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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Biava PM. Exosomes and Cell Communication: From Tumour-Derived Exosomes and Their Role in Tumour Progression to the Use of Exosomal Cargo for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040822. [PMID: 33669294 PMCID: PMC7920050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, within the research community, exosomes, transporters of bioactive molecules involved in many signalling pathways and cell-to-cell communication with the capacity to alter the tumour microenvironment, have been attracting increasing interest among oncologists. These molecules can play multiple roles, e.g., as useful biomarkers in diagnosis, modulators of the immune system, promoters of the formation of the pre-metastatic niches and cancer metastasis and carriers of substances or factors with anticancer properties. This review focuses on the use of exosomes as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Particularly, it highlights the potential of exosomes as carriers of stem cell differentiation stage factors (SCDSFs) for “cell reprogramming” therapy, a promising research field on which we have reported previously. Here, the main characteristics of this treatment and the advantages that can be obtained using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes up-loaded with the SCDSFs as carriers of these factors are also discussed. Abstract Exosomes are nano-vesicle-shaped particles secreted by various cells, including cancer cells. Recently, the interest in exosomes among cancer researchers has grown enormously for their many potential roles, and many studies have focused on the bioactive molecules that they export as exosomal cargo. These molecules can function as biomarkers in diagnosis or play a relevant role in modulating the immune system and in promoting apoptosis, cancer development and progression. Others, considering exosomes potentially helpful for cancer treatment, have started to investigate them in experimental therapeutic trials. In this review, first, the biogenesis of exosomes and their main characteristics was briefly described. Then, the capability of tumour-derived exosomes and oncosomes in tumour microenvironments (TMEs) remodelling and pre-metastatic niche formation, as well as their interference with the immune system during cancer development, was examined. Finally, the potential role of exosomes for cancer therapy was discussed. Particularly, in addition, their use as carriers of natural substances and drugs with anticancer properties or carriers of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and anticancer vaccines for immunotherapy, exosomes as biological reprogrammers of cancer cells have gained increased consensus. The principal aspects and the rationale of this intriguing therapeutic proposal are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pier Mario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Care Multimedica, 20099 Milan, Italy;
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Sahu S, Routray S. Assessing the analytical efficacy of TEX in diagnosing oral cancer using a systematic review approach. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:123-128. [PMID: 33184963 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5-year survival rates in OSCC depend on the stage at diagnosis. Patients have better survival and favourable outcomes if detected early, as compared to those diagnosed in advanced stages. Apart from biopsy and mucosal scraping examinations, exosomes from saliva and blood are emerging as an accessible source for diagnosis and providing additional information about the tumour's characteristics. Hence, the study of tumour-derived exosomal (TEX) biomarkers obtained from a liquid biopsy is emerging as a promising diagnostic tool. In this systematic review, our effort is to assess the role of TEX as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchanda Sahu
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Bernardi S, Farina M. Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles in Myeloid Neoplasia: The Multiple and Complex Roles Played by These " Magic Bullets". BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020105. [PMID: 33540594 PMCID: PMC7912829 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by the majority of cell types and can be isolated from both cell cultures and body fluids. They are involved in cell-to-cell communication and may shuttle different messages (RNA, DNA, and proteins). These messages are known to influence the microenvironment of cells and their behavior. In recent years, some evidence about the involvement of EVs and exosomes, an EV subgroup, in immunomodulation, the transfer of disease markers, and the treatment of myeloid malignancies have been reported. Little is known about these vesicles in this particular setting of hematologic neoplasia; here, we summarize and critically review the available results, aiming to encourage further investigations. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (exosomes, in particular) are essential in multicellular organisms because they mediate cell-to-cell communication via the transfer of secreted molecules. They are able to shuttle different cargo, from nucleic acids to proteins. The role of exosomes has been widely investigated in solid tumors, which gave us surprising results about their potential involvement in pathogenesis and created an opening for liquid biopsies. Less is known about exosomes in oncohematology, particularly concerning the malignancies deriving from myeloid lineage. In this review, we aim to present an overview of immunomodulation and the microenvironment alteration mediated by exosomes released by malicious myeloid cells. Afterwards, we review the studies reporting the use of exosomes as disease biomarkers and their influence in response to treatment, together with the recent experiences that have focused on the use of exosomes as therapeutic tools. The further development of new technologies and the increased knowledge of biological (exosomes) and clinical (myeloid neoplasia) aspects are expected to change the future approaches to these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bernardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0303998464
| | - Mirko Farina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Wang X, Guo J, Yu P, Guo L, Mao X, Wang J, Miao S, Sun J. The roles of extracellular vesicles in the development, microenvironment, anticancer drug resistance, and therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:35. [PMID: 33478586 PMCID: PMC7819156 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the main malignant tumours affecting human health, mainly due to delayed diagnosis and high invasiveness. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by cells into the extracellular matrix that carry important signalling molecules and stably and widely exist in various body fluids, such as plasma, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, urine, semen, lymphatic fluid, synovial fluid, amniotic fluid, and sputum. EVs transport almost all types of bioactive molecules (DNA, mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, metabolites, and even pharmacological compounds). These "cargoes" can act on recipient cells, reshaping the surrounding microenvironment and altering distant targets, ultimately affecting their biological behaviour. The extensive exploration of EVs has deepened our comprehensive understanding of HNSCC biology. In this review, we not only summarized the effect of HNSCC-derived EVs on the tumour microenvironment but also described the role of microenvironment-derived EVs in HNSCC and discussed how the "mutual dialogue" between the tumour and microenvironment mediates the growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune escape, and drug resistance of tumours. Finally, the clinical application of EVS in HNSCC was assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnan Guo
- The First Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingyang Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunhua Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Tumors, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Leung LL, Riaz MK, Qu X, Chan J, Meehan K. Profiling of extracellular vesicles in oral cancer, from transcriptomics to proteomics. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:3-23. [PMID: 33460766 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancers occurring in different subsites can have distinct etiologies' and are a significant problem worldwide. In general, the incidence of oral cancers has declined over the last decade due to improvements in modifiable risk factors (tobacco and alcohol consumption). However, recent data suggest that the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas in the oral tongue and oropharynx are increasing. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an important risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer and is associated with better treatment responses when compared with HPV-unrelated oropharyngeal cancer. Regardless of the subsite, there are no clinically available biomarkers for the early detection of these cancers and many are detected at an advanced stage and are associated with poor 5-year survival rates. Tumor tissue and serial needle biopsies are used to diagnose and prognosticate oral cancers but have important limitations. Besides being invasive and physically painful, these types of biopsies offer a limited view of a complex tumor due to inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and a dynamic tumor microenvironment. Liquid biopsies offer a promising and alternative way to measure disease in real-time. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles that are secreted by all cells types and can be readily isolated from a wide range of biofluids. EVs are structurally stable and can horizontally transfer bioactive molecules to distant sites throughout the body in concentrated forms that exceed what can be delivered in a soluble format. As EVs represent their cell of origin, biofluid derived EVs are heterogeneous and are comprised of a complex repertoire of host- and cancer-derived particles. This review article has focused on studies that have used transcriptomics and proteomics to explore the function and clinical significance of EVs in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne L Leung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Kashif Riaz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xinyu Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jason Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Labanca F, Ullah H, Khan H, Milella L, Xiao J, Dajic-Stevanovic Z, Jeandet P. Therapeutic and Mechanistic Effects of Curcumin in Huntington's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:1007-1018. [PMID: 32442088 PMCID: PMC8686321 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200522201123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a spice derived nutraceutical which gained tremendous attention because of its profound medicinal values. It alters a number of molecular pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2), which make it potential therapeutic choice in treating multiple disorders. It also possesses the potential to prevent protein aggregation and thus protect against degeneration of neurons in neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD). HD is an autosomal dominant disorder linked with altered gene expression which leads to an increase in the size of cytosine, adenine and guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats, aids in protein aggregation throughout the brain and thus damages neurons. Upstream regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade are two important factors that drive HD progression. Available therapies just suppress the severity of symptoms with a number of side effects. Curcumin targets multiple mechanisms in treating or preventing HD including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, metal ion chelation, transcriptional alterations and upregulating activity of molecular chaperons, heat shock proteins (HSPs). Having a favorable safety profile, curcumin can be an alternative therapeutic choice in treating neurodegenerative disorders like HD. This review will focus on mechanistic aspects of curcumin in treating or preventing HD and its potential to arrest disease progression and will open new dimensions for safe and effective therapeutic agents in diminishing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haroon Khan
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan;, E-mails: ;
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Khan AQ, Akhtar S, Prabhu KS, Zarif L, Khan R, Alam M, Buddenkotte J, Ahmad A, Steinhoff M, Uddin S. Exosomes: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets in Cutaneous Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239264. [PMID: 33291683 PMCID: PMC7730213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ and is continuously exposed to various exogenous and endogenous trigger factors affecting body homeostasis. A number of mechanisms, including genetic, inflammatory and autoimmune ones, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the role that extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, play in human diseases, through their modulation of multiple signaling pathways. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles secreted by all cell types. They function as cargo carriers shuttling proteins, nucleic acids, lipids etc., thus impacting the cell-cell communications and transfer of vital information/moieties critical for skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. This review summarizes the available knowledge on how exosomes affect pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases, and highlights their potential as future targets for the therapy of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q. Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kirti S. Prabhu
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India;
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.); (S.U.); Tel.: +974-40253220 (S.U.)
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.); (S.U.); Tel.: +974-40253220 (S.U.)
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (A.Q.K.); (K.S.P.); (M.A.); (J.B.)
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.S.); (S.U.); Tel.: +974-40253220 (S.U.)
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Chitoiu L, Dobranici A, Gherghiceanu M, Dinescu S, Costache M. Multi-Omics Data Integration in Extracellular Vesicle Biology-Utopia or Future Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228550. [PMID: 33202771 PMCID: PMC7697477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures derived from the endosomal system or generated by plasma membrane shedding. Due to their composition of DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, EVs have garnered a lot of attention as an essential mechanism of cell-to-cell communication, with various implications in physiological and pathological processes. EVs are not only a highly heterogeneous population by means of size and biogenesis, but they are also a source of diverse, functionally rich biomolecules. Recent advances in high-throughput processing of biological samples have facilitated the development of databases comprised of characteristic genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles for EV cargo. Despite the in-depth approach used to map functional molecules in EV-mediated cellular cross-talk, few integrative methods have been applied to analyze the molecular interplay in these targeted delivery systems. New perspectives arise from the field of systems biology, where accounting for heterogeneity may lead to finding patterns in an apparently random pool of data. In this review, we map the biological and methodological causes of heterogeneity in EV multi-omics data and present current applications or possible statistical methods for integrating such data while keeping track of the current bottlenecks in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Chitoiu
- Ultrastructural Pathology and Bioimaging Laboratory, ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; (L.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Dobranici
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Ultrastructural Pathology and Bioimaging Laboratory, ‘Victor Babeș’ National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; (L.C.); (M.G.)
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Biology and Histology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania; (A.D.); (M.C.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050663, Romania
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Zhao C, Zhang G, Liu J, Zhang C, Yao Y, Liao W. Exosomal cargoes in OSCC: current findings and potential functions. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10062. [PMID: 33194377 PMCID: PMC7646305 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy in head and neck cancer, with high recurrence and mortality. Early diagnosis and efficient therapeutic strategies are vital for the treatment of OSCC patients. Exosomes can be isolated from a broad range of different cell types, implicating them as important factors in the regulation of human physiological and pathological processes. Due to their abundant cargo including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, exosomes have played a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic role across multiple diseases, including cancer. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the content within and participation of exosomes relating to OSCC and their roles in tumorigenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We conclude this review by looking ahead to their potential utility in providing new methods for treating OSCC to inspire further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Beeraka NM, Doreswamy SH, Sadhu SP, Srinivasan A, Pragada RR, Madhunapantula SV, Aliev G. The Role of Exosomes in Stemness and Neurodegenerative Diseases-Chemoresistant-Cancer Therapeutics and Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186818. [PMID: 32957534 PMCID: PMC7555629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit a wide range of biological properties and functions in the living organisms. They are nanometric vehicles and used for delivering drugs, as they are biocompatible and minimally immunogenic. Exosomal secretions derived from cancer cells contribute to metastasis, immortality, angiogenesis, tissue invasion, stemness and chemo/radio-resistance. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, astrocytes, macrophages, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are involved in the cancer progression and stemness as they induce chemotherapeutic drug resistance in several cancer cells. This review covered the recent research advances in understanding the role of exosomes in cancer progression, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness and drug resistance by illustrating the modulatory effects of exosomal cargo (ex. miRNA, lncRNAs, etc.) on cell signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and cancer stem cell growth and development. Recent reports have implicated exosomes even in the treatment of several cancers. For instance, exosomes-loaded with novel anti-cancer drugs such as phytochemicals, tumor-targeting proteins, anticancer peptides, nucleic acids are known to interfere with drug resistance pathways in several cancer cell lines. In addition, this review depicted the need to develop exosome-based novel diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of cancers and neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, the role of exosomes in stroke and oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M. Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Shalini H. Doreswamy
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (N.M.B.); (S.H.D.)
| | - Surya P. Sadhu
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Asha Srinivasan
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Medicine and Molecular Biology (CERM), Division of Nanoscience and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeswara Rao Pragada
- AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.P.S.); (R.R.P.)
| | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Correspondence: (S.V.M.); or (G.A.); Tel.: +1-440-263-7461 or +7-964-493-1515 (G.A.)
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Peng Y, Song Y, Ding J, Li N, Zhang Z, Wang H. Identification of immune-related biomarkers in adrenocortical carcinoma: Immune-related biomarkers for ACC. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106930. [PMID: 32919215 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that the tumor microenvironment, including immune infiltration, plays a crucially important role in tumor progression. Nevertheless, limited studies have been conducted on this topic in adrenocortical carcinoma. The present study aimed to explore the immune-related biomarkers in adrenocortical carcinoma. CIBERSORT was used to estimate the abundances of 22 kinds of immune cells, and univariable Cox analysis was performed to find survival-related immune cells with both Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Free Interval (PFI). DESeq2 was applied to find differentially expressed genes between adrenocortical carcinoma and normal control samples; subsequently, weighted correlation network analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were conducted to identify immune-related hub genes. xCell, TISIDB, and MsigDB were searched to validate the immune associations of hub genes. Eventually, univariable Cox and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to assess the prognostic implications of the hub gene with the GEO database. Consequently, we identified two hub immune-related genes (ERN1, CEP55), GSEA revealed that both were mainly involved in tumor progression and immune response. ROC analysis indicated that ERN1 can accurately predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFI, and CEP55 had the best performance for the prediction of both OS and PFI compared with other traits. Univariable Cox and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that both genes have a significant effect on prognosis. Furthermore, both hub genes were validated in GEO datasets. The hub genes can provide better insights into tumor microenvironment and serve as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in adrenocortical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Hexi, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Hexi, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Hexi, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Hexi, Tianjin 300000, China.
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Apoptotic exosome-like vesicles regulate endothelial gene expression, inflammatory signaling, and function through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12562. [PMID: 32724121 PMCID: PMC7387353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent endothelial injury promotes maladaptive responses by favoring the release of factors leading to perturbation in vascular homeostasis and tissue architecture. Caspase-3 dependent death of microvascular endothelial cells leads to the release of unique apoptotic exosome-like vesicles (ApoExo). Here, we evaluate the impact of ApoExo on endothelial gene expression and function in the context of a pro-apoptotic stimulus. Endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo differentially express genes involved in cell death, inflammation, differentiation, and cell movement. Endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo showed inhibition of apoptosis, improved wound closure along with reduced angiogenic activity and reduced expression of endothelial markers consistent with the first phase of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endoMT). ApoExo interaction with endothelial cells also led to NF-κB activation. NF-κB is known to participate in endothelial dysfunction in numerous diseases. Silencing NF-κB reversed the anti-apoptotic effect and the pro-migratory state and prevented angiostatic properties and CD31 downregulation in endothelial cells exposed to ApoExo. This study identifies vascular injury-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoExo) as novel drivers of NF-κB activation in endothelial cells and demonstrates the pivotal role of this signaling pathway in coordinating ApoExo-induced functional changes in endothelial cells. Hence, targeting ApoExo-mediated NF-κB activation in endothelial cells opens new avenues to prevent endothelial dysfunction.
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63
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Douanne N, Dong G, Douanne M, Olivier M, Fernandez-Prada C. Unravelling the proteomic signature of extracellular vesicles released by drug-resistant Leishmania infantum parasites. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008439. [PMID: 32628683 PMCID: PMC7365475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis constitutes the 9th largest disease burden among all infectious diseases. Control of this disease is based on a short list of chemotherapeutic agents headed by pentavalent antimonials, followed by miltefosine and amphotericin B; drugs that are far from ideal due to host toxicity, elevated cost, limited access, and high rates of drug resistance. Knowing that the composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can vary according to the state of their parental cell, we hypothesized that EVs released by drug-resistant Leishmania infantum parasites could contain unique and differently enriched proteins depending on the drug-resistance mechanisms involved in the survival of their parental cell line. To assess this possibility, we studied EV production, size, morphology, and protein content of three well-characterized drug-resistant L. infantum cell lines and a wild-type strain. Our results are the first to demonstrate that drug-resistance mechanisms can induce changes in the morphology, size, and distribution of L. infantum EVs. In addition, we identified L. infantum’s core EV proteome. This proteome is highly conserved among strains, with the exception of a handful of proteins that are enriched differently depending on the drug responsible for induction of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, we obtained the first snapshot of proteins enriched in EVs released by antimony-, miltefosine- and amphotericin-resistant parasites. These include several virulence factors, transcription factors, as well as proteins encoded by drug-resistance genes. This detailed study of L. infantum EVs sheds new light on the potential roles of EVs in Leishmania biology, particularly with respect to the parasite’s survival in stressful conditions. This work outlines a crucial first step towards the discovery of EV-based profiles capable of predicting response to antileishmanial agents. Visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening disease caused by Leishmania infantum parasites, which are transmitted by sand flies. In the absence of vaccines, current control of this disease is based on chemotherapy, which is comprised of a very limited arsenal threatened by the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains. In the shadow of growing concern and treatment failure due to resistance, the characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by drug-resistant L. infantum parasites could shed some light on the complex nature of drug resistance in Leishmania and increase our understanding of the biology of the parasite. EVs are vesicles secreted by all eukaryotic cells whose contents (proteins, DNA/RNAs, lipids) vary as a function of their cellular origin. Our results demonstrate for the first time that EVs released by drug-resistant parasites are enriched in unique protein markers that reflect the drug-resistance mechanisms involved in the survival of parental cells. These unique proteins included several virulence and transcription factors, as well as drug-resistance genes; this offers a potential benefit for drug-resistant parasites in terms of parasite-to-parasite communication and host-parasite interactions. Collectively, our initial results could serve as a jumping-off point for the future development of novel EV-based diagnostic tools for the detection and appraisal of antimicrobial-resistant Leishmania populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noélie Douanne
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - George Dong
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Douanne
- Department of Biology, Health and Ecology, “Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes”, Paris, France
| | - Martin Olivier
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (MO); (CFP)
| | - Christopher Fernandez-Prada
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- The Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- * E-mail: (MO); (CFP)
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The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114072. [PMID: 32517240 PMCID: PMC7312915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, the smallest group of extracellular vesicles, carry proteins, miRNA, mRNA, DNA, and lipids, which they efficiently deliver to recipient cells, generating a communication network. Exosomes strongly contribute to the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Isolation of exosomes from HNSCC cell culture or patient’s plasma allows for analyzing their molecular cargo and functional role in immune suppression and tumor progression. Immune affinity-based separation of different exosome subsets, such as tumor-derived or T cell-derived exosomes, from patient’s plasma simultaneously informs about tumor status and immune dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the recent understanding of how exosomes behave in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment and why they are promising liquid biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in HNSCC.
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Yap T, Pruthi N, Seers C, Belobrov S, McCullough M, Celentano A. Extracellular Vesicles in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1197. [PMID: 32054041 PMCID: PMC7072764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from most cell types and utilized in a complex network of near and distant cell-to-cell communication. Insight into this complex nanoscopic interaction in the development, progression and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and precancerous oral mucosal disorders, termed oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), remains of interest. In this review, we comprehensively present the current state of knowledge of EVs in OSCC and OPMDs. A systematic literature search strategy was developed and updated to December 17, 2019. Fifty-five articles were identified addressing EVs in OSCC and OPMDs with all but two articles published from 2015, highlighting the novelty of this research area. Themes included the impact of OSCC-derived EVs on phenotypic changes, lymph-angiogenesis, stromal immune response, mechanisms of therapeutic resistance as well as utility of EVs for drug delivery in OSCC and OPMD. Interest and progress of knowledge of EVs in OSCC and OPMD has been expanding on several fronts. The oral cavity presents a unique and accessible microenvironment for nanoparticle study that could present important models for other solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; (N.P.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (M.M.); (A.C.)
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66
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Rodríguez Zorrilla S, García García A, Blanco Carrión A, Gándara Vila P, Somoza Martín M, Gallas Torreira M, Pérez Sayans M. Exosomes in head and neck cancer. Updating and revisiting. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 34:1641-1651. [PMID: 31496355 PMCID: PMC6746279 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1662000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have gone from being considered simple containers of intracellular waste substances to be considered important carriers of cellular signals. Its broad capacity to promote tumour growth, both in situ and metastatic, has greatly intensified scientific research on them. In the same way and depending on its content, its tumour suppressive properties have opened a window of light and hope in the fight against cancer. In the present review we try to gather in a simple and understandable way the most relevant knowledge to date on the role of exosomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma, helping to understand their process of formation, release and activity on the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rodríguez Zorrilla
- Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Abel García García
- Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Andrés Blanco Carrión
- Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Pilar Gándara Vila
- Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Manuel Somoza Martín
- Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Mercedes Gallas Torreira
- Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Mario Pérez Sayans
- Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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67
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Xiao C, Song F, Zheng YL, Lv J, Wang QF, Xu N. Exosomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:894. [PMID: 31620359 PMCID: PMC6759986 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membranous vesicles that contain proteins, lipids, genetic material, and metabolites with abundant information from parental cells. Exosomes carry and deliver bioactive contents that can reprogram the functions of recipient cells and modulate the tumor microenvironment to induce pathological events through cell-to-cell communication and signal transduction. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are involved in most aspects of cancer initiation, invasion, progression, immunoregulation, therapeutic applications, and treatment resistance. In addition, HNSCC-derived exosomes can be used to obtain information on diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in circulating blood and saliva. Currently, the biology, mechanisms, and applications of TDEs in HNSCC are still unclear, and further research is required. In this review, we discuss various aspects of exosome biology, including exosomal components, exosomal biomarkers, and molecular mechanisms involved in immunoregulation, cancer metastasis, and therapy resistance. We also describe recent applications to update our understanding of exosomes in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Long Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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68
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Wang Y, Han S, You X, Shi X, Liu L, Sun Y, Ma Y, Qian Q, Liu H, Cui B, Zhang Y. The role of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 11 as a tumor promoter in cervical cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8081-8093. [PMID: 31507330 PMCID: PMC6719843 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s211912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 11 (LRP11), a newly found lipoprotein receptor regulatory protein, has the carcinogenic effects in cervical cancer. Methods Bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and evaluation, cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry, transwell migration and invasion assays, Western blotting, growth of LRP11-silenced cells in athymic nude mice were performed in this research. Results We found that LRP11 expression was higher in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical cancer tissue than in normal cervix, and high expression of LRP11 was associated with differentiation degree (P=0.0266), indicating poor prognosis (P=0.0210). The silencing of LRP11 in SiHa and CaSki cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, reduced migration and invasion and suppressed cell growth in nude mice, which possibly related to cell cycle protein regulation of CDK 2/4, cyclin D1/E1, MMP-2/9, and VEGF. Furthermore, LRP11 showed substantial positive correlation with P16 in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion LRP11 plays important roles in proliferation, migration and invasion, with the potential to be a useful prognostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with HSIL and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 262500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewu You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Shi
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yana Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Qian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxia Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
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69
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Hu G, Wang R, Wei B, Wang L, Yang Q, Kong D, Du C. Prognostic Markers Identification in Glioma by Gene Expression Profile Analysis. J Comput Biol 2019; 27:81-90. [PMID: 31433208 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore more gene markers associated with glioma or its prognosis. The glioma-related RNAseq data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset in UCSC Xena database were downloaded. There was a total of 971 tumor samples and 102 normal samples in the 2 datasets. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) data between tumor and normal samples were analyzed, on which were then performed function and pathway enrichment analyses. Pearson correlation coefficient between DEGs was calculated to construct the coexpression network. Finally, prognostic genes were screened. A total of 634 upregulated and 769 downregulated DEGs were identified between tumor and control groups. These DEGs were significantly involved in 15 upregulated pathways, such as p53 signaling pathway, and 16 downregulated pathways, such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecules. In the coexpression network, pseudouridine synthase 7 (PUS7), EFR3 homolog B (EFR3B), and neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NRCAM) had the top three highest degrees. Additionally, 17 prognostic genes were selected, such as thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), caspase-8 (CASP8), glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 (GRIA2), GRIA4, and ADCYAP receptor type I (ADCYAP1R1). Pathways of p53 signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction may play important roles in glioma progression. PUS7, EFR3B, and NRCAM may be potential biomarkers of glioma. THBS1, CASP8, GRIA2, GRIA4, and ADCYAP1R1 may serve as prognostic markers in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhang Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Radiology, and China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daliang Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Deng F, Miller J. A review on protein markers of exosome from different bio-resources and the antibodies used for characterization. J Histotechnol 2019; 42:226-239. [PMID: 31432761 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2019.1646984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (ranging from 30 nm to 150 nm), secreted by different cell types upon fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) to the cell plasma membrane under a variety of normal and pathological conditions. Through transferring their cargos such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor cells to recipient cells, exosomes play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication. Due to their presence in most body fluids (such as blood, breast milk, saliva, urine, bile, pancreatic juice, cerebrospinal and peritoneal fluids), and their role in carrying bioactive molecules from the cells of origin, exosomes have attracted great interest in their diagnostic and prognostic value for various diseases and therapeutic approaches. Although a large body of literature has documented the importance of exosomes over the past decade, there is no article systematically summarizing protein markers of exosome from different resources and the antibodies that are suited to characterize exosomes. In this review, we briefly summarize the exosome marker proteins, exosomal biomarkers for different diseases, and the antibodies suitable for different bio-resources exosomes characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Deng
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Josh Miller
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Kikuchi S, Yoshioka Y, Prieto-Vila M, Ochiya T. Involvement of Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular-Related Functions in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102584. [PMID: 31130715 PMCID: PMC6566766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cause of mortality among patients with cancer is the progression of the tumor, better known as cancer invasion and metastasis. Cancer progression involves a series of biologically important steps in which the cross-talk between cancer cells and the cells in the surrounding environment is positioned as an important issue. Notably, angiogenesis is a key tumorigenic phenomenon for cancer progression. Cancer-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) commonly contribute to the modulation of a microenvironment favorable to cancer cells through their function of cell-to-cell communication. Vascular-related cells such as endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets activated by cancer cells and cancer-derived EVs develop procoagulant and proinflammatory statuses, which help excite the tumor environment, and play major roles in tumor progression, including in tumor extravasation, tumor cell microthrombi formation, platelet aggregation, and metastasis. In particular, cancer-derived EVs influence ECs, which then play multiple roles such as contributing to tumor angiogenesis, loss of endothelial vascular barrier by binding to ECs, and the subsequent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, i.e., extracellular matrix remodeling. Thus, cell-to-cell communication between cancer cells and ECs via EVs may be an important target for controlling cancer progression. This review describes the current knowledge regarding the involvement of EVs, especially exosomes derived from cancer cells, in EC-related cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Marta Prieto-Vila
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
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Zhao YJ, Xie L. Potential role of exosomes in cancer therapy. PRECISION RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pro6.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya jing Zhao
- School of Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan China
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryShandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityShandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryShandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityShandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan China
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Qiu JJ, Lin XJ, Zheng TT, Tang XY, Zhang Y, Hua KQ. The Exosomal Long Noncoding RNA aHIF is Upregulated in Serum From Patients With Endometriosis and Promotes Angiogenesis in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2019; 26:1590-1602. [PMID: 30808247 DOI: 10.1177/1933719119831775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transfer of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) via exosomes to modulate recipient cells represents an important mechanism for disease progression. Antisense hypoxia-inducible factor (aHIF) is a well-known angiogenesis-related lncRNA. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical implications of aHIF and exosomal aHIF in endometriosis and the involvement of exosome-shuttled aHIF in endometriosis angiogenesis. STUDY DESIGN The distribution and expression of aHIF in ectopic, eutopic, and normal endometria was evaluated. Serum exosomal aHIF levels in patients with endometriosis were tested. The correlation between serum exosomal aHIF and aHIF expression in ectopic endometria was analyzed. Endometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs)-derived exosomes were characterized. The internalization of exosomes by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was observed. A series of in vitro assays were conducted to investigate the roles and mechanisms of exosomal aHIF in endometriosis angiogenesis. RESULTS Clinically, aHIF was highly expressed in ectopic endometria and serum exosomes in patients with endometriosis. Serum exosomal aHIF was significantly correlated to aHIF expression in matched ectopic endometria. In vitro, PKH67-labeled exosomes derived from aHIF high expression ECSCs were effectively internalized by recipient HUVECs. Notably, exosome-shuttled aHIF was transferred from ECSCs to HUVECs, which in turn elicited proangiogenic behavior in HUVECs by activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-D, and basic fibroblast growth factor, thereby facilitating endometriosis angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates a potential cell-cell communication between ECSCs and HUVECs in an ectopic environment, provides a novel mechanistic model explaining how ECSCs induce angiogenesis from the perspective of the "exosomal transfer of aHIF," and highlights the clinical value of circulating exosomal aHIF in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Qin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Liu W, Zhang Z, Zhang ZM, Hao P, Ding K, Li Z. Integrated phenotypic screening and activity-based protein profiling to reveal potential therapy targets of pancreatic cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1596-1599. [PMID: 30656306 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has been defined as one of the most complex and challenging cancers to treat, but very few valid therapeutic targets have been identified to date. To address this issue, a 61-compound library was readily created by Ugi reaction followed by phenotypic screening, leading to the discovery of two most potent inhibitors, P21 and P26, which significantly impair BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell survival. A series of interacting protein hits, such as GSTO1, FAM213A, RAB6A/6B/39A and USMG5, were subsequently identified by quantitative chemoproteomics studies. The main cellular target, GSTO1, was further validated as a novel pancreatic cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University; Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development, Ministry of Education (MOE) of People's Republic of China, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Remodeling Enzymes: The Emerging Roles in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, Progression of Diseases and Tissue Repair. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100167. [PMID: 30322133 PMCID: PMC6210724 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed micro- and nano-sized vesicles that are secreted from almost every species, ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, and from almost every cell type studied so far. EVs contain repertoire of bioactive molecules such as proteins (including enzymes and transcriptional factors), lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids including DNA, coding and non-coding RNAs. The secreted EVs are taken up by neighboring cells where they release their content in recipient cells, or can sail through body fluids to reach distant organs. Since EVs transport bioactive cargo between cells, they have emerged as novel mediators of extra- and intercellular activities in local microenvironment and inter-organ communications distantly. Herein, we review the activities of EV-associated matrix-remodeling enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, heparanases, hyaluronidases, aggrecanases, and their regulators such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducers and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as novel means of matrix remodeling in physiological and pathological conditions. We discuss how such EVs act as novel mediators of extracellular matrix degradation to prepare a permissive environment for various pathological conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis and metabolic diseases. Additionally, the roles of EV-mediated matrix remodeling in tissue repair and their potential applications as organ therapies have been reviewed. Collectively, this knowledge could benefit the development of new approaches for tissue engineering.
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