1
|
Munn R, Whittem T. Moxidectin is a candidate for use as an in vivo internal standard in pharmacokinetic studies, as demonstrated with use in simultaneous tissue cage and ultrafiltration fluid collection. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1332974. [PMID: 38292465 PMCID: PMC10824831 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1332974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In vivo ultrafiltration has been used in veterinary pharmacokinetics since the early 2000's as an improvement on the tissue cage model which enables sampling of fluids from extra-circulatory compartments. Variability in analyte recovery from ultrafiltration samples, due to membrane fouling or tissue inflammation, has been a concern for this technique. Internal standards may be used to scale or verify the unknown result, such as is common in analytical extractions and in vivo microdialysis. Eight merino sheep were implanted with subcutaneous tissue cages and 2 weeks prior to the initiation of the study the sheep were injected with 0.2 mg/kg moxidectin subcutaneously. On the day of the study ultrafiltration probes were inserted subcutaneously. At time zero 4 mg/kg of carprofen was injected intravenously. Plasma, tissue cage, and ultrafiltration samples were taken 30 min before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 24, 36, 48, 72 h after dosing. Carprofen and moxidectin concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using Monolix for both the carprofen concentrations and the moxidectin corrected carprofen concentrations. The ultrafiltration probes failed to consistently produce enough sample volume to analyse. Moxidectin concentrations in the plasma and tissue cage fluid were stable throughout the 72 h sampling window. Moxidectin proved to be suitable as an in vivo internal standard for pharmacokinetic research using, tissue cages, plasma sampling and ultrafiltration probes, but the application of ultrafiltration techniques requires refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Munn
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
- Cognosco, Anexa Veterinary Services, Morrinsville, New Zealand
| | - Ted Whittem
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shuttleworth JR, Behrens KN, Biggo MR, Horne RL, Cox S, Lakritz J, Tinga S. Effect of storage duration on carprofen concentration measurements in dog plasma. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2022-2025. [PMID: 37471576 PMCID: PMC10508557 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage of samples may be necessary prior to testing drug levels in certain study designs; however, the effect of storage duration on measured drug levels is not known for all drugs. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of carprofen in canine plasma when stored at -80°C for 6 months. METHODS Six healthy dogs were enrolled (1-10 years old, 17-35 kg) and received compounded carprofen at 2.2 mg/kg orally every 12 h for 2 days. On the third day, blood was collected immediately before the morning dose (trough), then 1 and 6 h after the dose (sampling timepoint). Whole blood was immediately centrifuged, and plasma was stored at -80°C. Plasma carprofen concentration was measured at day 2, week 2 and then monthly for 6 months using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The measured carprofen concentrations were analysed statistically using a linear mixed effects model. RESULTS There was no effect of storage time over 6 months (p = 0.891) on measured carprofen levels. Although there was an effect of sampling timepoint (0, 1 and 6 h) (p < 0.001), the interaction between storage timepoint and sampling timepoint was not statistically significant (p = 1). CONCLUSIONS Carprofen-laden canine plasma samples can be stored for up to 6 months before analysis with no degradation in carprofen concentrations expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morgan R. Biggo
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rikki L. Horne
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Sherry Cox
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary MedicineKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jeffrey Lakritz
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Selena Tinga
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
- Present address:
Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uney K, Yuksel M, Durna Corum D, Coskun D, Turk E, Dingil HB, Corum O. Effect of Xylazine on Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Efficacy of Intravenous Carprofen in Castrated Goats Kids. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2700. [PMID: 37684964 PMCID: PMC10486870 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carprofen can be used in the castration process of male goats due to its low side effects, long elimination half-life, and long-term effect. However, no studies were found on the pharmacokinetics and physiological efficacy of carprofen when employed for castration in male goats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg, intramuscular) on the pharmacokinetics and physiological efficacy following intravenous administration of carprofen (4 mg/kg, intravenous) in male goat kids castrated using the burdizzo method. Thirty male Kilis goat kids (5-6 months and 18-30 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6) as follows: healthy control (HC), castration control (CAST), castration+carprofen (CAST+CRP), castration+xylazine (CAST+XYL), and castration+xylazine+carprofen (CAST+XYL+CRP). Plasma concentrations of carprofen were analyzed via a non-compartmental method. Physiological parameters including serum cortisol, scrotal temperature, rectal temperature, and scrotal circumference were determined. Xylazine caused a decrease in the volume of distribution and clearance and an increase in the area under the curve of carprofen in CAST+XYL+CRP group (p < 0.05). The mean cortisol concentrations in CAST+CRP and CAST+XYL remained lower compared to CAST (p < 0.05). The mean cortisol concentrations in CAST+XYL+CRP were lower than in CAST+CRP and CAST+XYL (p < 0.05). In addition, the effect of carprofen administration alone on reducing the initial cortisol response to castration was observed from 6 to 48 h, while in combination with xylazine, it was observed immediately up to 48 h. No treatment differences were observed in rectal temperature, scrotal temperature, and scrotal circumference (p > 0.05). Xylazine caused an increase in plasma concentration and a decrease in clearance of carprofen after co-administration. However, when the effect of the combined administration of carprofen with xylazine on cortisol is evaluated, their combined use in castration process may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya 42003, Türkiye
| | - Murat Yuksel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay 31060, Türkiye;
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay 31060, Türkiye; (D.D.C.); (E.T.); (O.C.)
| | - Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt 56100, Türkiye;
| | - Erdinc Turk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay 31060, Türkiye; (D.D.C.); (E.T.); (O.C.)
| | - Hasan Basri Dingil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay 31060, Türkiye;
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay 31060, Türkiye; (D.D.C.); (E.T.); (O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dumitrascu F, Caira MR, Avram S, Buiu C, Udrea AM, Vlad IM, Zarafu I, Ioniță P, Nuță DC, Popa M, Chifiriuc MC, Limban C. Repurposing anti-inflammatory drugs for fighting planktonic and biofilm growth. New carbazole derivatives based on the NSAID carprofen: synthesis, in silico and in vitro bioevaluation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1181516. [PMID: 37680749 PMCID: PMC10482414 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1181516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the promising leads for the rapid discovery of alternative antimicrobial agents is to repurpose other drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) for fighting bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance. Methods A series of new carbazole derivatives based on the readily available anti-inflammatory drug carprofen has been obtained by nitration, halogenation and N-alkylation of carprofen and its esters. The structures of these carbazole compounds were assigned by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Regioselective electrophilic substitution by nitration and halogenation at the carbazole ring was assigned from H NMR spectra. The single crystal X-ray structures of two representative derivatives obtained by dibromination of carprofen, were also determined. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using the DPPH method. The antimicrobial activity assay was performed using quantitative methods, allowing establishment of the minimal inhibitory/bactericidal/biofilm eradication concentrations (MIC/MBC/MBEC) on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) strains. Computational assays have been performed to assess the drug- and lead-likeness, pharmacokinetics (ADME-Tox) and pharmacogenomics profiles. Results and discussion The crystal X-ray structures of 3,8-dibromocarprofen and its methyl ester have revealed significant differences in their supramolecular assemblies. The most active antioxidant compound was 1i, bearing one chlorine and two bromine atoms, as well as the CO2Me group. Among the tested derivatives, 1h bearing one chlorine and two bromine atoms has exhibited the widest antibacterial spectrum and the most intensive inhibitory activity, especially against the Gram-positive strains, in planktonic and biofilm growth state. The compounds 1a (bearing one chlorine, one NO2 and one CO2Me group) and 1i (bearing one chlorine, two bromine atoms and a CO2Me group) exhibited the best antibiofilm activity in the case of the P. aeruginosa strain. Moreover, these compounds comply with the drug-likeness rules, have good oral bioavailability and are not carcinogenic or mutagenic. The results demonstrate that these new carbazole derivatives have a molecular profile which deserves to be explored further for the development of novel antibacterial and antibiofilm agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florea Dumitrascu
- ”C. D. Nenitzescu” Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Center for Organic Chemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mino R. Caira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Speranta Avram
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology, and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Buiu
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Udrea
- Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Margareta Vlad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Zarafu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petre Ioniță
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Camelia Nuță
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana-Carmen Chifiriuc
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Biological Sciences Section, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Limban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manolov S, Ivanov I, Bojilov D, Nedialkov P. Synthesis, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and HRMS Analysis of New Amphetamine Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010151. [PMID: 36615344 PMCID: PMC9822421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the obtaining of new hybrid molecules of amphetamine with different profens (amfens). The obtained amfens are characterized by their melting points, UV, 1H-, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectra. A complete and detailed mass spectral analysis of the newly obtained derivatives of amphetamine with ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and carprofen was performed. In vitro inhibition of albumin denaturation of each new compound was assessed, and they showed significant activity. The IC50 values of the obtained amphetamine-profen derivatives ranged from 92.81 to 159.87 µg/mL. This indicates that the new hybrids inherit the anti-inflammatory properties of profens. Using in silico method, the toxicity was also calculated. The obtained results are given in LD50 values. Depending on the route of administration, the amfens are less toxic compared to the standard amphetamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanimir Manolov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax:+359-32-261-349
| | - Dimitar Bojilov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chalifoux NV, Butty EM, Mauro KD, Moyle RB, Ehrhardt CM, Robertson JB, Labato MA, Culler CA, Londoño LA, Vigani A, Ueda Y, Suter SE, Lynch AM. Outcomes of 434 dogs with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis treated with fluid therapy, lipid emulsion, or therapeutic plasma exchange. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 37:161-172. [PMID: 36453531 PMCID: PMC9889694 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intoxication includes gastrointestinal decontamination, intravenous administration of fluids (IVF), and gastroprotection. Intravenous administration of lipid emulsion (ILE) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are popular novel therapeutic strategies. HYPOTHESIS Compare outcomes of dogs treated with IVF, ILE, and TPE for NSAID intoxications and evaluate outcome predictors for drug subgroups. ANIMALS Four hundred thirty-four dogs with NSAID intoxications (2015-2020). METHODS Multicenter retrospective study of ibuprofen, carprofen, and naproxen intoxication. An ordinal outcome was defined as mild gastrointestinal, moderate kidney, or signs of severe central nervous system disease. RESULTS Signs of neurological disease were overrepresented and acute kidney injury underrepresented in the TPE group among dogs exposed to kidney- or CNS-toxic doses (P = .05), though all TPE dogs with signs of neurological disease had evidence of neurotoxicity at presentation. Dogs treated with IVF had a higher maximal creatinine concentration (median, 1.1 mg/dL; range, 0.4-8.44 mg/dL) compared with IVF + ILE (median, 0.9 mg/dL; range, 0.4-6.2 mg/dL; P = .01). Increased maximum time to presentation (P < .001), higher baseline creatinine (P < .001) and PCV (P = .007), and absence of induced emesis (P < .001) were associated with greater clinical severity. Ibuprofen toxicosis was associated with more severe clinical signs compared with carprofen (P = .03). Overall survival rate was 99%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE NSAID toxicosis generally carries an excellent prognosis in dogs. Despite similar outcomes of lower incidence of AKI in the TPE group, and slightly lower maximal creatinine concentration in dogs treated with ILE vs IVF alone, ILE and TPE should be considered in the management of severe NSAID toxicosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nolan V. Chalifoux
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Emmanuelle M. Butty
- Department of Clinical SciencesTufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Foster Hospital for Small AnimalsNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Katie D. Mauro
- Small Animal Clinical SciencesMichigan State University, College of Veterinary MedicineEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | | | - Caryn M. Ehrhardt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of Florida, College of Veterinary MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - James B. Robertson
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University, College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mary A. Labato
- Department of Clinical SciencesTufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Foster Hospital for Small AnimalsNorth GraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Alessio Vigani
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University, College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Steven E. Suter
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University, College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alex M. Lynch
- Department of Clinical SciencesNorth Carolina State University, College of Veterinary MedicineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Butty EM, Suter SE, Chalifoux NV, Lynch AM, Mauro KD, Moyle RB, Ehrhardt CM, Robertson JB, Culler CA, Londoño LA, Vigani A, Ueda Y, Labato MA. Outcomes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange in 62 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1641-1647. [PMID: 35930372 PMCID: PMC9511067 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is gaining popularity for the management of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) overdose in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Describe a population of dogs treated with TPE for NSAID overdose. ANIMALS Sixty-two dogs with NSAID overdose treated with TPE. METHODS Multicenter retrospective study of dogs treated with TPE for ibuprofen, carprofen, or naproxen overdose. RESULTS The median dose of ibuprofen, carprofen or naproxen ingested was 533 mg/kg (range, 36-4857 mg/kg), 217 mg/kg (range, 88-625 mg/kg) and 138 mg/kg (range, 26-3000 mg/kg), respectively. Based on previously established toxic ranges for each NSAID, 2 (3.2%), 14 (22.6%), and 46 (74.2%) dogs ingested a gastrointestinal, renal, and neurological toxic dose, respectively. The median time between ingestion and presentation was 4 hours (range, 1-20 hours). The median number of plasma volumes processed was 1.6 (range, 0.4-2.2). The median TPE session duration was 2 hours (range, 1-4.5 hours). Circuit clotting developed during 8 (12.9%) sessions. Patient adverse events reported during 21 (33.8%) sessions consisted of urticaria (12.9%), asymptomatic hypocalcemia (9.6%), and hypotension (9.6%). The median duration of hospitalization was 2.25 days (range, 1-11 days). Sixty-one (98.4%) dogs survived to discharge, and none were rehospitalized. Thirty-one (91.1%) of the 34 dogs with at least 1 follow-up visit were not azotemic at the time of reevaluation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This population of dogs managed with TPE had excellent outcomes, even in cases of high NSAID dose ingestion. When TPE is available and the time frame is appropriate, this extracorporeal modality should be considered for the management of NSAID overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M Butty
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, N. Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven E Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nolan V Chalifoux
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex M Lynch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katie D Mauro
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Caryn M Ehrhardt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James B Robertson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Leonel A Londoño
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alessio Vigani
- Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mary A Labato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Foster Hospital for Small Animals, N. Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coskun D, Corum O, Durna Corum D, Uney K, Elmas M. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carprofen in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:543-549. [PMID: 35768899 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carprofen in sheep following single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations of a parenteral formulation at a dose of 4 mg/kg. A total of eight sheep were used for the investigation. The study comprised four periods, according to a crossover design with a 21-day washout period between treatments. Plasma concentrations of carprofen were measured using HPLC-UV. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental model analysis. Following IV administration, t1/2ʎz , ClT , and Vdss were 43.36 h, 1.98 ml/h/kg, and 121.36 ml/kg, respectively. The Cmax(obs) was 26.57 mg/ml for the IM, 23.76 mg/ml for the SC, and 15.90 mg/ml for the PO. The bioavailability following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 75.47%, 82.00%, and 62.51%, respectively. Plasma creatine kinase activity increased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h following IM administration of carprofen. Despite differences in plasma concentrations and bioavailability among administration routes, carprofen at 4 mg/kg dose may provide the plasma concentration (>1.5 μg/ml) needed for analgesic effect during 144 h in all routes. However, because of the slow absorption rate after SC and PO routes, the IV route may be preferred primarily for the rapid onset in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of carprofen in sheep. Despite the favorable kinetics, the muscle damage caused by IM injection limits use of carprofen via IM route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkiye
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Muammer Elmas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corum O, Coskun D, Durna Corum D, Ider M, Yildiz R, Ok M, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics of carprofen following single and repeated intravenous administrations of different doses in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:481-487. [PMID: 35748159 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of carprofen following single and repeated intravenous (IV) administrations at 1.4 and 4 mg/kg doses in sheep. The study was carried out on twelve sheep in two experiments as single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics. In experiment 1, carprofen was administered via IV at single doses of 1.4 (n = 6) and 4 mg/kg (n = 6) in a randomized parallel design. In experiment 2, the same dose groups in experiment 1 following the 21-day washout period received intravenously carprofen every 24 h for 5 days. Plasma concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV and analyzed by a two-compartment open model. After the single administration of 1.4 mg/kg dose, the t1/2α , t1/2el , MRT, ClT , Vdss , and AUC were 0.62 h, 27.57 h, 38.78 h, 2.72 ml/h/kg, 105.26 ml/kg, and 515.12 h*μg/ml, respectively. Carprofen at a single dose of 4 mg/kg showed prolonged t1/2el and MRT, and increased Vdss . On day 5 after the repeated administration of the 1.4 mg/kg dose, the t1/2α , t1/2el , MRT, ClT , Vdss , and AUC were 1.12 h, 57.48 h, 82.18 h, 0.55 ml/h/kg, 45.43 ml/kg, and 2532 h*μg/ml, respectively. Carprofen at a repeated dose of 4 mg/kg showed increased ClT and Vdss and decreased AUC/dose. Although the long t1/2ʎz in single and multiple IV dose studies suggest the possibility of its effective use, the IV route may not be practical in sheep. Therefore, oral and subcutaneous routes of carprofen in sheep would be more valuable in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkiye
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Merve Ider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur, Turkiye
| | - Mahmut Ok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gómez-Segura L, Boix-Montañes A, Mallandrich M, Parra-Coca A, Soriano-Ruiz JL, Calpena AC, Gimeno Á, Bellido D, Colom H. Swine as the Animal Model for Testing New Formulations of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Carprofen Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the Intramuscular Route. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1045. [PMID: 35631631 PMCID: PMC9143053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carprofen (CP) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently used to treat respiratory diseases in numerous small animals, but also in large species. CP is a formidable candidate for further therapeutic research of human inflammatory diseases using the pig as an animal model. However, CP administration in swine is very uncommon and respective pharmacokinetics/bioavailability studies are scarce. A simultaneous population pharmacokinetic analysis after CP intravenous and intramuscular administrations in pigs has shown high extent and rate of absorption and a similar distribution profile with respect to man and other mammals. However, clearance and half-life values found in swine suggest a slower elimination process than that observed in man and some other animal species. Although not reported in other species, liver and kidney concentrations achieved at 48 h post-intramuscular administration in pigs were ten times lower than those found in plasma. Simulations pointed to 4 mg/kg every 24 h as the best dosage regimen to achieve similar therapeutic levels to those observed in other animal species. All these findings support the use of pig as an animal model to study the anti-inflammatory effects of CP in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gómez-Segura
- Department of Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Antoni Boix-Montañes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (A.C.C.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (A.C.C.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Parra-Coca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota 111166, Colombia;
| | - José L. Soriano-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (A.C.C.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gimeno
- Department of Animal Research, Animal House of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, CCiT-UB, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - David Bellido
- Department of Separative Techniques, Scientific and Technological Centers, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Helena Colom
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-M.); (A.C.C.); (H.C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mishra R, Behera LM, Rana S. Binding of raloxifene to human complement fragment 5a ( hC5a): a perspective on cytokine storm and COVID19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:982-994. [PMID: 32930050 PMCID: PMC7544936 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1820381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human C5a (hC5a), one of the pro-inflammatory glycoproteins of the complement system is known to undergo production hyperdrive in response to stress and infection. hC5a has been associated with the pathogenesis of many chronic and acute diseases, due to its proven ability in triggering the 'cytokine storm', by binding to its cognate receptor C5aR, expressed in myriad of tissues. Given the pleiotropic downstream function of hC5a, it is logical to consider the hC5a or its precursors as potential drug targets, and thus, we have been rationally pursuing the idea of neutralizing the harmful effect of excessive hC5a, by implementing the repurposing strategies for FDA-approved drugs. Indeed, the proof of principle biophysical studies published recently is encouraging, which strongly supports the potential of this strategy. Considering BSA-carprofen as a reference model system, the current study further explores the inherent conformational plasticity of hC5a and its effect in accommodating more than one drug molecule cooperatively at multiple sites. The data generated by recruiting a battery of experimental and computational biology techniques strongly suggest that hC5a can sequentially accommodate more than one raloxifene molecule with an estimated Ki ∼ 0.5 µM and Ki ∼ 3.58 µM on its surface at non-analogous sites. The study hints at exploration of polypharmacology approach, as a new avenue for discovering synergistic drug molecule pairs, or drug molecules with 'broad-range' binding affinity for targeting the different 'hot spots' on hC5a, as an alternative combination therapy for possible management of the 'cytokine storm'-related inflammatory diseases, like COVID19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Mishra
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lalita Mohan Behera
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Soumendra Rana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Buseman M, Blong AE, Walton RAL. Successful management of severe carprofen toxicity with manual therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:675-679. [PMID: 35527394 PMCID: PMC9790471 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the use of manual therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in a dog with severe carprofen toxicity. SUMMARY A 12-year-old neutered female Pembroke Welsh Corgi weighing 20 kg was evaluated after ingesting 223 mg/kg of carprofen. Emesis was attempted with apomorphine at the primary care veterinarian but was unsuccessful, and a dose of activated charcoal with sorbitol was administered. On presentation to the referral center, approximately 8 hours after ingestion, the dog's physical examination revealed mild abdominal discomfort but was otherwise unremarkable. Treatment consisted of a combination of supportive care including activated charcoal with sorbitol, cholestyramine, IV lipid emulsion, and manual TPE. Blood samples were collected prior to the initiation of manual TPE and at the completion of 12 exchange cycles. Carprofen levels were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. A 57% decrease in carprofen levels was achieved with the combination of activated charcoal, cholestyramine, IV lipid emulsion, and manual TPE. The dog did not develop organ dysfunction secondary to toxicity and was discharged 4 days after ingestion. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This report describes the successful decrease of plasma carprofen in a dog with the combination of decontamination techniques and manual TPE. While TPE has been previously reported as a successful therapeutic in dogs with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory toxicity, including carprofen, equipment and expertise of this platform is not readily available. Manual TPE is technically simple and can be performed in any hospital with a large blood centrifuge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Buseman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - April E. Blong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Rebecca A. L. Walton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uney K, Durna Corum D, Terzi E, Corum O. Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Carprofen in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Broodstock. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:990. [PMID: 34208822 PMCID: PMC8309133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of carprofen following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral routes to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock at temperatures of 10 ± 1.5 °C. In this study, thirty-six healthy rainbow trout broodstock (body weight, 1.45 ± 0.30 kg) were used. The plasma concentrations of carprofen were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. Carprofen was measured up to 192 h for IV route and 240 h for IM, and oral routes in plasma. The elimination half-life (t1/2λz) was 30.66, 46.11, and 41.08 h for IV, IM and oral routes, respectively. Carprofen for the IV route showed the total clearance of 0.02 L/h/kg and volume of distribution at steady state of 0.60 L/kg. For IM and oral routes, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 3.96 and 2.52 μg/mL with the time to reach Cmax of 2 and 4 h, respectively. The bioavailability was 121.89% for IM route and 78.66% for oral route. The favorable pharmacokinetic properties such as the good bioavailability and long t1/2λz for IM and oral route of carprofen suggest the possibility of its effective use for the treatment of various conditions in broodstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey; (D.D.C.); (O.C.)
| | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey;
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu 37150, Turkey; (D.D.C.); (O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Turk E, Tekeli IO, Corum O, Durna Corum D, Kirgiz FC, Cetin G, Arslan Atessahin D, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam, carprofen, and tolfenamic acid after intramuscular and oral administration in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:388-396. [PMID: 33846990 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (MLX), carprofen (CRP), and tolfenamic acid (TA) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) following intramuscular (IM) and oral administration at doses of 1, 10, and 2 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 72 quails were randomly divided into 3 equal groups as MLX, CRP, and TA. Each group was separated into two sub-groups that received IM and oral administration of each drug. Plasma concentrations of MLX, CRP, and TA were determined using HPLC-UV and analyzed by non-compartmental method. The t1/2ʎz and MRT of MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration were similar to those after IM administration. The Vdarea /F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.28, 2.05, and 0.20 L/kg. The Cl/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.12, 0.19, and 0.09 L/h/kg. MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration showed significantly lower Cmax and longer Tmax compared with IM administration. The relative bioavailability of MLX, CRP, and TA following oral administration in quails was 76.13%, 61.46%, and 57.32%, respectively. The IM and oral route of MLX, CRP, and TA can be used for the treatment of various conditions in quails. However, further research is necessary to determine the pharmacodynamics and safety of MLX, CRP, and TA before use in quails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Turk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kastamonu, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ceren Kirgiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gul Cetin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Erzincan Binali Yıldırım, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Dilek Arslan Atessahin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cankiri Karatekin, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marolf V, Spadavecchia C, Müller N, Sandersen C, Rohrbach H. Opioid requirements after locoregional anaesthesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: a pilot study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:398-406. [PMID: 33714620 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the intraoperative and early postoperative opioid requirement after ultrasound-guided sciatic and/or femoral nerve block or epidural anaesthesia in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). STUDY DESIGN Prospective, masked, pilot, randomized, clinical trial. ANIMALS A total of 40 client-owned dogs undergoing TPLO. METHODS Each dog was randomly assigned to group SF (combined sciatic and femoral nerve block), group S (sciatic nerve block), group F (femoral nerve block) or group E (epidural anaesthesia). A total of 0.3 mL kg-1 of ropivacaine 0.5% was administered to each nerve or in the epidural space. Intraoperatively, fentanyl (2 μg kg-1) was administered intravenously when heart rate, mean arterial pressure or respiratory rate increased by >30% compared with baseline values. Postoperatively, a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a modified German version of the French pain scale (4AVet) were used to assess pain every 30 minutes for 150 minutes and again once the morning after surgery. Methadone (0.1 mg kg-1) was administered intravenously if the VAS was ≥ 4 cm [maximal value 10 cm; median (interquartile range)] or the composite pain score was ≥5 [maximal value 15; median (interquartile range)]. Significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Groups SF and E required less total intraoperative and early postoperative opioid doses compared with groups S and F (p = 0.031). No dogs in group SF had a block failure or required postoperative methadone. A reduced methadone requirement was found in group SF compared with all the other groups up to 150 minutes after recovery (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined sciatic and femoral nerve block and epidural anaesthesia lead to less cumulative consumption of perioperative opioids than single nerve blockade. Sciatic or femoral nerve block alone might be insufficient to control nociception and early postoperative pain in dogs undergoing TPLO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Marolf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Claudia Spadavecchia
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Müller
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Helene Rohrbach
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raušer P, Fichtel T. Early Analgesic Efficacy of Morphine, Butorphanol, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine or Carprofen After Periodontal Treatment in Dogs. J Vet Dent 2021; 37:184-191. [PMID: 33487074 DOI: 10.1177/0898756420986926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The early effectiveness of 5 analgesics was investigated after periodontal treatment. Dogs were assigned to 6 groups (n = 14 each). A prospective, randomized and blinded clinical study was performed. Before anesthesia was induced, butorphanol, morphine, carprofen and saline were administered. After induction, a maxillary and mandibular block was performed with lidocaine or bupivacaine. Painful periodontal therapies were performed. Two hours after the administration of analgesics and after anesthesia reversal, pain was scored using the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS) and the modified University of Melbourne Pain Score (UMPS). Blood glucose and cortisol levels were measured prior to analgesic administration and again 2 hours later. Rescue analgesia was provided when the VAS exceeded 50 mm or the UMPS exceeded 14 points. Rescue analgesia was required in one patient in the morphine group and one in the carprofen group. The VAS values were significantly lower in the butorphanol group compared to those of the saline group and in the bupivacaine group vs. those in the saline and lidocaine groups. Significantly lower UMPS values were obtained in the bupivacaine group compared to those in the saline, butorphanol and lidocaine groups and in the carprofen group vs. those in the saline and lidocaine groups. Significantly higher serum cortisol values were found in the lidocaine group compared to those in the saline, bupivacaine and carprofen groups. Administration of carprofen or the use of nerve blocks with bupivacaine improved analgesia after periodontal treatment more than did butorphanol, morphine or nerve blocks using lidocaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Raušer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Small Animal Clinic, 48358University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Fichtel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine-Small Animal Clinic, 48358University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bošnjak M, Kržan M, Tratar UL, Dolenc J, Čemažar M, Seliškar A. Pharmacokinetics of carprofen in anaesthetized pigs: a preliminary study. Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:35-41. [PMID: 33303396 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetics of carprofen after a single intravenous (IV) dose and multiple oral doses administered to pigs undergoing electroporation of the pancreas. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS A group of eight female pigs weighing 31.74 ± 2.24 kg (mean ± standard deviation). METHODS Carprofen 4 mg kg-1 was administered IV after placement of a central venous catheter during general anaesthesia with isoflurane. Blood samples were collected 30 seconds before and 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after carprofen administration. Subsequently, the same dose of carprofen was administered orally, daily, for 6 consecutive days and blood collected at 36, 48, 60, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours after initial carprofen administration. Plasma was analysed using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by compartmental analysis of plasma concentration-time curves. Data are presented as mean ± standard error. RESULTS The initial plasma concentration of IV carprofen was estimated at 54.57 ± 3.92 μg mL-1 and decreased to 8.26 ± 1.07 μg mL-1 24 hours later. The plasma elimination curve showed a bi-exponential decline: a rapid distribution phase with a distribution half-life of 0.21 ± 0.03 hours and a slower elimination phase with an elimination half-life of 17.31 ± 3.78 hours. The calculated pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: the area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 357.3 ± 16.73 μg mL-1 hour, volume of distribution was 0.28 ± 0.07 L kg-1 and plasma clearance rate was 0.19 ± 0.009 mL minute-1 kg-1. The plasma concentration of carprofen, administered orally from days 2 to 7, varied from 9.03 ± 1.87 to 11.49 ± 2.15 μg mL-1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Carprofen can be regarded as a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in pigs.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gómez-Segura L, Parra A, Calpena AC, Gimeno Á, Boix-Montañes A. Carprofen Permeation Test through Porcine Ex Vivo Mucous Membranes and Ophthalmic Tissues for Tolerability Assessments: Validation and Histological Study. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040152. [PMID: 33050372 PMCID: PMC7711503 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carprofen (CP), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is profusely used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Some undesirable effects are associated with its systemic administration. Alternative local routes are especially useful to facilitate its administration in animals. The main aim of this paper is to validate the suitability of ex vivo permeation experiments of CP with porcine mucous membranes (buccal, sublingual and vaginal) and ophthalmic tissues (cornea, sclera and conjunctiva) intended to be representative of naïve in vivo conditions. Chromatographic analysis of CP in membrane-permeated samples and drug-retained have been validated following standard bioanalytical guidelines. Then, recovery levels of drugs in tissue samples were assessed with aqueous phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer to preserve the histological integrity. Finally, as a proof of concept, a series of CP permeation tests in vertical Franz diffusion cells has been performed to evaluate permeation flux and permeability constants in all tissues, followed by a histological study for critical evaluation. Furthermore, synthetic tissue retention-like samples were prepared to verify the value of this experimental study. Results show linear relationships with good determination coefficient (R2 > 0.998 and R2 > 0.999) in the range of 0.78 to 6.25 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL, respectively. Low limits of quantification around 0.40 µg/mL were allowed to follow permeation levels until a minimum of 0.40% of the locally-applied dose. This method showed a good accuracy and precision with values lower than 2%. After the recovery technique, reproducible values below 30% were achieved in all tissues, suggesting it is a non-damaging method with low efficiency that requires the use of further solvents to enhance the extraction percentages. After permeation and histology tests, no relevant peak interferences were detected, and no cell or tissue damage was found in any tissue. In conclusion, results demonstrate the suitability of this test to quantify the distribution of CP with good histological tolerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gómez-Segura
- Department of Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Alexander Parra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, RX22+57 Bogota, Colombia;
| | - Ana C. Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gimeno
- Department of Animal Research, Animal House of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, CCiT-UB, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Antonio Boix-Montañes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Morris TH, Paine SW, Zahra PW, Li EC, Colgan SA, Karamatic SL. Pharmacokinetics of carprofen and firocoxib for medication control in racing greyhounds. Aust Vet J 2020; 98:578-585. [PMID: 32875570 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals used in sport should be treated as required to ensure animal welfare but any such use of medication should also be controlled to ensure integrity. Pharmacokinetic studies on groups of six greyhounds were performed to measure plasma and urine levels of carprofen and firocoxib to inform medication control advice. Using the standard methodology for medication control the Irrelevant Plasma Concentration was determined as 20 and 2 ng/mL for carprofen and firocoxib, respectively. The Irrelevant Urine Concentration was also determined as 0.3 and 2 ng/mL for carprofen and firocoxib, respectively. These Irrelevant Plasma and Urine Concentrations will allow laboratory Screening Limits, Detection Times and Withdrawal Time advice to be determined and publicised by regulators of greyhound racing. The Screening Limits will also inform Recommended Limits of Detection if meat-containing residues of these medications are fed to greyhounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T H Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Greyhound Board of Great Britain, London, UK
| | - S W Paine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P W Zahra
- Racing Analytical Services Limited, Flemington, Victoria, Australia
| | - E C Li
- Racing Analytical Services Limited, Flemington, Victoria, Australia.,Agilent Technologies Australia, Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia
| | - S A Colgan
- SCEC Eurofins, Northbridge, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S L Karamatic
- Greyhound Racing Victoria, West Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Farrell KS, Burkitt-Creedon JM, Osborne LG, Gibson EA, Massie AM. Gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to activated charcoal granule impaction in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:461-466. [PMID: 32583603 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a serious adverse event of gastrointestinal obstruction requiring surgery following routine administration of multiple doses of activated charcoal (AC) granules, which were prescribed for carprofen toxicosis. CASE SUMMARY A 2-year-old female neutered Airedale Terrier presented for ingestion of 207 mg/kg of carprofen. Decontamination was initiated with apomorphine to induce emesis. Along with additional supportive care, the dog received an initial dose of 75 mL of AC suspension containing sorbitol by mouth (15.6 g of AC, or 0.6 g/kg), followed by 50 g of AC granules every 8 hours for 4 additional doses. While hospitalized, the dog experienced clinical signs, including vomiting and black diarrhea, as well as bloodwork changes including mild to moderate elevations in kidney and liver enzymes. Given clinical improvement after 72 hours of hospitalization, the patient was discharged for monitoring and ongoing care at home. Two days later, the patient presented again for nausea, dark diarrhea with frank blood, and panting. Abdominal ultrasound showed findings suspicious for partially obstructive foreign material or atypical impacted fecal material partially occluding the distal ileum. Despite medical management overnight, recheck ultrasound the following day demonstrated persistent obstruction with ileal foreign material. Exploratory laparotomy and enterotomy revealed moderate distension and obstruction of the distal ileum with black granular foreign material consistent with charcoal granules. The patient remained in hospital for supportive care for 4 days following the procedure, and all clinical signs were resolved at the time of discharge. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This report documents a serious adverse event of gastrointestinal obstruction associated with routine multidose AC administration, which has been occasionally reported in people but not in dogs. The potential for this complication should be taken into account when prescribing multiple doses of AC granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Farrell
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Jamie M Burkitt-Creedon
- Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Laura G Osborne
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Erin A Gibson
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Anna M Massie
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kongara K, Cave N, Weidgraaf K, Rao Dukkipati VS. Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on glomerular filtration rate and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity in cats after dental surgery. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:631-636. [PMID: 32792267 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of meloxicam or carprofen on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and to evaluate the effect of meloxicam on urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, of cats after dental surgery. STUDY DESIGN Randomized, blinded, controlled trial. ANIMALS A total of 24 mixed breed cats. METHODS Cats were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 8 per group): meloxicam (0.2 mg kg-1); carprofen (4 mg kg-1); or saline (2 mL). Acepromazine (0.04 mg kg-1) and buprenorphine (0.02 mg kg-1) were administered intramuscularly as preanaesthetic medication. Test drugs were injected subcutaneously at the time of preanaesthetic medication. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (fR), heart rate (HR) and haemoglobin oxygen saturation values (SpO2) were recorded. All cats underwent ultrasonic dental scaling with polishing. Teeth extraction involved mucosal flap creation, removal of alveolar bone and flap closure. Plasma iohexol clearance (ICL), a measure of GFR, was estimated before and 24 hours after anaesthesia induction in all cats. Urinary NAG index was estimated in saline and meloxicam groups at the same time points as GFR. Between-group and -time point differences in GFR and NAG index were compared using mixed model analyses. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (p < 0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in plasma ICL rate (range: from 1.22 ± 0.05 to 1.27 ± 0.04 mL kg minute-1) between groups or between time points. Urinary NAG index (range: from 1.0 ± 0.19 to 1.36 ± 0.29 Units gram-1) was not significantly different between meloxicam and saline groups. MAP, HR, fR and SpO2 did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Meloxicam and carprofen appeared to produce nonsignificant effects on GFR, and meloxicam did not affect the urinary NAG activity, of cats after dental surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Kongara
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Nick Cave
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Karin Weidgraaf
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez-Segura L, Parra A, Calpena-Campmany AC, Gimeno Á, Gómez de Aranda I, Boix-Montañes A. Ex Vivo Permeation of Carprofen Vehiculated by PLGA Nanoparticles through Porcine Mucous Membranes and Ophthalmic Tissues. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10020355. [PMID: 32085577 PMCID: PMC7075292 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Carprofen (CP), 2-(6-chlorocarbazole) propionic acid, is used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic agent and it belongs to the family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). CP has some adverse reactions in systemic administration; for this reason, topical administration with CP nanoparticles (CP-NPs) can be an optimal alternative. The main objective of this work is the investigation of ex vivo permeation of CP through different types of porcine mucous membranes (buccal, sublingual and vaginal) and ophthalmic tissues (cornea, sclera and conjunctiva) to compare the influence of CP-NPs formulation over a CP solution (CP-Solution). (2) Methods: The ex vivo permeation profiles were evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies were performed to verify that the formulations did not affect the cell structure and to establish the amount retained (Qr) in the tissues. (3) Results: Permeation of CP-NPs is more effective in terms of drug retention in almost all tissues (with the exception of sclera and sublingual). In vivo studies show that neither of the two formulations affects tissue structure, so both formulations are safe. (4) Conclusions: It was concluded that CP-NPs may be a useful tool for the topical treatment of local inflammation in veterinary and human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Gómez-Segura
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.C.C.-C.)
- Department of Medicine and Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellatera, Spain
| | - Alexander Parra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota RX22+57, Colombia;
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena-Campmany
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.C.C.-C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gimeno
- Department of Animal Research, Animal House of Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, CCiT-UB, 08907 Hospital del Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Immaculada Gómez de Aranda
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bellvitge Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907 Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Antonio Boix-Montañes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.G.-S.); (A.C.C.-C.)
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-024-560
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bordei Telehoiu AT, Nuță DC, Căproiu MT, Dumitrascu F, Zarafu I, Ioniță P, Bădiceanu CD, Avram S, Chifiriuc MC, Bleotu C, Limban C. Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Agents Based on 6-Chloro-9 H-carbazol Derivatives and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Scaffolds. Molecules 2020; 25:E266. [PMID: 31936505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we aimed to exploit and combine in the same molecule the carbazole and the 1,3,4-oxadiazole pharmacophores, to obtain novel carprofen derivatives, by using two synthesis pathways. For the first route, the following steps have been followed: (i) (RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanonic acid (carprofen) treatment with methanol, yielding methyl (RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanoate; (ii) the resulted methylic ester was converted to (RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propane hydrazide (carprofen hydrazide) by treatment with hydrazine hydrate; (iii) reaction of the hydrazide derivative with acyl chlorides led to N-[(2RS)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanoil]-N′-R-substituted-benzoylhydrazine formation, which; (iv) in reaction with phosphorus oxychloride gave the (RS)-1-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-1-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)ethane derivatives. In the second synthesis pathway, new 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring compounds were obtained starting from carprofen which was reacted with isoniazid, in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride to form (RS)-1-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)-1-[5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]ethane. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, screened for their drug-like properties and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. The obtained compounds exhibited a good antimicrobial activity, some of the compounds being particularly active on E. coli, while others on C. albicans. The most significant result is represented by their exceptional anti-biofilm activity, particularly against the P. aeruginosa biofilm. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that at concentrations lower than 100 μg/mL, the tested compounds do not induce cytotoxicity and do not alter the mammalian cell cycle. The new synthesized compounds show good drug-like properties. The ADME-Tox profiles indicate a good oral absorption and average permeability through the blood brain barrier. However, further research is needed to reduce the predicted mutagenic potential and the hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Grzanna MW, Secor EJ, Fortuno LV, Au AY, Frondoza CG. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Carprofen Is Enhanced by Avocado/Soybean Unsaponifiables, Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Combination in Chondrocyte Microcarrier Spinner Culture. Cartilage 2020; 11:108-116. [PMID: 29938530 PMCID: PMC6921959 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518783495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis is a painful, chronic joint disease affecting man and animals with no known curative therapies. Palliative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used but they cause adverse side effects prompting the search for safer alternatives. To address this need, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), glucosamine (GLU), and chondroitin sulfate (CS) with or without the NSAID carprofen. DESIGN Canine chondrocytes were propagated in microcarrier spinner culture and incubated with (1) control medium, (2) ASU (8.3 µg/mL) + GLU (11 µg/mL) + CS (20 µg/mL) combination for 24 hours; and/or carprofen (40 ng/mL). Cultures were next incubated with control medium alone or IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for another 24 hours. Production of PGE2, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 (also known as CCL-2) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Chondrocytes proliferated in microcarrier spinner culture and produced type II collagen and aggrecan. Stimulation with IL-1β induced significant increases in PGE2, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 production. The increases in production were suppressed by carprofen as well as [ASU+GLU+CS]. The combination of carprofen and [ASU+GLU+CS] reduced PGE2 production significantly more than either preparation alone. The inhibitory effect of carprofen on IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 production was significantly less than that of [ASU+GLU+CS], whereas the combination did not reduce the production of these molecules significantly more than [ASU+GLU+CS] alone. CONCLUSIONS The potentiating effect of [ASU+GLU+CS] on low-dose carprofen was identified in chondrocyte microcarrier spinner cultures. Our results suggest that the combination of low-dose NSAIDs like carprofen with [ASU+GLU+CS] could offer a safe, effective management for joint pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Grzanna
- Department of Research and Development,
Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA
| | - Erica J. Secor
- Department of Research and Development,
Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lowella V. Fortuno
- Department of Research and Development,
Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA
| | - Angela Y. Au
- Department of Research and Development,
Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA
| | - Carmelita G. Frondoza
- Department of Research and Development,
Nutramax Laboratories, Inc., Edgewood, MD, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College
of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Leiberich M, Krebber R, Hewetson M, Marais J, Naidoo V. A study of the pharmacokinetics and thromboxane inhibitory activity of a single intramuscular dose of carprofen as a means to establish its potential use as an analgesic drug in white rhinoceros. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:605-613. [PMID: 29691872 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The alleviation of pain and prevention of suffering are key aspects of animal welfare. Unfortunately, analgesic drugs are not available for all species. White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), representing one of such species, which survive poaching attempts inflicted with severe facial injuries and gunshot wounds, nonetheless require analgesic support. To improve treatment conditions, this study explored the use of carprofen for the treatment of pain and inflammation in white rhinoceros. The pharmacokinetics of 1 mg/kg intramuscular carprofen was evaluated in six healthy white rhinoceros. The half-life of λz and mean residence time was 105.71 ± 15.67 and 155.01 ± 22.46 hr, respectively. The area under the curve and the maximum carprofen concentration were 904.61 ± 110.78 μg ml-1 hr-1 and 5.77 ± 0.63 μg/ml, respectively. Plasma TXB2 inhibition demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and indicated that carprofen may be effective for a minimum of 48 hr in most animals. With its long half-life further indicating that a single dose could be effective for several days, we suggest that carprofen may be a useful drug for the treatment of white rhinoceros.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Leiberich
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Krebber
- Bayer AG - Crop Science Division, Research & Development - Regulatory Science - Human Safety - Residue Analysis, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - M Hewetson
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J Marais
- Saving the Survivors, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - V Naidoo
- Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nenadović K, Vučinić M, Radenković-Damnjanović B, Janković L, Teodorović R, Voslarova E, Becskei Z. Cortisol concentration, pain and sedation scale in free roaming dogs treated with carprofen after ovariohysterectomy. Vet World 2017; 10:888-894. [PMID: 28919678 PMCID: PMC5591474 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.888-894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the topic issues in animal welfare activities is the free roaming dog welfare especially in developing countries such as Serbia. The way of controlling population of free roaming dogs is their reproduction with the method of “Catch-Neuter-Release.” This complex process consists of capturing free roaming dogs in public areas, sterilizing, and returning them to the public area from which they were temporarily removed. Ovariohysterectomy present the period with a high intensity of stress reaction since many veterinarians in Serbia do not use analgesia for this group of dogs. The aim of this study was to compare the serum cortisol concentration before and after ovariohysterectomy and the level of post-operative pain and sedation in a group of free roaming female dogs treated with carprofen after surgical intervention and in a group with no treatment. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on a total of 20 female dogs under the program for free roaming dog control. Free-roaming dogs were captured in public areas by the communal animal hygiene service and were transported between 30 and 45 min to the clinic of a veterinary practice. Treatment began at 10:00 h on the next day and the bitches were kept in cages until they were returned to public locations from which they were temporarily removed to be sterilized. The G2 group received before closing the incision line carprofen in one dosage of 4 mg/kg given by subcutaneous injection into the scruff. Rescue protocol with carprofen was provided for G1 after 24 h following ovariohysterectomy same dosage as G2. Blood (2 ml) was collected from the cephalic vein of each dog in disposable plastic syringes, containing heparin (1:1000) 4 times: Before ovariohysterectomy, 30, 120 min and 24 h following ovariohysterectomy. Cortisol concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The multifactorial pain and sedation scale were used for the assessment of pain and sedation. Results: In both groups, the lowest values of serum cortisol concentration were obtained before ovariohysterectomy. Cortisol levels in both groups were significantly higher (p<0.01) 30 and 120 min after ovariohysterectomy and showed a decreasing trend toward the end of the observation period (24 h). The results obtained 15 and 30 min after the surgical intervention have revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.05) showing that female dogs treated with carprofen had a lower value on the pain scale and a higher value on the sedation scale compared to the group with no treatment. Conclusion: Carprofen provides both a restful consequence of sedation and a rapid return to a more normal physiological and behavioral state in dogs after ovariohysterectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Nenadović
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Vučinić
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ljiljana Janković
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radislava Teodorović
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eva Voslarova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Behaviour, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zsolt Becskei
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maitra A, Bates S, Shaik M, Evangelopoulos D, Abubakar I, McHugh TD, Lipman M, Bhakta S. Repurposing drugs for treatment of tuberculosis: a role for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Br Med Bull 2016; 118:138-48. [PMID: 27151954 PMCID: PMC5127427 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of cases of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has risen rapidly in recent years. This has led to the resurgence in repurposing existing drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for anti-TB treatment. SOURCES OF DATA Evidence from novel drug screening in vitro, in vivo, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analyses and clinical trials has been used for the preparation of this systematic review of the potential of NSAIDs for use as an adjunct in new TB chemotherapies. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Certain NSAIDs have demonstrated inhibitory properties towards actively replicating, dormant and drug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis cells. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY NSAIDs are a diverse class of drugs, which have reported off-target activities, and their endogenous antimicrobial mechanism(s) of action is still unclear. GROWING POINTS It is essential that clinical trials of NSAIDs continue, in order to assess their suitability for addition to the current TB treatment regimen. Repurposing molecules such as NSAIDs is a vital, low-risk strategy to combat the trend of rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Maitra
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Sadé Bates
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Monisha Shaik
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | | | - Ibrahim Abubakar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D McHugh
- Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Marc Lipman
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London, London, UK
| | - Sanjib Bhakta
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bree D, Moriarty O, O'Mahony CM, Morris B, Bannerton K, Broom DC, Kelly JP, Roche M, Finn DP. Development and characterization of a novel, anatomically relevant rat model of acute postoperative pain. J Pain 2015; 16:421-35.e1-6. [PMID: 25640291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute postoperative pain remains a significant health care issue. Development of anatomically relevant animal models of postoperative pain, with improved predictive validity, would advance understanding of postoperative pain mechanisms and improve treatment outcomes. This study aimed to develop, characterize, and validate a rat model of acute postoperative pain associated with inguinal hernia repair based on the Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair procedure (without hernia induction). We hypothesized that the surgery would result in reduced spontaneous locomotor activity, which would represent a pain-related phenotype. Postsurgical characterization involved extensive monitoring of home cage and open field locomotor activity, as well as mechanical hypersensitivity and assessment of c-Fos expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In pharmacologic validation studies, rats received morphine, carprofen, or paracetamol 1 hour before, and/or immediately after, surgery. Rats that underwent hernia repair surgery exhibited significantly lower horizontal and vertical activities in the home cage and open field in the early postsurgical period, compared with sham rats or rats that underwent skin incision only. Morphine, carprofen, and paracetamol attenuated the surgery-induced reductions in locomotor activity, to varying degrees. Surgery was associated with significantly increased c-Fos expression in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, an effect attenuated by carprofen treatment. These results support the development and characterization of a novel, anatomically relevant animal model of acute postoperative pain that may facilitate development of improved treatment regimens. PERSPECTIVE Acute pain following inguinal hernia repair can be difficult to treat. Here we report, for the first time, the development of a novel, anatomically relevant rat model to facilitate improved understanding and treatment of acute postoperative pain following inguinal hernia repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dara Bree
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Orla Moriarty
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Research and Development, Covidien, North Haven, Connecticut
| | - Cliona M O'Mahony
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Research and Development, Covidien, North Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bradley Morris
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen Bannerton
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel C Broom
- Research and Development, Covidien, North Haven, Connecticut
| | - John P Kelly
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fang ZZ, Wang H, Cao YF, Sun DX, Wang LX, Hong M, Huang T, Chen JX, Zeng J. Enantioselective inhibition of carprofen towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7. Chirality 2014; 27:189-93. [PMID: 25502512 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-catalyzed glucuronidation conjugation reaction plays an important role in the elimination of many important clinical drugs and endogenous substances. The present study aims to investigate the enantioselective inhibition of carprofen towards UGT isoforms. In vitro a recombinant UGT isoforms-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation incubation mixture was used to screen the inhibition potential of (R)-carprofen and (S)-carprofen towards multiple UGT isoforms. The results showed that (S)-carprofen exhibited stronger inhibition potential than (R)-carprofen towards UGT2B7. However, no significant difference was observed for the inhibition of (R)-carprofen and (S)-carprofen towards other UGT isoforms. Furthermore, the inhibition kinetic behavior was compared for the inhibition of (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen towards UGT2B7. A Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that both (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen exhibited competitive inhibition towards UGT2B7-catalyzed 4-MU glucuronidation. The inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki ) was calculated to be 7.0 μM and 31.1 μM for (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen, respectively. Based on the standard for drug-drug interaction, the threshold for (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen to induce a drug-drug interaction is 0.7 μM and 3.1 μM, respectively. In conclusion, enantioselective inhibition of carprofen towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 was demonstrated in the present study. Using the in vitro inhibition kinetic parameter, the concentration threshold of (S)-carprofen and (R)-carprofen to possibly induce the drug-drug interaction was obtained. Therefore, clinical monitoring of the plasma concentration of (S)-carprofen is more important than (R)-carprofen to avoid a possible drug-drug interaction between carprofen and the drugs mainly undergoing UGT2B7-catalyzed metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
YILMAZ ÖT, TOYDEMIR TSF, KIRŞAN İ, DOKUZEYLUL B, GUNAY Z, KARACAM E. Effects of surgical wound infiltration with bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing bilateral mastectomy. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1595-601. [PMID: 25649941 PMCID: PMC4300374 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The analgesic effect of wound infiltration with bupivacaine was evaluated in cats undergoing bilateral mastectomy. Twenty-one female cats with mammary gland tumors were anesthetized with propofol and oxygen-isoflurane anesthesia following premedication with atropine. In the trial group (Group I; n=11), 30 ml of saline containing 2 mg/kg of bupivacaine was infiltrated topically into the surgical wound right after removal of the mammary glands, whereas only saline solution was infiltrated in the control group (Group II; n=10). At the same time, carprofen (4 mg/kg) was also administered subcutaneously in both groups. Behavioral signs of pain were monitored during the recovery period after general anesthesia. In order to examine the behavioral changes associated with acute pain, a questionnaire was prepared and given to the owners to be completed 4 hr and then 10 hr after the operation. According to the owners' anwers to the questionnaire, a pain score was specified using a "numerical rating scale" for each cat. Although some cats showed mild to moderate pain, the pain score recorded at 4 hr after the operation was significantly lower in Group I (P<0.001). No significant difference was found at 10 hr after the operation between the groups. The incidence of vocalization, aggression and convulsion within 2 hr after the operation was also lower in Group I. In conclusion, wound infiltration with bupivacaine before incisional closure provided reliable analgesia at least 4 hr after bilateral radical mastectomy in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Turna YILMAZ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T. Seval Fatma TOYDEMIR
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmail KIRŞAN
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu DOKUZEYLUL
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep GUNAY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra KARACAM
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcılar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Swan AL, Hillier KL, Smith JR, Allaway D, Liddell S, Bacardit J, Mobasheri A. Analysis of mass spectrometry data from the secretome of an explant model of articular cartilage exposed to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli using machine learning. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:349. [PMID: 24330474 PMCID: PMC3878677 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease of synovial joints involving the loss and degeneration of articular cartilage. The gold standard for evaluating cartilage loss in OA is the measurement of joint space width on standard radiographs. However, in most cases the diagnosis is made well after the onset of the disease, when the symptoms are well established. Identification of early biomarkers of OA can facilitate earlier diagnosis, improve disease monitoring and predict responses to therapeutic interventions. METHODS This study describes the bioinformatic analysis of data generated from high throughput proteomics for identification of potential biomarkers of OA. The mass spectrometry data was generated using a canine explant model of articular cartilage treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 β (IL-1β). The bioinformatics analysis involved the application of machine learning and network analysis to the proteomic mass spectrometry data. A rule based machine learning technique, BioHEL, was used to create a model that classified the samples into their relevant treatment groups by identifying those proteins that separated samples into their respective groups. The proteins identified were considered to be potential biomarkers. Protein networks were also generated; from these networks, proteins pivotal to the classification were identified. RESULTS BioHEL correctly classified eighteen out of twenty-three samples, giving a classification accuracy of 78.3% for the dataset. The dataset included the four classes of control, IL-1β, carprofen, and IL-1β and carprofen together. This exceeded the other machine learners that were used for a comparison, on the same dataset, with the exception of another rule-based method, JRip, which performed equally well. The proteins that were most frequently used in rules generated by BioHEL were found to include a number of relevant proteins including matrix metalloproteinase 3, interleukin 8 and matrix gla protein. CONCLUSIONS Using this protocol, combining an in vitro model of OA with bioinformatics analysis, a number of relevant extracellular matrix proteins were identified, thereby supporting the application of these bioinformatics tools for analysis of proteomic data from in vitro models of cartilage degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Swan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kirsty L Hillier
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - David Allaway
- WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Susan Liddell
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- Proteomics Laboratory, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Claremont Tower, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, The University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, The University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahad Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Schools of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
- Comparative Physiology, Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Osteoarthritis, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|