunity and susceptibility enhancement upon secondary infection. Using our model, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness and economic impact of an imperfect dengue vaccine in Yucatán, Mexico. Conclusions Our study indicates that a dengue vaccination program would prevent 90% of cases of symptomatic DF incidence as well as 90% of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence and dengue-related deaths annually. We conclude that a dengue vaccine program in Yucatán, Mexico would be very cost-effective as long as the vaccination cost per individual is less than $140 and $214 from health care and societal perspectives, respectively. Furthermore, at an exemplary vaccination cost of $250 USD per individual on average, dengue vaccination is likely to be cost-effective 43% and 88% of the time from health care and societal perspectives, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunha Shim
- Department of Mathematics, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Frederico ÉHFF, Cardoso ALBD, Moreira-Marconi E, de Sá-Caputo DDC, Guimarães CAS, Dionello CDF, Morel DS, Paineiras-Domingos LL, de Souza PL, Brandão-Sobrinho-Neto S, Carvalho-Lima RP, Guedes-Aguiar EDO, Costa-Cavalcanti RG, Kutter CR, Bernardo-Filho M. ANTI-VIRAL EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2017; 14:33-40. [PMID: 28740942 PMCID: PMC5514443 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4s.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is considered as an important arboviral disease. Safe, low-cost, and effective drugs that possess inhibitory activity against dengue virus (DENV) are mostly needed to try to combat the dengue infection worldwide. Medicinal plants have been considered as an important alternative to manage several diseases, such as dengue. As authors have demonstrated the antiviral effect of medicinal plants against DENV, the aim of this study was to review systematically the published research concerning the use of medicinal plants in the management of dengue using the PubMed database. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search and selection of publications were made using the PubMed database following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA statement). RESULTS Six publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final selection after thorough analysis. CONCLUSION It is suggested that medicinal plants' products could be used as potential anti-DENV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Heleno Freira Ferreira Frederico
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
- Corresponding Author E-mail Address:
| | - André Luiz Bandeira Dionísio Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eloá Moreira-Marconi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alberto Sampaio Guimarães
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carla da Fontoura Dionello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Danielle Soares Morel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patricia Lopes de Souza
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Samuel Brandão-Sobrinho-Neto
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Av. Marechal Rondon, Rio de Janeiro, 20950-003, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rafaelle Pacheco Carvalho-Lima
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Av. Marechal Rondon, Rio de Janeiro, 20950-003, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eliane de Oliveira Guedes-Aguiar
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rebeca Graça Costa-Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Ribeiro Kutter
- Mestrado Profissional em Saúde, Medicina Laboratorial e Tecnologia Forense, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Av. Marechal Rondon, Rio de Janeiro, 20950-003, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, RJ, Brasil
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Munjal A, Khandia R, Dhama K, Sachan S, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Kumar D, Singh RK, Iqbal HMN, Joshi SK. Advances in Developing Therapies to Combat Zika Virus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1469. [PMID: 28824594 PMCID: PMC5541032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remained largely quiescent for nearly six decades after its first appearance in 1947. ZIKV reappeared after 2007, resulting in a declaration of an international "public health emergency" in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Until this time, ZIKV was considered to induce only mild illness, but it has now been established as the cause of severe clinical manifestations, including fetal anomalies, neurological problems, and autoimmune disorders. Infection during pregnancy can cause congenital brain abnormalities, including microcephaly and neurological degeneration, and in other cases, Guillain-Barré syndrome, making infections with ZIKV a substantial public health concern. Genomic and molecular investigations are underway to investigate ZIKV pathology and its recent enhanced pathogenicity, as well as to design safe and potent vaccines, drugs, and therapeutics. This review describes progress in the design and development of various anti-ZIKV therapeutics, including drugs targeting virus entry into cells and the helicase protein, nucleosides, inhibitors of NS3 protein, small molecules, methyltransferase inhibitors, interferons, repurposed drugs, drugs designed with the aid of computers, neutralizing antibodies, convalescent serum, antibodies that limit antibody-dependent enhancement, and herbal medicines. Additionally, covalent inhibitors of viral protein expression and anti-Toll-like receptor molecules are discussed. To counter ZIKV-associated disease, we need to make rapid progress in developing novel therapies that work effectually to inhibit ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah UniversityBhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah UniversityBhopal, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
- *Correspondence: Kuldeep Dhama,
| | - Swati Sachan
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan SansthanMathura, India
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Raj K. Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus MonterreyMonterrey, Mexico
| | - Sunil K. Joshi
- Cellular Immunology Lab, Frank Reidy Research Center of Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, NorfolkVA, United States
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Structural characterization and antiviral effect of a novel polysaccharide PSP-2B from Prunellae Spica. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:699-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Boonyasuppayakorn S, Suroengrit A, Srivarangkul P, Yuttithamnon W, Pankaew S, Saelee T, Prompetchara E, Salakij S, Bhattarakosol P. Simplified dengue virus microwell plaque assay using an automated quantification program. J Virol Methods 2016; 237:25-31. [PMID: 27542530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The plaque assay is essential for virion quantitation but the classic protocol requires considerable efforts. A simplified dengue 96-well plaque assay with automated quantitation program is an alternative to access the level of infectious virus. Dengue plaque assay was simplified using LLC/MK2 cells and virus mixing simultaneously before semisolid addition. Results were obtained using a flatbed scanner and analysis by the self-written program optimized to manual reads. The newly developed microwell system was accurate to the standard assay because 19 independent titrations from all subtypes obtained from both systems differed less than a log10 p.f.u./ml with no significance (p>0.05) with good correlation (R2=0.9058). Coefficient of variations within and between assays, indicating assay reliability and repeatability, were 19.29%, and 12.50%, respectively. This method serves various experimental designs in drug discovery that requires viral titers assessment. Effective concentrations (EC90) results showed no significant difference between 24- and 96-well assays (p>0.05). Compound screening for potential antivirals and clinical isolate titrations were successfully arranged. The method contains distinguished features including protocol simplicity, less reagent consumption in microwell format, convenient and affordable data acquisition and analysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn
- Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Aphinya Suroengrit
- Medical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pimsiri Srivarangkul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Wanchalerm Yuttithamnon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Saran Pankaew
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphon Saelee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eakachai Prompetchara
- Chula Vaccine Research Center (Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Saran Salakij
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University 1873 Rama 4 Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Beesetti H, Khanna N, Swaminathan S. Investigational drugs in early development for treating dengue infection. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1059-69. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1201063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ching S, Ramachandran V, Gew LT, Lim SMS, Sulaiman WAW, Foo YL, Zakaria ZA, Samsudin NH, Lau PCMC, Veettil SK, Hoo F. Complementary alternative medicine use among patients with dengue fever in the hospital setting: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:37. [PMID: 26825057 PMCID: PMC4731995 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Malaysia, the number of reported cases of dengue fever demonstrates an increasing trend. Since dengue fever has no vaccine or antiviral treatment available, it has become a burden. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become one of the good alternatives to treat the patients with dengue fever. There is limited study on the use of CAM among patients with dengue fever, particularly in hospital settings. This study aims to determine the prevalence, types, reasons, expenditure, and resource of information on CAM use among patients with dengue fever. METHODS This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 306 patients with dengue fever, which was carried out at the dengue clinic of three hospitals. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 21.0 and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with CAM use. RESULTS The prevalence of CAM use was 85.3% among patients with dengue fever. The most popular CAMs were isotonic drinks (85.8%), crab soup (46.7%) and papaya leaf extract (22.2%). The most common reason for CAM use was a good impression of CAM from other CAM users (33.3%). The main resource of information on CAM use among patients with dengue fever was family (54.8%). In multiple logistic regression analysis, dengue fever patients with a tertiary level are more likely to use CAM 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI 1.62-20.45) and 3.8 (95% CI 1.12-12.93) times than secondary level and primary and below respectively. CONCLUSION CAM was commonly used by patients with dengue fever. The predictor of CAM use was a higher level of education.
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Viol DI, Chagonda LS, Moyo SR, Mericli AH. Toxicity and Antiviral Activities of Some Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Medical Practitioners in Zimbabwe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2016.711145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nedjadi T, El-Kafrawy S, Sohrab SS, Desprès P, Damanhouri G, Azhar E. Tackling dengue fever: Current status and challenges. Virol J 2015; 12:212. [PMID: 26645066 PMCID: PMC4673751 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent statistics, 96 million apparent dengue infections were estimated worldwide in 2010. This figure is by far greater than the WHO prediction which indicates the rapid spread of this disease posing a growing threat to the economy and a major challenge to clinicians and health care services across the globe particularly in the affected areas.This article aims at bringing to light the current epidemiological and clinical status of the dengue fever. The relationship between genetic mutations, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the pathophysiology of disease progression will be put into perspective. It will also highlight the recent advances in dengue vaccine development.Thus far, a significant progress has been made in unraveling the risk factors and understanding the molecular pathogenesis associated with the disease. However, further insights in molecular features of the disease and the development of animal models will enormously help improving the therapeutic interventions and potentially contribute to finding new preventive measures for population at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Nedjadi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherif El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sayed S Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Philippe Desprès
- UMR PIMIT (I2T team), University of Reunion island, INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Technology Platform CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière Saint-Clotilde, La Reunion, 97491, France.
| | - Ghazi Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Esam Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Lavanya P, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A. Computational analysis reveal inhibitory action of nimbin against dengue viral envelope protein. Virusdisease 2015; 26:243-54. [PMID: 26645034 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-015-0280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has emerged to be global health problem worldwide. Hence there is an immediate need to adopt new strategies in the development of effective anti-dengue drugs. Extracts from the leaves of Azadirachta indica has been traditionally used in folk medicine for viral infections. In the present study we report the anti-viral potency of nimbin, the active compound from the neem leaf extract against the envelope protein of dengue virus. Progression of viral entry into the host cell is facilitated by the envelope protein of dengue virus, suggesting; it as an effective anti-viral target. Nimbin is found to be effective against the envelope protein of all four types of dengue virus (dengue 1-4), which is evident from our in silico analysis. Our findings suggest the clinical importance of nimbin, which can serve as effective lead compound for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lavanya
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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Roa-Linares VC, Brand YM, Agudelo-Gomez LS, Tangarife-Castaño V, Betancur-Galvis LA, Gallego-Gomez JC, González MA. Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from (+)-dehydroabietylamine. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 108:79-88. [PMID: 26638041 PMCID: PMC7115619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The abietane-type diterpenoid (+)-ferruginol (1), a bioactive compound isolated from several plants, has attracted much attention as consequence of its pharmacological properties, which includes antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-plasmodial, leishmanicidal, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions. In this study, we report on the antiviral evaluation of ferruginol (1) and several analogues synthesized from commercial (+)-dehydroabietylamine. Thus, the activity against Human Herpesvirus type 1, Human Herpesvirus type 2 and Dengue Virus type 2, was studied. Two ferruginol analogues showed high antiviral selectivity index and reduced viral plaque-size in post-infection stages against both Herpes and Dengue viruses. A promising lead, compound 8, was ten-fold more potent (EC50 = 1.4 μM) than the control ribavirin against Dengue Virus type 2. Our findings suggest that the 12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene skeleton, which is characteristic of the diterpenoid ferruginol (1), is an interesting molecular scaffold for development of novel antivirals. In addition, the cytotoxic and antifungal activities of the synthesized ferruginol analogues have also been investigated. (©)20155 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C Roa-Linares
- Group of Investigative Dermatology, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, A.A1226, Antioquia, Colombia; Translational and Molecular Medicine Group, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Yaneth M Brand
- Group of Investigative Dermatology, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, A.A1226, Antioquia, Colombia; Translational and Molecular Medicine Group, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Lee S Agudelo-Gomez
- Group of Investigative Dermatology, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, A.A1226, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Verónica Tangarife-Castaño
- Group of Investigative Dermatology, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, A.A1226, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Liliana A Betancur-Galvis
- Group of Investigative Dermatology, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, A.A1226, Antioquia, Colombia; Translational and Molecular Medicine Group, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan C Gallego-Gomez
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Group, Institute of Medical Research, Medicine Faculty, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Miguel A González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Aziz J, Abu Kassim NL, Abu Kasim NH, Haque N, Rahman MT. Carica papaya induces in vitro thrombopoietic cytokines secretion by mesenchymal stem cells and haematopoietic cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:215. [PMID: 26152209 PMCID: PMC4495848 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Use of Carica papaya leaf extracts, reported to improve thrombocyte counts in dengue patients, demands further analysis on the underlying mechanism of its thrombopoietic cytokines induction Methods In vitro cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were treated with unripe papaya pulp juice (UPJ) to evaluate its potential to induce thrombopoietic cytokines (IL-6 and SCF) Results In vitro scratch gap closure was significantly faster (p < .05) in SHED culture treated with UPJ. IL-6 concentration was significantly increased (p < .05) in SHED and PBL culture supernatant when treated with UPJ. SCF synthesis in SHED culture was also significantly increased (p < .05) when treated with UPJ Conclusion In vitro upregulated synthesis of IL −6 and SCF both in PBL and SHED reveals the potential mechanism of unripe papaya to induce thrombopoietic cytokines synthesis in cells of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0749-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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U K I, Katare DP, Aeri V. Densitometric Validation and Optimisation of Polyphenols in Ocimum sanctum Linn by High Performance Thin-layer Chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:237-246. [PMID: 25676726 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocimum sanctum Linn (Sanskrit: Tulasi; family: Libiaceae), popularly known as holy basil or Ocimum teinufolium, is found throughout the semitropical and tropical parts of India. In Ayurveda, Tulasi has been well known for its therapeutic potentials. OBJECTIVE To optimise and develop a standard method to quantify seven polyphenols simultaneously by HPTLC. METHODS A three-level factor Box-Behnken statistical design was used for optimisation, where extraction time (min), temperature (°C) and methanol:water ratio (% v/v) are the independent variables with polyphenols as the dependent variable. The separation was archived on a silica-gel 60 F254 HPTLC plate using toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:methanol (3:3:0.8:0.2 v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric analysis of polyphenols was carried out in the absorbance mode at 366 nm. RESULTS The quantification of polyphenols was carried out based on peak area with a linear calibration curve at concentration ranges of 60-240, 20-200, 100-1600, 40-200, 200-1400, 10-160, 200-1400, 100-5000 ng/band for caffeic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, kaempferol, catechin, quercetin, eupalitin and epicatechin respectively. The method was validated for peak purity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). Method specificity was confirmed using the retention factor value and visible spectra correlation of marker compounds. CONCLUSIONS A validated HPTLC method was newly developed for simultaneous quantification of seven polyphenols in an Ayurvedic preparation of O. sanctum. The proposed method is simple, precise, specific, accurate, cost-effective, less time consuming and has the ability to separate the polyphenols from other constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas U K
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Deepshikha P Katare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Godinho VM, Gonçalves VN, Santiago IF, Figueredo HM, Vitoreli GA, Schaefer CEGR, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Alves TMA, Zani CL, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Romanha AJ, Kroon EG, Cantrell CL, Wedge DE, Duke SO, Ali A, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity and bioprospection of fungal community present in oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica. Extremophiles 2015; 19:585-96. [PMID: 25809294 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed the diversity and capability of producing bioactive compounds from a cultivable fungal community isolated from oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica. A total of 115 fungal isolates were obtained and identified in 11 taxa of Aspergillus, Debaryomyces, Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium and Hypocreales. The fungal community showed low diversity and richness, and high dominance indices. The extracts of Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium allii-sativi, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium rubens possess antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumoral, herbicidal and antiprotozoal activities. Bioactive extracts were examined using (1)H NMR spectroscopy and detected the presence of secondary metabolites with chemical shifts. Our results show that the fungi present in cold-oligotrophic soil from Antarctica included few dominant species, which may have important implications for understanding eukaryotic survival in cold-arid oligotrophic soils. We hypothesize that detailed further investigations may provide a greater understanding of the evolution of Antarctic fungi and their relationships with other organisms described in that region. Additionally, different wild pristine bioactive fungal isolates found in continental Antarctic soil may represent a unique source to discover prototype molecules for use in drug and biopesticide discovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria M Godinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
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66
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Ruiz-Guerrero R, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Norzagaray-Campos M. Toxicity of Mexican native plant extracts against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(15)30347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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The Effect of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. Extracts on In Vitro Dengue Replication. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:596109. [PMID: 25767554 PMCID: PMC4342073 DOI: 10.1155/2015/596109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the potential effect of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. (H. sibthorpioides) extracts against in vitro dengue viral replication. Methods. The cytotoxicity of H. sibthorpioides was evaluated using a cell viability assay. Cells were pre- and posttreated with water and methanol extracts of H. sibthorpioides, and the viral inhibitory effect was investigated by observing the morphological changes, which were further confirmed by plaque assay. Results. The methanolic extract cytotoxicity was higher in Vero and C6/36 cells than the cytotoxicity of the water extract. Preincubation of the cells with H. sibthorpioides extract showed nonexistent to mild prophylactic effects. The posttreatment of Vero cells with H. sibthorpioides methanolic extract presented higher antidengue activities when compared with the water extract. Surprisingly, posttreatment of C6/36 cells resulted in an enhancement of viral replication. Conclusion. H. sibthorpioides had variable effects on dengue viral replication, depending on the treatment, cell lines, and solvent types. This study provides important novel insights on the phytomedicinal properties of H. sibthorpioides extracts on dengue virus.
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Ethanol extracts of Cassia grandis and Tabernaemontana cymosa inhibit the in vitro replication of dengue virus serotype 2. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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69
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Antigenicity of envelop and non-structural proteins of dengue serotypes and their potentiality to elicit specific antibody. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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70
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Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees: a review of ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:274905. [PMID: 25950015 PMCID: PMC4408759 DOI: 10.1155/2014/274905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As aboriginal sources of medications, medicinal plants are used from the ancient times. Andrographis paniculata is one of the highly used potential medicinal plants in the world. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of common cold, diarrhoea, fever due to several infective cause, jaundice, as a health tonic for the liver and cardiovascular health, and as an antioxidant. It is also used to improve sexual dysfunctions and serve as a contraceptive. All parts of this plant are used to extract the active phytochemicals, but the compositions of phytoconstituents widely differ from one part to another and with place, season, and time of harvest. Our extensive data mining of the phytoconstituents revealed more than 55 ent-labdane diterpenoids, 30 flavonoids, 8 quinic acids, 4 xanthones, and 5 rare noriridoids. In this review, we selected only those compounds that pharmacology has already reported. Finally we focused on around 46 compounds for further discussion. We also discussed ethnobotany of this plant briefly. Recommendations addressing extraction process, tissue culture, and adventitious rooting techniques and propagation under abiotic stress conditions for improvement of phytoconstituents are discussed concisely in this paper. Further study areas on pharmacology are also proposed where needed.
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Senthilvel P, Lavanya P, Kumar KM, Swetha R, Anitha P, Bag S, Sarveswari S, Vijayakumar V, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A. Flavonoid from Carica papaya inhibits NS2B-NS3 protease and prevents Dengue 2 viral assembly. Bioinformation 2013; 9:889-95. [PMID: 24307765 PMCID: PMC3842573 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus belongs to the virus family Flaviviridae. Dengue hemorrhagic disease caused by dengue virus is a public health
problem worldwide. The viral non structural 2B and 3 (NS2B-NS3) protease complex is crucial for virus replication and hence, it is
considered to be a good anti-viral target. Leaf extracts from Carica papaya is generally prescribed for patients with dengue fever, but
there are no scientific evidences for its anti-dengue activity; hence we intended to investigate the anti-viral activity of compounds
present in the leaves of Carica papaya against dengue 2 virus (DENV-2). We analysed the anti-dengue activities of the extracts from
Carica papaya by using bioinformatics tools. Interestingly, we find the flavonoid quercetin with highest binding energy against
NS2B-NS3 protease which is evident by the formation of six hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues at the binding site of the
receptor. Our results suggest that the flavonoids from Carica papaya have significant anti-dengue activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban Senthilvel
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Arthropod borne flaviviral diseases are a major public health concern in the tropics. However, the majority of cases are associated with Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus (YFV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections. Despite their profound clinical and economic impact among large sections of the population there is a lack of effective treatment against these diseases. A large number of plants are available in nature, which may act as a source for lead molecules against various diseases including arthropod borne flaviviral infections. In this review we discuss various crude extracts as well as purified compounds from natural sources with promising anti-DENV, YFV, WNV and CHIKV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abubakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi - 835215, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata –700032, India
| | - Sugato Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi - 835215, India
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73
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Abd Kadir SL, Yaakob H, Mohamed Zulkifli R. Potential anti-dengue medicinal plants: a review. J Nat Med 2013; 67:677-89. [PMID: 23591999 PMCID: PMC3765846 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-013-0767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever causes mortality and morbidity around the world, specifically in the Tropics and subtropic regions, which has been of major concern to governments and the World Health Organization (WHO). As a consequence, the search for new anti-dengue agents from medicinal plants has assumed more urgency than in the past. Medicinal plants have been used widely to treat a variety of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand for plant-based medicines is growing as they are generally considered to be safer, non-toxic and less harmful than synthetic drugs. This article reviews potential anti-dengue activities from plants distributed around the world. Sixty-nine studies from 1997 to 2012 describe 31 different species from 24 families that are known for their anti-dengue activities. About ten phytochemicals have been isolated from 11 species, among which are compounds with the potential for development of dengue treatment. Crude extracts and essential oils obtained from 31 species showed a broad activity against Flavivirus. Current studies show that natural products represent a rich potential source of new anti-dengue compounds. Further ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigations are needed established the potential of identified species in contributing to dengue control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Latifah Abd Kadir
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Razauden Mohamed Zulkifli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
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Antiviral Protein of Momordica charantia L. Inhibits Different Subtypes of Influenza A. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:729081. [PMID: 23935676 PMCID: PMC3722788 DOI: 10.1155/2013/729081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The new antiviral activity of the protein extracted from Momordica charantia was determined with different subtypes of influenza A. The protein was purified from the seed of M. charantia using an anion exchanger and a Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) system. At the concentration of 1.401 mg/mL, the protein did not exhibit cytotoxicity in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) but inhibited 1 × 10(5) FFU influenza A/PR/8/34 H1N1 virus at 56.50%, 65.72%, and 100% inhibition by the protein treated before the virus (pretreated), the protein treated alongside with the virus (simultaneously treated), and the protein treated after the virus (posttreated) during incubation, respectively. Using 5, 25, and 100 TCID50 of influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 H1N1, A/Fujian/411/01 H3N2 and A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004 H5N1, the IC50 was calculated to be 100, 150, and 200; 75, 175, and 300; and 40, 75, and 200 μ g/mL, respectively. Our present finding indicated that the plant protein inhibited not only H1N1 and H3N2 but also H5N1 subtype. As a result of the broad spectrum of its antiviral activity, this edible plant can be developed as an effective therapeutic agent against various and even new emerging subtypes of influenza A.
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75
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Functional food ingredients for the management of obesity and associated co-morbidities – A review. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Zandi K, Lim TH, Rahim NA, Shu MH, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Danlami MB, Tan KK, Abubakar S. Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibits dengue virus replication. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:91. [PMID: 23627436 PMCID: PMC3655864 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs that have been shown to possess many health benefits. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of aqueous extract of the roots of S. baicalensis against all the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. METHODS Aqueous extract of S. baicalensis was prepared by microwave energy steam evaporation method (MEGHE™), and the anti-dengue virus replication activity was evaluated using the foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA) in Vero cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to determine the actual dengue virus RNA copy number. The presence of baicalein, a flavonoid known to inhibit dengue virus replication was determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS The IC(50) values for the S. baicalensis extract on Vero cells following DENV adsorption ranged from 86.59 to 95.19 μg/mL for the different DENV serotypes. The IC(50) values decreased to 56.02 to 77.41 μg/mL when cells were treated with the extract at the time of virus adsorption for the different DENV serotypes. The extract showed potent direct virucidal activity against extracellular infectious virus particles with IC(50) that ranged from 74.33 to 95.83 μg/mL for all DENV serotypes. Weak prophylactic effects with IC(50) values that ranged from 269.9 to 369.8 μg/mL were noticed when the cells were pre-treated 2 hours prior to virus inoculation. The concentration of baicalein in the S. baicalensis extract was ~1% (1.03 μg/gm dried extract). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the in vitro anti-dengue virus replication property of S. baicalensis against all the four DENV serotypes investigated. The extract reduced DENV infectivity and replication in Vero cells. The extract was rich in baicalein, and could be considered for potential development of anti-DENV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Zandi
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tong-Hye Lim
- Herbitec Sendirian Berhad, G-3-7, Plaza Damas Jalan Sri Hartamas, Sri Hartamas, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Aziyah Rahim
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meng-Hooi Shu
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Teong Teoh
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Sin Sam
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed-Bashar Danlami
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology of Andrographis paniculata and Its Major Bioactive Phytoconstituent Andrographolide. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:846740. [PMID: 23634174 PMCID: PMC3619690 DOI: 10.1155/2013/846740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Nees, generally known as “king of bitters,” is an herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae. In China, India, Thailand, and Malaysia, this plant has been widely used for treating sore throat, flu, and upper respiratory tract infections. Andrographolide, a major bioactive chemical constituent of the plant, has shown anticancer potential in various investigations. Andrographolide and its derivatives have anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models asthma, stroke, and arthritis. In recent years, pharmaceutical chemists have synthesized numerous andrographolide derivatives, which exhibit essential pharmacological activities such as those that are anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, antifeedant, and antiviral. However, what is noteworthy about this paper is summarizing the effects of andrographolide against cardiovascular disease, platelet activation, infertility, and NF-κB activation. Therefore, this paper is intended to provide evidence reported in relevant literature on qualitative research to assist scientists in isolating and characterizing bioactive compounds.
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Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa MR, AbuBakar S. Novel antiviral activity of baicalein against dengue virus. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:214. [PMID: 23140177 PMCID: PMC3528482 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a serious arboviral disease currently with no effective antiviral therapy or approved vaccine available. Therefore, finding the effective compound against dengue virus (DENV) replication is very important. Among the natural compounds, bioflavonoids derived mainly from plants are of interest because of their biological and medicinal benefits. METHODS In the present study, antiviral activity of a bioflavonoid, baicalein, was evaluated against different stages of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) replication in Vero cells using focus forming unit reduction assay and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Baicalein inhibited DENV-2 replication in Vero cells with IC50= 6.46 μg/mL and SI= 17.8 when added after adsorption to the cells. The IC50 against DENV-2 was 5.39 μg/mL and SI= 21.3 when cells were treated 5 hours before virus infection and continuously up to 4 days post infection. Baicalein exhibited direct virucidal effect against DENV-2 with IC 50= 1.55 μg/mL and showed anti-adsorption effect with IC50 = 7.14 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Findings presented here suggest that baicalein exerts potent antiviral activity against DENV. Baicalein possesses direct virucidal activity against DENV besides its effects against dengue virus adsorption and intracellular replication of DENV-2. Baicalein, hence, should be considered for in vivo evaluation in the development of an effective antiviral compound against DENV.
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A brief review on dengue molecular virology, diagnosis, treatment and prevalence in Pakistan. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2012; 10:6. [PMID: 22929369 PMCID: PMC3478998 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection is a serious health problem infecting 2.5 billion people worldwide. Dengue is now endemic in more than 100 countries, including Pakistan. Each year hundreds of people get infected with dengue in Pakistan. Currently, there is no vaccine available for the prevention of Dengue virus infection due to four viral serotypes. Dengue infection can cause death of patients in its most severity, meanwhile many antiviral compounds are being tested against dengue virus infection to eradicate this disease but still there is a need to develop an efficient, low-cost and safe vaccine that can target all the four serotypes of dengue virus. This review summarizes dengue molecular virology, important drug targets, prevalence in Pakistan, diagnosis, treatment and medicinal plant inhibitors against dengue.
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