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Zhao G, Fang C, Hu J, Zhang D. Platinum-Based Electrocatalysts for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Enhanced Performances toward Alcohol Oxidation Reactions. Chempluschem 2021; 86:574-586. [PMID: 33830678 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, Pt-based electrocatalysts have attracted great interests due to their high catalytic performances toward the direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC). However, the high cost, poor stability, and the scarcity of Pt have markedly hindered their large-scale utilization in commerce. Therefore, enhancing the activity and durability of Pt-based electrocatalysts, reducing the Pt amount and thus the cost of DAFC have become the keys for their practical applications. In this minireview, we summarized some basic concepts to evaluate the catalytic performances in electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) including electrochemical active surface area, activity and stability, the effective approaches for boosting the catalytic AOR performance involving size decrease, structure and morphology modulation, composition effect, catalyst supports, and assistance under other external energies. Furthermore, we also presented the remaining challenges of the Pt-based electrocatalysts to achieve the fabrication of a real DAFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guili Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Caihong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
- Institute of Synthesis and Application of Medical Materials, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Jinwu Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
| | - Deliang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P. R. China
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Hao C, Gan J, Cao Y, Luo W, Chen W, Qian G, Zhou X, Duan X. Crucial size effects of atomic-layer-deposited Pt catalysts on methanol electrooxidation. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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53
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Abstract
Electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol, and formic acid was studied on three platinum-containing electrocatalysts: PtCu/C, Pt/(SnO2/C), and Pt/C, Pt content being about 20 wt%. In all reactions, the integral specific activity of the catalysts, estimated from the results of cyclic voltammetry, grows in the Pt/C < Pt/(SnO2/C) < PtCu/C row. The influence of the reagent nature subjected to electrooxidation is manifested both in the difference of the absolute rate values of the corresponding reactions, decreasing in the order CH3OH > HCOOH > C2H5OH, and in the different ratio of these rates on different catalysts and at different potentials. Pt/(SnO2/C) catalyst containing SnO2 nanoparticles is the most active among the studied catalysts in methanol and formic acid electrooxidation reactions under potentiostatic conditions at the E = 0.60 V. Moreover, in formic acid electrooxidation reaction it is significantly superior to even the PtRu/C commercial catalyst. The reasons for the positive influence of Cu atoms and SnO2 nanoparticles on the catalytic activity of platinum are presumably associated with different effects: Interaction of the d-orbitals of copper and platinum atoms in bimetallic nanoparticles and implementation of the bifunctional catalysis mechanism on the adjacent platinum and tin dioxide nanoparticles.
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54
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Wang H, Sun S, Mohamedi M. Synthesis of free-standing ternary Rh-Pt-SnO 2-carbon nanotube nanostructures as a highly active and robust catalyst for ethanol oxidation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:45149-45158. [PMID: 35516282 PMCID: PMC9058560 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational design of durable materials is an important issue for improving the performance of electrocatalysts towards the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In this work, binderless thin nanostructured layers of SnO2, Pt, Rh, bilayers of Pt/SnO2, Rh/Pt and tri-layers of Rh (ca. 10 nm thickness)/PtSnO2 are directly grown by pulsed laser deposition onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs). SEM analysis shows that CNTs are perfectly coated with the catalysts. The onset potentials of the CO stripping and EOR indicate that Rh/Pt/SnO2 is the most active for the CO and the EOR. The incorporation of the CNTs in the catalyst layer is outstandingly beneficial to both the catalytic current activity and the durability. Indeed Rh/Pt/SnO2/CNT delivers mass activity as high as 213.42 mA mg-1 Pt. Moreover, Rh/Pt/SnO2/CNT demonstrates not only the lowest poisoning rate (by intermediate species, such as adsorbed CO) but also the highest durability current of 132.17 mA mg-1 Pt far superior to CNT-free Rh/Pt/SnO2/CP (58.33 mA mg-1 Pt). XPS shows that SnO2, Pt and Rh are all present at the surface of Rh/Pt/SnO2/CNT, the presence of two oxophilic materials like SnO2 and Rh, implies an earlier source of OHads-species, which facilitates the oxidation of CO and assuming a second contribution from Rh is to enhance the cleavage of the C-C bond for the complete oxidation of ethanol. The 3D porous and binderless structure, the low amount of the noble catalyst, the excellent electroactivity and durability of the Rh5/PtSnO2/CNT/CP composite represents an important step in advancing its use as an anode in commercial applications in DEFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (EMT), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes Quebec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (EMT), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes Quebec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Mohamed Mohamedi
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (EMT), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes Quebec J3X 1S2 Canada
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55
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Comparison of Carbon Supports in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235370. [PMID: 33256129 PMCID: PMC7730999 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are attractive alternatives to proton exchange membrane fuel cells due to their ability to employ nonprecious metals as catalysts, reducing the cost of AEMFC devices. This paper presents an experimental exploration of the carbon support material effects on AEMFC performance. The silver (Ag) nanoparticles supported on three types of carbon materials including acetylene carbon (AC), carbon black (CB), and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)—Ag/AC, Ag/CB, and Ag/MWCNT, respectively—were prepared using the wet impregnation method. The silver loading in the catalysts was designed as 60 wt.% during the synthesizing process, which was examined using thermogravimetric analysis. The elemental composition of the prepared Ag/AC, Ag/CB, and Ag/MWCNT catalysts was confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis. The nanoparticle size of Ag attached on carbon particles or carbon nanotubes, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was around 50 nm. For the performance tests of a single AEMFC, the obtained results indicate that the maximum power density using Ag/MWCNT as the cathode catalyst (356.5 mW·cm−2) was higher than that using Ag/AC (329.3 mW·cm−2) and Ag/CB (256.6 mW·cm−2). The better cell performance obtained using a MWCNT support can be ascribed to the higher electrical conductivity and the larger electrochemical active surface area calculated from cyclic voltammetry measurements.
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56
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Sarac B, Karazehir T, Ivanov YP, Putz B, Greer AL, Sarac AS, Eckert J. Effective electrocatalytic methanol oxidation of Pd-based metallic glass nanofilms. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22586-22595. [PMID: 33135022 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06372j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their conventional polycrystalline Pd counterparts, Pd79Au9Si12 (at%) - metallic glass (MG) nanofilm (NF) electrocatalysts offer better methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline medium, CO poisoning tolerance and catalyst stability even at high scan rates or high methanol concentrations owing to their amorphous structure without grain boundaries. This study evaluates the influence of scan rate and methanol concentration by cyclic voltammetry, frequency-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a related equivalent circuit model at different potentials in Pd-Au-Si amorphous NFs. Structural and compositional differences for the NFs are assessed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The ratio of the forward to reverse peak current density ipf/ipb for the MG NFs is ∼2.2 times higher than for polycrystalline Pd NFs, evidencing better oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide in the forward scan and less poisoning of the electrocatalysts by carbonaceous (e.g. CO, HCO) species. Moreover, the electrochemical circuit model obtained from EIS measurements reveals that the MOR occurring around -100 mV increases the capacitance without any significant change in oxidation resistance, whereas CO2 formation towards lower potentials results in a sharp increase in the capacitance of the Faradaic MOR at the catalyst interface and a slight decrease in the corresponding resistance. These results, together with the high ipf/ipb = 3.37 yielding the minimum amount of carbonaceous species deposited on the thin film during cyclic voltammetry and stability in the alkaline environment, can potentially make these amorphous thin films potential candidates for fuel-cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
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57
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Su B, Wang K, Tseng C, Lu K, Pao C, Lee J, Sheu H, Wu K, Juang J, Chen J. An In Situ Quick X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study on Pt
3
Sn/Graphene Catalyst for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing‐Jian Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Kuan‐Wen Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering National Central University Chungli 32001 Taiwan
| | - Chung‐Jen Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering National Central University Chungli 32001 Taiwan
| | - Kueih‐Tzu Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Hwo‐Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Hsu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney Kensington NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jenh‐Yih Juang
- Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
| | - Jin‐Ming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan
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58
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Saravanan L, Tseng CM, Chang CC, Chung YC, Chung YC, Lin CY, Lo AY. Pt–RuO u –SnO v /CMK-3 composite electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. CR CHIM 2020. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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59
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Shukla A, Prem Kumar T. Electrochemistry: Retrospect and Prospects. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Shukla
- Solid State & Structural Chemistry Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 Karnataka India
| | - T. Prem Kumar
- Retired from Electrochemical Power Systems Division Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 Tamil Nadu India
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60
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Hybrid polyindole‑gold nanobrush for electrochemical oxidation of ascorbic acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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61
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Kazi AP, Routsi AM, Kaur B, Christodouleas DC. Inexpensive, Three-Dimensional, Open-Cell, Fluid-Permeable, Noble-Metal Electrodes for Electroanalysis and Electrocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45582-45589. [PMID: 32926774 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the fabrication of three-dimensional, open-cell, noble-metal (Au, Ag, and Pt) electrodes that have a complex geometry, i.e., wire mesh, metallic foam, "origami" wire mesh, and helix wire mesh. The electrodes were fabricated using an ultrasonication-assisted electroplating method that deposits a thin, continuous, and defect-free layer of noble metal (i.e., Au, Ag, or Pt) on an inexpensive copper substrate that has the desired geometry. The method is inexpensive, easy to use, and capable of fabricating noble-metal electrodes of complex geometries that cannot be fabricated using established techniques like screen printing or physical vapor deposition. By minimizing the amount of the pure noble metal in the electrodes, their cost drops significantly and could become low enough even for single-use applications; for example, the cost of metal in a Au wire-mesh electrode is $0.007/cm2 of exposed area that is about 400 times lower than that of a wire-mesh electrode composed entirely of Au. The electrodes exhibit an almost identical electrochemical performance to noble-metal electrodes of similar shape composed of bulk noble metal; therefore, these electrodes could replace two-dimensional noble-metal electrodes (e.g., rods, disks, foils) in numerous electroanalytical and electrocatalytical systems or even allow the use of noble-metal electrodes in new applications such as flow-based electrochemical systems. In this study, wire-mesh and metallic foam noble-metal electrodes have been successfully used as working electrodes for the electrocatalytical oxidation of methanol and for the electrochemical detection of redox mediators, lead ions, and nitrobenzene using various electroanalytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Parvez Kazi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Anna Maria Routsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Balwinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
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62
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Montiel G, Fuentes-Quezada E, Bruno MM, Corti HR, Viva FA. Effect of bimodal mesoporous carbon as PtRu catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:30631-30639. [PMID: 35516039 PMCID: PMC9056354 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous carbons (MCs) with different pore sizes were synthesized and evaluated as a catalyst support for fuel cells. The MCs were obtained from resorcinol-formaldehyde precursors, polymerized in the presence of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (cationic polyelectrolyte) as a structuring agent and commercial silica (Sipernat® or Aerosil®) as the hard template. The MC obtained with Aerosil® shows a broad pore size distribution with a maximum at 21 nm. On the other hand, the MCs with Sipernat® show a bimodal pore size distribution, with a narrow peak centered at 5 nm and a broad peak with a maximum ca. 30 nm. All MCs present a high specific surface area (800-1000 m2 g-1) and total pore volume ranging from 1.36 to 1.69 cm3 g-1. PtRu nanoparticles were deposited onto the MC support by an impregnation-reduction method with NaBH4 at 80 °C in basic media. The electrochemical characterization reveals improved electrocatalysis towards the methanol oxidation for the catalyst deposited over the carbon with the highest total pore volume. This catalyst also presented the highest CO2 conversion efficiency, ca. 80%, for the methanol oxidation as determined by differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy analysis. Moreover, the catalyst as a fuel cell anode showed the best performance, reaching a power density of 125 mW cm-2 at 90 °C with methanol as fuel and dry O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Montiel
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial Av. General Paz 5445 San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina.,Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina .,Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICETCentro Atómico Constituyentes Av Gral Paz 1499, San Martin Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Quezada
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina .,Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICETCentro Atómico Constituyentes Av Gral Paz 1499, San Martin Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariano M Bruno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Facultad de Cs. Exactas Físico Química y Naturales, Departamento de Química 5800 Río Cuarto Argentina
| | - Horacio R Corti
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina .,Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICETCentro Atómico Constituyentes Av Gral Paz 1499, San Martin Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Federico A Viva
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica Av. General Paz 1499, San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina .,Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICETCentro Atómico Constituyentes Av Gral Paz 1499, San Martin Buenos Aires Argentina
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63
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Byun MY, Park DW, Lee MS. Effect of sodium propionate as a stabilizer on the catalytic activity of Pt/C catalysts for d-glucose hydrogenation. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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64
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Yang D, Chen Z, Gao Z, Tammina SK, Yang Y. Nanozymes used for antimicrobials and their applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111252. [PMID: 32679446 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection-related diseases have been growing year-by-year rapidly and raising health problems globally. The exploitation of novel, high efficiency, and bacteria-binding antibacterial agents are extremely need. As far as now, the most extensive treatment is restricted to antibiotics, which may be overused and misused, leading to increased multidrug resistance. Antibiotics abuse, as well as antibiotic-resistance of bacteria, is a global challenge in the current situation. It is highly recommended and necessary to develop novel bactericide to kill the bacteria effectively without causing further resistance development and biosafety issues. Nanozymes, inorganic nanostructures with intrinsic enzymatic activities, have attracted more and more interest from the researchers owing to their exceptional advantages. Compared to natural enzymes, nanozymes can destroy many Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, which builds an important bridge between biology and nanotechnology. As the potent nanoantibiotics, nanozymes have exciting broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and negligible biotoxicities. And we summarized and highlighted the recent advances on nanozymes including its antibacterial mechanism and applications. Finally, challenges and limitations for the further improvement of the antibacterial activity are covered to provide future directions for the use of engineered nanozymes with enhanced antibacterial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Zizhao Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Sai Kumar Tammina
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China
| | - Yaling Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province, 650500, China.
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65
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Zhang J, Lu S, Xiang Y, Jiang SP. Intrinsic Effect of Carbon Supports on the Activity and Stability of Precious Metal Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Alcohol Oxidation in Fuel Cells: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2484-2502. [PMID: 32068972 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalyst supports, in particular carbonaceous materials, play critical roles in the electrocatalytic activity and stability of precious metal group (PMG)-based catalysts such as Pt, Pd, and Au for the electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) of fuels such as methanol and ethanol in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Carbonaceous supports such as high surface area carbon provide electronic contact throughout the catalyst layer, isolate PMG nanoparticles (NPs) to maintain high electrochemical surface area, and provide hydrophobic properties to avoid flooding of the catalyst layer by liquid water produced. Compared to high surface area carbon, PMG catalysts supported on 1D and 2D carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes show enhanced activity and durability due to the intrinsic effect of the underlying carbonaceous supports on the electronic states of PMG NPs. The modification of the electronic environment, in particular the d-band centers of PMG NPs, weakens the adsorption of AOR intermediates, facilitates breaking of the C-C bonds, and thus enhances the electrocatalytic activity of PMG catalysts. The doping of heteroatoms further facilitates the electrocatalytic activity for the AOR through the structural, bifunctional, and electronic effects, in addition to the enhanced dispersion of PMG NPs in the carbon support. The prospects for the development of effective PMG-based catalysts for high-performance alcohol-fuel-based PEMFCs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shanfu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices & School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - San Ping Jiang
- Fuels and Energy Technology Institute and WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy & Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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66
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Effective Platinum-Copper Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040742. [PMID: 32295039 PMCID: PMC7221522 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of supported alloyed and de-alloyed platinum-copper catalysts, which contained 14–27% wt. of Pt, was studied in the reactions of methanol electrooxidation (MOR) and oxygen electroreduction (ORR) in 0.1 M HClO4 solutions. Alloyed PtCux/C catalysts were prepared by a multistage sequential deposition of copper and platinum onto a Vulcan XC72 dispersed carbon support. De-alloyed PtCux−y/C catalysts were prepared by PtCux/C materials pretreatment in acid solutions. The effects of the catalysts initial composition and the acid treatment condition on their composition, structure, and catalytic activity in MOR and ORR were studied. Functional characteristics of platinum-copper catalysts were compared with those of commercial Pt/C catalysts when tested, both in an electrochemical cell and in H2/Air membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). It was shown that the acid pretreatment of platinum-copper catalysts practically does not have negative effect on their catalytic activity, but it reduces the amount of copper passing into the solution during the subsequent electrochemical study. The activity of platinum-copper catalysts in the MOR and the current-voltage characteristics of the H2/Air proton-exchange membrane fuel cell MEAs measured in the process of their life tests were much higher than those of the Pt/C catalysts.
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67
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Verma S, Sinha-Ray S, Sinha-Ray S. Electrospun CNF Supported Ceramics as Electrochemical Catalysts for Water Splitting and Fuel Cell: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010238. [PMID: 31963805 PMCID: PMC7023546 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the per capita growth of energy demand, there is a significant need for alternative and sustainable energy resources. Efficient electrochemical catalysis will play an important role in sustaining that need, and nanomaterials will play a crucial role, owing to their high surface area to volume ratio. Electrospun nanofiber is one of the most promising alternatives for producing such nanostructures. A section of key nano-electrocatalysts comprise of transition metals (TMs) and their derivatives, like oxides, sulfides, phosphides and carbides, etc., as well as their 1D composites with carbonaceous elements, like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofiber (CNF), to utilize the fruits of TMs’ electronic structure, their inherent catalytic capability and the carbon counterparts’ stability, and electrical conductivity. In this work, we will discuss about such TM derivatives, mostly TM-based ceramics, grown on the CNF substrates via electrospinning. We will discuss about manufacturing methods, and their electrochemical catalysis performances in regards to energy conversion processes, dealing mostly with water splitting, the metal–air battery fuel cell, etc. This review will help to understand the recent evolution, challenges and future scopes related to electrospun transition metal derivative-based CNFs as electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Verma
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi HP 175075, India;
| | - Sumit Sinha-Ray
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi HP 175075, India;
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.-R.); (S.S.-R.)
| | - Suman Sinha-Ray
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Corporate Innovation Center, United States Gypsum, Libertyville, IL 60048, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.-R.); (S.S.-R.)
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68
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Cyril PH, Saravanan G. Development of advanced materials for cleaner energy generation through fuel cells. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03746j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of fuel cells in the transportation sector holds promise as a sustainable option for the generation of cleaner energy along with cumulative lesser GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Hyacinth Cyril
- Chennai Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), CSIR-Madras Complex
- Chennai-600 113
- India
| | - Govindachetty Saravanan
- Chennai Zonal Centre, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), CSIR-Madras Complex
- Chennai-600 113
- India
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69
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Ha JH. Aging and depth profiling of inhomogeneities and interactions of CO molecules on sputtered Pt film using ATR IR spectroscopy with lineshape analysis. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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70
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Activity and stability improvement of platinum loaded on reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube composites for methanol oxidation. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-019-01368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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71
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Development of high-performance membrane-electrode assembly in unitized regenerative fuel cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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72
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Xi J, Wei G, An L, Xu Z, Xu Z, Fan L, Gao L. Copper/Carbon Hybrid Nanozyme: Tuning Catalytic Activity by the Copper State for Antibacterial Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7645-7654. [PMID: 31580681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Metal-carbon hybrid materials have shown promise as potential enzyme mimetics for antibacterial therapy; however, the effects of metal states and corresponding antibacterial mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, two kinds of copper/carbon nanozymes were designed, with tuned copper states from Cu0 to Cu2+. Results revealed that the copper/carbon nanozymes exhibited copper state-dependent peroxidase-, catalase-, and superoxide dismutase-like activities. Furthermore, the antibacterial activities were also primarily determined by the copper state. The different antibacterial mechanisms of these two copper/carbon nanozymes were also proposed. For the CuO-modified copper/carbon nanozymes, the released Cu2+ caused membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and DNA degradation of Gram-negative bacteria, whereas, for Cu-modified copper/carbon nanozymes, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via peroxidase-like catalytic reactions was the determining factor against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Lastly, we established two bacterially infected animal models, i.e., bacteria-infected enteritis and wound healing, to confirm the antibacterial ability of the copper/carbon nanozymes. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of metal state-dependent enzyme-like and antibacterial activities and highlight a new approach for designing novel and selective antibacterial therapies based on metal-carbon nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqun Xi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225009 , China
| | - Gen Wei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
| | - Lanfang An
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
| | - Zhuobin Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
| | - Zhilong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Lei Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225002 , China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Yangzhou , Jiangsu 225001 , China
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73
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Sztaberek L, Mabey H, Beatrez W, Lore C, Santulli AC, Koenigsmann C. Sol-Gel Synthesis of Ruthenium Oxide Nanowires To Enhance Methanol Oxidation in Supported Platinum Nanoparticle Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14226-14233. [PMID: 31508545 PMCID: PMC6733171 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A template-directed, sol-gel synthesis is utilized to produce crystalline RuO2 nanowires. Crystalline nanowires with a diameter of 128 ± 15 nm were synthesized after treating the nanowires at 600 °C in air. Analysis of these nanowires by X-ray powder diffraction revealed the major crystalline phase to be tetragonal RuO2 with a small quantity of metallic ruthenium present. Further analysis of the nanowire structures by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that they are polycrystalline and are composed of interconnected, highly crystalline, nanoparticles having an average size of ∼25 nm. Uniform 3 nm Pt nanoparticles were dispersed on the surface of RuO2 nanowires using an ambient, solution-based technique yielding a hybrid catalyst for methanol oxidation. Linear sweep voltammograms (LSVs) and chronoamperometry performed in the presence of methanol in an acidic electrolyte revealed a significant enhancement in the onset potential, mass activity, and long-term stability compared with analogous Pt nanoparticles supported on commercially available Vulcan XC-72R carbon nanoparticles. Formic acid oxidation LSVs and CO stripping voltammetry revealed that the RuO2-supported Pt nanoparticles exhibit significantly higher CO tolerance, which leads to higher catalytic stability over a period of several hours. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest that crystalline RuO2 leads to less-significant oxidation of the Pt surface relative to more widely studied hydrous RuO2 supports, thereby increasing catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Sztaberek
- Department
of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York 10458, United States
- Department
of Environmental Control Technology, New
York City College of Technology, 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United
States
| | - Hannah Mabey
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Manhattan
College, 4513 Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, New York 10471, United States
| | - William Beatrez
- Department
of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York 10458, United States
| | - Christopher Lore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Manhattan
College, 4513 Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, New York 10471, United States
| | - Alexander C. Santulli
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Manhattan
College, 4513 Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, New York 10471, United States
| | - Christopher Koenigsmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Fordham University, 441 East Fordham Road, Bronx, New York 10458, United States
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74
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Bong S, Han D. Supercritical, Freezing and Thermal Drying Process of Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Polymer based Nano‐carbons and their Highly Loaded PtRu Anode Electrocatalyst for DMFC. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sungyool Bong
- Materials and Components Research InstituteKorea Testing and Research Institute (KTR), Gwachoen Gyeonggi-do 13810 Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Han
- Department of ChemistryThe Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon Gyeonggi-do 14662 Republic of Korea
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