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Heard CM. An ex vivo skin model to probe modulation of local cutaneous arachidonic acid inflammation pathway. J Biol Methods 2020; 7:e138. [PMID: 33204741 PMCID: PMC7666330 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2020.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for inexpensive and reliable means to determine the modulation of cutaneous inflammation. The method outlined in this article draws together a number of scientific techniques and makes use of generally unwanted biological tissues as a means of determining skin inflammation ex vivo, and focuses on probing aspects of the arachidonic acid inflammation pathway. Freshly excised skin contains elevated levels of short-lived inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and, under viable conditions, COX-2 and its eicosanoid products will continue to be produced until tissue necrosis, providing a window of time in which relative levels can be probed to determine exacerbation due to an upregulating factor or downregulation due the presence of an agent exerting anti-inflammatory activity. Ex vivo porcine skin, mounted in Franz diffusion cells, is dosed topically with the xenobiotic challenge and then techniques such as Western blotting and immunohistochemistry can then be used to probe relative COX-2 levels on a semi-quantitative or qualitative level. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or LCMS can be used to determine relative prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) levels. Thus far, the technique has been used to examine the effects of topically applied anti-inflammatories (betamethasone, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and methotrexate), natural products (fish oil, Devil’s claw extract and pomegranate rind extract) and drug delivery vehicle (polyNIPAM nanogels). Topically applied xenobiotics that modulate factors such as COX-2 and PGE-2 must penetrate the intact skin, and this provides direct evidence of overcoming the "barrier function" of the stratum corneum in order to target the viable epidermis in sufficient levels to be able to elicit such effects. This system has particular potential as a pre-clinical screening tool for those working on the development of topical delivery systems, and has the additional advantage of being in line with 3 Rs philosophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Heard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3 NB Wales, United Kingdom
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Ismail MM, Alotaibi BS, EL-Sheekh MM. Therapeutic Uses of Red Macroalgae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194411. [PMID: 32992919 PMCID: PMC7583832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Red Seaweed “Rhodophyta” are an important group of macroalgae that include approximately 7000 species. They are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive constituents, including protein, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds with nutritional, medical, and industrial importance. Polysaccharides are the main components in the cell wall of red algae and represent about 40–50% of the dry weight, which are extensively utilized in industry and pharmaceutical compounds, due to their thickening and gelling properties. The hydrocolloids galactans carrageenans and agars are the main red seaweed cell wall polysaccharides, which had broad-spectrum therapeutic characters. Generally, the chemical contents of seaweed are different according to the algal species, growth stage, environment, and external conditions, e.g., the temperature of the water, light intensity, nutrient concentrations in the ecosystem. Economically, they can be recommended as a substitute source for natural ingredients that contribute to a broad range of bioactivities like cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory. This review touches on the main points of the pharmaceutical applications of red seaweed, as well as the exploitation of their specific compounds and secondary metabolites with vital roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria 21556, Egypt;
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mostafa M. EL-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1224106666; Fax: +20-403350804
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Biringer RG. The enzymology of human eicosanoid pathways: the lipoxygenase branches. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7189-7207. [PMID: 32748021 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are short-lived derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids that serve as autocrine and paracrine signaling molecules. They are involved numerous biological processes of both the well state and disease states. A thorough understanding of the progression the disease state and homeostasis of the well state requires a complete evaluation of the systems involved. This review examines the enzymology for the enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids along the lipoxygenase branches of the eicosanoid pathways with particular emphasis on those derived from arachidonic acid. The enzymatic parameters, protocols to measure them, and proposed catalytic mechanisms are presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gregory Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Palma-Barqueros V, Bohdan N, Revilla N, Vicente V, Bastida JM, Rivera J. PTGS1 gene variations associated with bleeding and platelet dysfunction. Platelets 2020; 32:710-716. [PMID: 32584621 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1782370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Bohdan
- Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria Revilla
- Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Bastida
- Department of Hematology, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,On Behalf of the "Inherited Platelet Disorders Project", Hemorrhagic Diathesis Working Group, SETH
| | - José Rivera
- Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER-U765, Murcia, Spain.,On Behalf of the "Inherited Platelet Disorders Project", Hemorrhagic Diathesis Working Group, SETH
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Interaction of Cyclooxygenase-2 with Helicobacter pylori Induces Gastric Chronic Nonresolving Inflammation and the Formation of Syndrome of Internal Block of Static Blood in Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7340814. [PMID: 32328138 PMCID: PMC7165359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7340814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme stimulated by various inflammatory factors (IFs). Chronic gastritis is a classic model of “inflammation-cancer transformation” and Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases (HPGD) are specific ones of this model. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes could play a predictive role in gastric histopathological evolution. To search for early warning evidence about “inflammation-cancer transformation,” this study is about to explore interaction of COX-2 with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in HPGD with different TCM syndromes. All included subjects underwent endoscopy and biopsy. Hp infection was detected by rapid urease test and methylene blue staining. Histopathological characteristics and COX-2 expression in gastric mucosa (GM) were, respectively, observed by hematoxylin-eosin and Elivision™ plus. SPSS 18.0 and Stata 11.0 statistical software packages were used for statistical analysis. Results of immunohistochemical staining in this study showed COX-2 expression in Hp-positive patients was stronger than that in Hp-negative ones. Spearman' analysis indicated that degrees of both Hp infection and COX-2 expression were positively correlated with those of gastric inflammation and inflammatory activity. Compared with the relative normal group, both severe dysplasia group and gastric carcinoma group had more severe Hp infection and COX-2 expression. Compared with the nonsyndrome, syndrome of internal block of static blood (IBSB) had higher scores in semiquantitative analysis of COX-2 protein expression among TCM groups. Moreover, multivariate logistics regression analysis suggested that patients with Hp infection could increase the risk of IBSB. These results indicated that COX-2 interacting with Hp could play an important role in transforming gastric chronic nonresolving inflammation into carcinoma in subjects with HPGD, as well as inducing the formation of IBSB. HPGD together with IBSB could be an early warning evidence for GM with histopathological evolution from benign to malignant.
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Mojarrad M, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular biology of bladder cancer among Iranian patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1233. [PMID: 32253828 PMCID: PMC7284045 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth common cancer among Iranians. Various risk factors such as smoking, body mass index, chronic infection, age, and genetic factors are associated with BC progression. Methods It has been shown that a significant ratio of patients have tumors with muscle bladder layer invasion and poor prognosis at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, the early detection of tumors is required to reduce the mortality rate of BC cases. Since there is a wide geographical incidence variation in BC in Iran, it seems that the ethnic and genetic factors can be the main risk factors among Iranian BC patients. Results For the first time, in present review we have summarized all of the reported genes among Iranian BC patients until now which were significantly associated with tumorigenesis. Moreover, we categorized all of the reported genes based on their cell and molecular functions to clarify the genetic and molecular biology of BC among Iranian population. Conclusion This review paves the way of determination of a population‐based genetic panel markers for the early detection of BC in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cyclooxygenase-2 as a Biomarker with Diagnostic, Therapeutic, Prognostic, and Predictive Relevance in Small Animal Oncology. J Vet Res 2020; 64:151-160. [PMID: 32258812 PMCID: PMC7105978 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In canine and feline populations, the number of neoplasm cases continues to increase around the world. Attempts are being made in centres of research to identify new biomarkers that speed up and improve the quality of oncological diagnostics and therapy in human and animal tumour patients. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a promising biomarker with increasing relevance to human oncology, but as yet with less application in veterinary oncology. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes involving inflammation, pain or fever. It is also overexpressed in humans presenting various types of tumours and in selected types of tumours in animals, particularly in dogs. This article discusses the expression of COX-2 in canine and feline tumours, the importance of COX-2 as a biomarker with diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic and predictive relevance in oncology, and the clinical significance of inhibiting COX-2 overexpression in tumours.
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Khalafalla MG, Woods LT, Jasmer KJ, Forti KM, Camden JM, Jensen JL, Limesand KH, Galtung HK, Weisman GA. P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32231563 PMCID: PMC7082426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although often overlooked in our daily lives, saliva performs a host of necessary physiological functions, including lubricating and protecting the oral cavity, facilitating taste sensation and digestion and maintaining tooth enamel. Therefore, salivary gland dysfunction and hyposalivation, often resulting from pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or from radiotherapy of the head and neck region during cancer treatment, severely reduce the quality of life of afflicted patients and can lead to dental caries, periodontitis, digestive disorders, loss of taste and difficulty speaking. Since their initial discovery in the 1970s, P2 purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides, including ATP-gated ion channel P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, have been shown to mediate physiological processes in numerous tissues, including the salivary glands where P2 receptors represent a link between canonical and non-canonical saliva secretion. Additionally, extracellular nucleotides released during periods of cellular stress and inflammation act as a tissue alarmin to coordinate immunological and tissue repair responses through P2 receptor activation. Accordingly, P2 receptors have gained widespread clinical interest with agonists and antagonists either currently undergoing clinical trials or already approved for human use. Here, we review the contributions of P2 receptors to salivary gland function and describe their role in salivary gland dysfunction. We further consider their potential as therapeutic targets to promote physiological saliva flow, prevent salivary gland inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jean M. Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hilde K. Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Canisso IF, Segabinazzi LG, Fedorka CE. Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares - a Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1432. [PMID: 32093296 PMCID: PMC7073041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-breeding endometritis (i.e., inflammation/infection of the endometrium), is a physiological reaction taking place in the endometrium of mares within 48 hours post-breeding, aimed to clear seminal plasma, excess sperm, microorganisms, and debris from the uterine lumen in preparation for the arrival of an embryo. Mares are classified as susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) based on their ability to clear this inflammation/infection by 48 hours post-breeding. Mares susceptible to PBIE, or those with difficulty clearing infection/inflammation, have a deficient immune response and compromised physical mechanisms of defense against infection. Molecular pathways of the innate immune response known to be involved in PBIE are discussed herein. The role of the adaptive uterine immune response on PBIE remains to be elucidated in horses. Advances in the pathobiology of microbes involved in PBIE are also revised here. Traditional and non-traditional therapeutic modalities for endometritis are contrasted and described in the context of clinical and molecular aspects. In recent years, the lack of efficacy of traditional therapeutic modalities, alongside the ever-increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, has enforced the development of non-traditional therapies. Novel biological products capable of modulating the endometrial inflammatory response are also discussed here as part of the non-traditional therapies for endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor F. Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA;
| | - Lorenzo G.T.M. Segabinazzi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA;
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carleigh E. Fedorka
- The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA;
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Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols: Modulation of Cellular Pathways Related to Oxidant Species and Inflammation in Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020478. [PMID: 32093046 PMCID: PMC7072812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive-oil-centered Mediterranean diet has been associated with extended life expectancy and a reduction in the risk of age-related degenerative diseases. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) itself has been proposed to promote a "successful aging", being able to virtually modulate all the features of the aging process, because of its great monounsaturated fatty acids content and its minor bioactive compounds, the polyphenols above all. Polyphenols are mostly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, able to modulate abnormal cellular signaling induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress, as that related to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which have been identified as important modulators of age-related disorders and aging itself. This review summarizes existing literature about the interaction between EVOO polyphenols and NF-κB and Nrf-2 signaling pathways. Reported studies show the ability of EVOO phenolics, mainly hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, to activate Nrf-2 signaling, inducing a cellular defense response and to prevent NF-κB activation, thus suppressing the induction of a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Literature data, although not exhaustive, indicate as a whole that EVOO polyphenols may significantly help to modulate the aging process, so tightly connected to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
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Gómez-Segura L, Parra A, Calpena-Campmany AC, Gimeno Á, Gómez de Aranda I, Boix-Montañes A. Ex Vivo Permeation of Carprofen Vehiculated by PLGA Nanoparticles through Porcine Mucous Membranes and Ophthalmic Tissues. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020355. [PMID: 32085577 PMCID: PMC7075292 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Carprofen (CP), 2-(6-chlorocarbazole) propionic acid, is used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic agent and it belongs to the family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). CP has some adverse reactions in systemic administration; for this reason, topical administration with CP nanoparticles (CP-NPs) can be an optimal alternative. The main objective of this work is the investigation of ex vivo permeation of CP through different types of porcine mucous membranes (buccal, sublingual and vaginal) and ophthalmic tissues (cornea, sclera and conjunctiva) to compare the influence of CP-NPs formulation over a CP solution (CP-Solution). (2) Methods: The ex vivo permeation profiles were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies were performed to verify that the formulations did not affect the cell structure and to establish the amount retained (Qr) in the tissues. (3) Results: Permeation of CP-NPs is more effective in terms of drug retention in almost all tissues (with the exception of sclera and sublingual). In vivo studies show that neither of the two formulations affects tissue structure, so both formulations are safe. (4) Conclusions: It was concluded that CP-NPs may be a useful tool for the topical treatment of local inflammation in veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Gómez-Segura
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.C.C.-C.)
- Department of Medicine and Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Spain
| | - Alexander Parra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota RX22+57, Colombia;
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena-Campmany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.C.C.-C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gimeno
- Department of Animal Research, Animal House of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, CCiT-UB, 08907 Hospital del Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Immaculada Gómez de Aranda
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Antonio Boix-Montañes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.C.C.-C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-024-560
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Lim SY, Dafydd M, Ong J, Ord-McDermott LA, Board-Davies E, Sands K, Williams D, Sloan AJ, Heard CM. Mucoadhesive thin films for the simultaneous delivery of microbicide and anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Int J Pharm 2020; 573:118860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sheng J, Sun H, Yu FB, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhu YT. The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1095-1101. [PMID: 32410839 PMCID: PMC7211146 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third common cancer in this world, accounting for more than 1 million cases each year. However, detailed etiology and mechanism of colorectal cancer have not been fully understood. For example, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been closely linked to its occurrence, progression and prognosis. However, the mechanisms on how COX-2 and PGE2-mediate the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are obscure. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in studies of pathogenesis and control in colorectal cancer to assist further advances in the research for the cure of the cancer. In addition, the knowledge gained may also guide the audiences for reduction of the risk and control of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Hong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fu-Bing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tissue Tech Inc, Miami, Florida 33032, USA
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Nguyen LH, Goel A, Chung DC. Pathways of Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:291-302. [PMID: 31622622 PMCID: PMC6981255 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that develops via stepwise accumulation of well-characterized genetic and epigenetic alterations. We review the genetic changes associated with the development of precancerous colorectal adenomas and their progression to tumors, as well as the effects of defective DNA repair, chromosome instability, microsatellite instability, and alterations in the serrated pathway and DNA methylation. We provide insights into the different molecular subgroups of colorectal tumors that develop via each of these different mechanisms and their associations with patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas; Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
| | - Daniel C Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Cancer Risk Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
Prostanoids (prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane) belong to the oxylipin family of biologically active lipids generated from arachidonic acid (AA). Protanoids control numerous physiological and pathological processes. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the conversion of AA into prostanoids. There are two COX isozymes: the constitutive COX-1 and the inducible COX-2. COX-1 and COX-2 have similar structures, catalytic activities, and subcellular localizations but differ in patterns of expression and biological functions. Non-selective COX-1/2 or traditional, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) target both COX isoforms and are widely used to relieve pain, fever and inflammation. However, the use of NSAIDs is associated with various side effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. NSAIDs selective for COX-2 inhibition (coxibs) were purposefully designed to spare gastrointestinal toxicity, but predisposed patients to increased cardiovascular risks. These health complications from NSAIDs prompted interest in the downstream effectors of the COX enzymes as novel drug targets. This chapter describes various safety issues with tNSAIDs and coxibs, and discusses the current development of novel classes of drugs targeting the prostanoid pathway, including nitrogen oxide- and hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAIDs, inhibitors of prostanoid synthases, dual inhibitors, and prostanoid receptor agonists and antagonists.
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Cai Y, Yousef A, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. NSAID therapy for PIK3CA-Altered colorectal, breast, and head and neck cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 75:100653. [PMID: 31594701 PMCID: PMC7056575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provides a protective effect against the development of colorectal, breast, and head and neck cancers. Genomic characterization of these cancers has lent considerable insight into the subpopulations of cancer patients who are most likely to benefit from NSAID therapy. The PIK3CA gene encodes the catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and is among the most frequently mutated genes in solid tumor malignancies. Cancer-associated mutations in PIK3CA promote signaling via the PI3K pathway and stimulate tumor cell growth. In addition, activation of the PI3K pathway leads to induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme and production of immunosuppressive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Notably, in both colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer the subpopulation of patients that benefit from NSAID use is restricted to those whose tumors exhibit PIK3CA genomic alterations. Preclinical studies, particularly in models of head and neck cancer, support the hypothesis that the chemopreventive impact of NSAIDs may be due, in part, to inhibition of COX-2 and reduction of PGE2 levels in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Yousef
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Kefayat A, Ghahremani F, Safavi A, Hajiaghababa A, Moshtaghian J. C-phycocyanin: a natural product with radiosensitizing property for enhancement of colon cancer radiation therapy efficacy through inhibition of COX-2 expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19161. [PMID: 31844085 PMCID: PMC6915779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different chemical and nanomaterial agents have been introduced for radiosensitizing purposes. However, many researchers believe these agents are far away from clinical application due to side effects and limited knowledge about their behavior in the human body. In this study, C-phycocyanin (C-PC) was used as a natural radiosensitizer for enhancement of radiation therapy (RT) efficacy. C-PC treatment's effect on the COX-2 expression of cancer cells was investigated by flow cytometry, western blot, qRT-PCR analyses in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the radiosensitizing effect of C-PC treatment was investigated by MTT and clonogenic cell survival assays for CT-26, DLD-1, HT-29 colon cancer cell lines and the CRL-1831 as normal colonic cells. In addition, the C-PC treatment effect on the radiation therapy efficacy was evaluated according to CT-26 tumor's growth progression and immunohistochemistry analyses of Ki-67 labeling index. C-PC treatment (200 µg/mL) could significantly enhance the radiation therapy efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic interaction was detected at C-PC and radiation beams co-treatment based on Chou and Talalay formula (combination index <1), especially at 200 µg/mL C-PC and 6 Gy radiation dosages. The acquired DEF of C-PC treatment was 1.39, 1.4, 1.63, and 1.05 for CT-26, DLD-1, HT-29, and CRL-1831 cells, respectively. Also, C-PC + RT treated mice exhibited 35.2% lower mean tumors' volume and about 6 days more survival time in comparison with the RT group (P < 0.05). In addition, C-PC + RT group exhibited 54% lower Ki-67 index in comparison with the RT group. Therefore, C-PC can exhibit high radiosensitizing effects. However, the potential cardiovascular risks of C-PC as a COX-2 inhibitor should be evaluated with extensive preclinical testing before developing this agent for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, 38481-76941, Iran.
| | - Ashkan Safavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Moshtaghian
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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68
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Kim SM, Han Y, Yu SM, Kim SJ. Gallotannin attenuates 2‑deoxy‑D‑glucose‑induced dedifferentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress through inhibition of inositol‑requiring enzyme 1 downstream p38 kinase pathway in chondrocytes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5249-5256. [PMID: 31661132 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallotannin (GT) is a class of polyphenols with antioxidant, anticancer, and antiviral activities. 2‑Deoxy‑D‑glucose (2DG), a glucose‑derived molecule, can inhibit glucose metabolism and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. GT in primary‑cultured chondrocytes enhances expression of type II collagen, an indicator of differentiation, and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2), which mediates inflammatory reactions. In contrast, 2DG reduces type II collagen and COX‑2 expression while driving ER‑stress‑induced unglycosylation. In the present study, it was investigated whether GT could attenuate 2DG‑induced dedifferentiation and ER‑stress. Following treatment with GT and 2DG, chondrocytes were assessed using western blotting, RT‑PCR, immunofluorescence, and alcian blue staining. GT restored type II collagen expression that was reduced by 2DG, inhibited ER‑stress‑induced COX‑2 unglycosylation, and induced COX‑2 expression. The expression of a glucose‑regulated protein, GRP78, which is an indicator of reduced ER‑stress, was decreased. To link the GT signaling pathway with pathways that inhibit 2DG‑induced dedifferentiation and ER‑stress, inhibitors were treated in chondrocytes. The results revealed that, among the different signaling pathways triggered by ER‑stress, the p38 kinase pathway was involved in the inositol‑requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) downstream signaling pathway. Following inhibition of the IRE1 pathway, type II collagen expression was increased and COX‑2 expression was decreased. In addition, after examining the splicing of X‑box binding protein 1 (XBP‑1) which is dependent on IRE1 activation induced by ER‑stress, it was revealed that GT inhibited the increase of XBP‑1s after splicing due to 2DG‑induced ER stress. GT in chondrocytes inhibited 2DG‑induced dedifferentiation and ER‑stress‑induced COX‑2 unglycosylation while regulating differentiation and inflammation via the ER‑stress‑induced p38 kinase pathway downstream from the IRE1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam Do 314‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam Do 314‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam Do 314‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam Do 314‑701, Republic of Korea
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69
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Screening cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors from Andrographis paniculata to treat inflammation based on bio-affinity ultrafiltration coupled with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Codony S, Valverde E, Leiva R, Brea J, Isabel Loza M, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Vázquez S. Exploring the size of the lipophilic unit of the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115078. [PMID: 31488357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors are potential drugs for several diseases. Adamantyl ureas are excellent sEH inhibitors but have limited metabolic stability. Herein, we report the effect of replacing the adamantane group by alternative polycyclic hydrocarbons on sEH inhibition, solubility, permeability and metabolic stability. Compounds bearing smaller or larger polycyclic hydrocarbons than adamantane yielded all good inhibition potency of the human sEH (0.4 ≤ IC50 ≤ 21.7 nM), indicating that sEH is able to accommodate inhibitors of very different size. Human liver microsomal stability of diamantane containing inhibitors is lower than that of their corresponding adamantane counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Codony
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Elena Valverde
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
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71
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Tran NT, Akkawat B, Morales NP, Rojnuckarin P, Luechapudiporn R. Antiplatelet activity of deferiprone through cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition. Platelets 2019; 31:505-512. [PMID: 31366263 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2019.1648782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia patients are susceptible to both iron overload and thromboembolism. Deferiprone is an iron chelator that shows an antiplatelet activity and thus may alleviate platelet hyperactivation in thalassemia. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of deferiprone on normal human platelets. The results illustrated that deferiprone inhibited platelet aggregation at the iron chelating concentrations (0.08-0.25 mmol/l). Deferiprone inhibited human platelet aggregation stimulated by arachidonic acid and ADP more potently than epinephrine and collagen, with the IC50 of 0.24 mmol/l and 0.25 mmol/l vs. 3.36 mmol/l and 3.73 mmol/l, respectively. Interestingly, deferiprone significantly inhibited COX-1 activity, with the IC50 of 0.33 mmol/l, and slightly increased cAMP level at the high concentration of 4 mmol/l. Moreover, the results from molecular docking showed that deferiprone interacted closely with key residues in the peroxidase active site of COX-1. These results suggested that deferiprone possessed antiplatelet activity mainly through the inhibition of COX-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Thi Tran
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjaporn Akkawat
- Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Rataya Luechapudiporn
- Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty ofPharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
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72
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Chithra MA, Ijinu TP, Kharkwal H, Sharma RK, Pushpangadan P, George V. Phenolic rich Cocos nucifera inflorescence extract ameliorates inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and toxin-induced murine models. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:1073-1089. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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73
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Szweda M, Rychlik A, Babińska I, Pomianowski A. Significance of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Oncogenesis. J Vet Res 2019; 63:215-224. [PMID: 31276061 PMCID: PMC6598184 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme catalyses the first stage of biosynthesis of prostanoids, proteins that are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes in humans and animals. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes accompanied by inflammation, pain and fever. Overexpression of COX-2 was determined in tumour tissues, which suggests that this enzyme participates in oncogenesis. In this paper the topics discussed are mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression, COX isoforms, their role in the body and the oncogenic mechanisms triggered by the overexpression of COX-2, including inhibition of apoptosis, intensification of neoangiogenesis, increased metastatic capacity, and weakening of the immune system. The significance of and the mechanisms by which COX-2 participates in oncogenesis have been studied intensively in recent years. The results are highly promising, and they expand our understanding of the complex processes and changes at the molecular, cellular and tissue level that promote oncogenesis and cancer progression. Notwithstanding the knowledge already gleaned, many processes and mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in human medicine and, in particular, in veterinary medicine. Further research is required to develop effective tumour diagnostic methods and treatment procedures for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szweda
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, 10-719Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Izabella Babińska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Medicine, and Administration Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719Olsztyn, Poland
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74
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Negi RR, Rana SV, Gupta V, Gupta R, Chadha VD, Prasad KK, Dhawan DK. Over-Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1675-1681. [PMID: 31244287 PMCID: PMC7021602 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. COX-2 plays an important role in CRC development and is a key target for the regression of colorectal tumorigenesis by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study was conducted to examine the relationship of the levels of COX-2 in CRC patients with the clinico-pathological parameters and also to assess its usefulness as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of CRC. Methods: Prior to surgery, 30 CRC patients were enrolled and the samples from colon tumors and surrounding tissues were taken after they underwent surgical intervention at PGIMER, Chandigarh. mRNA expression levels of COX-2 were examined in 30 CRC and adjacent normal colonic mucosa by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of COX-2 was assessed by immunohistochemical method using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against human COX-2 protein. Results: The quantitative relative expression of COX-2 mRNA was observed to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in colorectal cancer tissues as compared to adjacent normal colon tissues. Also, female CRC patients showed significantly higher (p<0.009) expression of COX-2 mRNA vis-a-vis male colorectal cancer patients. This is the first study which has reported a direct relationship between COX-2 mRNA expressions in male colorectal cancer patients versus females. Further, immunohistochemistry of COX-2 confirmed the quantitative real time-PCR findings. Conclusion: Our study shows that COX-2 over expression in colorectal carcinoma patients is closely associated with clinico-pathological parameters and is more pronounced in males versus females. Further, COX-2 mRNA expression can serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Rattan Negi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Satya Vati Rana
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Kaushal Kishor Prasad
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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75
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Kamińska K, Białkowska A, Kowalewski J, Huang S, Lewandowska MA. Differential gene methylation patterns in cancerous and non‑cancerous cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:43-54. [PMID: 31115550 PMCID: PMC6549081 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale projects, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Human Epigenome Project (HEP) and Human Epigenome Atlas (HEA), provide an insight into DNA methylation and histone modification markers. Changes in the epigenome significantly contribute to the initiation and progression of cancer. The goal of the present study was to characterize the prostate cancer malignant transformation model using the CpG island methylation pattern. The Human Prostate Cancer EpiTect Methyl II Signature PCR Array was used to evaluate the methylation status of 22 genes in prostate cancer cell lines: PC3, PC3M, PC3MPro4 and PC3MLN4, each representing different metastatic potential in vivo. Subsequently, it was ascertained whether DNA methylation plays a role in the expression of these genes in prostate cancer cells. Hypermethylation of APC, DKK3, GPX3, GSTP1, MGMT, PTGS2, RASSF1, TIMP2 and TNFRSF10D resulted in downregulation of their expression in prostate cancer cell lines as compared to WT fibroblasts. Mining of the TCGA data deposited in the MetHC database found increases in the methylation status of these 9 genes in prostate cancer patients, further supporting the role of methylation in altering the expression of these genes in prostate cancer. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of these proteins in prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Genetics, Innovative Medical Forum, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aneta Białkowska
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Genetics, Innovative Medical Forum, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janusz Kowalewski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Tumors, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85‑796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marzena A Lewandowska
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Genetics, Innovative Medical Forum, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Zhou JX, Wink M. Evidence for Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Isoliquiritigenin, 18β Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Ursolic Acid, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Plants Glycyrrhiza glabra and Eriobotrya japonica, at the Molecular Level. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6020055. [PMID: 31083310 PMCID: PMC6630209 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: We investigated the effect of root extracts from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and the leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and their six major secondary metabolites, glycyrrhizic acid, 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, paeoniflorin, and ursolic acid, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB expression and NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory factors in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of the substances was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or LPS plus single substances; the gene expression levels of NF-κB subunits (RelA, RelB, c-Rel, NF-κB1, and NF-κB2), and of ICAM-1, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 were measured employing real-time PCR; nitric oxide (NO) production by the cells was quantified with the Griess assay; nuclear translocation of NF-κB was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy with NF-κB (p65) staining. Results: All the substances showed moderate cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells except paeoniflorin with an IC50 above 1000 μM. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and Eriobotrya japonica extract, as well as 18β glycyrrhetinic acid and isoliquiritigenin at low concentrations, inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. LPS upregulated gene expressions of NF-κB subunits and of ICAM-1, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 within 8 h, which could be decreased by 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin and ursolic acid similarly to the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed after LPS stimulation for 2 h and was attenuated by extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Eriobotrya japonica, as well as by 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin, and ursolic acid. Conclusions: 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin, and ursolic acid inhibited the gene expressions of ICAM-1, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS, partly through inhibiting NF-κB expression and attenuating NF-κB nuclear translocation. These substances showed anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms and to assess their usefulness in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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77
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Cardin LT, Prates J, da Cunha BR, Tajara EH, Oliani SM, Rodrigues‐Lisoni FC. Annexin A1 peptide and endothelial cell-conditioned medium modulate cervical tumorigenesis. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:668-681. [PMID: 30984541 PMCID: PMC6443877 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women worldwide, and its tumorigenesis can be influenced by the microenvironment. The anti-inflammatory protein annexin A1 (ANXA1) has been reported to be associated with cancer progression and metastasis, suggesting that it plays a role in regulating tumour cell proliferation. Here, we examined the effect of the N-terminal peptide Ac2-26 of ANXA1 on the HaCaT cell line (normal) and HeLa cell line (cervical cancer) co-cultured with endothelium cell-conditioned medium (HMC). Treatment with Ac2-26 decreased proliferation and increased motility of cervical cancer cells, but did not affect cellular morphology or viability. Combined HMC stimulus and Ac2-26 treatment resulted in an increase in apoptotic HeLa cells, upregulated expression of MMP2, and downregulated expression of COX2,EP3 and EP4. In conclusion, Ac2-26 treatment may modulate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cervical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Toniol Cardin
- Institute of Bioscience, Humanities and Exact ScienceSão Paulo State University (Unesp)São José do Rio PretoBrazil
| | - Janesly Prates
- Institute of Bioscience, Humanities and Exact ScienceSão Paulo State University (Unesp)São José do Rio PretoBrazil
| | - Bianca Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Molecular BiologySchool of Medicine of São José do Rio PretoSão José do Rio PretoBrazil
| | - Eloiza Helena Tajara
- Department of Molecular BiologySchool of Medicine of São José do Rio PretoSão José do Rio PretoBrazil
| | - Sonia Maria Oliani
- Institute of Bioscience, Humanities and Exact ScienceSão Paulo State University (Unesp)São José do Rio PretoBrazil
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78
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Ben Saad A, Ncib S, Rjeibi I, Saidi I, Zouari N. Nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of green tea ( Camellia sinensis) against nicotine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and characterization of its bioactive compounds by HPLC-DAD. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1134-1140. [PMID: 30802143 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is a potential inducer of oxidative stress, through which it can damage numerous biological molecules. Natural antioxidants that prevent or slow the progression and severity of nicotine toxicity may have a significant health impact. The purpose of this study, conducted on Wistar rats, was to evaluate the beneficial effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract on nicotine treatment-induced damage on kidney. Our results showed that nicotine significantly (p < 0.01) increased serum and kidney malondialdehyde, the serum contents of urea, creatinine, and uric acid. In addition, nicotine intoxication significantly (p < 0.01) decreased the levels of vitamins E and C in serum and kidney tissue as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Interestingly, animals that were pretreated with green tea, prior to nicotine administration, showed a significant nephroprotection, revealed by a significant reduction-induced oxidative damage for all tested markers. The nephroprotective activity of green tea is mediated, at least in part, by the antioxidant effect of its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Ben Saad
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ncib
- Unit of Common Services, Faculty of Sciences Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisia.,Environment and Energy Laboratory (UR14ES26), Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Rjeibi
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Issam Saidi
- Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, 2112, University of Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Nacim Zouari
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology ISBAM Medenine 4119, University of Gabes, Tunisia
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Scarpati M, Qi Y, Govind S, Singh S. A combined computational strategy of sequence and structural analysis predicts the existence of a functional eicosanoid pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211897. [PMID: 30753230 PMCID: PMC6372189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports on a putative eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway in Drosophila melanogaster and challenges the currently held view that mechanistic routes to synthesize eicosanoid or eicosanoid-like biolipids do not exist in insects, since to date, putative fly homologs of most mammalian enzymes have not been identified. Here we use systematic and comprehensive bioinformatics approaches to identify most of the mammalian eicosanoid synthesis enzymes. Sensitive sequence analysis techniques identified candidate Drosophila enzymes that share low global sequence identities with their human counterparts. Twenty Drosophila candidates were selected based upon (a) sequence identity with human enzymes of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase branches, (b) similar domain architecture and structural conservation of the catalytic domain, and (c) presence of potentially equivalent functional residues. Evaluation of full-length structural models for these 20 top-scoring Drosophila candidates revealed a surprising degree of conservation in their overall folds and potential analogs for functional residues in all 20 enzymes. Although we were unable to identify any suitable candidate for lipoxygenase enzymes, we report structural homology models of three fly cyclooxygenases. Our findings predict that the D. melanogaster genome likely codes for one or more pathways for eicosanoid or eicosanoid-like biolipid synthesis. Our study suggests that classical and/or novel eicosanoids mediators must regulate biological functions in insects–predictions that can be tested with the power of Drosophila genetics. Such experimental analysis of eicosanoid biology in a simple model organism will have high relevance to human development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Scarpati
- Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- PhD program in Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yan Qi
- Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- PhD program in Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shubha Govind
- PhD program in Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shaneen Singh
- Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- PhD program in Biology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- PhD program in Biochemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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80
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Canzi EF, Lopes BR, Robeldo T, Borra R, Da Silva MFGF, Oliveira RV, Maia BHNS, Cass QB. Prostaglandins E 2 and F 2α levels in human menstrual fluid by online Solid Phase Extraction coupled to Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1109:60-66. [PMID: 30731263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an online SPE-LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2α) in menstrual fluid samples. To meet this goal human peripheral serum was used as surrogate matrix. The analytes were trapped on an OASIS HLB cartridge for 3 min, for sample cleanup and enrichment, and then transferred during only 42 s to an HSS T3 C18 analytical column, for separation and analysis. Prostaglandins (PGs) were detected by selected reaction monitoring in negative ion mode, PGE2 (m/z 351 → 315) and PGF2α (m/z 353 → 193) using isotope-labeled internal standard (PGE2-d4, m/z 355 → 319). The concentration linear range was of 10.34-1.034 ng mL-1 and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 10.34 ng mL-1 for both PGs. Validation parameters were successfully assessed according to the European Medicines Agency guideline (EMA), also comprising the FDA normative. The method showed no matrix effect and process efficiency around 100%, in addition to only 15 min of analysis time with lower solvent consumption. The method application was carried out using two menstrual fluid sample groups: control (n = 15) and treatment group (n = 7; samples from women that used Tahiti lemon juice). The PGF2α levels were found to be higher in treated group than in control group (p ≤ 0.05), denoting an effect of the intake of Tahiti lemon juice on the menstrual inflammatory process. The on-line method herein reported could be useful for the analysis of PGs from large research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edione F Canzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bianca Rebelo Lopes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Robeldo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Borra
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima G F Da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Regina V Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Helena N S Maia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Quezia B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, SP-310, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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81
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Significance of immunohistochemical overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in overall and disease-free survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2019; 132:1102-1109. [PMID: 30674365 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215118002207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Pakistan, oral cancer ranks as the most common malignancy in males and the second most common malignancy in females. Cyclooxygenase-2 has been explored as an agent of carcinogenesis in oral and other neoplasms. This study aimed to observe the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate the expression with patients' clinical features and overall and disease-free survival. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase-2 was performed on a total of 100 oral squamous cell carcinoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Expression was correlated with patients' clinicopathological variables and overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS Cyclooxygenase-2 was overexpressed in 55 per cent of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Overexpression was correlated with overall survival (p = 0.013) and disease-free survival (p = 0.001) on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, cyclooxygenase-2 was associated with only disease-free survival (p = 0.044) and not overall survival (p = 0.208). CONCLUSION Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with poorer overall survival and higher rates of recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Alrumaihi F, Allemailem KS, Rahmani AH. Ginger: A Novel Strategy to Battle Cancer through Modulating Cell Signalling Pathways: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:5-16. [PMID: 30659535 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190119142331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been performed in understanding the development of cancer. Though, the mechanism of action of genes in the development of cancer remains to be explained. The current mode of treatment of cancer shows adverse effects on normal cells and also alter the cell signalling pathways. However, ginger and its active compound have fascinated research based on animal model and laboratories during the past decade due to its potentiality in killing cancer cells. Ginger is a mixture of various compounds including gingerol, paradol, zingiberene and shogaol and such compounds are the main players in diseases management. Most of the health-promoting effects of ginger and its active compound can be attributed due to its antioxidant and anti-tumour activity. Besides, the active compound of ginger has proven its role in cancer management through its modulatory effect on tumour suppressor genes, cell cycle, apoptosis, transcription factors, angiogenesis and growth factor. In this review, the role of ginger and its active compound in the inhibition of cancer growth through modulating cell signalling pathways will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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83
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Sharma P, Srivastava P, Seth A, Tripathi PN, Banerjee AG, Shrivastava SK. Comprehensive review of mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 174:53-89. [PMID: 30599179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in an aging population worldwide. The enormous challenge which AD possesses to global healthcare makes it as urgent as ever for the researchers to develop innovative treatment strategies to fight this disease. An in-depth analysis of the extensive available data associated with the AD is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset and progression of the AD. The currently understood pathological and biochemical manifestations include cholinergic, Aβ, tau, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, ApoE, CREB signaling pathways, insulin resistance, etc. However, these hypotheses have been criticized with several conflicting reports for their involvement in the disease progression. Several issues need to be addressed such as benefits to cost ratio with cholinesterase therapy, the dilemma of AChE selectivity over BChE, BBB permeability of peptidic BACE-1 inhibitors, hurdles related to the implementation of vaccination and immunization therapy, and clinical failure of candidates related to newly available targets. The present review provides an insight to the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the AD and potential therapeutic strategies, enlightening perceptions into structural information of conventional and novel targets along with the successful applications of computational approaches for the design of target-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pavan Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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84
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Groenendyk J, Paskevicius T, Urra H, Viricel C, Wang K, Barakat K, Hetz C, Kurgan L, Agellon LB, Michalak M. Cyclosporine A binding to COX-2 reveals a novel signaling pathway that activates the IRE1α unfolded protein response sensor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16678. [PMID: 30420769 PMCID: PMC6232179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine, a widely used immunosuppressant in organ transplantation and in treatment of various autoimmune diseases, activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), an ER stress coping response. In this study we discovered a new and unanticipated cyclosporine-dependent signaling pathway, with cyclosporine triggering direct activation of the UPR. COX-2 binds to and activates IRE1α, leading to IRE1α splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Molecular interaction and modeling analyses identified a novel interaction site for cyclosporine with COX-2 which caused enhancement of COX-2 enzymatic activity required for activation of the IRE1α branch of the UPR. Cyclosporine-dependent activation of COX-2 and IRE1α in mice indicated that cyclosporine-COX-2-IRE1α signaling pathway was functional in vivo. These findings identify COX-2 as a new IRE1α binding partner and regulator of the IRE1α branch of the UPR pathway, and establishes the mechanism underlying cytotoxicity associated with chronic cyclosporine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Groenendyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S7, Canada
| | - Tautvydas Paskevicius
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S7, Canada
| | - Hery Urra
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clement Viricel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S7, Canada
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LPMC, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S7, Canada
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,The Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284, USA
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S7, Canada.
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85
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Enhanced delivery of naproxen to the viable epidermis from an activated poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) Nanogel: Skin penetration, modulation of COX-2 expression and rat paw oedema. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2051-2059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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86
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COX-2 Inhibition mediated anti-angiogenic activatable prodrug potentiates cancer therapy in preclinical models. Biomaterials 2018; 185:63-72. [PMID: 30223141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis, i.e., blocking the angiogenic pathway, has been considered as an important component in current cancer therapeutic modalities. However, the associated benefits have proven to be modest as tumor angiogenesis and regrowth persist, probably due to other ill-defined complex angiogenic mechanisms. Herein, we developed an indomethacin (IMC) incorporating system to mediate hypoxia responsive prodrug (TA) and diagnostic agent (DA) in cancer theranostic applications. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) elevated expression in several cancer types is closely associated with severe tumor supporting vascularization factors. Our strategy utilizing COX-2 inhibition augmented the anti-angiogenetic induced hypoxia responsive prodrug activation well. Both in vitro and in vivo results proved that DA and TA exhibited specificity towards COX-2 positive (+ve) HeLa and A549 cancer cell lines and activation under hypoxic conditions. Compared with controls (R1, and anticancer drug SN-38), TA displayed prolonged tumor retention and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in xenograft mouse models at a reduced dosage. Our results significantly highlighted the importance of COX-2 blockade mediated anti-angiogenesis in complementing the hypoxia-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) and could to beneficial for the rapid development of more efficacious antitumor therapeutics.
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87
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Attiq A, Jalil J, Husain K, Ahmad W. Raging the War Against Inflammation With Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:976. [PMID: 30245627 PMCID: PMC6137277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decade Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs of choice for treating numerous inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. The NSAIDs produces anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme, responsible for the conversation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Likewise, cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2) selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme and produces significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activity without producing COX-1 associated gastrointestinal and renal side effects. In last two decades numerous selective COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) have been developed and approved for various inflammatory conditions. However, data from clinical trials have suggested that the prolong use of COX-2 inhibitors are also associated with life threatening cardiovascular side effects including ischemic heart failure and myocardial infection. In these scenario secondary metabolites from natural product offers a great hope for the development of novel anti-inflammatory compounds. Although majority of the natural product based compounds exhibit more selectively toward COX-1. However, the data suggest that slight structural modification can be helpful in developing COX-2 selective secondary metabolites with comparative efficacy and limited side effects. This review is an effort to highlight the secondary metabolites from terrestrial and marine source with significant COX-2 and COX-2 mediated PGE2 inhibitory activity, since it is anticipated that isolates with ability to inhibit COX-2 mediated PGE2 production would be useful in suppressing the inflammation and its classical sign and symptoms. Moreover, this review has highlighted the potential lead compounds including berberine, kaurenoic acid, α-cyperone, curcumin, and zedoarondiol for further development with the help of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and their current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairana Husain
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Waqas Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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88
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Martinez-Marti A, Navarro A, Felip E. COX-2 inhibitors in NSCLC: never-ending story or misplaced? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018; 7:S191-S194. [PMID: 30393598 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.04.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Navarro
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Felip
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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89
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Punganuru SR, Madala HR, Mikelis CM, Dixit A, Arutla V, Srivenugopal KS. Conception, synthesis, and characterization of a rofecoxib-combretastatin hybrid drug with potent cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibiting and microtubule disrupting activities in colon cancer cell culture and xenograft models. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26109-26129. [PMID: 29899846 PMCID: PMC5995258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance pose severe limitations to chemotherapy of colorectal cancers (CRCs) necessitating innovative approaches to trigger multiple cytocidal events for increased efficacy. Here, we developed a hybrid drug called KSS19 by combining the COX-2 selective NSAID rofecoxib with the cis-stilbene found in combretastatin A4 (CA4), a problematic, but potent antimicrotubule and anti-angiogenesis agent. The structural design of KSS19 completely prevented the isomerization of CA4 its biologically inactive trans-form. Molecular modeling showed that KSS19 bound avidly to the COX-2 active site and colchicine -binding site of tubulin, with similar docking scores of rofecoxib and CA4 respectively. KSS-19 showed potent anti-proliferative activity against a panel of colon cancer cell lines; HT29 cells, which are resistant to CA4 were 100 times more sensitive to KSS19. The hybrid drug potently inhibited the tubulin polymerization in vitro and in cells inducing a G2/M arrest and aberrant mitotic spindles. Both the basal and LPS-activated levels of COX-2 in colon cancer cells were highly suppressed by the KSS-19. The cancer cell migration/invasion was inhibited and accompanied by increased E-cadherin levels and activated NF-kB/Snail pathways in KSS19-treated cells. The drug also curtailed the formation of endothelial tubes in three-dimensional cultures of the HUVE cells at 250 nM, indicating strong anti-angiogenic properties. In subcutaneous HT29 colon cancer xenografts, KSS19, as a single agent (25 mg/kg/day) significantly inhibited the tumor growth and downregulated the intratumoral COX-2, Ki-67, the angiogenesis marker CD31, however, the cleaved caspase-3 was elevated. Collectively, KSS19 represents a rational hybrid drug with clinical relevance to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra R Punganuru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Hanumantha Rao Madala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Viswanath Arutla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Kalkunte S Srivenugopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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90
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Takahashi T, Hagiwara A, Ogiwara K. Prostaglandins in teleost ovulation: A review of the roles with a view to comparison with prostaglandins in mammalian ovulation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:236-247. [PMID: 28919301 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins are well known to be central regulators of vertebrate ovulation. Studies addressing the role of prostaglandins in mammalian ovulation have established that they are involved in the processes of oocyte maturation and cumulus oocyte complex expansion. In contrast, despite the first indication of the role of prostaglandins in teleost ovulation appearing 40 years ago, the mechanistic background of their role has long been unknown. However, studies conducted on medaka over the past decade have provided valuable information. Emerging evidence indicates an indispensable role of prostaglandin E2 and its receptor subtype Ptger4b in the process of follicle rupture. In this review, we summarize studies addressing the role of prostaglandins in teleost ovulation and describe recent advances. To help understand differences from and similarities to ovulation in mammalian species, the findings on the roles of prostaglandins in mammalian ovulation are discussed in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Akane Hagiwara
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Katsueki Ogiwara
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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91
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Obermoser V, Baecker D, Schuster C, Braun V, Kircher B, Gust R. Chlorinated cobalt alkyne complexes derived from acetylsalicylic acid as new specific antitumor agents. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4341-4351. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04790h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine-substituted [(prop-2-ynyl)-2-acetoxybenzoate]dicobalthexacarbonyl complexes are selective COX-2 inhibitors with growth-inhibitory potential against COX-1/2 containing MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 tumor cell lines. The metabolic activity of non-tumorigenic HS-5 cells and COX-1/2-independent MCF-7 cells is not influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Obermoser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
- University of Innsbruck
- CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
- University of Innsbruck
- CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine
| | - Carina Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
- University of Innsbruck
- CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine
| | - Valentin Braun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
- University of Innsbruck
- CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Immunobiology and Stem Cell Laboratory
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology)
- Innsbruck Medical University
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Institute of Pharmacy
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck
- University of Innsbruck
- CCB – Centrum for Chemistry and Biomedicine
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92
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Belhomme N, Doudnikoff C, Polard E, Henriot B, Isly H, Jego P. Aspirine : indications et utilisation durant la grossesse. Rev Med Interne 2017; 38:825-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.10.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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93
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Regulski M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Prukała W, Dutkiewicz Z, Regulska K, Stanisz B, Murias M. Synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation of novel trans-stilbene analogues as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:141-151. [PMID: 29191502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
25 new trans-stilbene and trans-stilbazole derivatives were investigated using in vitro and in silico techniques. The selectivity and potency of the compounds were assessed using commercial ELISA test. The obtained results were incorporated into 2D QSAR assay. The most promising compound 4-nitro-3',4',5'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (N1) was synthetized and its potency and selectivity were confirmed. N1 was classified as preferential COX-2 inhibitor. Its ability to inhibit COX-2 in MCF-7 cell line was established and its cytotoxicity by MTT test was assessed. The compound was more cytotoxic than celecoxib within studied concentration range. Finally, the investigated trans-stilbene was docked into COX-1 and COX-2 active sites using "CDOCKER" protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Regulski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Toxicology, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Toxicology, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiesław Prukała
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Nucleosides and Nucleotides Chemistry, 89b Umultowska Street, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Dutkiewicz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Regulska
- Greater Poland Oncology Center, Clinical Pharmacy, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Stanisz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Toxicology, 30 Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
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94
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Elhamouly M, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Expression and localization of cyclooxygenases in the oviduct of laying hens during the ovulatory cycle. Theriogenology 2017; 101:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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95
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Jaksevicius A, Carew M, Mistry C, Modjtahedi H, Opara EI. Inhibitory Effects of Culinary Herbs and Spices on the Growth of HCA-7 Colorectal Cancer Cells and Their COX-2 Expression. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101051. [PMID: 28934138 PMCID: PMC5691668 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear if the anti-inflammatory properties of culinary herbs and spices (CHS) are linked to their ability to inhibit Colorectal cancer cell (CRC) growth. Furthermore, their therapeutic potential with regards to CRC is unknown. The aim of this study was to establish if the inhibition of HCA-7 CRC cell growth by a selection of culinary herbs and spices (CHS) is linked to the inhibition of the cells’ cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 )expression, and to investigate their therapeutic potential. CHS inhibited the growth of Human colon adenocarcinoma-7 (HCA-7) cells; the order of potency was turmeric, bay leaf, ginger, sage, and rosemary; their combinations had a synergistic or additive effect on cell growth inhibition. CHS also inhibited COX-2 expression and activity; this action was comparable to that of the specific COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib. Coincident with COX-2 inhibition was the accumulation of cells in the sub G1 phase of the HCA-7’s cell cycle and, using bay leaf and turmeric, the cleavage of caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This latter effect showed that the effect of these CHS on growth arrest was irreversible, and was comparable to that of the caspase activator Etoposide. This study provides evidence of a link between the inhibition of HCA-7 growth, and its COX-2 expression, by CHS, and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Jaksevicius
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Mark Carew
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Calli Mistry
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Helmout Modjtahedi
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Elizabeth I Opara
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
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96
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Zahran WE, Elsonbaty SM, Moawed FSM. Selenium nanoparticles with low-level ionizing radiation exposure ameliorate nicotine-induced inflammatory impairment in rat kidney. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19980-19989. [PMID: 28691127 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to low-level ionizing radiation (<1 Gy) was shown to enhance cell protection via attenuating an established inflammatory process. Nicotine, a major toxic component of cigarette smoke, is responsible for smoking-mediated renal dysfunction. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the protective impact of ginger Zingiber officinale selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with whole-body low-dose gamma radiation (γ-R) against nicotine-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats. Nicotine intoxication was induced with 0.5 mg/kg BW. Rats received 0.1 mg SeNPs/kg BW by gastric gavage concomitant with 0.5 Gy γ-R over 4 weeks. Characterization studies showed the formation of spherical SeNPs with a size ranged from 10 to 30 nm in diameter with a thin film encapsulating the nanoballs. Our data revealed that nicotine induced renal dysfunction manifested by significant abnormal levels of kidney function markers (creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium) accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde along with a reduction in glutathione level, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase activities. It is worthy to note that nicotine toxicity induced significant increments in serum inflammatory markers: tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular cell adhesion protein 1. Western blotting showed marked significant elevation in caspase-3 activities against nicotine. The mRNA gene expression of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 gene was highly increased with nicotine intoxication while that of cyclooxygenase-1 did not show any changes. Interestingly, our data demonstrated that SeNPs in synergistic interaction with γ-R are efficacious control against nicotine-induced nephrotoxicity via anti-oxidant-mediated anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, it is tempting to recommend dietary approaches with ginger SeNPs for smokers at workplaces exposed occupationally and regularly to low-level ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid E Zahran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sawsan M Elsonbaty
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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97
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Verdoodt F, Kjaer S, Friis S. Influence of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAID use on ovarian and endometrial cancer: Summary of epidemiologic evidence of cancer risk and prognosis. Maturitas 2017; 100:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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98
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Liao X, Wang W, Fan C, Yang N, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Gao R, Shen G, Xia S, Li G. Prokaryotic expression, purification and characterization of human cyclooxygenase-2. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:75-82. [PMID: 28560423 PMCID: PMC5466394 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into prostaglandins (PGs). It plays an important role in pathophysiological processes, such as tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor cell drug resistance. Therefore, COX-2 has been viewed as an important target for cancer therapy. The preparation of COX-2 protein is an important initial step for the subsequent development of COX-2 inhibitors. In this study, we report a strategy to heterologously express truncated human COX-2 (trCOX-2) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21(DE3) host cells. Following denaturation, purification and renaturation, we successfully obtained enzymatically active trCOX-2 containing 257 residues of the C-terminus. Homology modeling and molecular docking analyses revealed that trCOX-2 retained the predicted 3D catalytic domain structure and AA could still bind to its hydrophobic groove. Western blot analysis and ELISA indicated that the trCOX-2 still retained its characteristic antigenicity and binding activity, while COX assays revealed that trCOX-2 maintained its enzyme activity. On the whole, in this study, we provided a novel method to isolate trCOX-2 possessing AA binding and catalytic activities. This study thus lays a foundation to facilitate further investigations of COX-2 and offers a valuable method with which to achieve the prokaryotic expression of a eukaryotic membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Liao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxi Fan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jialiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Ruijuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Guannan Shen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Simin Xia
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Guiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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99
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kalantaripour TP, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Sheibani V, Najafipour H, Asadi-Shekaari M M. Apelin-13 protects rat primary cortical glia-neuron co-culture against pentylenetetrazole-induced toxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:661-668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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100
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Bickley LK, van Aerle R, Brown AR, Hargreaves A, Huby R, Cammack V, Jackson R, Santos EM, Tyler CR. Bioavailability and Kidney Responses to Diclofenac in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1764-1774. [PMID: 28068076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is one of the most widely prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs worldwide. It is frequently detected in surface waters; however, whether this pharmaceutical poses a risk to aquatic organisms is debated. Here we quantified the uptake of diclofenac by the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) following aqueous exposure (0.2-25.0 μg L-1) for 21 days, and evaluated the tissue and biomolecular responses in the kidney. Diclofenac accumulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in the plasma of exposed fish. The highest plasma concentration observed (for fish exposed to 25 μg L-1 diclofenac) was within the therapeutic range for humans. There was a strong positive correlation between exposure concentration and the number of developing nephrons observed in the posterior kidney. Diclofenac was not found to modulate the expression of genes in the kidney associated with its primary mode of action in mammals (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases) but modulated genes associated with kidney repair and regeneration. There were no significant adverse effects following 21 days exposure to concentrations typical of surface waters. The combination of diclofenac's uptake potential, effects on kidney nephrons and relatively small safety margin for some surface waters may warrant a longer term chronic health effects analysis for diclofenac in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Bickley
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, U.K
| | - A Ross Brown
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - Adam Hargreaves
- AstraZeneca Drug Safety and Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, U.K
- PathCelerate Ltd. The BioHub at Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Russell Huby
- Bioscript, St Peter's Institute , Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 7HS, U.K
| | - Victoria Cammack
- AstraZeneca Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, U.K
| | - Richard Jackson
- AstraZeneca Drug Safety and Metabolism, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, U.K
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London , De Crespigny Park, Box 63, SE5 8AF, London, U.K
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, EX4 4QD, U.K
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