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Wu CJ, Kao TW, Yang HF, Sun YS, Chen YJ, Wang CC, Lai CH, Chen WL. Predictability of cardiorespiratory fitness on the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus in Taiwan adults: Preliminary analysis of a cohort study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:541-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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52
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Understanding the Nature of Measurement Error When Estimating Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity via Physical Activity Recall. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:543-549. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) is used to estimate activity energy expenditure (AEE) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Bias and variance in estimates of AEE and MVPA from the PAQ have not been described, nor the impact of measurement error when utilizing the PAQ to predict biomarkers and categorize individuals.Methods: The PAQ was administered to 385 adults to estimate AEE (AEE:PAQ) and MVPA (MVPA:PAQ), while simultaneously measuring AEE with doubly labeled water (DLW; AEE:DLW) and MVPA with an accelerometer (MVPA:A).Results: Although AEE:PAQ [3.4 (2.2) MJ·d−1] was not significantly different from AEE:DLW [3.6 (1.6) MJ·d−1;P > .14], MVPA:PAQ [36.2 (24.4) min·d−1] was significantly higher than MVPA:A [8.0 (10.4) min·d−1;P < .0001]. AEE:PAQ regressed on AEE:DLW and MVPA:PAQ regressed on MVPA:A yielded not only significant positive relationships but also large residual variances. The relationships between AEE and MVPA, and 10 of the 12 biomarkers were underestimated by the PAQ. When compared with accelerometers, the PAQ overestimated the number of participants who met the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.Conclusions: Group-level bias in AEE:PAQ was small, but large for MVPA:PAQ. Poor within-participant estimates of AEE:PAQ and MVPA:PAQ lead to attenuated relationships with biomarkers and misclassifications of participants who met or who did not meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
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Teo E, Batchu KC, Barardo D, Xiao L, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Tolwinski N, Wenk M, Halliwell B, Gruber J. A novel vibration-induced exercise paradigm improves fitness and lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9420. [PMID: 29925926 PMCID: PMC6010440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been known to reduce the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome, but the mechanisms underlying many exercise benefits remain unclear. This is, in part, due to a lack of exercise paradigms in invertebrate model organisms that would allow rapid mechanistic studies to be conducted. Here we report a novel exercise paradigm in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that can be implemented under standard laboratory conditions. Mechanical stimulus in the form of vibration was transduced to C. elegans grown on solid agar media using an acoustic actuator. One day post-exercise, the exercised animals showed greater physical fitness compared to the un-exercised controls. Despite having higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, no mitohormetic adaptations and lifespan extension were observed in the exercised animals. Nonetheless, exercised animals showed lower triacylglycerides (TAG) accumulation than the controls. Among the individual TAG species, the most significant changes were found in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid residues. Such alteration resulted in an overall lower double bond index and peroxidation index which measure susceptibility towards lipid peroxidation. These observations are consistent with findings from mammalian exercise literature, suggesting that exercise benefits are largely conserved across different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelyne Teo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Diogo Barardo
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linfan Xiao
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Markus Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore.
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Rosenkilde M, Rygaard L, Nordby P, Nielsen LB, Stallknecht B. Exercise and weight loss effects on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018. [PMID: 29543138 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01092.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both exercise training and weight loss reduce cardiovascular risk, but the independent importance of the two strategies is unclear. We aimed to investigate independent and combined effects of exercise training and weight loss on lipoproteins and dyslipidemia in overweight sedentary men. Sixty individuals were randomized to 12 wk of endurance training (T), energy-reduced diet (D), training and energy increased diet (T-iD), or control (C). Equal energetic deficits (-600 kcal/day) were prescribed by exercise for T and caloric restriction for D. T-iD completed similar exercise but remained in energy balance due to the dietary replacement of calories expended during exercise. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo)B and A1, pre-β-HDL, and susceptibility of LDL-C to oxidation were measured. Body weight was reduced similarly between T (-5.9 ± 0.7 kg) and D (-5.2 ± 0.8 kg), whereas T-iD (-1.0 ± 0.5 kg) and C (0.1 ± 0.6 kg) remained weight stable. Plasma TC, LDL-C, and apolipoprotein B were reduced in T compared with C ( P < 0.001 for both), but this was not observed for D ( P > 0.17). Changes in TC and LDL-C were associated with changes in body weight and body fat ( P < 0.01). In T-iD, increases in HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 were observed ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, an exercise-induced decline in body weight reduces proatherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins, whereas exercise compensated by energy intake increases the key component of reverse cholesterol transport, i.e., apoA1-containing HDL-C. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise has additive effects in lowering plasma lipoprotein particles to diet-induced weight loss in individuals with increased cardiovascular risk. In the present study, we investigated whether training per se would have beneficial cardiovascular effects. We found that 3 mo of exercise-induced weight loss reduced proatherogenic lipoproteins, whereas endurance training without weight loss improved factors involved in reverse cholesterol transport in a group of overweight sedentary men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universityof Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Rygaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universityof Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Pernille Nordby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universityof Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universityof Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Universityof Copenhagen, Copenhagen , Denmark
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Mendelson M, Bailly S, Marillier M, Flore P, Borel JC, Vivodtzev I, Doutreleau S, Verges S, Tamisier R, Pépin JL. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Exercise Training Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29520251 PMCID: PMC5827163 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review of English and French articles using Pubmed/Medline and Embase included studies assessing objective physical activity levels of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and exploring the effects of exercise training on OSA severity, body mass index (BMI), sleepiness, and cardiorespiratory fitness [peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)]. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. For objective physical activity levels, eight studies were included. The mean number of steps per day across studies was 5,388 (95% CI: 3,831–6,945; p < 0.001), which was by far lower than the recommended threshold of 10,000 steps per day. For exercise training, six randomized trials were included. There was a significant decrease in apnea–hypopnea-index following exercise training (mean decrease of 8.9 events/h; 95% CI: −13.4 to −4.3; p < 0.01), which was accompanied by a reduction in subjective sleepiness, an increase in VO2peak and no change in BMI. OSA patients present low levels of physical activity and exercise training is associated with improved outcomes. Future interventions (including exercise training) focusing on increasing physical activity levels may have important clinical impacts on both OSA severity and the burden of associated co-morbidities. Objective measurement of physical activity in routine OSA management and well-designed clinical trials are recommended. Registration # CRD42017057319 (Prospero).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Mendelson
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Bailly
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Marillier
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Christian Borel
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,AGIR à Dom. Association, Meylan, France
| | - Isabelle Vivodtzev
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Fernandez-Navarro P, Aragones MT, Ley V. Leisure-time physical activity and prevalence of non-communicable pathologies and prescription medication in Spain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191542. [PMID: 29352280 PMCID: PMC5774808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aims were to describe physical activity (PA) behaviour in Spain and to examine its association with the prevalence of some of the major non-communicable diseases and with the use of prescription medication. Individualized secondary data retrieved from the 2014 European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) for Spain were used to conduct a cross-sectional epidemiological study (n = 18926). PA was assessed by two different measures: a specific designed variable for EHIS and a leisure time PA frequency-based query of the national survey. Diseases analyzed were hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, depression and anxiety. The use of prescription medication was also included in the study. Weighted percentages were computed and contingency tables were calculated to describe PA by levels of the traits and sociodemographic characteristics. Chi-square test was used to compare percentages between groups and weighted logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between PA and the prevalence of the disease. About 73% of the Spanish population performs no PA at all or only occasionally during their leisure time, and only one third meets minimum PA international guidelines (≥ 150min/week). Men are considerably more active than women and less PA is observed as the education level decreases and as age increases. The risk of the diseases evaluated was up to three times higher among inactive individuals. This study provides national population-based estimations highlighting the impact of PA in Spain, not only in the prevalence of some of the major non-communicable diseases but also in reducing prescription medication, and the potential sex and socioeconomic influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernandez-Navarro
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (PFN); (VL)
| | - María Teresa Aragones
- Department of Sports and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sports, National Sports Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Ley
- Department of Sports and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sports, National Sports Council, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (PFN); (VL)
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LaHue SC, Comella CL, Tanner CM. The best medicine? The influence of physical activity and inactivity on Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 31:1444-1454. [PMID: 27477046 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is expected to increase as our population ages and will likely strain the projected capacity of our health care system. Despite being the most common movement disorder, there have been few noninvasive therapeutic advances for people with PD since the first levodopa clinical trial in 1961. The study of PD pathogenesis, combined with an appreciation for the biochemical mechanisms by which physical activity and exercise may impact physiology, has resulted in emerging hypotheses for new modifiable risk factors for PD. Physical activity and exercise as a means of preventing PD, or maintaining the functionality of people with PD, are a promising area of investigation. Conversely, physical inactivity is implicated in many disease states, some of which are also correlated with the development of PD, such as metabolic syndrome. The primary relationship between these diseases is likely rooted in heightened inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level. Physical activity and exercise as a means of attenuating inflammation have led to increased interest in related potential therapeutic targets for PD. Ultimately, these findings may translate into low-cost, universally available therapies for PD disease modification or prevention. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C LaHue
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Caroline M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Stupin M, Stupin A, Rasic L, Cosic A, Kolar L, Seric V, Lenasi H, Izakovic K, Drenjancevic I. Acute exhaustive rowing exercise reduces skin microvascular dilator function in young adult rowing athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:461-474. [PMID: 29270903 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of acute exhaustive exercise session on skin microvascular reactivity was assessed in professional rowers and sedentary subjects. A potential involvement of altered hemodynamic parameters and/or oxidative stress level in the regulation of skin microvascular blood flow by acute exercise were determined. METHODS Anthropometric, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameters were measured in 18 young healthy sedentary men and 20 professional rowers who underwent a single acute exercise session. Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH), endothelium-dependent acetylcholine (ACh), and endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside (SNP) microvascular responses were assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry in skin microcirculation before and after acute exercise. Serum lipid peroxidation products and plasma antioxidant capacity were measured using spectrophotometry. RESULTS At baseline, rowers had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR), and higher stroke volume (SV), PORH, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation than sedentary. Acute exercise caused a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, DBP, HR, and SV and a decrease in total peripheral resistance in both groups. Acute exercise induced a significant impairment in PORH and ACh-induced response in rowers, but not in sedentary, whereas the SNP-induced vasodilation was not affected by acute exercise in any group. Antioxidant capacity significantly increased only in sedentary after acute exercise. CONCLUSION Single acute exercise session impaired microvascular reactivity and endothelial function in rowers but not in sedentary, possibly due to (1) more rowing grades and higher exercise intensity achieved by rowers; (2) a higher increase in arterial pressure in rowers than in sedentary men; and (3) a lower antioxidant capacity in rowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Stupin
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia.,Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lidija Rasic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Cosic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Kolar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vatroslav Seric
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kresimir Izakovic
- Module of Physical Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia.
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Fikenzer K, Fikenzer S, Laufs U, Werner C. Effects of endurance training on serum lipids. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 101:9-20. [PMID: 29203287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical activity is recommended as part of the lifestyle modification for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, however, the literature reports heterogeneous quantitative effects of exercise on serum lipids. We therefore reviewed the effects of aerobic exercise on serum lipids with special focus on the training effectiveness. METHODS Data regarding effects of endurance training (ET) on total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated in a selective literature search. To account for the observed heterogeneity of the training interventions, studies were analyzed according to effectiveness (duration, intensity, frequency) of training. RESULTS Unselected training intervention studies did not exert significant effects on serum LDL-C but showed minor positive effects on HDL-C and TG. Effective endurance training - defined as endurance training performed by an intensity of 65-75% of the heart rate reserve (corresponding to 75-85% maximum heart rate or 65-80% VO2max) for a duration of 40-50min per training unit on 3-4days/week over a period of 26-40weeks showed improvement of serum lipids. Effective training lowered TC by -3.75% (p=0.0006), LDL-C by -4.76% (p=0.0015), TG by -8.24% (p=0.0004) and increased HDL-C by +4.43% (p=0.0061). CONCLUSION The analysis suggests that a minimum exercise threshold is necessary to produce effects on serum lipids. Overall, the quantitative effect of physical activity on serum lipids is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Fikenzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Department für Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sven Fikenzer
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Department für Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christian Werner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Kirrberger Strasse, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany.
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High intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) in older adults: Effects on body composition, strength, anabolic hormones and blood lipids. Exp Gerontol 2017; 98:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chronic Exercise Reduces CETP and Mesterolone Treatment Counteracts Exercise Benefits on Plasma Lipoproteins Profile: Studies in Transgenic Mice. Lipids 2017; 52:981-990. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Exercise-Induced Alterations in Skeletal Muscle, Heart, Liver, and Serum Metabolome Identified by Non-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7030040. [PMID: 28786928 PMCID: PMC5618325 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The metabolic and physiologic responses to exercise are increasingly interesting, given that regular physical activity enhances antioxidant capacity, improves cardiac function, and protects against type 2 diabetes. The metabolic interactions between tissues and the heart illustrate a critical cross-talk we know little about. Methods: To better understand the metabolic changes induced by exercise, we investigated skeletal muscle (plantaris, soleus), liver, serum, and heart from exercise trained (or sedentary control) animals in an established rat model of exercise-induced aerobic training via non-targeted GC-MS metabolomics. Results: Exercise-induced alterations in metabolites varied across tissues, with the soleus and serum affected the least. The alterations in the plantaris muscle and liver were most alike, with two metabolites increased in each (citric acid/isocitric acid and linoleic acid). Exercise training additionally altered nine other metabolites in the plantaris (C13 hydrocarbon, inosine/adenosine, fructose-6-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, 2-aminoadipic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and oleic acid). In the serum, we identified significantly decreased alpha-tocopherol levels, paralleling the increases identified in plantaris muscle. Eleven unique metabolites were increased in the heart, which were not affected in the other compartments (malic acid, serine, aspartic acid, myoinositol, glutamine, gluconic acid-6-phosphate, glutamic acid, pyrophosphate, campesterol, phosphoric acid, creatinine). These findings complement prior studies using targeted metabolomics approaches to determine the metabolic changes in exercise-trained human skeletal muscle. Specifically, exercise trained vastus lateralus biopsies had significantly increased linoleic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid compared to the inactive groups, which were significantly increased in plantaris muscle in the present study. Conclusions: While increases in alpha-tocopherol have not been identified in muscle after exercise to our knowledge, the benefits of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplementation in attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage has been studied extensively. Skeletal muscle, liver, and the heart have primarily different metabolic changes, with few similar alterations and rare complementary alterations (alpha-tocopherol), which may illustrate the complexity of understanding exercise at the organismal level.
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63
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Pan XH, Mahemuti A, Zhang XH, Wang YP, Hu P, Jiang JB, Xiang MX, Liu G, Wang JA. Effect of Tai Chi exercise on blood lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:640-8. [PMID: 27487809 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have demonstrated that Tai Chi exercise improves blood lipid level with inconsistent results. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of Tai Chi on blood lipid profiles in humans. METHODS We screened the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (Central), Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials with Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score more than 3 points up to June 2015. Six studies involving 445 subjects were included. Most trials applied 12-week Tai Chi intervention courses. RESULTS In comparison with the control group, blood triglyceride (TG) level difference between follow-up and baseline was statistically significantly lower in the Tai Chi practicing group (weighted mean difference (WMD) -16.81 mg/dl; 95% confidence intervals (CI) -31.27 to -2.35 mg/dl; P=0.02). A trend to improving total cholesterol (TC) reduction was found with Tai Chi (WMD -7.96 mg/dl; 95% CI -17.30 to 1.39 mg/dl; P=0.10). However, no difference was found in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). CONCLUSIONS Tai Chi exercise lowered blood TG level with a trend to decrease blood TC level. Our data suggest that Tai Chi has the potential to implement meaningful blood lipid modification and serve as an adjunctive exercise modality. The relationship between Tai Chi exercise regimen and lipid profile change might have a scientific priority for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Amina Mahemuti
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aksu 843000, China
| | - Xue-Hua Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Po Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ju-Bo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Aksu District in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Aksu 843000, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Effect of Regular Aerobic Activity in Young Healthy Athletes on Profile of Endothelial Function and Platelet Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28630872 PMCID: PMC5467294 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8715909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of regular professional sports activity on the endothelial and platelet function in young men. The studied group were 79 young men (18–40 y, 25 athletes and 54 without any regular physical activity). The nitric oxide (NO) metabolic pathway intermediates, oxidative stress markers, mediators of inflammation, and platelet aggregation were measured. Flow mediated dilation (FMD) was studied before and after intravenous 16,0 g L-arginine infusion, which was repeated after oral administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA-75 mg/day) for 4 days. Both groups had similar demographic characteristics. In the athletes, there was significantly higher hsCRP level, better serum lipid profile, and lower pulse pressure. Greater baseline FMD in athletes and in response to L-arginine disappeared following ASA treatment. There were no differences in the levels of the NO pathway metabolites. The control group was characterized by higher PAI-1 following ASA treatment and sICAM-1 both at baseline and after ASA, but no differences in MDA and 6-keto-PGF-1 alpha and platelet aggregation were noted. Regular professional physical activity modulates endothelial but not platelet function and may thus exert an effect on overall cardiovascular risk.
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Barbeau PA, Holloway TM, Whitfield J, Baechler BL, Quadrilatero J, van Loon LJC, Chabowski A, Holloway GP. α-Linolenic acid and exercise training independently, and additively, decrease blood pressure and prevent diastolic dysfunction in obese Zucker rats. J Physiol 2017; 595:4351-4364. [PMID: 28345766 DOI: 10.1113/jp274036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS α-linolenic acid (ALA) and exercise training both attenuate hyperlipidaemia-related cardiovascular derangements, however, there is a paucity of information pertaining to their mechanisms of action when combined. We investigated both the independent and combined effects of exercise training and ALA consumption in obese Zucker rats, aiming to determine the potential for additive improvements in cardiovascular function. ALA and exercise training independently improved cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, left ventricular fibrosis and mean blood pressure following a 4 week intervention. Combining ALA and endurance exercise yielded greater improvements in these parameters, independent of changes in markers of oxidative stress or endogenous anti-oxidants. We postulate that divergent mechanisms of action may explain these changes: ALA increases peripheral vasodilation, and exercise training stimulates angiogenesis. ABSTRACT Although α-linolenic acid (ALA) and endurance exercise training independently attenuate hyperlipidaemia-related cardiovascular derangements, there is a paucity of information pertaining to their mechanisms of action and efficacy when combined as a preventative therapeutic approach. Therefore, we used obese Zucker rats to investigate the independent and combined effects of these interventions on cardiovascular disease. Specifically, animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control diet-sedentary, ALA supplemented-sedentary, control diet-exercise trained or ALA supplemented-exercise trained. Following a 4 week intervention, although the independent and combined effects of ALA and exercise reduced (P < 0.05) the serum free/esterified cholesterol ratio, only the ALA supplemented-exercise trained animals displayed a reduction in the content of both serum free and esterified cholesterol. Moreover, although ALA and endurance training individually increased cardiac output, stroke volume and end-diastolic volume, as well as reduced left ventricle fibrosis, mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance, these responses were all greater following the combined intervention (ALA supplemented-exercise trained). These effects occurred independent of changes in oxidative phosphorylation proteins, markers of oxidative stress or endogenous anti-oxidant capacity. We propose that the beneficial effects of a combined intervention occur as a result of divergent mechanisms of action elicited by ALA and endurance exercise because only exercise training increased the capillary content in the left ventricle and skeletal muscle, and tended to decrease protein carbonylation in the left ventricle (P = 0.06). Taken together, our data indicate that combining ALA and endurance exercise provides additional improvements in cardiovascular disease risk reduction compared to singular interventions in the obese Zucker rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Andre Barbeau
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya M Holloway
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Whitfield
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany L Baechler
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, The Netherlands
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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66
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Rouleau CR, Toivonen K, Aggarwal S, Arena R, Campbell TS. The association between insomnia symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in patients who complete outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. Sleep Med 2017; 32:201-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fernström M, Fernberg U, Eliason G, Hurtig-Wennlöf A. Aerobic fitness is associated with low cardiovascular disease risk: the impact of lifestyle on early risk factors for atherosclerosis in young healthy Swedish individuals - the Lifestyle, Biomarker, and Atherosclerosis study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2017; 13:91-99. [PMID: 28352184 PMCID: PMC5358957 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s125966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis is slow and develops over decades. In the cross-sectional Swedish Lifestyle, Biomarker, and Atherosclerosis study, 834 young, self-reported healthy adults aged 18.0-25.9 years have been studied to identify early risk factors for atherosclerosis. PURPOSE The aims of this study were to 1) assess selected cardiometabolic biomarkers, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, and lifestyle-related indicators (food habits, handgrip strength, and oxygen uptake, VO2 max); 2) analyze the associations between cIMT and lifestyle factors; and 3) identify subjects at risk of CVD using a risk score and to compare the characteristics of subjects with and without risk of CVD. METHOD Blood samples were taken in a fasting state, and food habits were reported through a questionnaire. cIMT was measured by ultrasound, and VO2 max was measured by ergometer bike test. The risk score was calculated according to Wildman. RESULT cIMT (mean ± standard deviation) was 0.50±0.06 mm, and VO2 max values were 37.8±8.5 and 42.9±9.9 mL/kg/min, in women and men, respectively. No correlation was found between aerobic fitness expressed as VO2 max (mL/kg/min) and cIMT. Using Wildman's definition, 12% of the subjects were classified as being at risk of CVD, and 15% had homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. A total of 35% of women and 25% of men had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than recommended. Food habits did not differ between those at risk and those not at risk. However, aerobic fitness measured as VO2 max (mL/kg/min) differed; 47% of the subjects at risk had low aerobic fitness compared to 23% of the nonrisk subjects (P<0.001). CONCLUSION High aerobic fitness is associated with low CVD risk in Swedish young adults. The high prevalence of young adults observed with unfavorable levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance raises concerns about future CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernström
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences
| | - Ulrika Fernberg
- Medical Faculty, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Eliason
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, School of Health Sciences
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De Keulenaer GW, Segers VFM, Zannad F, Brutsaert DL. The future of pleiotropic therapy in heart failure. Lessons from the benefits of exercise training on endothelial function. Eur J Heart Fail 2017; 19:603-614. [PMID: 28105791 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel generation of drugs is introduced in the treatment of heart failure (HF). These drugs, including phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators, share the feature that their action is either endothelial-mediated or substitutes for endothelial pathways, in particular the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, thereby influencing homeostatic balances in virtually each organ system in a pleiotropic fashion. Unfortunately, recent clinical trials with some of these drugs have shown disappointing results, at least in the setting of HF with a preserved ejection fraction. This suggests that their clinical use may require approaches that diverge from traditional pharmacological approaches, the latter often titrated on the effects of drugs on haemodynamic parameters or single biomarkers. In this paper we preconize that HF drugs with an endothelial profile should be applied conform to principles of endothelial physiology and systems pharmacology. This type of drug therapy should be viewed as a systems physio-pharmacological intervention and its clinical use accustomed to systems pharmacological principles, comparable to the systemic endothelial-mediated benefits induced by exercise training in HF. We will review the actions of these drugs and define criteria to which trials with these drugs should comply in order to increase chances of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles W De Keulenaer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Middelheim Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Faiez Zannad
- CHU Nancy, Pôle de Cardiologie, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Dirk L Brutsaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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The TreadWheel: A Novel Apparatus to Measure Genetic Variation in Response to Gently Induced Exercise for Drosophila. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164706. [PMID: 27736996 PMCID: PMC5063428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the dramatic health issues affecting developed and developing nations, and exercise is a well-established intervention strategy. While exercise-by-genotype interactions have been shown in humans, overall little is known. Using the natural negative geotaxis of Drosophila melanogaster, an important model organism for the study of genetic interactions, a novel exercise machine, the TreadWheel, can be used to shed light on this interaction. The mechanism for inducing exercise with the TreadWheel is inherently gentle, thus minimizing possible confounding effects of other stressors. Using this machine, we were able to assess large cohorts of adult flies from eight genetic lines for their response to exercise after one week of training. We measured their triglyceride, glycerol, protein, glycogen, glucose content, and body weight, as well as their climbing ability and feeding behavior in response to exercise. Exercised flies showed decreased stored triglycerides, glycogen, and body weight, and increased stored protein and climbing ability. In addition to demonstrating an overall effect of TreadWheel exercise on flies, we found significant interactions of exercise with genotype, sex, or genotype-by-sex effects for most of the measured phenotypes. We also observed interaction effects between exercise, genotype, and tissue (abdomen or thorax) for metabolite profiles, and those differences can be partially linked to innate differences in the flies' persistence in maintaining activity during exercise bouts. In addition, we assessed gene expression levels for a panel of 13 genes known to be associated with respiratory fitness and found that many responded to exercise. With this study, we have established the TreadWheel as a useful tool to study the effect of exercise in flies, shown significant genotype-specific and sex-specific impacts of exercise, and have laid the ground work for more extensive studies of how genetics, sex, environment, and aging interact with exercise to influence metabolic fitness in Drosophila.
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Effects of a 1-year randomised controlled trial of resistance training on blood lipid profile and chylomicron concentration in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:2113-2123. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Blackford K, Jancey J, Lee AH, James AP, Waddell T, Howat P. Home-based lifestyle intervention for rural adults improves metabolic syndrome parameters and cardiovascular risk factors: A randomised controlled trial. Prev Med 2016; 89:15-22. [PMID: 27196148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Targeted interventions to reduce MetS for high risk populations are crucial for the prevention of these chronic diseases. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6-month home-based physical activity and diet intervention for rural adults with, or at risk of MetS. The randomised controlled trial was conducted in Albany and surrounding towns, Western Australia, 2014-2015. Participants were screened for MetS using the International Diabetes Federation criteria, and eligible participants were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=201) or control (n=200) group. The intervention group received printed and online programme materials and motivational support, and the control group was waitlisted to receive the programme after post-test data collection. Anthropometry, lipid profiles, glycaemic status, and blood pressure were measured at baseline and 6-months post-test. In total, 312 (77.8%) participants completed post-test data collection and were included in the anthropometric analysis, and 274 (68.3%) participants were included in the blood sample analysis. After controlling for confounders, the intervention group significantly improved their triglyceride (-0.10mM, p=0.002), total cholesterol (-0.09mM, p=0.02), and non-HDL cholesterol (-0.08mM, p=0.02) concentrations compared to the control group. Waist circumference (-2.11cm, p=0.03), waist-to-hip ratio (-0.01, p=0.04), weight (-0.70kg, p=0.01), and body mass index (-0.20kg/m(2), p<0.001) were also improved. These findings suggest that comprehensive home-based prevention programmes that include a combination of dietary and physical activity interventions are a promising means to prevent the onset of chronic disease in rural adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12614000512628.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysten Blackford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andy H Lee
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony P James
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tracy Waddell
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Howat
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health (CERIPH), Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Börjesson A, Gårevik N, Dahl ML, Rane A, Ekström L. Recruitment to doping and help-seeking behavior of eight female AAS users. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2016; 11:11. [PMID: 26945991 PMCID: PMC4779574 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-016-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doping with anabolic androgenic steroids in sports has now developed to a widespread use of these agents among young people outside the sport. This is of major concern to the society. The purpose of the use is mainly for aesthetic reasons and is seen as a male phenomenon. But use also occurs in women where the knowledge is scarce. Our aim was to identify the pattern of doping agents in eight female cases and compare them with similar data from men. METHODS Eight female users were recruited through Anti-Doping Hot-Line, a national telephone counseling service on doping issues during the years 1998-2004. The use was confirmed with urine doping analysis at the Doping Laboratory. The characteristic of use, co-use of narcotics/other doping agents, exercise pattern, adverse-side effects, family history and reason to begin was evaluated. RESULTS The women used on average 1.9 different anabolic androgenic steroids and clenbuterol preparations. Ephedrine and growth hormone were co-used in five and one of the women, respectively. Three women reported co-use of narcotics (cannabis and cocaine). The average duration of anabolic agent use before contacting health care was 58 weeks (range 7-104). Side effects for anabolic androgenic steroids (n = 5) included voice changes, clitoral enlargement, body hair growth, whereas women using clenbuterol (n = 2) reported tachycardia and depression. All women except one had a man in close relationship encouraging them to begin with the doping agents. CONCLUSIONS The use of doping agents in our eight women was different from that in male users. The women used less doping agents and were more prone to contact the health care, at an earlier stage, probably due to the adverse effects. The co-use with ephedrine, growth hormone and cannabis appeared to be in the same range as in men. This is the first study showing that a man in close relationship may motivate a woman to use anabolic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annica Börjesson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nina Gårevik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marja-Liisa Dahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Rane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lena Ekström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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VRABLÍK M, ČEŠKA R. Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia: a Review of Current Options. Physiol Res 2015; 64:S331-40. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is an important marker of increased levels of highly atherogenic remnant-like particles. The importance of lowering plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) has been called into question many times, but currently it is considered an integral part of residual cardiovascular risk reduction strategies. Lifestyle changes (improved diet and increased physical activity) are effective TG lowering measures. Pharmacological treatment usually starts with statins, although associated TG reductions are typically modest. Fibrates are currently the drugs of choice for hyperTG, frequently in combination with statins. Niacin and omega-3 fatty acids improve control of triglyceride levels when the above measures are inadequately effective. Some novel therapies including anti-sense oligonucleotides and inhibitors of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein have shown significant TG lowering efficacy. The current approach to the management of hypertriglyceridemia is based on lifestyle changes and, usually, drug combinations (statin and fibrate and/or omega-3 fatty acids or niacin).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. VRABLÍK
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jacobson TA, Maki KC, Orringer CE, Jones PH, Kris-Etherton P, Sikand G, La Forge R, Daniels SR, Wilson DP, Morris PB, Wild RA, Grundy SM, Daviglus M, Ferdinand KC, Vijayaraghavan K, Deedwania PC, Aberg JA, Liao KP, McKenney JM, Ross JL, Braun LT, Ito MK, Bays HE, Brown WV. National Lipid Association Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:S1-122.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yeh HJ, Chou YJ, Yang NP, Cheng CC, Huang N. Association Between Physical Therapy and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Dyslipidemia Among Osteoarthritis Patients: A Nationwide Database Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 97:8-16. [PMID: 26301384 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.08.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide empirical evidence on the effect of early physical therapy (PT) within the first year of osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis on reduction in OA-related comorbidities in patients with OA. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted using a nationally representative sample of 1 million National Health Insurance enrollees. PARTICIPANTS Newly diagnosed patients with OA (N=13,545). One-to-one propensity score matching was used to match patients who received PT within the first year of OA diagnosis (PT group; n=3403) with an equal number of patients with OA who did not receive PT (non-PT group). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The 4-year cumulative risk of comorbidities including coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal tract ulcer, and renal failure was estimated. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to identify the dose-response relation between the PT dosage and the risk of OA-related comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 3403 patients (25.1%) received PT within the first year of OA diagnosis. The PT group had a significantly lower 4-year cumulative risk of dyslipidemia (P=.05) and a potentially lower 4-year cumulative risk of CAD (P=.09). After adjusting for other potential confounders, the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that patients with OA who received a high PT dosage had a low risk of CAD and dyslipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Patients with OA who received PT had a lower risk of OA-related comorbidities such as dyslipidemia or CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Jui Yeh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Jenq Chou
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Ping Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chia Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Nicole Huang
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Antunes HKM, De Mello MT, de Aquino Lemos V, Santos-Galduróz RF, Camargo Galdieri L, Amodeo Bueno OF, Tufik S, D'Almeida V. Aerobic physical exercise improved the cognitive function of elderly males but did not modify their blood homocysteine levels. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2015; 5:13-24. [PMID: 25759715 PMCID: PMC4335628 DOI: 10.1159/000369160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise influences homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations, cognitive function and the metabolic profile. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of regular physical exercise on Hcy levels, the metabolic profile and cognitive function in healthy elderly males before and after an endurance exercise program. Methods Forty-five healthy and sedentary volunteers were randomized into 2 groups: (1) a control group asked not to change their normal everyday activities and not to start any regular physical exercise program and (2) an experimental group trained at a heart rate intensity corresponding to ventilatory threshold 1 (VT-1) for 60 min/day 3 times weekly on alternate days for 6 months using a cycle ergometer. All volunteers underwent cognitive evaluations, blood sample analyses and ergospirometric assessments. Results A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). No significant changes in Hcy levels were observed in the experimental group (p > 0.05), but there was a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption and workload at VT-1 as well as a significant improvement in cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, urea, T3, T4 and prostate-specific antigen compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The data suggest that a physical exercise program does not reduce Hcy levels in healthy elderly males, although it improves the cardiovascular and metabolic profile as well as cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karen M Antunes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, Santo André, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE, São Paulo, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio De Mello
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santo André, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE, São Paulo, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Valdir de Aquino Lemos
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santo André, Brazil ; Centro de Estudos em Psicobiologia e Exercício - CEPE, São Paulo, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santo André, Brazil
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