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Fernandes LDS, Royaert S, Corrêa FM, Mustiga GM, Marelli JP, Corrêa RX, Motamayor JC. Mapping of a Major QTL for Ceratocystis Wilt Disease in an F1 Population of Theobroma cacao. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:155. [PMID: 29491879 PMCID: PMC5817064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cacao is an important crop, its beans are key raw materials for the chocolate and cosmetic industries. Ceratocystis wilt of cacao (CWC) caused by Ceratocystis cacaofunesta is a lethal disease for the crop. Therefore, the selection of resistant cacao varieties is one of the viable ways to minimize losses in cacao production. In this paper, we described the identification of a major QTL associated with CWC in an F1 mapping population from a cross between a resistant, "TSH 1188," and a susceptible genotype, "CCN 51." A set of 266 trees were genotyped using 3,526 single nucleotide polymorphic markers and then multiple QTL mapping analyses were performed. Two QTLs were identified on chromosomes IV and VI. The major QTL was located at 20 cM from the top position of chromosome VI, accounting for more than 60% of the phenotypic variation. The favorable allele T1, with haplotype GTT, came from the "TSH 1188" parent. It was evident that the haplotype combination T1C2 on chromosome VI was the most significant for resistance, since 93% of resistant trees had this haplotype. The major QTL converged to a genomic region of 739.4 kb that harbored nine candidate genes, including two major classes of resistance genes, which would make them the primary candidates involved in the resistance to CWC. The haplotypes detected are now used to improve the efficiency and precision of the selection of resistant trees in cacao breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Royaert
- Statistics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Fábio M. Corrêa
- Statistics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ronan X. Corrêa
- Statistics, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Lv S, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu Z, Yang N, Pan L, Wu J, Wang J, Yang J, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Jiang W, She X, Wang G. Strigolactone-triggered stomatal closure requires hydrogen peroxide synthesis and nitric oxide production in an abscisic acid-independent manner. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:290-304. [PMID: 28940201 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating data indicate that strigolactones (SLs) are implicated in the response to environmental stress, implying a potential effect of SLs on stomatal response and thus stress acclimatization. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of SLs on stomatal response and their interrelation with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The impact of SLs on the stomatal response was investigated by conducting SL-feeding experiments and by analyzing SL-related mutants. The involvement of endogenous ABA and ABA-signaling components in SL-mediated stomatal closure was physiologically evaluated using genetic mutants. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were employed to examine hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and nitric oxide (NO) production. SL-related mutants exhibited larger stomatal apertures, while exogenous SLs were able to induce stomatal closure and rescue the more widely opening stomata of SL-deficient mutants. The SL-biosynthetic genes were induced by abiotic stress in shoot tissues. Disruption of ABA-biosynthetic genes, as well as genes that function in guard cell ABA signaling, resulted in no impairment in SL-mediated stomatal response. However, disruption of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2 (MAX2), DWARF14 (D14), and the anion channel gene SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1 (SLAC1) impaired SL-triggered stomatal closure. SLs stimulated a marked increase in H2 O2 and NO contents, which is required for stomatal closure. Our results suggest that SLs play a prominent role, together with H2 O2 /NO production and SLAC1 activation, in inducing stomatal closure in an ABA-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Lv
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Lixia Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jinbin Wu
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jingwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yanting Lv
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiaoping She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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Current understanding of pattern-triggered immunity and hormone-mediated defense in rice (Oryza sativa) in response to Magnaporthe oryzae infection. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 83:95-105. [PMID: 29061483 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogens represent a huge threat to world food security, affecting both crop production and quality. Although significant progress has been made in improving plant immunity by expressing key, defense-related genes and proteins from different species in transgenic crops, a challenge remains for molecular breeders and biotechnologists to successfully engineer elite, transgenic crop varieties with improved resistance against critical plant pathogens. Upon pathogen attack, including infection of rice (Oryza sativa) by Magnaporthe oryzae, host plants initiate a complex defense response at molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. Plants perceive the presence of pathogens by detecting microbe-associated molecular patterns via pattern recognition receptors, and initiate a first line of innate immunity, the so-called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). This results in a series of downstream defense responses, including the production of hormones, which collectively function to fend off pathogen attacks. A variety of studies have demonstrated that many genes are involved in the defense response of rice to M. oryzae. In this review, the current understanding of mechanisms that improve rice defense response to M. oryzae will be discussed, with special focus on PTI and the phytohormones ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid; as well as on the mediation of defense signaling mechanisms by PTI and these hormones. Potential target genes that may serve as promising candidates for improving rice immunity against M. oryzae will also be discussed.
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Wang J, Yao W, Wang L, Ma F, Tong W, Wang C, Bao R, Jiang C, Yang Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Wang X, Zhang C, Wang Y. Overexpression of VpEIFP1, a novel F-box/Kelch-repeat protein from wild Chinese Vitis pseudoreticulata, confers higher tolerance to powdery mildew by inducing thioredoxin z proteolysis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:142-155. [PMID: 28818370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
An F-box protein (VpEIFP1) induced by Erysiphe necator was isolated from Vitis pseudoreticulata, a wild Chinese grapevine species naturally resistant to powdery mildew (PM). It contains an F-box domain and two Kelch-repeat motifs. Expression profiles indicate the VpEIFP1 is strongly induced at both transcriptional and translational levels by PM infection. A subcellular localisation assay showed that VpEIFP1 is predominantly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Overexpression of VpEIFP1 accelerated the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and up-regulated the expressions of ICS2, NPR1 and PR1 involved in defence responses, resulting in suppression of PM germination and growth. As an F-box protein, VpEIFP1 interacts with thioredoxin z (VpTrxz) in the yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and in the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. Decreased amounts of VpTrxz protein in transgenic grapevine leaves overexpressing VpEIFP1 were restored by proteasome inhibitor MG132, implying that VpEIFP1 mediated VpTrxz for degradation through the SCFVpEIFP1 (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. The RNA interference line of VpTrxz showed increased H2O2 accumulation following PM inoculation. We propose VpEIFP1 positively modulates the grapevine defence response to PM by inducing the degradation of VpTrxz via the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenkong Yao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuli Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weihuo Tong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Bao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changyue Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaohong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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De Cuyper C, Goormachtig S. Strigolactones in the Rhizosphere: Friend or Foe? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:683-690. [PMID: 28598262 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-17-0051-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are well-known endogenous plant hormones that play a major role in planta by influencing different physiological processes. Moreover, ex planta, strigolactones are important signaling molecules in root exudates and function as host detection cues to launch mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. However, parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family hijacked this communication system to stimulate their seed germination when in close proximity to the roots of a suitable host. As a result, the secretion of strigolactones by the plant can have both favorable and detrimental outcomes. Here, we discuss these dual positive and negative effects of strigolactones and we provide a detailed overview on the role of these molecules in the complex dialogs between plants and different organisms in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien De Cuyper
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, and Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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56
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Upasani ML, Limaye BM, Gurjar GS, Kasibhatla SM, Joshi RR, Kadoo NY, Gupta VS. Chickpea-Fusarium oxysporum interaction transcriptome reveals differential modulation of plant defense strategies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7746. [PMID: 28798320 PMCID: PMC5552786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is one of the major biotic stresses reducing chickpea productivity. The use of wilt-resistant cultivars is the most appropriate means to combat the disease and secure productivity. As a step towards understanding the molecular basis of wilt resistance in chickpea, we investigated the transcriptomes of wilt-susceptible and wilt-resistant cultivars under both Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) challenged and unchallenged conditions. Transcriptome profiling using LongSAGE provided a valuable insight into the molecular interactions between chickpea and Foc, which revealed several known as well as novel genes with differential or unique expression patterns in chickpea contributing to lignification, hormonal homeostasis, plant defense signaling, ROS homeostasis, R-gene mediated defense, etc. Similarly, several Foc genes characteristically required for survival and growth of the pathogen were expressed only in the susceptible cultivar with null expression of most of these genes in the resistant cultivar. This study provides a rich resource for functional characterization of the genes involved in resistance mechanism and their use in breeding for sustainable wilt-resistance. Additionally, it provides pathogen targets facilitating the development of novel control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha L Upasani
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.,Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Bhakti M Limaye
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Gayatri S Gurjar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sunitha M Kasibhatla
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rajendra R Joshi
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Center for Development of Advanced Computing, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Narendra Y Kadoo
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
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Shigenaga AM, Berens ML, Tsuda K, Argueso CT. Towards engineering of hormonal crosstalk in plant immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28624670 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones regulate physiological responses in plants, including responses to pathogens and beneficial microbes. The last decades have provided a vast amount of evidence about the contribution of different plant hormones to plant immunity, and also of how they cooperate to orchestrate immunity activation, in a process known as hormone crosstalk. In this review we highlight the complexity of hormonal crosstalk in immunity and approaches currently being used to further understand this process, as well as perspectives to engineer hormone crosstalk for enhanced pathogen resistance and overall plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Shigenaga
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matthias L Berens
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Cristiana T Argueso
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Ju S, Go YS, Choi HJ, Park JM, Suh MC. DEWAX Transcription Factor Is Involved in Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1210. [PMID: 28744297 PMCID: PMC5504226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle of land plants is the first physical barrier to protect their aerial parts from biotic and abiotic stresses. DEWAX, an AP2/ERF-type transcription factor, negatively regulates cuticular wax biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and Camelina sativa overexpressing DEWAX and in Arabidopsis dewax mutant. Compared to wild type (WT) leaves, Arabidopsis DEWAX OX and dewax leaves were more and less permeable to toluidine blue dye, respectively. The ROS levels increased in DEWAX OX leaves, but decreased in dewax relative to WT leaves. Compared to WT, DEWAX OX was more resistant, while dewax was more sensitive to B. cinerea; however, defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000:GFP were inversely modulated. Microarray and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the expression of defense-related genes was upregulated in DEWAX OX, but downregulated in dewax relative to WT. Transactivation assay showed that DEWAX upregulated the expression of PDF1.2a, IGMT1, and PRX37. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that DEWAX directly interacts with the GCC-box motifs of PDF1.2a promoter. In addition, ectopic expression of DEWAX increased the tolerance to B. cinerea in C. sativa. Taken together, we suggest that increased ROS accumulation and DEWAX-mediated upregulation of defense-related genes are closely associated with enhanced resistance to B. cinerea in Arabidopsis and C. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Ju
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Sam Go
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Choi
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDeajeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDeajeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South Korea
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López-Ráez JA, Shirasu K, Foo E. Strigolactones in Plant Interactions with Beneficial and Detrimental Organisms: The Yin and Yang. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:527-537. [PMID: 28400173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that have important roles as modulators of plant development. They were originally described as ex planta signaling molecules in the rhizosphere that induce the germination of parasitic plants, a role that was later linked to encouraging the beneficial symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Recently, the focus has shifted to examining the role of SLs in plant-microbe interactions, and has revealed roles for SLs in the association of legumes with nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria and in interactions with disease-causing pathogens. Here, we examine the role of SLs in plant interactions with beneficial and detrimental organisms, and propose possible future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A López-Ráez
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada 18008, Spain.
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eloise Foo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Christie N, Myburg AA, Joubert F, Murray SL, Carstens M, Lin YC, Meyer J, Crampton BG, Christensen SA, Ntuli JF, Wighard SS, Van de Peer Y, Berger DK. Systems genetics reveals a transcriptional network associated with susceptibility in the maize-grey leaf spot pathosystem. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:746-763. [PMID: 27862526 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We used a systems genetics approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the responses of maize to grey leaf spot (GLS) disease caused by Cercospora zeina, a threat to maize production globally. Expression analysis of earleaf samples in a subtropical maize recombinant inbred line population (CML444 × SC Malawi) subjected in the field to C. zeina infection allowed detection of 20 206 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Four trans-eQTL hotspots coincided with GLS disease QTLs mapped in the same field experiment. Co-expression network analysis identified three expression modules correlated with GLS disease scores. The module (GY-s) most highly correlated with susceptibility (r = 0.71; 179 genes) was enriched for the glyoxylate pathway, lipid metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis and responses to pathogen molecules such as chitin. The GY-s module was enriched for genes with trans-eQTLs in hotspots on chromosomes 9 and 10, which also coincided with phenotypic QTLs for susceptibility to GLS. This transcriptional network has significant overlap with the GLS susceptibility response of maize line B73, and may reflect pathogen manipulation for nutrient acquisition and/or unsuccessful defence responses, such as kauralexin production by the diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. The co-expression module that correlated best with resistance (TQ-r; 1498 genes) was enriched for genes with trans-eQTLs in hotspots coinciding with GLS resistance QTLs on chromosome 9. Jasmonate responses were implicated in resistance to GLS through co-expression of COI1 and enrichment of genes with the Gene Ontology term 'cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex' in the TQ-r module. Consistent with this, JAZ repressor expression was highly correlated with the severity of GLS disease in the GY-s susceptibility network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Christie
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genomics Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Alexander A Myburg
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Fourie Joubert
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genomics Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Shane L Murray
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, 0A Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Maryke Carstens
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Yao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Meyer
- Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, 0A Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Bridget G Crampton
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Chemistry Research Unit, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Jean F Ntuli
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Sara S Wighard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - Dave K Berger
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
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Leonard S, Hommais F, Nasser W, Reverchon S. Plant-phytopathogen interactions: bacterial responses to environmental and plant stimuli. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:1689-1716. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Leonard
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Florence Hommais
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - William Nasser
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Sylvie Reverchon
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, 10 rue Raphaël Dubois Villeurbanne F-69622 France
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Mishra S, Upadhyay S, Shukla RK. The Role of Strigolactones and Their Potential Cross-talk under Hostile Ecological Conditions in Plants. Front Physiol 2017; 7:691. [PMID: 28119634 PMCID: PMC5222854 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The changing environment always questions the survival mechanism of life on earth. The plant being special in the sense of their sessile habit need to face many of these environmental fluctuations as they have a lesser escape option. To counter these adverse conditions, plants have developed efficient sensing, signaling, and response mechanism. Among them the role of phytohormones in the management of hostile ecological situations is remarkable. The strigolactone, a newly emerged plant hormone has been identified with many functions such as growth stimulant of parasitic plants, plant architecture determinant, arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis promoter, and also in many other developmental and environmental cues. Despite of their immense developmental potential, the strigolactone research in the last few years has also established their significance in adverse environmental condition. In the current review, its significance under drought, salinity, nutrient starvation, temperature, and pathogenic assail has been discussed. This review also opens the research prospects of strigolactone to better manage the crop loss under hostile ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mishra
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Upadhyay
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh K Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Council, Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Lucknow, India
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Survila M, Davidsson PR, Pennanen V, Kariola T, Broberg M, Sipari N, Heino P, Palva ET. Peroxidase-Generated Apoplastic ROS Impair Cuticle Integrity and Contribute to DAMP-Elicited Defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1945. [PMID: 28066496 PMCID: PMC5179520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular defects trigger a battery of reactions including enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resistance to necrotrophic pathogens. However, the source of ROS generated by such impaired cuticles has remained elusive. Here, we report the characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana ohy1 mutant, a Peroxidase 57 (PER57) - overexpressing line that demonstrates enhanced defense responses that result both from increased accumulation of ROS and permeability of the leaf cuticle. The ohy1 mutant was identified in a screen of A. thaliana seedlings for oligogalacturonides (OGs) insensitive/hypersensitive mutants that exhibit altered growth retardation in response to exogenous OGs. Mutants impaired in OG sensitivity were analyzed for disease resistance/susceptibility to the necrotrophic phytopathogens Botrytis cinerea and Pectobacterium carotovorum. In the ohy1 line, the hypersensitivity to OGs was associated with resistance to the tested pathogens. This PER57 overexpressing line exhibited a significantly more permeable leaf cuticle than wild-type plants and this phenotype could be recapitulated by overexpressing other class III peroxidases. Such peroxidase overexpression was accompanied by the suppressed expression of cutin biosynthesis genes and the enhanced expression of genes associated with OG-signaling. Application of ABA completely removed ROS, restored the expression of genes associated with cuticle biosynthesis and led to decreased permeability of the leaf cuticle, and finally, abolished immunity to B. cinerea. Our work demonstrates that increased peroxidase activity increases permeability of the leaf cuticle. The loss of cuticle integrity primes plant defenses to necrotrophic pathogens via the activation of DAMP-responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erkki T. Palva
- Division of Genetics, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
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Marzec M. Strigolactones as Part of the Plant Defence System. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:900-903. [PMID: 27615727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones, described as regulators of plant growth and development. Recently, it was proposed that these hormones might also be involved in the biotic stress response. However, SLs do not have a universal role in plant protection, instead only playing a part in resistance to specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Marzec
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland D-06466, Germany; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-032, Poland.
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Lee IH, Lee IC, Kim J, Kim JH, Chung EH, Kim HJ, Park SJ, Kim YM, Kang SK, Nam HG, Woo HR, Lim PO. NORE1/SAUL1 integrates temperature-dependent defense programs involving SGT1b and PAD4 pathways and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:180-99. [PMID: 26910207 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is not only primarily governed by developmental age but also influenced by various internal and external factors. Although some genes that control leaf senescence have been identified, the detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying integration of diverse senescence-associated signals into the senescence programs remain to be elucidated. To dissect the regulatory pathways involved in leaf senescence, we isolated the not oresara1-1 (nore1-1) mutant showing accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes from an EMS-mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana population. We found that altered transcriptional programs in defense response-related processes were associated with the accelerated leaf senescence phenotypes observed in nore1-1 through microarray analysis. The nore1-1 mutation activated defense program, leading to enhanced disease resistance. Intriguingly, high ambient temperature effectively suppresses the early senescence and death phenotypes of nore1-1. The gene responsible for the phenotypes of nore1-1 contains a missense mutation in SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED E3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE 1 (SAUL1), which was reported as a negative regulator of premature senescence in the light intensity- and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4)-dependent manner. Through extensive double mutant analyses, we recently identified suppressor of the G2 Allele of SKP1b (SGT1b), one of the positive regulators for disease resistance conferred by many resistance (R) proteins, as a downstream signaling component in NORE1-mediated senescence and cell death pathways. In conclusion, NORE1/SAUL1 is a key factor integrating signals from temperature-dependent defense programs and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. These findings provide a new insight that plants might utilize defense response program in regulating leaf senescence process, possibly through recruiting the related genes during the evolution of the leaf senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Lee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Chung
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Bioscience, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Kyu Kang
- Department of Bioscience, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Ryun Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pyung Ok Lim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Reverchon S, Muskhelisvili G, Nasser W. Virulence Program of a Bacterial Plant Pathogen: The Dickeya Model. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 142:51-92. [PMID: 27571692 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pectinolytic Dickeya spp. are Gram-negative bacteria causing severe disease in a wide range of plant species. Although the Dickeya genus was initially restricted to tropical and subtropical areas, two Dickeya species (D. dianthicola and D. solani) emerged recently in potato cultures in Europe. Soft-rot, the visible symptoms, is caused by plant cell wall degrading enzymes, mainly pectate lyases (Pels) that cleave the pectin polymer. However, an efficient colonization of the host requires many additional elements including early factors (eg, flagella, lipopolysaccharide, and exopolysaccharide) that allow adhesion of the bacteria and intermediate factors involved in adaptation to new growth conditions encountered in the host (eg, oxidative stress, iron starvation, and toxic compounds). To facilitate this adaptation, Dickeya have developed complex regulatory networks ensuring appropriate expression of virulence genes. This review presents recent advances in our understanding of the signals and genetic circuits impacting the expression of virulence determinants. Special attention is paid to integrated control of virulence functions by variations in the superhelical density of chromosomal DNA, and the global and specific regulators, making the regulation of Dickeya virulence an especially attractive model for those interested in relationships between the chromosomal dynamics and gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reverchon
- Department of Biology, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
| | - G Muskhelisvili
- Department of Biology, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - W Nasser
- Department of Biology, University of Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
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Karimi M, Ghazanfari F, Fadaei A, Ahmadi L, Shiran B, Rabei M, Fallahi H. The Small-RNA Profiles of Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) Reproductive Tissues in Response to Cold Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156519. [PMID: 27253370 PMCID: PMC4890778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spring frost is an important environmental stress that threatens the production of Prunus trees. However, little information is available regarding molecular response of these plants to the frost stress. Using high throughput sequencing, this study was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, both the conserved and the non-conserved ones, in the reproductive tissues of almond tolerant H genotype under cold stress. Analysis of 50 to 58 million raw reads led to identification of 174 unique conserved and 59 novel microRNAs (miRNAs). Differential expression pattern analysis showed that 50 miRNA families were expressed differentially in one or both of almond reproductive tissues (anther and ovary). Out of these 50 miRNA families, 12 and 15 displayed up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. The distribution of conserved miRNA families indicated that miR482f harbor the highest number of members. Confirmation of miRNAs expression patterns by quantitative real- time PCR (qPCR) was performed in cold tolerant (H genotype) alongside a sensitive variety (Sh12 genotype). Our analysis revealed differential expression for 9 miRNAs in anther and 3 miRNAs in ovary between these two varieties. Target prediction of miRNAs followed by differential expression analysis resulted in identification of 83 target genes, mostly transcription factors. This study comprehensively catalogued expressed miRNAs under different temperatures in two reproductive tissues (anther and ovary). Results of current study and the previous RNA-seq study, which was conducted in the same tissues by our group, provide a unique opportunity to understand the molecular basis of responses of almond to cold stress. The results can also enhance the possibility for gene manipulation to develop cold tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Karimi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O.Box 115, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Ghazanfari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O.Box 115, Iran
| | - Adeleh Fadaei
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O.Box 115, Iran
| | - Laleh Ahmadi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O.Box 115, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shiran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O.Box 115, Iran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O.Box 115, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabei
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, P.O.Box 115, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Bagh-e-Abrisham Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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68
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Foo E, Blake SN, Fisher BJ, Smith JA, Reid JB. The role of strigolactones during plant interactions with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. PLANTA 2016; 243:1387-96. [PMID: 26725046 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Strigolactones (SLs) do not influence spore germination or hyphal growth of Fusarium oxysporum. Mutant studies revealed no role for SLs but a role for ethylene signalling in defence against this pathogen in pea. Strigolactones (SLs) play important roles both inside the plant as a hormone and outside the plant as a rhizosphere signal in interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic weeds. What is less well understood is any potential role SLs may play in interactions with disease causing microbes such as pathogenic fungi. In this paper we investigate the influence of SLs on the hemibiotrophic pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi both directly via their effects on fungal growth and inside the plant through the use of a mutant deficient in SL. Given that various stereoisomers of synthetic and naturally occuring SLs can display different biological activities, we used (+)-GR24, (-)-GR24 and the naturally occurring SL, (+)-strigol, as well as a racemic mixture of 5-deoxystrigol. As a positive control, we examined the influence of a plant mutant with altered ethylene signalling, ein2, on disease development. We found no evidence that SLs influence spore germination or hyphal growth of Fusarium oxysporum and that, while ethylene signalling influences pea susceptibility to this pathogen, SLs do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Foo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.
| | - Sara N Blake
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Brendan J Fisher
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Jason A Smith
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - James B Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
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Jiang X, Zghidi-Abouzid O, Oger-Desfeux C, Hommais F, Greliche N, Muskhelishvili G, Nasser W, Reverchon S. Global transcriptional response of Dickeya dadantii to environmental stimuli relevant to the plant infection. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3651-3672. [PMID: 26940633 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dickeya species are soft rot disease-causing bacterial plant pathogens and an emerging agricultural threat in Europe. Environmental modulation of gene expression is critical for Dickeya dadantii pathogenesis. While the bacterium uses various environmental cues to distinguish between its habitats, an intricate transcriptional control system coordinating the expression of virulence genes ensures efficient infection. Understanding of this behaviour requires a detailed knowledge of expression patterns under a wide range of environmental conditions, which is currently lacking. To obtain a comprehensive picture of this adaptive response, we devised a strategy to examine the D. dadantii transcriptome in a series of 32 infection-relevant conditions encountered in the hosts. We propose a temporal map of the bacterial response to various stress conditions and show that D. dadantii elicits complex genetic behaviour combining common stress-response genes with distinct sets of genes specifically induced under each particular stress. Comparison of our dataset with an in planta expression profile reveals the combined impact of stress factors and enables us to predict the major stress confronting D. dadantii at a particular stage of infection. We provide a comprehensive catalog of D. dadantii genomic responses to environmentally relevant stimuli, thus facilitating future studies of this important plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Jiang
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christine Oger-Desfeux
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Pôle Rhône-Alpes de Bioinformatique, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Hommais
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Greliche
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Georgi Muskhelishvili
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - William Nasser
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvie Reverchon
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CNRS, UMR5240, Microbiologie, Adaptation, Pathogénie, Département Biologie, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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Pandey A, Sharma M, Pandey GK. Emerging Roles of Strigolactones in Plant Responses to Stress and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:434. [PMID: 27092155 PMCID: PMC4821062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Our environment constantly undergoes changes either natural or manmade affecting growth and development of all the organisms including plants. Plants are sessile in nature and therefore to counter environmental changes such as light, temperature, nutrient and water availability, pathogen, and many others; plants have evolved intricate signaling mechanisms, composed of multiple components including several plant hormones. Research conducted in the last decade has placed Strigolactones (SLs) in the growing list of plant hormones involved in coping with environmental changes. SLs are carotenoid derivatives functioning as both endogenous and exogenous signaling molecules in response to various environmental cues. Initially, SLs were discovered as compounds that are harmful to plants due to their role as stimulants in seed germination of parasitic plants, a more beneficial role in plant growth and development was uncovered much later. SLs are required for maintaining plant architecture by regulating shoot and root growth in response to various external stimuli including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, light, nutrients, and temperature. Moreover, a role for SLs has also been recognized during various abiotic and biotic stress conditions making them suitable target for generating genetically engineered crop plants with improved yield. This review discusses the biosynthesis of SLs and their regulatory and physiological roles in various stress conditions. Understanding of detailed signaling mechanisms of SLs will be an important factor for designing genetically modified crops for overcoming the problem of crop loss under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of DelhiNew Delhi, India
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Alvarez A, Montesano M, Schmelz E, Ponce de León I. Activation of Shikimate, Phenylpropanoid, Oxylipins, and Auxin Pathways in Pectobacterium carotovorum Elicitors-Treated Moss. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:328. [PMID: 27047509 PMCID: PMC4801897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to cope with microbial pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are perceived by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of defense. While substantial progress has been made in understanding the activation of plant defense by PAMPs and DAMPs recognition in tracheophytes, far less information exists on related processes in early divergent plants like mosses. The aim of this study was to identify genes that were induced in P. patens in response to elicitors of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, using a cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. A total of 239 unigenes were identified, including genes involved in defense responses related to the shikimate, phenylpropanoid, and oxylipin pathways. The expression levels of selected genes related to these pathways were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR, confirming their rapid induction by P.c. carotovorum derived elicitors. In addition, P. patens induced cell wall reinforcement after elicitor treatment by incorporation of phenolic compounds, callose deposition, and elevated expression of Dirigent-like encoding genes. Small molecule defense markers and phytohormones such as cinnamic acid, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, and auxin levels all increased in elicitor-treated moss tissues. In contrast, salicylic acid levels decreased while abscisic acid levels remained unchanged. P. patens reporter lines harboring an auxin-inducible promoter fused to β-glucuronidase revealed GUS activity in protonemal and gametophores tissues treated with elicitors of P.c. carotovorum, consistent with a localized activation of auxin signaling. These results indicate that P. patens activates the shikimate, phenylpropanoid, oxylipins, and auxin pathways upon treatment with P.c. carotovorum derived elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Montesano
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eric Schmelz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente EstableMontevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Inés Ponce de León
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