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Hu JY, Yi W, Zhang MY, Xu R, Zeng LS, Long XR, Zhou XM, Zheng XFS, Kang Y, Wang HY. MicroRNA-711 is a prognostic factor for poor overall survival and has an oncogenic role in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2155-2163. [PMID: 26998141 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important in cancer development and progression. In the present study, the clinical significance and function of microRNA-711 (miR-711) expression in breast cancer were investigated. The expression level of miR-711 was analyzed in breast cancer tissue samples using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis and Transwell assays were performed in breast cancer cell lines transfected with miR-711 mimics or inhibitors, or control sequence. miR-711 was found to be upregulated in 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue samples compared with paired non-cancerous breast tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, a higher miR-711 expression was demonstrated to be associated with poor overall and disease-free survival times in 161 breast cancer patients, and miR-711 was identified as an independent prognostic factor using multivariate Cox regression analysis. In vitro, overexpression of miR-711 resulted in a significant increase in proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. By contrast, downregulating miR-711 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion and enhanced the rate of apoptosis of breast cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that miR-711 is an independent prognostic factor and serves an important oncogenic function in breast cancer, suggesting that miR-711 is a potential biomarker of prognosis and a molecular therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ye Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Guiyan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Li-Si Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Steven Zheng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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Zheng Y, Murphy LC. Regulation of steroid hormone receptors and coregulators during the cell cycle highlights potential novel function in addition to roles as transcription factors. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SIGNALING 2016; 14:e001. [PMID: 26778927 PMCID: PMC4714463 DOI: 10.1621/nrs.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is tightly controlled by several kinase families including Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, Polo-Like Kinases, and Aurora Kinases. A large amount of data show that steroid hormone receptors and various components of the cell cycle, including cell cycle regulated kinases, interact, and this often results in altered transcriptional activity of the receptor. Furthermore, steroid hormones, through their receptors, can also regulate the transcriptional expression of genes that are required for cell cycle regulation. However, emerging data suggest that steroid hormone receptors may have roles in cell cycle progression independent of their transcriptional activity. The following is a review of how steroid receptors and their coregulators can regulate or be regulated by the cell cycle machinery, with a particular focus on roles independent of transcription in G2/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (YZ, LCM), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology (YZ, LCM), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Leigh C Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (YZ, LCM), University of Manitoba; Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology (YZ, LCM), CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Alarmo EL, Havunen R, Häyrynen S, Penkki S, Ketolainen J, Nykter M, Kallioniemi A. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNA expression in breast cancer cell lines in diverse fashion. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:227-36. [PMID: 26684238 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is a remarkably powerful inhibitor of breast cancer cell proliferation, but it is also able to induce breast cancer cell migration in certain cellular contexts. Previous data demonstrate that BMP4 controls the transcription of a variety of protein-coding genes, but not much is known about microRNAs (miRNA) regulated by BMP4. To address this question, miRNA expression profiles following BMP4 treatment were determined in one mammary epithelial and seven breast cancer cell lines using microarrays. While the analysis revealed an extensive variation in differentially expressed miRNA across cell lines, four miRNAs (miR-16-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-23b-3p) were commonly induced in a subset of breast cancer cells upon BMP4 treatment. Inhibition of their expression demonstrated an increase in BT-474 cell number, indicating that they possess tumor suppressive properties. However, with the exception of miR-106b-5p, these effects were independent of BMP4 treatment. Scratch assay with miR-16-5p and miR-106b-5p inhibitors on BMP4-treated MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in enhanced cell migration, suggesting that these miRNAs are engaged in BMP4-induced motility. Taken together, we have for the first time characterized the BMP4-induced miRNA expression profiles in breast cancer cell lines, showing that induced miRNAs contribute to the fine-tuning of proliferation and migration phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Leena Alarmo
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sergei Häyrynen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Penkki
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Ketolainen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
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Reconstruction of temporal activity of microRNAs from gene expression data in breast cancer cell line. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1077. [PMID: 26763900 PMCID: PMC4712512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate genes at the post-transcriptional level in spatiotemporal manner. Several miRNAs are identified as prognostic and diagnostic markers in many human cancers. Estimation of the temporal activities of the miRNAs is an important step in the way to understand the complex interactions of these important regulatory elements with transcription factors (TFs) and target genes (TGs). However, current research on miRNA activities excludes network dynamics from the studies, disregarding the important element of time in the regulatory network analysis. Results In the current study, we combined experimentally verified miRNA-TG interactions with breast cancer microarray TG expression data to identify key miRNAs and compute their temporal activity using network component analysis (NCA). The computed activities showed that miRNAs were regulated in a time dependent manner. Our results allowed constructing a synergistic network of miRNAs using the computed miRNA activities and their shared regulation of TGs. We further extended this network by incorporating miRNA-TG, miRNA-TF, TF-miRNA and TF-TG regulations in the context of breast cancer. Our integrated network identified several miRNAs known to be involved in breast cancer regulation and revealed several novel miRNAs. Our further analysis detected substantial involvement of the miRNAs miR-324, miR-93, miR-615 and miR-1 in breast cancer, which was not known previously. Next, combining our integrated networks with functional annotation of differentially expressed genes resulted in new sub-networks. These sub-networks allowed us to identify the key miRNAs and their interactions with TFs and TGs of several biological processes involved in breast cancer. The identified markers are validated for their potential as prognostic markers for breast cancer through survival analysis. Conclusions Our dynamical analysis of the miRNA interactions greatly helps to discover new network based markers, and is highly applicable (but not limited) to cancer research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2260-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Wang W, Luo YP. MicroRNAs in breast cancer: oncogene and tumor suppressors with clinical potential. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:18-31. [PMID: 25559952 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small single-stranded RNA molecules, which function as key negative regulators of post-transcriptional modulation in almost all biological processes. Abnormal expression of microRNAs has been observed in various types of cancer including breast cancer. Great efforts have been made to identify an association between microRNA expression profiles and breast cancer, and to understand the functional role and molecular mechanism of aberrant-expressed microRNAs. As research progressed, 'oncogenic microRNAs' and 'tumor suppressive microRNAs' became a focus of interest. The potential of candidate microRNAs from both intercellular (tissue) and extracellular (serum) sources for clinical diagnosis and prognosis was revealed, and treatments involving microRNA achieved some amazing curative effects in cancer disease models. In this review, advances from the most recent studies of microRNAs in one of the most common cancers, breast cancer, are highlighted, especially the functions of specifically selected microRNAs. We also assess the potential value of these microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and discuss the possible development of microRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Talari M, Kapadia B, Kain V, Seshadri S, Prajapati B, Rajput P, Misra P, Parsa KVL. MicroRNA-16 modulates macrophage polarization leading to improved insulin sensitivity in myoblasts. Biochimie 2015; 119:16-26. [PMID: 26453808 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation leads to several diseases such as insulin resistance, T2D and several types of cancers. The functional role of microRNAs in inflammation induced insulin resistance is poorly studied. MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional regulatory molecules which mediate diverse biological processes. We here show that miR-16 expression levels are down-regulated in different inflammatory conditions such as LPS/IFNγ or palmitate treated macrophages, palmitate exposed myoblasts and insulin responsive tissues of high sucrose diet induced insulin resistant rats. Importantly, forced expression of miR-16 in macrophages impaired the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-β leading to enhanced insulin stimulated glucose uptake in co-cultured skeletal myoblasts. Further, ectopic expression of miR-16 enhanced insulin stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal myoblasts via the up-regulation of GLUT4 and MEF2A, two key players involved in insulin stimulated glucose uptake. Collectively, our data highlight the important role of miR-16 in ameliorating inflammation induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Talari
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bandish Kapadia
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vasundhara Kain
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumika Prajapati
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Rajput
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Sarkhej Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore V L Parsa
- Department of Biology, Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Gharbi S, Shamsara M, Khateri S, Soroush MR, Ghorbanmehr N, Tavallaei M, Nourani MR, Mowla SJ. Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for Quantification of MicroRNAs in Serum Samples of Sulfur Mustard-Exposed Veterans. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:494-501. [PMID: 26464821 PMCID: PMC4601870 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective In spite of accumulating information about pathological aspects of sulfur
mustard (SM), the precise mechanism responsible for its effects is not well understood.
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and
prognosis. Accurate normalization using appropriate reference genes, is a critical step in
miRNA expression studies. In this study, we aimed to identify appropriate reference gene
for microRNA quantification in serum samples of SM victims.
Materials and Methods In this case and control experimental study, using quantitative
real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we evaluated the suitability of a panel
of small RNAs including SNORD38B, SNORD49A, U6, 5S rRNA, miR-423-3p, miR-191,
miR-16 and miR-103 in sera of 28 SM-exposed veterans of Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988)
and 15 matched control volunteers. Different statistical algorithms including geNorm,
Normfinder, best-keeper and comparative delta-quantification cycle (Cq) method were
employed to find the least variable reference gene.
Results miR-423-3p was identified as the most stably expressed reference gene, and miR-
103 and miR-16 ranked after that.
Conclusion We demonstrate that non-miRNA reference genes have the least stabil-
ity in serum samples and that some house-keeping miRNAs may be used as more
reliable reference genes for miRNAs in serum. In addition, using the geometric mean
of two reference genes could increase the reliability of the normalizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Gharbi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Khateri
- Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center (JMERC), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nassim Ghorbanmehr
- Departmen of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tavallaei
- Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nourani
- Chemical Injury Research Center (CIRC), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Mowla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Bakhshaiesh TO, Armat M, Shanehbandi D, Sharifi S, Baradaran B, Hejazi MS, Samadi N. Arsenic Trioxide Promotes Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity in Resistant Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rice J, Roberts H, Rai SN, Galandiuk S. Housekeeping genes for studies of plasma microRNA: A need for more precise standardization. Surgery 2015; 158:1345-51. [PMID: 26094174 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for many forms of cancer in humans; however, a fundamental concern is the lack of standardization in current data acquisition and reporting. Part of this problem lies in the use of numerous, different housekeeping genes (HKG) for the acquisition of real-time polymerase chain reaction data. This existing practice of using different HKGs generally is accepted, but reproducibility of data for comparison and validation between different laboratories calls for improvement. The need for data reproducibility standardization is crucial. An ideal plasma HKG (1) should be expressed in all samples, (2) have medium-to-high levels of expression, and (3) have consistently measurable levels of expression. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from 200-μL plasma samples via a modified miRNeasy (QIAGEN) extraction technique with yeast carrier. Total RNA purity was assessed with a Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific). The cycle threshold (Ct) was fixed at 0.03 for all samples. We investigated 10 potential HKGs based both on reports in the literature and our previous data. The potential HKGs were Let-7a, Let-7d, Let-7g, miR-16, RNU6, RNU48, miR-191, miR-223, miR-484, and miR-520d-5p. Once all samples were run for each potential HKG, the mean Ct and SD was calculated for all sample groups, allowing for comparison among HKGs. RESULTS We screened 380 miRNAs by using microfluidic array technology (Applied Biosystems) in a discovery cohort of 20 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, 10 patients each with breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), pancreatic cancer (PC), 11 patients with colorectal adenoma, and 12 controls. The mean Ct and SD was calculated for RNU6, miR-520d-5p, miR-16, miR-191, miR-223, and miR-484, which were expressed in all samples. Let-7a, Let-7d, Let-7g, and RNU48 were only expressed in 26%, 7%, 10%, and 8% of samples, respectively, and therefore were deemed to be insufficiently reliable HKGs. Only miRNAs with >50% expression were included in this statistical analysis. U6 and miR-520d-5p had the most consistent Ct as well as the least SD. The use of both RNU6 and 520d-5p as HKGs provided reliable results. CONCLUSION Among HKGs that were expressed in all samples, we suggest that RNU6 and miR-520d-5p were the best candidates for HKGs for studies of plasma miRNA because of the consistent and high Ct in all samples and a very narrow, reproducible SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rice
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Henry Roberts
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, and Biostatistics Shared Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Susan Galandiuk
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, Hiram C. Polk Jr., M.D. Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.
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Cordo Russo RI, Béguelin W, Díaz Flaqué MC, Proietti CJ, Venturutti L, Galigniana N, Tkach M, Guzmán P, Roa JC, O'Brien NA, Charreau EH, Schillaci R, Elizalde PV. Targeting ErbB-2 nuclear localization and function inhibits breast cancer growth and overcomes trastuzumab resistance. Oncogene 2015; 34:3413-28. [PMID: 25174405 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane overexpression of ErbB-2/HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase (membrane ErbB-2 (MErbB-2)) has a critical role in breast cancer (BC). We and others have also shown the role of nuclear ErbB-2 (NErbB-2) in BC, whose presence we identified as a poor prognostic factor in MErbB-2-positive tumors. Current anti-ErbB-2 therapies, as with the antibody trastuzumab (Ttzm), target only MErbB-2. Here, we found that blockade of NErbB-2 action abrogates growth of BC cells, sensitive and resistant to Ttzm, in a scenario in which ErbB-2, ErbB-3 and Akt are phosphorylated, and ErbB-2/ErbB-3 dimers are formed. Also, inhibition of NErbB-2 presence suppresses growth of a preclinical BC model resistant to Ttzm. We showed that at the cyclin D1 promoter, ErbB-2 assembles a transcriptional complex with Stat3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and ErbB-3, another member of the ErbB family, which reveals the first nuclear function of ErbB-2/ErbB-3 dimer. We identified NErbB-2 as the major proliferation driver in Ttzm-resistant BC, and demonstrated that Ttzm inability to disrupt the Stat3/ErbB-2/ErbB-3 complex underlies its failure to inhibit growth. Furthermore, our results in the clinic revealed that nuclear interaction between ErbB-2 and Stat3 correlates with poor overall survival in primary breast tumors. Our findings challenge the paradigm of anti-ErbB-2 drug design and highlight NErbB-2 as a novel target to overcome Ttzm resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Genes, Dominant/physiology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutant Proteins/pharmacology
- Mutant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Protein Isoforms/pharmacology
- Protein Isoforms/therapeutic use
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/physiology
- Trastuzumab
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Cordo Russo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - W Béguelin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Díaz Flaqué
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C J Proietti
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Venturutti
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Galigniana
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Tkach
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Guzmán
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - J C Roa
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - N A O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E H Charreau
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Schillaci
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P V Elizalde
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wiebe JP, Rivas MA, Mercogliano MF, Elizalde PV, Schillaci R. Progesterone-induced stimulation of mammary tumorigenesis is due to the progesterone metabolite, 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5αP) and can be suppressed by the 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 149:27-34. [PMID: 25595041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone has long been linked to breast cancer but its actual role as a cancer promoter has remained in dispute. Previous in vitro studies have shown that progesterone is converted to 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5αP) in breast tissue and human breast cell lines by the action of 5α-reductase, and that 5αP acts as a cancer-promoter hormone. Also studies with human breast cell lines in which the conversion of progesterone to 5αP is blocked by a 5α-reductase inhibitor, have shown that the in vitro stimulation in cell proliferation with progesterone treatments are not due to progesterone itself but to the metabolite 5αP. No similar in vivo study has been previously reported. The objective of the current studies was to determine in an in vivo mouse model if the presumptive progesterone-induced mammary tumorigenesis is due to the progesterone metabolite, 5αP. BALB/c mice were challenged with C4HD murine mammary cells, which have been shown to form tumors when treated with progesterone or the progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate. Cells and mice were treated with various doses and combinations of progesterone, 5αP and/or the 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride, and the effects on cell proliferation and induction and growth of tumors were monitored. Hormone levels in serum and tumors were measured by specific RIA and ELISA tests. Proliferation of C4HD cells and induction and growth of tumors was stimulated by treatment with either progesterone or 5αP. The progesterone-induced stimulation was blocked by finasteride and reinstated by concomitant treatment with 5αP. The 5αP-induced tumors expressed high levels of ER, PR and ErbB-2. Hormone measurements showed significantly higher levels of 5αP in serum from mice with tumors than from mice without tumors, regardless of treatments, and 5αP levels were significantly higher (about 4-fold) in tumors than in respective sera, while progesterone levels did not differ between the compartments. The results indicate that the stimulation of C4HD tumor growth in BALB/c mice treated with progesterone is due to the progesterone metabolite 5αP formed at elevated levels in mammary cells as a result of the 5α-reductase action on progesterone. The results provide the first in vivo demonstration that stimulation of breast cell tumorigenesis and tumor growth accompanying progesterone treatment is due to the progesterone metabolite 5αP, and that breast tumorigenesis can be blocked with the 5α-reductase inhibitor, finasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Wiebe
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Martin A Rivas
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares de Carcinogénesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Mercogliano
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares de Carcinogénesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Elizalde
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares de Carcinogénesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares de Carcinogénesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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63
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Shin VY, Siu JM, Cheuk I, Ng EKO, Kwong A. Circulating cell-free miRNAs as biomarker for triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1751-9. [PMID: 25906045 PMCID: PMC4647231 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15–20% of all breast cancer in women globally. This subtype often has early and high recurrence rates resulting in poor survival, partially due to lack of targeted therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify TNBC-specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring, and to develop more effective targeted therapy. Methods: By using miRCURY LNA array platform, we compared the differential miRNA expressions in plasma of patient with TNBC (n=5) and non-TNBC (n=5), as well as healthy controls (n=5). Potential miRNAs were then validated in a large cohort of patients by real-time PCR. Results: Ten putative miRNAs from the microarray data that differentially expressed between non-TNBC and healthy controls were identified. In the screening phase (n=90), we selected five miRNAs (miR-92a-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-16, miR-21 and miR-199a-5p) that could discriminate TNBC from non-TNBC for further validation. Results showed that miR-16, miR-21 and miR-199a-5p were underexpressed in TNBC when compared with non-TNBC, and were further validated in a large cohort (n=252). In addition, post-operative plasma levels of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-199a-5p were significantly restored when compared with pre-operative plasma of TNBC. Plasma miR-199a-5p expression in TNBC had significant difference when compared with non-TNBC and healthy controls, the receiver-operator characteristics curve analysis revealed the highest area under curve (AUC=0.8838) among all. The expression levels were associated with TNM stage and tumour subtypes. Conclusions: Our data suggest that miR-199a-5p could be a TNBC-specific marker with diagnostic value and provide insights into targeted therapy in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Y Shin
- Department of Surgery, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J M Siu
- Department of Surgery, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - I Cheuk
- Department of Surgery, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - E K O Ng
- Department of Surgery, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - A Kwong
- 1] Department of Surgery, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China [2] The Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR, China
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64
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Mavridis K, Gueugnon F, Petit-Courty A, Courty Y, Barascu A, Guyetant S, Scorilas A. The oncomiR miR-197 is a novel prognostic indicator for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1527-35. [PMID: 25867273 PMCID: PMC4453672 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNA expression signatures can promote personalised care for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our aim was to evaluate the previously unexplored prognostic potential of miR-197, a key oncogenic molecule for NSCLC. Methods: Total RNA isolation (n=124 NSCLC and n=21 tumour-adjacent normal tissues), was performed using the QIAsymphony SP workstation. The quantity and quality of RNA were assessed by spectrophotometric analysis and an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer. Polyadenylation and reverse transcription were subsequently carried out. MiR-197 expression levels were measured by qPCR, after quality control (inter-assay CV=7.8%). Internal validation procedures were followed by assigning training and test sets and robust biostatistical analyses were performed, including bootstrap resampling. Results: MiR-197 is associated with larger tumours (P=0.042) and the squamous cell carcinoma histotype (P=0.032). Interestingly, after adjusting for important prognostic indicators, miR-197 expression was identified as a novel independent predictor of unfavourable prognosis for NSCLC patients (HR=1.97, 95% CI=1.10–3.38, P=0.013). We also demonstrate that miR-197 retains its prognostic performance in both early-stage I (P=0.045) and more advanced-stage individuals (P=0.036). Conclusions: The cost-effective expression analysis of miR-197 could constitute a novel molecular tool for NSCLC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mavridis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - F Gueugnon
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - A Petit-Courty
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Y Courty
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - A Barascu
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - S Guyetant
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR1100, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - A Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
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65
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Guo X, Connick MC, Vanderhoof J, Ishak MA, Hartley RS. MicroRNA-16 modulates HuR regulation of cyclin E1 in breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7112-32. [PMID: 25830480 PMCID: PMC4425007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding protein (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are implicated in development of cancers. Although their individual roles have been studied, the crosstalk between RBPs and miRNAs is under intense investigation. Here, we show that in breast cancer cells, cyclin E1 upregulation by the RBP HuR is through specific binding to regions in the cyclin E1 mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) containing U-rich elements. Similarly, miR-16 represses cyclin E1, dependent on its cognate binding sites in the cyclin E1 3'UTR. Evidence in the literature indicates that HuR can regulate miRNA expression and recruit or dissociate RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Despite this, miR-16 and HuR do not affect the other’s expression level or binding to the cyclin E1 3'UTR. While HuR overexpression partially blocks miR-16 repression of a reporter mRNA containing the cyclin E1 3'UTR, it does not block miR-16 repression of endogenous cyclin E1 mRNA. In contrast, miR-16 blocks HuR-mediated upregulation of cyclin E1. Overall our results suggest that miR-16 can override HuR upregulation of cyclin E1 without affecting HuR expression or association with the cyclin E1 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Melanie C Connick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jennifer Vanderhoof
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Ishak
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Rebecca S Hartley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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66
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Overexpression of microRNA-16 declines cellular growth, proliferation and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:604-11. [PMID: 25672252 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a large family of small single-stranded RNA molecules found in all multicellular organisms. Early studies have been shown that miRNA are involved in cancer development and progression, and this role can be done by working as an oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, so manipulation of this molecules can be a promising approach in cancer therapy, and experimental results represented that the modification in breast cancer phenotype is possible by miRNA expression alteration. miR-16, which is located in 13q14 chromosome, plays critical roles as a tumor suppressor by targeting several oncogenes which regulate cell cycle and apoptosis. Hence, in the present study, we investigated whether miR-16 could decline growth and survival of MCF-7 cell line as model of human breast cancer. MCF-7 cell line was infected with lentiviruses containing miR-16 precursor sequence. The effects of ectopic expression of miR-16 on breast cancer phenotype were examined by cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays. miR-16 cytotoxicity effect was measured by the MTT assay. We showed that the miR-16 overexpression reduces Cyclin D1 and BCL2 at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in MCF-7 cell line. In addition, this is found that enforced expression of miR-16 decreases cell growth and proliferation and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that upregulation of miR-16 would be a potential approach for breast cancer therapy.
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67
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Chen J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ye Y, Huang Z. Formononetin promotes proliferation that involves a feedback loop of microRNA-375 and estrogen receptor alpha in estrogen receptor-positive cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:312-9. [PMID: 25663261 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Formononetin is an O-methylated isoflavone that is isolated from the root of Astragalus membranaceus, and it has antitumorigenic effects. Our previous studies found that formononetin triggered growth-inhibitory and apoptotic activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. To further investigate the potential effect of formononetin in promoting cell proliferation in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cells, we used in vivo and in vitro studies to elucidate the possible mechanism. ERα-positive cells (HUVEC, MCF-7) were treated with formononetin. The CCK8 assay, Hoechst 33258, and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis. mRNA levels of ERα, Bcl-2, and miR-375 were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. ERα, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 expression was determined using Western blot. Compared with the control, low formononetin concentrations (2-6 μM) stimulated ERα-positive cell proliferation (HUVEC, MCF-7). The more sensitive HUVEC cells were used to study the relevant signaling pathway. After treatment with formononetin, ERα, miR-375, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 expression was significantly upregulated. The proliferative effect of formononetin was also blocked by a miR-375 inhibitor or raloxifene pretreatment. Additionally, in the in vivo studies, uterine weight in ovariectomized mice treated with formononetin increased significantly, but the weight dramatically decreased with raloxifene or miR-375 inhibitor pretreatment before formononetin. This study demonstrated that formononetin promoted ERα-positive cell proliferation through miR-375 activation and this mechanism is possibly involving in a miR-375 and ERα feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Huang S, Zou X, Zhu JN, Fu YH, Lin QX, Liang YY, Deng CY, Kuang SJ, Zhang MZ, Liao YL, Zheng XL, Yu XY, Shan ZX. Attenuation of microRNA-16 derepresses the cyclins D1, D2 and E1 to provoke cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:608-19. [PMID: 25583328 PMCID: PMC4369817 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclins/retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway participates in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the endogenous small non-coding RNAs, were recognized to play significant roles in cardiac hypertrophy. But, it remains unknown whether cyclin/Rb pathway is modulated by miRNAs during cardiac hypertrophy. This study investigates the potential role of microRNA-16 (miR-16) in modulating cyclin/Rb pathway during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. An animal model of hypertrophy was established in a rat with abdominal aortic constriction (AAC), and in a mouse with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and in a mouse with subcutaneous injection of phenylephrine (PE) respectively. In addition, a cell model of hypertrophy was also achieved based on PE-promoted neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte and based on Ang-II-induced neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocyte respectively. We demonstrated that miR-16 expression was markedly decreased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in rats and mice. Overexpression of miR-16 suppressed rat cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophic phenotype of cultured cardiomyocytes, and inhibition of miR-16 induced a hypertrophic phenotype in cardiomyocytes. Expressions of cyclins D1, D2 and E1, and the phosphorylated pRb were increased in hypertrophic myocardium and hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, but could be reversed by enforced expression of miR-16. Cyclins D1, D2 and E1, not pRb, were further validated to be modulated post-transcriptionally by miR-16. In addition, the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and c-Myc were activated during myocardial hypertrophy, and inhibitions of them prevented miR-16 attenuation. Therefore, attenuation of miR-16 provoke cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via derepressing the cyclins D1, D2 and E1, and activating cyclin/Rb pathway, revealing that miR-16 might be a target to manage cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Genazzani AR, Komm BS, Pickar JH. Emerging hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:31-46. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.986093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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70
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Yahya SMM, Elsayed GH. A summary for molecular regulations of miRNAs in breast cancer. Clin Biochem 2014; 48:388-96. [PMID: 25541018 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally-occurring, non-coding small RNA molecules that can modulate protein coding-genes, which makes it contributing to nearly all the physiological and pathological processes. Progression of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapies have been attributed to the possibility of hormone-responsive miRNAs involved in the regulation of certain signaling pathways. METHODOLOGY This review introduces better understanding of miRNAs to provide promising advances for treatment. miRNAs have multiple targets, and they were found to regulate different signaling pathways; consequently it is important to characterize their mechanisms of action and their cellular targets in order to introduce miRNAs as novel and promising therapies. RESULTS This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in TGF-beta signaling, apoptosis, metastasis, cell cycle, ER-signaling, and drug resistance. CONCLUSION Finally, miRNAs will be introduced as promising molecules to be used in the fight against breast cancer and its developed drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa M M Yahya
- Hormones Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada H Elsayed
- Hormones Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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71
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Tuomarila M, Luostari K, Soini Y, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Mannermaa A. Overexpression of microRNA-200c predicts poor outcome in patients with PR-negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109508. [PMID: 25329395 PMCID: PMC4199599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. MiR-200c is a member of the miR-200 family; it is known to be dysregulated in invasive breast carcinoma. MiR-200c maintains the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibits cell migration and invasion. Recent studies showed that miR-200c regulated steroid hormone receptors, estrogen receptors (ER), and progesterone receptors (PR). The present study aimed to detect miR-200c in 172 invasive breast carcinoma cases selected from a prospective cohort enrolled in Kuopio, Eastern Finland, between 1990 and 1995. MiR-200c expression was determined with relative q-PCR, and results were compared to clinicopathological variables and patient outcome. We found that PR status combined with miR-200c expression was a significant marker of outcome. High miR-200c expression was associated with reduced survival in PR-negative cases (n = 68); low miR-200c expression indicated reduced survival in PR-positive cases (n = 86) (Cox regression: P = 0.002, OR = 3.433; and P = 0.004, OR = 4.176, respectively). In PR-negative cases, high miR-200c expression was associated with shortened relapse-free survival (Cox regression: P = 0.001, OR = 3.613); increased local/distant recurrence (Logistic regression: P = 0.006, OR = 3.965); and more frequent distant metastasis (Logistic regression: P = 0.015, OR = 3.390). We also found that high grade and low stage tumors were positively correlated with high miR-200c expression (Logistic regression for high grade tumors: P = 0.002, OR = 2.791 and for high stage tumors: P = 0.035, OR = 0.285). Our results indicated that miR-200c may play a role in invasive breast carcinoma. Furthermore, miR-200c combined with PR status provided a refined predictor of outcome. In future, a larger study is required to confirm our results. This data may provide a basis for new research target-progesterone receptor-regulated microRNAs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tuomarila
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Luostari
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang XL, Shi HJ, Wang JP, Tang HS, Wu YB, Fang ZY, Cui SZ, Wang LT. MicroRNA-218 is upregulated in gastric cancer after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11347-11355. [PMID: 25170221 PMCID: PMC4145775 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of miRNA in advanced gastric cancers (AGCs) before and after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) + hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).
METHODS: A miRNA microarray containing human mature and precursor miRNA sequences was used to compare expression profiles in serum samples of 5 patients with AGC before and after CRS + HIPEC. The upregulation of miR-218 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and its expression was analyzed in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells.
RESULTS: miRNA microarray chip analysis found that the level of miR-218 expression was upregulated more than 8 fold after CRS + HIPEC. Furthermore, miR-218 increased gastric cancer cell chemosensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and inhibited gastric cell tumor growth in nude mice in vivo (0.5 vs 0.78, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that targeting miR-218 may provide a strategy for blocking the development of gastric cancer and reverse the multi-drug resistance of gastric cell lines.
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73
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Elzein S, Goodyer CG. Regulation of human growth hormone receptor expression by microRNAs. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1448-59. [PMID: 25073105 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human GH binds to its receptor (GHR) on target cells and activates multiple intracellular pathways, leading to changes in gene expression, differentiation, and metabolism. GHR deficiency is associated with growth and metabolic disorders whereas increased GHR expression has been reported in certain cancers, suggesting that the GHR gene requires tight controls. Several regulatory mechanisms have been found within its 5'-untranslated region (UTR) promoter and coding regions. However, the 3'-UTR has not been previously examined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19-22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that downregulate gene expression mainly through targeting the 3'-UTR of mRNAs and enhancing their degradation or inhibiting translation. In the present study, we investigated whether miRNAs regulate GHR expression. To define putative miRNA binding sites in the GHR 3'-UTR, we used multiple in silico prediction tools, analyzed conservation across species and the presence of parallel sites in GH/IGF axis-related genes, and searched for reports linking miRNAs to GHR-related physiological or pathophysiological activities. To test prioritized sites, we cotransfected a wild-type GHR 3'-UTR luciferase reporter vector as well as miRNA binding site mutants into HEK293 cells with miRNA mimics. Furthermore, we tested whether the miRNAs altered endogenous GHR mRNA and protein levels in HEK293 cells and in 2 cancer cell lines (MCF7 and LNCaP). Our experiments have identified miRNA (miR)-129-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-202, and miR-16 as potent inhibitors of human GHR expression in normal (HEK293) and cancer (MCF7 and LNCaP) cells. This study paves the way for the development of miRNA inhibitors as therapeutic agents in GH/GHR-related pathophysiologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Elzein
- Departments of Experimental Medicine (S.E., C.G.G.) and Pediatrics (C.G.G.), McGill University, and Endocrine Research Laboratory (S.E., C.G.G.), Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre-Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3Z 2Z3
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Vázquez-Martínez ER, Mendoza-Garcés L, Vergara-Castañeda E, Cerbón M. Epigenetic regulation of Progesterone Receptor isoforms: from classical models to the sexual brain. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:115-24. [PMID: 24859604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone Receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which regulates several functions in both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. Progesterone Receptor gene encodes for two main isoforms, A and B, and contains two specific promoters with their respective transcription start sites. The mRNA expression of both isoforms is mainly regulated by estrogens and specifically via the Estrogen Receptor Alpha, in a context specific manner. Furthermore, it has been reported in extensive physiological and pathological models that Progesterone Receptor isoforms regulation is related to the epigenetic state of their respective promoters. Epigenetic regulation of Progesterone Receptor isoforms in the brain is a recent and scarcely explored field in neurosciences. This review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms involved in Progesterone Receptor regulation, emphasizing the implications for the sexual brain. Future directions for research about this important field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Av Universidad 3000, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, 04510, Distrito Federal, México, Mexico
| | - Luciano Mendoza-Garcés
- Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Periférico Sur 2767, San Jerónimo Lídice, Magdalena Contreras, 10200, Distrito Federal, México, Mexico
| | - Edgar Vergara-Castañeda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Av Universidad 3000, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, 04510, Distrito Federal, México, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Av Universidad 3000, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, 04510, Distrito Federal, México, Mexico.
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75
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Reconstructing the coding and non-coding RNA regulatory networks of miRNAs and mRNAs in breast cancer. Gene 2014; 548:6-13. [PMID: 24979338 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that deregulate and/or decrease the expression of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which specifically contribute to complex diseases. In our study, we reanalyzed an integrated data to promote classification performance by rebuilding miRNA-mRNA modules, in which a group of deregulated miRNAs cooperatively regulated a group of significant mRNAs. In five-fold cross validation, the multiple processes flow considered the biological and statistical significant correlations. First, of statistical significant miRNAs, 6 were identified as core miRNAs. Second, in the 13 significant pathways enriched by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), 705 deregulated mRNAs were found. Based on the union of predicted sets and correlation sets, 6 modules were built. Finally, after verified by test sets, three indexes, including area under the ROC curve (AUC), Accuracy and Matthews correlation coefficients (MCCs), indicated only 4 modules (miR-106b-CIT-KPNA2-miR-93, miR-106b-POLQ-miR-93, miR-107-BTRC-UBR3-miR-16 and miR-200c-miR-16-EIF2B5-miR-15b) had discriminated ability and their classification performance were prior to that of the single molecules. By applying this flow to different subtypes, Module 1 was the consistent module across subtypes, but some different modules were still specific to each subtype. Taken together, this method gives new insight to building modules related to complex diseases and simultaneously can give a supplement to explain the mechanism of breast cancer (BC).
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76
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Smith CL, Santen RJ, Komm B, Mirkin S. Breast-related effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators and tissue-selective estrogen complexes. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:212. [PMID: 25928299 PMCID: PMC4076629 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of available treatments provide relief of menopausal symptoms and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, as breast safety is a major concern, new options are needed, particularly agents with an improved mammary safety profile. Results from several large randomized and observational studies have shown an association between hormone therapy, particularly combined estrogen-progestin therapy, and a small increased risk of breast cancer and breast pain or tenderness. In addition, progestin-containing hormone therapy has been shown to increase mammographic breast density, which is an important risk factor for breast cancer. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) provide bone protection, are generally well tolerated, and have demonstrated reductions in breast cancer risk, but do not relieve menopausal symptoms (that is, vasomotor symptoms). Tissue-selective estrogen complexes (TSECs) pair a SERM with one or more estrogens and aim to blend the positive effects of the components to provide relief of menopausal symptoms and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis without stimulating the breast or endometrium. One TSEC combination pairing conjugated estrogens (CEs) with the SERM bazedoxifene (BZA) has completed clinical development and is now available as an alternative option for menopausal therapy. Preclinical evidence suggests that CE/BZA induces inhibitory effects on breast tissue, and phase 3 clinical studies suggest breast neutrality, with no increases seen in breast tenderness, breast density, or cancer. In non-hysterectomized postmenopausal women, CE/BZA was associated with increased bone mineral density and relief of menopausal symptoms, along with endometrial safety. Taken together, these results support the potential of CE/BZA for the relief of menopausal symptoms and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis combined with breast and endometrial safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Smith
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA .
| | - Richard J Santen
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, 450 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Fontaine Research Park, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA .
| | - Barry Komm
- Pfizer Inc, 500 Arcola Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA .
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High expression of miR-21 in triple-negative breast cancers was correlated with a poor prognosis and promoted tumor cell in vitro proliferation. Med Oncol 2014; 31:57. [PMID: 24930006 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), with a particularly poor prognosis, is increasingly recognized as heterogeneous in molecular signatures. MicroRNA expression profiles have been used for the classification and prognostication of breast cancer, numerous significantly upregulated microRNAs, i.e. miR-21, have been verified oncogenic in non-TNBCs. In present study, we determined the miR-21 levels in TNBC specimens, and TNBC cell levels in vitro, and then identified the role of miR-21 on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and then identified PTEN as the possible target of the microRNA. It was shown that miR-21 expression is upregulated generally, and heterogeneous in TNBC specimens, posing a correlation with poor prognosis for TNBC patients. Further results demonstrated that the upregulated miR-21 promoted the tumor proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in vitro. And pro-apoptotic PTEN had been shown being targeted and downregulated. Therefore, our finding emphasized the oncogenic role of miR-21 in TNBC.
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78
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Jarry J, Schadendorf D, Greenwood C, Spatz A, van Kempen LC. The validity of circulating microRNAs in oncology: five years of challenges and contradictions. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:819-29. [PMID: 24656978 PMCID: PMC5528532 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in circulation have received an increasing amount of interest as potential minimal invasive diagnostic tools in oncology. Several diagnostic, prognostic and predictive signatures have been proposed for a variety of cancers at different stages of disease, but these have not been subjected to a critical review regarding their validity: reproducible identification in comparable studies and/or with different platforms of miRNA detection. In this review, we will critically address the results of circulating miRNA research in oncology that have been published between January 2008 and June 2013 (5.5 years), and discuss pre-analytical challenges, technological pitfalls and limitations that may contribute to the non-reproducibility of circulating miRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jarry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - C Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Spatz
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - L C van Kempen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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79
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Leung LY, Chan CPY, Leung YK, Jiang HL, Abrigo JM, Wang DF, Chung JSH, Rainer TH, Graham CA. Comparison of miR-124-3p and miR-16 for early diagnosis of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 433:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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80
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Díaz Flaqué MC, Galigniana NM, Béguelin W, Vicario R, Proietti CJ, Russo RC, Rivas MA, Tkach M, Guzmán P, Roa JC, Maronna E, Pineda V, Muñoz S, Mercogliano MF, Charreau EH, Yankilevich P, Schillaci R, Elizalde PV. Progesterone receptor assembly of a transcriptional complex along with activator protein 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and ErbB-2 governs breast cancer growth and predicts response to endocrine therapy. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R118. [PMID: 24345432 PMCID: PMC3978912 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancer remains a major clinical challenge. Although PR induces mammary tumor growth, its presence in breast tumors is a marker of good prognosis. We investigated coordinated PR rapid and nonclassical transcriptional effects governing breast cancer growth and endocrine therapy resistance. METHODS We used breast cancer cell lines expressing wild-type and mutant PRs, cells sensitive and resistant to endocrine therapy, a variety of molecular and cellular biology approaches, in vitro proliferation studies and preclinical models to explore PR regulation of cyclin D1 expression, tumor growth, and response to endocrine therapy. We investigated the clinical significance of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and PR interaction in a cohort of 99 PR-positive breast tumors by an immunofluorescence protocol we developed. The prognostic value of AP-1/PR nuclear colocalization in overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox model was used to explore said colocalization as an independent prognostic factor for OS. RESULTS We demonstrated that at the cyclin D1 promoter and through coordinated rapid and transcriptional effects, progestin induces the assembly of a transcriptional complex among AP-1, Stat3, PR, and ErbB-2 which functions as an enhanceosome to drive breast cancer growth. Our studies in a cohort of human breast tumors identified PR and AP-1 nuclear interaction as a marker of good prognosis and better OS in patients treated with tamoxifen (Tam), an anti-estrogen receptor therapy. Rationale for this finding was provided by our demonstration that Tam inhibits rapid and genomic PR effects, rendering breast cancer cells sensitive to its antiproliferative effects. CONCLUSIONS We here provided novel insight into the paradox of PR action as well as new tools to identify the subgroup of ER+/PR + patients unlikely to respond to ER-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Díaz Flaqué
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Natalia M Galigniana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Wendy Béguelin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Rocío Vicario
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Cecilia J Proietti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Rosalía Cordo Russo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Martín A Rivas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Tkach
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | | | - Juan C Roa
- Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Esteban Maronna
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
- Sanatorio Mater Dei, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo H Charreau
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Patricio Yankilevich
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Schillaci
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Elizalde
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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81
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Chen B, Duan L, Yin G, Tan J, Jiang X. Simultaneously expressed miR-424 and miR-381 synergistically suppress the proliferation and survival of renal cancer cells---Cdc2 activity is up-regulated by targeting WEE1. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:825-33. [PMID: 23778472 PMCID: PMC3674285 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(06)17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MiRNAs are intrinsic RNAs that interfere with protein translation. Few studies on the synergistic effects of miRNAs have been reported. Both miR-424 and miR-381 have been individually reported to be involved in carcinogenesis. They share a common putative target, WEE1, which is described as an inhibitor of G2/M progression. Here, we studied the synergistic effects of miR-424 and miR-381 on renal cancer cells. METHODS The viability of 786-O cells was analyzed after transfection with either a combination of miR-424 and miR-381 or each miRNA alone. We investigated cell cycle progression and apoptosis with flow cytometry. To confirm apoptosis and the abrogation of G2/M arrest, we determined the level of pHH3, which is an indicator of mitosis, and caspase-3/7 activity. The expression levels of WEE1, Cdc25, γH2AX, and Cdc2 were manipulated to investigate the roles of these proteins in the miRNA-induced anti-tumor effects. To verify that WEE1 was a direct target of both miR-424 and miR-381, we performed a dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We showed that the combination of these miRNAs synergistically inhibited proliferation, abrogated G2/M arrest, and induced apoptosis. This combination led to Cdc2 activation through WEE1 inhibition. This regulation was more effective when cells were treated with both miRNAs than with either miRNA alone, indicating synergy between these miRNAs. WEE1 was verified to be a direct target of each miRNA according to the luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly demonstrate that these two miRNAs might synergistically act as novel modulators of tumorigenesis by down-regulating WEE1 expression in renal cell cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghai Chen
- Third Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, Department of Urology, Changsha, Hunan/China
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82
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Teshima K, Nara M, Watanabe A, Ito M, Ikeda S, Hatano Y, Oshima K, Seto M, Sawada K, Tagawa H. Dysregulation of BMI1 and microRNA-16 collaborate to enhance an anti-apoptotic potential in the side population of refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2013; 33:2191-203. [PMID: 23686310 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene BMI1 and its product, Bmi1, is overexpressed in various types of tumors, particularly in aggressive tumors and tumors resistant to conventional chemotherapy. BMI1/Bmi1 is also crucially involved in cancer-initiating cell maintenance, and is recurrently upregulated in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), especially aggressive variants. Recently, side population (SP) cells were shown to exhibit tumor-initiating characteristics in various types of tumors. In this study, we show that recurrent MCL cases significantly exhibit upregulation of BMI1/Bmi1. We further demonstrate that clonogenic MCL SP shows such tumor-initiating characteristics as high tumorigenicity and self-renewal capability, and that BMI1 was upregulated in the SP from recurrent MCL cases and MCL cell lines. On screening for upstream regulators of BMI1, we found that expression of microRNA-16 (miR-16) was downregulated in MCL SP cells by regulating Bmi1 in the SPs, leading to reductions in tumor size following lymphoma xenografts. Moreover, to investigate downstream targets of BMI1 in MCL, we performed cross-linking/chromatin immunoprecipitation assay against MCL cell lines and demonstrated that Bmi1 directly regulated pro-apoptotic genes such as BCL2L11/Bim and PMAIP1/Noxa, leading to enhance anti-apoptotic potential of MCL. Finally, we found that a proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which has been recently used for relapsed MCL, effectively induced apoptosis among MCL cells while reducing expression of Bmi1 and increasing miR-16 in MCL SP. These results suggest that upregulation of BMI1 and downregulation of miR-16 in MCL SP has a key role in the disease's progression by reducing MCL cell apoptosis. Our results provide important new insight into the pathogenesis of MCL and strongly suggest that targeting BMI1/Bmi1 might be an effective approach to treating MCL, particularly refractory and recurrent cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - M Nara
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - A Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - S Ikeda
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Y Hatano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yamamoto Kumiai General Hospital, Noshiro, Japan
| | - K Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - M Seto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Sawada
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - H Tagawa
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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83
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Chen L, Wang Q, Wang GD, Wang HS, Huang Y, Liu XM, Cai XH. miR-16 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting IGF1R and the Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway in osteosarcoma. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1366-72. [PMID: 23507142 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several miRNAs have been implicated in the development and progression of osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we found that miR-16 is downregulated in OS cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of miR-16 suppresses OS cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice. Furthermore, we confirmed that IGF1R is a direct target of miR-16. Mechanistic investigation revealed that miR-16 overexpression inhibits the Raf1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. In clinical specimens, IGF1R levels inversely correlate with miR-16 expression. Our results provide significant clues regarding the role of miR-16 as a tumor suppressor by targeting IGF1R in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Wuhan, China
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84
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Cui X, Witalison EE, Chumanevich AP, Chumanevich AA, Poudyal D, Subramanian V, Schetter AJ, Harris CC, Thompson PR, Hofseth LJ. The induction of microRNA-16 in colon cancer cells by protein arginine deiminase inhibition causes a p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53791. [PMID: 23308284 PMCID: PMC3538596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Arginine Deiminases (PADs) catalyze the post-translational conversion of peptidyl-Arginine to peptidyl-Citrulline in a calcium-dependent, irreversible reaction. Evidence is emerging that PADs play a role in carcinogenesis. To determine the cancer-associated functional implications of PADs, we designed a small molecule PAD inhibitor (called Chor-amidine or Cl-amidine), and tested the impact of this drug on the cell cycle. Data derived from experiments in colon cancer cells indicate that Cl-amidine causes a G1 arrest, and that this was p53-dependent. In a separate set of experiments, we found that Cl-amidine caused a significant increase in microRNA-16 (miRNA-16), and that this increase was also p53-dependent. Because miRNA-16 is a putative tumor suppressor miRNA, and others have found that miRNA-16 suppresses proliferation, we hypothesized that the p53-dependent G1 arrest associated with PAD inhibition was, in turn, dependent on miRNA-16 expression. Results are consistent with this hypothesis. As well, we found the G1 arrest is at least in part due to the ability of Cl-amidine-mediated expression of miRNA-16 to suppress its' G1-associated targets: cyclins D1, D2, D3, E1, and cdk6. Our study sheds light into the mechanisms by which PAD inhibition can protect against or treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Cui
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Erin E. Witalison
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alena P. Chumanevich
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexander A. Chumanevich
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Venkataraman Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Schetter
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lorne J. Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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85
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Li X, Ling N, Bai Y, Dong W, Hui GZ, Liu D, Zhao J, Hu J. MiR-16-1 plays a role in reducing migration and invasion of glioma cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 296:427-32. [PMID: 23175429 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post transcriptional level. Compelling evidence shows that there are causative links between miRNAs deregulation and cancer development and progression. This study aims to explore the functions of miR-16-1 on proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion of glioma cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-16-1 in normal brain tissues and two glioma cell lines, including U251 and U87. CCK-8, Annexin V/FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate), wound healing, and transwell assays were used to evaluate the functions of miR-16-1 that involves cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. In addition, we conducted qRT-PCR to examine mRNA expression levels of Zyxin, one of putative target genes of miR-16-1, in U251 glioma cells after transfecting with miR-16-1 mimics. As a result, miR-16-1 expression level was lower in U251 and U87 cells than normal brain tissues. After miR-16-1 was upregulated in U251 cells, cellular proliferation was notably attenuated but cell apoptosis was not significantly increased. Moreover, overexpression of miR-16-1 attenuated migration and invasion of glioma cells, and U251 cells transfected with miR-16-1 showed significantly lower endogenous mRNA levels of Zyxin than those transfected with nonspecific control miRNA or mock (P < 0.05). In summary, we demonstrated that miR-16-1 expression was markedly decreased in human glioma cell lines, and for the first time, described the roles of miR-16-1 in cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of high-invasive glioma cells, and suggested that Zyxin may be one of putative target genes of miR-16-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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86
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Spencer P, Fry RC, Kisby GE. Unraveling 50-Year-Old Clues Linking Neurodegeneration and Cancer to Cycad Toxins: Are microRNAs Common Mediators? Front Genet 2012; 3:192. [PMID: 23060898 PMCID: PMC3460211 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of overlapping molecular signaling activated by a chemical trigger of cancer and neurodegeneration is new, but the path to this discovery has been long and potholed. Six conferences (1962–1972) examined the puzzling neurotoxic and carcinogenic properties of a then-novel toxin [cycasin: methylazoxymethanol (MAM)-β-d-glucoside] in cycad plants used traditionally for food and medicine on Guam where a complex neurodegenerative disease plagued the indigenous population. Affected families showed combinations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), parkinsonism (P), and/or a dementia (D) akin to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Modernization saw declining disease rates on Guam and remarkable changes in clinical phenotype (ALS was replaced by P-D and then by D) and in two genetically distinct ALS-PDC-affected populations (Kii-Japan, West Papua-Indonesia) that used cycad seed medicinally. MAM forms DNA lesions – repaired by O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) – that perturb mouse brain development and induce malignant tumors in peripheral organs. The brains of young adult MGMT-deficient mice given a single dose of MAM show DNA lesion-linked changes in cell-signaling pathways associated with miRNA-1, which is implicated in colon, liver, and prostate cancers, and in neurological disease, notably AD. MAM is metabolized to formaldehyde, a human carcinogen. Formaldehyde-responsive miRNAs predicted to modulate MAM-associated genes in the brains of MGMT-deficient mice include miR-17-5p and miR-18d, which regulate genes involved in tumor suppression, DNA repair, amyloid deposition, and neurotransmission. These findings marry cycad-associated ALS-PDC with colon, liver, and prostate cancer; they also add to evidence linking changes in microRNA status both to ALS, AD, and parkinsonism, and to cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Spencer
- Global Health Center, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
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