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Nanorod diameter modulated osteogenic activity of hierarchical micropore/nanorod-patterned coatings via a Wnt/β-catenin pathway. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1719-1731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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52
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Keremidarska-Markova M, Radeva E, Mitev D, Hristova-Panusheva K, Paull B, Nesterenko P, Šepitka J, Junkar I, Iglič A, Krasteva N. Increased elastic modulus of plasma polymer coatings reinforced with detonation nanodiamond particles improves osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Turk J Biol 2018; 42:195-203. [PMID: 30814881 PMCID: PMC6353295 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1711-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we demonstrated that composite PPHMDS/DND coatings with elastic moduli close to those of mature bone tissue (0.2-2.8 GPa) stimulated growth and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). Composite coatings were prepared by a method of plasma polymerization (PP) where detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles in different amounts (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) were added to hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) before plasma deposition. This method allows variation only in the reduced elastic modulus (Er´) with increase in the particle concentration, while the other surface properties, including surface wettability and topography, did not change. The response of hAD-MSCs to the increasing stifness showed an effect on adhesion and osteogenic differentiation but not on cell proliferation. Matrix mineralization and cell spreading were maximized on PPHMDS/DND coatings with the highest elastic modulus (2.826 GPa), while the differences in proliferation rates among the samples were negligible. In general, PPHMDS/DND coatings provide better conditions for growth and osteogenic differentiation of hAD-MSCs in comparison to glass coverslips, confirming their suitability for osteo-integration applications. Additionally, our findings support the hypothesis that biomaterials with elasticity similar to that of the native tissue can improve the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina Radeva
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Mitev
- Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Šepitka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ita Junkar
- Jozef Stefan Institute , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Natalia Krasteva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
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Pellikaan P, Giarmatzis G, Vander Sloten J, Verschueren S, Jonkers I. Ranking of osteogenic potential of physical exercises in postmenopausal women based on femoral neck strains. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195463. [PMID: 29617448 PMCID: PMC5884624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess the potential of different exercises triggering an osteogenic response at the femoral neck in a group of postmenopausal women. The osteogenic potential was determined by ranking the peak hip contact forces (HCFs) and consequent peak tensile and compressive strains at the superior and inferior part of the femoral neck during activities such as (fast) walking, running and resistance training exercises. Results indicate that fast walking (5-6 km/h) running and hopping induced significantly higher strains at the femoral neck than walking at 4 km/h which is considered a baseline exercise for bone preservation. Exercises with a high fracture risk such as hopping, need to be considered carefully especially in a frail elderly population and may therefore not be suitable as a training exercise. Since superior femoral neck frailness is related to elevated hip fracture risk, exercises such as fast walking (above 5 km/h) and running can be highly recommended to stimulate this particular area. Our results suggest that a training program including fast walking (above 5 km/h) and running exercises may increase or preserve the bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Pellikaan
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Georgios Giarmatzis
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Vander Sloten
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yamamoto T, Ugawa Y, Kawamura M, Yamashiro K, Kochi S, Ideguchi H, Takashiba S. Modulation of microenvironment for controlling the fate of periodontal ligament cells: the role of Rho/ROCK signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:369-378. [PMID: 29086204 PMCID: PMC5842188 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells behave in a variety of ways when they perceive changes in their microenvironment; the behavior of cells is guided by their coordinated interactions with growth factors, niche cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Modulation of the microenvironment affects the cell morphology and multiple gene expressions. Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) signaling is one of the key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics and actively and/or passively determines the cell fate, such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis, by reciprocal communication with the microenvironment. During periodontal wound healing, it is important to recruit the residential stem cells into the defect site for regeneration and homeostasis of the periodontal tissue. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells contain a heterogeneous fibroblast population, including mesenchymal stem cells, and contribute to the reconstruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Therefore, bio-regeneration of PDL cells has been the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy for decades. Recent stem cell researches have shed light on intrinsic ECM properties, providing paradigm shifts in cell fate determination. This review focuses on the role of ROCK activity and the effects of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, in the modulation of ECM-microenvironment. Further, it presents the current understanding of how Rho/ROCK signaling affects the fate determination of stem cells, especially PDL cells. In addition, we have also discussed in detail the underlying mechanisms behind the reciprocal response to the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuki Ugawa
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamashiro
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kochi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ideguchi
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology - Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
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Brown S, Matta A, Erwin M, Roberts S, Gruber HE, Hanley EN, Little CB, Melrose J. Cell Clusters Are Indicative of Stem Cell Activity in the Degenerate Intervertebral Disc: Can Their Properties Be Manipulated to Improve Intrinsic Repair of the Disc? Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:147-165. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Brown
- Spinal Studies and ISTM (Keele University), Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay Matta
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Erwin
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sally Roberts
- Spinal Studies and ISTM (Keele University), Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Edward N. Hanley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Christopher B. Little
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney. Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney. Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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56
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Tew LS, Ching JY, Ngalim SH, Khung YL. Driving mesenchymal stem cell differentiation from self-assembled monolayers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6551-6564. [PMID: 35540392 PMCID: PMC9078311 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) systems to direct Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) differentiation has been covered in the literature for years, but finding a general consensus pertaining to its exact role over the differentiation of stem cells had been rather challenging. Although there are numerous reports on surface functional moieties activating and inducing differentiation, the results are often different between reports due to the varying surface conditions, such as topography or surface tension. Herein, in view of the complexity of the subject matter, we have sought to catalogue the recent developments around some of the more common functional groups on predominantly hard surfaces and how these chemical groups may influence the overall outcome of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiation so as to better establish a clearer underlying relationship between stem cells and their base substratum interactions. Graphical illustration showing the functional groups that drive MSC differentiation without soluble bioactive cues within the first 14 days.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- L. S. Tew
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI)
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - J. Y. Ching
- Institute of Biological Science and Technology
- China Medical University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
| | - S. H. Ngalim
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI)
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Y. L. Khung
- Institute of New Drug Development
- China Medical University
- Taichung
- Republic of China
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57
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Sansone V, Brañes M, Romeo P. A novel bimodal approach for treating atrophic bone non-unions with extracorporeal shockwaves and autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant. Med Hypotheses 2017; 111:4-7. [PMID: 29406993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose a novel approach for the treatment of atrophic bone non-unions via parallel applications of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and an autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplant. The hypothesis resides on the potentiality of shock waves (SWs) to act as a tool for manipulating the patient's mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition to the conventional physical stimulus achieved by delivering SWs at the site of non-union to stimulate the well-known trophic effects on bone tissue, a series of concomitant ESWT would be administered in tandem at a bone marrow donor site, such as the iliac crest, to precondition resident bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vivo, priming resident MSCs by enlarging and conditioning their population prior to bone marrow aspiration. The resulting sample could then be treated to further augment cell concentration and injected, under fluoroscopic control, into the non-union site through a percutaneous approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Sansone
- Department of Orthopaedics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy; Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuel Brañes
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Pietro Romeo
- Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
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58
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Gavazzo P, Petecchia L, Facci P, Vassalli M, Viti F. Controlled single-cell cyclic compression and transcription analysis: A pilot study. Biophys Chem 2017; 229:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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59
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Mechanical stress affects methylation pattern of GNAS isoforms and osteogenic differentiation of hAT-MSCs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1371-1381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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60
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Iwata N, Nozaki K, Horiuchi N, Yamashita K, Tsutsumi Y, Miura H, Nagai A. Effects of controlled micro-/nanosurfaces on osteoblast proliferation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2589-2596. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Iwata
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kosuke Nozaki
- Department of Biofunction Research; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naohiro Horiuchi
- Department of Inorganic Biomaterials; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Department of Inorganic Biomaterials; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Department of Metallic Biomaterials; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akiko Nagai
- Department of Biofunction Research; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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61
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Virjula S, Zhao F, Leivo J, Vanhatupa S, Kreutzer J, Vaughan TJ, Honkala AM, Viehrig M, Mullen CA, Kallio P, McNamara LM, Miettinen S. The effect of equiaxial stretching on the osteogenic differentiation and mechanical properties of human adipose stem cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 72:38-48. [PMID: 28448920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although mechanical cues are known to affect stem cell fate and mechanobiology, the significance of such stimuli on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term mechanical stimulation on the attachment, osteogenic differentiation and mechanical properties of hASCs. Tailor-made, pneumatic cell stretching devices were used to expose hASCs to cyclic equiaxial stretching in osteogenic medium. Cell attachment and focal adhesions were visualised using immunocytochemical vinculin staining on days 3 and 6, and the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity, as a sign of early osteogenic differentiation, were analysed on days 0, 6 and 10. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of hASCs, in terms of apparent Young's modulus and normalised contractility, were obtained using a combination of atomic force microscopy based indentation and computational approaches. Our results indicated that cyclic equiaxial stretching delayed proliferation and promoted osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Stretching also reduced cell size and intensified focal adhesions and actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, cell stiffening was observed during osteogenic differentiation and especially under mechanical stimulation. These results suggest that cyclic equiaxial stretching modifies cell morphology, focal adhesion formation and mechanical properties of hASCs. This could be exploited to enhance osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Virjula
- Adult Stem Cell Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Feihu Zhao
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Joni Leivo
- Department of Automation Science and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Sari Vanhatupa
- Adult Stem Cell Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- Department of Automation Science and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Anna-Maija Honkala
- Adult Stem Cell Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Marlitt Viehrig
- Department of Automation Science and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Conleth A Mullen
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Pasi Kallio
- Department of Automation Science and Engineering, BioMediTech, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Lääkärinkatu 1, 33520 Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
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Shin JW, Wu Y, Kang YG, Kim JK, Choi HJ, Shin JW. The Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Mechanical Stimulation on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Individual or Synergistic Effects. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:307-315. [PMID: 30603487 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the roles and effects of EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) during the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. Recent studies have shown that proper mechanical stimuli can induce osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs apart from biochemical factors. In this study, the hMSC cultures were subjected to: (1) 25 uM EGCG alone or (2) 3% mechanical stretching (0.2 Hz for 4 h/day for 4 days) or (3) in combination with 3% mechanical stretching (0.2 Hz for 4 h/day for 4 days). The two factors were applied to the cell cultures separately and in combination to investigate the individual and synergistic effect of both mechanical stimulation and ECGC in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Utilizing real time PCR, we measured various osteogenic markers and even those related to intracellular signalings. Further investigation of mitochondria was performed that mitochondria biogenesis, antioxidant capacity, and morphological related markers were measured. hMSCs were to be osteogenic or myogenic differentiated when they were under 3% stretching only. However, when EGCG was applied along with stretching they were to be osteogenic differentiated rather than to be myogenic differentiated. This was supported by evaluating intracellular signalings: BMP-2 and VEGF. Therefore, the synergistical effects of simultaneous employment of stretching and EGCG on osteogenic differentiation were confirmed. Moreover, simultaneous employment was found positive in mitochondria biogenesis, antioxidant capacity, and morphological changes. Through this study, we came into the conclusion that the combination of proper mechanical stretching, 3% in this study, and EGCG promote osteogenic differentiation. Reflecting that EGCG can be obtained from plants not from the chemical syntheses, it is worth to be studied further either by animal tests or long-term experiments for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Shin
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Yanru Wu
- 2Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Kang
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Jeong Koo Kim
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Choi
- Research and Development Team, Gimhae Biomedical Center, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834 Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea.,2Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea.,4Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center/Institute of Aged Life Redesign/UHARC, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, 50834 Korea
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63
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Song F, Jiang D, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen F, Xu G, Kang Y, Zhang Y. Mechanical Loading Improves Tendon-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Model by Promoting Proliferation and Matrix Formation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tendon Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:875-889. [DOI: 10.1159/000460005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: This study investigated the effect of mechanical stress on tendon-bone healing in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model as well as cell proliferation and matrix formation in co-culture of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and tendon cells (TCs). Methods: The effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy on tendon-bone healing in a rabbit ACL reconstruction model was evaluated by histological analysis, biomechanical testing and gene expressions at the tendon-bone interface. Furthermore, the effect of mechanical stretch on cell proliferation and matrix synthesis in BMSC/TC co-culture was also examined. Results: Postoperative CPM therapy significantly enhanced tendon-bone healing, as evidenced by increased amount of fibrocartilage, elevated ultimate load to failure levels, and up-regulated gene expressions of Collagen I, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, Tenascin C and tenomodulin at the tendon-bone junction. In addition, BMSC/TC co-culture treated with mechanical stretch showed a higher rate of cell proliferation and enhanced expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, Tenascin C and tenomodulin than that of controls. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that proliferation and differentiation of local precursor cells could be enhanced by mechanical stimulation, which results in enhanced regenerative potential of BMSCs and TCs in tendon-bone healing.
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Mechanical Stress Regulates Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells through PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6027402. [PMID: 28286769 PMCID: PMC5329655 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6027402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are regarded as being of great importance in the regulation of bone remodeling. In this study, rat BMSCs were exposed to different levels of cyclic mechanical stress generated by liquid drops and cultured in general medium or adipogenic medium. Markers of osteogenic (Runx2 and Collagen I) and adipogenic (C/EBPα, PPARγ, and lipid droplets) differentiation were detected using Western blot and histological staining. The protein levels of members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway were also examined. Results showed that small-magnitude stress significantly upregulated Runx2 and Collagen I and downregulated PPARγ and C/EBPα expression in BMSCs cultured in adipogenic medium, while large-magnitude stress reversed the effect when compared with unloading groups. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway could be strongly activated by mechanical stimulation; however, large-magnitude stress led to decreased activation of the signaling pathway when compared with small-magnitude stress. Activation of β-catenin with LiCl led to increased expression of Runx2 and Collagen I and reduction of C/EBPα and PPARγ expression in BMSCs. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling partially blocked the expression of β-catenin. Taken together, our results indicate that mechanical stress-regulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of rat BMSCs are mediated, at least in part, by the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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65
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Ng J, Spiller K, Bernhard J, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Biomimetic Approaches for Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:480-493. [PMID: 27912680 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although autologous bone grafts are considered a gold standard for the treatment of bone defects, they are limited by donor site morbidities and geometric requirements. We propose that tissue engineering technology can overcome such limitations by recreating fully viable and biological bone grafts. Specifically, we will discuss the use of bone scaffolds and autologous cells with bioreactor culture systems as a tissue engineering paradigm to grow bone in vitro. We will also discuss emergent vascularization strategies to promote graft survival in vivo, as well as the role of inflammation during bone repair. Finally, we will highlight some recent advances and discuss new solutions to bone repair inspired by endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Ng
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Kara Spiller
- 2 School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Bernhard
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York.,3 Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York
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66
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Ikegame M, Tabuchi Y, Furusawa Y, Kawai M, Hattori A, Kondo T, Yamamoto T. Tensile stress stimulates the expression of osteogenic cytokines/growth factors and matricellular proteins in the mouse cranial suture at the site of osteoblast differentiation. Biomed Res 2017; 37:117-26. [PMID: 27108881 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.37.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stress promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although numerous growth factors and cytokines are known to regulate this process, information regarding the differentiation of mechanically stimulated osteoblasts from MSCs in in vivo microenvironment is limited. To determine the significant factors involved in this process, we performed a global analysis of differentially expressed genes, in response to tensile stress, in the mouse cranial suture wherein osteoblasts differentiate from MSCs. We found that the gene expression levels of several components involved in bone morphogenetic protein, Wnt, and epithelial growth factor signalings were elevated with tensile stress. Moreover gene expression of some extracellular matrices (ECMs), such as cysteine rich protein 61 (Cyr61)/CCN1 and galectin-9, were upregulated. These ECMs have the ability to modulate the activities of cytokines and are known as matricellular proteins. Cyr61/CCN1 expression was prominently increased in the fibroblastic cells and preosteoblasts in the suture. Thus, for the first time we demonstrated the mechanical stimulation of Cyr61/CCN1 expression in osteogenic cells in an ex vivo system. These results suggest the importance of matricellular proteins along with the cytokine-mediated signaling for the mechanical regulation of MSC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblastic cell lineage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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67
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Patel SS, Tomar S, Sharma D, Mahindroo N, Udayabanu M. Targeting sonic hedgehog signaling in neurological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 74:76-97. [PMID: 28088536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling influences neurogenesis and neural patterning during the development of central nervous system. Dysregulation of Shh signaling in brain leads to neurological disorders like autism spectrum disorder, depression, dementia, stroke, Parkinson's diseases, Huntington's disease, locomotor deficit, epilepsy, demyelinating disease, neuropathies as well as brain tumors. The synthesis, processing and transport of Shh ligand as well as the localization of its receptors and signal transduction in the central nervous system has been carefully reviewed. Further, we summarize the regulation of small molecule modulators of Shh pathway with potential in neurological disorders. In conclusion, further studies are warranted to demonstrate the potential of positive and negative regulators of the Shh pathway in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita Sharan Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Tomar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Diksha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Post Box 9, Solan 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Malairaman Udayabanu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat 173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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68
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Griffin M, Nayyer L, Butler PE, Palgrave RG, Seifalian AM, Kalaskar DM. Development of mechano-responsive polymeric scaffolds using functionalized silica nano-fillers for the control of cellular functions. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1725-33. [PMID: 27013128 PMCID: PMC4949378 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient method to produce mechano-responsive polymeric scaffolds which can alter cellular functions using two different functionalized (OH and NH2) silica nano-fillers. Fumed silica-hydroxyl and fumed silica-amine nano-fillers were mixed with a biocompatible polymer (POSS-PCU) at various wt% to produce scaffolds. XPS and mechanical testing demonstrate that bulk mechanical properties are modified without changing the scaffold's surface chemistry. Mechanical testing showed significant change in bulk properties of POSS-PCU scaffolds with an addition of silica nanofillers as low as 1% (P<0.01). Scaffolds modified with NH2 silica showed significantly higher bulk mechanical properties compared to the one modified with the OH group. Enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation and collagen production over 14days were observed on scaffolds with higher bulk mechanical properties (NH2) compared to those with lower ones (unmodified and OH modified) (P<0.05) during in vitro analysis. This study provides an effective method of manufacturing mechano-responsive polymeric scaffolds, which can help to customize cellular responses for biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Nayyer
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E Butler
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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69
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Sen B, Xie Z, Uzer G, Thompson WR, Styner M, Wu X, Rubin J. Intranuclear Actin Regulates Osteogenesis. Stem Cells 2016; 33:3065-76. [PMID: 26140478 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton induces nuclear trafficking of regulatory proteins and global effects on gene transcription. We here show that in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cytochalasin D treatment causes rapid cofilin-/importin-9-dependent transfer of G-actin into the nucleus. The continued presence of intranuclear actin, which forms rod-like structures that stain with phalloidin, is associated with induction of robust expression of the osteogenic genes osterix and osteocalcin in a Runx2-dependent manner, and leads to acquisition of osteogenic phenotype. Adipogenic differentiation also occurs, but to a lesser degree. Intranuclear actin leads to nuclear export of Yes-associated protein (YAP); maintenance of nuclear YAP inhibits Runx2 initiation of osteogenesis. Injection of cytochalasin into the tibial marrow space of live mice results in abundant bone formation within the space of 1 week. In sum, increased intranuclear actin forces MSC into osteogenic lineage through controlling Runx2 activity; this process may be useful for clinical objectives of forming bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William R Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Indiana-Purdue, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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González-Chávez SA, Quiñonez-Flores CM, Pacheco-Tena C. Molecular mechanisms of bone formation in spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:394-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mechanical stimulation orchestrates the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells by regulating HDAC1. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2221. [PMID: 27171263 PMCID: PMC4917651 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation and histone deacetylases (HDACs) have essential roles in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and bone formation. However, little is known regarding what regulates HDAC expression and therefore the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs during osteogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether mechanical loading regulates HDAC expression directly and examined the role of HDACs in mechanical loading-triggered osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. We first studied the microarrays of samples from patients with osteoporosis and found that the NOTCH pathway and skeletal development gene sets were downregulated in the BMSCs of patients with osteoporosis. Then we demonstrated that mechanical stimuli can regulate osteogenesis and bone formation both in vivo and in vitro. NOTCH signaling was upregulated during cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-induced osteogenic differentiation, whereas HDAC1 protein expression was downregulated. The perturbation of HDAC1 expression also had a significant effect on matrix mineralization and JAG1-mediated Notch signaling, suggesting that HDAC1 acts as an endogenous attenuator of Notch signaling in the mechanotransduction of BMSCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay results suggest that HDAC1 modulates the CMS-induced histone H3 acetylation level at the JAG1 promoter. More importantly, we found an inhibitory role of Hdac1 in regulating bone formation in response to hindlimb unloading in mice, and pretreatment with an HDAC1 inhibitor partly rescued the osteoporosis caused by mechanical unloading. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that mechanical stimulation orchestrates genes expression involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the direct regulation of HDAC1, and the therapeutic inhibition of HDAC1 may be an efficient strategy for enhancing bone formation under mechanical stimulation.
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72
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Zhang L, Liu W, Zhao J, Ma X, Shen L, Zhang Y, Jin F, Jin Y. Mechanical stress regulates osteogenic differentiation and RANKL/OPG ratio in periodontal ligament stem cells by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2211-9. [PMID: 27154288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity is critical in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis, and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are tissue-specific MSCs in the periodontal ligament. However, whether PDLSCs are required for periodontal tissue remodeling during OTM is not fully understood. METHODS Here, we used PDGFRα and Nestin to trace PDLSCs during OTM in rats. We treat human PDLSCs with 100kpa static pressure for 1h or 12h in vitro, and examined the phenotypic changes and expression of RANKL and OPG in these cells. RESULTS In vivo, we found that positive signals of PDGFRα and Nestin in the PDL gradually increased and then decreased on the pressure side to which pressure was applied. In vitro, the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was significantly increased after force treatment for 1h relative to 12h. In contrast, the expression ratio of RANKL/OPG was reduced at 1h and significantly increased at 12h. Furthermore, we found that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was dynamically activated in the PDL and in PDLSCs after mechanical stimulation. Importantly, the canonical Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 blocked the osteogenesis effect and rescued the ratio of RANKL/OPG in PDLSCs under force treatment for 1h. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that PDLSCs participate in OTM and that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway maintains bone homeostasis during tooth movement by regulating the balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE We describe a novel potential mechanism related to tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhang
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangdong Zhao
- Department of Aerospace Biodynamics, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Shen
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Jin
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Jin
- MS-State Key Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China; Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research of Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Glatt V, Bartnikowski N, Quirk N, Schuetz M, Evans C. Reverse Dynamization: Influence of Fixator Stiffness on the Mode and Efficiency of Large-Bone-Defect Healing at Different Doses of rhBMP-2. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:677-87. [PMID: 27098327 PMCID: PMC4832588 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.15.01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse dynamization is a technology for enhancing the healing of osseous defects. With use of an external fixator, the axial stiffness across the defect is initially set low and subsequently increased. The purpose of the study described in this paper was to explore the efficacy of reverse dynamization under different conditions. METHODS Rat femoral defects were stabilized with external fixators that allowed the stiffness to be modulated on living animals. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) was implanted into the defects on a collagen sponge. Following a dose-response experiment, 5.5 μg of rhBMP-2 was placed into the defect under conditions of very low (25.4-N/mm), low (114-N/mm), medium (185-N/mm), or high (254-N/mm) stiffness. Reverse dynamization was evaluated with 2 different starting stiffnesses: low (114 N/mm) and very low (25.4 N/mm). In both cases, high stiffness (254 N/mm) was imposed after 2 weeks. Healing was assessed with radiographs, micro-computed tomography (μCT), histological analysis, and mechanical testing. RESULTS In the absence of dynamization, the medium-stiffness fixators provided the best healing. Reverse dynamization starting with very low stiffness was detrimental to healing. However, with low initial stiffness, reverse dynamization considerably improved healing with minimal residual cartilage, enhanced cortication, increased mechanical strength, and smaller callus. Histological analysis suggested that, in all cases, healing provoked by rhBMP-2 occurred by endochondral ossification. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm the potential utility of reverse dynamization as a way of improving bone healing but indicate that the stiffness parameters need to be selected carefully. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reverse dynamization may reduce the amount of rhBMP-2 needed to induce healing of recalcitrant osseous lesions, reduce the time to union, and decrease the need for prolonged external fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaida Glatt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,E-mail address for V. Glatt:
| | - Nicole Bartnikowski
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Quirk
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Schuetz
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Evans
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Ferraris S, Spriano S, Passeri G, Ghiacci G, Macaluso G, Galli C. The response of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to micro- and nano-textured, hydrophilic and bioactive titanium surfaces. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:68. [PMID: 26886816 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the morphology and activity of the murine osteoblastic cell line MC3T3 on control smooth (Machined), commercially available rough (ZT) titanium discs, and on titanium samples obtained by modifying the ZT treatment protocol, and herein labelled as ZTF, ZTM and ZTFM. Cells were evaluated at SEM and immunofluorescence for morphology and cell-to-cell interactions and by MTT assay and real time PCR for cell growth and function. Microscopy showed that ZT modified protocols could differently affect cell shape and distribution. All the tested surfaces showed good biocompatibility by viability assay. However, cells on smoother surfaces appeared to express higher levels of transcript for Collagen 1a1, the main component of extracellular matrix, by real time PCR. Expression of the early differentiation marker Alkaline Phosphatase was higher on ZTF surfaces and ZTM enhanced the expression of later osteoblastic markers Osteoprotegerin and Osteocalcin. Noteworthy, the expression of Connexin 43, a component of cell-to-cell contacts and hemichannels, followed a similar pattern to differentiation marker genes and was higher in cells on ZTM surfaces, consistently with the microscopic observation of cell clusters. Taken together, this data showed that ZTF and ZTM treatment protocols appeared to improve the basal sand-blasting/acid-etching ZT procedure with ZTM surfaces promoting the most mature stage of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lumetti
- Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - E Manfredi
- Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - S Ferraris
- Dip. DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Spriano
- Dip. DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Passeri
- Dip. Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Ghiacci
- Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - G Macaluso
- Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Istituto per l'Elettronica e il Magnetismo IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy.
| | - C Galli
- Dip. Sc. Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Istituto per l'Elettronica e il Magnetismo IMEM-CNR, Parma, Italy.
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Ciliary IFT80 balances canonical versus non-canonical hedgehog signalling for osteoblast differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11024. [PMID: 26996322 PMCID: PMC4802171 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport proteins (IFT) are required for hedgehog (Hh) signalling transduction that is essential for bone development, however, how IFT proteins regulate Hh signalling in osteoblasts (OBs) remains unclear. Here we show that deletion of ciliary IFT80 in OB precursor cells (OPC) in mice results in growth retardation and markedly decreased bone mass with impaired OB differentiation. Loss of IFT80 blocks canonical Hh–Gli signalling via disrupting Smo ciliary localization, but elevates non-canonical Hh–Gαi–RhoA–stress fibre signalling by increasing Smo and Gαi binding. Inhibition of RhoA and ROCK activity partially restores osteogenic differentiation of IFT80-deficient OPCs by inhibiting non-canonical Hh–RhoA–Cofilin/MLC2 signalling. Cytochalasin D, an actin destabilizer, dramatically restores OB differentiation of IFT80-deficient OPCs by disrupting actin stress fibres and promoting cilia formation and Hh–Gli signalling. These findings reveal that IFT80 is required for OB differentiation by balancing between canonical Hh–Gli and non-canonical Hh–Gαi–RhoA pathways and highlight IFT80 as a therapeutic target for craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. Primary cilia are highly conserved microtubule-based organelles that play essential roles in several cellular processes including osteogenesis. Here the authors show that intraflagellar protein IFT80 regulates osteoblast differentiation by balancing signalling though the canonical and non-canonical Hedgehog pathways.
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Hu J, Liao H, Ma Z, Chen H, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Yu M, Chen Y, Xu J. Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling Mediated the Enhancement of Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced by Extracorporeal Shockwave. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20875. [PMID: 26863924 PMCID: PMC4750003 DOI: 10.1038/srep20875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal shockwave (ESW) has been shown of great potential in promoting the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), but it is unknown whether this osteogenic promotion effect can also be achieved in other MSCs (i.e., tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)). In the current study, we aimed not only to compare the osteogenic effects of BMSCs induced by ESW to those of TDSCs and ADSCs; but also to investigate the underlying mechanisms. We show here that ESW (0.16 mj/mm(2)) significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation in all the tested types of MSCs, accompanied with the downregulation of miR-138, but the activation of FAK, ERK1/2, and RUNX2. The enhancement of osteogenesis in these MSCs was consistently abolished when the cells were pretreated with one of the following conditions: overexpression of miR-138, FAK knockdown using specific siRNA, and U0126, implying that all of these elements are indispensable for mediating the effect of ESW. Moreover, our study provides converging genetic and molecular evidence that the miR-138-FAK-ERK1/2-RUNX2 machinery can be generally activated in ESW-preconditioned MSCs, suggesting that ESW may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the enhancement of osteogenesis of MSCs, regardless of their origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haojie Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zebin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongjiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhonglian Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuantao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Menglei Yu
- The Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Youbin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Biological and Chemical Removal of Primary Cilia Affects Mechanical Activation of Chondrogenesis Markers in Chondroprogenitors and Hypertrophic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:188. [PMID: 26861287 PMCID: PMC4783922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroprogenitors and hypertrophic chondrocytes, which are the first and last stages of the chondrocyte differentiation process, respectively, are sensitive to mechanical signals. We hypothesize that the mechanical sensitivity of these cells depends on the cell surface primary cilia. To test this hypothesis, we removed the primary cilia by biological means with transfection with intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) siRNA or by chemical means with chloral hydrate treatment. Transfection of IFT88 siRNA significantly reduced the percentage of ciliated cells in both chondroprogenitor ATDC5 cells as well as primary hypertrophic chondrocytes. Cyclic loading (1 Hz, 10% matrix deformation) of ATDC5 cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture stimulates the mRNA levels of chondrogenesis marker Type II collagen (Col II), hypertrophic chondrocyte marker Type X collagen (Col X), and a molecular regulator of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). The reduction of ciliated chondroprogenitors abolishes mechanical stimulation of Col II, Col X, and BMP-2. In contrast, cyclic loading stimulates Col X mRNA levels in hypertrophic chondrocytes, but not those of Col II and BMP-2. Both biological and chemical reduction of ciliated hypertrophic chondrocytes reduced but failed to abolish mechanical stimulation of Col X mRNA levels. Thus, primary cilia play a major role in mechanical stimulation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in chondroprogenitor cells and at least a partial role in hypertrophic chondrocytes.
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Schlie-Wolter S. Osteogenic Differentiation Of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (hASC): Role Of FAK and Ras-MAPK Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15436/2471-0598.16.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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79
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Tendon Stem Cells: Mechanobiology and Development of Tendinopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:53-62. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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80
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Chen JC, Hoey DA, Chua M, Bellon R, Jacobs CR. Mechanical signals promote osteogenic fate through a primary cilia-mediated mechanism. FASEB J 2015; 30:1504-11. [PMID: 26675708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It has long been suspected, but never directly shown, that bone formed to accommodate an increase in mechanical loading is related to the creation of osteoblasts from skeletal stem cells. Indeed, biophysical stimuli potently regulate osteogenic lineage commitmentin vitro In this study, we transplanted bone marrow cells expressing green fluorescent protein, to enable lineage tracing, and subjected mice to a biophysical stimulus, to elicit a bone-forming response. We detected cells derived from transplanted progenitors embedded within the bone matrix near active bone-forming surfaces in response to loading, demonstrating for the first time, that mechanical signals enhance the homing and attachment of bone marrow cells to bone surfaces and the commitment to an osteogenic lineage of these cellsin vivo Furthermore, we used an inducible Cre/Lox recombination system to delete kinesin family member 3A (Kif3a), a gene that is essential for primary cilia formation, at will in transplanted cells and their progeny, regardless of which tissue may have incorporated them. Disruption of the mechanosensing organelle, the primary cilium in a progenitor population, significantly decreased the amount of bone formed in response to mechanical stimulation. The collective results of our study directly demonstrate that, in a novel experimental stem cell mechanobiology model, mechanical signals enhance osteogenic lineage commitmentin vivoand that the primary cilium contributes to this process.-Chen, J. C., Hoey, D. A., Chua, M., Bellon, R., Jacobs, C. R. Mechanical signals promote osteogenic fate through a primary cilia-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Chen
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical, and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and Department of Biotechnology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David A Hoey
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical, and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and Department of Biotechnology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mardonn Chua
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical, and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and Department of Biotechnology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond Bellon
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical, and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and Department of Biotechnology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher R Jacobs
- *Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, and Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical, and Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Applied Biomedical Engineering Research, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and Department of Biotechnology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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81
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Lin W, Ezura Y, Izu Y, Aryal A.C S, Kawasaki M, Na Mahasarakham Chantida P, Moriyama K, Noda M. Profilin Expression Is Regulated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) in Osteoblastic Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:621-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Smriti Aryal A.C
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Makiri Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
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82
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Xing Q, Qian Z, Kannan B, Tahtinen M, Zhao F. Osteogenic Differentiation Evaluation of an Engineered Extracellular Matrix Based Tissue Sheet for Potential Periosteum Replacement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23239-47. [PMID: 26419888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the indispensable role of periosteum in bone defect healing and regeneration, a promising method to enhance osteogenesis of bone grafts by using an engineered biomimetic periosteum would be highly beneficial. The stromal microenvironment of periosteum is composed of various highly organized extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers, so an aligned natural ECM sheet, derived from the human dermal fibroblast cell sheet, may be advantageous when applied for artificial periosteum fabrication. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been used to replace the osteoprogenitor cell population in native periosteum due to hMSCs' great osteogenic potential and fast in vitro expansion capacity. The objective of this work is to investigate if the natural ECM sheet and the substrate alignment can promote in vitro osteogenesis of hMSCs. The conventional cell culture substrates collagen I-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and tissue culture plastic (TCP) were used as controls. It was found that the ECM sheet significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. The enhanced osteogenic potential was further confirmed by increased bone-specific gene expression. The ECM sheet can bind significantly higher amounts of growth factors including ANG-1, TGF-β1, bFGF, and VEGF, as well as calcium phosphate nanoparticles, which contributed to high osteogenesis of the hMSCs on ECM sheet. However, the alignment of the substrates did not show significant influence on osteogenic activity and growth factor binding. These results demonstrated the great potential of hMSC-seeded ECM sheet as a biomimetic periosteum to improve critical sized bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Zichen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Baratwaaj Kannan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Mitchell Tahtinen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University , 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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83
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Maji K, Dasgupta S, Kundu B, Bissoyi A. Development of gelatin-chitosan-hydroxyapatite based bioactive bone scaffold with controlled pore size and mechanical strength. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1190-209. [PMID: 26335156 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1082809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite-chitosan/gelatin (HA:Chi:Gel) nanocomposite scaffold has potential to serve as a template matrix to regenerate extra cellular matrix of human bone. Scaffolds with varying composition of hydroxyapatite, chitosan, and gelatin were prepared using lyophilization technique where glutaraldehyde (GTA) acted as a cross-linking agent for biopolymers. First, phase pure hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocrystals were in situ synthesized by coprecipitation method using a solution of 2% acetic acid dissolved chitosan and aqueous solution of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate [Ca(NO3)2,4H2O] and diammonium hydrogen phosphate [(NH4)2H PO4]. Keeping solid loading constant at 30 wt% and changing the composition of the original slurry of gelatin, HA-chitosan allowed control of the pore size, its distribution, and mechanical properties of the scaffolds. Microstructural investigation by scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of a well interconnected porous scaffold with a pore size in the range of 35-150 μm. The HA granules were uniformly dispersed in the gelatin-chitosan network. An optimal composition in terms of pore size and mechanical properties was obtained from the scaffold with an HA:Chi:Gel ratio of 21:49:30. The composite scaffold having 70% porosity with pore size distribution of 35-150 μm exhibited a compressive strength of 3.3-3.5 MPa, which is within the range of that exhibited by cancellous bone. The bioactivity of the scaffold was evaluated after conducting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) - materials interaction and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay using MSCs. The scaffold found to be conducive to MSC's adhesion as evident from lamellipodia, filopodia extensions from cell cytoskeleton, proliferation, and differentiation up to 14 days of cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Maji
- a Department of Ceramic Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | - Sudip Dasgupta
- a Department of Ceramic Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | - Biswanath Kundu
- b Bioceramics and Coating Division , Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute , Kolkata , India
| | - Akalabya Bissoyi
- c Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
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84
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An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Bone Formation in Mechanically Loaded Trabecular Bone Explants. Ann Biomed Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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85
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Schreinemakers JRC, Klein-Nulend J, van Lotten ML, Nolte PA, Kon M. Exostoses of the Bony Pyramid of the Nose: A Review About an Adaptive Response to Mechanical Stimuli Exerted by In-Flight Oxygen Masks. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-015-9187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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86
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Hao J, Zhang Y, Jing D, Shen Y, Tang G, Huang S, Zhao Z. Mechanobiology of mesenchymal stem cells: Perspective into mechanical induction of MSC fate. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:1-9. [PMID: 25871537 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies in diverse conditions including tissue engineering. Advancement of these therapies relies on the ability to direct MSCs toward specific cell phenotypes. Despite identification of applied forces that affect self-maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs, mechanisms underlying the integration of mechanically induced signaling cascades and interpretation of mechanical signals by MSCs remain elusive. During the past decade, many researchers have demonstrated that external applied forces can activate osteogenic signaling pathways in MSCs, including Wnt, Ror2, and Runx2. Besides, recent advances have highlighted the critical role of internal forces due to cell-matrix interaction in MSC function. These internal forces can be achieved by the materials that cells reside in through its mechanical properties, such as rigidity, topography, degradability, and substrate patterning. MSCs can generate contractile forces to sense these mechanical properties and thereby perceive mechanical information that directs broad aspects of MSC functions, including lineage commitment. Although many signaling pathways have been elucidated in material-induced lineage specification of MSCs, discovering the mechanisms by which MSCs respond to such cell-generated forces is still challenging because of the highly intricate signaling milieu present in MSC environment. However, bioengineers are bridging this gap by developing platforms to control mechanical cues with improved throughput and precision, thereby enabling further investigation of mechanically induced MSC functions. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances that how applied forces and cell-generated forces may be engineered to determine MSC fate, and overview a subset of the operative signal transduction mechanisms and experimental platforms that have emerged in MSC mechanobiology research. Our main goal is to provide an up-to-date view of MSC mechanobiology that is relevant to both mechanical loading and mechanical properties of the environment, and introduce these emerging platforms for tissue engineering use.
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87
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Modulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Odontogenesis in a Tunable PEG-Fibrinogen Hydrogel System. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:525367. [PMID: 26124841 PMCID: PMC4466494 DOI: 10.1155/2015/525367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels have the great potential for clinical translation of dental pulp regeneration. A recently developed PEG-fibrinogen (PF) hydrogel, which comprises a bioactive fibrinogen backbone conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains, can be cross-linked after injection by photopolymerization. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of this hydrogel, which allows tuning of its mechanical properties, as a scaffold for dental pulp tissue engineering. The cross-linking degree of PF hydrogels could be controlled by varying the amounts of PEG-diacrylate (PEG-DA) cross-linker. PF hydrogels are generally cytocompatible with the encapsulated dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), yielding >85% cell viability in all hydrogels. It was found that the cell morphology of encapsulated DPSCs, odontogenic gene expression, and mineralization were strongly modulated by the hydrogel cross-linking degree and matrix stiffness. Notably, DPSCs cultured within the highest cross-linked hydrogel remained mostly rounded in aggregates and demonstrated the greatest enhancement in odontogenic gene expression. Consistently, the highest degree of mineralization was observed in the highest cross-linked hydrogel. Collectively, our results indicate that PF hydrogels can be used as a scaffold for DPSCs and offers the possibility of influencing DPSCs in ways that may be beneficial for applications in regenerative endodontics.
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88
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Lv H, Li L, Sun M, Zhang Y, Chen L, Rong Y, Li Y. Mechanism of regulation of stem cell differentiation by matrix stiffness. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:103. [PMID: 26012510 PMCID: PMC4445995 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell behaviors are regulated by multiple microenvironmental cues. As an external signal, mechanical stiffness of the extracellular matrix is capable of governing stem cell fate determination, but how this biophysical cue is translated into intracellular signaling remains elusive. Here, we elucidate mechanisms by which stem cells respond to microenvironmental stiffness through the dynamics of the cytoskeletal network, leading to changes in gene expression via biophysical transduction signaling pathways in two-dimensional culture. Furthermore, a putative rapid shift from original mechanosensing to de novo cell-derived matrix sensing in more physiologically relevant three-dimensional culture is pointed out. A comprehensive understanding of stem cell responses to this stimulus is essential for designing biomaterials that mimic the physiological environment and advancing stem cell-based clinical applications for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Meiyu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Li Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,College of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yue Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. .,College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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89
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Perikamana SKM, Lee J, Ahmad T, Jeong Y, Kim DG, Kim K, Shin H. Effects of Immobilized BMP-2 and Nanofiber Morphology on In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of hMSCs and In Vivo Collagen Assembly of Regenerated Bone. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8798-808. [PMID: 25823598 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Engineering bone tissue is particularly challenging because of the distinctive structural features of bone within a complex biochemical environment. In the present study, we fabricated poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) electrospun nanofibers with random and aligned morphology immobilized with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and investigated how these signals modulate (1) in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and (2) in vivo bone growth rate, mechanical properties, and collagen assembly of newly formed bone. The orientation of adherent cells followed the underlying nanofiber morphology; however, nanofiber alignment did not show any difference in alkaline phosphate activity or in calcium mineralization of hMSCs after 14 days of in vitro culture in osteogenic differentiation media. In vivo bone regeneration was significantly higher in the nanofiber implanted groups (approximately 65-79%) as compared to the defect-only group (11.8 ± 0.2%), while no significant difference in bone regeneration was observed between random and aligned groups. However, nanoindentation studies of regenerated bone revealed Young's modulus and contact hardness with anisotropic feature for aligned group as compared to random group. More importantly, structural analysis of collagen at de novo bone showed the ability of nanofiber morphology to guide collagen deposition. SEM and TEM images revealed regular, highly ordered collagen assemblies on aligned nanofibers as compared to random fibers, which showed irregular, randomly organized collagen deposition. Taken together, we conclude that nanofibers in the presence of osteoinductive signals are a potent tool for bone regeneration, and nanofiber alignment can be used for engineering bone tissues with structurally assembled collagen fibers with defined direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yonghoon Jeong
- §Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- §Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kyobum Kim
- ∥Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
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90
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RhoGTPases as key players in mammalian cell adaptation to microgravity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:747693. [PMID: 25649831 PMCID: PMC4310447 DOI: 10.1155/2015/747693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies are revealing that cells reorganize their cytoskeleton when exposed to conditions of microgravity. Most, if not all, of the structural changes observed on flown cells can be explained by modulation of RhoGTPases, which are mechanosensitive switches responsible for cytoskeletal dynamics control. This review identifies general principles defining cell sensitivity to gravitational stresses. We discuss what is known about changes in cell shape, nucleus, and focal adhesions and try to establish the relationship with specific RhoGTPase activities. We conclude by considering the potential relevance of live imaging of RhoGTPase activity or cytoskeletal structures in order to enhance our understanding of cell adaptation to microgravity-related conditions.
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91
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Rocca A, Marino A, Rocca V, Moscato S, de Vito G, Piazza V, Mazzolai B, Mattoli V, Ngo-Anh TJ, Ciofani G. Barium titanate nanoparticles and hypergravity stimulation improve differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:433-45. [PMID: 25609955 PMCID: PMC4294648 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enhancement of the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is highly desirable in the field of bone regeneration. This paper proposes a new approach for the improvement of osteogenesis combining hypergravity with osteoinductive nanoparticles (NPs). Materials and methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of hypergravity and barium titanate NPs (BTNPs) on the osteogenic differentiation of rat MSCs, and the hypergravity effects on NP internalization. To obtain the hypergravity condition, we used a large-diameter centrifuge in the presence of a BTNP-doped culture medium. We analyzed cell morphology and NP internalization with immunofluorescent staining and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, respectively. Moreover, cell differentiation was evaluated both at the gene level with quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and at the protein level with Western blotting. Results Following a 20 g treatment, we found alterations in cytoskeleton conformation, cellular shape and morphology, as well as a significant increment of expression of osteoblastic markers both at the gene and protein levels, jointly pointing to a substantial increment of NP uptake. Taken together, our findings suggest a synergistic effect of hypergravity and BTNPs in the enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Conclusion The obtained results could become useful in the design of new approaches in bone-tissue engineering, as well as for in vitro drug-delivery strategies where an increment of nanocarrier internalization could result in a higher drug uptake by cell and/or tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Rocca
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy ; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy ; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Veronica Rocca
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Pisa, Italy, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Stefania Moscato
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe de Vito
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Pisa, Italy ; Scuola Normale Superiore, NEST, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piazza
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Mazzolai
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Thu Jennifer Ngo-Anh
- Directorate of Human Spaceflight and Operations, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Micro-BioRobotics @ SSSA, Pontedera, Italy
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92
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Yano H, Choudhury ME, Islam A, Kobayashi K, Tanaka J. Cellular mechanotransduction of physical force and organ response to exercise-induced mechanical stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.4.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mohammed E Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Afsana Islam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kana Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine
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93
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Biomechanics: Principles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10798-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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94
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Yuan X, Serra RA, Yang S. Function and regulation of primary cilia and intraflagellar transport proteins in the skeleton. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1335:78-99. [PMID: 24961486 PMCID: PMC4334369 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that project from the cell surface to enable transduction of various developmental signaling pathways. The process of intraflagellar transport (IFT) is crucial for the building and maintenance of primary cilia. Ciliary dysfunction has been found in a range of disorders called ciliopathies, some of which display severe skeletal dysplasias. In recent years, interest has grown in uncovering the function of primary cilia/IFT proteins in bone development, mechanotransduction, and cellular regulation. We summarize recent advances in understanding the function of cilia and IFT proteins in the regulation of cell differentiation in osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We also discuss the mechanosensory function of cilia and IFT proteins in bone cells, cilia orientation, and other functions of cilia in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Rosa A. Serra
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
- Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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95
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Kaneko-Kawano T, Suzuki K. Mechanical stress regulates gene expression via Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.4.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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96
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Lynch ME, Fischbach C. Biomechanical forces in the skeleton and their relevance to bone metastasis: biology and engineering considerations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:119-34. [PMID: 25174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis represents the leading cause of breast cancer related-deaths. However, the effect of skeleton-associated biomechanical signals on the initiation, progression, and therapy response of breast cancer bone metastasis is largely unknown. This review seeks to highlight possible functional connections between skeletal mechanical signals and breast cancer bone metastasis and their contribution to clinical outcome. It provides an introduction to the physical and biological signals underlying bone functional adaptation and discusses the modulatory roles of mechanical loading and breast cancer metastasis in this process. Following a definition of biophysical design criteria, in vitro and in vivo approaches from the fields of bone biomechanics and tissue engineering that may be suitable to investigate breast cancer bone metastasis as a function of varied mechano-signaling will be reviewed. Finally, an outlook of future opportunities and challenges associated with this newly emerging field will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Lynch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, USA.
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97
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Marino A, Filippeschi C, Genchi GG, Mattoli V, Mazzolai B, Ciofani G. The Osteoprint: a bioinspired two-photon polymerized 3-D structure for the enhancement of bone-like cell differentiation. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4304-13. [PMID: 24907661 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The need for a better understanding of cell behavior and for exploiting cell functions in various healthcare applications has driven biomedical research to develop increasingly complex fabrication strategies to reproduce the natural biological microenvironment in vitro. Different approaches have led to the development of refined examples of 2- and 3-D structures able to sustain cellular proliferation, differentiation and functionality very similar to those normally occurring in living organisms. One such approach is two-photon polymerization. In this paper, we present a trabecula-like structure (which we have named "Osteoprint") that resembles to the typical microenvironment of trabecular bone cells. Starting from microtomography images of the trabecular bone, we prepared several Osteoprints through two-photon polymerization and tested the behavior of SaOS-2 bone-like cells cultured on our structures. Interestingly, we found that Osteoprints deeply affect cellular behavior, determining an exit from the cell cycle and an enhancement of osteogenic differentiation. Indeed, we found an up-regulation of the genes involved in SaOS-2 cell maturation and an increase in hydroxyapatite production and accumulation upon SaOS-2 culture on the Osteoprints. The findings we obtained are extremely interesting, and open up new perspectives in "bioinspired" approaches for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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98
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Interaction of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells with a nanoporous titanium surface is sufficient to induce their osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:98-110. [PMID: 24858494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of various adult stem cell populations such as neural crest-derived stem cells is of great interest in the context of bone regeneration. Ideally, exogenous differentiation should mimic an endogenous differentiation process, which is partly mediated by topological cues. To elucidate the osteoinductive potential of porous substrates with different pore diameters (30 nm, 100 nm), human neural crest-derived stem cells isolated from the inferior nasal turbinate were cultivated on the surface of nanoporous titanium covered membranes without additional chemical or biological osteoinductive cues. As controls, flat titanium without any topological features and osteogenic medium was used. Cultivation of human neural crest-derived stem cells on 30 nm pores resulted in osteogenic differentiation as demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase activity after seven days as well as by calcium deposition after 3 weeks of cultivation. In contrast, cultivation on flat titanium and on membranes equipped with 100 nm pores was not sufficient to induce osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, we demonstrate an increase of osteogenic transcripts including Osterix, Osteocalcin and up-regulation of Integrin β1 and α2 in the 30 nm pore approach only. Thus, transplantation of stem cells pre-cultivated on nanostructured implants might improve the clinical outcome by support of the graft adherence and acceleration of the regeneration process.
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99
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Ertl P, Sticker D, Charwat V, Kasper C, Lepperdinger G. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for stem cell analysis. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:245-53. [PMID: 24726257 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The combination of microfabrication-based technologies with cell biology has laid the foundation for the development of advanced in vitro diagnostic systems capable of analyzing cell cultures under physiologically relevant conditions. In the present review, we address recent lab-on-a-chip developments for stem cell analysis. We highlight in particular the tangible advantages of microfluidic devices to overcome most of the challenges associated with stem cell identification, expansion and differentiation, with the greatest advantage being that lab-on-a-chip technology allows for the precise regulation of culturing conditions, while simultaneously monitoring relevant parameters using embedded sensory systems. State-of-the-art lab-on-a-chip platforms for in vitro assessment of stem cell cultures are presented and their potential future applications discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ertl
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Drago Sticker
- BioSensor Technologies, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Charwat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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100
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