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Formulation and in vitro characterization of composite biodegradable magnetic nanoparticles for magnetically guided cell delivery. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1232-41. [PMID: 22274555 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cells modified with magnetically responsive nanoparticles (MNP) can provide the basis for novel targeted therapeutic strategies. However, improvements are required in the MNP design and cell treatment protocols to provide adequate magnetic properties in balance with acceptable cell viability and function. This study focused on select variables controlling the uptake and cell compatibility of biodegradable polymer-based MNP in cultured endothelial cells. METHODS Fluorescent-labeled MNP were formed using magnetite and polylactide as structural components. Their magnetically driven sedimentation and uptake were studied fluorimetrically relative to cell viability in comparison to non-magnetic control conditions. The utility of surface-activated MNP forming affinity complexes with replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad) for transduction achieved concomitantly with magnetic cell loading was examined using the green fluorescent protein reporter. RESULTS A high-gradient magnetic field was essential for sedimentation and cell binding of albumin-stabilized MNP, the latter being rate-limiting in the MNP loading process. Cell loading up to 160 pg iron oxide per cell was achievable with cell viability >90%. Magnetically driven uptake of MNP-Ad complexes can provide high levels of transgene expression potentially useful for a combined cell/gene therapy. CONCLUSIONS Magnetically responsive endothelial cells for targeted delivery applications can be obtained rapidly and efficiently using composite biodegradable MNP.
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Lai K, Jiang W, Tang JZ, Wu Y, He B, Wang G, Gu Z. Superparamagnetic nano-composite scaffolds for promoting bone cell proliferation and defect reparation without a magnetic field. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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53
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Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging technology dealing with so-called nanomaterials which at least in one dimension have size smaller than 100 nm. One of the most potentially promising applications of nanotechnology is in the area of tissue engineering, including biofabrication of 3D human tissues and organs. This paper focused on demonstrating how nanomaterials with nanolevel size can contribute to development of 3D human tissues and organs which have macrolevel organization. Specific nanomaterials such as nanofibers and nanoparticles are discussed in the context of their application for biofabricating 3D human tissues and organs. Several examples of novel tissue and organ biofabrication technologies based on using novel nanomaterials are presented and their recent limitations are analyzed. A robotic device for fabrication of compliant composite electrospun vascular graft is described. The concept of self-assembling magnetic tissue spheroids as an intermediate structure between nano- and macrolevel organization and building blocks for biofabrication of complex 3D human tissues and organs is introduced. The design of in vivo robotic bioprinter based on this concept and magnetic levitation of tissue spheroids labeled with magnetic nanoparticles is presented. The challenges and future prospects of applying nanomaterials and nanotechnological strategies in organ biofabrication are outlined.
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54
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Wei Y, Zhang X, Song Y, Han B, Hu X, Wang X, Lin Y, Deng X. Magnetic biodegradable Fe3O4/CS/PVA nanofibrous membranes for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:055008. [PMID: 21893702 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/5/055008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interest in magnetic biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering has increased considerably. The aim of this study is to develop magnetic biodegradable fibrous materials with potential use in bone regeneration. Magnetic biodegradable Fe(3)O(4)/chitosan (CS)/poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous membranes were achieved by electrospinning with average fiber diameters ranging from 230 to 380 nm and porosity of 83.9-85.1%. The influences of polymer concentration, applied voltage and Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles loading on the fabrication of nanofibers were investigated. The polymer concentration of 4.5 wt%, applied voltage of 20 kV and Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles loading of lower than 5 wt% could produce homogeneous, smooth and continuous Fe(3)O(4)/CS/PVA nanofibrous membranes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed that the crystalline structure of the Fe(3)O(4), CS and PVA were maintained during electrospinning process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated that the Fe(3)O(4) loading up to 5 wt% did not change the functional groups of CS/PVA greatly. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed islets of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles evenly distributed in the fibers. Weak ferrimagnetic behaviors of membranes were revealed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) test. Tensile test exhibited Young's modulus of membranes that were gradually enhanced with the increase of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles loading, while ultimate tensile stress and ultimate strain were slightly reduced by Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles loading of 5%. Additionally, MG63 human osteoblast-like cells were seeded on the magnetic nanofibrous membranes to evaluate their bone biocompatibility. Cell growth dynamics according to MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation exhibited good cell adhesion and proliferation, suggesting that this magnetic biodegradable Fe(3)O(4)/CS/PVA nanofibrous membranes can be one of promising biomaterials for facilitation of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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55
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Harrington JK, Chahboune H, Criscione JM, Li AY, Hibino N, Yi T, Villalona GA, Kobsa S, Meijas D, Duncan DR, Devine L, Papademetri X, Shin'oka T, Fahmy TM, Breuer CK. Determining the fate of seeded cells in venous tissue-engineered vascular grafts using serial MRI. FASEB J 2011; 25:4150-61. [PMID: 21846838 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-185140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A major limitation of tissue engineering research is the lack of noninvasive monitoring techniques for observations of dynamic changes in single tissue-engineered constructs. We use cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to track the fate of cells seeded onto functional tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) through serial imaging. After in vitro optimization, murine macrophages were labeled with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles and seeded onto scaffolds that were surgically implanted as inferior vena cava interposition grafts in SCID/bg mice. Serial MRI showed the transverse relaxation times (T(2)) were significantly lower immediately following implantation of USPIO-labeled scaffolds (T(2) = 44 ± 6.8 vs. 71 ± 10.2 ms) but increased rapidly at 2 h to values identical to control implants seeded with unlabeled macrophages (T(2) = 63 ± 12 vs. 63 ± 14 ms). This strongly indicates the rapid loss of seeded cells from the scaffolds, a finding verified using Prussian blue staining for iron containing macrophages on explanted TEVGs. Our results support a novel paradigm where seeded cells are rapidly lost from implanted scaffolds instead of developing into cells of the neovessel, as traditionally thought. Our findings confirm and validate this paradigm shift while demonstrating the first successful application of noninvasive MRI for serial study of cellular-level processes in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Harrington
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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56
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Lee WY, Cheng WY, Yeh YC, Lai CH, Hwang SM, Hsiao CW, Huang CW, Chen MC, Sung HW. Magnetically Directed Self-Assembly of Electrospun Superparamagnetic Fibrous Bundles to Form Three-Dimensional Tissues with a Highly Ordered Architecture. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:651-61. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Huang Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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57
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Udelsman B, Hibino N, Villalona GA, McGillicuddy E, Nieponice A, Sakamoto Y, Matsuda S, Vorp DA, Shinoka T, Breuer CK. Development of an operator-independent method for seeding tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:731-6. [PMID: 21410308 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The manual seeding of cells onto a biodegradable scaffold by pipetting is an effective method of cell seeding. However, the widespread use and ultimate clinical utility of this technique is limited by operator variability. This study was conducted to evaluate an operator-independent vacuum-seeding method for use in an upcoming clinical trial. Using bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, we achieved seeding comparable to manually seeded scaffolds in terms of cellular attachment, distribution, and viability in vacuum-seeded grafts at vacuum pressures of -25 to -50 mmHg. In conclusion, we describe an operator-independent seeding method for use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks Udelsman
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8062, USA
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58
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Pankajakshan D, Agrawal DK. Scaffolds in tissue engineering of blood vessels. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 88:855-73. [PMID: 20921972 DOI: 10.1139/y10-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of small diameter (<5 mm) blood vessels is a promising approach for developing viable alternatives to autologous vascular grafts. It involves in vitro seeding of cells onto a scaffold on which the cells attach, proliferate, and differentiate while secreting the components of extracellular matrix that are required for creating the tissue. The scaffold should provide the initial requisite mechanical strength to withstand in vivo hemodynamic forces until vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts reinforce the extracellular matrix of the vessel wall. Hence, the choice of scaffold is crucial for providing guidance cues to the cells to behave in the required manner to produce tissues and organs of the desired shape and size. Several types of scaffolds have been used for the reconstruction of blood vessels. They can be broadly classified as biological scaffolds, decellularized matrices, and polymeric biodegradable scaffolds. This review focuses on the different types of scaffolds that have been designed, developed, and tested for tissue engineering of blood vessels, including use of stem cells in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pankajakshan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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59
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Tampieri A, Landi E, Valentini F, Sandri M, D'Alessandro T, Dediu V, Marcacci M. A conceptually new type of bio-hybrid scaffold for bone regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:015104. [PMID: 21135464 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/1/015104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic bio-hybrid porous scaffolds have been synthesized, nucleating nano-apatite in situ on self-assembling collagen, in the presence of magnetite nano-particles. The magnetic phase acted as a sort of cross-linking agent for the collagen, inducing a chemico-physical-mechanical stabilization of the material and allowing us to control the porosity network of the scaffold. Gradients of bio-mineralization and magnetization were also developed for osteochondral application. The good potentiality of the material as a biomedical device, able to offer assistance to bone regeneration through scaffold reloading with specific factors guided by an external magnetic field, has been preliminarily investigated. Up to now the proof of this concept has been realized through in vitro assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tampieri
- ISTEC-CNR, Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council, Faenza (RA), Italy
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60
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Villalona GA, Udelsman B, Duncan DR, McGillicuddy E, Sawh-Martinez RF, Hibino N, Painter C, Mirensky T, Erickson B, Shinoka T, Breuer CK. Cell-seeding techniques in vascular tissue engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:341-50. [PMID: 20085439 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of cell seeding in the construction of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVG). However, seeding methods are diverse and no method is clearly superior in either promoting seeding efficiency or improving long-term graft function. As we head into an era during which a variety of different TEVG are under investigation in clinical trials around the world, it is important to consider the regulatory issues surrounding the translation of these technologies. In this review, we summarize important advances in the field of vascular tissue engineering, with particular attention on cell-seeding techniques for TEVG development and special emphasis placed on regulatory issues concerning the clinical translation of these various methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Villalona
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8062, USA
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61
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the USA. The limited availability of healthy autologous vessels for bypass grafting procedures has led to the fabrication of prosthetic vascular conduits. While synthetic polymers have been extensively studied as substitutes in vascular engineering, they fall short of meeting the biological challenges at the blood-material interface. Various tissue engineering strategies have emerged to address these flaws and increase long-term patency of vascular grafts. Vascular cell seeding of scaffolds and the design of bioactive polymers for in situ arterial regeneration have yielded promising results. This article describes the advances made in biomaterials design to generate suitable materials that not only match the mechanical properties of native vasculature, but also promote cell growth, facilitate extracellular matrix production and inhibit thrombogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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62
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Magnetic labeling, imaging and manipulation of endothelial progenitor cells using iron oxide nanoparticles. Future Med Chem 2010; 2:397-408. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), originating from bone marrow, play a significant role in the repair of ischemic tissue and injured blood vessels. They are also involved in tumor angiogenesis. The therapeutic potential of EPCs for regenerative medicine and cancer treatment calls for new methods for monitoring and controlling cell migration. This review focuses on promising magnetic methods based on the internalization of magnetic nanoparticles by EPCs. We first describe the cellular uptake of iron oxide nanoparticles depending on their surface properties. We thus review the use of MRI for the detection of labeled cells and for noninvasive follow-up of EPCs homing in sites of endothelium regeneration. Finally, we show that remotely applied magnetic forces may enable intracellular manipulation and may optimize cell-delivery strategies for localizing cell therapy to target sites.
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63
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Recent developments in processing systems for cell and tissue cultures toward therapeutic application. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:267-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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64
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Barakat NS. Magnetically modulated nanosystems: a unique drug-delivery platform. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:799-812. [PMID: 19839815 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are attractive targets owing to their unique characteristics that are not shared by bulk materials. Magnetic particles, ranging from nanometer-sized to 1 µm in size, are being used in an increasing number of medical applications. The important properties of magnetic particles for medical applications are nontoxicity, biocompatiblilty, injectability and high-level accumulation in the target tissue or organ. Magnetic nanoparticles modified with organic molecules have been widely used for biotechnological and biomedical applications as their properties can be magnetically controlled by applying an external magnetic field. They offer high potential for numerous biomedical applications, such as cell separation, automated DNA extraction, gene targeting, drug delivery, MRI and hyperthermia. When coated with, for example, an antibody, they can be applied in highly sensitive immunoassays or small substance recoveries. Furthermore, a novel application of magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic forces for tissue engineering, termed ‘magnetic force-based tissue engineering’ has been proposed. Particular attention had been paid to the preparation methods that allow the synthesis of particles of nearly uniform size and shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla S Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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65
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Fujita H, Shimizu K, Nagamori E. Application of a cell sheet-polymer film complex with temperature sensitivity for increased mechanical strength and cell alignment capability. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:370-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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66
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the United States. The limited availability of healthy autologous vessels for bypass grafting procedures has led to the fabrication of prosthetic vascular conduits. Synthetic polymeric materials, while providing the appropriate mechanical strength, lack the compliance and biocompatibility that bioresorbable and naturally occurring protein polymers offer. Vascular tissue engineering approaches have emerged in order to meet the challenges of designing a vascular graft with long-term patency. In vitro culture techniques that have been explored with vascular cell seeding of polymeric scaffolds and the use of bioactive polymers for in situ arterial regeneration have yielded promising results. This review describes the development of polymeric materials in various tissue engineering strategies for the improvement in the mechanical and biological performance of an arterial substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zheng Qu
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elliot L. Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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67
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Dong JD, Gu YQ, Li CM, Wang CR, Feng ZG, Qiu RX, Chen B, Li JX, Zhang SW, Wang ZG, Zhang J. Response of mesenchymal stem cells to shear stress in tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:530-6. [PMID: 19417732 PMCID: PMC4002825 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into endothelial cells. The effect of shear stress on MSC differentiation is incompletely understood, and most studies have been based on two-dimensional systems. We used a model of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to investigate the effects of shear stress on MSC differentiation. METHODS MSCs were isolated from canine bone marrow. The TEVG was constructed by seeding MSCs onto poly-epsilon-caprolactone and lactic acid (PCLA) scaffolds and subjecting them to shear stress provided by a pulsatile bioreactor for four days (two days at 1 dyne/cm(2) to 15 dyne/cm(2) and two days at 15 dyne/cm(2)). RESULTS Shear stress significantly increased the expression of endothelial cell markers, such as platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), VE-cadherin, and CD34, at both the mRNA and protein levels as compared with static control cells. Protein levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and calponin were substantially reduced in shear stress-cultured cells. There was no significant change in the expression of alpha-SMA, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) or calponin at the mRNA level. CONCLUSION Shear stress upregulated the expression of endothelial cell-related markers and downregulated smooth muscle-related markers in canine MSCs. This study may serve as a basis for further investigation of the effects of shear stress on MSC differentiation in TEVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-de Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital and the Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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68
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Combined targeting of lentiviral vectors and positioning of transduced cells by magnetic nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 106:44-9. [PMID: 19118196 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0803746106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting of viral vectors is a major challenge for in vivo gene delivery, especially after intravascular application. In addition, targeting of the endothelium itself would be of importance for gene-based therapies of vascular disease. Here, we used magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to combine cell transduction and positioning in the vascular system under clinically relevant, nonpermissive conditions, including hydrodynamic forces and hypothermia. The use of MNPs enhanced transduction efficiency of endothelial cells and enabled direct endothelial targeting of lentiviral vectors (LVs) by magnetic force, even in perfused vessels. In addition, application of external magnetic fields to mice significantly changed LV/MNP biodistribution in vivo. LV/MNP-transduced cells exhibited superparamagnetic behavior as measured by magnetorelaxometry, and they were efficiently retained by magnetic fields. The magnetic interactions were strong enough to position MNP-containing endothelial cells at the intima of vessels under physiological flow conditions. Importantly, magnetic positioning of MNP-labeled cells was also achieved in vivo in an injury model of the mouse carotid artery. Intravascular gene targeting can be combined with positioning of the transduced cells via nanomagnetic particles, thereby combining gene- and cell-based therapies.
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69
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Mironov V, Kasyanov V, Markwald RR. Nanotechnology in vascular tissue engineering: from nanoscaffolding towards rapid vessel biofabrication. Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26:338-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Dobson J. Remote control of cellular behaviour with magnetic nanoparticles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 3:139-43. [PMID: 18654485 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
By binding magnetic nanoparticles to the surface of cells, it is possible to manipulate and control cell function with an external magnetic field. The technique of activating cells with magnetic nanoparticles offers a means to isolate and explore cellular mechanics and ion channel activation to gain better understanding of these processes. Here, we go beyond using this technique as an investigative tool and focus on its potential to actively control cellular functions and processes with an eye towards biological and clinical applications. In particular, we focus on applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Dobson
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Harsthill, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
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71
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Shimizu K, Ito A, Honda H. Mag-seeding of rat bone marrow stromal cells into porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 104:171-7. [PMID: 17964479 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.104.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has been investigated as an alternative strategy for autograft transplantation. In the process of tissue engineering, cell seeding into three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds is the first step for constructing 3-D tissues. We have proposed a methodology of cell seeding into 3-D porous scaffolds using magnetic force and magnetite nanoparticles, which we term Mag-seeding. In this study, we applied this Mag-seeding technique to bone tissue engineering using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and 3-D hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds. BMSCs were magnetically labeled with our original magnetite cationic liposomes (MCLs) having a positive surface charge to improve adsorption to cell surface. Magnetically labeled BMSCs were seeded onto a scaffold, and a 1-T magnet was placed under the scaffold. By using Mag-seeding, the cells were successfully seeded into the internal space of scaffolds with a high cell density. The cell seeding efficiency into HA scaffolds by Mag-seeding was approximately threefold larger than that by static-seeding (conventional method, without a magnet). After a 14-d cultivation period using the osteogenic induction medium by Mag-seeding, the level of two representative osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) were significantly higher than those by static-seeding. These results indicated that Mag-seeding of BMSCs into HA scaffolds is an effective approach to bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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