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Patnaik R, Padhy RN. Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Neural Stem Cell Line as a Screening Model for Toxicity. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:319-326. [PMID: 27807796 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate whether a human neural stem cell (NSC) line derived from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) can be used for toxicity study. Toxicity of both neurotoxic environmental xenobiotics, methyl mercury chloride (CH3HgCl), lead acetate (CH3COOPb), and chlorpyrifos (CP), and non-neurotoxic insecticide, dichlorvos, as well as non-neurotoxic drugs, theophylline and acetaminophen were assessed. Additionally, differentiation of neuronal and glial cell lines derived from hUCB was elucidated. It was observed that CH3HgCl was more toxic to human NSCs in comparison to CH3COOPb and CP. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against NSCs was 3, 10, and 300 mg/L, in each staining process, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and Hoechst staining, for CH3HgCl, CP, and CH3COOPb, respectively. CH3HgCl had the LC25 value as 10.0, 14.4, and 12.7 mg/L, by staining method mentioned in succession. CP had the LC25 value as 21.9, 23.7, and 18.4 mg/L; similarly, CH3COOPb had LC25 values, successively as 616.9, 719.2, and 890.3 mg/L. LC50 values ranged from 18.2 to 21.7 mg/L for CH3HgCl, 56.4 to 60.2 mg/L for CP, and 1000 to 1460.1 for CH3COOPb. Theophylline, acetaminophen, and dichlorvos had no impact on the viability of NSCs. This work justified that hUCB-NSC model can be used for toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Patnaik
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
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The effects of culture conditions on the functionality of efficiently obtained mesenchymal stromal cells from human cord blood. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:423-37. [PMID: 26857232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cord blood (CB) is an attractive source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) because of its abundant availability and ease of collection. However, the success rate of generating CB-MSCs is low. In this study, our aim was to demonstrate the efficiency of our previously described method to obtain MSCs from CB and further characterize them and to study the effects of different culture conditions on MSCs. METHODS CB-MSC cultures were established in low oxygen (3%) conditions on fibronectin in 10% fetal bovine serum containing culture medium supplemented with combinations of growth factors. Cells were characterized for their adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity; phenotype; and HOX gene expression profile. The functionality of the cells cultured in different media was tested in vitro with angiogenesis and T-cell proliferation assays. RESULTS We demonstrate 87% efficacy in generating MSCs from CB. The established cells had typical MSC characteristics with reduced adipogenic differentiation potential and a unique HOX gene fingerprint. Growth factor-rich medium and a 3% oxygen condition enhanced cell proliferation; however, the growth factor-rich medium had a negative effect on the expression of CD90. Dexamethasone-containing medium improved the capacity of the cells to suppress T-cell proliferation, whereas the cells grown without dexamethasone were more able to support angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the composition of expansion medium is critical for the functionality of MSCs and should always be appropriately defined for each purpose.
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Doster DL, Jensen AR, Khaneki S, Markel TA. Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for the treatment of intestinal ischemia: Defining the optimal cell isolate for maximum therapeutic benefit. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1457-1470. [PMID: 27745788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia is a devastating intraabdominal emergency that often necessitates surgical intervention. Mortality rates can be high, and patients who survive often have significant long-term morbidity. The implementation of traditional medical therapies to prevent or treat intestinal ischemia have been sparse over the last decade, and therefore, the use of novel therapies are becoming more prevalent. Cellular therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells is one such treatment modality that is attracting noteworthy attention in the scientific community. Several groups have seen benefit with cellular therapy, but the optimal cell line has not been identified. The purpose of this review is to: 1) Review the mechanism of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury, 2) Identify the mechanisms of how cellular therapy may be therapeutic for this disease, and 3) Compare various MSC tissue sources to maximize potential therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of intestinal I/R diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique L Doster
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amanda R Jensen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sina Khaneki
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA; The Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Section of Pediatric Surgery, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Xie J, Wang B, Wang L, Dong F, Bai G, Liu Y. Intracerebral and Intravenous Transplantation Represents a Favorable Approach for Application of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Rats. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3552-3561. [PMID: 27703134 PMCID: PMC5063432 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one severe subtype of stroke, with a very complex pathology. Stem cell-based therapy holds promising potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have a therapeutic effect in recovery from brain damage following ICH. The aim of this study was to identify an effective and convenient way of using UC-MSCs in the ICH rat model. Material/Methods CM-DiI-labeled human UC-MSCs were transplanted intracerebrally or intravenously into collagenase VII-induced ICH rat models. Neurological function was evaluated before ICH and at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. ICH rats were sacrificed to evaluate the injury volume. Neurogenesis and angiogenesis and vascular areas were investigated using microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) immunohistochemistry at two weeks after transplantation. Results The intracerebral and intravenous administration of UC-MSCs both resulted in significant improvement in neurological function and decrease in injury volume of ICH rats. Transplanted UC-MSCs were chemotactic in vivo and showed a predominant distribution around the ICH region. In addition, UC-MSCs could integrate into the cerebral vasculature in both groups. Conclusions Both intracerebral and intravenous administration of UC-MSCs could have a favorable effect on recovery of neurological function in ICH rats, although the fundamental mechanisms may be different between the two groups. Our data suggest that intravenous implantation of UC-MSCs could serve as a favorable approach for cell-based therapy in central nervous system (CNS) diseases according to clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xie
- Alliancells Key Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin AllianStemcell Biotech Co., Ltd., Post-Doctoral Research Station, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Wang
- Alliancells Key Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin AllianStemcell Biotech Co., Ltd., Post-Doctoral Research Station, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Lian Wang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Dong
- Alliancells Key Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin AllianStemcell Biotech Co., Ltd., Post-Doctoral Research Station, Tianjing, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Bai
- Alliancells Key Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin AllianStemcell Biotech Co., Ltd., Post-Doctoral Research Station, Tianjign, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Moraes DA, Sibov TT, Pavon LF, Alvim PQ, Bonadio RS, Da Silva JR, Pic-Taylor A, Toledo OA, Marti LC, Azevedo RB, Oliveira DM. A reduction in CD90 (THY-1) expression results in increased differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:97. [PMID: 27465541 PMCID: PMC4964048 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells used in several cell therapies. MSCs are characterized by the expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 cell markers, and the absence of CD34, CD45, CD11a, CD19, and HLA-DR cell markers. CD90 is a glycoprotein present in the MSC membranes and also in adult cells and cancer stem cells. The role of CD90 in MSCs remains unknown. Here, we sought to analyse the role that CD90 plays in the characteristic properties of in vitro expanded human MSCs. METHODS We investigated the function of CD90 with regard to morphology, proliferation rate, suppression of T-cell proliferation, and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of MSCs by reducing the expression of this marker using CD90-target small hairpin RNA lentiviral vectors. RESULTS The present study shows that a reduction in CD90 expression enhances the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and, unexpectedly, causes a decrease in CD44 and CD166 expression. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that CD90 controls the differentiation of MSCs by acting as an obstacle in the pathway of differentiation commitment. This may be overcome in the presence of the correct differentiation stimuli, supporting the idea that CD90 level manipulation may lead to more efficient differentiation rates in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Moraes
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- Centro Universitario do Distrito Federal UDF, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Tatiana T. Sibov
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Lorena F. Pavon
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Paula Q. Alvim
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Raphael S. Bonadio
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Jaqueline R. Da Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Orlando A. Toledo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Luciana C. Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Daniela M. Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- IB-Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília - UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, CEP 70910-970 Brazil
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Mohammad MH, Al-Shammari AM, Al-Juboory AA, Yaseen NY. Characterization of neural stemness status through the neurogenesis process for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 9:1-15. [PMID: 27143939 PMCID: PMC4846075 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s94545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro isolation, identification, differentiation, and neurogenesis characterization of the sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated to produce two types of cells in culture: neural cells and neural stem cells (NSCs). These types of stem cells were used as successful sources for the further treatment of central nervous system defects and injuries. The mouse bone marrow MSCs were used as the source of the stem cells in this study. β-Mercaptoethanol (BME) was used as the main inducer of the neurogenesis pathway to induce neural cells and to identify NSCs. Three types of neural markers were used: nestin as the immaturation stage marker, neurofilament light chain as the early neural marker, and microtubule-associated protein 2 as the maturation marker through different time intervals in the neurogenesis process starting from the MSCs, (as undifferentiated cells), NSCs, production stages, and toward neuron cells (as differentiated cells). The results of different exposure times to BME of the neural markers analysis done by immunocytochemistry and real time-polymerase chain reaction helped us to identify the exact timing for the neural stemness state. The results showed that the best exposure time that may be used for the production of NSCs was 6 hours. The best maintenance media for NSCs were also identified. Furthermore, we optimized exposure to BME with different times and concentrations, which could be an interesting way to modulate specific neuronal differentiation and obtain autologous neuronal phenotypes. This study was able to characterize NSCs in culture under differentiation for neurogenesis in the pathway of the neural differentiation process by studying the expressed neural genes and the ability to maintain these NSCs in culture for further differentiation in thousands of functional neurons for the treatment of brain and spinal cord injuries and defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeda H Mohammad
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center of Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Al-Shammari
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center of Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Nahi Y Yaseen
- Experimental Therapy Department, Iraqi Center of Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Magnetic induction heating of superparamagnetic nanoparticles during rewarming augments the recovery of hUCM-MSCs cryopreserved by vitrification. Acta Biomater 2016; 33:264-74. [PMID: 26802443 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation by vitrification has been recognized as a promising strategy for long-term banking of living cells. However, the difficulty to generate a fast enough heating rate to minimize devitrification and recrystallization-induced intracellular ice formation during rewarming is one of the major obstacles to successful vitrification. We propose to overcome this hurdle by utilizing magnetic induction heating (MIH) of magnetic nanoparticles to enhance rewarming. In this study, superparamagnetic (SPM) Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical coprecipitation method. We successfully applied the MIH of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for rewarming human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells (hUCM-MSCs) cryopreserved by vitrification. Our results show that extracellular Fe3O4 nanoparticles with MIH may efficiently suppress devitrification and/or recrystallization during rewarming and significantly improve the survival of vitrified cells. We further optimized the concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the current of an alternating current (AC) magnetic field for generating the MIH to maximize cell viability. Our results indicate that MIH in an AC magnetic field with 0.05% (w/v) Fe3O4 nanoparticles significantly facilitates rewarming and improves the cryopreservation outcome of hUCM-MSCs by vitrification. The application of MIH of SPM nanoparticles to achieve rapid and spatially homogeneous heating is a promising strategy for enhanced cryopreservation of stem cells by vitrification. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Here we report the successful synthesis and application of Fe3O4 nanoparticles for magnetic induction heating (MIH) to enhance rewarming of vitrification-cryopreserved human umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells (hUCM-MSCs). We found that MIH-enhanced rewarming greatly improves the survival of vitrification-cryopreserved hUCM-MSCs. Moreover, the hUCM-MSCs retain their intact stemness and multilineage potential of differentiation post cryopreservation by vitrification with the MIH-enhanced rewarming. Therefore, the novel MIH-enhanced cell vitrification is valuable to facilitate the long-term storage of hUCM-MSCs and possibly many other important cells to meet their ever-increasing demand by the burgeoning cell-based medicine.
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Rao SR, Subbarayan R, Dinesh MG, Arumugam G, Raja STK. Differentiation of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal lineages in 3D bioconjugated injectable protein hydrogel construct for the management of neuronal disorder. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e209. [PMID: 26869025 PMCID: PMC4892868 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of regeneration attempt is based on an ideal combination of stem cells, scaffolding and growth factors. Tissue constructs help to maintain stem cells in a required area for a desired time. There is a need for easily obtainable cells, potentially autologous stem cells and a biologically acceptable scaffold for use in humans in different difficult situations. This study aims to address these issues utilizing a unique combination of stem cells from gingiva and a hydrogel scaffold, based on a natural product for regenerative application. Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (HGMSCs) were, with due induction, differentiated to neuronal lineages to overcome the problems associated with birth tissue-related stem cells. The differentiation potential of neuronal lineages was confirmed with suitable specific markers. The properties of mesenchymal stem cells in encapsulated form were observed to be similar to free cells. The encapsulated cells (3D) were then subjected to differentiation into neuronal lineages with suitable inducers, and the morphology and gene expression of transient cells were analyzed. HGMSCs was differentiated into neuronal lineages as both free and encapsulated forms without any significant differences. The presence of Nissl bodies and the neurite outgrowth confirm the differentiation. The advantages of this new combination appear to make it a promising tissue construct for translational application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ranga Rao
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Murugan Girija Dinesh
- Centres for Indian Systems of Medicine Quality Assurance and Standardization, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Gnanamani Arumugam
- Microbiology Division, Central Leather Research Institute Adyar, Chennai, India
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Sah SK, Park KH, Yun CO, Kang KS, Kim TY. Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transduced with Superoxide Dismutase on Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:233-48. [PMID: 26462411 PMCID: PMC4753626 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed in several autoimmune diseases and successfully tested in animal models, but their contribution to psoriasis and underlying pathways remains elusive. Likewise, an increased or prolonged presence of reactive oxygen species and aberrant antioxidant systems in skin are known to contribute to the development of psoriasis and therefore effective antioxidant therapy is highly required. We explored the feasibility of using extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3)-transduced allogeneic MSCs as a novel therapeutic approach in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like inflammation and investigated the poorly understood underlying mechanism. In addition, the chronicity and late-phase response of inflammation were evaluated during continued activation of antigen receptors by applying a booster dose of IMQ. RESULTS Subcutaneous injection of allogeneic SOD3-transduced MSCs significantly prevented psoriasis development in our IMQ-induced mouse model, likely through a suppression of proliferation and infiltration of various effector cells into skin with a concomitant modulated cytokine and chemokine expression and inhibition of signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor-7, nuclear factor-kappa B, p38 mitogen-activated kinase, and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, as well as adenosine receptor activation. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Our data offer a novel therapeutic approach to chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis by leveraging immunomodulatory effects of MSCs as well as SOD3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- 1 Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Park
- 2 Biological Sciences Center, University of Minnesota Twin Cities , St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- 4 Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- 1 Laboratory of Dermato-Immunology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease, but its implementation is limited by organ shortage and immune rejection. Side effects of current immunosuppressive drugs, such as nephrotoxicity, opportunistic infection, and tumorigenic potential, influence long-term graft outcomes. In recent years, continued research and subsequent discoveries concerning the properties and potential utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have aroused considerable interest and expectations. Biological characteristics of MSCs, including multi-lineage differentiation, homing potential, paracrine effect and immunomodulation, have opened new horizons for applications in kidney transplantation. However, many studies have shown that the biological activity of MSCs depends on internal inflammatory conditions, and the safety and efficacy of the clinical application of MSCs remain controversial. This review summarizes the findings of a large number of studies and aims to provide an objective viewpoint based on a comprehensive analysis of the presently established benefits and obstacles of implementing MSC-based therapy in kidney transplantation, and to promote its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zarbakhsh S, Goudarzi N, Shirmohammadi M, Safari M. Histological Study of Bone Marrow and Umbilical Cord Stromal Cell Transplantation in Regenerating Rat Peripheral Nerve. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:668-77. [PMID: 26862526 PMCID: PMC4746417 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Bone marrow and umbilical cord stromal cells are multipotential stem cells
that have the ability to produce growth factors that play an important role in survival and
generation of axons. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of the two different
mesenchymal stem cells on peripheral nerve regeneration.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, a 10 mm segment of the left sciatic
nerve of male Wistar rats (250-300 g) was removed with a silicone tube interposed into
this nerve gap. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical cord stromal
cells (HUCSCs) were respectively obtained from rat and human. The cells were sepa-
rately cultured and transplanted into the nerve gap. The sciatic nerve regeneration was
evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and light and electron microscopy. Moreover, histo-
morphology of the gastrocnemius muscle was observed.
Results The nerve regeneration in the BMSCs and HUCSCs groups that had received
the stem cells was significantly more favorable than the control group. In addition, the BM-
SCs group was significantly more favorable than the HUCSCs group (P<0.05).
Conclusion The results of this study suggest that both homograft BMSCs and het-
erograft HUCSCs may have the potential to regenerate peripheral nerve injury and
transplantation of BMSCs may be more effective than HUCSCs in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Zarbakhsh
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nasim Goudarzi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shirmohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Safari
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Latorre E, Carelli S, Caremoli F, Giallongo T, Colli M, Canazza A, Provenzani A, Di Giulio AM, Gorio A. Human Antigen R Binding and Regulation of SOX2 mRNA in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:243-52. [PMID: 26677051 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, sex determining region y-box 2 (SOX2) has drawn the attention of the scientific community for being one of the key transcription factors responsible for pluripotency induction in somatic stem cells. Our research investigated the turnover regulation of SOX2 mRNA in human adipose-derived stem cells, considered one of the most valuable sources of somatic stem cells in regenerative medicine. Mitoxantrone is a drug that acts on nucleic acids primarily used to treat certain types of cancer and was recently shown to ameliorate the outcome of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In addition, mitoxantrone has been shown to inhibit the binding of human antigen R (HuR) RNA-binding protein to tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA. Our results show that HuR binds to the 3'-untranslated region of SOX2 mRNA together with the RNA-induced silencing complex miR145. The HuR binding works by stabilizing the interaction between the 3'-untranslated region and the RNA-induced silencing complex. Cell exposure to mitoxantrone leads to HuR detachment and the subsequent prolongation of the SOX2 mRNA half-life. The prolonged SOX2 half-life allows improvement of the spheroid-forming capability of the adipose-derived stem cells. The silencing of HuR confirmed the above observations and illustrates how the RNA-binding protein HuR may be a required molecule for regulation of SOX2 mRNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Latorre
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Filippo Caremoli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Mattia Colli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Alessandra Canazza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Anna Maria Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
| | - Alfredo Gorio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (E.L., S.C., F.C., T.G., M.C., A.M.D.G., A.G.); Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy (A.C.); and Laboratory of Genomic Screening Center for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy (A.P.)
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BDNF-hypersecreting human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells promote erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve electrocautery injury. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 48:37-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Rammal H, Harmouch C, Lataillade JJ, Laurent-Maquin D, Labrude P, Menu P, Kerdjoudj H. Stem cells: a promising source for vascular regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 23:2931-49. [PMID: 25167472 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising and diversity of many human vascular diseases pose urgent needs for the development of novel therapeutics. Stem cell therapy represents a challenge in the medicine of the twenty-first century, an area where tissue engineering and regenerative medicine gather to provide promising treatments for a wide variety of diseases. Indeed, with their extensive regeneration potential and functional multilineage differentiation capacity, stem cells are now highlighted as promising cell sources for regenerative medicine. Their multilineage differentiation involves environmental factors such as biochemical, extracellular matrix coating, oxygen tension, and mechanical forces. In this review, we will focus on human stem cell sources and their applications in vascular regeneration. We will also discuss the different strategies used for their differentiation into both mature and functional smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rammal
- 1 UMR 7365, Biopôle, Faculté de Médecine, CNRS-Université de Lorraine , Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Park HW, Chang JW, Yang YS, Oh W, Hwang JH, Kim DG, Paek SH. The Effect of Donor-Dependent Administration of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells following Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Exp Neurobiol 2015; 24:358-65. [PMID: 26713083 PMCID: PMC4688335 DOI: 10.5607/en.2015.24.4.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is an ischemic disease caused by clotted vessel-induced cell damage. It is characterized by high morbidity and mortality and is typically treated with a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). However, this therapy is limited by temporal constraints. Recently, several studies have focused on cell therapy as an alternative treatment. Most researches have used fixed donor cell administration, and hence, the effect of donor-dependent cell administration is unknown. In this study, we administered 3 types of donor-derived human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) in the ischemic boundary zone of the ischemic stroke rat model. We then performed functional and pathological characterization using rotarod, the limb placement test, and immunofluorescent staining. We observed a significant decrease in neuron number, and notable stroke-like motor dysfunction, as assessed by the rotarod test (~40% decrease in time) and the limb placement test (4.5 point increase) in control rats with ischemic stroke. The neurobehavioral performance of the rats with ischemic stroke that were treated with hUCB-MSCs was significantly better than that of rats in the vehicle-injected control group. Regardless of which donor cells were used, hUCB-MSC transplantation resulted in an accumulation of neuronal progenitor cells, and angiogenic and tissue repair factors in the ischemic boundary zone. The neurogenic and angiogenic profiles of the 3 types of hUCB-MSCs were very similar. Our results suggest that intraparenchymal administration of hUCB-MSCs results in significant therapeutic effects in the ischemic brain regardless of the type of donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd, Seoul 13494, Korea
| | - Wonil Oh
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd, Seoul 13494, Korea
| | - Jae Ha Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea. ; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
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66
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Hosseini SM, Vasaghi A, Nakhlparvar N, Roshanravan R, Talaei-Khozani T, Razi Z. Differentiation of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells into neurons in alginate scaffold. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1312-6. [PMID: 26487861 PMCID: PMC4590246 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate scaffold has been considered as an appropriate biomaterial for promoting the differentiation of embryonic stem cells toward neuronal cell lineage. We hypothesized that alginate scaffold is suitable for culturing Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) and can promote the differentiation of WJMSCs into neuron-like cells. In this study, we cultured WJMSCs in a three-dimensional scaffold fabricated by 0.25% alginate and 50 mM CaCl2 in the presence of neurogenic medium containing 10 μM retinoic acid and 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor. These cells were also cultured in conventional two-dimensional culture condition in the presence of neurogenic medium as controls. After 10 days, immunofluorescence staining was performed for detecting β-tubulin (marker for WJMSCs-differentiated neuron) and CD271 (motor neuron marker). β-Tubulin and CD271 expression levels were significantly greater in the WJMSCs cultured in the three-dimensional alginate scaffold than in the conventional two-dimensional culture condition. These findings suggest that three-dimensional alginate scaffold cell culture system can induce neuronal differentiation of WJMSCs effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Attiyeh Vasaghi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Newsha Nakhlparvar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Roshanravan
- Colorectal Research Center, Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Razi
- Cell and Molecular Medicine Student Research Group, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Department of Medical Physics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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67
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A matter of identity — Phenotype and differentiation potential of human somatic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Ibrahim AM, Elgharabawi NM, Makhlouf MM, Ibrahim OY. Chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:667-75. [PMID: 26096638 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Different therapeutic techniques have been developed for regeneration of articular cartilage injuries, but none has provided an optimal solution to their treatment. Human umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal Stem Cells (HUCB-MSCs) have been considered as promising alternative cell source for cartilage repair. OBJECTIVES Examining the success rate of MSCs isolation from HUCB as well as chondrogenic differentiation potential of HUCB-MSCs in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 UCB samples were collected, in addition to 5 bone marrow (BM) and 5 peripheral blood (PB) samples, taken as reference controls. Samples were used for mononuclear cells isolation from which MSCs were expanded under complete aseptic conditions, were verified morphologically and through the presence of CD44 and CD105, and absence of CD34. RESULTS Success rate of UCB-MSCs isolation was (25%), a rate that was lower than those of PB (40%) and BM (80%). Accordingly, certain input parameters have been recommended for successful MSCs isolation from UCB. On selecting samples in which recommended parameters were fulfilled, success rate was increased to 72%. This was together with providing optimal experiment conditions; mainly type of expansion medium, success rate reached 80%. Then, successfully expanded MSCs were subjected to chondrogenic differentiation by culturing in pelleted micromass system in presence of transforming growth factor beta-1 and chondrogenic medium devoid of fetal bovine serum to evaluate their ability to undergo chondrogenesis. Differentiation was verified microscopically using special stains, and proved by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for expression of aggrecan and collagen II genes. In conclusion, in vitro differentiation into chondrocytes is possible from HUCB-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Mostafa Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, El-Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrine Mohamed Elgharabawi
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, El-Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Mohamed Makhlouf
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, El-Kasr El-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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An Overview on Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Based Alternative In Vitro Models for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3216-3226. [PMID: 26041658 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The developing brain is found highly vulnerable towards the exposure of different environmental chemicals/drugs, even at concentrations, those are generally considered safe in mature brain. The brain development is a very complex phenomenon which involves several processes running in parallel such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation and synaptogenesis. If any step of these cellular processes hampered due to exposure of any xenobiotic/drug, there is almost no chance of recovery which could finally result in a life-long disability. Therefore, the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessment of newly discovered drugs/molecules is a very serious concern among the neurologists. Animal-based DNT models have their own limitations such as ethical concerns and lower sensitivity with less predictive values in humans. Furthermore, non-availability of human foetal brain tissues/cells makes job more difficult to understand about mechanisms involve in DNT in human beings. Although, the use of cell culture have been proven as a powerful tool for DNT assessment, but many in vitro models are currently utilizing genetically unstable cell lines. The interpretation of data generated using such terminally differentiated cells is hard to extrapolate with in vivo situations. However, human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) have been proposed as an excellent tool for alternative DNT testing because neuronal development from undifferentiated state could exactly mimic the original pattern of neuronal development in foetus when hUCBSCs differentiated into neuronal cells. Additionally, less ethical concern, easy availability and high plasticity make them an attractive source for establishing in vitro model of DNT assessment. In this review, we are focusing towards recent advancements on hUCBSCs-based in vitro model to understand DNTs.
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70
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Ziadlou R, Shahhoseini M, Safari F, Sayahpour FA, Nemati S, Eslaminejad MB. Comparative analysis of neural differentiation potential in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from chorion and adult bone marrow. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:367-77. [PMID: 26022335 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The finding of a reliable and abundant source of stem cells for the replacement of missing neurons in nervous system diseases requires extensive characterization of neural-differentiation-associated markers in stem cells from various sources. Chorion-derived stem cells from the human placenta have recently been described as an abundant, ethically acceptable, and easily accessible source of cells that are not limited in the same way as bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We have isolated and cultured chorion MSCs (C-MSCs) and compared their proliferative capacity, multipotency, and neural differentiation ability with BM-MSCs. C-MSCs showed a higher proliferative capacity compared with BM-MSCs. The expression and histone modification of Nestin, as a marker for neural stem/progenitor cells, was evaluated quantitatively between the two groups. The Nestin expression level in C-MSCs was significantly higher than that in BM-MSCs. Notably, modifications of lys9, lys4, and lys27 of histone H3 agreed with the remarkable higher expression of Nestin in C-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, after neural differentiation of MSCs upon retinoic acid induction, both immunocytochemical and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that the expression of neural marker genes was significantly higher in neural-induced C-MSCs compared with BM-MSCs. Mature neuron marker genes were also expressed at a significantly higher level in C-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Thus, C-MSCs have a greater potential than BM-MSCs for differentiation to neural cell lineages and can be regarded as a promising source of stem cells for the cell therapy of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihane Ziadlou
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Department of Genetics at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forugh-Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Nemati
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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71
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Therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells on erectile function in rats with cavernous nerve injury. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1515-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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72
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Zhou Y, Lu Y, Fang X, Zhang J, Li J, Li S, Deng X, Yu Y, Xu R. An Astrocyte Regenerative Response from Vimentin-Containing Cells in the Spinal Cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis's Disease-Like Transgenic (G93A SOD1) Mice. NEURODEGENER DIS 2015; 15:1-12. [DOI: 10.1159/000369466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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73
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Lunn JS, Sakowski SA, Feldman EL. Concise review: Stem cell therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: recent advances and prospects for the future. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1099-109. [PMID: 24448926 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease involving the loss of motor neurons. Although the mechanisms responsible for motor neuron degeneration in ALS remain elusive, the development of stem cell-based therapies for the treatment of ALS has gained widespread support. Here, we review the types of stem cells being considered for therapeutic applications in ALS, and emphasize recent preclinical advances that provide supportive rationale for clinical translation. We also discuss early trials from around the world translating cellular therapies to ALS patients, and offer important considerations for future clinical trial design. Although clinical translation is still in its infancy, and additional insight into the mechanisms underlying therapeutic efficacy and the establishment of long-term safety are required, these studies represent an important first step toward the development of effective cellular therapies for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simon Lunn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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74
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Purandare B, Teklemariam T, Zhao L, Hantash BM. Temporal HLA profiling and immunomodulatory effects of human adult bone marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Regen Med 2014; 9:67-79. [PMID: 24351007 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the temporal HLA expression profile and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during in vitro expansion. MATERIALS & METHODS Adult bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (AMSCs) were cultured and HLA class I and II mRNA expression were investigated during serial expansion using semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The immunomodulatory properties of MSCs were monitored using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS Semiquantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed that classical HLA class I molecules were highly expressed in MSCs and remained relatively stable during extended culture. Variable expression levels of HLA class II molecules were detected in both BMSCs and AMSCs across passages. AMSCs were more resistant to PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity and suppressed PBMC proliferation more than BMSCs, although the effect was diminished with increasing passage. CONCLUSION These findings provide insight regarding the relationship between MSC passage number and MSC immunosuppressive properties and suggest that AMSCs hold advantages over BMSCs for immunomodulatory therapeutic purposes.
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Achyut BR, Varma NRS, Arbab AS. Application of Umbilical Cord Blood Derived Stem Cells in Diseases of the Nervous System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4. [PMID: 25599002 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived multipotent stem cells are capable of giving rise hematopoietic, epithelial, endothelial and neural progenitor cells. Thus suggested to significantly improve graft-versus-host disease and represent the distinctive therapeutic option for several malignant and non-malignant diseases. Recent advances in strategies to isolate, expand and shorten the timing of UCB stem cells engraftment have tremendously improved the efficacy of transplantations. Nervous system has limited regenerative potential in disease conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration, stroke, and several neural injuries. This review focuses on application of UCB derived stem/progenitor cells in aforementioned pathological conditions. We have discussed the possible attempts to make use of UCB therapies to generate neural cells and tissues with developmental and functional similarities to neuronal cells. In addition, emerging applications of UCB derived AC133+ (CD133+) endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) as imaging probe, regenerative agent, and gene delivery vehicle are mentioned that will further improve the understanding of use of UCB cells in therapeutic modalities. However, safe and effective protocols for cell transplantations are still required for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagelu R Achyut
- Tumor Angiogenesis Lab, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Ali S Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis Lab, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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76
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Jia H, Caputo M, Ghorbel MT. Stem cells in vascular graft tissue engineering for congenital heart surgery. Interv Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.13.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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77
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Huang B, Li K, Yu J, Zhang M, Li Y, Li W, Wang W, Guan L, Zhang W, Lin S, Huang X, Lin L, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Song X, Wang Z, Ge J. Generation of human epidermis-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like pluripotent cells (hEMSCPCs). Sci Rep 2013; 3:1933. [PMID: 23733028 PMCID: PMC3671356 DOI: 10.1038/srep01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We isolated human epidermis-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like pluripotent cells (hEMSCPCs) and demonstrate efficient harvesting, maintenance in vitro for at least 30 passages, reprogramming into multiple phenotypes in vivo, and integration into adult host tissues after injection into the mouse blastocyst to create chimeras. Cell phenotype was examined by karyotyping, immunostaining, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. A nested PCR protocol using primers specific for human SRY genes was designed to detect hEMSCPC-derived cells in female chimeric mice. FISH was used to validate the results of nested PCR. Results indicated that hEMSCPCs were derived from epidermis but were distinct from epidermal cells; they resembled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) morphologically and expressed the main markers of MSCs. About half of all female offspring of mice implanted with embryos injected with hEMSCPCs at the blastocyst stage harbored the human Y chromosome and tissue-specific human protein, thereby demonstrating the transdifferentiation of hEMSCPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, GuangZhou 510060, China.
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Anderson P, Carrillo-Gálvez AB, García-Pérez A, Cobo M, Martín F. CD105 (endoglin)-negative murine mesenchymal stromal cells define a new multipotent subpopulation with distinct differentiation and immunomodulatory capacities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76979. [PMID: 24124603 PMCID: PMC3790740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of in vitro expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represents a promising therapy for regenerative medicine and autoimmunity. Both mouse and human MSCs ameliorate autoimmune disease in syn-, allo- and xenogeneic settings. However, MSC preparations are heterogeneous which impairs their therapeutic efficacy and endorses variability between experiments. This heterogeneity has also been a main hurdle in translating experimental MSC data from mouse models to human patients. The objective of the present manuscript has been to further characterize murine MSCs (mMSCs) with the aim of designing more efficient and specific MSC-based therapies. We have found that mMSCs are heterogeneous for endoglin (CD105) expression and that this heterogeneity is not due to different stages of MSC differentiation. CD105 is induced on a subpopulation of mMSCs early upon in vitro culture giving rise to CD105+ and CD105- MSCs. CD105+ and CD105- mMSCs represent independent subpopulations that maintain their properties upon several passages. CD105 expression on CD105+ mMSCs was affected by passage number and cell confluency while CD105- mMSCs remained negative. The CD105+ and CD105- mMSC subpopulations had similar growth potential and expressed almost identical mMSC markers (CD29+CD44+Sca1 + MHC-I+ and CD45-CD11b-CD31-) but varied in their differentiation and immunoregulatory properties. Interestingly, CD105- mMSCs were more prone to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes and suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ T cells more efficiently compared to CD105+ mMSCs. Based on these studies we propose to redefine the phenotype of mMSCs based on CD105 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Anderson
- Department of Human DNA Variability, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Belén Carrillo-Gálvez
- Department of Human DNA Variability, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angélica García-Pérez
- Department of Human DNA Variability, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marién Cobo
- Department of Human DNA Variability, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín
- Department of Human DNA Variability, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
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Wang L, Lu M. Regulation and direction of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells to adopt neuronal fate. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:149-59. [PMID: 23879374 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.828055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) transplantation is becoming a promising and attractive cell-based treatment modality for repairing the damaged central nervous system due to its advantages of low immunogenicity, wide range of sources, and less ethical controversy. One of the limitations of this approach is that the proportion of neurons differentiated from UCB-MSCs still remains at low level. Thus, to induce UCB-MSCs to differentiate into neuron-like cells with a higher proportion is one of the key technologies of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Many induction protocols with remarkably higher differentiation rate to neurons have been reported. However, each protocol has its pros and cons and whether the neurons differentiated from UCB-MSCs under a certain protocol has normal nerve function remains controversial. Therefore, to guarantee the success of future clinical applications of UCB-MSCs, more investigations should be performed to improve the induction method and differentiation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (163 Hospital of PLA) , Changsha, Hunan , China
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Chen S, Liu S, Xu L, Yang L, Jin Z, Ma Y, Li B, Wu X, Yang J, Ma Y, Li Y. The characteristic expression pattern of BMI-1 and SALL4 genes in placenta tissue and cord blood. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:49. [PMID: 23632167 PMCID: PMC3706899 DOI: 10.1186/scrt199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction SALL4 and BMI-1 are important factors in hematopoiesis. Placental tissue (PT) and umbilical cord blood (CB) are rich in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs), but their SALL4 and BMI-1 expression levels remain unknown. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression level of these genes in PT and CB from ten cases, and ten healthy donors were used as controls. Results A significantly higher BMI-1 and SALL4 gene expression level was found in PT (median: 17.548 and 34.362, respectively) than in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) (median: 2.071 and 11.300, respectively) (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.007) and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (median: 0.259 and 0.384, respectively) (P = 0.001 and P <0.0001), and their expression level was lower in PBMCs than in CBMCs (P = 0.029 and P = 0.002). A positive correlation between the BMI-1 and SALL4 genes was found in the PT and CB groups, while there was no significant correlation between these genes in the healthy group. There was also no significant correlation between the expression level of each gene in PT and CB. Conclusions These results describe the characteristic features of the BMI-1 and SALL4 gene expression pattern in placental tissue and cord blood. Placental tissue with higher expression level of both genes may be considered as a potential resource for SALL4-related HPC expansion.
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