51
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Ishikawa Y, Otsu K, Oshikawa J. Caveolin; different roles for insulin signal? Cell Signal 2005; 17:1175-82. [PMID: 15913956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2005.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae, discovered by electron microscope in the 1950s, are membrane invaginations that accommodate various molecules that are involved in cellular signaling. Caveolin, a major protein component of caveolae identified in 1990s, has been known to inhibit the function of multiple caveolar proteins, such as kinases, which are involved in cell growth and proliferation, and thus considered to be a general growth signal inhibitor. Recent studies using transgenic mouse models have suggested that insulin signal may be exempted from this inhibition, which rather requires the presence of caveolin for proper signaling. Caveolin may stabilize insulin receptor protein or directly stimulate insulin receptors. Other studies have demonstrated that caveolae provide the TC10 complex with cellular microdomains for glucose transportation through Glut4. These findings suggest that caveolin plays an important role in insulin signal to maintain glucose metabolism in intact animals. However, the role of caveolin in insulin signal may differ from that in other transmembrane receptor signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura Kanazawa, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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52
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Abstract
LGMD refers to a class of muscular dystrophies with onset in the proximal muscles. They are genetically heterogeneous, with both autosomal recessive and dominant forms. The autosomal recessive forms are more common and in general follow a more severe course compared to the dominant forms. It is important to reach a specific genetic diagnosis beyond making a group diagnosis of LGMD to provide adequate genetic counseling, to predict risks for the patient such as the development of cardiomyopathy, and to be able to take advantage of specific treatments when they become available. Establishing a specific diagnosis requires knowledge about the individual clinical features, expert analysis of the muscule biopsy, and the guided initiation of appropriate genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten G Bönnemann
- Division of Neurology and Neuromuscular Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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53
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Nixon SJ, Wegner J, Ferguson C, Méry PF, Hancock JF, Currie PD, Key B, Westerfield M, Parton RG. Zebrafish as a model for caveolin-associated muscle disease; caveolin-3 is required for myofibril organization and muscle cell patterning. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:1727-43. [PMID: 15888488 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are an abundant feature of many animal cells. However, the exact function of caveolae remains unclear. We have used the zebrafish, Danio rerio, as a system to understand caveolae function focusing on the muscle-specific caveolar protein, caveolin-3 (Cav3). We have identified caveolin-1 (alpha and beta), caveolin-2 and Cav3 in the zebrafish. Zebrafish Cav3 has 72% identity to human CAV3, and the amino acids altered in human muscle diseases are conserved in the zebrafish protein. During embryonic development, cav3 expression is apparent by early segmentation stages in the first differentiating muscle precursors, the adaxial cells and slightly later in the notochord. cav3 expression appears in the somites during mid-segmentation stages and then later in the pectoral fins and facial muscles. Cav3 and caveolae are located along the entire sarcolemma of late stage embryonic muscle fibers, whereas beta-dystroglycan is restricted to the muscle fiber ends. Down-regulation of Cav3 expression causes gross muscle abnormalities and uncoordinated movement. Ultrastructural analysis of isolated muscle fibers reveals defects in myoblast fusion and disorganized myofibril and membrane systems. Expression of the zebrafish equivalent to a human muscular dystrophy mutant, CAV3P104L, causes severe disruption of muscle differentiation. In addition, knockdown of Cav3 resulted in a dramatic up-regulation of eng1a expression resulting in an increase in the number of muscle pioneer-like cells adjacent to the notochord. These studies provide new insights into the role of Cav3 in muscle development and demonstrate its requirement for correct intracellular organization and myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Nixon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Universitky of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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54
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Bellott AC, Patel KC, Burkholder TJ. Reduction of caveolin-3 expression does not inhibit stretch-induced phosphorylation of ERK2 in skeletal muscle myotubes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 98:1554-61. [PMID: 15516368 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01070.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is critical to the maintenance and growth of skeletal muscle, but the mechanism by which cellular deformations are converted to biochemical signals remains unclear. Among the earliest and most ubiquitous responses to mechanical stimulation is the phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, in particular ERK2. Caveolin-3 (CAV-3) binds ERK2 and its upstream activators in inactive states on the caveolae of resting muscle. Caveolae are deformed by stretch, and it was hypothesized that this deformation might disrupt the CAV-3-dependent inhibition of ERK2 to affect stretch-induced activation. Stretch-induced phosphorylation of ERK2 in myotubes was both amplitude and velocity dependent, consistent with a viscoelastic mechanism, such as deformation of caveolae. Chemical disruption of caveolae by cholesterol depletion increased ERK2 activation by up to 176%. Small interfering RNA oligomers were then used to knock down expression of CAV-3 in cultured myotubes before mechanical stimulation, with the expectation that reducing CAV-3 expression would eliminate the stretch-induced activation of ERK2. Knockdown reduced CAV-3 protein content by 55% but did not significantly alter the stretch-induced increase in ERK2 phosphorylation, suggesting that CAV-3 is not an essential element of the mechanotransduction pathway, although the limited extent of knockdown limits the strength of this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Claire Bellott
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 281 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0356, USA
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55
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Sugie K, Murayama K, Noguchi S, Murakami N, Mochizuki M, Hayashi YK, Nonaka I, Nishino I. Two novel CAV3 gene mutations in Japanese families. Neuromuscul Disord 2005; 14:810-4. [PMID: 15564037 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-3 deficiency is a rare, autosomal dominant, muscle disorder caused by caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) mutations and consists of four clinical phenotypes: limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD-1C), rippling muscle disease, distal myopathy, and familial hyperCKemia. So far, only 13 mutations have been reported. We here report two novel heterozygous mutations, 96C>G (N32K) and 128T>A (V43E), in the CAV3 gene in two unrelated Japanese families with LGMD-1C. Both probands presented with elevated serum CK level with calf muscle hypertrophy in their childhood but without apparent muscle weakness. However, their mothers showed mild limb-girdle weakness in addition to high CK level. Caveolin-3 was deficient and caveolae were lacking in muscles from both patients. Our data confirm that caveolin-3 deficiency causes LGMD-1C and expand the variability in CAV3 gene mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Caveolin 3
- Caveolins/deficiency
- Caveolins/genetics
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Creatine Kinase/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Dysferlin
- Dystrophin/metabolism
- Family Health
- Female
- Genes, Dominant
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Genetic Testing
- Genetic Variation/genetics
- Humans
- Hypertrophy/genetics
- Hypertrophy/pathology
- Japan
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Middle Aged
- Muscle Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/pathology
- Mutation, Missense/genetics
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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56
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Abstract
In this review, we draw attention to the multiple mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies in patients with muscular dystrophies. More than one single mechanism is likely to be involved in the development of skeletal and cardiac muscle pathology even when there is a single protein defect. The best example is dystrophin deficiency, in which increased sarcolemmal permeability following eccentric exercise, reduced force generation, and abnormal signaling are all likely to contribute to the progressive muscle damage observed. In other conditions, such as the sarcoglycanopathies, a protein deficiency both in the striated cardiomyocte and the vascular smooth muscle appears to play a significant role. An entirely different mechanism of disease is likely in defects of nuclear envelope proteins, although the precise pathogenesis of this group of conditions is still not clear. Differences between the organization of skeletal and cardiac muscle protein complex are also only starting to emerge and will very likely be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Goodwin
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, UK
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57
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Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of primary myopathies involving progressive weakness and wasting of the muscles in the hip and shoulder girdles, with distal spread to the bulbar or respiratory musculature in rare cases. Depending on the mode of genetic transmission, six autosomal dominant forms (LGMD1A-F, 10-25%) and ten autosomal recessive forms (LGMD2A-J, 75-90%) are currently known. The prevalence of LGMDs is 0.8/100,000. These conditions are caused by mutations in genes encoding for myotilin (5q31, LGMD1A), lamin A/C (1q11-q21.2, LGMD1B), caveolin-3 (3p25, LGMD1C), unknown proteins (7q, LGMD1D, 6q23, LGMD1E, 7q32.1-32.2., LGMD1F), calpain-3 (15q15.1-21.1, LGMD2A), dysferlin (2p13.3-13.1, LGMD2B), gamma-sarcoglycan (13q12, LGMD2C), alpha-sarcoglycan, also known as adhalin (17q12-q21.3, LGMD2D), beta-sarcoglycan (4q12, LGMD2E), delta-sarcoglycan (5q33-q34, LGMD2F), telethonin (17q11-q12, LGMD2G), E3-ubiquitin ligase (9q31-q34.1, LGMD2H), fukutin-related protein (19q13.3, LGMD2I), and titin (2q31, LGMD2J). Cardiac involvement has been described for LGMD1B-E, LGMD2C-G, and LGMD2I. The time of onset varies between early childhood and middle age. There is no male or female preponderance. Disease progression and life expectancy vary widely, even among different members of the same family. The diagnosis is based primarily on DNA analysis. The history, clinical neurological examinations, blood chemistry investigations, electromyography, and muscle biopsy also provide information that is helpful for the diagnosis. No causal therapy is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Finsterer
- Neurologische Abteilung, KA Rudolfstiftung, Wien, Osterreich.
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58
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Abstract
Although they were discovered more than 50 years ago, caveolae have remained enigmatic plasmalemmal organelles. With their characteristic “flasklike” shape and virtually ubiquitous tissue distribution, these interesting structures have been implicated in a wide range of cellular functions. Similar to clathrin-coated pits, caveolae function as macromolecular vesicular transporters, while their unique lipid composition classifies them as plasma membrane lipid rafts, structures enriched in a variety of signaling molecules. The caveolin proteins (caveolin-1, -2, and -3) serve as the structural components of caveolae, while also functioning as scaffolding proteins, capable of recruiting numerous signaling molecules to caveolae, as well as regulating their activity. That so many signaling molecules and signaling cascades are regulated by an interaction with the caveolins provides a paradigm by which numerous disease processes may be affected by ablation or mutation of these proteins. Indeed, studies in caveolin-deficient mice have implicated these structures in a host of human diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and a variety of degenerative muscular dystrophies. In this review, we provide an in depth summary regarding the mechanisms by which caveolae and caveolins participate in human disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Cohen
- Dept. of Molecular Pharmacology and the Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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59
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Fee DB, So YT, Barraza C, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM. Phenotypic variability associated with Arg26Gln mutation in caveolin3. Muscle Nerve 2004; 30:375-8. [PMID: 15318349 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin3 (CAV3) is a protein associated with dystrophin, dystrophin-associated glycoproteins, and dysferlin. Mutations in the CAV3 gene result in certain autosomal-dominant inherited diseases, namely, rippling muscle disease (RMD), limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD1C), distal myopathy, and hyperCKemia. In this report we show that a previously reported family with RMD has a mutation in the CAV3 gene. Affected individuals had either a characteristic RMD phenotype, a combination of RMD and LGMD1C phenotypes, or a LGMD1C phenotype, but one mutation carrier was asymptomatic at age 86 years. This phenotypic variability associated with mutations in CAV3 has been reported previously but only in a few families. It is important to remember the significant phenotypic variability associated with CAV3 mutations when counseling families with these mutations. These observations also suggest the presence of factors independent of the CAV3 gene locus that modify phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic B Fee
- Division of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8631 West Third St., Suite 1145, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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60
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Alias L, Gallano P, Moreno D, Pujol R, Martínez-Matos JA, Baiget M, Ferrer I, Olivé M. A novel mutation in the caveolin-3 gene causing familial isolated hyperCKaemia. Neuromuscul Disord 2004; 14:321-4. [PMID: 15099591 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Three members of a family were known to have persistent elevated serum CK levels without muscle weakness. A muscle biopsy showed a partial reduction of caveolin-3 at the sarcolemma of muscle fibres, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Mutational analysis identified a novel heterozygous mutation: G-->A transition at nucleotide position 169 in exon 2 in the CAV-3 gene, generating a Val-->Met change at codon 57 of the aminoacid chain. This is the second mutation in the CAV-3 gene associated with familial isolated hyperCKaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alias
- Servei de Genètica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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61
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Laval SH, Bushby KMD. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies - from genetics to molecular pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2004; 30:91-105. [PMID: 15043707 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2004.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are a diverse group of muscle-wasting disorders characteristically affecting the large muscles of the pelvic and shoulder girdles. Molecular genetic analyses have demonstrated causative mutations in the genes encoding a disparate collection of proteins involved in all aspects of muscle cell biology. Muscular dystrophy includes a spectrum of disorders caused by loss of the linkage between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. Within this are the forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy caused by deficiencies of the sarcoglycan complex and by aberrant glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan caused by mutations in the fukutin-related protein gene. However, other forms of this disease have distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. For example, deficiency of dysferlin disrupts sarcolemmal membrane repair, whilst loss of calpain-3 may exert its pathological influence either by perturbation of the IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB pathway, or through calpain-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling. Caveolin-3 is implicated in numerous cell-signalling pathways and involved in the biogenesis of the T-tubule system. Alterations in the nuclear lamina caused by mutations in laminA/C, sarcomeric changes in titin, telethonin or myotilin at the Z-disc, and subtle changes in the extracellular matrix proteins laminin-alpha2 or collagen VI can all lead to a limb-girdle muscular dystrophy phenotype, although the specific pathological mechanisms remain obscure. Differential diagnosis of these disorders requires the careful application of a broad range of disciplines: clinical assessment, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting using a panel of antibodies and extensive molecular genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Laval
- Institute of Human Genetics, International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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62
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Sotgia F, Bonuccelli G, Minetti C, Woodman SE, Capozza F, Kemp RG, Scherer PE, Lisanti MP. Phosphofructokinase muscle-specific isoform requires caveolin-3 expression for plasma membrane recruitment and caveolar targeting: implications for the pathogenesis of caveolin-related muscle diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2004; 163:2619-34. [PMID: 14633633 PMCID: PMC1892361 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous co-immunoprecipitation studies have shown that endogenous PFK-M (phosphofructokinase, muscle-specific isoform) associates with caveolin (Cav)-3 under certain metabolic conditions. However, it remains unknown whether Cav-3 expression is required for the plasma membrane recruitment and caveolar targeting of PFK-M. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant expression of Cav-3 dramatically affects the subcellular localization of PFK-M, by targeting PFK-M to the plasma membrane, and by trans-locating PFK-M to caveolae-enriched membrane domains. In addition, we show that the membrane recruitment and caveolar targeting of PFK-M appears to be strictly dependent on the concentration of extracellular glucose. Interestingly, recombinant expression of PFK-M with three Cav-3 mutants [DeltaTFT (63 to 65), P104L, and R26Q], which harbor the same mutations as seen in the human patients with Cav-3-related muscle diseases, causes a substantial reduction in PFK-M expression levels, and impedes the membrane recruitment of PFK-M. Analysis of skeletal muscle tissue samples from Cav-3(-/-) mice directly demonstrates that Cav-3 expression regulates the phenotypic behavior of PFK-M. More specifically, in Cav-3-null mice, PFK-M is no longer targeted to the plasma membrane, and is excluded from caveolar membrane domains. As such, our current results may be important in understanding the pathogenesis of Cav-3-related muscle diseases, such as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-1C, distal myopathy, and rippling muscle disease, that are caused by mutations within the human Cav-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, and The Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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63
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Hayashi T, Arimura T, Ueda K, Shibata H, Hohda S, Takahashi M, Hori H, Koga Y, Oka N, Imaizumi T, Yasunami M, Kimura A. Identification and functional analysis of a caveolin-3 mutation associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 313:178-84. [PMID: 14672715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are caused by mutations in 14 and 15 different disease genes, respectively, in a part of the patients and the disease genes for cardiomyopathy overlap in part with that for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). In this study, we examined an LGMD gene encoding caveolin-3 (CAV3) for mutation in the patients with HCM or DCM. A Thr63Ser mutation was identified in a sibling case of HCM. Because the mutation was found at the residue that is involved in the LGMD-causing mutations, we investigate the functional change due to the Thr63Ser mutation as compared with the LGMD mutations by examining the distribution of GFP-tagged CAV3 proteins. It was observed that the Thr63Ser mutation reduced the cell surface expression of caveolin-3, albeit the change was mild as compared with the LGMD mutations. These observations suggest that HCM is a clinical spectrum of CAV3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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64
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Abstract
Caveolae are vesicular organelles (50-100-nm in diameter) that are particularly abundant in cells of the cardiovascular system, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. In these cell types, caveolae function both in protein trafficking and signal transduction, as well as in cholesterol homeostasis. Caveolins are the structural proteins that are both necessary and sufficient for the formation of caveolae membrane domains. Caveolins 1 and 2 are co-expressed in most cell types, while the expression of caveolin-3 is muscle-specific. Thus, endothelial cells and fibroblasts are rich in caveolins 1 and 2, while cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers express caveolin-3. In contrast, smooth muscle cells express all three caveolins (Cav-1, -2, and -3). Mechanistically, caveolins interact with a variety of downstream signaling molecules, including Src-family tyrosine kinases, p42/44 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and hold these signal transducers in the inactive conformation until activation by an appropriate stimulus. In many ways, caveolins serve both to compartmentalize and regulate signaling. Recent studies using caveolin-deficient mouse models dramatically show that caveolae and caveolins play a prominent role in various human patho-biological conditions, especially those related to the cardiovascular system. These disease phenotypes include: atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and neointimal hyperplasia (smooth muscle cell proliferation). In addition, caveolins play a significant role in other disease phenotypes, such as cancer, diabetes, bladder dysfunction, and muscular dystrophy, as we discuss in this review. Thus, caveolin-deficient mice will serve as important new animal models to dissect the intricate role of caveolae and caveolins in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence M Williams
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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65
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Fulizio L, Chiara Nascimbeni A, Fanin M, Piluso G, Politano L, Nigro V, Angelini C. Molecular and muscle pathology in a series of caveolinopathy patients. Hum Mutat 2004; 25:82-9. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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66
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Sotgia F, Woodman SE, Bonuccelli G, Capozza F, Minetti C, Scherer PE, Lisanti MP. Phenotypic behavior of caveolin-3 R26Q, a mutant associated with hyperCKemia, distal myopathy, and rippling muscle disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C1150-60. [PMID: 12839838 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00166.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four different phenotypes have been associated with CAV3 mutations: limb girdle muscular dystrophy-1C (LGMD-1C), rippling muscle disease (RMD), and distal myopathy (DM), as well as idiopathic and familial hyperCKemia (HCK). Detailed molecular characterization of two caveolin-3 mutations (P104L and DeltaTFT), associated with LGMD-1C, shows them to impart a dominant-negative effect on wild-type caveolin-3, rendering it dysfunctional through sequestration in the Golgi complex. Interestingly, substitution of glutamine for arginine at amino acid position 26 (R26Q) of caveolin-3 is associated not only with RMD but also with DM and HCK. However, the phenotypic behavior of the caveolin-3 R26Q mutation has never been evaluated in cultured cells. Thus we characterized the cellular and molecular properties of the R26Q mutant protein to better understand how this mutation can manifest as such distinct disease phenotypes. Here, we show that the caveolin-3 R26Q mutant is mostly retained at the level of the Golgi complex. The caveolin-3 R26Q mutant formed oligomers of a much larger size than wild-type caveolin-3 and was excluded from caveolae-enriched membranes. However, caveolin-3 R26Q did not behave in a dominant-negative fashion when coexpressed with wild-type caveolin-3. Thus the R26Q mutation behaves differently from other caveolin-3 mutations (P104L and DeltaTFT) that have been previously characterized. These data provide a possible explanation for the scope of the various disease phenotypes associated with the caveolin-3 R26Q mutation. We propose a haploinsufficiency model in which reduced levels of wild-type caveolin-3, although not rendered dysfunctional due to the caveolin-3 R26Q mutant protein, are insufficient for normal muscle cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, The Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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67
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Wicklund MP, Mendell JR. The limb girdle muscular dystrophies: our ever-expanding knowledge. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2003; 5:12-28. [PMID: 19078718 DOI: 10.1097/00131402-200309000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The limb girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) represent a genetically diverse group of disorders. Currently, chromosomal loci are known for at least 5 autosomal-dominant and 10 autosomal-recessive subgroups. In 13 of these, recognized genes and protein products generate an assortment of phenotypes, some unique and many overlapping. In some disorders, novel clinical features are sufficiently distinct so as to proffer clues to the diagnosis of a specific LGMD subtype. An armamentarium of laboratory tools is required to confirm specific subtypes of LGMD. These might only be available in neuromuscular centers specializing in this form of dystrophy. Currently, supportive therapy is the predominant means of treatment, but further understanding of unique pathogenic mechanisms holds promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Wicklund
- From the Department of Neurology, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas (Dr Wicklund); and the Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Dr Mendell)
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68
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Yabe I, Kawashima A, Kikuchi S, Higashi T, Fukazawa T, Hamada T, Sasaki H, Tashiro K. Caveolin-3 gene mutation in Japanese with rippling muscle disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2003; 108:47-51. [PMID: 12807393 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a rare myopathy characterized by percussion-induced rapid muscle contractions, muscle mounding, and rippling. Recently a caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) mutation was identified in patients with autosomal dominant RMD. The objective of this study was to determine whether a similar mutation was present in two Japanese families with this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical examination, mutational analysis, and muscle immunohistochemistry were carried out in six patients from two Japanese RMD pedigrees. RESULTS Apart from the atrophy of the intrinsic muscles in their hands and a slight muscle weakness in their fingers, the clinical features of our patients were compatible with RMD. Our investigation revealed a CAV3 missense mutation, i.e. Arg26Gln in both families. Immunohistochemistry performed on a muscle biopsy specimen showed reduced caveolin-3 surface expression. CONCLUSIONS Japanese RMD also appears to result from a CAV3 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Yabe
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, and Hokkaido Neurology Hospital, Nijyuyonken, Japan.
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69
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Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a genetically heterogeneous group of degenerative muscle disorders. Nearly 30 genes are known to give rise to various forms of muscular dystrophy, which differ in age of onset, severity, and muscle groups affected. The number of genes identified increases each year, adding to our understanding as well as revealing the overall complexity of the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isin Dalkilic
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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70
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Kubisch C, Schoser BGH, von Düring M, Betz RC, Goebel HH, Zahn S, Ehrbrecht A, Aasly J, Schroers A, Popovic N, Lochmüller H, Schröder JM, Brüning T, Malin JP, Fricke B, Meinck HM, Torbergsen T, Engels H, Voss B, Vorgerd M. Homozygous mutations in caveolin-3 cause a severe form of rippling muscle disease. Ann Neurol 2003; 53:512-20. [PMID: 12666119 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous missense mutations in the caveolin-3 gene (CAV3) cause different muscle disorders. Most patients with CAV3 alterations present with rippling muscle disease (RMD) characterized by signs of increased muscle irritability without muscle weakness. In some patients, CAV3 mutations underlie the progressive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD1C). Here, we report two unrelated patients with novel homozygous mutations (L86P and A92T) in CAV3. Both presented with a more severe clinical phenotype than usually seen in RMD. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses of muscle biopsies showed a strong reduction of caveolin-3 in both homozygous RMD patients similar to the findings in heterozygous RMD. Electron microscopy studies showed a nearly complete absence of caveolae in the sarcolemma in all RMD patients analyzed. Additional plasma membrane irregularities (small plasmalemmal discontinuities, subsarcolemmal vacuoles, abnormal papillary projections) were more pronounced in homozygous than in heterozygous RMD patients. A stronger activation of nitric oxide synthase was observed in both homozygous patients compared with heterozygous RMD. Like in LGMD1C, dysferlin immunoreactivity is reduced in RMD but more pronounced in homozygous as compared with heterozygous RMD. Thus, we further extend the phenotypic variability of muscle caveolinopathies by identification of a severe form of RMD associated with homozygous CAV3 mutations.
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71
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Abstract
Almost 50 years after the first sighting of small pits that covered the surface of mammalian cells, investigators are now getting to grips with the detailed workings of these enigmatic structures that we now know as caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Functional and Applied Genomics, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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72
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Fischer D, Schroers A, Blümcke I, Urbach H, Zerres K, Mortier W, Vorgerd M, Schröder R. Consequences of a novel caveolin-3 mutation in a large German family. Ann Neurol 2003; 53:233-41. [PMID: 12557291 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human caveolin-3 gene (cav-3) on chromosome 3p25 have been described in limb girdle muscular dystrophy, rippling muscle disease, hyperCKemia, and distal myopathy. Here, we describe the genetic, myopathological, and clinical findings in a large German family harboring a novel heterozygous mutation (GAC-->GAA) in codon 27 of the cav-3 gene. This missense mutation causes an amino acid change from asparagine to glutamate (Asp27Glu) in the N-terminal region of the Cav-3 protein, which leads to a drastic decrease of Cav-3 protein expression in skeletal muscle tissue. In keeping with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, this novel cav-3 mutation was found to cosegregate with neuromuscular involvement in the reported family. Ultrastructural analysis of Cav-3-deficient muscle showed an abnormal folding of the plasma membrane as well as multiple vesicular structures in the subsarcolemmal region. Neurological examination of all nine subjects from three generations harboring the novel cav-3 mutation showed clear evidence of rippling muscle disease. However, only two of these nine patients showed isolated signs of rippling muscle disease without muscle weakness or atrophy, whereas five had additional signs of a distal myopathy and two fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of a coexisting limb girdle muscular dystrophy. These findings indicate that mutations in the human cav-3 gene can lead to different and overlapping clinical phenotypes even within the same family. Different clinical phenotypes in caveolinopathies may be attributed to so far unidentified modifying factors/genes in the individual genetic background of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Germany
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73
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Reijneveld JC, Te Boekhorst BCM, Zonderland ML, Kalmijn S, Notermans NC. Response to exercise of patients with idiopathic hyper-CK-emia. Muscle Nerve 2002; 26:832-7. [PMID: 12451610 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Patients with an idiopathic increase in serum creatine kinase (CK) levels (hyper-CK-emia) have a benign prognosis, but symptoms may be disabling in daily life. Previous studies have suggested that physical exercise increases the severity of complaints in these patients. We studied whether maximal and submaximal bouts of exercise on a cycle ergometer are harmful for patients with idiopathic hyper-CK-emia. Such dynamic exercise did not lead to larger increases in serum CK activity or more complaints in 11 patients with idiopathic hyper-CK-emia, compared with 11 age-matched healthy controls. Our data suggest that exercise does not result in more extensive muscle damage in patients with idiopathic hyper-CK-emia than in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Reijneveld
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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74
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Muscular dystrophy includes many genetically distinct disorders. The list of causative genes for muscular dystrophy has been expanding rapidly, including those for congenital muscular dystrophies. RECENT FINDINGS We review the newly identified causative genes and suggested molecular mechanisms, focusing on glycosylation abnormality of alpha-dystroglycan, collagen VI deficiency, four allelic diseases of caveolin-3 gene, and titin gene mutations. SUMMARY Several possible mechanisms causing muscular dystrophy were discussed. Defects in extracellular molecules have more significant effects resulting mainly in congenital muscular dystrophy, while intracellular molecular defects show milder effect on the phenotype. These hypotheses may provide a new paradigm in understanding the pathomechanism of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichizo Nishino
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan.
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75
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Abstract
Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is a benign myopathy with symptoms and signs of muscular hyperexcitability. The typical finding is electrically silent muscle contractions provoked by mechanical stimuli and stretch. After the first description in 1975, there have been several publications on this disorder. Although RMD most often is reported with autosomal dominant inheritance, some sporadic cases are found, and an association with other diseases such as myasthenia gravis has also been reported. The pathophysiological mechanism is still not clarified. Abnormalities in calcium homeostasis in the sarcoplasmic reticulum have been proposed as the most probable causes. However, recent genetic studies make a primary channelopathy unlikely. In this article, a review of this curious disease is presented.
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76
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Abstract
Rippling muscle disease is a rare autosomal dominant disorder first described in 1975. Recently, it could be classified as a caveolinopathy; in European families, mutations in the caveolin-3 gene were revealed as causing this disease. Although clinical symptoms were almost all described in adulthood, we are now reporting clinical data of seven children with rippling muscle disease owing to mutations in the caveolin-3 gene. Initial symptoms were frequent falls, inability to walk on heels, tiptoe walking with pain and a warm-up phenomenon, calf hypertrophy, and an elevated serum creatine kinase level. Percussion-/pressure-induced rapid contractions, painful muscle mounding, and rippling could be observed even in early childhood. The diagnosis can be confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. Muscle biopsy must be considered in patients without muscle weakness or mechanical hyperirritability to differentiate between rippling muscle disease and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schara
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
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77
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Bönnemann CG, Finkel RS. Sarcolemmal proteins and the spectrum of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2002; 9:81-99. [PMID: 12139001 DOI: 10.1053/spen.2002.33795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of the sarcolemma are of crucial importance for the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies. This update focuses on the dystrophin-associated proteins including the dystroglycan and sarcoglycan complexes, caveolin-3, dysferlin, and the extracellular matrix component collagen type VI. The molecular findings are correlated with some of the clinical phenotypes that are part of the limb-girdle muscular dystrophy spectrum, including fukutin-related proteinopathy (LGMD 21), the sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD 2C-F), caveolinopathy (LGMD 1C), dysferlinopathy (LGMD 2B), and finally Bethlem myopathy. Although recent progress has been tremendous, much remains to be learned about the pathophysiological consequences caused by a deficiency of any one of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten G Bönnemann
- Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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78
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Carozzi AJ, Roy S, Morrow IC, Pol A, Wyse B, Clyde-Smith J, Prior IA, Nixon SJ, Hancock JF, Parton RG. Inhibition of lipid raft-dependent signaling by a dystrophy-associated mutant of caveolin-3. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:17944-9. [PMID: 11884389 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110879200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific point mutations in caveolin-3, a predominantly muscle-specific member of the caveolin family, have been implicated in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and in rippling muscle disease. We examined the effect of these mutations on caveolin-3 localization and function. Using two independent assay systems, Raf activation in fibroblasts and neurite extension in PC12 cells, we show that one of the caveolin-3 point mutants, caveolin-3-C71W, specifically inhibits signaling by activated H-Ras but not by K-Ras. To gain insights into the effect of the mutant protein on H-Ras signaling, we examined the localization of the mutant proteins in fibroblastic cells and in differentiating myotubes. Unlike the previously characterized caveolin-3-DGV mutant, the inhibitory caveolin-3-C71W mutant reached the plasma membrane and colocalized with wild type caveolins. In BHK cells, caveolin-3-C71W associated with caveolae and in differentiating muscle cells with the developing T-tubule system. In contrast, the caveolin-3-P104L mutant accumulated in the Golgi complex and had no effect on H-Ras-mediated Raf activation. Inhibition by caveolin-3-C71W was rescued by cholesterol addition, suggesting that the mutant protein perturbs cholesterol-rich raft domains. Thus, we have demonstrated that a naturally occurring caveolin-3 mutation can inhibit signaling involving cholesterol-sensitive raft domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Carozzi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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79
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Abstract
Uncovering the cause of a suspected myopathy may be challenging. However, a careful approach starts with utilizing the wealth of available information regarding the clinical and laboratory features of myopathy. Electrodiagnostic testing is then obtained (in most cases). Recognition of the pattern of EMG findings in light of the clinical and laboratory features should narrow the differential diagnosis and dictate the next steps in the evaluation. Histopathologic or molecular studies, or both may follow. Ultimately, this approach usually allows the clinician to make the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lacomis
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, PUH F-878, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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80
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Tateyama M, Aoki M, Nishino I, Hayashi YK, Sekiguchi S, Shiga Y, Takahashi T, Onodera Y, Haginoya K, Kobayashi K, Iinuma K, Nonaka I, Arahata K, Itoyama Y, Itoyoma Y. Mutation in the caveolin-3 gene causes a peculiar form of distal myopathy. Neurology 2002; 58:323-5. [PMID: 11805270 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.58.2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors describe a patient with sporadic distal myopathy associated with reduced caveolin-3 in muscle fibers in which the muscle atrophy was restricted to the small muscles of the hands and feet. Gene analysis disclosed a heterozygous 80 G-->A substitution in the caveolin-3 gene that was identical to that of reported cases of elevated serum creatine kinase. This patient further demonstrated possible clinical heterogeneity of myopathies with mutations in the caveolin-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tateyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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81
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Razani B, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-deficient mice: insights into caveolar function human disease. J Clin Invest 2001. [DOI: 10.1172/jci200114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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82
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Razani B, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-deficient mice: insights into caveolar function human disease. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:1553-61. [PMID: 11733547 PMCID: PMC201001 DOI: 10.1172/jci14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Razani
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Hormone-Dependent Tumor Biology, The Albert Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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83
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Gordon ES, Hoffman EP. The ABC's of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: alpha-sarcoglycanopathy, Bethlem myopathy, calpainopathy and more. Curr Opin Neurol 2001; 14:567-73. [PMID: 11562567 DOI: 10.1097/00019052-200110000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is a class of disorders encompassing many forms of this disease. Variation exists between the inheritance patterns, genes responsible, course of disease and symptoms, with the cohesive factor among these disorders being the predominance of proximal muscle weakness. Here we review each form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with attention to molecular genetics, clinical features, inheritance, and diagnostic issues pertaining to each primary genetic cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Gordon
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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84
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Abstract
Caveolae are vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane, and function as 'message centers' for regulating signal transduction events. Caveolin-3, a muscle-specific caveolin-related protein, is the principal structural protein of caveolar membrane domains in skeletal muscle and in the heart. Several mutations within the coding sequence of the human caveolin-3 gene (located at 3p25) have been identified. Mutations that lead to a loss of approximately 95% of caveolin-3 protein expression are responsible for a novel autosomal dominant form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD-1C) in humans. By contrast, upregulation of the caveolin-3 protein is associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Thus, tight regulation of caveolin-3 appears essential for maintaining normal muscle health and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Galbiati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Tower (BST), Rm E1356, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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85
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Betz RC, Schoser BG, Kasper D, Ricker K, Ramírez A, Stein V, Torbergsen T, Lee YA, Nöthen MM, Wienker TF, Malin JP, Propping P, Reis A, Mortier W, Jentsch TJ, Vorgerd M, Kubisch C. Mutations in CAV3 cause mechanical hyperirritability of skeletal muscle in rippling muscle disease. Nat Genet 2001; 28:218-9. [PMID: 11431690 DOI: 10.1038/90050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary rippling muscle disease (RMD) is an autosomal dominant human disorder characterized by mechanically triggered contractions of skeletal muscle. Genome-wide linkage analysis has identified an RMD locus on chromosome 3p25. We found missense mutations in positional candidate CAV3 (encoding caveolin 3; ref. 5) in all five families analyzed. Mutations in CAV3 have also been described in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C (LGMD1C; refs. 6,7), demonstrating the allelism of dystrophic and non-dystrophic muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Betz
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universität Bonn, Wilhelmstrasse 31, D-53111, Bonn, Germany
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86
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de Paula F, Vainzof M, Bernardino AL, McNally E, Kunkel LM, Zatz M. Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene: When are they pathogenic? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 99:303-7. [PMID: 11251997 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(2001)9999:9999<::aid-ajmg1168>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders usually with autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance and, less often, displaying autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance. Mutations in the caveolin-3 gene (CAV-3) associated with a reduction of protein expression cause AD-LGMD1C muscular dystrophy. Based on a previous study in the American and Brazilian population, it has been suggested that CAV-3 mutations might also cause AR-LGMD. Here we report the analysis of the CAV-3 gene in 61 additional Brazilian LGMD patients and 100 additional Brazilian normal controls. Two rare G55S and C71W missense changes previously detected only in LGMD patients (and not detected in 100 normal controls from the American population) were now found in normal Brazilian controls. In addition, we have identified a novel R125H missense change in one LGMD female patient that was also found in two of her unaffected siblings. These observations, together with the normal immunofluorescence caveolin pattern in the muscle biopsy from two patients with the G55W and R125H changes in the CAV-3 gene suggest that the G55S, C71W, and R125H polymorphisms, on their own, are not sufficient to produce the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F de Paula
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, IB-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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87
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Herrmann R, Straub V, Blank M, Kutzick C, Franke N, Jacob EN, Lenard HG, Kröger S, Voit T. Dissociation of the dystroglycan complex in caveolin-3-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:2335-40. [PMID: 11001938 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.hmg.a018926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb girdle muscular dystrophy is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders inherited in an autosomal recessive or dominant mode. Caveolin-3, the muscle-specific member of the caveolin gene family, is implicated in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1C. Here we report on a 4-year-old girl presenting with myalgia and muscle cramps due to a caveolin-3 deficiency in her dystrophic skeletal muscle as a result of a heterozygous 136G-->A substitution in the caveolin-3 gene. The novel sporadic missense mutation in the caveolin signature sequence of the caveolin-3 gene changes an alanine to a threonine (A46T) and prevents the localization of caveolin-3 to the plasma membrane in a dominant negative fashion. Caveolin-3 has been suggested to interact with the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, which in striated muscle fibers links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and with neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Similar to dystrophin-deficient Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a secondary decrease in neuronal nitric oxide synthase and alpha-dystroglycan expression was detected in the caveolin-3-deficient patient. These results implicate an important function of the caveolin signature sequence and common mechanisms in the pathogenesis of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex-associated muscular dystrophies with caveolin-3-deficient limb girdle muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Herrmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University of Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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