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Mu J, Gong J, Lin P, Zhang M, Wu K. Machine learning methods revealed the roles of immune-metabolism related genes in immune infiltration, stemness, and prognosis of neuroblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:241-259. [PMID: 37545226 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunometabolism plays an important role in neuroblastoma (NB). However, the mechanism of immune-metabolism related genes (IMRGs) in NB remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of IMRGs on the prognosis, immune infiltration and stemness of patients with NB using machine learning methods. METHODS R software (v4.2.1) was used to identify the differentially expressed IMRGs, and machine learning algorithm was used to screen the prognostic genes from IMRGs. Then we constructed a prognostic model and calculated the risk scores. The NB patients were grouped according to the prognosis scores. In addition, the genes most associated with the immune infiltration and stemness of NB were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). RESULTS There were 89 differentially expressed IMRGs between the MYCN amplification and the MYCN non-amplification group, among which CNR1, GNAI1, GLDC and ABCC4 were selected by machine learning algorithm to construct the prognosis model due to their better prediction effect. Both the K-M survival curve and the 5-year Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the prognosis model could predict the prognosis of NB patients, and there was significant difference in immune infiltration between the two groups according to the median of risk score. CONCLUSIONS We verified the effects of IMRGs on the prognosis, immune infiltration and stemness of NB. These findings could provide help for predicting prognosis and developing immunotherapy in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Mu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianan Gong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Lin
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Shi C, Zhang L, Chen D, Wei H, Qi W, Zhang P, Guo H, Sun L. Prognostic value of TMEM59L and its genomic and immunological characteristics in cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054157. [PMID: 36618425 PMCID: PMC9816415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TMEM59L is a newly discovered transmembrane protein; its functions in cancer remain unknown. This study was designed to reveal the prognostic value and the functional role of TMEM59L in cancer. Methods The gene expression profiles, methylation data, and corresponding clinical data of TMEM59L were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression database. Survival analysis was employed to calculate the pan-cancer prognostic value of TMEM59L. The correlation between TMEM59L expression and tumor immune microenvironment, as well as DNA methylation dynamics and genomic heterogeneity across cancers were assessed based on data from TCGA. Results Our findings revealed that distinct differences of TMEM59L mRNA expression were observed in different cancer types and that higher TMEM59L expression was observed in the advanced pathological stage and associated with worse prognosis in kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Pathway analysis indicated that TMEM59L exerted a key influence in cancer development and in immune- and cancer-associated pathways such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β signaling. Moreover, correlation analysis hinted at a negative correlation of TMEM59L expression with CD8 T cells, activated CD4 T cells, and several immunomodulators, including IDO1, TIGIT, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and BTLA in various cancers. Survival analysis indicated that the hypermethylation of TMEM59L gene was associated with longer survival times. A significant correlation was also observed between TMEM59L expression and immunophenoscore, homologous recombination deficiency, loss of heterozygosity, tumor stemness score, and neoantigens in various cancers. Importantly, we also identified numerous potential agents that may target TMEM59L. Conclusion Our study revealed the prognostic value as well as the genomic and immunological characteristics of TMEM59L in cancers, highlighting the promising potential for TMEM59L as a prognostic cancer biomarker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shi
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China,Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Pengxin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Huiqi Guo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Lei Sun,
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Sun H, Li Y, Zhang P, Xing H, Zhao S, Song Y, Wan D, Yu J. Targeting toll-like receptor 7/8 for immunotherapy: recent advances and prospectives. Biomark Res 2022; 10:89. [PMID: 36476317 PMCID: PMC9727882 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of proteins that are expressed in immune cells and various tumor cells. TLR7/8 are located in the intracellular endosomes, participate in tumor immune surveillance and play different roles in tumor growth. Activation of TLRs 7 and 8 triggers induction of a Th1 type innate immune response in the highly sophisticated process of innate immunity signaling with the recent research advances involving the small molecule activation of TLR 7 and 8. The wide range of expression and clinical significance of TLR7/TLR8 in different kinds of cancers have been extensively explored. TLR7/TLR8 can be used as novel diagnostic biomarkers, progression and prognostic indicators, and immunotherapeutic targets for various tumors. Although the mechanism of action of TLR7/8 in cancer immunotherapy is still incomplete, TLRs on T cells are involved in the regulation of T cell function and serve as co-stimulatory molecules and activate T cell immunity. TLR agonists can activate T cell-mediated antitumor responses with both innate and adaptive immune responses to improve tumor therapy. Recently, novel drugs of TLR7 or TLR8 agonists with different scaffolds have been developed. These agonists lead to the induction of certain cytokines and chemokines that can be applied to the treatment of some diseases and can be used as good adjutants for vaccines. Furthermore, TLR7/8 agonists as potential therapeutics for tumor-targeted immunotherapy have been developed. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the development of immunotherapy strategies targeting TLR7/8 in patients with various cancers and chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yingmei Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Peng Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Song Zhao
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yongping Song
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Dingming Wan
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004 Henan China
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Jin W, Yang Q, Chi H, Wei K, Zhang P, Zhao G, Chen S, Xia Z, Li X. Ensemble deep learning enhanced with self-attention for predicting immunotherapeutic responses to cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025330. [PMID: 36532083 PMCID: PMC9751999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite the many benefits immunotherapy has brought to patients with different cancers, its clinical applications and improvements are still hindered by drug resistance. Fostering a reliable approach to identifying sufferers who are sensitive to certain immunotherapeutic agents is of great clinical relevance. Methods We propose an ELISE (Ensemble Learning for Immunotherapeutic Response Evaluation) pipeline to generate a robust and highly accurate approach to predicting individual responses to immunotherapies. ELISE employed iterative univariable logistic regression to select genetic features of patients, using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to tune hyperparameters. In each trial, ELISE selected multiple models for integration based on add or concatenate stacking strategies, including deep neural network, automatic feature interaction learning via self-attentive neural networks, deep factorization machine, compressed interaction network, and linear neural network, then adopted the best trial to generate a final approach. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm was applied to interpret ELISE, which was then validated in an independent test set. Result Regarding prediction of responses to atezolizumab within esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) patients, ELISE demonstrated a superior accuracy (Area Under Curve [AUC] = 100.00%). AC005786.3 (Mean [|SHAP value|] = 0.0097) was distinguished as the most valuable contributor to ELISE output, followed by SNORD3D (0.0092), RN7SKP72 (0.0081), EREG (0.0069), IGHV4-80 (0.0063), and MIR4526 (0.0063). Mechanistically, immunoglobulin complex, immunoglobulin production, adaptive immune response, antigen binding and others, were downregulated in ELISE-neg EAC subtypes and resulted in unfavorable responses. More encouragingly, ELISE could be extended to accurately estimate the responsiveness of various immunotherapeutic agents against other cancers, including PD1/PD-L1 suppressor against metastatic urothelial cancer (AUC = 88.86%), and MAGE-A3 immunotherapy against metastatic melanoma (AUC = 100.00%). Discussion This study presented deep insights into integrating ensemble deep learning with self-attention as a mechanism for predicting immunotherapy responses to human cancers, highlighting ELISE as a potential tool to generate reliable approaches to individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical Collage, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kongyuan Wei
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guodong Zhao
- Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Xiaosong Li,
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Clinical Molecular Medicine Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Xiaosong Li,
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von Kemp B, Halvorsen S, Nohria A. The new 2022 ESC Guidelines on Cardio-oncology and their impact on the Acute Cardiovascular Care Society. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2022; 11:844-849. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Structured summary
In this perspective piece on the recently published ESC Guidelines on Cardio-oncology and the Consensus Statements from the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, we summarize key learning points regarding the management of acute cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer. This document outlines where other pre-existing ESC Guidelines can be applied to the management of acute cardiovascular disease in patients with cancer while simultaneously highlighting important gaps in knowledge that require further research.
Cancer and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors and often co-exist, especially in older patients. In addition, patients with cancer undergoing active treatment are exposed to multiple, potentially cardiotoxic drugs, which may manifest as a variety of cardiovascular events, including left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, or acute venous and arterial vascular events.
Knowledge about potential causative cancer therapeutics is necessary for rapid recognition and management to improve cardiovascular outcomes and guide ongoing cancer treatment. Specifically, the importance of rapidly interrupting culprit cancer drugs is highlighted, as well as instituting standard guideline-based therapies for conditions such as acute heart failure and acute coronary syndromes [ST-elevation myocardial infarction and high-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS)]. Given the high prevalence of thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding risk in patients with cancer, we are provided with platelet cut-offs for the use of different antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for patients with ACS and atrial arrhythmias. In contrast, given the hypercoagulable milieu of cancer, we are provided information regarding types of anticoagulants, drug–drug interactions, and duration of anticoagulation in patients with acute venous thromboembolism, as well as for atrial fibrillation. They also discuss the diagnostic and treatment strategies for the unique cardiotoxicities seen with novel cancer therapeutics such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric receptor antigen T-cell therapy. Last, but not least, the authors emphasize that the care of these patients requires close collaboration between cardiology and oncology to maximize both cardiovascular and cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlinde von Kemp
- Department of Cardiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel – Centrum Hart- en Vaatziekten , Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels , Belgium
| | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Anju Nohria
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital , Boston, MA , USA
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Flores BCT, Chawla S, Ma N, Sanada C, Kujur PK, Yeung R, Bellon MB, Hukari K, Fowler B, Lynch M, Chinen LTD, Ramalingam N, Sengupta D, Jeffrey SS. Microfluidic live tracking and transcriptomics of cancer-immune cell doublets link intercellular proximity and gene regulation. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1231. [DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCell–cell communication and physical interactions play a vital role in cancer initiation, homeostasis, progression, and immune response. Here, we report a system that combines live capture of different cell types, co-incubation, time-lapse imaging, and gene expression profiling of doublets using a microfluidic integrated fluidic circuit that enables measurement of physical distances between cells and the associated transcriptional profiles due to cell–cell interactions. We track the temporal variations in natural killer—triple-negative breast cancer cell distances and compare them with terminal cellular transcriptome profiles. The results show the time-bound activities of regulatory modules and allude to the existence of transcriptional memory. Our experimental and bioinformatic approaches serve as a proof of concept for interrogating live-cell interactions at doublet resolution. Together, our findings highlight the use of our approach across different cancers and cell types.
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He Y, Huang J, Li Q, Xia W, Zhang C, Liu Z, Xiao J, Yi Z, Deng H, Xiao Z, Hu J, Li H, Zu X, Quan C, Chen J. Gut Microbiota and Tumor Immune Escape: A New Perspective for Improving Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5317. [PMID: 36358736 PMCID: PMC9656981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a large symbiotic community of anaerobic and facultative aerobic bacteria inhabiting the human intestinal tract, and its activities significantly affect human health. Increasing evidence has suggested that the gut microbiome plays an important role in tumor-related immune regulation. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the gut microbiome and its metabolites affect the differentiation and function of immune cells regulating the immune evasion of tumors. The gut microbiome can indirectly influence individual responses to various classical tumor immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and adoptive immunotherapy. Microbial regulation through antibiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) optimize the composition of the gut microbiome, improving the efficacy of immunotherapy and bringing a new perspective and hope for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinliang Huang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qiaorong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jiatong Xiao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhenglin Yi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zicheng Xiao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huihuang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chao Quan
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Pre-Existing HSV-1 Immunity Enhances Anticancer Efficacy of a Novel Immune-Stimulating Oncolytic Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112327. [PMID: 36366425 PMCID: PMC9693100 DOI: 10.3390/v14112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can specifically replicate in the host and cause cancer cell lysis while inducing an antitumor immune response. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of either pre-existing immunity against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) or multicycle treatment with OVs on anticancer efficacy of VG161, an HSV-1 OV in phase 2 clinical trial. VG161 efficacy was tested in CT26 mouse models by comparing the efficacy and immune response in naïve mice or in mice that were immunized with VG161. Moreover, VG161 efficacy in HLA-matched CD34+ humanized intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models was also tested in multicycle treatment and was compared to standard chemotherapy for this type of cancer (gemcitabine). The HSV-1-immunized mice significantly inhibited tumor growth in VG161-treated mice compared to control naïve treated mice. RNA expression profiling and ELISPOT analyses indicated changes in the tumor's immune profile in the immunized and treated group compared to naïve and treated mice, as well as enhanced T cell function depicted by higher numbers of tumor specific lymphocytes, which was enhanced by immunization. In the ICC PDX model, repeated treatment of VG161 with 2 or 3 cycles seemed to increase the anticancer efficacy of VG161. In conclusion, the anticancer efficacy of VG161 can be enhanced by pre-immunization with HSV-1 and multicycle administration when the virus is given intratumorally, indicating that pre-existing antiviral immunity might enhance OV-induced antitumor immunity. Our results suggest potential clinical benefits of HSV-1-based OV therapy in HSV-1-seropositive patients and multicycle administration of VG161 for long-term maintenance treatment.
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Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Yang Z, Li S, Fan T, Xu J, Bai G, Liu J, Deng Z, Li C, He J. Glycolysis in tumor microenvironment as a target to improve cancer immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1013885. [PMID: 36200045 PMCID: PMC9527271 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1013885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells and immune cells all undergo remarkably metabolic reprogramming during the oncogenesis and tumor immunogenic killing processes. The increased dependency on glycolysis is the most typical trait, profoundly involved in the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunity regulation. However, how to best utilize glycolytic targets to boost anti-tumor immunity and improve immunotherapies are not fully illustrated. In this review, we describe the glycolytic remodeling of various immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the deleterious effects of limited nutrients and acidification derived from enhanced tumor glycolysis on immunological anti-tumor capacity. Moreover, we elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms of glycolytic reprogramming, including the crosstalk between metabolic pathways and immune checkpoint signaling. Importantly, we summarize the potential glycolysis-related targets that are expected to improve immunotherapy benefits. Our understanding of metabolic effects on anti-tumor immunity will be instrumental for future therapeutic regimen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu Bai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiang Li, ; Jie He,
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunxiang Li, ; Jie He,
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Farzaneh M, Ghasemian M, Ghaedrahmati F, Poodineh J, Najafi S, Masoodi T, Kurniawan D, Uddin S, Azizidoost S. Functional roles of lncRNA-TUG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2022; 308:120974. [PMID: 36126725 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or hepatoma is malignant cancer that starts from the main liver cells. Although various classical methods have been used for patients with HCC, various molecular mechanisms involved in HCC progression should be invested. Previous studies demonstrated that abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) presented important roles in the pathogenesis of HCC cells. LncRNA TUG1 was found to mediate HCC cell growth, EMT, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting TUG1 and its downstream genes may be a suitable approach for patients with HCC. In this review, we summarized the potential roles of TUG1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Ghasemian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Poodineh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Dedy Kurniawan
- Laboratory Animal and Stem Cells, PT Bio Farma (Persero), Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Yu L, Sun M, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Harnessing the immune system by targeting immune checkpoints: Providing new hope for Oncotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982026. [PMID: 36159789 PMCID: PMC9498063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of harnessing the host’s immune system to provide long-lasting remission and cures for various cancers, the advent of immunotherapy revolutionized the cancer therapy field. Among the current immunotherapeutic strategies, immune checkpoint blockades have greatly improved the overall survival rates in certain patient populations. Of note, CTLA4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are two major non-redundant immune checkpoints implicated in promoting cancer immune evasion, and ultimately lead to relapse. Antibodies or inhibitors targeting these two c+heckpoints have achieved some encouraging clinical outcomes. Further, beyond the canonical immune checkpoints, more inhibitory checkpoints have been identified. Herein, we will summarize recent progress in immune checkpoint blockade therapies, with a specific focus on key pre-clinical and clinical results of new immune checkpoint therapies for cancer. Given the crucial roles of immune checkpoint blockade in oncotherapy, drugs targeting checkpoint molecules expressed by both cancer and immune cells are in clinical trials, which will be comprehensively summarized in this review. Taken together, investigating combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints expressed by cancer cells and immune cells will greatly improve immunotherapies that enhance host elimination of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
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Guo D, Tong Y, Jiang X, Meng Y, Jiang H, Du L, Wu Q, Li S, Luo S, Li M, Xiao L, He H, He X, Yu Q, Fang J, Lu Z. Aerobic glycolysis promotes tumor immune evasion by hexokinase2-mediated phosphorylation of IκBα. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1312-1324.e6. [PMID: 36007522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells contributes to tumor immune evasion. However, whether PD-L1 expression in tumor cells is regulated by the availability of nutrients is unknown. Here, we show that in human glioblastoma cells, high glucose promotes hexokinase (HK) 2 dissociation from mitochondria and its subsequent binding and phosphorylation of IκBα at T291. This leads to increased interaction between IκBα and μ-calpain protease and subsequent μ-calpain-mediated IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation-dependent transcriptional upregulation of PD-L1 expression. Expression of IκBα T291A in glioblastoma cells blocked high glucose-induced PD-L1 expression and promoted CD8+ T cell activation and infiltration into the tumor tissue, reducing brain tumor growth. Combined treatment with an HK inhibitor and an anti-PD-1 antibody eliminates tumor immune evasion and remarkably enhances the anti-tumor effect of immune checkpoint blockade. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism underlying the upregulation of PD-L1 expression mediated by aerobic glycolysis and underscore the roles of HK2 as a glucose sensor and a protein kinase in regulation of tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Cancer Center, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Linyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qingang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Shan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Shudi Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Min Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Liwei Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Xuxiao He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Fang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
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Escriche‐Navarro B, Escudero A, Lucena‐Sánchez E, Sancenón F, García‐Fernández A, Martínez‐Máñez R. Mesoporous Silica Materials as an Emerging Tool for Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200756. [PMID: 35866466 PMCID: PMC9475525 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged in the past decade as a promising strategy for treating many forms of cancer by stimulating the patient's immune system. Although immunotherapy has achieved some promising results in clinics, more efforts are required to improve the limitations of current treatments related to lack of effective and targeted cancer antigens delivery to immune cells, dose-limiting toxicity, and immune-mediated adverse effects, among others. In recent years, the use of nanomaterials has proven promising to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy and reduce side effects. Among nanomaterials, attention has been recently paid to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as a potential multiplatform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy by considering their unique properties, such as high porosity, and good biocompatibility, facile surface modification, and self-adjuvanticity. This review explores the role of MSN and other nano/micro-materials as an emerging tool to enhance cancer immunotherapy, and it comprehensively summarizes the different immunotherapeutic strategies addressed to date by using MSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Escriche‐Navarro
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) Polytechnic University of Valencia‐University of ValenciaCamino de Vera s/nValencia46022Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaJoint Unit UPV‐CIPF of Developmental Biology and Disease Models and Nanomedicine, Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV)‐Príncipe Felipe Research Center Foundation (CIPF)C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3.Valencia46012Spain
- Joint Unit of Nanomedicine and Sensors, Polytechnic University of Valencia, IIS La FeAv. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106Valencia46026Spain
| | - Andrea Escudero
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) Polytechnic University of Valencia‐University of ValenciaCamino de Vera s/nValencia46022Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaJoint Unit UPV‐CIPF of Developmental Biology and Disease Models and Nanomedicine, Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV)‐Príncipe Felipe Research Center Foundation (CIPF)C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3.Valencia46012Spain
| | - Elena Lucena‐Sánchez
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) Polytechnic University of Valencia‐University of ValenciaCamino de Vera s/nValencia46022Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaJoint Unit UPV‐CIPF of Developmental Biology and Disease Models and Nanomedicine, Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV)‐Príncipe Felipe Research Center Foundation (CIPF)C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3.Valencia46012Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) Polytechnic University of Valencia‐University of ValenciaCamino de Vera s/nValencia46022Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaJoint Unit UPV‐CIPF of Developmental Biology and Disease Models and Nanomedicine, Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV)‐Príncipe Felipe Research Center Foundation (CIPF)C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3.Valencia46012Spain
- Joint Unit of Nanomedicine and Sensors, Polytechnic University of Valencia, IIS La FeAv. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106Valencia46026Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3–5. Pabellón 11., Planta 0Madrid28029Spain
| | - Alba García‐Fernández
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) Polytechnic University of Valencia‐University of ValenciaCamino de Vera s/nValencia46022Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaJoint Unit UPV‐CIPF of Developmental Biology and Disease Models and Nanomedicine, Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV)‐Príncipe Felipe Research Center Foundation (CIPF)C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3.Valencia46012Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3–5. Pabellón 11., Planta 0Madrid28029Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez‐Máñez
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM) Polytechnic University of Valencia‐University of ValenciaCamino de Vera s/nValencia46022Spain
- Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaJoint Unit UPV‐CIPF of Developmental Biology and Disease Models and Nanomedicine, Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV)‐Príncipe Felipe Research Center Foundation (CIPF)C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3.Valencia46012Spain
- Joint Unit of Nanomedicine and Sensors, Polytechnic University of Valencia, IIS La FeAv. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106Valencia46026Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN)Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3–5. Pabellón 11., Planta 0Madrid28029Spain
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Lu Y, Feng N, Du Y, Yu R. Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics to Overcome Obstacles in the Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12162832. [PMID: 36014696 PMCID: PMC9414814 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a main health concern around the world, with a rising incidence and high mortality rate. The tumor-promoting components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a vital role in the development and metastasis of HCC. TME-targeted therapies have recently drawn increasing interest in the treatment of HCC. However, the short medication retention time in TME limits the efficiency of TME modulating strategies. The nanoparticles can be elaborately designed as needed to specifically target the tumor-promoting components in TME. In this regard, the use of nanomedicine to modulate TME components by delivering drugs with protection and prolonged circulation time in a spatiotemporal manner has shown promising potential. In this review, we briefly introduce the obstacles of TME and highlight the updated information on nanoparticles that modulate these obstacles. Furthermore, the present challenges and future prospects of TME modulating nanomedicines will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Lu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (R.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-88208435 (Y.D.); +86-571-87783925 (R.Y.)
| | - Risheng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (R.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-88208435 (Y.D.); +86-571-87783925 (R.Y.)
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Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): Current Perspectives and Future Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081272. [PMID: 36016159 PMCID: PMC9416402 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens are abnormal proteins produced by genetic mutations in somatic cells. Because tumour neoantigens are expressed only in tumour cells and have immunogenicity, they may represent specific targets for precision immunotherapy. With the reduction in sequencing cost, continuous advances in artificial intelligence technology and an increased understanding of tumour immunity, neoantigen vaccines and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) targeting neoantigens have become research hotspots. Approximately 900,000 patients worldwide are diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) each year. Due to its high mutagenicity and abundant lymphocyte infiltration, HNSCC naturally generates a variety of potential new antigen targets that may be used for HNSCC immunotherapies. Currently, the main immunotherapy for HNSCC is use of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs). Neoantigen vaccines and adoptive cell therapy targeting neoantigens are extensions of immunotherapy for HNSCC, and a large number of early clinical trials are underway in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). In this paper, we review recent neoantigen vaccine trials related to the treatment of HNSCC, introduce adoptive cell therapy targeting neoantigens, and propose a potential treatment for HNSCC. The clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and its combination with neoantigen vaccines in the treatment of HNSCC are summarized, and the prospect of using neoantigen to treat HNSCC is discussed and proposed.
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Ritterhouse LL, Gogakos T. Molecular Biomarkers of Response to Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Lab Med 2022; 42:469-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang M, Wei Y, Li Y, Li H, Jin J, Lu Y, Li Q. Targeting breast cancer with a combination of DNT and LAG3 checkpoint blockage and its mechanism. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e626. [PMID: 35894707 PMCID: PMC9274802 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are closely related to immunotherapy. Breast cancer can benefit from immunotherapy, and its TIME is still unclear. Methods We utilized mass cytometry to explore the immune cell heterogeneity in breast cancer. Double‐negative T cells (DNTs) from healthy volunteers (HBs) were enriched in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell surface receptors of cancer cells and DNT cells. The correlation between immune checkpoints and the abundance of immune cells or prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed by the TCGA database. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of functional genes was performed by quantitative real‐time PCR. Results We found that the frequencies of Granzyme B (GZMB)+CD8+T and GZMB+DNT cells in cancer tissues (CA) of breast cancer were lower than those in blood samples of patients (PB), and the frequencies of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)+CD8+T and PD1+DNT cells in CA were higher than those in PB. DNTs from HBs had a cytotoxic effect on MDA‐MB‐231. LAG3Ab could upregulate the mRNA expression of interferon gamma and perforin by increasing T‐BET transcription to enhance the cytotoxicity of DNT cells in vitro. Conclusion Our study revealed the suppressive status of TIME in breast cancer and supported DNT cells had the potential to be applied as a novel adoptive cell therapy for TNBC either alone or combined with LAG3Ab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangtao Jin
- Department of Intervention Therapy, Zezhou People's Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Qin H, Wang T, Zhang H. Identification of Immune-Related Subtypes and Characterization of Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:906113. [PMID: 35846133 PMCID: PMC9277187 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.906113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays indisputable role in the progression of cancers. Immune cell infiltration (ICI) in TME was related to the prognosis of tumor patients. In this paper, we identified the pattern of immune-related ICI subtypes based on the TME immune infiltration pattern. Methods: The data from kidney renal clear cell carcinoma data (KIRC) was downloaded from the TCGA database. The distinct ICI subtypes were identified using CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms. The gene subgroups were identified based on DEGs in ICI subtypes. The single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to ascertain the ICI score. Kaplan-Meier curve with log-rank test was conducted to analyze the survival probability of patients with KIRC in different subtypes. Results: The patients with high ICI scores exhibited a longer survival time and lower expression of checkpoint-related and immune activity-related genes. The high ICI score clusters were positively related to TMB. The patients in the low TMB subgroups have a favorable prognosis. The prediction ICI score did not affect the TMB status, and the low TMB subgroups + low/high ICI score subgroups exhibited better survival. Conclusion: In all, the tumor immune microenvironment, ICI score, and TMB were important determinants of KIRC patients’ survival outcomes. The TMB + ICI score may be a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients and for targeted immunotherapies to treating KIRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Qin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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Wei J, Hou S, Li M, Yao X, Wang L, Zheng Z, Mo H, Chen Y, Yuan X. Necroptosis-Related Genes Signatures Identified Molecular Subtypes and Underlying Mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:875264. [PMID: 35912224 PMCID: PMC9326098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.875264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough emerging evidence supports the relationship between necroptosis (NEC) related genes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the contribution of these necroptosis-related genes to the development, prognosis, and immunotherapy of HCC is unclear.MethodsThe expression of genes and relevant clinical information were downloaded from TCGA-LIHC, LIRI-JP, GSE14520/NCI, GSE36376, GSE76427, GSE20140, GSE27150, and IMvigor210 datasets. Next, we used an unsupervised clustering method to assign the samples into phenotype clusters base on 15 necroptosis-related genes. Subsequently, we constructed a NEC score based on NEC phenotype-related prognostic genes to quantify the necroptosis related subtypes of individual patients.ResultsWe divided the samples into the high and low NEC score groups, and the high NEC score showed a poor prognosis. Simultaneously, NEC score is an effective and stable model and had a good performance in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. A high NEC score was characterized by activation of the stroma and increased levels of immune infiltration. A high NEC score was also related to low expression of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1/PD-L1). Importantly, the established NEC score would contribute to predicting the response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy.ConclusionsOur study provide a comprehensive analysis of necroptosis-related genes in HCC. Stratification based on the NEC score may enable HCC patients to benefit more from immunotherapy and help identify new cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Shuqian Hou
- Department of Pathology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Minhua Li
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaofei Yao
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Haiqian Mo
- Department of General Medicine, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolu Yuan,
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Shafi S, Aung TN, Robbins C, Zugazagoitia J, Vathiotis I, Gavrielatou N, Yaghoobi V, Fernandez A, Niu S, Liu LN, Cusumano ZT, Leelatian N, Cole K, Wang H, Homer R, Herbst RS, Langermann S, Rimm DL. Development of an immunohistochemical assay for Siglec-15. J Transl Med 2022; 102:771-778. [PMID: 35459795 PMCID: PMC9253057 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglec-15, a member of sialic-acid binding immunoglobulin type lectins, is normally expressed by myeloid cells and upregulated in some human cancers and represents a promising new target for immunotherapy. While PD-L1 blockade is an important strategy for immunotherapy, its effectiveness is limited. The expression of Siglec-15 has been demonstrated to be predominantly mutually exclusive to PD-L1 in certain cancer histologies. Thus, there is significant opportunity for Siglec-15 as an immunotherapeutic target for patients that do not respond to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. The aim of this study was to prospectively develop an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay for Siglec-15 to be used as a companion diagnostic for future clinical trials. Here, we create and validate an IHC assay with a novel recombinant antibody to the cytoplasmic domain of Siglec-15. To find an enriched target, this antibody was first used in a quantitative fluorescence (QIF) assay to screen a broad range of tumor histologies to determine tumor types where Siglec-15 demonstrated high expression. Based on this and previous data, we focused on development of a chromogenic IHC assay for lung cancer. Then we developed a scoring system for this assay that has high concordance amongst pathologist readers. We then use this chromogenic IHC assay to test the expression of Siglec-15 in two cohorts of NSCLC. We found that this assay shows a higher level of staining in both tumor and immune cells compared to previous QIF assays utilizing a polyclonal antibody. However, similar to that study, only a small percentage of positive Siglec-15 cases showed high expression for PD-L1. This validated assay for Siglec-15 expression may support development of a companion diagnostic assay to enrich for patients expressing the Siglec-15 target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thazin Nwe Aung
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles Robbins
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jon Zugazagoitia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioannis Vathiotis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Gavrielatou
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vesal Yaghoobi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aileen Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nalin Leelatian
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kimberley Cole
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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71
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杜 凌, 马 元, 唐 红. [Drugs and hepatitis B virus reactivation]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2022; 39:627-632. [PMID: 35788533 PMCID: PMC10950778 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drugs may induce hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBV-R). Here we have reviewed the definition and harm of HBV-R, the risk drugs and their underlying mechanism, the influence factors, as well as the early intervention measures. It is shown that multiple drugs, including chemotherapy drugs, immunotherapy drugs, directly acting antivirals, cell therapy, etc., can induce HBV-R by affecting host immunity or directly activating HBV transcription factors. HBV-R could cause severe liver damage, even interruption of treatment of original diseases, affecting the prognosis of patients. Through precisely identifying risk drugs, monitoring the influence factors, and prescribing preventive anti-HBV regimen if necessary, the incidence of HBV-R can be significantly reduced. It is also suggested that clinical physicians should not only pay attention to the early identification and intervention of HBV-R, but also further study the mechanism of HBV-R in depth, especially the underlying mechanism between host, HBV and risk factors. This will help to promote the discovery of more valuable markers for risk prediction and targets for early intervention, and to further reduce the risk of HBV-R and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- 凌遥 杜
- 四川大学华西医院 感染性疾病中心(成都 610041)Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 元吉 马
- 四川大学华西医院 感染性疾病中心(成都 610041)Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - 红 唐
- 四川大学华西医院 感染性疾病中心(成都 610041)Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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72
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Yan T, Yu L, Zhang N, Peng C, Su G, Jing Y, Zhang L, Wu T, Cheng J, Guo Q, Shi X, Lu Y. The advanced development of molecular targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2022. [PMID: 35699406 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0661.pmid:35699406;pmcid:pmc9257319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common malignant tumors in China, severely threatens the life and health of patients. In recent years, precision medicine, clinical diagnoses, treatments, and innovative research have led to important breakthroughs in HCC care. The discovery of new biomarkers and the promotion of liquid biopsy technologies have greatly facilitated the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy has provided more choices for precise HCC treatment. Multiomics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, have enabled deeper understanding of the occurrence and development mechanisms, heterogeneity, and genetic mutation characteristics of HCC. The continued promotion and accurate typing of HCC, accurate guidance of treatment, and accurate prognostication have provided more treatment opportunities and prolonged survival timelines for patients with HCC. Innovative HCC research providing an in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics of HCC will be translated into accurate clinical practices for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- The Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Senior Department of Hepatology, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Caiyun Peng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guodong Su
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yi Jing
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Linzhi Zhang
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jiamin Cheng
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qian Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | | | - Yinying Lu
- Comprehensive Liver Cancer Center, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- National Clinical Medical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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73
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Ding J, Meng Y, Han Z, Luo X, Guo X, Li Y, Liu S, Zhuang K. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Oncogenic and Immunological Role of RCN3: A Potential Biomarker for Prognosis and Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811567. [PMID: 35651805 PMCID: PMC9149440 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging publications have elucidated a functional association between RCN3 and tumors, no evidence about a pan-cancer analysis of RCN3 is available. Our study first conducted a comprehensive assessment of its expression profiles, prognosis value, immune infiltration, and relevant cellular pathways via bioinformatics techniques based on the public database of TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). RCN3 is highly expressed in most tumors, and it is associated with poor prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis suggested that the high expression of RCN3 was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in pan-cancer, Cox regression analysis also indicated high RCN3 expression was correlated with disease-specific survival (DSS) and progression-free interval (PFI) in most tumors. We observed a regulation function of RCN3 at genetic and epigenetic levels through CNA and DNA methylation using cBioPortal database. Based on Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we first identified related pathways of RCN3 and its potential biological functions in pan-cancer, RCN3 was implicated in oncogenic pathways, and was related to extracellular matrix and immune regulation. We found that RCN3 positively correlated with the levels of infiltrating cells such as TAMs and CAFs, but negatively correlated with CD8+ T-cells by analyzing immune cell infiltration data we downloaded from published work and online databases, further investigation of the correlation between immunosuppressive genes, chemokines, chemokines receptors, and high RCN3 expression showed a significant positive association in the vast majority of TCGA cancer types. These results indicated its role as an immune regulatory in cancers and suggested that RCN3 is a potential biomarker for immunotherapy. Also, we found that expression of RCN3 was much higher in CRC tissues than in normal tissues with a higher expression level of RCN3 closely correlating to advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, poor differentiation, increased tumor size, and poor prognosis of CRC. Biological function experiments showed that RCN3 regulated CRC cells’ proliferation and metastasis ability. Upregulation of RCN3 in CRC cells increased the expression of immune related factor, including TGFβ1, IL-10, and IL-6. Thus, our pan-cancer analysis offers a deep understanding of potential oncogenic roles of RCN3 in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zelong Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuxue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangmin Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Islam M, Arlian BM, Pfrengle F, Duan S, Smith SA, Paulson JC. Suppressing Immune Responses Using Siglec Ligand-Decorated Anti-receptor Antibodies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9302-9311. [PMID: 35593593 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed predominantly on white blood cells and participate in immune cell recognition of self. Most Siglecs contain cytoplasmic inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs characteristic of inhibitory checkpoint co-receptors that suppress cell signaling when they are recruited to the immunological synapse of an activating receptor. Antibodies to activatory receptors typically activate immune cells by ligating the receptors on the cell surface. Here, we report that the conjugation of high affinity ligands of Siglecs to antibodies targeting activatory immune receptors can suppress receptor-mediated activation of immune cells. Indeed, B-cell activation by antibodies to the B-cell receptor IgD is dramatically suppressed by conjugation of anti-IgD with high affinity ligands of a B-cell Siglec CD22/Siglec-2. Similarly, degranulation of mast cells induced by antibodies to IgE, which ligate the IgE/FcεR1 receptor complex, is suppressed by conjugation of anti-IgE to high affinity ligands of a mast cell Siglec, CD33/Siglec-3 (CD33L). Moreover, the anti-IgE-CD33L suppresses anti-IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis of sensitized humanized mice and prevents anaphylaxis upon subsequent challenge with anti-IgE. The results demonstrate that attachment of ligands of inhibitory Siglecs to anti-receptor antibodies can suppress the activation of immune cells and modulate unwanted immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Islam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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75
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Xu Y, Li P, Liu Y, Xin D, Lei W, Liang A, Han W, Qian W. Epi-immunotherapy for cancers: rationales of epi-drugs in combination with immunotherapy and advances in clinical trials. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:493-516. [PMID: 35642676 PMCID: PMC9198339 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, several epi-drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapies have received clinical approval for use in certain types of cancer. However, monotherapy with epi-drugs or ICIs has shown limited efficacy in most cancer patients. Epigenetic agents have been shown to regulate the crosstalk between the tumor and host immunity to alleviate immune evasion, suggesting that epi-drugs can potentially synergize with immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the rationales of incorporating epigenetic therapy into immunotherapy, called epi-immunotherapy, and focus on an update of current clinical trials in both hematological and solid malignancies. Furthermore, we outline the future challenges and strategies in the field of cancer epi-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of HematologyTongji Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Bio‐Therapeuticthe First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Dijia Xin
- Department of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell BiologyLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of HematologyTongji Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai200065P. R. China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Bio‐Therapeuticthe First Medical CentreChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematologythe Second Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310009P. R. China
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76
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Xiao X, Peng Y, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yang T, Sun Y, Chen Y, Zhang W, Chang X, Huang W, Tian S, Feng Z, Xinhua N, Tang Q, Mao Y. A novel immune checkpoint siglec-15 antibody inhibits LUAD by modulating mφ polarization in TME. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106269. [PMID: 35605813 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siglec-15 (S15) is a type-I transmembrane protein and is considered a new candidate of immune checkpoint inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy. METHODS In the present study, we first constructed and characterized a chimeric S15-specific monoclonal antibody (S15-4E6A). Then, the antitumor effectiveness and modulatory role of S15-4E6A in macrophages (mφs) were explored in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the underlying mechanism by which S15mAb inhibits LUAD was preliminarily explored. RESULTS The results demonstrated the successful construction of S15-4E6A, and S15-4E6A exerted an efficacious tumor-inhibitory effect on LUAD cells and xenografts. S15-4E6A could promote M1-mφ polarization while inhibiting M2-mφ polarization, both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS S15-based immunotherapy that functions by modulating mφ polarization may be a promising strategy for the treatment of S15-positive LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheyue Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Louqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuning Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nabi Xinhua
- Department of Pharmacology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Qi Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oncology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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77
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Guo R, Li W, Li Y, Li Y, Jiang Z, Song Y. Generation and clinical potential of functional T lymphocytes from gene-edited pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:27. [PMID: 35568954 PMCID: PMC9107657 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered T cells have been shown to be highly effective in cancer immunotherapy, although T cell exhaustion presents a challenge for their long-term function. Additional T-cell sources must be exploited to broaden the application of engineered T cells for immune defense and reconstitution. Unlimited sources of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have provided a potential opportunity to generate precise-engineered therapeutic induced T (iT) cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of PSC-derived induced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (iHSPC)/iT identified the developmental pathways and possibilities of generating functional T cell from PSCs. To date, the PSC-to-iT platforms encounter several problems, including low efficiency of conventional T subset specification, limited functional potential, and restrictions on large-scale application, because of the absence of a thymus-like organized microenvironment. The updated PSC-to-iT platforms, such as the three-dimensional (3D) artificial thymic organoid (ATO) co-culture system and Runx1/Hoxa9-enforced iT lymphopoiesis, provide fresh perspectives for coordinating culture conditions and transcription factors, which may greatly improve the efficiency of T-cell generation greatly. In addition, the improved PSC-to-iT platform coordinating gene editing technologies will provide various functional engineered unconventional or conventional T cells. Furthermore, the clinical applications of PSC-derived immune cells are accelerating from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yadan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Henan Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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78
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Sasaki T, Nishiwada S, Nakagawa K, Nagai M, Terai T, Hokuto D, Yasuda S, Matsuo Y, Doi S, Sho M. Integrative analysis identifies activated anti-tumor immune microenvironment in lung metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:948-957. [PMID: 35142963 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prognosis of patients experiencing recurrences after surgery for pancreatic cancer is extremely poor, patients who develop recurrence in the lung have a better prognosis compared to other types of recurrence. We performed a histo-immunological analysis of the metastatic specimens to identify specific features of this patient subgroup. METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry for CD4+, CD8+, CD45RO+, Foxp3, and PD-L1 in the lung (n = 22), peritoneal (n = 18), and liver (n = 6) metastases of pancreatic cancer. As microenvironmental and immunonutritional investigations, the tumor-stroma ratio and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were utilized in the integrative analysis of immunological features. RESULTS We identified significantly increased tumor-infiltrating CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RO+ cells in lung metastasis, compared with peritoneal and liver metastases (lung vs. peritoneum/liver, CD4: P < 0.001/P = 0.015, CD8: P < 0.001/P = 0.038, CD45RO: P = 0.022/P = 0.012). The CD8/Foxp3 ratio was higher in the lung than in the liver (P = 0.024). PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in lung metastasis than in peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.010). Furthermore, we found that lung metastasis had fewer cancer stroma than peritoneal metastasis (P < 0.001). A higher PNI was observed in patients with lung metastasis, and PNI was positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in metastatic sites. CONCLUSION We identified that lung metastasis revealed an immunologically "hot" tumor with increased TILs and PD-L1 expression. This specific feature suggests that patients with lung metastasis can be candidates for immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors; therefore, our study provides a framework for developing individualized treatment strategies for this patient subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishiwada
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Minako Nagai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Taichi Terai
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokuto
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuko Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Doi
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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79
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Chen X, Mo S, Zhang Y, Ma H, Lu Z, Yu S, Chen J. Analysis of a novel immune checkpoint, Siglec-15, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022; 8:268-278. [PMID: 35083884 PMCID: PMC8977273 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Siglec‐15, a novel immune checkpoint, is an emerging target for next‐generation cancer immunotherapy. However, the role of Siglec‐15 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poorly understood. We investigated the expression of Siglec‐15 and its association with clinicopathological characteristics, programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), immune cells, and DNA damage repair (DDR) molecules in a cohort of 291 patients with PDAC. Positive tumour cell expression of Siglec‐15 and PD‐L1 was observed in 18.6 and 30.3% of the samples, respectively. We also detected Siglec‐15 positivity in macrophages in 3.4% of patients. Co‐expression of Siglec‐15 with PD‐L1 was observed in 6.1% of the patients. A total of 33 PD‐L1‐negative samples (18.0%) were Siglec‐15‐positive. Siglec‐15 was observed more frequently in moderate‐to‐well‐differentiated tumours. Siglec‐15 was associated with a low density of Tregs and CD45RO T cells, high BRCA1 expression, and improved survival. Both Siglec‐15 and PD‐L1 are independent factors of patient outcomes. The prognostic significance of Siglec‐15 for survival was more discriminative in lymph node‐negative, high BRCA1 expression, or low BRCA2 expression tumours than in lymph node‐positive, low BRCA1 expression, or high BRCA2 expression tumours. In conclusion, we identified Siglec‐15 as a promising predictor for prognosis combined with different DDR molecular statuses and complex tumour‐infiltrating cells in PDAC. Targeting Siglec‐15 may be a novel therapeutic option for patients who are unresponsive to anti‐PD‐1 therapy. Future studies are needed to validate the prognostic significance of Siglec‐15 and to investigate its regulatory mechanisms in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shengwei Mo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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80
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Seledtsov VI, von Delwig AA. Oxygen therapy in traditional and immunotherapeutic treatment protocols of cancer patients: current reality and future prospects. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:575-581. [PMID: 35468308 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2070153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolic environment in ischemic and hypoxic tumors is known to contribute to cancer progression. Importantly, peculiar metabolic changes occurring in malignant cells (the increased glycolysis and the hampered Krebs cycle) may contribute to decreased antioxidant-dependent defense in ischemic and hypoxic tumors. AREAS COVERED In the clinic, oxygen saturation of tumors is usually achieved by the application of water-soluble ozone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Tumor oxygenation has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and potentiate anti-tumor effects of chemoradiotherapy in animal experiments and the clinical setting. Tumor oxygenation could enhance anti-tumor effects achieved by tumor blood vessel occlusion or angiostatic therapy. EXPERT OPINION Owing to a profound influence of ROS on both the innate and adaptive immunity, oxygen therapy, when combined simultaneously or sequentially with immunotherapeutic interventions (such as immune checkpoint inhibition, drug-induced immunostimulation, adoptive cell therapy, hyperthermia, etc.), could be considered as a novel highly-effective clinical biological approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ivanovich Seledtsov
- Department of Immunology, Innovita Research Company, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Center for Immunotherapy, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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81
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Jiang KY, Qi LL, Kang FB, Wang L. The intriguing roles of Siglec family members in the tumor microenvironment. Biomark Res 2022; 10:22. [PMID: 35418152 PMCID: PMC9008986 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding receptors are expressed on the surfaces of a variety of immune cells and have complex and diverse immunoregulatory functions in health and diseases. Recent studies have shown that Siglecs could play diverse immune and nonimmune regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and participate in tumor progression through various mechanisms, such as regulating tumor growth and metastasis, mediating the inflammatory response, and promoting tumor immune escape, thereby affecting the prognoses and outcomes of patients. However, depending on the cell type in which they are expressed, each Siglec member binds to corresponding ligands in the microenvironment milieu to drive diverse cell physiological and pathological processes in tumors. Therefore, we herein summarize the expression spectra and functions of the Siglec family in human diseases, particularly cancer, and highlight the possibility of therapeutic interventions targeting the TME in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Ying Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Qi
- Experimental Center for Teaching of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Biao Kang
- The Liver Disease Center of PLA, the 980Th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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82
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Zhang Q, Olberg A, Sioud M. Structural Requirements for the Binding of a Peptide to Prohibitins on the Cell Surface of Monocytes/Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084282. [PMID: 35457098 PMCID: PMC9029656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening of phage peptide libraries resulted in the identification of a sequence (named NW peptide, NWYLPWLGTNDW) that specifically binds to human monocytes and macrophages. Although the NW peptide can be used for the targeted delivery of therapeutics without knowledge of its receptor(s), the identification of-its binding partners will support future clinical applications-Here, we used the biotinylated NW peptide for cross-linking cell surface receptor(s) on live cells or as bait in pull-down assays with membrane proteins isolated from monocytes or human THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. Proteomic analysis of the captured proteins identified cell surface prohibitins (PHB1 and PHB2) and modified albumin as binding partners. Using flow cytometry and pull-down methods, we demonstrated that PHB1 and PHB2 interact directly with the NW peptide. Confocal imaging showed co-localization of the peptide with PHB1 on the surface of monocytes. Single replacement of either tryptophan or leucine with alanine completely inhibited binding, whereas the replacement of asparagine at position 1 or 10 and aspartic acid at position 11 with alanine did not affect the binding of the peptide variants. Neutral amino acid replacement of tryptophan at positions 2, 6, and 12 with tyrosine or phenylalanine also abolished the binding, implying that the indole ring of tryptophan is indispensable for the NW peptide to bind. Overall, the data suggest that membrane-associated prohibitins might be a useful target for the delivery of therapeutics to monocytes/macrophages and that tryptophan and leucine are key residues for peptide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qindong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Q.Z.); (A.O.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box. 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anniken Olberg
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Q.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Mouldy Sioud
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cancer Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (Q.Z.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
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83
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Chiang EY, Mellman I. TIGIT-CD226-PVR axis: advancing immune checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004711. [PMID: 35379739 PMCID: PMC8981293 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the roles of immune checkpoints in allowing tumors to circumvent the immune system have led to successful therapeutic strategies that have fundamentally changed oncology practice. Thus far, immunotherapies against only two checkpoint targets have been approved, CTLA-4 and PD-L1/PD-1. Antibody blockade of these targets enhances the function of antitumor T cells at least in part by relieving inhibition of the T cell costimulatory receptor CD28. These successes have stimulated considerable interest in identifying other pathways that may bte targeted alone or together with existing immunotherapies. One such immune checkpoint axis is comprised of members of the PVR/nectin family that includes the inhibitory receptor T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domains (TIGIT). Interestingly, TIGIT acts to regulate the activity of a second costimulatory receptor CD226 that works in parallel to CD28. There are currently over two dozen TIGIT-directed blocking antibodies in various phases of clinical development, testament to the promise of modulating this pathway to enhance antitumor immune responses. In this review, we discuss the role of TIGIT as a checkpoint inhibitor, its interplay with the activating counter-receptor CD226, and its status as the next advance in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y Chiang
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ira Mellman
- Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
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84
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Yu Y. Multi-target combinatory strategy to overcome tumor immune escape. Front Med 2022; 16:208-215. [PMID: 35377102 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune therapy has become the fourth approach after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer treatment. Many immune checkpoints were identified in the last decade since ipilimumab, which is the first immune checkpoint inhibitor to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, had been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in 2011. The use of several antibody drugs that target PD1/PD-L1 for various cancer treatments has been approved by the FDA. However, fewer people are benefitting from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in solid cancers. Approximately 80% of patients do not respond appropriately because of primary or acquired therapeutic resistance. Along with the characterization of more immune checkpoints, the combinatory treatment of multiimmune checkpoint inhibitors becomes a new option when monotherapy could not receive a good response. In this work, the author focuses on the combination therapy of multiple immune checkpoints (does not include targeted therapy of oncogenes or chemotherapy), introduces the current progression of multiple immune checkpoints and their related inhibitors, and discusses the advantages of combination therapy, as well as the risk of immune-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Yu
- Department of General Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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85
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Pan K, Farrukh H, Chittepu VCSR, Xu H, Pan CX, Zhu Z. CAR race to cancer immunotherapy: from CAR T, CAR NK to CAR macrophage therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:119. [PMID: 35361234 PMCID: PMC8969382 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has made tremendous progress with five CAR T therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for hematological malignancies. However, CAR immunotherapy in solid tumors lags significantly behind. Some of the major hurdles for CAR immunotherapy in solid tumors include CAR T cell manufacturing, lack of tumor-specific antigens, inefficient CAR T cell trafficking and infiltration into tumor sites, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), therapy-associated toxicity, and antigen escape. CAR Natural Killer (NK) cells have several advantages over CAR T cells as the NK cells can be manufactured from pre-existing cell lines or allogeneic NK cells with unmatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC); can kill cancer cells through both CAR-dependent and CAR-independent pathways; and have less toxicity, especially cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity. At least one clinical trial showed the efficacy and tolerability of CAR NK cell therapy. Macrophages can efficiently infiltrate into tumors, are major immune regulators and abundantly present in TME. The immunosuppressive M2 macrophages are at least as efficient as the proinflammatory M1 macrophages in phagocytosis of target cells; and M2 macrophages can be induced to differentiate to the M1 phenotype. Consequently, there is significant interest in developing CAR macrophages for cancer immunotherapy to overcome some major hurdles associated with CAR T/NK therapy, especially in solid tumors. Nevertheless, both CAR NK and CAR macrophages have their own limitations. This comprehensive review article will discuss the current status and the major hurdles associated with CAR T and CAR NK therapy, followed by the structure and cutting-edge research of developing CAR macrophages as cancer-specific phagocytes, antigen presenters, immunostimulators, and TME modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Pan
- Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Hizra Farrukh
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Huihong Xu
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway Building 3, Room 2B-110, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA.
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway Building 3, Room 2B-110, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA.
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86
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Xia T, Li K, Niu N, Shao Y, Ding D, Thomas DL, Jing H, Fujiwara K, Hu H, Osipov A, Yuan C, Wolfgang CL, Thompson ED, Anders RA, He J, Mou Y, Murphy AG, Zheng L. Immune cell atlas of cholangiocarcinomas reveals distinct tumor microenvironments and associated prognoses. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:37. [PMID: 35346322 PMCID: PMC8962046 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has demonstrated a limited clinical efficacy in approximately 5% of cholangiocarcinoma. The main challenges for an effective immunotherapy response in cholangiocarcinoma arise from the tumor microenvironment, which is poorly understood. METHODS For a comprehensive analysis of the tumor microenvironment in cholangiocarcinoma, we performed multiplex immunohistochemistry with two 15-marker immune panels and Nanostring assays for a comprehensive analysis of 104 surgically resected cholangiocarcinomas including intrahepatic, hilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma. We also validated some key findings with a batch integration analysis of published single cell RNA sequencing data. RESULTS This study found that natural killer cells occupy the largest immune cell compartment in cholangiocarcinoma. Granzyme-B+CD8+ effector T cells are significantly associated with better overall survival in both intrahepatic and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Above 85% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas with higher density of PD-1-EOMES-CD8+ effector T cells are associated with long-term survival. However, only the density of PD-1-EOMES-CD8+ T cells in the tumor areas, but not in the peripheries of the tumors, is prognostic. In all three cholangiocarcinoma subtypes, T regulator cells are significantly associated with a poor prognosis; however, M1 and M2 tumor-associated macrophages or PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophage demonstrate different prognostic values. Combining PD-L1+ M1 or M2, PD-L1- M1 or M2 tumor-associated macrophages, and T regulator cells to subgroup intrahepatic and distal cholangiocarcinoma, the prognosis is significantly better distinguished. Moreover, PD-L1- M2 tumor-associated macrophages is associated with a good prognosis in intrahepatic and distal cholangiocarcinoma, suggesting this subtype of M2 tumor-associated macrophages may be antitumoral. Interestingly, lower densities of various types of immunosuppressive cells are associated with decreased infiltration of effector T cells in distal and hilar cholangiocarcinoma, but not in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages exert their immunosuppressive function likely through promoting T cell exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the densities of Granzyme-B+CD8+ effector T cells and non-exhausted PD-1-EOMES-CD8+ T cells and the PD-L1 status in the tumor-associated macrophages are prognostic makers in cholangiocarcinomas. The study also supports targeting PD-L1+ tumor-associated macrophages as the immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xia
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, and Cancer Center, The Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and the Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, and Cancer Center, The Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and the Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingkuan Shao
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Zhejiang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwayne L Thomas
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Jing
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenji Fujiwara
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haijie Hu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arsen Osipov
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yiping Mou
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, and Cancer Center, The Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and the Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adrian G Murphy
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, CRB1 Room 351, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Metastasis prevention: targeting causes and roots. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:505-519. [PMID: 35347574 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The spread of tumor cells from the primary focus, metastasis, is the main cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, anticancer therapy should be focused on the prevention of metastatic disease. Key targets can be conditions in the primary tumor that are favorable for the appearance of metastatic cells and the first steps of the metastatic cascade. Here, we discuss different approaches for targeting metastasis causes (hypoxia, metabolism changes, and tumor microenvironment) and roots (angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion). Also, we emphasize the challenges of the existing approaches for metastasis prevention and suggest opportunities to overcome them. In conclusion, we highlight the importance of clinical evaluation of the agents showing antimetastatic effects in vivo, especially in patients with early-stage cancers, the identification of metastatic seeds, and the development of therapeutics for their eradication.
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Targeting extracellular matrix stiffness and mechanotransducers to improve cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:34. [PMID: 35331296 PMCID: PMC8943941 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer microenvironment is critical for tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The extracellular matrix (ECM) interacts with tumor and stromal cells to promote cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and immune evasion. Both ECM itself and ECM stiffening-induced mechanical stimuli may activate cell membrane receptors and mechanosensors such as integrin, Piezo1 and TRPV4, thereby modulating the malignant phenotype of tumor and stromal cells. A better understanding of how ECM stiffness regulates tumor progression will contribute to the development of new therapeutics. The rapidly expanding evidence in this research area suggests that the regulators and effectors of ECM stiffness represent potential therapeutic targets for cancer. This review summarizes recent work on the regulation of ECM stiffness in cancer, the effects of ECM stiffness on tumor progression, cancer immunity and drug resistance. We also discuss the potential targets that may be druggable to intervene ECM stiffness and tumor progression. Based on these advances, future efforts can be made to develop more effective and safe drugs to interrupt ECM stiffness-induced oncogenic signaling, cancer progression and drug resistance.
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Park S, Ock CY, Kim H, Pereira S, Park S, Ma M, Choi S, Kim S, Shin S, Aum BJ, Paeng K, Yoo D, Cha H, Park S, Suh KJ, Jung HA, Kim SH, Kim YJ, Sun JM, Chung JH, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Lee JS, Park K, Song SY, Bang YJ, Choi YL, Mok TS, Lee SH. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Spatial Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes as Complementary Biomarker for Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1916-1928. [PMID: 35271299 PMCID: PMC9177249 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biomarkers on the basis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are potentially valuable in predicting the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However, clinical application remains challenging because of methodologic limitations and laborious process involved in spatial analysis of TIL distribution in whole-slide images (WSI). METHODS We have developed an artificial intelligence (AI)–powered WSI analyzer of TIL in the tumor microenvironment that can define three immune phenotypes (IPs): inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert. These IPs were correlated with tumor response to ICI and survival in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULTS Inflamed IP correlated with enrichment in local immune cytolytic activity, higher response rate, and prolonged progression-free survival compared with patients with immune-excluded or immune-desert phenotypes. At the WSI level, there was significant positive correlation between tumor proportion score (TPS) as determined by the AI model and control TPS analyzed by pathologists (P < .001). Overall, 44.0% of tumors were inflamed, 37.1% were immune-excluded, and 18.9% were immune-desert. Incidence of inflamed IP in patients with programmed death ligand-1 TPS at < 1%, 1%-49%, and ≥ 50% was 31.7%, 42.5%, and 56.8%, respectively. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were, respectively, 4.1 months and 24.8 months with inflamed IP, 2.2 months and 14.0 months with immune-excluded IP, and 2.4 months and 10.6 months with immune-desert IP. CONCLUSION The AI-powered spatial analysis of TIL correlated with tumor response and progression-free survival of ICI in advanced NSCLC. This is potentially a supplementary biomarker to TPS as determined by a pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sangjoon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Hongui Cha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tony S Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jiang G, Hong J, Shao F, Wen Q, Cheng F, Yu T, Zhu J. Evolution of Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer from a Bird's-Eye Perspective: A Text-Mining Analysis of Publication Trends and Topics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:795129. [PMID: 35280816 PMCID: PMC8907843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.795129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ovarian tumors are among the most prominent gynecological malignancies and have a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has undergone incredible progress in the past two decades. Our study aimed to use a bibliometric approach to identify research trends in ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Methods Literature on this topic published from 2000-2020 was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Citation database and analyzed using the bibliometric analysis software VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results A total of 1729 articles on ovarian cancer immunotherapy published from January 2000 to December 2020 were identified. The number of published articles increased each year, from 40 in 2000 to 209 in 2020. These publications were from 61 countries, and the USA showed a dominant position in publication output, total citations, and average number of citations per paper. Co-citation networks revealed 14 subtopics. 'PD-L1 expression,' 'tumor reactive til,' and 'parp inhibitor' are the current potential subtopics. Furthermore, we determined research trends according to the timeline analysis. Conclusion Our study exhaustively describes the development and summarizes the research trends of ovarian cancer immunotherapy over the past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Jiang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Hong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Tunan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
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The Potential of Nanomedicine to Unlock the Limitless Applications of mRNA. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020460. [PMID: 35214191 PMCID: PMC8879057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2020 was a turning point in the way society perceives science. Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology finally showed and shared its potential, starting a new era in medicine. However, there is no doubt that commercialization of these vaccines would not have been possible without nanotechnology, which has finally answered the long-term question of how to deliver mRNA in vivo. The aim of this review is to showcase the importance of this scientific milestone for the development of additional mRNA therapeutics. Firstly, we provide a full description of the marketed vaccine formulations and disclose LNPs’ pharmaceutical properties, including composition, structure, and manufacturing considerations Additionally, we review different types of lipid-based delivery technologies currently in preclinical and clinical development, namely lipoplexes and cationic nanoemulsions. Finally, we highlight the most promising clinical applications of mRNA in different fields such as vaccinology, immuno-oncology, gene therapy for rare genetic diseases and gene editing using CRISPR Cas9.
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92
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Long Noncoding RNA TUG1 Inhibits Tumor Progression through Regulating Siglec-15-Related Anti-Immune Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9557859. [PMID: 35237695 PMCID: PMC8885264 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9557859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, and its biology remains poorly understood, especially in regards to the immunosuppression induced by immune checkpoints, such as Siglec-15. Most cancer treatments composed of immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncogene-targeted drugs display a better therapeutic effect in the clinic, including tumor progression inhibition and immunosuppression breaks. However, two or more drugs will result in a greater possibility of adverse effects. Thus, a double-function target is necessary for developing antitumor drugs, such as RNAi therapy. Methods The expression of TUG1, Siglec-15, and miRNAs was evaluated by qPCR, and protein expression was analyzed by western blotting. The immune responses were evaluated by a Jurkat-reporter gene assay, a T cell-induced cytotoxicity assay, and IFN-γ/IL-2 release. The interactions among TUG1, Siglec-15, and miRNAs were verified by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to determine tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Results In HCC patients and cells, increased TUG1 levels were observed, positively regulating Siglec-15 expression. TUG1-induced Siglec-15 upregulation resulted in the suppression of the immune response of HCC cells. hsa-miR-582-5p directly targeted TUG1 and Siglec-15 mRNA, and ihsa-miR-582-5p knockout prevented the regulation of Siglec-15 induced by THU1. Changes in hsa-miR-582-5p expression negatively regulated Siglec-15 levels and immunosuppression but had no influence on TUG1 levels. siRNA knockdown of TUG1 effectively led to tumor progression inhibition and immune response improvement in HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion TUG1 increases the Siglec-15 level in HCC cells as a sponge to hsa-miR-582-5p, resulting in enhanced immunosuppression. TUG1 knockdown induced by siRNA not only reduces immunosuppression but also suppresses tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo. These novel findings may provide a potential and appropriate target for RNAi therapy to develop drugs with dual antitumor activity.
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Aru B, Soltani M, Pehlivanoglu C, Gürlü E, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Yanikkaya Demirel G. Comparison of Laboratory Methods for the Clinical Follow Up of Checkpoint Blockade Therapies in Leukemia: Current Status and Challenges Ahead. Front Oncol 2022; 12:789728. [PMID: 35155232 PMCID: PMC8829140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.789728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the monoclonal antibodies that modulate the interaction between immune checkpoint molecules or their ligands on the immune cells or tumor tissue has revolutionized cancer treatment. While there are various studies proving their efficacy in hematological malignancies, there is also a body of accumulating evidence indicating that immune checkpoint inhibitors’ clinical benefits are limited in such diseases. In addition, due to their regulatory nature that balances the immune responses, blockade of immune checkpoints may lead to toxic side effects and autoimmune responses, and even primary or acquired resistance mechanisms may restrict their success. Thus, the need for laboratory biomarkers to identify and monitor patient populations who are more likely respond to this type of therapy and the management of side effects seem critical. However, guidelines regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hematological cancers and during follow-up are limited while there is no consensus on the laboratory parameters to be investigated for safety and efficacy of the treatment. This review aims to provide an insight into recent information on predictive and prognostic value of biomarkers and laboratory tests for the clinical follow up of hematological malignancies, with an emphasis on leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Aru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mojdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Cemil Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hatay Training and Research Hospital, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Ege Gürlü
- Faculty of Medicine 4thYear Student, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Michielin O, Lalani AK, Robert C, Sharma P, Peters S. Defining unique clinical hallmarks for immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003024. [PMID: 35078922 PMCID: PMC8796265 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immuno-oncology therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have transformed cancer care and have brought into question whether classic oncology efficacy assessments adequately describe the distinctive responses observed with these agents. With more ICI-based therapies being approved across multiple tumor types, it is essential to define unique clinical hallmarks of these agents and their associated assessments to better reflect the therapeutic impact for both patients and physicians. Long-term survival and objective responses, such as depth and durability of responses, treatment-free survival, efficacy in brain metastases, improved health-related quality of life, and unique safety profiles, are among the hallmarks that have emerged for ICI therapies. An established clinical hallmark is a sustained long-term survival, as evidenced by a delayed separation of Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and a plateau at ~3 years. Combination ICI therapies provide the opportunity to raise this plateau, thereby affording durable survival benefits to more patients. Deepening of responses over time is a unique clinical ICI hallmark, with patients responding long term and with more durable complete responses. Depth of response has demonstrated prognostic value for long-term survival in some cancers, and several ICI studies have shown sustained responses even after discontinuing ICI therapy, offering the potential for treatment-free intervals. Although clinical evidence supporting efficacy in brain metastases is limited, favorable ICI intracranial responses have been seen that are largely concordant with extracranial responses. While patient outcomes can be significantly improved with ICIs, they are associated with unique immune-mediated adverse reactions (IMARs), including delayed ICI toxicities, and may require multidisciplinary management for optimal care. Interestingly, patients discontinuing ICIs for IMARs may maintain responses similar to patients who did not discontinue for an IMAR, whether they restarted ICI therapy or not. Conclusion Herein, we comprehensively review and refine the clinical hallmarks uniquely associated with ICI therapies, which not only will rejuvenate our assessment of ICI therapeutic outcomes but also will lead to a greater appreciation of the effectiveness of ICI therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Michielin
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aly-Khan Lalani
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caroline Robert
- Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Departments of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yu J, Sun H, Cao W, Song Y, Jiang Z. Research progress on dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35074008 PMCID: PMC8784280 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce specific immune responses that can selectively eliminate target cells. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to explore DC vaccination in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as well as other nonleukemia malignancies. There are at least two different strategies that use DCs to promote antitumor immunity: in situ vaccination and canonical vaccination. Monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DCs) and leukemia-derived DCs (DCleu) are the main types of DCs used in vaccines for AML and MDS thus far. Different cancer-related molecules such as peptides, recombinant proteins, apoptotic leukemic cells, whole tumor cells or lysates and DCs/DCleu containing a vaster antigenic repertoire with RNA electroporation, have been used as antigen sources to load DCs. To enhance DC vaccine efficacy, new strategies, such as combination with conventional chemotherapy, monospecific/bispecific antibodies and immune checkpoint-targeting therapies, have been explored. After a decade of trials and tribulations, much progress has been made and much promise has emerged in the field. In this review we summarize the recent advances in DC vaccine immunotherapy for AML/MDS as well as other nonleukemia malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Gene Regulation, Henan University College of Medicine, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Yi M, Zheng X, Niu M, Zhu S, Ge H, Wu K. Combination strategies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade: current advances and future directions. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:28. [PMID: 35062949 PMCID: PMC8780712 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01489-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the immense success in clinical trials, ten α-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, sintilimab, camrelizumab, toripalimab, tislelizumab, zimberelimab, prolgolimab, and dostarlimab) and three α-PD-L1 antibodies (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) have been approved for various types of cancers. Nevertheless, the low response rate of α-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy remains to be resolved. For most cancer patients, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is not the sole speed-limiting factor of antitumor immunity, and it is insufficient to motivate effective antitumor immune response by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 axis. It has been validated that some combination therapies, including α-PD-1/PD-L1 plus chemotherapy, radiotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, targeted therapy, other immune checkpoint inhibitors, agonists of the co-stimulatory molecule, stimulator of interferon genes agonists, fecal microbiota transplantation, epigenetic modulators, or metabolic modulators, have superior antitumor efficacies and higher response rates. Moreover, bifunctional or bispecific antibodies containing α-PD-1/PD-L1 moiety also elicited more potent antitumor activity. These combination strategies simultaneously boost multiple processes in cancer-immunity cycle, remove immunosuppressive brakes, and orchestrate an immunosupportive tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the synergistic antitumor efficacies and mechanisms of α-PD-1/PD-L1 in combination with other therapies. Moreover, we focused on the advances of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies in clinical studies. Given the heterogeneity across patients and cancer types, individualized combination selection could improve the effects of α-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunomodulatory strategies and relieve treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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Wu L, Wang W, Tian J, Qi C, Cai Z, Yan W, Xuan S, Shang A. Combination therapy with Nab-paclitaxel and the interleukin-15 fused with anti-human serum albumin nanobody as a synergistic treatment for colorectal cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1942-1951. [PMID: 35019820 PMCID: PMC8805949 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2023997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determines the effect of Nab-paclitaxel in combination with IL-15 fusion protein, containing IL-15 and an anti-HSA nanobody domain, on colorectal cancer bearing mice. In vitro binding test of IL15 fusion protein to HSA and Nab-paclitaxel, as well as CTLL-2 cell stimulation assay were performed. The tumor inhibitory effects of Nab-paclitaxel in combination with IL-15 fusion protein was evaluated in the HCT116 bearing murine model. Moreover, the population and function of cytotoxic T cells and M1 macrophages, as well as MDSCs and Treg cells, were also further examined. As a result, combination therapy of Nab-paclitaxel and IL-15 fusion protein effectively inhibits the tumor growth and produced a 78% reduction in tumor size for HCT116, as compared to vehicle group. In the TDLN for the combination group, there were 18% of CD8+ IFN-γ + T-cells and 0.47% CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells, as opposed to 5.0% and 5.1%, respectively, for the model control group. Combination therapy further exhibited enhanced suppressive effects on the accumulation of CD11b+GR-1+ MDSC in spleen and bone marrow. Furthermore, Nab-paclitaxel and IL-15 fusion protein showed a significant suppression of NF-κB-mediated immune suppressive markers and increased expression of CD8, Granzyme B, CD62L, CD49b, and CD86 without obvious organ toxicity. In conclusion, combination therapy of Nab-paclitaxel and IL-15 fusion protein can effectively stimulate the antitumor activity of immune effector cells, thereby inhibiting immunosuppressive cells within the TME of colorectal cancer, and the overall therapeutic effect has a significant advantage over monotherapy.AbbreviationsInterleukin 15, IL-15; Human serum albumin, HSA; Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, MDSC; Albumin binding domain, ABD; Tumor drainage lymph node, TDLN; Natural killer (NK); Tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN); Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte, TIL; Immunogenic cell death, ICD; Enhanced permeability retention, EPR; Liposomal doxorubicin, Doxil; 5-fluorouracil, 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongtai People's Hospital & Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tinghu People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiale Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunrun Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tinghu People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tinghu People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Wenhui Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tinghu People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Shihai Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongtai People's Hospital & Dongtai Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Motofei IG. Nobel Prize for immune checkpoint inhibitors, understanding the immunological switching between immunosuppression and autoimmunity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:599-612. [PMID: 34937484 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.2020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary form of immunotherapy in cancer. However, the percentage of patients responding to therapy is relatively low, while adverse effects occur in a large number of patients. In addition, the therapeutic mechanisms of ICIs are not yet completely described. AREAS COVERED The initial view (articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) was that ICIs increase tumor-specific immunity. Recent data (collected from the same databases) suggest that the ICIs pharmacotherapy actually extends beyond the topic of immune reactivity, including additional immune pathways, such as disrupting immunosuppression and increasing tumor-specific autoimmunity. Unfortunately, there is no clear delimitation between these specific autoimmune reactions that are therapeutically beneficial, and nonspecific autoimmune reactions/toxicity that can be extremely severe side effects. EXPERT OPINION Immune checkpoint mechanisms perform a non-selective immune regulation, maintaining a dynamic balance between immunosuppression and autoimmunity. By blocking these mechanisms, ICIs actually perform an immunological reset, decreasing immunosuppression and increasing tumor-specific immunity and predisposition to autoimmunity. The predisposition to autoimmunity induces both side effects and beneficial autoimmunity. Consequently, further studies are necessary to maximize the beneficial tumor-specific autoimmunity, while reducing the counterproductive effect of associated autoimmune toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion G Motofei
- Department of Surgery/ Oncology, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Surgery/ Oncology, St. Pantelimon Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Zeng H, Shen Y, Hirachan S, Bhandari A, Zhang X. Pan-cancer investigation of CENPK gene: clinical significance and oncogenic immunology. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:13336-13355. [PMID: 35035680 PMCID: PMC8748151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have confirmed that the CENPK gene regulates the progression of cancers, but its specific molecular mechanism remains unidentified, as does its significance in the analysis of human cancers. We specify a comprehensive genomic architecture of the CENPK gene associated with the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical relevance across a broad spectrum of solid tumors. Statistics from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) of over 30 solid tumors were examined. CENPK was expressed differentially in several cancers and is significantly associated in survival outcomes, with higher CENPK signifying a worse prognosis for ACC, KICH, KIRC, KIRP, LGG, LIHC, LUAD, MESO, and SARC. We further examined its clinical relevance with tumor immunogenic features. The expression level of CENPK was not only strongly linked to the tumor infiltration, such as tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune scores but also linked to microsatellite instability and tumor mutation burden in diverse cancers (P<0.05). I mmune markers such as TNFRSF14 and VSIR were highly expressed on over 20 kinds of human cancer and mismatch repair genes like MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 were positively related with CENPK expression. Moreover, the methyltransferases and functional pathways also seem to have a relationship with the CENPK. CENPK is expected to be a guiding marker gene for clinical prognosis and tumor personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suzita Hirachan
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Unit, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmandu, Nepal
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Wenzhou Central HospitalWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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Gou S, Liu W, Wang S, Chen G, Chen Z, Qiu L, Zhou X, Wu Y, Qi Y, Gao Y. Engineered Nanovaccine Targeting Clec9a + Dendritic Cells Remarkably Enhances the Cancer Immunotherapy Effects of STING Agonist. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9939-9950. [PMID: 34779631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agonists of the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) are considered as promising therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy. However, drug-delivery barriers and adverse effects limit the clinical application of STING agonists. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop an ideal delivery system to deliver STING agonists and avoid side effects. Here, we discovered that STING agonists significantly stimulated type I interferon (IFN) secretion in Clec9a+ dendritic cells (DCs). Then, we designed an engineered peptide-expressed biomimetic cancer cell membrane (EPBM)-coated nanovaccine drug-delivery system (PLGA/STING@EPBM) to deliver STING agonists and tumor antigens to Clec9a+ DCs. The PLGA/STING@EPBM nanovaccine significantly enhanced IFN-stimulated expression of genes and antigen cross-presentation of Clec9a+ DCs, thus eliciting strong antitumor effects in both anti-PD-1-responsive and -resistant tumor models without obvious cytotoxicity. Moreover, the PLGA/STING@EPBM nanovaccine combined with radiotherapy exhibited remarkable synergistic antitumor effects. Our work highlights the great potential of a EPBM-coated nanovaccine for systemic STING agonist delivery as an attractive tool for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiuman Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yahong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Joint Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Drugs of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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