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Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Li J, Guan Y, He X, Jin X, Bai G, Hu L. Clinical characteristics and in silico analysis of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia combined with neurofibromatosis type 1 caused by a novel NF1 mutation. Front Genet 2022; 13:991314. [PMID: 36246612 PMCID: PMC9553987 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.991314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare congenital bone malformation, which has a strong relationship with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is an autosomal dominant disease leading to multisystem disorders. Here, we presented the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of one unique case of a five-generation Chinese family. The proband was CPT accompanied with NF1 due to NF1 mutation. The proband developed severe early-onset CPT combined with NF1 after birth. Appearance photos and X-ray images of the left limb of the proband showed significant bone malformation. Slit-lamp examination showed Lisch nodules in both eyes of the proband. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing confirmed the truncation variant of NF1 (c.871G>T, p. E291*). Sequence conservative and evolutionary conservation analysis indicated that the novel mutation (p.E291*) was highly conserved. The truncated mutation led to the loss of functional domains, including CSRD, GRD, TBD, SEC14-PH, CTD, and NLS. It may explain why the mutation led to a severe clinical feature. Our report expands the genotypic spectrum of NF1 mutations and the phenotypic spectrum of CPT combined with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Guan
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu He
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Jin
- Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- Department of Child Health Care, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guannan Bai, ; Lidan Hu,
| | - Lidan Hu
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guannan Bai, ; Lidan Hu,
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Identification of Germinal Neurofibromin Hotspots. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082044. [PMID: 36009591 PMCID: PMC9405573 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromin is engaged in many cellular processes and when the proper protein functioning is impaired, it causes neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), one of the most common inherited neurological disorders. Recent advances in sequencing and screening of the NF1 gene have increased the number of detected variants. However, the correlation of these variants with the clinic remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed 4610 germinal NF1 variants annotated in ClinVar and determined on exon level the mutational spectrum and potential pathogenic regions. Then, a binomial and sliding windows test using 783 benign and 938 pathogenic NF1 variants were analyzed against functional and structural regions of neurofibromin. The distribution of synonymous, missense, and frameshift variants are statistically significant in certain regions of neurofibromin suggesting that the type of variant and its associated phenotype may depend on protein disorder. Indeed, there is a negative correlation between the pathogenic fraction prediction and the disorder data, suggesting that the higher an intrinsically disordered region is, the lower the pathogenic fraction is and vice versa. Most pathogenic variants are associated to NF1 and our analysis suggests that GRD, CSRD, TBD, and Armadillo1 domains are hotspots in neurofibromin. Knowledge about NF1 genotype–phenotype correlations can provide prognostic guidance and aid in organ-specific surveillance.
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Functional restoration of mouse Nf1 nonsense alleles in differentiated cultured neurons. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:661-668. [PMID: 35945271 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), one of the most common autosomal dominant genetic disorders, is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. NF1 patients have a wide variety of manifestations with a subset at high risk for the development of tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). Nonsense mutations that result in the synthesis of truncated NF1 protein (neurofibromin) are strongly associated with CNS tumors. Therapeutic nonsense suppression with small molecule drugs is a potentially powerful approach to restore the expression of genes harboring nonsense mutations. Ataluren is one such drug that has been shown to restore full-length functional protein in several models of nonsense mutation diseases, as well as in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy. To test ataluren's potential applicability to NF1 nonsense mutations associated with CNS tumors, we generated a homozygous Nf1R683X/R683X-3X-FLAG mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell line which recapitulates an NF1 patient nonsense mutation (c.2041 C > T; p.Arg681X). We differentiated Nf1R683X/R683X-3X-FLAG mES cells into cortical neurons in vitro, treated the cells with ataluren, and demonstrated that ataluren can promote readthrough of the nonsense mutation at codon 683 of Nf1 mRNA in neural cells. The resulting full-length protein is able to reduce the cellular level of hyperactive phosphorylated ERK (pERK), a RAS effector normally suppressed by the NF1 protein.
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Bewley AF, Akinwe TM, Turner TN, Gutmann DH. Neurofibromatosis-1 Gene Mutational Profiles Differ Between Syndromic Disease and Sporadic Cancers. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e200003. [PMID: 37435433 PMCID: PMC10331586 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Variants in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene are not only responsible for the NF1 cancer predisposition syndrome, but also frequently identified in cancers arising in the general population. While germline variants are pathogenic, it is not known whether those that arise in cancer (somatic variants) are passenger or driver variants. To address this question, we sought to define the landscape of NF1 variants in sporadic cancers. Methods NF1 variants in sporadic cancers were compiled using data curated on the c-Bio database and compared with published germline variants and Genome Aggregation Database data. Pathogenicity was determined using Polyphen and Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant prediction tools. Results The spectrum of NF1 variants in sporadic tumors differ from those most commonly seen in individuals with NF1. In addition, the type and location of the variants in sporadic cancer differ from germline variants, where a high proportion of missense variants were found. Finally, many of the sporadic cancer NF1 variants were not predicted to be pathogenic. Discussion Taken together, these findings suggest that a significant proportion of NF1 variants in sporadic cancer may be passenger variants or hypomorphic alleles. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to define their unique roles in nonsyndromic cancer pathobiology.
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Sutcliffe EG, Mester JL, Susswein LR, Roberts ME, Marshall ML, Hruska KS. Fibroblast testing can inform medical management in individuals with mosaic variants detected on hereditary cancer panels. Cancer Genet 2022; 266-267:86-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Montella L, Del Gaudio N, Bove G, Cuomo M, Buonaiuto M, Costabile D, Visconti R, Facchini G, Altucci L, Chiariotti L, Della Monica R. Looking Beyond the Glioblastoma Mask: Is Genomics the Right Path? Front Oncol 2022; 12:926967. [PMID: 35875139 PMCID: PMC9306486 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.926967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most frequent and malignant brain tumor hallmarked by an invariably poor prognosis. They have been classically differentiated into primary isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1 -2) wild-type (wt) glioblastoma (GBM) and secondary IDH mutant GBM, with IDH wt GBMs being commonly associated with older age and poor prognosis. Recently, genetic analyses have been integrated with epigenetic investigations, strongly implementing typing and subtyping of brain tumors, including GBMs, and leading to the new WHO 2021 classification. GBM genomic and epigenomic profile influences evolution, resistance, and therapeutic responses. However, differently from other tumors, there is a wide gap between the refined GBM profiling and the limited therapeutic opportunities. In addition, the different oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes involved in glial cell transformation, the heterogeneous nature of cancer, and the restricted access of drugs due to the blood–brain barrier have limited clinical advancements. This review will summarize the more relevant genetic alterations found in GBMs and highlight their potential role as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Montella
- Oncology Operative Unit, "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 NORD-, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Bove
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariella Cuomo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michela Buonaiuto
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Davide Costabile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,SEMM-European School of Molecular Medicine, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Visconti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Oncology Operative Unit, "Santa Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 NORD-, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.,BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosa Della Monica
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Napoli, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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Li Z, Ma Z, Xue H, Shen R, Qin K, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhang G. Chromatin Separation Regulators Predict the Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment Estimation in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:917150. [PMID: 35873497 PMCID: PMC9305311 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.917150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal chromosome segregation is identified to be a common hallmark of cancer. However, the specific predictive value of it in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unclear. Method: The RNA sequencing and the clinical data of LUAD were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TACG) database, and the prognosis-related genes were identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) were carried out for functional enrichment analysis of the prognosis genes. The independent prognosis signature was determined to construct the nomogram Cox model. Unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to identify the distinguishing clusters in LUAD-samples based on the expression of chromosome segregation regulators (CSRs). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the enriched biological processes and pathways between different clusters were identified. The immune environment estimation, including immune cell infiltration, HLA family genes, immune checkpoint genes, and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), was assessed between the clusters. The potential small-molecular chemotherapeutics for the individual treatments were predicted via the connectivity map (CMap) database. Results: A total of 2,416 genes were determined as the prognosis-related genes in LUAD. Chromosome segregation is found to be the main bioprocess enriched by the prognostic genes. A total of 48 CSRs were found to be differentially expressed in LUAD samples and were correlated with the poor outcome in LUAD. Nine CSRs were identified as the independent prognostic signatures to construct the nomogram Cox model. The LUAD-samples were divided into two distinct clusters according to the expression of the 48 CSRs. Cell cycle and chromosome segregation regulated genes were enriched in cluster 1, while metabolism regulated genes were enriched in cluster 2. Patients in cluster 2 had a higher score of immune, stroma, and HLA family components, while those in cluster 1 had higher scores of TIDES and immune checkpoint genes. According to the hub genes highly expressed in cluster 1, 74 small-molecular chemotherapeutics were predicted to be effective for the patients at high risk. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the CSRs were correlated with the poor prognosis and the possible immunotherapy resistance in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshui Li
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zaiqi Ma
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Heart Center Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruxin Shen
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Cancer Center Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng, ; Guodong Zhang,
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng, ; Guodong Zhang,
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王 生, 李 艳, 张 杰, 倪 鑫. [Progress in diagnosis and treatment of neurofibromatosis in children]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2022; 36:477-482. [PMID: 35822370 PMCID: PMC10128489 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease in which a mutation in the NF1 gene on chromosome 17q11.2 results in inactivation or down-regulation of neurofibromin. This results in a series of neurocutaneous lesions characterized by neurofibromatosis. Patients with plexiform neurofibromas(PN), as one of the main manifestations of NF1, often experience pain, dysfunction, skeletal deformities, changes in appearance and other symptoms. In severe cases, compression of the airways and vital organs occurs, and the PN is at risk of malignancy progression. At present, its treatment is still challenging. Surgery is the primary treatment for PN, but complete resection is often difficult. In recent years, chemotherapy for PN has become a hot topic. This article reviews the research progress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of PN in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- 生才 王
- 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 国家儿童医学中心 儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科疾病北京市重点实验室(北京,100045)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Disease of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - 艳珍 李
- 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 国家儿童医学中心 儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科疾病北京市重点实验室(北京,100045)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Disease of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - 杰 张
- 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 国家儿童医学中心 儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科疾病北京市重点实验室(北京,100045)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Disease of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - 鑫 倪
- 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 国家儿童医学中心 儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科疾病北京市重点实验室(北京,100045)Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Disease of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing, 100045, China
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Zeng HH, Yang Z, Qiu YB, Bashir S, Li Y, Xu M. Detection of a novel panel of 24 genes with high frequencies of mutation in gastric cancer based on next-generation sequencing. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4761-4775. [PMID: 35801059 PMCID: PMC9198883 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i15.4761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Many somatic mutations have been identified based on next-generation sequencing; they likely play a vital role in cancer treatment selection. However, next-generation sequencing has not been widely used to diagnose and treat gastric cancer in the clinic.
AIM To test the mutant gene frequency as a guide for molecular diagnosis and personalized therapy in gastric cancer by use of next-generation sequencing.
METHODS We constructed a panel of 24 mutant genes to detect somatic nucleotide variations and copy number variations based on a next-generation sequencing technique. Our custom panel included high-mutation frequency cancer driver and tumour suppressor genes. Mutated genes were also analyzed using the cBioPortal database. The clinical annotation of important variant mutation sites was evaluated in the ClinVar database. We searched for candidate drugs for targeted therapy and immunotherapy from the OncoKB database.
RESULTS In our study, the top 16 frequently mutated genes were TP53(58%), ERBB2(28%), BRCA2 (23%), NF1 (19%), PIK3CA (14%), ATR (14%), MSH2 (12%), FBXW7 (12%), BMPR1A (12%), ERBB3 (11%), ATM (9%), FGFR2 (8%), MET (8%), PTEN (6%), CHD4 (6%), and KRAS (5%). TP53 is a commonly mutated gene in gastric cancer and has a similar frequency to that in the cBioPortal database. 33 gastric cancer patients (51.6%) with microsatellite stability and eight patients (12.5%) with microsatellite instability-high were investigated. Enrichment analyses demonstrated that high-frequency mutated genes had transmembrane receptor protein kinase activity. We discovered that BRCA2, PIK3CA, and FGFR2 gene mutations represent promising biomarkers in gastric cancer.
CONCLUSION We developed a powerful panel of 24 genes with high frequencies of mutation that could detect common somatic mutations. The observed mutations provide potential targets for the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye-Bei Qiu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shoaib Bashir
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
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Mutation of PTPN11 (Encoding SHP-2) Promotes MEK Activation and Malignant Progression in Neurofibromin-Deficient Cells in a Manner Sensitive to BRAP Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102377. [PMID: 35625983 PMCID: PMC9140047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Germline mutations of NF1 cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which is characterized by multiple benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors known as neurofibromas. In some individuals with NF1, plexiform neurofibromas can give rise to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Here, we applied genomic DNA sequencing to NF1-derived tumors and identified additional genetic alterations in PTPN11 (encoding Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP)-2) and BRAP associated with NF1 tumor malignancy. We found that the forced expression of the mutant form of SHP-2 activated the protein kinase MEK and increased tumorigenic activity in NF1 cells, and that these effects were attenuated by the forced expression of the mutant form of BRCA1-associated protein (BRAP). This suppressive action of mutant BRAP was not apparent in NF1-intact cells. Our data indicate that the combination of NF1 mutation and PTPN11 mutation drives the malignancy of NF1 cells and that SHP-2 inhibition by BRAP is a potential therapeutic strategy for NF1-associated malignant tumors. Abstract Germline mutations of NF1 cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) through the activation of the RAS signaling pathway, and some NF1 patients develop malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Here, we established subclones of the human NF1-MPNST cell line sNF96.2 that manifest increased tumorigenic activity and increased phosphorylation of the protein kinases MEK and Akt relative to the parental cells. Genomic DNA sequencing identified 14 additional heterozygous mutations within the coding regions of 13 cancer- and other disease-related genes in these subclones. One of these genes, PTPN11, encodes SHP-2, and the forced expression of the identified G503V mutant of SHP-2 increased both tumorigenic activity and MEK phosphorylation in parental sNF96.2 cells, suggesting that the combination of PTPN11 and NF1 mutations induces the pathological activation of the RAS pathway. These effects of SHP-2 (G503V) were inhibited by the coexpression of the G370A mutant of BRAP, which was also detected in the highly malignant subclones, and this inhibition was accompanied by the calpain-dependent cleavage of SHP-2 (G503V). The cleavage of SHP-2 (G503V) and suppression of MEK phosphorylation mediated by BRAP (G370A) were not detected in NF1-intact (HeLa) cells. Tumor promotion by SHP-2 (G503V) and its suppression by BRAP (G370A) may serve as a basis for the development of new treatment strategies for NF1.
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Olbryt M. Potential Biomarkers of Skin Melanoma Resistance to Targeted Therapy—Present State and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092315. [PMID: 35565444 PMCID: PMC9102921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around 5–10% of advanced melanoma patients progress early on anti-BRAF targeted therapy and 20–30% respond only with the stabilization of the disease. Presumably, these patients could benefit more from first-line immunotherapy. Resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors is generated by genetic and non-genetic factors inherent to a tumor or acquired during therapy. Some of them are well documented as a cause of treatment failure. They are potential predictive markers that could improve patients’ selection for both standard and also alternative therapy as some of them have therapeutic potential. Here, a summary of the most promising predictive and therapeutic targets is presented. This up-to-date knowledge may be useful for further study on implementing more accurate genetic/molecular tests in melanoma treatment. Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, the number of which is increasing worldwide every year. It is completely curable in its early stage and fatal when spread to distant organs. In addition to new therapeutic strategies, biomarkers are an important element in the successful fight against this cancer. At present, biomarkers are mainly used in diagnostics. Some biological indicators also allow the estimation of the patient’s prognosis. Still, predictive markers are underrepresented in clinics. Currently, the only such indicator is the presence of the V600E mutation in the BRAF gene in cancer cells, which qualifies the patient for therapy with inhibitors of the MAPK pathway. The identification of response markers is particularly important given primary and acquired resistance to targeted therapies. Reliable predictive tests would enable the selection of patients who would have the best chance of benefiting from treatment. Here, up-to-date knowledge about the most promising genetic and non-genetic resistance-related factors is described. These are alterations in MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and RB signaling pathways, e.g., due to mutations in NRAS, RAC1, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and NF1, but also other changes activating these pathways, such as the overexpression of HGF or EGFR. Most of them are also potential therapeutic targets and this issue is also addressed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olbryt
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland
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Tirrò E, Martorana F, Micale G, Inzerilli N, Carciotto R, Romano C, Longhitano C, Motta G, Lanzafame K, Stella S, Massimino M, Vitale SR, Salvatorelli L, Magro G, Manzella L, Vigneri P. Next generation sequencing in a cohort of patients with rare sarcoma histotypes: A single institution experience. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reita D, Pabst L, Pencreach E, Guérin E, Dano L, Rimelen V, Voegeli AC, Vallat L, Mascaux C, Beau-Faller M. Direct Targeting KRAS Mutation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Focus on Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051321. [PMID: 35267628 PMCID: PMC8909472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), with a frequency around 30%, and among them KRAS G12C mutation occurs in 11% of cases. KRAS mutations were for a long time considered to be non-targetable alterations or “undruggable”. Direct inhibition is actually developped with switch-II mutant selective covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors with small molecules such as sotorasib or adagrasib preventing conversion of the mutant protein to GTP-bound active state. Little is known about primary or acquired resistance. Acquired resistance does occur and could be related to genetic alterations in the nucleotide exchange function or adaptive mechanisms either in down-stream pathways or in newly expressed KRAS G12C mutation. Mechanisms of resistance could be classified as “on-target” mechanisms, involving KRAS G12C alterations, or “off-target” mechanisms, involving other gene alterations and/or phenotypic changes. Abstract KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), with a frequency of around 30%, and encoding a GTPAse that cycles between active form (GTP-bound) to inactive form (GDP-bound). The KRAS mutations favor the active form with inhibition of GTPAse activity. KRAS mutations are often with poor response of EGFR targeted therapies. KRAS mutations are good predictive factor for immunotherapy. The lack of success with direct targeting of KRAS proteins, downstream inhibition of KRAS effector pathways, and other strategies contributed to a focus on developing mutation-specific KRAS inhibitors. KRAS p.G12C mutation is one of the most frequent KRAS mutation in NSCLC, especially in current and former smokers (over 40%), which occurs among approximately 12–14% of NSCLC tumors. The mutated cysteine resides next to a pocket (P2) of the switch II region, and P2 is present only in the inactive GDP-bound KRAS. Small molecules such as sotorasib are now the first targeted drugs for KRAS G12C mutation, preventing conversion of the mutant protein to GTP-bound active state. Little is known about primary or acquired resistance. Acquired resistance does occur and may be due to genetic alterations in the nucleotide exchange function or adaptative mechanisms in either downstream pathways or in newly expressed KRAS G12C mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Reita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- Bio-Imagery and Pathology (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Strasbourg University, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lucile Pabst
- Department of Pneumology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (L.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Erwan Pencreach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory Streinth (STress REsponse and INnovative THerapy Against Cancer), Université de Strasbourg, Inserm UMR_S 1113, IRFAC, ITI InnoVec, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Guérin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory Streinth (STress REsponse and INnovative THerapy Against Cancer), Université de Strasbourg, Inserm UMR_S 1113, IRFAC, ITI InnoVec, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Dano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Valérie Rimelen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Anne-Claire Voegeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Laurent Vallat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
| | - Céline Mascaux
- Department of Pneumology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (L.P.); (C.M.)
- Laboratory Streinth (STress REsponse and INnovative THerapy Against Cancer), Université de Strasbourg, Inserm UMR_S 1113, IRFAC, ITI InnoVec, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michèle Beau-Faller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Strasbourg University Hospital, CEDEX, 67098 Strasbourg, France; (D.R.); (E.P.); (E.G.); (L.D.); (V.R.); (A.-C.V.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory Streinth (STress REsponse and INnovative THerapy Against Cancer), Université de Strasbourg, Inserm UMR_S 1113, IRFAC, ITI InnoVec, 3 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-8812-8457
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Mo J, Moye SL, McKay RM, Le LQ. Neurofibromin and suppression of tumorigenesis: beyond the GAP. Oncogene 2022; 41:1235-1251. [PMID: 35066574 PMCID: PMC9063229 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease and one of the most common inherited tumor predisposition syndromes, affecting 1 in 3000 individuals worldwide. The NF1 gene encodes neurofibromin, a large protein with RAS GTP-ase activating (RAS-GAP) activity, and loss of NF1 results in increased RAS signaling. Neurofibromin contains many other domains, and there is considerable evidence that these domains play a role in some manifestations of NF1. Investigating the role of these domains as well as the various signaling pathways that neurofibromin regulates and interacts with will provide a better understanding of how neurofibromin acts to suppress tumor development and potentially open new therapeutic avenues. In this review, we discuss what is known about the structure of neurofibromin, its interactions with other proteins and signaling pathways, its role in development and differentiation, and its function as a tumor suppressor. Finally, we discuss the latest research on potential therapeutics for neurofibromin-deficient neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA
| | - Stefanie L Moye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA
| | - Renee M McKay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- UTSW Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Clinic, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
- O'Donnell Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390-9069, USA.
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65
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Flores Pimentel M, Heath A, Wan MJ, Hussein R, Leahy KE, MacDonald H, Tavares E, VandenHoven C, MacNeill K, Kannu P, Parkin PC, Heon E, Reginald A, Vincent A. Prevalence of Choroidal Abnormalities and Lisch Nodules in Children Meeting Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:10. [PMID: 35119474 PMCID: PMC8819284 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the prevalence of choroidal abnormalities (CAs) and Lisch nodules (LNs) in children who met the clinical diagnostic criteria (CDC) alone and those with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis (MCD) of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and to ascertain any differences between the groups. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study. All children who met the CDC and/or had MCD of NF1 and underwent eye examination were included. At least two CAs or LNs between the two eyes were set as a threshold to define the presence of either abnormality. Frequencies alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The relationship between patient age and the presence of LNs and/or CAs was estimated using logistic regression. Results The study cohort included 94 patients; CAs (64%) were more prevalent than LNs (41%) (0.22; 95% CI, 0.08–0.36; P = 0.0023). The probability of the presence of LNs was lower than that of CAs across all ages (odds ratio = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20–0.69; P = 0.00173). CAs were exclusively found in 37% of patients and LNs in 16%; 80% had either CAs or LNs, or both. In the CDC group (n = 41), the difference in prevalence (CAs = 68%, LNs = 51%) did not attain statistical significance (0.17; 95% CI, −0.06 to 0.40; P = 0.18). In the MCD group (n = 53), the difference in prevalence (CAs = 60%, LNs = 34%) was significant (0.26; 95% CI, 0.006–0.47; P = 0.023). Conclusions CAs were more frequent than LNs in pediatric NF1 patients regardless of age and MCD status. Combining ophthalmological exams with near-infrared imaging will increase the diagnostic reach in pediatric NF1. Translational Relevance CAs detected on near-infrared imaging are objective biomarkers in NF1. They are more prevalent and detected earlier in the pediatric population compared with LNs. Hence, the presence of CAs should be routinely ascertained in children suspected with NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Flores Pimentel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Heath
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rowaida Hussein
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate E Leahy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather MacDonald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Tavares
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia VandenHoven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn MacNeill
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Kannu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patricia C Parkin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun Reginald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lutz S, Van Dyke K, Feraru MA, Albert FW. Multiple epistatic DNA variants in a single gene affect gene expression in trans. Genetics 2022; 220:iyab208. [PMID: 34791209 PMCID: PMC8733636 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA variants that alter gene expression in trans are important sources of phenotypic variation. Nevertheless, the identity of trans-acting variants remains poorly understood. Single causal variants in several genes have been reported to affect the expression of numerous distant genes in trans. Whether these simple molecular architectures are representative of trans-acting variation is unknown. Here, we studied the large RAS signaling regulator gene IRA2, which contains variants with extensive trans-acting effects on gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used systematic CRISPR-based genome engineering and a sensitive phenotyping strategy to dissect causal variants to the nucleotide level. In contrast to the simple molecular architectures known so far, IRA2 contained at least seven causal nonsynonymous variants. The effects of these variants were modulated by nonadditive, epistatic interactions. Two variants at the 5'-end affected gene expression and growth only when combined with a third variant that also had no effect in isolation. Our findings indicate that the molecular basis of trans-acting genetic variation may be considerably more complex than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Lutz
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Krisna Van Dyke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Matthew A Feraru
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Frank W Albert
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Harder A. Do non-pathogenic variants of DNA mismatch repair genes modify neurofibroma load in neurofibromatosis type 1? Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:705-713. [PMID: 34997843 PMCID: PMC8940751 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-pathogenic mismatch repair (MMR) gene variants can be associated with decreased MMR capacity in several settings. Due to an increased mutation rate, reduced MMR capacity leads to accumulation of somatic sequence changes in tumour suppressor genes such as in the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene. Patients with autosomal dominant NF1 typically develop neurofibromas ranging from single to thousands. Concerning the number of neurofibromas NF1 patients face a situation that is still not predictable. A few studies suggested that germline non-pathogenic MMR gene variants modify the number of neurofibromas in NF1 and by this mechanism may promote the extent of neurofibroma manifestation. This review represents first evidence that specific non-pathogenic single nucleotide variants of MMR genes act as a modifier of neurofibroma manifestation in NF1, highlighting MSH2 re4987188 as the best analysed non-pathogenic variant so far. In summary, besides MSH2 promotor methylation, specific non-pathogenic germline MSH2 variants are associated with the extent of neurofibroma manifestation. Those variants can serve as a biomarker to facilitate better mentoring of NF1 patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Harder
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty, Potsdam, Germany.
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Makkar D, Kakkar V. Forearm rhabdomyosarcoma in neurofibromatosis type 1: A unique case. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPEDICS, TRAUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jotr.jotr_49_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene Alterations Define Specific Features of a Subset of Glioblastomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010352. [PMID: 35008787 PMCID: PMC8745708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene mutations or alterations occur within neurofibromatosis type 1 as well as in many different malignant tumours on the somatic level. In glioblastoma, NF1 loss of function plays a major role in inducing the mesenchymal (MES) subtype and, therefore defining the most aggressive glioblastoma. This is associated with an immune signature and mediated via the NF1–MAPK–FOSL1 axis. Specifically, increased invasion seems to be regulated via mutations in the leucine-rich domain (LRD) of the NF1 gene product neurofibromin. Novel targets for therapy may arise from neurofibromin deficiency-associated cellular mechanisms that are summarised in this review.
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Forde C, Burkitt-Wright E, Turnpenny PD, Haan E, Ealing J, Mansour S, Holder M, Lahiri N, Dixit A, Procter A, Pacot L, Vidaud D, Capri Y, Gerard M, Dollfus H, Schaefer E, Quelin C, Sigaudy S, Busa T, Vera G, Damaj L, Messiaen L, Stevenson DA, Davies P, Palmer-Smith S, Callaway A, Wolkenstein P, Pasmant E, Upadhyaya M. Natural history of NF1 c.2970_2972del p.(Met992del): confirmation of a low risk of complications in a longitudinal study. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 30:291-297. [PMID: 34897289 PMCID: PMC8904810 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-01015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with the three base pair deletion NM_000267.3(NF1):c.2970_2972del p.(Met992del) have been recognised to present with a milder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) phenotype characterised by café-au-lait macules (CALs) and intertriginous freckling, as well as a lack of cutaneous, subcutaneous and plexiform neurofibromas and other NF1-associated complications. Examining large cohorts of patients over time with this specific genotype is important to confirm the presentation and associated risks of this variant across the lifespan. Forty-one individuals with the in-frame NF1 deletion p.Met992del were identified from 31 families. Clinicians completed a standardised clinical questionnaire for each patient and the resulting data were collated and compared to published cohorts. Thirteen patients have been previously reported, and updated clinical information has been obtained for these individuals. Both CALs and intertriginous freckling were present in the majority of individuals (26/41, 63%) and the only confirmed features in 11 (27%). 34/41 (83%) of the cohort met NIH diagnostic criteria. There was a notable absence of all NF1-associated tumour types (neurofibroma and glioma). Neurofibroma were observed in only one individual—a subcutaneous lesion (confirmed histologically). Nineteen individuals were described as having a learning disability (46%). This study confirms that individuals with p.Met992del display a mild tumoural phenotype compared to those with ‘classical’, clinically diagnosed NF1, and this appears to be the case longitudinally through time as well as at presentation. Learning difficulties, however, appear to affect a significant proportion of NF1 subjects with this phenotype. Knowledge of this genotype–phenotype association is fundamental to accurate prognostication for families and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Forde
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Burkitt-Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter D Turnpenny
- Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Eric Haan
- South Australia Clinical Genetics Services, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Ealing
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sahar Mansour
- Department Of Clinical Genetics, St George's University NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Muriel Holder
- Genetics Service, South East Thames Regional Genetics Service, London, UK
| | - Nayana Lahiri
- Department Of Clinical Genetics, St George's University NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- Clinical Genetics Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Laurence Pacot
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France and Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104-Université de Paris, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Vidaud
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France and Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104-Université de Paris, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gerard
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Centre de Référence Pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique, CARGO, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Medical Genetics Laboratory, INSERM U1112, Institute of Medical Genetics of Alsace, Strasbourg Medical School, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chloé Quelin
- Service de génétique clinique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital La Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital La Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriella Vera
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Lena Damaj
- Department of Pediatrics, Competence Center of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Ludwine Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David A Stevenson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | | | | | - Alison Callaway
- Molecular Genetics, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Pierre Wolkenstein
- Département de Dermatologie, AP-HP and UPEC, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France and Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016-CNRS UMR8104-Université de Paris, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Meena Upadhyaya
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Mouse Models of Frequently Mutated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246192. [PMID: 34944812 PMCID: PMC8699817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous blood cancer with variable prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Comprehensive sequencing enabled the discovery of recurrent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in AML. Mouse models are essential to study the biological function of these genes and to identify relevant drug targets. This comprehensive review describes the evidence currently available from mouse models for the leukemogenic function of mutations in seven functional gene groups: cell signaling genes, epigenetic modifier genes, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), transcription factors, tumor suppressors, spliceosome genes, and cohesin complex genes. Additionally, we provide a synergy map of frequently cooperating mutations in AML development and correlate prognosis of these mutations with leukemogenicity in mouse models to better understand the co-dependence of mutations in AML.
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Di Napoli A, Vacca D, Bertolazzi G, Lopez G, Piane M, Germani A, Rogges E, Pepe G, Santanelli Di Pompeo F, Salgarello M, Jobanputra V, Hsiao S, Wrzeszczynski KO, Berti E, Bhagat G. RNA Sequencing of Primary Cutaneous and Breast-Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas Reveals Infrequent Fusion Transcripts and Upregulation of PI3K/AKT Signaling via Neurotrophin Pathway Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246174. [PMID: 34944796 PMCID: PMC8699465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cutaneous and breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphomas are usually localized neoplasms with an indolent clinical course compared to systemic ALCL. However comparative analyses of the molecular features of these two entities have not yet been reported. We performed targeted RNA sequencing, which revealed that fusion transcripts, although infrequent, might represent additional pathogenetic events in both diseases. We also found that these entities display upregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and show enrichment in genes of the neurotrophin signaling pathway. These findings advance our knowledge regarding the pathobiology of cALCL and BI-ALCL and point to additional therapeutic targets. Abstract Cutaneous and breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (cALCLs and BI-ALCLs) are two localized forms of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) that are recognized as distinct entities within the family of ALCL. JAK-STAT signaling is a common feature of all ALCL subtypes, whereas DUSP22/IRF4, TP63 and TYK gene rearrangements have been reported in a proportion of ALK-negative sALCLs and cALCLs. Both cALCLs and BI-ALCLs differ in their gene expression profiles compared to PTCLs; however, a direct comparison of the genomic alterations and transcriptomes of these two entities is lacking. By performing RNA sequencing of 1385 genes (TruSight RNA Pan-Cancer, Illumina) in 12 cALCLs, 10 BI-ALCLs and two anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive sALCLs, we identified the previously reported TYK2-NPM1 fusion in 1 cALCL (1/12, 8%), and four new intrachromosomal gene fusions in 2 BI-ALCLs (2/10, 20%) involving genes on chromosome 1 (EPS15-GNG12 and ARNT-GOLPH3L) and on chromosome 17 (MYO18A-GIT1 and NF1-GOSR1). One of the two BI-ALCL samples showed a complex karyotype, raising the possibility that genomic instability may be responsible for intra-chromosomal fusions in BI-ALCL. Moreover, transcriptional analysis revealed similar upregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, associated with enrichment in the expression of neurotrophin signaling genes, which was more conspicuous in BI-ALCL, as well as differences, i.e., over-expression of genes involved in the RNA polymerase II transcription program in BI-ALCL and of the RNA splicing/processing program in cALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Di Napoli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (E.R.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Vacca
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Palermo University, 90134 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Bertolazzi
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Science, Palermo University, 90134 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (E.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (E.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Aldo Germani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (E.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Evelina Rogges
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (E.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppina Pepe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.L.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (E.R.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Marzia Salgarello
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Vaidehi Jobanputra
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (V.J.); (S.H.); (G.B.)
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA;
| | - Susan Hsiao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (V.J.); (S.H.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Emilio Berti
- Department of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA; (V.J.); (S.H.); (G.B.)
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Parente P, Rossi A, Sparaneo A, Fabrizio FP, Centonza A, Taurchini M, Mazza T, Cassano M, Miscio G, Centra F, Ferretti GM, Di Micco CM, Graziano P, Muscarella LA. Mixed Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma and Atypical Carcinoid: A Report of Two Cases of a Non-codified Entity With Biological Profile. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:784876. [PMID: 34926584 PMCID: PMC8678082 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary carcinoids combined with a non-neuroendocrine component have rarely been described, and this histological subtype is not included as a specific entity in the current World Health Organization classification of pulmonary neoplasms. Here, we described the molecular and histological features of two rare cases of mixed lung neoplasms, composed of atypical carcinoid and adenocarcinoma. The targeted next-generation sequencing analysis covering single nucleotide variations, copy number variations, and transcript fusions in a total of 161 cancer genes of the two different tumor components shows a similar molecular profile of shared and private gene mutations. These findings suggest their monoclonal origin from a transformed stem/progenitor tumor cell, which acquires a divergent differentiation during its development and progression and accumulates novel, specific mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo Sparaneo
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Federico Pio Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonza
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marco Taurchini
- Surgical Thoracic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassano
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miscio
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Flavia Centra
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Ferretti
- Surgical Thoracic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Concetta Martina Di Micco
- Unit of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Paolo Graziano
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lucia Anna Muscarella,
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74
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Tak E, Kim M, Cho Y, Choi S, Kim J, Han B, Kim HD, Jang CSH, Kim JE, Hong YS, Kim SY, Kim TW. Expression of neurofibromin 1 in colorectal cancer and cetuximab resistance. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:15. [PMID: 34779495 PMCID: PMC8611403 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) is a tumor suppressor that has been previously reported to regulate RAS‑MAPK signaling. The present study investigated the possible relationship between NF1 expression and anti‑EGFR antibody (cetuximab) sensitivity in colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, primary or metastatic colorectal cancer samples from patients treated with cetuximab were assessed for the association of cetuximab sensitivity. The quantities of the NF1 transcript, NF1‑related pathway enrichment and NF1 mutation profile were measured and investigated using RNA sequencing and targeted DNA sequencing. Based on growth inhibition and colony formation assay results, cell lines were designated to be cetuximab‑sensitive (NCI‑H508 and Caco2) or cetuximab‑resistant (KM12C and SM480). Western blotting revealed NF1 was highly expressed in cetuximab‑sensitive cell lines whilst there was little expression in their cetuximab‑resistant counterparts. Knocking down NF1 expression using small interfering RNA in the cetuximab‑sensitive cell lines enhanced the phosphorylation of MEK and ERK according to western blotting. NF1 knockdown also reduced apoptosis, as observed by the decreased number of apoptotic bodies by DAPI nuclear staining and reduced cleavage of caspase and poly‑(ADP ribose) polymerase. NF1 overexpression by transfection with GTPase‑activating protein‑related domain subunit rendered the cetuximab‑resistant cell lines, KM12C and SW480, more susceptible to cetuximab‑induced apoptosis. RNA sequencing of 111 RAS and BRAFV600 wild‑type tumor samples collected from cetuximab‑treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer revealed that the pre‑treatment NF1 expression levels were not associated with the cetuximab response. However, tumor samples obtained after cetuximab treatment displayed slightly lower NF1 transcript levels compared with those in the pre‑treatment samples, suggesting that exposure to the anti‑EGFR antibody may be associated with reduced NF1 expression levels. Next‑generation sequencing revealed that the frequency of inactivating mutations in NF1 were rare (1.8%) in patients with colorectal cancer and were not associated with the protein expression levels of NF1 except for in a small number of cases (0.5%), where the biallelic inactivation of NF1 was observed. To conclude, the present study showed that modification of NF1 expression can affect sensitivity to cetuximab in colorectal cancer cell lines, though a limitation exists in terms of its potential application as a biomarker for RAS and BRAFV600 wild‑type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Tak
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngra Cho
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sueun Choi
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongro, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chloe Soo-Hyun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongro, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Aggarwal K, Fine K, Wong D. A Rare Case of Transitional Cell Carcinoma in an Adult Male With Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Cureus 2021; 13:e18456. [PMID: 34745780 PMCID: PMC8563141 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem genetic disorder characterized by café-au-lait macules on the skin, Lisch nodules of the iris, and predisposition to a wide array of tumors. These include neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). While there is documented evidence to suggest that the NF1 gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, there is a paucity of documented cases of TCC in patients with NF1. Our patient is a 53-year-old male with a known diagnosis of NF1 and prior history of GIST who presented to the emergency department with lower abdominal pain, constipation, hematuria, and oliguria. The patient was found to have marked colonic distention prompting a decompressive cecostomy with subsequent return of bowel function. Cystoscopy was performed at this time for hematuria, which revealed a 9 cm bladder mass. Pathology showed a high-grade TCC of the bladder with nuclear pleomorphism and necrosis. The patient was treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by cystoprostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion. Our case report is the first documented instance in the United States exhibiting an in vivo association of NF1 with the development of TCC of the bladder, an association previously identified in vitro. We hope our work inspires further investigation into this unique association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Aggarwal
- Medical Education, Saint George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, GRD
| | - Kerry Fine
- General Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, USA
| | - David Wong
- Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, USA
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76
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Sjöstedt S, Schmidt AY, Vieira FG, Woller NC, Nielsen FC, von Buchwald C. Intestinal metaplasia is a precursor lesion for sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma: genomic investigation of a case proving this hypothesis. APMIS 2021; 130:53-56. [PMID: 34741541 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sannia Sjöstedt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ane Yde Schmidt
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Filipe Garrett Vieira
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nina Claire Woller
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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77
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Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common neurocutaneous genetic disorders, presenting with different cutaneous features such as café-au-lait macules, intertriginous skin freckling, and neurofibromas. Although most of the disease manifestations are benign, patients are at risk for a variety of malignancies, including malignant transformation of plexiform neurofibromas. Numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms by which these characteristic neurofibromas develop, with progress made toward unraveling the various players involved in their complex pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cells that give rise to NF1 neoplasms as well as the molecular mechanisms and cellular changes that confer tumorigenic potential. We also discuss the role of the tumor microenvironment and the key aspects of its various cell types that contribute to NF1-associated tumorigenesis. An increased understanding of these intrinsic and extrinsic components is critical for developing novel therapeutic approaches for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Bui
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Renee M McKay
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Laura J Klesse
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Clinic, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Clinic, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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78
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Motwani J, Eccles MR. Genetic and Genomic Pathways of Melanoma Development, Invasion and Metastasis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1543. [PMID: 34680938 PMCID: PMC8535311 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that accounts for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Recent studies have suggested that melanoma invasiveness is attributed to phenotype switching, which is a reversible type of cell behaviour with similarities to epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Phenotype switching in melanoma is reported to be independent of genetic alterations, whereas changes in gene transcription, and epigenetic alterations have been associated with invasiveness in melanoma cell lines. Here, we review mutational, transcriptional, and epigenomic alterations that contribute to tumour heterogeneity in melanoma, and their potential to drive melanoma invasion and metastasis. We also discuss three models that are hypothesized to contribute towards aspects of tumour heterogeneity and tumour progression in melanoma, namely the clonal evolution model, the cancer stem cell model, and the phenotype switching model. We discuss the merits and disadvantages of each model in explaining tumour heterogeneity in melanoma, as a precursor to invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Motwani
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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79
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Luo C, Wang S, Liao W, Zhang S, Xu N, Xie W, Zhang Y. Upregulation of the APOBEC3 Family Is Associated with a Poor Prognosis and Influences Treatment Response to Raf Inhibitors in Low Grade Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10390. [PMID: 34638749 PMCID: PMC8508917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) has been identified as a group of enzymes that catalyze cytosine deamination in single-stranded (ss) DNA to form uracil, causing somatic mutations in some cancers. We analyzed the APOBEC3 family in 33 TCGA cancer types and the results indicated that APOBEC3s are upregulated in multiple cancers and strongly correlate with prognosis, particularly in low grade glioma (LGG). Then we constructed a prognostic model based on family expression in LGG where the APOBEC3 family signature is an accurate predictive model (AUC of 0.85). Gene mutation, copy number variation (CNV), and a differential gene expression (DEG) analysis were performed in different risk groups, and the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to clarify the role of various members in LGG; CIBERSORT algorithm was deployed to evaluate the landscape of LGG immune infiltration. We found that upregulation of the APOBEC3 family expression can strengthen Ras/MAPK signaling pathway, promote tumor progression, and ultimately reduce the treatment benefits of Raf inhibitors. Moreover, the APOBEC3 family was shown to enhance the immune response mediated by myeloid cells and interferon gamma, as well as PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression, implying that they have immunotherapy potential. Therefore, the APOBEC3 signature enables an efficient assessment of LGG patient survival outcomes and expansion of clinical benefits by selecting appropriate individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Songmao Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijie Liao
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shikuan Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaou Zhang
- China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China; (C.L.); (S.W.); (W.L.); (S.Z.); (N.X.); (W.X.)
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology of Shenzhen, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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80
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Riobello C, Casanueva Muruais R, Suárez-Fernández L, García-Marín R, Cabal VN, Blanco-Lorenzo V, Franchi A, Laco J, López F, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Intragenic NF1 deletions in sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 35:88-96. [PMID: 34547192 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal malignant melanoma (MMM) is a rare and aggressive tumor. Despite effective local therapies, tumor recurrence and metastasis remain frequent. The genetics of MMM remain incompletely understood. This study is aimed to identify actionable genetic alterations by next-generation sequencing. Fifteen MMM samples were analyzed by next-generation and Sanger sequencing. Gene copy number alterations were analyzed by MLPA. Mutation status was correlated with pERK, pAKT, and Ki-67 expression and follow-up data. Inactivating mutations and intragenic deletions in neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) were identified in 3 and 2 cases, respectively, (in total 5/15, 33%) and activating mutations in NRAS and KRAS (3/15, 20%) cases. Other mutated genes included CDKN2A, APC, ATM, MITF, FGFR1, and FGFR2. BRAF and KIT mutations were not observed. Cases with NF1 alterations tended to have worse overall survival. The mutational status was not associated with pERK, pAKT, or Ki-67 immunostaining. MMM carries frequent gene mutations activating the MAPK pathway, similar to cutaneous melanoma. In contrast, NF1 is the most frequently affected gene. Intragenic NF1 deletions have not been described before and may go undetected by sequencing studies. This finding is clinically relevant as NF1-mutated melanomas have worse survival and could benefit from therapy with immune checkpoint and MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riobello
- Department Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Marín
- Department Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia N Cabal
- Department Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Alessandro Franchi
- Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Dept Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Fernando López
- Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario A Hermsen
- Department Head and Neck Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Oviedo, Spain
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Sun Y, Yang N, Utama FE, Udhane SS, Zhang J, Peck AR, Yanac A, Duffey K, Langenheim JF, Udhane V, Xia G, Peterson JF, Jorns JM, Nevalainen MT, Rouet R, Schofield P, Christ D, Ormandy CJ, Rosenberg AL, Chervoneva I, Tsaih SW, Flister MJ, Fuchs SY, Wagner KU, Rui H. NSG-Pro mouse model for uncovering resistance mechanisms and unique vulnerabilities in human luminal breast cancers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabc8145. [PMID: 34524841 PMCID: PMC8443188 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most breast cancer deaths are caused by estrogen receptor-α–positive (ER+) disease. Preclinical progress is hampered by a shortage of therapy-naïve ER+ tumor models that recapitulate metastatic progression and clinically relevant therapy resistance. Human prolactin (hPRL) is a risk factor for primary and metastatic ER+ breast cancer. Because mouse prolactin fails to activate hPRL receptors, we developed a prolactin-humanized Nod-SCID-IL2Rγ (NSG) mouse (NSG-Pro) with physiological hPRL levels. Here, we show that NSG-Pro mice facilitate establishment of therapy-naïve, estrogen-dependent PDX tumors that progress to lethal metastatic disease. Preclinical trials provide first-in-mouse efficacy of pharmacological hPRL suppression on residual ER+ human breast cancer metastases and document divergent biology and drug responsiveness of tumors grown in NSG-Pro versus NSG mice. Oncogenomic analyses of PDX lines in NSG-Pro mice revealed clinically relevant therapy-resistance mechanisms and unexpected, potently actionable vulnerabilities such as DNA-repair aberrations. The NSG-Pro mouse unlocks previously inaccessible precision medicine approaches for ER+ breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Fransiscus E. Utama
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sameer S. Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Amy R. Peck
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alicia Yanac
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Katherine Duffey
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - John F. Langenheim
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vindhya Udhane
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Guanjun Xia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jess F. Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Julie M. Jorns
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Marja T. Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Romain Rouet
- Immunology Division, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Peter Schofield
- Immunology Division, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel Christ
- Immunology Division, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Ormandy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anne L. Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Biostatistics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael J. Flister
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Serge Y. Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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82
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Goldner M, Pandolfi N, Maciel D, Lima J, Sanches S, Pondé N. Combined endocrine and targeted therapy in luminal breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:1237-1251. [PMID: 34338570 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1960160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: For decades, endocrine therapy has been the cornerstone of management for luminal breast cancer. Despite the substantial benefit derived by patients from endocrine therapy, primary and secondary resistances to endocrine therapy are serious clinical issues.Areas covered: Today, in the advanced setting, three distinct classes of targeted agents mTOR, CDK 4/6, and PI3K inhibitors, are approved for use. CDK 4/6 inhibitors have improved outcomes substantially, changing the natural history of advanced luminal breast cancer. Current studies seek to bring CDK 4/6 inhibitors to the early setting. This review will cover all available data on target therapy combinations with endocrine therapy for both the early and advanced settings, including approved drugs and agents in development.Expert opinion: Combined endocrine and target therapy has changed the landscape in advanced disease. In early disease, it is possible to have a large impact, particularly in patients with higher risk of relapse. Trials like ADAPTCYCLE seek to leverage neoadjuvant data to de-escalate treatment, substituting chemotherapy for CDK 4/6 inhibitors. In advanced diseases, studies such as PADA-1 point toward a future in which ctDNA will be used to define management before clinical progression occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Goldner
- Medical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires Da Mota, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natasha Pandolfi
- Medical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires Da Mota, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Maciel
- Medical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires Da Mota, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julianne Lima
- Fellow of the European School of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Solange Sanches
- Medical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires Da Mota, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noam Pondé
- Medical Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Pires Da Mota, São Paulo, Brazil
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83
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Goodman AM, Jeong AR, Phillips A, Wang HY, Sokol ES, Cohen PR, Sicklick J, Fajgenbaum DC, Kurzrock R. Novel somatic alterations in unicentric and idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:642-649. [PMID: 34431136 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Castleman disease (CD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders involving systemic inflammation and lymphoproliferation. Recently, clonal mutations have been identified in unicentric CD (UCD) and idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD), suggesting a potential underlying neoplastic process. METHODS Patients with UCD or iMCD with next generation sequencing (NGS) data on tissue DNA and/or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were included. RESULTS Five patients were included, 4 with iMCD and 1 with UCD. Four patients (80%) were women; median age was 40 years. Three of five patients (60%) had ≥1 clonal mutation detected on biopsy among the genes included in the panel. One patient with iMCD had a 14q32-1p35 rearrangement and a der(1)dup(1)(q42q21)del(1)(q42) (1q21 being IL-6R locus) on karyotype. This patient also had a NF1 K2459fs alteration on ctDNA (0.3%). Another patient with iMCD had a KDM5C Q836* mutation, and one patient with UCD had a TNS3-ALK fusion but no ALK expression by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS We report 4 novel somatic alterations found in patients with UCD or iMCD. The 1q21 locus contains IL-6R, and duplication of this locus may increase IL-6 expression. These findings suggest that a clonal process may be responsible for the inflammatory phenotype in some patients with UCD and iMCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Goodman
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ah-Reum Jeong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexis Phillips
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Huan-You Wang
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ethan S Sokol
- Cancer Genomics Research, Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, California, USA
| | - Jason Sicklick
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David C Fajgenbaum
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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84
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DeLiberty JM, Robb R, Gates CE, Bryant KL. Unraveling and targeting RAS-driven metabolic signaling for therapeutic gain. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 153:267-304. [PMID: 35101233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS mutations are among the most frequent oncogenic drivers observed in human cancers. With a lack of available treatment options, RAS-mutant cancers account for many of the deadliest cancers in the United States. Recent studies established that altered metabolic requirements are a hallmark of cancer, and many of these alterations are driven by aberrant RAS signaling. Specifically, RAS-driven cancers are characterized by upregulated glycolysis, the differential channeling of glycolytic intermediates, upregulated nutrient scavenging pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis, and altered glutamine utilization and mitochondrial function. This unique metabolic landscape promotes tumorigenesis, proliferation, survival in nutrient deficient environments and confers resistance to conventional cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Emerging work demonstrates how these dependencies can be therapeutically exploited in vitro and in vivo with many metabolic inhibitors currently in clinical trials. This review aims to outline the unique metabolic requirements induced by aberrant RAS signaling and how these altered dependencies present opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan Robb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire E Gates
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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85
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Liang Y, Lu Q, Li W, Zhang D, Zhang F, Zou Q, Chen L, Tong Y, Liu M, Wang S, Li W, Ren X, Xu P, Yang Z, Dong S, Zhang B, Huang Y, Li D, Wang H, Yu W. Reactivation of tumour suppressor in breast cancer by enhancer switching through NamiRNA network. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8556-8572. [PMID: 34329471 PMCID: PMC8421228 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of Tumour Suppressor Genes (TSGs) is a common feature in carcinogenesis. Epigenetic abnormalities including DNA hypermethylation or aberrant histone modifications in promoter regions have been described for interpreting TSG inactivation. However, in many instances, how TSGs are silenced in tumours are largely unknown. Given that miRNA with low expression in tumours is another recognized signature, we hypothesize that low expression of miRNA may reduce the activity of TSG related enhancers and further lead to inactivation of TSG during cancer development. Here, we reported that low expression of miRNA in cancer as a recognized signature leads to loss of function of TSGs in breast cancer. In 157 paired breast cancer and adjacent normal samples, tumour suppressor gene GPER1 and miR-339 are both downregulated in Luminal A/B and Triple Negative Breast Cancer subtypes. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-339 upregulates GPER1 expression in breast cancer cells by switching on the GPER1 enhancer, which can be blocked by enhancer deletion through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Collectively, our findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into TSG dysfunction in cancer development, and provide evidence that reactivation of TSG by enhancer switching may be a promising alternative strategy for clinical breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qingping Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Mengxing Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoxuan Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ren
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhicong Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shihua Dong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Daqiang Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute and Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Freitag CM, Chiocchetti AG, Haslinger D, Yousaf A, Waltes R. [Genetic risk factors and their influence on neural development in autism spectrum disorders]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 50:187-202. [PMID: 34128703 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic risk factors and their influence on neural development in autism spectrum disorders Abstract. Abstract. Autism spectrum disorders are etiologically based on genetic and specific gene x biologically relevant environmental risk factors. They are diagnosed based on behavioral characteristics, such as impaired social communication and stereotyped, repetitive behavior and sensory as well as special interests. The genetic background is heterogeneous, i. e., it comprises diverse genetic risk factors across the disorder and high interindividual differences of specific genetic risk factors. Nevertheless, risk factors converge regarding underlying biological mechanisms and shared pathways, which likely cause the autism-specific behavioral characteristics. The current selective literature review summarizes differential genetic risk factors and focuses particularly on mechanisms and pathways currently being discussed by international research. In conclusion, clinically relevant aspects and open translational research questions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Freitag
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Andreas G Chiocchetti
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Denise Haslinger
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Afsheen Yousaf
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Regina Waltes
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main
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87
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Courtney E, Chan SH, Li ST, Ishak D, Merchant K, Shaw T, Chay WY, Chin FHX, Wong WL, Wong A, Ngeow J. Biallelic NF1 inactivation in high grade serous ovarian cancers from patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Fam Cancer 2021; 19:353-358. [PMID: 32405727 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-020-00184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem disorder caused by germline heterozygous NF1 loss-of-function variants. The NF1 gene encodes neurofibromin, a RAS GTPase-activating protein, which functions by down-regulating RAS/RAF/MAPK-signalling pathways. Somatic NF1 aberrations frequently occur in sporadic ovarian cancer (OC), but the incidence of OC in NF1 patients is rare. Here we report the germline and somatic findings for two unrelated patients with NF1 and high-grade serous OC. Germline testing revealed a heterozygous NF1 pathogenic variant in each patient, c.7096_7101del (p.Asn2366_Phe2367del) and c.964delA (p.Ile322Leufs*54), respectively. No germline variants in well-established OC predisposition genes were detected, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. Tumor loss-of-heterozygosity analysis demonstrated loss of the wild type NF1 allele for both patients. Biallelic NF1 inactivation occurs as part of OC pathogenesis in NF1 patients. Although the penetrance of NF1-associated OC is insufficient to warrant risk-reducing interventions, our findings highlight the potential for therapies targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK-signalling pathway for these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Courtney
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Shao Tzu Li
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Diana Ishak
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Khurshid Merchant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Tarryn Shaw
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Wen Yee Chay
- KK Gynaecological Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Felicia Hui Xian Chin
- KK Gynaecological Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Wai Loong Wong
- KK Gynaecological Cancer Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Adele Wong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169610, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
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88
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Simic D, Dummer R, Freiberger SN, Ramelyte E, Barysch MJ. Clinical and Molecular Features of Skin Malignancies in Muir-Torre Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050781. [PMID: 34065301 PMCID: PMC8160778 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the mutational landscape of skin tumors in patients with Muir-Torre Syndrome (MTS) a hereditary autosomal dominant mismatch repair disorder of increased cancer susceptibility, and examined mutations other than in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. METHODS This retrospective single-center case series included seven patients with the diagnosis of Muir-Torre Syndrome with precise medical history and family history. Mutational analysis of tumor samples Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of skin lesions associated with Muir-Torre Syndrome were used for further analysis. All skin tumors were analyzed with the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 (Life Technologies), which includes 161 of the most relevant cancer driver genes. RESULTS Eleven skin neoplasms (nine sebaceous tumors, one melanoma, one cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma) were diagnosed in seven patients. In two patients, visceral malignancies preceded the diagnosis of the skin tumors and one patient was diagnosed with a visceral malignancy after a sebaceous tumor. History of familial cancer of Lynch Syndrome (LS) was reported in three patients. The most frequently detected mutation was in the MSH2 gene, followed by mutations in the NOTCH1/2 and TP53 gene. Conclusion, this study provides a molecular analysis of Muir-Torre Syndrome associated and non-associated skin tumors in patients with Muir-Torre Syndrome. Patients with sebaceous lesions should undergo microsatellite instability analysis and accurate evaluation of personal and family history to detect a possible Muir-Torre syndrome. As secondary malignancies may appear years after the first occurrence of sebaceous tumors, lifelong screening is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Simic
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.S.); (E.R.); (M.-J.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandra N. Freiberger
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Egle Ramelyte
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.S.); (E.R.); (M.-J.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Marjam-Jeanette Barysch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (D.S.); (E.R.); (M.-J.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Grzadkowski MR, Holly HD, Somers J, Demir E. Systematic interrogation of mutation groupings reveals divergent downstream expression programs within key cancer genes. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:233. [PMID: 33957863 PMCID: PMC8101181 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genes implicated in tumorigenesis often exhibit diverse sets of genomic variants in the tumor cohorts within which they are frequently mutated. For many genes, neither the transcriptomic effects of these variants nor their relationship to one another in cancer processes have been well-characterized. We sought to identify the downstream expression effects of these mutations and to determine whether this heterogeneity at the genomic level is reflected in a corresponding heterogeneity at the transcriptomic level. Results By applying a novel hierarchical framework for organizing the mutations present in a cohort along with machine learning pipelines trained on samples’ expression profiles we systematically interrogated the signatures associated with combinations of mutations recurrent in cancer. This allowed us to catalogue the mutations with discernible downstream expression effects across a number of tumor cohorts as well as to uncover and characterize over a hundred cases where subsets of a gene’s mutations are clearly divergent in their function from the remaining mutations of the gene. These findings successfully replicated across a number of disease contexts and were found to have clear implications for the delineation of cancer processes and for clinical decisions. Conclusions The results of cataloguing the downstream effects of mutation subgroupings across cancer cohorts underline the importance of incorporating the diversity present within oncogenes in models designed to capture the downstream effects of their mutations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04147-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal R Grzadkowski
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Hannah D Holly
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Julia Somers
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Emek Demir
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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90
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Mandigo AC, Yuan W, Xu K, Gallagher P, Pang A, Guan YF, Shafi AA, Thangavel C, Sheehan B, Bogdan D, Paschalis A, McCann JJ, Laufer TS, Gordon N, Vasilevskaya IA, Dylgjeri E, Chand SN, Schiewer MJ, Domingo-Domenech J, Den RB, Holst J, McCue PA, de Bono JS, McNair C, Knudsen KE. RB/E2F1 as a Master Regulator of Cancer Cell Metabolism in Advanced Disease. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2334-2353. [PMID: 33879449 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor protein is a critical step in reprogramming biological networks that drive cancer progression, although mechanistic insight has been largely limited to the impact of RB loss on cell-cycle regulation. Here, isogenic modeling of RB loss identified disease stage-specific rewiring of E2F1 function, providing the first-in-field mapping of the E2F1 cistrome and transcriptome after RB loss across disease progression. Biochemical and functional assessment using both in vitro and in vivo models identified an unexpected, prominent role for E2F1 in regulation of redox metabolism after RB loss, driving an increase in the synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione, specific to advanced disease. These E2F1-dependent events resulted in protection from reactive oxygen species in response to therapeutic intervention. On balance, these findings reveal novel pathways through which RB loss promotes cancer progression and highlight potentially new nodes of intervention for treating RB-deficient cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies stage-specific consequences of RB loss across cancer progression that have a direct impact on tumor response to clinically utilized therapeutics. The study herein is the first to investigate the effect of RB loss on global metabolic regulation and link RB/E2F1 to redox control in multiple advanced diseases.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Mandigo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kexin Xu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angel Pang
- School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Fang Guan
- School of Medical Sciences and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ayesha A Shafi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beshara Sheehan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denisa Bogdan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alec Paschalis
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J McCann
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Talya S Laufer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Gordon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina A Vasilevskaya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emanuela Dylgjeri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saswati N Chand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Robert B Den
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff Holst
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher McNair
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Departments of Urology, Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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91
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Scala M, Schiavetti I, Madia F, Chelleri C, Piccolo G, Accogli A, Riva A, Salpietro V, Bocciardi R, Morcaldi G, Di Duca M, Caroli F, Verrico A, Milanaccio C, Viglizzo G, Traverso M, Baldassari S, Scudieri P, Iacomino M, Piatelli G, Minetti C, Striano P, Garrè ML, De Marco P, Diana MC, Capra V, Pavanello M, Zara F. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Single-Center Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081879. [PMID: 33919865 PMCID: PMC8070780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a complex disorder characterized by a multisystem involvement and cancer predisposition. It is caused by genetic variants in NF1, a large tumor suppressor gene encoding a cytoplasmatic protein (neurofibromin) with a regulatory role in essential cellular processes. Genotype–phenotype correlations in NF1 patients are so far elusive. We retrospectively reviewed clinical, radiological, and genetic data of 583 individuals with at least 1 National Institutes of Health (NIH) criterion for NF1 diagnosis, including 365 subjects fulfilling criteria for the diagnosis. Novel genotype–phenotype correlations were identified through uni- and multivariate statistical analysis. Missense variants negatively correlated with neurofibromas. Skeletal abnormalities were associated with frameshift variants and whole gene deletions. The c.3721C>T; p.(R1241*) variant positively correlated with structural brain alterations, whereas the c.6855C>A; p.(Y2285*) variant was associated with a higher prevalence of Lisch nodules and endocrinological disorders. These novel NF1 genotype–phenotype correlations may have a relevant role in the implementation of patients’ care. Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a proteiform genetic condition caused by pathogenic variants in NF1 and characterized by a heterogeneous phenotypic presentation. Relevant genotype–phenotype correlations have recently emerged, but only few pertinent studies are available. We retrospectively reviewed clinical, instrumental, and genetic data from a cohort of 583 individuals meeting at least 1 diagnostic National Institutes of Health (NIH) criterion for NF1. Of these, 365 subjects fulfilled ≥2 NIH criteria, including 235 pediatric patients. Genetic testing was performed through cDNA-based sequencing, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). Uni- and multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate genotype–phenotype correlations. Among patients fulfilling ≥ 2 NIH criteria, causative single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in 267/365 (73.2%) and 20/365 (5.5%) cases. Missense variants negatively correlated with neurofibromas (p = 0.005). Skeletal abnormalities were associated with whole gene deletions (p = 0.05) and frameshift variants (p = 0.006). The c.3721C>T; p.(R1241*) variant positively correlated with structural brain alterations (p = 0.031), whereas Lisch nodules (p = 0.05) and endocrinological disorders (p = 0.043) were associated with the c.6855C>A; p.(Y2285*) variant. We identified novel NF1 genotype–phenotype correlations and provided an overview of known associations, supporting their potential relevance in the implementation of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Irene Schiavetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Madia
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Cristina Chelleri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Gianluca Piccolo
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Renata Bocciardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Guido Morcaldi
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Marco Di Duca
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Francesco Caroli
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Verrico
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.V.); (C.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Claudia Milanaccio
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.V.); (C.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | | | - Monica Traverso
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Simona Baldassari
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Michele Iacomino
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Maria Luisa Garrè
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.V.); (C.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Diana
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
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92
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Preclinical In Vivo Modeling of Pediatric Sarcoma-Promises and Limitations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081578. [PMID: 33918045 PMCID: PMC8069549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric sarcomas are an extremely heterogeneous group of genetically distinct diseases. Despite the increasing knowledge on their molecular makeup in recent years, true therapeutic advancements are largely lacking and prognosis often remains dim, particularly for relapsed and metastasized patients. Since this is largely due to the lack of suitable model systems as a prerequisite to develop and assess novel therapeutics, we here review the available approaches to model sarcoma in vivo. We focused on genetically engineered and patient-derived mouse models, compared strengths and weaknesses, and finally explored possibilities and limitations to utilize these models to advance both biological understanding as well as clinical diagnosis and therapy.
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93
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Hong CS, Kundishora AJ, Elsamadicy AA, Koo AB, McGuone D, Inzucchi SE, Omay SB, Erson-Omay EZ. Somatic NF1 mutations in pituitary adenomas: Report of two cases. Cancer Genet 2021; 256-257:26-30. [PMID: 33862521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Aladine A Elsamadicy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Andrew B Koo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Declan McGuone
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Sacit Bulent Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - E Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, LCI8, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
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94
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Zheng L, Zhan Y, Lu J, Hu J, Kong D. A prognostic predictive model constituted with gene mutations of APC, BRCA2, CDH1, SMO, and TSC2 in colorectal cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:680. [PMID: 33987378 PMCID: PMC8106061 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor that seriously threatens human health. A CRC predictive model can be used as an effective method to provide an appropriate treatment for CRC patients. Methods A total of 34 CRC patients were enrolled in this study. After performing 1000-gene panel targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), high-frequency mutation genes were screened, and their functional terms and pathways were enriched. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC cases, the risk factors for overall survival (OS) were screened by univariate and multivariate analysis, and a predictive model was constructed and verified. Subsequently, the relationship among mutation status, gene expression, methylation level, and OS was analyzed to explore the molecular mechanism of CRC progression. Results A total of 26 high-frequency mutation genes were screened, which were mainly enriched in breast cancer and proteoglycans in cancer pathways. The clinical parameters of age, stage, recurrence and metastasis, the mutation status of APC, BRCA2, CDH1, SMO, and TSC2 were identified as risk factors for the construction of the predictive model. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.734, 0.754, 0.774, and 0.74 for 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-year survival in the model group, respectively. Conclusions We identified several mutated genes and clinical parameters affecting OS and established a model to better predict the OS of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Department of Colorectal Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Infection Management, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dalu Kong
- Department of Colorectal Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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95
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SnapshotDx Quiz: March 2021. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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96
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Nagabushan S, Lau LMS, Barahona P, Wong M, Sherstyuk A, Marshall GM, Tyrrell V, Wegner EA, Ekert PG, Cowley MJ, Mayoh C, Trahair TN, Crowe P, Anazodo A, Ziegler DS. Efficacy of MEK inhibition in a recurrent malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:9. [PMID: 33580196 PMCID: PMC7881142 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of recurrent malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) is dismal, with surgical resection being the only definitive salvage therapy. Treatment with chemoradiation approaches has not significantly improved patient outcomes. Similarly, trials of therapies targeting MPNST genomic drivers have thus far been unsuccessful. Improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MPNST indicates frequent activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cell signaling pathway. MEK inhibitors have shown activity in preclinical studies; however, their clinical efficacy has not been reported to date. We describe here a case of sustained complete response to MEK inhibition in an adolescent patient with a recurrent metastatic MPNST with multiple alterations in the MAPK pathway, guided by a precision oncology approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanth Nagabushan
- grid.414009.80000 0001 1282 788XKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Loretta M. S. Lau
- grid.414009.80000 0001 1282 788XKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Paulette Barahona
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Marie Wong
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Alexandra Sherstyuk
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Glenn M. Marshall
- grid.414009.80000 0001 1282 788XKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Eva A. Wegner
- grid.415193.bDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Sydney Children’s Hospital and Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Paul G. Ekert
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Mark J. Cowley
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Toby N. Trahair
- grid.414009.80000 0001 1282 788XKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Philip Crowe
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.415193.bNelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Sydney Sarcoma Unit, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Antoinette Anazodo
- grid.414009.80000 0001 1282 788XKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.415193.bNelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - David S. Ziegler
- grid.414009.80000 0001 1282 788XKids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Wu J, Zhou H, Yi X, He Q, Lei T, Tan F, Liu H, Li B. Targeted Deep Sequencing Reveals Unrecognized KIT Mutation Coexistent with NF1 Deficiency in GISTs. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:297-306. [PMID: 33469372 PMCID: PMC7811451 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s280174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose NF1-deficient GISTs account for about 1% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and are usually considered as a subtype of KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs that have no detectable KIT and PDGFRA mutations. Some KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs actually have cryptic KIT mutations (mKIT). So we investigate whether concurrent mKIT existed in NF1-associated GISTs. Patients and Methods Three independent cohorts were retrospectively analyzed. KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs in Xiangya Hospital between May 2017 and Oct 2019 were investigated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach targeted 1021 cancer-related genes regions. GISTs cases in Gene+ dataset from May 2017 to May 2020 were collected from the platform of this company. The genotypes of GISTs in MSKCC cohort were downloaded from cBioPortal. Results A total of 290 cases including 23 KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs in Xiangya Hospital, 136 GISTs in Gene+ database, and 131 GISTs in MSKCC were enrolled. Twenty-six cases have NF1 mutations (mNF1), and 48% (12/26) of NF1-mutated GISTs have concurrent mKIT. Compared with MSKCC (2/10, 20%), a higher ratio of mKIT in NF1-associated GISTs was detected in Xiangya Hospital (3/5, 60%) and Gene+ (7/11, 64%) (p<0.05). No mutation hotspot existed in mNF1. Most of mKIT centered within exon 11 (7/12, 58%) and others including exon 17 (3/12, 25%), exon 9(1/12, 8%), exon 13 (1/12, 8%) and exon 21 (1/12, 8%). No differences in age, gender, and location were detected between NF1-related GISTs with mKIT and those without mKIT. Three GIST cases of type I neurofibromatosis, skin neurofibromas and micro-GISTs (≤1 cm) were devoid of mKIT, but all the mini-GISTs (1~2 cm) and clinic GIST lesions (>2 cm) in two cases harbored mKIT. Conclusion mKIT was not unusual in NF1-associated GISTs, especially in Chinese populations. The gain-of-function mKIT possibly facilitated the progression of NF1-deficient lesions to clinic GISTs, however, the underlying mechanism warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongzhi He
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiang Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengbo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Heli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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98
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Melanoma Arising From a Pre-existing Neurofibroma in a Patient With No Prior Diagnosis of Systemic Neurofibromatosis 1 or 2: A Case Report. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:291-293. [PMID: 33464751 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The pathophysiology of melanoma involves malignant transformation of melanocytes. These can arise de novo or result from malignant transformation of a pre-existing nevus. This case report presents a patient with a new pigmented lesion, arising from a pre-existing neurofibroma, on her left scapula and no personal or family history of systemic neurofibromatosis. Biopsy confirmed the lesion to be malignant melanoma and, after excision, postoperative pathology showed a pre-existing neurofibroma. A review of the literature suggests there may be a link between the pathogenesis of neurofibroma and malignant melanoma, because NF1 mutations are observed in both neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma. We hypothesize that the pre-existing neurofibroma created a proliferative environment that gave rise to the adjacent neoplasm. Further research is required to understand the shared pathway, because this may lead to novel forms of surveillance and treatment.
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99
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Smith RB, Solem EP, Metz EC, Wheeler FC, Phillips JA, Yenamandra A. Clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type I in multiple family members due to cosegregation of a unique balanced translocation with disruption of the NF1 locus: Testing considerations for accurate diagnosis. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1222-1227. [PMID: 33415784 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes a predisposition to develop tumors along the peripheral nervous system. The NF1 gene, located at 17q11.2, has the highest mutation rate among known human genes and about half of NF1 patients have de novo pathogenic variants. We present a case of clinical NF1 diagnoses in multiple family members with phenotypes ranging from mild to severe. Chromosome analysis of the 3-year-old female proband with NF1 resulted in an abnormal karyotype that was inherited from her mother: 46,XX,t(4;17)(q21.3;q11.2) mat. However, no NF1 genetic variants were identified by either NGS analysis of NF1 DNA coding regions, deletion-duplication studies, or by cytogenomic microarray copy number analysis. Follow-up chromosome studies of the proband's two male siblings demonstrated cosegregation of the same balanced translocation and a clinical diagnosis of NF1. Based on the cosegregation of the translocation with the NF1 clinical presentation in this family, we hypothesized that the NF1 gene may have been disrupted by this unique rearrangement. Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the metaphase cells of an affected sibling revealed a disruption of the NF1 gene confirming the underlying basis of the clinical NF1 presentation in this family. The utilization of traditional cytogenetic as well as evolving molecular methods was not only pivotal in the diagnosis of NF1 and management for this family, but is also pertinent to other patients with a family history of NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Genetics Associates Inc., Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily P Solem
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emma C Metz
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ferrin C Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John A Phillips
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashwini Yenamandra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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100
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Zhu R, Wang H, Lin L. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Value of ZWINT Expression Levels in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e3222. [PMID: 34852139 PMCID: PMC8595613 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study found that high Zeste White 10 interactor (ZWINT) expression is related to the poor prognosis of patients with a variety of cancers. This study mainly explored the relationship between the expression level of ZWINT and the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Briefly, four English databases and two high-throughput sequencing databases were searched and relevant data for meta-analysis were extracted. Pooled mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the relationships between clinical features and the expression of ZWINT. Pooled hazard ratio and 95% CI were also used to assess the relationships between clinical features and the expression level of ZWINT. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021249475). A total of 16 high-quality datasets comprising 2,847 LUAD patients were included in this study. Higher ZWINT expression levels were found in patients younger than 65 years, males, and smokers, and were correlated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis. Notably, there was no publication bias in this meta-analysis. Overall, our findings indicate that ZWINT is a potential biomarker for poor prognosis and clinicopathological outcomes of patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaguo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Ziyang, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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