51
|
Vella LJ, Andrews MC, Behren A, Cebon J, Woods K. Immune consequences of kinase inhibitors in development, undergoing clinical trials and in current use in melanoma treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1107-23. [PMID: 24939732 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.929943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic malignant melanoma is a frequently fatal cancer. In recent years substantial therapeutic progress has occurred with the development of targeted kinase inhibitors and immunotherapeutics. Targeted therapies often result in rapid clinical benefit however responses are seldom durable. Immune therapies can result in durable disease control but responses may not be immediate. Optimal cancer therapy requires both rapid and durable cancer control and this can likely best be achieved by combining targeted therapies with immunotherapeutics. To achieve this, a detailed understanding of the immune consequences of the various kinase inhibitors, in development, clinical trial and currently used to treat melanoma is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Vella
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immuno-biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Mohit E, Hashemi A, Allahyari M. Breast cancer immunotherapy: monoclonal antibodies and peptide-based vaccines. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:927-61. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.916211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
53
|
Zhang W, Sun YL, Chen DH. Effects of chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge on the blood parameters of mice. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2269-81. [PMID: 24727395 PMCID: PMC4012435 DOI: 10.3390/md12042269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge (CTSH sponge), a new biomedical material, was extensively studied for its beneficial biological properties of hemostasis and stimulation of healing. However, studies examining the safety of CTSH sponge in the blood system are lacking. This experiment aimed to examine whether CTSH sponge has negative effect on blood systems of mice, which were treated with a dosage of CTSH sponge (135 mg/kg) through a laparotomy. CTSH sponge was implanted into the abdominal subcutaneous and a laparotomy was used for blood sampling from abdominal aortic. Several kinds of blood parameters were detected at different time points, which were reflected by coagulation parameters including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet factor 4 (PF4); anticoagulation parameter including antithrombin III (AT-III); fibrinolytic parameters including plasminogen (PLG), fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer; hemorheology parameters including blood viscosity (BV) and plasma viscosity (PV). Results showed that CTSH sponge has no significant effect on the blood parameters of mice. The data suggested that CTSH sponge can be applied in the field of biomedical materials and has potential possibility to be developed into clinical drugs of hemostatic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Zhanjiang Normal University, Round Beibu Gulf Institute for the Protection and Utilization of Marine Animals in Medicine, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Yu-Lin Sun
- Zhanjiang Normal University, Round Beibu Gulf Institute for the Protection and Utilization of Marine Animals in Medicine, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Dao-Hai Chen
- Zhanjiang Normal University, Round Beibu Gulf Institute for the Protection and Utilization of Marine Animals in Medicine, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Jiang X, Shapiro DJ. The immune system and inflammation in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:673-682. [PMID: 23791814 PMCID: PMC4919022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During different stages of tumor development the immune system can either identify and destroy tumors, or promote their growth. Therapies targeting the immune system have emerged as a promising treatment modality for breast cancer, and immunotherapeutic strategies are being examined in preclinical and clinical models. However, our understanding of the complex interplay between cells of the immune system and breast cancer cells is incomplete. In this article, we review recent findings showing how the immune system plays dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles in breast cancer initiation and progression. We then discuss estrogen receptor α (ERα)-dependent and ERα-independent mechanisms that shield breast cancers from immunosurveillance and enable breast cancer cells to evade immune cell induced apoptosis and produce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss protumorigenic inflammation that is induced during tumor progression and therapy, and how inflammation promotes more aggressive phenotypes in ERα positive breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - David J Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Baxevanis CN, Voutsas IF, Tsitsilonis OE. Toll-like receptor agonists: current status and future perspective on their utility as adjuvants in improving anticancer vaccination strategies. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:497-511. [PMID: 23638745 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists possess remarkable properties, particularly with regard to dendritic cell activation, promoting Th1-type cytokine production and optimizing cytotoxic T-cell responses. Preclinical and clinical studies conducted to date show that TLR agonists can improve currently applied anticancer vaccination protocols. Although these have resulted in the US FDA approval of three TLR agonists for use in humans, their abundant application encounters limitations, principally due to dose-limiting toxicity evoking from systemic cytokine production. Here, using selected examples of clinical studies, we provide a concise review regarding the knowledge acquired thus far on the adjuvant use of TLR agonists as cancer vaccine components. We also provide evidence on the exploitation of a novel TLR agonist, prothymosin-α, which enhances the efficacy of tumor-reactive effectors without causing severe adverse effects.
Collapse
|
56
|
Shirota H, Klinman DM. Recent progress concerning CpG DNA and its use as a vaccine adjuvant. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 13:299-312. [PMID: 24308579 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.863715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides designed to specifically agonize Toll-like receptor 9. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the mechanism of action of CpG ODN and provide an overview of human clinical trial results using CpG ODN to improve the vaccines for cancer, allergy and infectious disease.
Collapse
|
57
|
Aranda F, Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26621. [PMID: 24498550 PMCID: PMC3902120 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the past 3 decades, along with the recognition that the immune system not only influences oncogenesis and tumor progression, but also determines how established neoplastic lesions respond therapy, renovated enthusiasm has gathered around the possibility of using vaccines as anticancer agents. Such an enthusiasm quickly tempered when it became clear that anticancer vaccines would have to be devised as therapeutic, rather than prophylactic, measures, and that malignant cells often fail to elicit (or actively suppress) innate and adaptive immune responses. Nonetheless, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of anticancer vaccines, including cell-based, DNA-based, and purified component-based preparations, are capable of circumventing the poorly immunogenic and highly immunosuppressive nature of most tumors and elicit (at least under some circumstances) therapeutically relevant immune responses. Great efforts are currently being devoted to the identification of strategies that may provide anticancer vaccines with the capacity of breaking immunological tolerance and eliciting tumor-associated antigen-specific immunity in a majority of patients. In this sense, promising results have been obtained by combining anticancer vaccines with a relatively varied panels of adjuvants, including multiple immunostimulatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor agonists as well as inhibitors of immune checkpoints. One year ago, in the December issue of OncoImmunology, we discussed the biological mechanisms that underlie the antineoplastic effects of peptide-based vaccines and presented an abundant literature demonstrating the prominent clinical potential of such an approach. Here, we review the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on high-profile studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to evaluate purified peptides or full-length proteins as therapeutic anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Aranda
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | | | - Jerome Galon
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 15, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI; Paris, France ; INSERM, U872; Paris, France ; Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U970; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Pôle de Biologie; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou; AP-HP; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Lique Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Luis M, Tavares A, Carvalho LS, Lara-Santos L, Araújo A, Mello RAD. Personalizing therapies for gastric cancer: molecular mechanisms and novel targeted therapies. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:6383-97. [PMID: 24151357 PMCID: PMC3801309 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i38.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, gastric cancer is the 4(th) most frequently diagnosed cancer and the 2(nd) leading cause of death from cancer, with an estimated 990000 new cases and 738000 deaths registered in 2008. In the advanced setting, standard chemotherapies protocols acquired an important role since last decades in prolong survival. Moreover, recent advances in molecular therapies provided a new interesting weapon to treat advanced gastric cancer through anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies. Trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, was the first target drug in the metastatic setting that showed benefit in overall survival when in association with platinum-5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. Further, HER2 overexpression analysis acquired a main role in predict response for trastuzumab in this field. Thus, we conducted a review that will discuss the main points concerning trastuzumab and HER2 in gastric cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanisms and novel trials involved.
Collapse
|
59
|
Suckow MA. Cancer vaccines: harnessing the potential of anti-tumor immunity. Vet J 2013; 198:28-33. [PMID: 23850019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the presence of cancer suggests failure of the immune system to protect against development of tumors, the possibility that immunity can be redirected and focused to generate an anti-tumor response offers great translational possibility. The key to this is identifying antigens likely to be present in any given tumor and functionally critical to tumor survival and growth. Such tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are varied and optimally should be absent from normal tissue. Of particular interest are TAAs associated with the tumor stroma, as immunity directed against the stroma may restrict the ability of the tumor to grow and metastasize. Important to directing the immune system toward an effect anti-tumor response is the understanding of how TAAs are processed and how the tumor is able to evade immune elimination. The process of immunoediting happens in response to the selective pressure that the immune system places upon tumor cell populations and allows for emergence of tumor cells capable of escaping immune destruction. Efforts to harness the immune system for clinical application has been aided by vaccines based on purified recombinant protein or nucleic acid TAAs. For example, a vaccine for canine melanoma has been developed and approved based on immunization with DNA components of tyrosinase, a glycoprotein essential to melanin synthesis. The performance of cancer vaccines has been aided in some cases when supplemented with immunostimulatory molecules such as interleukin 2 or a novel extracellular matrix vaccine adjuvant. Vaccines with the broadest menu of antigenic targets may be those most likely to succeed against cancer. For this reason, tissue vaccines produced from harvested tumor material may offer significant benefit. With several cancer vaccines on the veterinary and human markets, efforts to understand basic tumor immunology are soon to yield great dividends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Suckow
- 400 Freimann Life Science Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Milani A, Sangiolo D, Montemurro F, Aglietta M, Valabrega G. Active immunotherapy in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer: current status and future perspectives. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1740-1748. [PMID: 23585514 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has improved the clinical outcome of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers (BCs). Unfortunately, often these tumors tend to relapse and, when metastatic, the duration of clinical benefit is limited over time and almost invariably followed by tumor progression. Alternative approaches to this essentially passive immunotherapy are therefore needed in HER2-overexpressing BC patients. As HER2 is one of the most suitable targets for active immunotherapy in BC, manipulating the immune system is a highly attractive approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS A computer-based literature search was carried out using PubMed (keywords: breast neoplasm, HER2 vaccine, immunology); data reported at international meetings were included. RESULTS This review provides a focus on the following active vaccinal approaches under clinical investigation against HER2-overexpressing BC: (i) peptide and protein based; (ii) DNA based; (iii) whole tumor cell based; (iv) dendritic cell based. Moreover, the review discuss future challenges in the field, trying to define the best setting for the development of this innovative strategy, considering both immunological and clinical aspects of HER2 targeting. CONCLUSIONS Development of effective vaccines for BC remains a distinct challenge but is likely to become a substantial advance for patients with HER2-overexpressing BCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Milani
- Medical Oncology I, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC) Candiolo FPO (Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia); Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo
| | - D Sangiolo
- Medical Oncology I, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC) Candiolo FPO (Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia); Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo
| | - F Montemurro
- Medical Oncology I, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC) Candiolo FPO (Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia); Investigative Clinical Oncology Unit (INCO), Candiolo, Italy
| | - M Aglietta
- Medical Oncology I, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC) Candiolo FPO (Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia); Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo
| | - G Valabrega
- Medical Oncology I, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC) Candiolo FPO (Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia); Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Sautès-Fridman C, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25238. [PMID: 24083080 PMCID: PMC3782517 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have long been known for their ability to initiate innate immune responses upon exposure to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA. More recently, this family of pattern recognition receptors has been attributed a critical role in the elicitation of anticancer immune responses, raising interest in the development of immunochemotherapeutic regimens based on natural or synthetic TLR agonists. In spite of such an intense wave of preclinical and clinical investigation, only three TLR agonists are currently licensed by FDA for use in cancer patients: bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that operates as a mixed TLR2/TLR4 agonist; monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of Salmonella minnesota that functions as a potent agonist of TLR4; and imiquimod, a synthetic imidazoquinoline that activates TLR7. One year ago, in the August and September issues of OncoImmunology, we described the main biological features of TLRs and discussed the progress of clinical studies evaluating the safety and therapeutic potential of TLR agonists in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on preclinical studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate the antineoplastic activity of TLR agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Vatsan RS, Bross PF, Liu K, Theoret M, De Claro AR, Lu J, Helms W, Niland B, Husain SR, Puri RK. Regulation of immunotherapeutic products for cancer and FDA's role in product development and clinical evaluation. J Immunother Cancer 2013; 1:5. [PMID: 24764535 PMCID: PMC3986979 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutics include drugs and biologics that render therapeutic benefit by harnessing the power of the immune system. The promise of immune-mediated therapies is target specificity with a consequent reduction in off-target side effects. Recent scientific advances have led to clinical trials of both active and passive immunotherapeutic products that have the potential to convert life-ending diseases into chronic but manageable conditions. Clinical trials investigating immunotherapeutics are ongoing with some trials at advanced stages of development. However, as with many products involving novel mechanisms of action, major regulatory and scientific issues arising with clinical use of immunotherapeutic products remain to be addressed. In this review, we address issues related to different immunotherapeutics and provide recommendations for the characterization and evaluation of these products during various stages of product and clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramjay S Vatsan
- Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies (OCTGT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Peter F Bross
- Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies (OCTGT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ke Liu
- Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies (OCTGT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marc Theoret
- Office of Hematology and Oncology Products (OHOP), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Angelo R De Claro
- Office of Hematology and Oncology Products (OHOP), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies (OCTGT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Whitney Helms
- Office of Hematology and Oncology Products (OHOP), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Brian Niland
- Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies (OCTGT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Syed R Husain
- Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies (OCTGT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Office of Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies (OCTGT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Rockville, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Hamilton E, Blackwell K, Hobeika AC, Clay TM, Broadwater G, Ren XR, Chen W, Castro H, Lehmann F, Spector N, Wei J, Osada T, Lyerly HK, Morse MA. Correction: phase 1 clinical trial of HER2-specific immunotherapy with concomitant HER2 kinase inhibtion. J Transl Med 2013. [PMCID: PMC3618320 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amy C Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Xiu-Rong Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Neil Spector
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Morse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Arlen PM. Prostate cancer vaccines: an old yet novel target, the androgen receptor. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:249-51. [PMID: 23496664 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been utilized as a therapeutic modality to treat prostate cancer in clinical studies for several decades. Recently with the approval of sipuleucel-T, vaccines have now been accepted as standard therapy for this disease. The androgen receptorhas long been recognized as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with locally advanced as well as metastatic disease. Recent preclinical studies described by Olson et al. have focused on the androgen receptor as a target for prostate cancer immunotherapy. They have developed and tested a DNA vaccine targeting the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor and have demonstrated in animal studies the ability to elicit T-cell responses towards the vaccine that have resulted in both antitumor activity as well as increased survival in the animal models described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Arlen
- Precision Biologics, Inc., 9700 Great Seneca Hwy, Suite 321, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Vaccination for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer with special focus on Her-2/neu peptide vaccines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:1-12. [PMID: 23340862 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunologic interventions in a subset of breast cancer patients represent a well-established therapeutic approach reflecting individualized treatment modalities. Thus, the therapeutic administration of monoclonal antibodies targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAA), such as Her-2/neu, represents a milestone in cancer treatment. However, passive antibody administration suffers from several drawbacks, including frequency and long duration of treatment. These undesirables may be avoidable in an approach based on generating active immune responses against these same targets. Only recently has the significance of tumors in relation to their microenvironments been understood as essential for creating an effective cancer vaccine. In particular, the immune system plays an important role in suppressing or promoting tumor formation and growth. Therefore, activation of appropriate triggers (such as induction of Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, and suppression of regulatory cells in combination with generation of antibodies with anti-tumor activity) is a desirable goal. Current vaccination approaches have concentrated on therapeutic vaccines using certain TAA. Many cancer antigens, including breast cancer antigens, have been described and also given priority ranking for use as vaccine antigens by the US National Cancer Institute. One of the TAA antigens which has been thoroughly examined in numerous trials is Her-2/neu. This review will discuss delivery systems for this antigen with special focus on T and B cell peptide vaccines. Attention will be given to their advantages and limitations, as well as the use of certain adjuvants to improve anti-cancer responses.
Collapse
|
66
|
Emens LA. Breast cancer immunobiology driving immunotherapy: vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 12:1597-611. [PMID: 23253225 PMCID: PMC3587160 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is immunogenic, and infiltrating immune cells in primary breast tumors convey important clinical prognostic and predictive information. Furthermore, the immune system is critically involved in clinical responses to some standard cancer therapies. Early breast cancer vaccine trials have established the safety and bioactivity of breast cancer immunotherapy, with hints of clinical activity. Novel strategies for modulating regulators of immunity, including regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immune checkpoint pathways (monoclonal antibodies specific for the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 or programmed death), are now available. In particular, immune checkpoint blockade has enormous therapeutic potential. Integrative breast cancer immunotherapies that strategically combine established breast cancer therapies with breast cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint blockade or both should result in durable clinical responses and increased cures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisha A Emens
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 409, Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Albrecht H. Concurrent HER2 vaccination and inhibition of kinase activity: safety and immunogenicity. Immunotherapy 2012; 4:671-4. [PMID: 22853752 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy with the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and tyrosine kinase activity inhibition with lapatinib are HER2-targeted therapies used in the clinic for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. Unfortunately, the therapeutic efficacy of both these therapies is abolished by primary and acquired tumor resistance. Active immunotherapy against HER2, which, thanks to trastuzumab, is a clinically validated tumor-associated antigen, might provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for HER2-overexpressing breast cancers. This Phase I study of HER2 immunotherapy with concomitant lapatinib treatment in 12 patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab demonstrates the feasibility and safety of concurrent vaccination against HER2 and inhibition of HER1 and HER2 kinases. However, it is inconclusive regarding the effect of lapatinib on the immune responses induced by dHER2/AS15; vaccination triggered variable levels of anti-HER2 antibodies in all the patients, but a HER2-specific T-cell response was detected in one patient only. Since the presence of Tregs in these patients was not assessed, it remains unclear whether lapatinib and/or Tregs account for the near absence of a T-cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huguette Albrecht
- University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Tsai YC, Yeh CH, Tzen KY, Ho PY, Tuan TF, Pu YS, Cheng AL, Cheng JCH. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 signalling pathway by a dual receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor afatinib for radiosensitisation in murine bladder carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012; 49:1458-66. [PMID: 23153706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the promising control of bladder cancer achieved by combined chemotherapy/radiotherapy with selective transurethral resection, obstacles remain to the treatment of unresectable bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) can radiosensitise a murine bladder tumour (MBT-2) cell line. Cell survival, expression of signal proteins and cell cycle changes in MBT-2 cells treated in vitro and in vivo with afatinib, an irreversible EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, plus radiotherapy were investigated by colony formation assay, Western blot assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Ectopic xenografts were established by subcutaneous injection of MBT-2 cells in C3H/HeN mice. Mice were randomised into 4 groups to receive afatinib (10mg/kg/day on day 1-7) and/or radiotherapy (15Gy on day 4). Positron emission tomography (PET) on day 8 was used to evaluate the early treatment response. Afatinib (200-1000nM) increased cell killing by radiation (0-10Gy). Pre-treatment of irradiated cells with afatinib inhibited radiation-activated HER2 and EGFR phosphorylation. As compared to either treatment alone, the combination increased the level of the cleavage form of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, the expression of phospho-γH2AX and the percentage of cells in subG1 phase (indicating enhanced induction of apoptosis), and decreased tumour metabolism and inhibited tumour growth by 64%. Afatinib has therapeutic value as a radiosensitiser of murine bladder cancer cells. The synergism between afatinib and radiation likely enhances DNA damage, leading to increased cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ren XR, Wei J, Lei G, Wang J, Lu J, Xia W, Spector N, Barak LS, Clay TM, Osada T, Hamilton E, Blackwell K, Hobeika AC, Morse MA, Lyerly HK, Chen W. Polyclonal HER2-specific antibodies induced by vaccination mediate receptor internalization and degradation in tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R89. [PMID: 22676470 PMCID: PMC3446352 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sustained HER2 signaling at the cell surface is an oncogenic mechanism in a significant proportion of breast cancers. While clinically effective therapies targeting HER2 such as mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors exist, tumors overexpressing HER2 eventually progress despite treatment. Thus, abrogation of persistent HER2 expression at the plasma membrane to synergize with current approaches may represent a novel therapeutic strategy. Methods We generated polyclonal anti-HER2 antibodies (HER2-VIA) by vaccinating mice with an adenovirus expressing human HER2, and assessed their signaling effects in vitro and anti-tumor effects in a xenograft model. In addition, we studied the signaling effects of human HER2-specific antibodies induced by vaccinating breast cancer patients with a HER2 protein vaccine. Results HER2-VIA bound HER2 at the plasma membrane, initially activating the downstream kinases extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and Akt, but subsequently inducing receptor internalization in clathrin-coated pits in a HER2 kinase-independent manner, followed by ubiquitination and degradation of HER2 into a 130 kDa fragment phosphorylated at tyrosine residues 1,221/1,222 and 1,248. Following vaccination of breast cancer patients with the HER2 protein vaccine, HER2-specific antibodies were detectable and these antibodies bound to cell surface-expressed HER2 and inhibited HER2 signaling through blocking tyrosine 877 phosphorylation of HER2. In contrast to the murine antibodies, human anti-HER2 antibodies induced by protein vaccination did not mediate receptor internalization and degradation. Conclusion These data provide new insight into HER2 trafficking at the plasma membrane and the changes induced by polyclonal HER2-specific antibodies. The reduction of HER2 membrane expression and HER2 signaling by polyclonal antibodies induced by adenoviral HER2 vaccines supports human clinical trials with this strategy for those breast cancer patients with HER2 therapy-resistant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Rong Ren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 595 Lasalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|