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Cheishvili D, Petropoulos S, Christiansen S, Szyf M. Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis Methods. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6743-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sayols-Baixeras S, Irvin MR, Arnett DK, Elosua R, Aslibekyan SW. Epigenetics of Lipid Phenotypes. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016; 10:31. [PMID: 28496562 PMCID: PMC5421987 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the main cause of death worldwide. Blood lipid profiles are patterned by both genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, epigenetics has emerged as a paradigm that unifies these influences. In this review, we have summarized the latest evidence implicating epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulation by RNAs-in lipid homeostasis. Key findings have emerged in a number of novel epigenetic loci located in biologically plausible genes (e.g. CPT1A, ABCG1, SREBF1, and others), as well as microRNA-33a/b. Evidence from animal and cell culture models suggests a complex interplay between different classes of epigenetic processes in the lipid-related genomic regions. While epigenetic findings hold the potential to explain the interindividual variability in lipid profiles as well as the underlying mechanisms, they have yet to be translated into effective therapies for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain, (tel) 34-93-316-07-27, (fax) 34-93-316-04-10
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 220F, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA, (tel) 1-205-975-7672, (fax)1-205-975-3329
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA, (tel) 1-859-257-5678, (fax) 1-859-257-8811
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain, (tel) 34-93-316-08-00, (fax) 34-93-316-04-10
| | - Stella W Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 230J, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA, (tel) 1-205-975-7675, (fax) 1-205-975-3329
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna D Holbrook
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore
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Bianco-Miotto T, Mayne BT, Buckberry S, Breen J, Rodriguez Lopez CM, Roberts CT. Recent progress towards understanding the role of DNA methylation in human placental development. Reproduction 2016; 152:R23-30. [PMID: 27026712 PMCID: PMC5064761 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, and particularly DNA methylation, have been studied in many tissues, both healthy and diseased, and across numerous developmental stages. The placenta is the only organ that has a transient life of 9 months and undergoes rapid growth and dynamic structural and functional changes across gestation. Additionally, the placenta is unique because although developing within the mother, its genome is identical to that of the foetus. Given these distinctive characteristics, it is not surprising that the epigenetic landscape affecting placental gene expression may be different to that in other healthy tissues. However, the role of epigenetic modifications, and particularly DNA methylation, in placental development remains largely unknown. Of particular interest is the fact that the placenta is the most hypomethylated human tissue and is characterized by the presence of large partially methylated domains (PMDs) containing silenced genes. Moreover, how and why the placenta is hypomethylated and what role DNA methylation plays in regulating placental gene expression across gestation are poorly understood. We review genome-wide DNA methylation studies in the human placenta and highlight that the different cell types that make up the placenta have very different DNA methylation profiles. Summarizing studies on DNA methylation in the placenta and its relationship with pregnancy complications are difficult due to the limited number of studies available for comparison. To understand the key steps in placental development and hence what may be perturbed in pregnancy complications requires large-scale genome-wide DNA methylation studies coupled with transcriptome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Mayne
- Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sam Buckberry
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical ResearchThe University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia Plant Energy BiologyARC Centre of Excellence, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James Breen
- Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Bioinformatics HubUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carlos M Rodriguez Lopez
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Robinson Research InstituteUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Houde AA, Ruchat SM, Allard C, Baillargeon JP, St-Pierre J, Perron P, Gaudet D, Brisson D, Hivert MF, Bouchard L. LRP1B, BRD2 and CACNA1D: new candidate genes in fetal metabolic programming of newborns exposed to maternal hyperglycemia. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1111-22. [PMID: 26586120 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and DNA methylation levels at genes related to energy metabolism. PATIENTS & METHODS Ten loci were selected from our recent epigenome-wide association study on GDM. DNA methylation levels were quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing in 80 placenta and cord blood samples (20 exposed to GDM) from an independent birth cohort (Gen3G). RESULTS We did not replicate association between DNA methylation and GDM. However, in normoglycemic women, glucose levels were associated with DNA methylation changes at LRP1B and BRD2 and at CACNA1D and LRP1B gene loci in placenta and cord blood, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that maternal glucose levels, within the normal range, are associated with DNA methylation changes at genes related to energy metabolism and previously associated with GDM. Maternal glycemia might thus be involved in fetal metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Houde
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,ECOGENE-21 & Clinical Research Center & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie-May Ruchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,ECOGENE-21 & Clinical Research Center & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Allard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Patrice Baillargeon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- ECOGENE-21 & Clinical Research Center & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Perron
- ECOGENE-21 & Clinical Research Center & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- ECOGENE-21 & Clinical Research Center & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Brisson
- ECOGENE-21 & Clinical Research Center & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,ECOGENE-21 & Clinical Research Center & Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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Januar V, Desoye G, Novakovic B, Cvitic S, Saffery R. Epigenetic regulation of human placental function and pregnancy outcome: considerations for causal inference. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:S182-96. [PMID: 26428498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms, often defined as regulating gene activity independently of underlying DNA sequence, are crucial for healthy development. The sum total of epigenetic marks within a cell or tissue (the epigenome) is sensitive to environmental influence, and disruption of the epigenome in utero has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Not surprisingly, given its multifaceted functions and important role in regulating pregnancy outcome, the placenta shows unique epigenetic features. Interestingly however, many of these are only otherwise seen in human malignancy (the pseudomalignant placental epigenome). Epigenetic variation in the placenta is now emerging as a candidate mediator of environmental influence on placental functioning and a key regulator of pregnancy outcome. However, replication of findings is generally lacking, most likely due to small sample sizes and a lack of standardization of analytical approaches. Defining DNA methylation "signatures" in the placenta associated with maternal and fetal outcomes offers tremendous potential to improve pregnancy outcomes, but care must be taken in interpretation of findings. Future placental epigenetic research would do well to address the issues present in epigenetic epidemiology more generally, including careful consideration of sample size, potentially confounding factors, issues of tissue heterogeneity, reverse causation, and the role of genetics in modulating epigenetic profile. The importance of animal or in vitro models in establishing a functional role of epigenetic variation identified in human beings, which is key to establishing causation, should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Januar
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Richard Saffery
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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