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Regulatory and Functional Involvement of Long Non-Coding RNAs in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061506. [PMID: 34203749 PMCID: PMC8232683 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of genome integrity is vital for all living organisms, particularly when DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur. Eukaryotes have developed two main pathways, namely Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) and Homologous Recombination (HR), to repair DSBs. While most of the current research is focused on the role of key protein players in the functional regulation of DSB repair pathways, accumulating evidence has uncovered a novel class of regulating factors termed non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs have been found to hold a pivotal role in the activation of DSB repair mechanisms, thereby safeguarding genomic stability. In particular, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have begun to emerge as new players with vast therapeutic potential. This review summarizes important advances in the field of lncRNAs, including characterization of recently identified lncRNAs, and their implication in DSB repair pathways in the context of tumorigenesis.
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Jin F, Li J, Zhang YB, Liu X, Cai M, Liu M, Li M, Ma C, Yue R, Zhu Y, Lai R, Wang Z, Ji X, Wei H, Dong J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Sun Y, Wang X. A functional motif of long noncoding RNA Nron against osteoporosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3319. [PMID: 34083547 PMCID: PMC8175706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are widely implicated in diverse disease processes. Nonetheless, their regulatory roles in bone resorption are undefined. Here, we identify lncRNA Nron as a critical suppressor of bone resorption. We demonstrate that osteoclastic Nron knockout mice exhibit an osteopenia phenotype with elevated bone resorption activity. Conversely, osteoclastic Nron transgenic mice exhibit lower bone resorption and higher bone mass. Furthermore, the pharmacological overexpression of Nron inhibits bone resorption, while caused apparent side effects in mice. To minimize the side effects, we further identify a functional motif of Nron. The delivery of Nron functional motif to osteoclasts effectively reverses bone loss without obvious side effects. Mechanistically, the functional motif of Nron interacts with E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4B to regulate ERα stability. These results indicate that Nron is a key bone resorption suppressor, and the lncRNA functional motif could potentially be utilized to treat diseases with less risk of side effects. LncRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Here, the authors show that the lncRNA Nron suppresses bone resorption, and show that delivery of a functional motif of Nron increases bone mass in mouse models of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Jin
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Cai
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Meijing Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yue
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yexuan Zhu
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renfa Lai
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery & China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Wei
- Zeki Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University & Department of Stomatology, College of stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Sun X. LINC01133 promotes the progression of cervical cancer via regulating miR-30a-5p/FOXD1. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 17:253-263. [PMID: 33078907 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (CC) remains poor, and its incidence is especially high in developing countries. Multiple long noncoding RNAs are recently identified as crucial oncogenic factors or tumor suppressors. In this study, we explored the function and mechanism of LINC01133 during the progression of CC. METHODS Expression levels of LINC01133 and miR-30a-5p in 50 CC tissue samples were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of oncogene forkhead box D1 (FOXD1). The association between pathological indices and the expression level of LINC01133 was also analyzed. Human CC cell lines HeLa and SiHa were used as cell models. CCK-8 and bromodeoxyuridine assays were used to assess the effect of LINC01133 on CC cell line proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to study the effect of LINC01133 on CC apoptosis. Transwell assay was conducted to detect the effect of LINC01133 on migration and invasion. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-30a-5p to LINC01133. RESULTS We observed that LINC01133 expression in CC clinical samples was significantly increased, with high expression associated with higher T stage and negative HPV infection of the patients. Its overexpression remarkably accelerated proliferation and metastasis of CC cells, with reduced apoptosis. LINC01133 knockdown suppressed the malignant phenotypes of CC cells. Overexpression of LINC01133 significantly reduced the expression of miR-30a-5p by sponging it and enhanced the expression of FOXD1. CONCLUSIONS We report the overexpression of LINC01133 in CC sample and cell lines, which correlated with unfavorable pathological indices. LINC01133 was a sponge of tumor suppressor miR-30a-5p, and it enhanced the expression of FOXD1 indirectly and functioned as an oncogenic lncRNA in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- The Second Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning Province, China
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Zhang M, Gao F, Yu X, Zhang Q, Sun Z, He Y, Guo W. LINC00261: a burgeoning long noncoding RNA related to cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:274. [PMID: 34022894 PMCID: PMC8141177 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are considered to be vital regulators of many cellular processes, particularly in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 261 (LINC00261), a recently discovered lncRNA, is abnormally expressed in a variety of human malignancies, including pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, laryngeal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, choriocarcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. LINC00261 mainly functions as a tumor suppressor that regulates a variety of biological processes in the above-mentioned cancers, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, chemoresistance, and tumorigenesis. In addition, the up-regulation of LINC00261 is closely correlated with both favorable prognoses and many clinical characteristics. In the present review, we summarize recent research documenting the expression and biological mechanisms of LINC00261 in tumor development. These findings suggest that LINC00261, as a tumor suppressor, has bright prospects both as a biomarker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menggang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ, Transplantation at Henan Universities, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Health Management Center, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ, Transplantation at Henan Universities, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qiyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ, Transplantation at Henan Universities, 450052, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zongzong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ, Transplantation at Henan Universities, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ, Transplantation at Henan Universities, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Wang YH, Guo Z, An L, Zhou Y, Xu H, Xiong J, Liu ZQ, Chen XP, Zhou HH, Li X, Liu T, Huang WH, Zhang W. LINC-PINT impedes DNA repair and enhances radiotherapeutic response by targeting DNA-PKcs in nasopharyngeal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:454. [PMID: 33963177 PMCID: PMC8105365 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radioresistance continues to be the leading cause of recurrence and metastasis in nasopharyngeal cancer. Long noncoding RNAs are emerging as regulators of DNA damage and radioresistance. LINC-PINT was originally identified as a tumor suppressor in various cancers. In this study, LINC-PINT was significantly downregulated in nasopharyngeal cancer tissues than in rhinitis tissues, and low LINC-PINT expressions showed poorer prognosis in patients who received radiotherapy. We further identified a functional role of LINC-PINT in inhibiting the malignant phenotypes and sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC-PINT was responsive to DNA damage, inhibiting DNA damage repair through ATM/ATR-Chk1/Chk2 signaling pathways. Moreover, LINC-PINT increased radiosensitivity by interacting with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and negatively regulated the expression and recruitment of DNA-PKcs. Therefore, these findings collectively support the possibility that LINC-PINT serves as an attractive target to overcome radioresistance in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Liang An
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, 410013, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610000, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, P. R. China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
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Vancura A, Lanzós A, Bosch-Guiteras N, Esteban MT, Gutierrez AH, Haefliger S, Johnson R. Cancer LncRNA Census 2 (CLC2): an enhanced resource reveals clinical features of cancer lncRNAs. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab013. [PMID: 34316704 PMCID: PMC8210278 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in cancer and are at the vanguard of precision therapeutic development. These efforts depend on large and high-confidence collections of cancer lncRNAs. Here, we present the Cancer LncRNA Census 2 (CLC2). With 492 cancer lncRNAs, CLC2 is 4-fold greater in size than its predecessor, without compromising on strict criteria of confident functional/genetic roles and inclusion in the GENCODE annotation scheme. This increase was enabled by leveraging high-throughput transposon insertional mutagenesis screening data, yielding 92 novel cancer lncRNAs. CLC2 makes a valuable addition to existing collections: it is amongst the largest, contains numerous unique genes (not found in other databases) and carries functional labels (oncogene/tumour suppressor). Analysis of this dataset reveals that cancer lncRNAs are impacted by germline variants, somatic mutations and changes in expression consistent with inferred disease functions. Furthermore, we show how clinical/genomic features can be used to vet prospective gene sets from high-throughput sources. The combination of size and quality makes CLC2 a foundation for precision medicine, demonstrating cancer lncRNAs’ evolutionary and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Vancura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Andrés Lanzós
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Núria Bosch-Guiteras
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Mònica Torres Esteban
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro H Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Simon Haefliger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Rory Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland
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LncRNA KLK8 modulates stem cell characteristics in colon cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153437. [PMID: 34271345 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer, one of the most common and aggressive human malignancies, is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in systemic therapy, the 5-year survival rate of colon cancer patients remains at 30 % due to recurrence and metastasis. The poor prognosis is related to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in CSCs. Thus, understanding of the correlation between CSCs and lncRNA in colon cancer is of it is of great clinical significance. METHOD The expression of KLK8 expression in colon cancer tissues was determined by qRT-PCR. Colon cancer-derived CSCs could form sphere-like cell aggregates after 10 days of culturing in a serum-free medium. In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to assess the expression of CD44, Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. RESULTS KLK8 was markedly upregulated in colon cancer tissues in comparison with normal tissues, and its expression was related to tumor size, TNM stage, and metastasis, and positively correlated with the expression of CSCs-related genes in colon cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS Thus, KLK8 may serve as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in colon cancer patients.
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Yang X, Miao S, Mao X, Xiu C, Sun J, Pei R, Jia S. LncRNA LINC-PINT Inhibits Malignant Behaviors of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via Inhibiting ZEB1. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:584466. [PMID: 34257531 PMCID: PMC8262191 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.584466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) belongs to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with dismal prognosis. Here, this study aims to disclose the role of LINC-PINT in cancer development, which may contribute to improving the clinical outcomes of LSCC treatment. Methods: LINC-PINT expression in LSCC tissues and in TU-177 and Hep-2 cells was quantified, and subsequently, the association between LINC-PINT and LSCC malignancies was analyzed. pcDNA3.1-LINC-PINT or pcDNA3.1-EZH2 was introduced into Hep-2 and TU-177 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses examined the levels of proteins related to the AKT/mTOR pathway and their phosphorylated proteins in Hep-2 and TU-177 cells. The viability as well as migration and invasion abilities of Hep-2 and TU-177 cells were determined. Also, the distribution of LINC-PINT in Hep-2 cells was investigated as well as the interplay between LINC-PINT and EZH2. The downstream genes that might interact with EZH2 were screened. Results: LINC-PINT expression was inhibited in LSCC tissues and in Hep-2 and TU-177 cells, whose downregulation was associated with unsatisfactory prognosis. LINC-PINT overexpression suppressed the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of Hep-2 and TU-177 cells. LINC-PINT, mainly expressing in nuclei, could enrich EZH2 to silence ZEB1. In Hep-2 and TU-177 cells, the inhibition of LINC-PINT or overexpression of ZEB1 could enhance cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The phosphorylated levels of proteins related to the AKT/mTOR pathway were declined in cells with LINC-PINT overexpression, and the levels of these phosphorylated proteins were increased in cells with LINC-PINT inhibition. Conclusion: LINC-PINT enriches EZH2 to silence ZEB1 and thus inhibits the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of Hep-2 and TU-177 cells. In addition, LINC-PINT might exert its biological function through the AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguang Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Susheng Miao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xionghui Mao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Xiu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Pei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shenshan Jia
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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He D, Wu D, Muller S, Wang L, Saha P, Ahanger SH, Liu SJ, Cui M, Hong SJ, Jain M, Olson HE, Akeson M, Costello JF, Diaz A, Lim DA. miRNA-independent function of long noncoding pri-miRNA loci. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2017562118. [PMID: 33758101 PMCID: PMC8020771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017562118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the large, diverse set of mammalian long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), long noncoding primary microRNAs (lnc-pri-miRNAs) are those that host miRNAs. Whether lnc-pri-miRNA loci have important biological function independent of their cognate miRNAs is poorly understood. From a genome-scale lncRNA screen, lnc-pri-miRNA loci were enriched for function in cell proliferation, and in glioblastoma (i.e., GBM) cells with DGCR8 or DROSHA knockdown, lnc-pri-miRNA screen hits still regulated cell growth. To molecularly dissect the function of a lnc-pri-miRNA locus, we studied LOC646329 (also known as MIR29HG), which hosts the miR-29a/b1 cluster. In GBM cells, LOC646329 knockdown reduced miR-29a/b1 levels, and these cells exhibited decreased growth. However, genetic deletion of the miR-29a/b1 cluster (LOC646329-miR29Δ) did not decrease cell growth, while knockdown of LOC646329-miR29Δ transcripts reduced cell proliferation. The miR-29a/b1-independent activity of LOC646329 corresponded to enhancer-like activation of a neighboring oncogene (MKLN1), regulating cell propagation. The LOC646329 locus interacts with the MKLN1 promoter, and antisense oligonucleotide knockdown of the lncRNA disrupts these interactions and reduces the enhancer-like activity. More broadly, analysis of genome-wide data from multiple human cell types showed that lnc-pri-miRNA loci are significantly enriched for DNA looping interactions with gene promoters as well as genomic and epigenetic characteristics of transcriptional enhancers. Functional studies of additional lnc-pri-miRNA loci demonstrated cognate miRNA-independent enhancer-like activity. Together, these data demonstrate that lnc-pri-miRNA loci can regulate cell biology via both miRNA-dependent and miRNA-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel He
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - David Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Soren Muller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Parna Saha
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121
| | - Sajad Hamid Ahanger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121
| | - Siyuan John Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Miao Cui
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sung Jun Hong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Miten Jain
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
- UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Hugh E Olson
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
- UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Mark Akeson
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
- UCSC Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Aaron Diaz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Surgery, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121
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Kalhori MR, Khodayari H, Khodayari S, Vesovic M, Jackson G, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Regulation of Long Non-Coding RNAs by Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Novel Anticancer Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061274. [PMID: 33805687 PMCID: PMC8001769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is caused by the rapid and uncontrolled growth of cells that eventually lead to tumor formation. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are among the most critical factors in the onset of carcinoma. Phytochemicals are a group of natural compounds that play an essential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential therapeutic targets of bioactive phytochemicals, and these compounds could regulate the expression of lncRNAs directly and indirectly. Here, we critically evaluate in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of phytochemicals in numerous human cancers via regulation of lncRNA expression and their downstream target genes. Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in various cellular activities, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of lncRNAs serves a fundamental role in the progression and initiation of various diseases, including cancer. Precision medicine is a suitable and optimal treatment method for cancer so that based on each patient’s genetic content, a specific treatment or drug is prescribed. The rapid advancement of science and technology in recent years has led to many successes in this particular treatment. Phytochemicals are a group of natural compounds extracted from fruits, vegetables, and plants. Through the downregulation of oncogenic lncRNAs or upregulation of tumor suppressor lncRNAs, these bioactive compounds can inhibit metastasis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and cancer cells. These natural products can be a novel and alternative strategy for cancer treatment and improve tumor cells’ sensitivity to standard adjuvant therapies. This review will discuss the antineoplastic effects of bioactive plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) via regulation of expression of lncRNAs in various human cancers and their potential for the treatment and prevention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran;
| | - Hamid Khodayari
- International Center for Personalized Medicine, 40235 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.K.)
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Saeed Khodayari
- International Center for Personalized Medicine, 40235 Düsseldorf, Germany; (H.K.); (S.K.)
- Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Miko Vesovic
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Gloria Jackson
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718874414, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.H.F.); or (A.B.)
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Yang Z, Ding H, Pan Z, Li H, Ding J, Chen Q. YY1-inudced activation of lncRNA DUXAP8 promotes proliferation and suppresses apoptosis of triple negative breast cancer cells through upregulating SAPCD2. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:216-224. [PMID: 33683171 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1881201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Double homeobox A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) belongs to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which has been proven to promote the biological processes of multiple human cancers. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. However, the specific role of lncRNA DUXAP8 and its underlying mechanism in TNBC remains to be unclear. We detected the expression of DUXAP8 in TNBC cells through qRT-PCR analysis. The effects of DUXAP8 silencing on TNBC cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified using CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assay. The downstream microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) of DUXAP8 were searched out through bioinformatics analysis and mechanism experiments. Rescue assays were conducted to verify the involvement of suppressor APC domain containing 2 (SAPCD2) in DUXAP8-mediated TNBC cell proliferation and apoptosis. DUXAP8 was highly expressed in TNBC cells compared to that in normal breast cells. Knockdown of DUXAP8 inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and accelerated cell apoptosis. DUXAP8 interacted with miR-29a-3p and thus enhanced the expression of SAPCD2. Moreover, YY1 transcription factor could bind to DUXAP8 promoter to activate the transcription of DUXAP8. YY1-induced transcriptional activation of DUXAP8 promotes TNBC cell growth through miR-29a-3p/SAPCD2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbin Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Guiducci G, Stojic L. Long Noncoding RNAs at the Crossroads of Cell Cycle and Genome Integrity. Trends Genet 2021; 37:528-546. [PMID: 33685661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle is controlled by guardian proteins that coordinate the process of cell growth and cell division. Alterations in these processes lead to genome instability, which has a causal link to many human diseases. Beyond their well-characterized role of influencing protein-coding genes, an increasing body of evidence has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) actively participate in regulation of the cell cycle and safeguarding of genome integrity. LncRNAs are versatile molecules that act via a wide array of mechanisms. In this review, we discuss how lncRNAs are implicated in control of the cell cycle and maintenance of genome stability and how changes in lncRNA-regulatory networks lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guiducci
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lovorka Stojic
- Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Ji L, Chen S, Gu L, Wang J, Zhang X. LncRNA AGAP2-AS1 Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Colon Cancer by Forming a Negative Feedback Loop with LINC-PINT. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2153-2161. [PMID: 33688258 PMCID: PMC7936697 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s260371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been reported that lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 promotes the development of gastric cancer, lung cancer and breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of AGAP2-AS1 in colon cancer. Methods A total of 66 patients with colon cancer were enrolled. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the differential expression of AGAP2-AS1 in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. To test the interaction between AGAP2-AS1 and LINC-PINT in colon cancer, overexpression vector or inhibitor of AGAP2-AS1 and LINC-PINT were transfected into RKO and HCT 116 cells. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation. Transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion. The expression of p-LATS1, p-YAP and nuclear YAP were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results The expression of AGAP2-AS1 was upregulated in colon cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, and the expression of AGAP2-AS1 in colon cancer tissues was not significantly affected by tumor stages. In addition, we found that the expression of LINC-PINT was downregulated in colon cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues and had a reverse correlation with the expression of AGAP2-AS1 in colon cancer tissues. Moreover, overexpression of AGAP2-AS1 downregulated the expression of LINC-PINT, and overexpression of LINC-PINT also altered the expression of AGAP2-AS1 in colon cancer cells. Inhibition of AGAP2-AS1 upregulated the expression of LINC-PINT, and inhibition of LINC-PINT promoted the expression levels of AGAP2-AS1 in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, overexpression of AGAP2-AS1 could increase the proliferation, invasion and migration of colon cancer cells, while overexpression of LINC-PINT could attenuate the effects of overexpression of AGAP2-AS1 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. We also found that AGAP2-AS1 promoted colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion through the Hippo signaling. Conclusion Upregulated expression of AGAP2-AS1 promoted proliferation, invasion and migration in colon cancer by forming a negative feedback loop with LINC-PINT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liechen Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
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Wan Q, Tang M, Sun SL, Hu J, Sun ZJ, Fang YT, He TC, Zhang Y. SNHG3 promotes migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through the miR-186-5p/ZEB1 axis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:585-600. [PMID: 33594311 PMCID: PMC7868844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the development and progression of breast cancer. The lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) reportedly acts as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer; however, little is known about the biological function and oncogenic mechanisms of SNHG3 in breast cancer. We demonstrated that the expression of SNHG3 was abnormally high in breast cancer tissues and cells, and transgenic expression of SNHG3 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). The mean volume of the xenografts from the SNHG3-knockdown MCF-7 cells was lower than that of the control tumor cells. Moreover, the expression of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) increased after SNHG3 overexpression and vice versa. Overexpression of ZEB1 triggered cellular migration and invasion behaviors. Analysis of the mechanism underlying these effects suggested that SNHG3 is an effective sink for miR-186-5p and modulates ZEB1 repression, conferring an additional level to its post-transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, SNHG3 promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through miR-186-5p/ZEB1 regulation and the induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, indicating that SNHG3 is a potential treatment target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000, China
| | - Shi-Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000, China
| | - Zi-Jiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000, China
| | - Yu-Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by The Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400000, China
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Cole AJ, Dickson KA, Liddle C, Stirzaker C, Shah JS, Clifton-Bligh R, Marsh DJ. Ubiquitin chromatin remodelling after DNA damage is associated with the expression of key cancer genes and pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1011-1027. [PMID: 32458023 PMCID: PMC11072370 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the cancer-associated chromatin landscape in response to therapeutic DNA damage influences gene expression and contributes to cell fate. The central histone mark H2Bub1 results from addition of a single ubiquitin on lysine 120 of histone H2B and is an important regulator of gene expression. Following treatment with a platinum-based chemotherapeutic, there is a reduction in global levels of H2Bub1 accompanied by an increase in levels of the tumor suppressor p53. Although total H2Bub1 decreases following DNA damage, H2Bub1 is enriched downstream of transcription start sites of specific genes. Gene-specific H2Bub1 enrichment was observed at a defined group of genes that clustered into cancer-related pathways and correlated with increased gene expression. H2Bub1-enriched genes encompassed fifteen p53 target genes including PPM1D, BTG2, PLK2, MDM2, CDKN1A and BBC3, genes related to ERK/MAPK signalling, those participating in nucleotide excision repair including XPC, and genes involved in the immune response and platinum drug resistance including POLH. Enrichment of H2Bub1 at key cancer-related genes may function to regulate gene expression and influence the cellular response to therapeutic DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Cole
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Magee Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristie-Ann Dickson
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Stirzaker
- Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jaynish S Shah
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah J Marsh
- Hormones and Cancer Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Translational Oncology Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Single-cell long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptome implicates MALAT1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33495450 PMCID: PMC7835365 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence suggests added benefit for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in a subset of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Herein we identified the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcriptional landscape associated with TNBC resistance to NAC, employing 1758 single cells from three extinction and three persistence TNBC patients. Using Iterative Clustering and Guide-gene Selection (ICGS) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) dimensionality reduction analysis, we observed single cells derived from each patient to largely cluster together. Comparing the lncRNA transcriptome from single cells through the course of NAC treatment revealed minimal overlap based on lncRNA transcriptome, suggesting substantial effects of NAC on lncRNA transcription. The differential analysis revealed upregulation of 202 and downregulation of 19 lncRNAs in the persistence group, including upregulation of five different transcripts encoding for the MALAT1 lncRNA. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated MALAT1 promoter deletion in BT-549 TNBC model enhanced sensitivity to paclitaxel and doxorubicin, suggesting a role for MALAT1 in conferring resistance. Mechanistically, whole transcriptome analysis of MALAT1-KO cells revealed multiple affected mechanistic networks as well as oxidative phosphorylation canonical and angiogenesis functional category. Interestingly, lncRNA profiling of MALAT1-depleted TNBC also revealed a number of altered lncRNAs in response to MALAT1 deletion, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between MALAT1 and a number of lncRNAs, including NEAT1, USP3-AS1, and LINC-PINT, in TNBC. Elevated expression of MALAT1, USP3-AS1, and LINC-PINT correlated with worse clinical outcomes in BC patients. Our data revealed the lncRNA transactional portrait and highlighted a complex regulatory network orchestrated by MALAT1 in the context of TNBC resistance to NAC therapy.
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Constanty F, Shkumatava A. lncRNAs in development and differentiation: from sequence motifs to functional characterization. Development 2021; 148:148/1/dev182741. [PMID: 33441380 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with characterized developmental and cellular functions continues to increase, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNA functions, and how they are dictated by RNA sequences, remains limited. Relatively short, conserved sequence motifs embedded in lncRNA transcripts are often important determinants of lncRNA localization, stability and interactions. Identifying such RNA motifs remains challenging due to the substantial length of lncRNA transcripts and the rapid evolutionary turnover of lncRNA sequences. Nevertheless, the recent discovery of specific RNA elements, together with their experimental interrogation, has enabled the first step in classifying heterogeneous lncRNAs into sub-groups with similar molecular mechanisms and functions. In this Review, we focus on lncRNAs with roles in development, cell differentiation and normal physiology in vertebrates, and we discuss the sequence elements defining their functions. We also summarize progress on the discovery of regulatory RNA sequence elements, as well as their molecular functions and interaction partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Constanty
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alena Shkumatava
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris 75005, France
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Zhu H, Chen Z, Shen L, Tang T, Yang M, Zheng X. Long Noncoding RNA LINC-PINT Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and EMT by Blocking Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Glioblastoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:586653. [PMID: 33505307 PMCID: PMC7832092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive glioma with high invasive potential. Recent studies proved the involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in increasing the malignancy and invasiveness of GBM. LncRNAs have been verified to play pivotal roles in human disease including GBM. However, the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated EMT in GBM remain largely unknown. LINC-PINT, a LncRNA which has never been studied in GBM before, was predicted to be negatively associated with EMT in GBM. This study aimed to explore the biological function and the EMT relevance of LINC-PINT in GBM and further explore the molecular mechanism. Methods: The bioinformatic prediction data of LINC-PINT in GBM was derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database by R software and GEPIA website. qRT-PCR assay was performed to detect the expression level of LINC-PINT in GBM cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), clone formation, transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to determine the biological function of LINC-PINT in vivo. Tumor xenograft experiment and tumor peritoneal metastasis experiments were performed to verify the in vivo function. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining assays were carried out to detect the relevance of LINC-PINT with EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Rescue assays were performed to check the regulation mechanism of LINC-PINT/Wnt signaling/EMT axis in GBM. Results: LINC-PINT was downregulated in GBM cell lines. LINC-PINT suppressed cell progression, invasion, and EMT in GBM. LINC-PINT blocked Wnt/β-catenin signaling in GBM. Conclusion: LINC-PINT suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT by blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshuo Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesheng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kleshnin A, Monet L, Plays M, Vaysset H, Rougeulle C, Vagner S. Amid darkness, light will prevail – a report on the 2020 annual SFC meeting on “Dark genome and Cancer”. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:129-132. [PMID: 33422339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kleshnin
- École polytechnique, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Léa Monet
- École polytechnique, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Marina Plays
- École polytechnique, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Hugo Vaysset
- École polytechnique, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Claire Rougeulle
- Université de Paris, epigenetics and cell fate, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Stéphan Vagner
- Institut Curie, PSL research university, Paris-Saclay university, CNRS UMR3348, Inserm U1278, 91405 Orsay cedex, France.
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70
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Abstract
Evidence accumulated over the past decade shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely expressed and have key roles in gene regulation. Recent studies have begun to unravel how the biogenesis of lncRNAs is distinct from that of mRNAs and is linked with their specific subcellular localizations and functions. Depending on their localization and their specific interactions with DNA, RNA and proteins, lncRNAs can modulate chromatin function, regulate the assembly and function of membraneless nuclear bodies, alter the stability and translation of cytoplasmic mRNAs and interfere with signalling pathways. Many of these functions ultimately affect gene expression in diverse biological and physiopathological contexts, such as in neuronal disorders, immune responses and cancer. Tissue-specific and condition-specific expression patterns suggest that lncRNAs are potential biomarkers and provide a rationale to target them clinically. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms of lncRNA biogenesis, localization and functions in transcriptional, post-transcriptional and other modes of gene regulation, and their potential therapeutic applications.
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71
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Ramírez-Colmenero A, Oktaba K, Fernandez-Valverde SL. Evolution of Genome-Organizing Long Non-coding RNAs in Metazoans. Front Genet 2020; 11:589697. [PMID: 33329735 PMCID: PMC7734150 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.589697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important regulatory functions across eukarya. It is now clear that many of these functions are related to gene expression regulation through their capacity to recruit epigenetic modifiers and establish chromatin interactions. Several lncRNAs have been recently shown to participate in modulating chromatin within the spatial organization of the genome in the three-dimensional space of the nucleus. The identification of lncRNA candidates is challenging, as it is their functional characterization. Conservation signatures of lncRNAs are different from those of protein-coding genes, making identifying lncRNAs under selection a difficult task, and the homology between lncRNAs may not be readily apparent. Here, we review the evidence for these higher-order genome organization functions of lncRNAs in animals and the evolutionary signatures they display.
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Affiliation(s)
- América Ramírez-Colmenero
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, México
| | - Katarzyna Oktaba
- Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, México
| | - Selene L Fernandez-Valverde
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, México
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72
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Olivero CE, Dimitrova N. Identification and characterization of functional long noncoding RNAs in cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:15630-15646. [PMID: 33058262 PMCID: PMC7756267 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001951r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in a variety of cellular processes that influence disease states. In particular, many lncRNAs are genetically or epigenetically deregulated in cancer. However, whether lncRNA alterations are passengers acquired during cancer progression or can act as tumorigenic drivers is a topic of ongoing investigation. In this review, we examine the current methodologies underlying the identification of cancer-associated lncRNAs and highlight important considerations for evaluating their biological significance as cancer drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane E. Olivero
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
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73
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Brocker CN, Kim D, Melia T, Karri K, Velenosi TJ, Takahashi S, Aibara D, Bonzo JA, Levi M, Waxman DJ, Gonzalez FJ. Long non-coding RNA Gm15441 attenuates hepatic inflammasome activation in response to PPARA agonism and fasting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5847. [PMID: 33203882 PMCID: PMC7673042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular mechanisms that prevent inflammation during caloric restriction may yield promising therapeutic targets. During fasting, activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) promotes the utilization of lipids as an energy source. Herein, we show that ligand activation of PPARα directly upregulates the long non-coding RNA gene Gm15441 through PPARα binding sites within its promoter. Gm15441 expression suppresses its antisense transcript, encoding thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). This, in turn, decreases TXNIP-stimulated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, caspase-1 (CASP1) cleavage, and proinflammatory interleukin 1β (IL1B) maturation. Gm15441-null mice were developed and shown to be more susceptible to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and to exhibit elevated CASP1 and IL1B cleavage in response to PPARα agonism and fasting. These findings provide evidence for a mechanism by which PPARα attenuates hepatic inflammasome activation in response to metabolic stress through induction of lncRNA Gm15441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tisha Melia
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jessica A Bonzo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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74
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Li XL, Pongor L, Tang W, Das S, Muys BR, Jones MF, Lazar SB, Dangelmaier EA, Hartford CCR, Grammatikakis I, Hao Q, Sun Q, Schetter A, Martindale JL, Tang B, Jenkins LM, Robles AI, Walker RL, Ambs S, Chari R, Shabalina SA, Gorospe M, Hussain SP, Harris CC, Meltzer PS, Prasanth KV, Aladjem MI, Andresson T, Lal A. A small protein encoded by a putative lncRNA regulates apoptosis and tumorigenicity in human colorectal cancer cells. eLife 2020; 9:e53734. [PMID: 33112233 PMCID: PMC7673786 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often associated with polysomes, indicating coding potential. However, only a handful of endogenous proteins encoded by putative lncRNAs have been identified and assigned a function. Here, we report the discovery of a putative gastrointestinal-tract-specific lncRNA (LINC00675) that is regulated by the pioneer transcription factor FOXA1 and encodes a conserved small protein of 79 amino acids which we termed FORCP (FOXA1-Regulated Conserved Small Protein). FORCP transcript is undetectable in most cell types but is abundant in well-differentiated colorectal cancer (CRC) cells where it functions to inhibit proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumorigenesis. The epitope-tagged and endogenous FORCP protein predominantly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In response to ER stress, FORCP depletion results in decreased apoptosis. Our findings on the initial characterization of FORCP demonstrate that FORCP is a novel, conserved small protein encoded by a mis-annotated lncRNA that regulates apoptosis and tumorigenicity in well-differentiated CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ling Li
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Lőrinc Pongor
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederickUnited States
| | - Bruna R Muys
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Matthew F Jones
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Sarah B Lazar
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Emily A Dangelmaier
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Corrine CR Hartford
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
| | - Qinyu Hao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Qinyu Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Aaron Schetter
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Martindale
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - BinWu Tang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Ana I Robles
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Robert L Walker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Svetlana A Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - S Perwez Hussain
- Pancreatic Cancer Unit, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Molecular Genetics and Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, CCR, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, IncFrederickUnited States
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaUnited States
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75
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Genome-wide detection and sequence conservation analysis of long non-coding RNA during hair follicle cycle of yak. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:681. [PMID: 32998696 PMCID: PMC7528256 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as an important regulator has been demonstrated playing an indispensable role in the biological process of hair follicles (HFs) growth. However, their function and expression profile in the HFs cycle of yak are yet unknown. Only a few functional lncRNAs have been identified, partly due to the low sequence conservation and lack of identified conserved properties in lncRNAs. Here, lncRNA-seq was employed to detect the expression profile of lncRNAs during the HFs cycle of yak, and the sequence conservation of two datasets between yak and cashmere goat during the HFs cycle was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 2884 lncRNAs were identified in 5 phases (Jan., Mar., Jun., Aug., and Oct.) during the HFs cycle of yak. Then, differential expression analysis between 3 phases (Jan., Mar., and Oct.) was performed, revealing that 198 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were obtained in the Oct.-vs-Jan. group, 280 DELs were obtained in the Jan.-vs-Mar. group, and 340 DELs were obtained in the Mar.-vs-Oct. group. Subsequently, the nearest genes of lncRNAs were searched as the potential target genes and used to explore the function of DELs by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Several critical pathways involved in HFs development such as Wnt signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, were enriched. To further screen key lncRNAs influencing the HFs cycle, 24 DELs with differ degree of sequence conservation were obtained via a comparative analysis of partial DELs with previously published lncRNA-seq data of cashmere goat in the HFs cycle using NCBI BLAST-2.9.0+, and 3 DELs of them were randomly selected for further detailed analysis of the sequence conservation properties. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the expression pattern and potential function of lncRNAs during HFs cycle of yak, which would expand the knowledge about the role of lncRNAs in the HFs cycle. The findings related to sequence conservation properties of lncRNAs in the HFs cycle between the two species may provide valuable insights into the study of lncRNA functionality and mechanism.
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76
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Sun Q, Song YJ, Prasanth KV. One locus with two roles: microRNA-independent functions of microRNA-host-gene locus-encoded long noncoding RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1625. [PMID: 32945142 PMCID: PMC7965793 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins. LncRNAs play crucial regulatory roles in several biological processes via diverse mechanisms and their aberrant expression is associated with various diseases. LncRNA genes are further subcategorized based on their relative organization in the genome. MicroRNA (miRNA)-host-gene-derived lncRNAs (lnc-MIRHGs) refer to lncRNAs whose genes also harbor miRNAs. There exists crosstalk between the processing of lnc-MIRHGs and the biogenesis of the encoded miRNAs. Although the functions of the encoded miRNAs are usually well understood, whether those lnc-MIRHGs play independent functions are not fully elucidated. Here, we review our current understanding of lnc-MIRHGs, including their biogenesis, function, and mechanism of action, with a focus on discussing the miRNA-independent functions of lnc-MIRHGs, including their involvement in cancer. Our current understanding of lnc-MIRHGs strongly indicates that this class of lncRNAs could play important roles in basic cellular events as well as in diseases. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - You Jin Song
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kannanganattu V Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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77
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Li L, Lv G, Wang B, Ma H. Long Non-Coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Promotes Multidrug Resistance in Chordoma by Functioning as a Molecular Sponge of miR-27b-3p and Subsequently Increasing ATF2 Expression. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:7847-7853. [PMID: 32922083 PMCID: PMC7457737 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chordoma, a rare bone tumor, occurs most commonly at the sacrococcygeal and skull base region. To date, chemotherapy is used to treat patients with advanced-stage chordoma. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) greatly hinders the effect of chemotherapy in chordoma. Here, we studied the correlation between KCNQ1OT1 and chemotherapy resistance. Methods RT-PCR assay was used to examine KCNQ1OT1, miR-27b-3p, and ATF2 mRNA expression. CCK8 assay was exercised to detect IC50 values of cisplatin in chordoma cells. ATF2 protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results KCNQ1OT1 was increased in chemotherapy-resistant patients and cisplatin-resistant cells, and downregulation of KCNQ1OT1 expression weakened MDR in chordoma. In addition, KCNQ1OT1 promoted MDR in chordoma by sponging miR-27b-3p and subsequently increasing ATF2 expression. Conclusion KCNQ1OT1 is proved to be strikingly raised in the chemotherapy-resistant group and to promote MDR in chordoma. Our findings demonstrated the role of the KCNQ1OT1/miR-27b-3p/ATF2 axis in MDR of chordoma, which provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of chordoma MDR, and may determine the effect of therapy after receiving chemotherapy by detecting the expression of KCNQ1OT1 in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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78
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Chen S, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Wu M, Liu L. Non-coding RNAs, guardians of the p53 galaxy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 75:72-83. [PMID: 32927018 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The TP53 gene is arguably the most important tumor suppressor gene known, contributing multifaceted roles to the process of tumor development. Its protein product p53, is a crucial sequence-specific transcription factor which regulates the expression of a large network of protein-coding genes, as well as thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), notably microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs). Through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms, ncRNAs in turn modulate p53 levels and activity. Here the numbers of studies are steadily building which link the contributions of dysregulated ncRNAs to tumorigenesis via their participation throughout the p53 regulatory network. In this review, we will examine how the principal forms of ncRNAs, namely microRNAs, lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs) function as either effectors or regulators amongst the diversity of p53's cellular responses. We first discuss the more recently discovered connections between miRNAs and p53 signaling before focusing on the remarkable diversity of crosstalk evident between lncRNAs and p53, and subsequently, developing reports linking circRNAs to p53. Highlighted throughout the review are the mechanistic impacts of dysregulated ncRNAs on p53 functions as well as the possible prognostic implications of these interactions. We also describe the emerging connections between ncRNAs and the often-perplexing functions of mutant p53. Finally, in the context of p53 therapeutic approaches, we describe some of the challenges in ncRNA research and their potential for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, the University of Newcastle, NSW, 2258, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, the University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mian Wu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China; Molecular Pathology Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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79
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Fathi Dizaji B. Strategies to target long non-coding RNAs in cancer treatment: progress and challenges. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs are important regulators of gene expression and diverse biological processes. Their aberrant expression contributes to a verity of diseases including cancer development and progression, providing them with great potential to be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Therefore, they can have a key role in personalized cancer medicine.
This review aims at introducing possible strategies to target long ncRNAs therapeutically in cancer. Also, chemical modification of nucleic acid-based therapeutics to improve their pharmacological properties is explained. Then, approaches for the systematic delivery of reagents into the tumor cells or organs are briefly discussed, followed by describing obstacles to the expansion of the therapeutics.
Main text
Long ncRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, whose activity can modulate all hallmarks of cancer. They are expressed in a very restricted spatial and temporal pattern and can be easily detected in the cells or biological fluids of patients. These properties make them excellent targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Targeting methods aim to attenuate oncogenic lncRNAs or interfere with lncRNA functions to prevent carcinogenesis. Numerous strategies including suppression of oncogenic long ncRNAs, alternation of their epigenetic effects, interfering with their function, restoration of downregulated or lost long ncRNAs, and recruitment of long ncRNAs regulatory elements and expression patterns are recommended for targeting long ncRNAs therapeutically in cancer. These approaches have shown inhibitory effects on malignancy. In this regard, proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells have been inhibited and apoptosis has been induced in different cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of oncogenic long ncRNAs and upregulation of some growth factors (e.g., neurotrophic factor) have been achieved.
Conclusions
Targeting long non-coding RNAs therapeutically in cancer and efficient and safe delivery of the reagents have been rarely addressed. Only one clinical trial involving lncRNAs has been reported. Among different technologies, RNAi is the most commonly used and effective tool to target lncRNAs. However, other technologies need to be examined and further research is essential to put lncRNAs into clinical practice.
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80
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Protein-Related Circular RNAs in Human Pathologies. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081841. [PMID: 32781555 PMCID: PMC7463956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinct family of RNAs derived from alternative splicing which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by acting as microRNA (miRNA) and RNA binding protein (RBP) sponges. However, recent studies have also reported the multifunctional potential of these particles. Under different conditions, circRNAs not only regulate protein synthesis, destination, and degradation but can serve as protein scaffolds or recruiters and are also able to produce short peptides with active biological functions. circRNAs are under ongoing investigation because of their close association with the development of diseases. Some circRNAs are reportedly expressed in a tissue- and development stage-specific manner. Furthermore, due to other features of circRNAs, including their stability, conservation, and high abundance in bodily fluids, they are believed to be potential biomarkers for various diseases, including cancers. In this review, we focus on providing a summary of the current knowledge on circRNA-protein interactions. We present the properties and functions of circRNAs, the possible mechanisms of their translation abilities, and the emerging functions of circRNA-derived peptides in human pathologies.
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81
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Chen J, Zhu M, Zou L, Xia J, Huang J, Deng Q, Xu R. Long non-coding RNA LINC-PINT attenuates paclitaxel resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells via targeting the RNA-binding protein NONO. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:801-809. [PMID: 32632453 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) relies largely on chemotherapies. However, it is frequent that TNBC patients develop resistance to the chemotherapy drugs. Generation of drug-resistant cell lines facilitates the identification of drug resistance. Here, we established two paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant TNBC cancer cell lines using an intermittent and stepwise method and found that long non-coding RNA long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) was significantly decreased in PTX-resistant cancer cells. Ectopic expression of LINC-PINT sensitized both PTX-resistant TNBC and wild-type TNBC to PTX. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation showed that LINC-PINT bound to RNA-binding protein NONO. Overexpression of LINC-PINT resulted in the degradation of NONO in a proteasome-dependent manner and vice versa. Knockdown of NONO with siRNA sensitized TNBC to PTX. We further analyzed the expression level of LINC-PINT and NONO in patient samples via online database and found that LINC-PINT and NONO may function antagonistically in all types of breast cancers. Taken together, our data illustrated a tumor suppressor role of LINC-PINT in sensitizing TNBC to chemotherapies via destabilizing NONO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Meiqin Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Liqiu Zou
- Department of Radiology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Junxian Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Quantong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ruilian Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
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Yang T, Chen WC, Shi PC, Liu MR, Jiang T, Song H, Wang JQ, Fan RZ, Pei DS, Song J. Long noncoding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by cis-regulating the nearby gene MK5 and acting as a let-7f-1-3p sponge. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:139. [PMID: 32690100 PMCID: PMC7370515 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered critical regulators in cancers; however, the clinical significance and mechanisms of MAPKAPK5-AS1 (hereinafter referred to as MK5-AS1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain mostly unknown. METHODS In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting were utilized to detect the levels of MK5-AS1, let-7f-1-3p and MK5 (MAPK activated protein kinase 5) in CRC tissues and cell lines. The biological functions of MK5-AS1, let-7f-1-3p and MK5 in CRC cells were explored using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation and transwell assays. The potential mechanisms of MK5-AS1 were evaluated by RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), dual luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and bioinformatics analysis. The effects of MK5-AS1 and MK5 on CRC were investigated by a xenotransplantation model. RESULTS We confirmed that MK5-AS1 was significantly increased in CRC tissues. Knockdown of MK5-AS1 suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and inhibited lung metastasis in mice. Mechanistically, MK5-AS1 regulated SNAI1 expression by sponging let-7f-1-3p and cis-regulated the adjacent gene MK5. Moreover, MK5-AS1 recruited RBM4 and eIF4A1 to promote the translation of MK5. Our study verified that MK5 promoted the phosphorylation of c-Jun, which activated the transcription of SNAI1 by directly binding to its promoter. CONCLUSIONS MK5-AS1 cis-regulated the nearby gene MK5 and acted as a let-7f-1-3p sponge, playing a vital role in CRC tumorigenesis. This study could provide novel insights into molecular therapeutic targets of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- grid.413389.4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Wei-Cong Chen
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Pei-Cong Shi
- grid.413389.4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Man-Ru Liu
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tao Jiang
- grid.413389.4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hu Song
- grid.413389.4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- grid.413389.4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Rui-Zhi Fan
- grid.413389.4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jun Song
- grid.413389.4Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Institute of Digestive Diseases of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002 Jiangsu Province China
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Jiang JJ, Kong QP. Comparative analysis of long noncoding RNAs in long-lived mammals provides insights into natural cancer-resistance. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1657-1665. [PMID: 32635806 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1792116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse and rats are staple model organisms that have been traditionally used for oncological studies; however, their short lifespan and highly prone to cancers limit their utilizationsin understanding the mechanisms of cancer resistance. In recent years, several studies of the non-standard long-lived mammalian species like naked mole rat (NMR) have provided new insights of mechanisms in natural anti-cancer. How long-lived species genetically maintain longevity and cancer-resistance remains largely elusive. To better understand the underlying anti-cancer mechanisms in long-lived mammals, we genome widely identified long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts of two longevous mammals, bowhead whale (BW, Balaena mysticetus) and Brandt's bat (BB, Myotis brandtii) and featured their sequence traits, expression patterns, and their correlations with cancer-resistance. Similar with naked mole rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber), the most long-lived rodent, BW and BB lncRNAs show low sequence conservation and dynamic expressions among tissues and physiological stages. By utilizing k-mers clustering, 75-136 of BW, BB and NMR lncRNAs were found in close relation (Pearson's r ≥0.9, p < 0.01) with human ageing diseases related lncRNAs (HAR-Lncs). In addition, we observed thousands of BB and BW lncRNAs strongly co-expressed (r > 0.8 or r <-0.8, p < 0.01) with potential tumour suppressors, indicating that lncRNAs are potentially involved in anti-cancer regulation in long-lived mammals. Our study provides the basis for lncRNA researches in perspectives of evolution and anti-cancer studies. Abbreviations: BW: bowhead whale; BB: Brandt's bat; NMR: naked mole rat; LLM: long-lived mammal; HTS: human tumour-suppressors; PTS: potential tumour suppressor; ARD: ageing related diseases; HAR-Lncs: lncRNAs that related with human ageing diseases; Kmer-lncs: lncRNAs in long-lived mammal species that corelated (Pearson'sr ≥0.9, p < 0.01) with the 10 HAR-Lncs by k-mers clustering; All-lncs: all the lncRNAs in long-lived mammal species; SDE-lncs: significant differentially expressed lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming, China.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China.,KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
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84
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Chen S, Ding J, Wang Y, Lu T, Wang L, Gao X, Chen H, Qu L, He C. RNA-Seq Profiling of Circular RNAs and the Oncogenic Role of circPVT1 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6777-6788. [PMID: 32764965 PMCID: PMC7367724 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s252233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is associated with a poor 5-year survival rate. circRNAs have an important role in a number of physiological and pathological processes. However, the relationship between circRNAs and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is unclear. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of circRNAs in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and its effect on CSCC proliferation and metastasis. Methods We used high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify circRNAs that were differentially in CSCC tissue and their paracarcinoma tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR results confirm deep-sequencing findings in CSCC tissue and cell lines. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of circPVT1 on the proliferation and migration of CSCC cells. Results We identified 449 circRNAs that were differentially expressed between CSCC and normal adjacent tissue samples. circPVT1 (hsa_circ_0001821) was further researched to confirm its oncogene role in CSCC. Conclusion Differentially expressed circular RNA plays an important role in the development of CSCC, and circPVT1 may be an important target for the treatment of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Ding
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongduo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundi He
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Wang J, Zhao Q. LncRNA LINC-PINT increases SOCS1 expression by sponging miR-155-5p to inhibit the activation of ERK signaling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts induced by TNF-α. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Transcription factor p53 is activated in response to numerous stress stimuli in order to promote repair and survival or death of abnormal cells. For decades, regulatory mechanisms and downstream targets that execute the many biological functions of tumour suppressor p53 largely focused on the products of protein-coding genes. Recently, an entirely new class of molecules, termed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), were discovered as key regulatory players in shaping p53 activity and biological outcomes. Many p53-regulated lncRNAs are now reported to either directly or indirectly intervene in p53-regulatory networks, generally in fine-tuning p53's tumour surveillance programme. Recent studies reveal that signals that converge upon p53 to regulate its activity, and molecules that implement downstream p53-response include both proteins and lncRNAs. In this review, we discuss the non-proteomic component of p53-regulatory networks, focusing on lncRNAs regulated by p53 and/or that regulate p53 activity, and their impact on biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav K Jain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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87
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Zhao Y, Teng H, Yao F, Yap S, Sun Y, Ma L. Challenges and Strategies in Ascribing Functions to Long Noncoding RNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061458. [PMID: 32503290 PMCID: PMC7352683 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as development, aging, immunity, and cancer. Mechanistically, lncRNAs exert their functions through interaction with proteins, genomic DNA, and other RNA, leading to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, either in cis or in trans; it is often difficult to distinguish between these two regulatory mechanisms. A variety of approaches, including RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides, CRISPR-based methods, and genetically engineered mouse models, have yielded abundant information about lncRNA functions and underlying mechanisms, albeit with many discrepancies. In this review, we elaborate on the challenges in ascribing functions to lncRNAs based on the features of lncRNAs, including the genomic location, copy number, domain structure, subcellular localization, stability, evolution, and expression pattern. We also describe a framework for the investigation of lncRNA functions and mechanisms of action. Rigorous characterization of cancer-implicated lncRNAs is critical for the identification of bona fide anticancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (F.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hongqi Teng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (F.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (F.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shannon Yap
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (F.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.Z.); (H.T.); (F.Y.); (S.Y.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-792-6590
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LINC-PINT Suppresses the Aggressiveness of Thyroid Cancer by Downregulating miR-767-5p to Induce TET2 Expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:319-328. [PMID: 33230437 PMCID: PMC7527623 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) long intergenic nonprotein-coding RNA, p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) has shown anti-invasive activity in lung and colon cancer cells. However, the role of LINC-PINT in thyroid cancer is unclear. In the present work, we explored the expression of LINC-PINT in 60 paired thyroid cancer and adjacent normal tissues. The clinical significance and biological function of LINC-PINT in thyroid cancer were determined. LINC-PINT expression was downregulated in thyroid cancer relative to adjacent normal tissues (p = 0.0002). Low expression of LINC-PINT was significantly associated with advanced tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.0306) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0359). Ectopic expression of LINC-PINT suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer cells. Mechanistically, LINC-PINT associated with and downregulated microRNA (miR)-767-5p. Moreover, LINC-PINT overexpression relieved miR-767-5p-mediated repression of ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2). miR-767-5p promoted aggressiveness of thyroid cancer, which was reversed by overexpression of TET2. Coexpression of miR-767-5p or depletion of TET2 rescued the inhibitory effect of LINC-PINT on thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, there was a negative correlation between miR-767-5p and LINC-PINT in thyroid cancer (r = -0.34772, p = 0.01789). Taken together, LINC-PINT functions as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer via the miR-767-5p/TET2 axis, representing a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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89
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Advances in DNA Repair-Emerging Players in the Arena of Eukaryotic DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113934. [PMID: 32486270 PMCID: PMC7313471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic DNA is constantly damaged by factors produced during natural metabolic processes as well as agents coming from the external environment. Considering such a wide array of damaging agents, eukaryotic cells have evolved a DNA damage response (DRR) that opposes the influence of deleterious factors. Despite the broad knowledge regarding DNA damage and repair, new areas of research are emerging. New players in the field of DDR are constantly being discovered. The aim of this study is to review current knowledge regarding the roles of sirtuins, heat shock proteins, long-noncoding RNAs and the circadian clock in DDR and distinguish new agents that may have a prominent role in DNA damage response and repair.
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90
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Wang X, Wang C, Xu H, Xie H. Long Non-Coding RNA SLC25A21-AS1 Promotes Multidrug Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Regulating miR-324-3p/IL-6 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3949-3957. [PMID: 32547230 PMCID: PMC7264158 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s251820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), one of the most common types of head and neck tumor, occurred in the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx and is mainly prevalent in Southeast Asia and Southern China. However, the molecular mechanisms of NPC multidrug resistance still remained largely unclear. Methods The qRT-PCR assay was performed to examine SLC25A21-AS1, miR-324-3p and IL-6 expression in NPC tissues and cell. The CCK8 assay and colony formation assay were used to detect cell growth. In addition, CCK8 assay was performed to detect IC50 values of different drugs in NPC cell. Results In this study, we found that SLC25A21-AS1 expression was increased in NPC tissues and cell line, and knockdown of SLC25A21-AS1 inhibited cell growth and MDR in NPC cell. Moreover, SLC25A21-AS1 acted as a ceRNA for miR-324-3p and facilitates NPC cell growth and MDR by regulating the miR-324-3p/IL-6 axis. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated the role of SLC25A21-AS1/miR-324-3p/IL-6 axis in cell growth and MDR in NPC, which might be a potential prognostic and diagnostic marker in NPC patients and provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of MDR in NPC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Liangxiang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Liangxiang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Liangxiang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
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Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051245. [PMID: 32429086 PMCID: PMC7281179 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is a kind of noncoding RNA, is generally characterized as being more than 200 nucleotide transcripts in length. LncRNAs exhibit many biological activities, including, but not limited to, cancer development. In this review, a search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. The term "lncRNA or long non-coding RNA" was combined with a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review: mechanism, structure, regulation, and cancer. The eligibility of the retrieved studies was mainly based on the abstract. The decision as to whether or not the study was included in this review was made after a careful assessment of its content. The reference lists were also checked to identify any other study that could be relevant to this review. We first summarized the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis, including competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, epigenetic regulation, decoy and scaffold mechanisms, mRNA and protein stability regulation, transcriptional and translational regulation, miRNA processing regulation, and the architectural role of lncRNAs, which will help a broad audience better understand how lncRNAs work in cancer. Second, we introduced recent studies to elucidate the structure of lncRNAs, as there is a link between lncRNA structure and function and visualizing the architectural domains of lncRNAs is vital to understanding their function. Third, we explored emerging evidence for regulators of lncRNA expression, lncRNA turnover, and lncRNA modifications (including 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, and adenosine to inosine editing), highlighting the dynamics of lncRNAs. Finally, we used autophagy in cancer as an example to interpret the diverse mechanisms of lncRNAs and introduced clinical trials of lncRNA-based cancer therapies.
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Rong H, Chen B, Ma K, Wei X, Peng J, Zhu J. Downregulation of lncRNA LINC-PINT Participates in the Recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly by Interacting miRNA-21. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 36:273-279. [PMID: 32401035 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: LncRNA long intergenic non-protein coding RNA p53 induced transcript (LINC-PINT) is downregulated in multiple types of cancer cells. The authors explored the possible involvement of LINC-PINT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: Sixty-two patients with early-stage ESCC were included in this study. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect gene expression in plasma from ESCC patients and healthy controls. Diagnostic analysis was performed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Transfections were performed to analyze gene interactions. Cell invasion and migration were analyzed by Transwell assays. Results: Plasma LINC-PINT was downregulated and microRNA (miRNA)-21 was upregulated in early-stage ESCC patients. Diagnostic analysis by ROC curve revealed that downregulation of lncRNA LINC-PINT distinguished ESCC patients from healthy controls. Plasma levels of LINC-PINT and miRNA-21 were negatively correlated in ESCC patients. After surgical resection, only local recurrence was observed during 3-years of follow-up. LINC-PINT expression was further downregulated in recurrent patients but not in nonrecurrent patients. ROC curve analysis revealed that plasma levels of LINC-PINT at 12 months before recurrence can be used to distinguish ESCC patients from healthy controls. Overexpression of LINC-PINT could inhibit the expression of miRNA-21 in human ESCC cells, whereas LINC-PINT expression was not altered by miR-21 overexpression. Conclusion: Therefore, downregulation of LINC-PINT participated in the recurrence of ESCC possibly by interacting with miRNA-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Rong
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu City, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu City, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu City, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu City, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu City, P.R. China
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Hou C, Wang X, Du B. lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 promotes the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting miR-363-5p. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:978-984. [PMID: 32742341 PMCID: PMC7388416 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to study the mechanism of the long non-coding (lnc)RNA MCM3AP-AS1 in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Patients with OSCC (n=36) volunteered to join the study, and their tumor/normal tissues were collected. MCM3AP-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-363-5p expression in tissues and cells was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR. Following transfection, a CCK-8 assay and Transwell experiments were conducted to explore the effects of MCM3AP-AS1 on OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The interaction between MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-363-5p was detected by luciferase reporter gene assay. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated significantly higher MCM3AP-AS1 expression in tumor tissues or OSCC cells compared with normal tissues or human oral keratinocytes cells (P<0.05). A high MCM3AP-AS1 level was associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared to the small interfering (si)-negative control (NC) group, OSCC cells of si-MCM3AP-AS1 group exhibited markedly lower optical density (at 450 nm) value and relative migration and invasion (P<0.05). miR-363-5p was directly inhibited by MCM3AP-AS1. OSCC cells of si-MCM3AP-AS1 + inhibitor-NC group exhibited clearly lower relative proliferation, migration and invasion compared with cells of si-NC + inhibitor-NC group and si-MCM3AP-AS1 + miR-363-5p inhibitor group (P<0.05). MCM3AP-AS1 promoted OSCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion by inhibiting miR-363-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hou
- Department of Stomatology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Stomatology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, P.R. China
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94
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Kong S, Tao M, Shen X, Ju S. Translatable circRNAs and lncRNAs: Driving mechanisms and functions of their translation products. Cancer Lett 2020; 483:59-65. [PMID: 32360179 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are functional RNA segments longer than 200 nucleotides, which are considered a redundant transcriptional product. Recently, lncRNAs have been shown to harbor open reading frame (ORF) sequences and encode proteins/peptides. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have long been considered as another type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) due to the absence of the 5' cap structure. However, recent studies have shown that they also have ORFs in their sequences. CircRNAs can be translated into proteins via internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-driven or N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-mediated initiation. To date, several translatable circRNAs and lncRNAs have been identified in Drosophila, mice, and human myoblasts, as well as in different cancers, such as glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colon cancer. In this article, we review the mechanisms that drive translation of circRNAs and lncRNAs. Moreover, we discuss the research methods and tools available to identify their translation products and validate the function of these bioactive proteins/peptides in physiology and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianjuan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China; Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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95
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Bao-Caamano A, Rodriguez-Casanova A, Diaz-Lagares A. Epigenetics of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1220:117-134. [PMID: 32304083 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35805-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy based on the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has emerged as an important field of research. Molecular characterization of CTCs can provide insights into cancer biology and biomarkers for the clinic, representing a non-invasive powerful tool for monitoring breast cancer metastasis and predict the therapeutic response. Epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in the control of gene expression and their alteration contributes to cancer development and progression. These epigenetic modifications in CTCs have been described mainly related to modifications of the DNA methylation pattern and changes in the expression profile of noncoding RNAs. Here we summarize the recent findings on the epigenetic characterization of CTCs in breast cancer and their clinical value as tumor biomarkers, and discuss challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Bao-Caamano
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aitor Rodriguez-Casanova
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Roche-Chus Joint Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenomics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
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96
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Zhang Z, Hu X, Kuang J, Liao J, Yuan Q. LncRNA DRAIC inhibits proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through interfering with NFRKB deubiquitination mediated by UCHL5. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:29. [PMID: 32351584 PMCID: PMC7183705 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as a widespread and pivotal epigenetic molecule participates in the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. DRAIC, a kind of lncRNA whose coding gene location is on 15q23 chromatin, has been found to be weakly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and acts as a suppressor, but its characteristics and role in gastric cancer (GC) remain to be elucidated. Methods Sixty-seven primary GC tissues and paired paracancerous normal tissues were collected. Bioinformatics is used to predict the interaction molecules of DRAIC. DRAIC and NFRKB were overexpressed or interfered exogenously in GC cells by lentivirus or transient transfection. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of DRAIC, UCHL5 and NFRKB. The combinations of DRAIC and NFRKB or UCHL5 and NFRKB were verified by RNA-IP and Co-IP assays. Ubiquitination-IP and the treatment of MG132 and CHX were used to detect the ubiquitylation level of NFRKB. The CCK-8 and transwell invasion and migration assays measured the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. Results DRAIC is down-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines while its potential interacting molecules UCHL5 and NFRKB are up-regulated, and DRAIC is positively correlated with NFRKB protein instead of mRNA. Lower DRAIC and higher UCHL5 and NFRKB indicated advanced progression of GC patients. DRAIC could increase NFRKB protein significantly instead of NFRKB mRNA and UCHL5, and bind to UCHL5. DRAIC combined with UCHL5 and attenuated binding of UCHL5 and NFRKB, meanwhile promoting the degradation of NFRKB via ubiquitination, and then inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells, which can be rescued by oeNFRKB. Conclusion DRAIC suppresses GC proliferation and metastasis via interfering with the combination of UCHL5 and NFRKB and mediating ubiquitination degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hu
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Jia Kuang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Jinmao Liao
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000 Hunan Province China
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97
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Stojic L, Lun ATL, Mascalchi P, Ernst C, Redmond AM, Mangei J, Barr AR, Bousgouni V, Bakal C, Marioni JC, Odom DT, Gergely F. A high-content RNAi screen reveals multiple roles for long noncoding RNAs in cell division. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1851. [PMID: 32296040 PMCID: PMC7160116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome stability relies on proper coordination of mitosis and cytokinesis, where dynamic microtubules capture and faithfully segregate chromosomes into daughter cells. With a high-content RNAi imaging screen targeting more than 2,000 human lncRNAs, we identify numerous lncRNAs involved in key steps of cell division such as chromosome segregation, mitotic duration and cytokinesis. Here, we provide evidence that the chromatin-associated lncRNA, linc00899, leads to robust mitotic delay upon its depletion in multiple cell types. We perform transcriptome analysis of linc00899-depleted cells and identify the neuronal microtubule-binding protein, TPPP/p25, as a target of linc00899. We further show that linc00899 binds TPPP/p25 and suppresses its transcription. In cells depleted of linc00899, upregulation of TPPP/p25 alters microtubule dynamics and delays mitosis. Overall, our comprehensive screen uncovers several lncRNAs involved in genome stability and reveals a lncRNA that controls microtubule behaviour with functional implications beyond cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Stojic
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Aaron T L Lun
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrice Mascalchi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- DRVision Technologies, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christina Ernst
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aisling M Redmond
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasmin Mangei
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Molecular Genetics, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis R Barr
- Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vicky Bousgouni
- Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Duncan T Odom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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98
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Downstream Effectors of ILK in Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040880. [PMID: 32260415 PMCID: PMC7226328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite good responses to first-line treatment with platinum-based combination chemotherapy, most ovarian cancer patients will relapse and eventually develop platinum-resistant disease with poor prognosis. Although reports suggest that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a potential target for ovarian cancer treatment, identification of ILK downstream effectors has not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular and biological effects of targeting ILK in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of ILK were higher in cisplatin-resistant compared with cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cells. Further immunohistochemical analysis of ovarian cancer patient samples showed a significant increase in phosphorylated ILK levels in the tumor tissue when compared to normal ovarian epithelium. Targeting ILK by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment reduced cisplatin-resistant cell growth and invasion ability, and increased apoptosis. Differential gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) upon ILK-siRNA transfection followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database identified multiple target genes involved in cell growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis, including several non-coding RNAs. Taken together, results from this study support ILK as an attractive target for ovarian cancer and provide potential ILK downstream effectors with prognostic and therapeutic value.
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99
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Development of a nine-lncRNA signature as a novel prognostic marker of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2979-2988. [PMID: 32218854 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be aberrantly expressed in several types of tumor, and dysregulated lncRNAs are suggested to play a prognostic role in breast cancer (BC). Estrogen receptor (ER) status is a prognostic factor in patients with ER-negative BC, which is associated with poor prognosis. Thus, the present study developed a prognostic lncRNA signature specifically for ER-negative BC, in order to predict the risk of post-surgery relapse and improve patient prognosis. A gene expression profile containing 1,631 lncRNAs was obtained by investigating and integrating publicly available cohorts of BC. Subsequently, a nine-lncRNA signature was developed and validated in two independent cohorts via the Cox regression model. Using the nine-lncRNA signature, patients in the discovery cohort were divided into high- and low-risk groups, with significantly different disease-free survival [DFS; hazard ratio (HR)=2.718, 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.115-3.494, P<0.0001]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the area under the curve reached 0.908. Similar results were obtained in the two independent cohorts (HR=1.499, 95% CI=0.950-2.365, P=0.04; HR=1.262, 95% CI=1.056-1.510, P=0.01), respectively. Furthermore, the nine lncRNAs were demonstrated to play important roles in the cell invasion and metastasis of different types of tumor. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified between the high- and low-risk groups were consistently high in the discovery and validation cohorts. Functional analysis indicated that these DEGs, as well as genes co-expressed with the nine lncRNAs, were involved in cancer-associated signaling pathways, all of which provide further evidence for the predictive ability of the nine-lncRNA signature. Overall, the present study developed a novel prognostic biomarker for ER-negative BC.
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100
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Simchovitz A, Hanan M, Yayon N, Lee S, Bennett ER, Greenberg DS, Kadener S, Soreq H. A lncRNA survey finds increases in neuroprotective LINC-PINT in Parkinson's disease substantia nigra. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13115. [PMID: 32080970 PMCID: PMC7059180 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports highlight regulatory functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in neurodegeneration and aging, but biomedical implications remain limited. Here, we report an rRNA‐depletion‐based long RNA‐Sequencing Resource of 65 substantia nigra, amygdala, and medial temporal gyrus samples from Parkinson's disease (PD) and matched control brains. Using a lncRNA‐focused analysis approach to identify functionally important transcripts, we discovered and prioritized many lncRNAs dysregulated in PD. Those included pronounced elevation of the P53‐induced noncoding transcript LINC‐PINT in the substantia nigra of PD patients, as well as in additional models of oxidative stress and PD. Intriguingly, we found that LINC‐PINT is a primarily neuronal transcript which showed conspicuous increases in maturing primary culture neurons. LINC‐PINT also accumulated in several brain regions of Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease patients and decreased with healthy brain aging, suggesting a general role in aging and neurodegeneration for this lncRNA. RNAi‐mediated depletion of LINC‐PINT exacerbated the death of cultured N2A and SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to oxidative stress, highlighting a previously undiscovered neuroprotective role for this tumor‐inducible lncRNA in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Simchovitz
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Mor Hanan
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Nadav Yayon
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Songhua Lee
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Estelle R. Bennett
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - David S. Greenberg
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | | | - Hermona Soreq
- The Department of Biological Chemistry and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
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