51
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Cucchi DGJ, Groen RWJ, Janssen JJWM, Cloos J. Ex vivo cultures and drug testing of primary acute myeloid leukemia samples: Current techniques and implications for experimental design and outcome. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 53:100730. [PMID: 33096284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New treatment options of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are rapidly emerging. Pre-clinical models such as ex vivo cultures are extensively used towards the development of novel drugs and to study synergistic drug combinations, as well as to discover biomarkers for both drug response and anti-cancer drug resistance. Although these approaches empower efficient investigation of multiple drugs in a multitude of primary AML samples, their translational value and reproducibility are hampered by the lack of standardized methodologies and by culture system-specific behavior of AML cells and chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, distinct research questions require specific methods which rely on specific technical knowledge and skills. To address these aspects, we herein review commonly used culture techniques in light of diverse research questions. In addition, culture-dependent effects on drug resistance towards commonly used drugs in the treatment of AML are summarized including several pitfalls that may arise because of culture technique artifacts. The primary aim of the current review is to provide practical guidelines for ex vivo primary AML culture experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G J Cucchi
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R W J Groen
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J J W M Janssen
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, which makes it a very impactful malignancy in the society. Breast cancers can be classified through different systems based on the main tumor features and gene, protein, and cell receptors expression, which will determine the most advisable therapeutic course and expected outcomes. Multiple therapeutic options have already been proposed and implemented for breast cancer treatment. Nonetheless, their use and efficacy still greatly depend on the tumor classification, and treatments are commonly associated with invasiveness, pain, discomfort, severe side effects, and poor specificity. This has demanded an investment in the research of the mechanisms behind the disease progression, evolution, and associated risk factors, and on novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. However, advances in the understanding and assessment of breast cancer are dependent on the ability to mimic the properties and microenvironment of tumors in vivo, which can be achieved through experimentation on animal models. This review covers an overview of the main animal models used in breast cancer research, namely in vitro models, in vivo models, in silico models, and other models. For each model, the main characteristics, advantages, and challenges associated to their use are highlighted.
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Co-occurrence of Cell Lines, Basal Media and Supplementation in the Biomedical Research Literature. JOURNAL OF DATA AND INFORMATION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jdis-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The use of in vitro cell culture and experimentation is a cornerstone of biomedical research, however, more attention has recently been given to the potential consequences of using such artificial basal medias and undefined supplements. As a first step towards better understanding and measuring the impact these systems have on experimental results, we use text mining to capture typical research practices and trends around cell culture.
Design/methodology/approach
To measure the scale of in vitro cell culture use, we have analyzed a corpus of 94,695 research articles that appear in biomedical research journals published in ScienceDirect from 2000–2018. Central to our investigation is the observation that studies using cell culture describe conditions using the typical sentence structure of cell line, basal media, and supplemented compounds. Here we tag our corpus with a curated list of basal medias and the Cellosaurus ontology using the Aho-Corasick algorithm. We also processed the corpus with Stanford CoreNLP to find nouns that follow the basal media, in an attempt to identify supplements used.
Findings
Interestingly, we find that researchers frequently use DMEM even if a cell line's vendor recommends less concentrated media. We see long-tailed distributions for the usage of media and cell lines, with DMEM and RPMI dominating the media, and HEK293, HEK293T, and HeLa dominating cell lines used.
Research limitations
Our analysis was restricted to documents in ScienceDirect, and our text mining method achieved high recall but low precision and mandated manual inspection of many tokens.
Practical implications
Our findings document current cell culture practices in the biomedical research community, which can be used as a resource for future experimental design.
Originality/value
No other work has taken a text mining approach to surveying cell culture practices in biomedical research.
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Martín MJ, Gentili C, Lassalle V. In vitro Biological Tests as the First Tools To Validate Magnetic Nanotheranostics for Colorectal Cancer Models. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1003-1017. [PMID: 32365271 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer death. Nanotechnology has focused on reaching more effective treatments. In this concern, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been studied for a wide range of biomedical applications related to CRC, such as diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and thermal therapy. However, limited research is currently found in the open literature that refers to nanosystems combining all these mentioned areas (theranostics). When developing nanosystems intended as theranostics applied to CRC, possible variations between patients must be considered. Therefore, multiple in vitro assays are required as guidance for future preclinical and clinical trials. The objective of this contribution is to evaluate the available and recent literature regarding the interactions of MNP and CRC models, aiming to critically analyze the information given by the commonly used assays and evaluate the data provided by each one with a view to implementing this novel technology in CRC diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julia Martín
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.,INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- INBIOSUR, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Verónica Lassalle
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET-UNS), Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Rastogi K, Singh L, Khatri A, Mishra K, Gupta R. Reliable cerebrospinal fluid cytology reporting over an extended period: Is it possible by adding formol saline and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as cell preservative? Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:745-751. [PMID: 32400972 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reporting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology within a narrow time frame is crucial as it is often indicated in critically ill patients and moreover, the cells in CSF are highly labile and tend to decline rapidly on standing. However, due to various logistic issues, delay in reporting is inevitable at times, especially if ancillary tools are required. In this study, we examine the effect of using formol saline and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a preservative on the cellular composition of CSF at 18, 24, and 48 hours of preservation. METHODS Thirty CSF specimens were examined within 2 hours of collection and this reading was recorded as time zero reading. The CSF specimens were then divided in three tubes with: (a) preservative:CSF ratio of 1:1; (b) preservative:CSF ratio of 1:5; and (c) no preservative. Total and differential leucocyte counts and immunocytochemistry were performed on the three specimens at 18, 24, and 48 hours and were compared with the readings at 0 hour. RESULTS Preserved CSF (in the ratio of 1:5) showed no significant decrease in the number of cells at 18 hours (P = .4), 24 hours (P = .3), and 48 hours (P = .1). Cellularity decreased by 8.5%, 22%, and 40% at 18, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. Cell morphology and antigenicity were well preserved at all the three time intervals. CONCLUSION Formol saline and EDTA, when mixed with the CSF in the ratio of 1:5, can preserve significant cellularity for up to 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
| | - Lavleen Singh
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
| | - Arti Khatri
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
| | - Kirtisudha Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, Delhi, India
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Hoseini M, Sharifi S, Sazgarnia A. The Influence of Anionic, Cationic Surfactant and AOT/Water/Heptane Reverse Micelle on Photophysical Properties of Crocin: Compare with RPMI Effect. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:665-677. [PMID: 32338327 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of crocin (CN), having large nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, can be utilized in studies of photodynamic therapy (PDT). For this purpose, photo-physical and NLO properties of CN encapsulation with and without cell culture medium (CCM) were investigated. As well, nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficient and nonlinear refractive (NLR) indices were found to be 10-7 (cm W-1) and 10-12 (cm2 W-1); respectively. The results revealed that NLO properties of CN had changed through its dipole moment. Reflecting on the theory of Bilot and Kawski, it was evidenced that the dipole moment of CN could change with a nano-droplet size. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that RPMI-1640 as a growth medium had failed to change NLO properties of CN encapsulated in nano-droplet. Accordingly, the encapsulated CN in nano-droplet in the form of a photosensitizer (PS) was suggested as a good candidate to examine PDT under in-vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hoseini
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Soheil Sharifi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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58
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Ghafuri-Esfahani A, Shokri R, Sharifi A, Shafiee L, Khosravi R, Kaghazian H, Khalili M. Optimization of parameters affecting on CHO cell culture producing recombinant erythropoietin. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:834-841. [PMID: 32336186 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1753072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Several factors may affect erythropoietin (EPO) sugar structures including designing cell culture procedure, pH, concentration of additives, dissolved oxygen, and other physicochemical parameters. In this study, we investigated the influence of changes in effective parameters and compounds on the growth rate of Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) cells producing recombinant EPO. Cell culture was performed at different temperature, buffering conditions, and varied concentrations of additives such as pyruvic acid, insulin, GlutaMAX, and sodium butyrate. Results indicated that the optimal temperature and pH were 37 °C and 7.2, respectively. Also, optimal concentrations for pyruvic acid, butyrate, glutamate, and insulin were obtained to be 20 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, and 40 μg/mL, respectively. Then, cell culture was performed in microcarrier-coated spinner flasks under the optimized condition. The results showed recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) production with adequate purity. Optimization of physicochemical conditions and culture media are important factors to improve the quantity and quality of protein products. This study showed that cell growth and recombinant EPO protein production significantly increased under the optimized conditions. The results of this research can also be used in scale-up to increase the efficiency of EPO production. Abbreviations: EPO: erythropoietin; CHO cell: Chinese hamster ovary cell; rhEPO: recombinant human EPO; DMEM: modified eagle's medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahman Shokri
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Athar Sharifi
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Lida Shafiee
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Khosravi
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hooman Kaghazian
- Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Marouf Khalili
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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59
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Duffin RN, Werrett MV, Andrews PC. Antimony and bismuth as antimicrobial agents. Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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60
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Standardization of organoid culture for evaluation of melanogenesis induced by UVB, UVA and visible light. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 95:46-51. [PMID: 31901368 PMCID: PMC7058865 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organoid cultures are primary cultures that maintain architectural characteristics and the relationships between cells, as well as the extracellular matrix. They are alternatives for pathophysiological or therapeutic investigation rather than animal and in vitro tests. Objective Development of a cutaneous organoid culture model, aiming at the study of radiation-induced melanogenesis. Method A validation study, which involved biopsies of the skin of the back of the adult ear. One sample was irradiated with different doses of UVB, UVA, or visible light (VL); the other was maintained in the dark for 72 h. The viability of the tissues was evaluated from the morphological and architectural parameters of the histology, and the expression of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The radiation-induced melanin pigmentation was standardized according to the doses of each radiation and evaluated by digital image analysis (Fontana-Masson). Results The primary skin culture was standardized at room temperature using DMEM medium. The doses of UVB, UVA, and VL (blue light) that induced differential melanogenesis were: 166 mJ/cm2, 1.524 J/cm2, and 40 J/cm2. The expression of the GAPHD constitutional gene did not differ between the sample of skin processed immediately after tissue collection and the sample cultured for 72 h in the standardized protocol. Study limitations This was a preliminary study that evaluated only the viability and integrity of the melanogenic system, and the effect of the radiation alone. Conclusions The standardized model maintained viable melanocytic function for 72 h at room temperature, allowing the investigation of melanogenesis induced by different forms of radiation.
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Cantor JR. The Rise of Physiologic Media. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:854-861. [PMID: 31623927 PMCID: PMC7001851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Developed decades ago, traditional culture media were not intended to resemble the metabolic composition of human blood, and indeed poorly do so. Yet, despite what is now a clear recognition that environmental factors influence metabolism, such media remain standard to in vitro studies across virtually all areas of biological research. The recent development of physiologic media, like other efforts designed to address the modeling capacity of cell culture, holds immense potential to improve understanding and interpretation of diverse biological and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Cantor
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Yongky A, Xu J, Tian J, Oliveira C, Zhao J, McFarland K, Borys MC, Li ZJ. Process intensification in fed-batch production bioreactors using non-perfusion seed cultures. MAbs 2019; 11:1502-1514. [PMID: 31379298 PMCID: PMC6816350 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1652075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although process intensification by continuous operation has been successfully applied in the chemical industry, the biopharmaceutical industry primarily uses fed-batch, rather than continuous or perfusion methods, to produce stable monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Conventional fed-batch bioreactors may start with an inoculation viable cell density (VCD) of ~0.5 × 106 cells/mL. Increasing the inoculation VCD in the fed-batch production bioreactor (referred to as N stage bioreactor) to 2-10 × 106 cells/mL by introducing perfusion operation or process intensification at the seed step (N-1 step) prior to the production bioreactor has recently been used because it increases manufacturing output by shortening cell culture production duration. In this study, we report that increasing the inoculation VCD significantly improved the final titer in fed-batch production within the same 14-day duration for 3 mAbs produced by 3 CHO GS cell lines. We also report that other non-perfusion methods at the N-1 step using either fed batch or batch mode with enriched culture medium can similarly achieve high N-1 final VCD of 22-34 × 106 cells/mL. These non-perfusion N-1 seeds supported inoculation of subsequent production fed-batch production bioreactors at increased inoculation VCD of 3-6 × 106 cells/mL, where these achieved titer and product quality attributes comparable to those inoculated using the perfusion N-1 seeds demonstrated in both 5-L bioreactors, as well as scaled up to 500-L and 1000-L N-stage bioreactors. To operate the N-1 step using batch mode, enrichment of the basal medium was critical at both the N-1 and subsequent intensified fed-batch production steps. The non-perfusion N-1 methodologies reported here are much simpler alternatives in operation for process development, process characterization, and large-scale commercial manufacturing compared to perfusion N-1 seeds that require perfusion equipment, as well as preparation and storage vessels to accommodate large volumes of perfusion media. Although only 3 stable mAbs produced by CHO cell cultures are used in this study, the basic principles of the non-perfusion N-1 seed strategies for shortening seed train and production culture duration or improving titer should be applicable to other protein production by different mammalian cells and other hosts at any scale biologics facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Yongky
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Oliveira
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Kevin McFarland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael C. Borys
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Global Product Development and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Devens, MA, USA
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Goršak T, Makovec D, Javornik U, Belec B, Kralj S, Lisjak D. A functionalization strategy for the dispersion of permanently magnetic barium-hexaferrite nanoplatelets in complex biological media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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64
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Rubio N, Datar I, Stachura D, Kaplan D, Krueger K. Cell-Based Fish: A Novel Approach to Seafood Production and an Opportunity for Cellular Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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65
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The Cell Culture Medium Affects Growth, Phenotype Expression and the Response to Selenium Cytotoxicity in A549 and HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050130. [PMID: 31091728 PMCID: PMC6563005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium compounds influence cell growth and are highly interesting candidate compounds for cancer chemotherapy. Over decades an extensive number of publications have reported highly efficient growth inhibitory effects with a number of suggested mechanisms f especially for redox-active selenium compounds. However, the studies are difficult to compare due to a high degree of variations in half-maximal inhibitor concentration (IC50) dependent on cultivation conditions and methods to assess cell viability. Among other factors, the variability in culture conditions may affect the experimental outcome. To address this, we have compared the maintenance effects of four commonly used cell culture media on two cell lines, A549 and HepG2, evaluated by the toxic response to selenite and seleno-methylselenocysteine, cell growth and redox homeostasis. We found that the composition of the cell culture media greatly affected cell growth and sensitivity to selenium cytotoxicity. We also provided evidence for change of phenotype in A549 cells when maintained under different culture conditions, demonstrated by changes in cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and vimentin expression. In conclusion, our results have shown the importance of defining the cell culture medium used when comparing results from different studies.
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66
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Burns JR, Howorka S. Structural and Functional Stability of DNA Nanopores in Biological Media. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040490. [PMID: 30934927 PMCID: PMC6523550 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanopores offer a unique nano-scale foothold at the membrane interface that can help advance the life sciences as biophysical research tools or gate-keepers for drug delivery. Biological applications require sufficient physiological stability and membrane activity for viable biological action. In this report, we determine essential parameters for efficient nanopore folding and membrane binding in biocompatible cell media. The parameters are identified for an archetypal DNA nanopore composed of six interwoven strands carrying cholesterol lipid anchors. Using gel electrophoresis and fluorescence spectroscopy, the nanostructures are found to assemble efficiently in cell media, such as LB and DMEM, and remain structurally stable at physiological temperatures. Furthermore, the pores’ oligomerization state is monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. The pores remain predominately water-soluble over 24 h in all buffer systems, and were able to bind to lipid vesicles after 24 h to confirm membrane activity. However, the addition of fetal bovine serum to DMEM causes a significant reduction in nanopore activity. Serum proteins complex rapidly to the pore, most likely via ionic interactions, to reduce the effective nanopore concentration in solution. Our findings outline crucial conditions for maintaining lipidated DNA nanodevices, structurally and functionally intact in cell media, and pave the way for biological studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Stefan Howorka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, A-4020 Linz, Austria.
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van de Stolpe A. Quantitative Measurement of Functional Activity of the PI3K Signaling Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E293. [PMID: 30832253 PMCID: PMC6468721 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) growth factor signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development and in many physiological processes, for example the generation of an immune response. The pathway is frequently activated in cancer, driving cell division and influencing the activity of other signaling pathways, such as the MAPK, JAK-STAT and TGFβ pathways, to enhance tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Drugs that inhibit the pathway at various locations, e.g., receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors, are clinically available. To predict drug response versus resistance, tests that measure PI3K pathway activity in a patient sample, preferably in combination with measuring the activity of other signaling pathways to identify potential resistance pathways, are needed. However, tests for signaling pathway activity are lacking, hampering optimal clinical application of these drugs. We recently reported the development and biological validation of a test that provides a quantitative PI3K pathway activity score for individual cell and tissue samples across cancer types, based on measuring Forkhead Box O (FOXO) transcription factor target gene mRNA levels in combination with a Bayesian computational interpretation model. A similar approach has been used to develop tests for other signaling pathways (e.g., estrogen and androgen receptor, Hedgehog, TGFβ, Wnt and NFκB pathways). The potential utility of the test is discussed, e.g., to predict response and resistance to targeted drugs, immunotherapy, radiation and chemotherapy, as well as (pre-) clinical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja van de Stolpe
- Precision Diagnostics, Philips Research, High Tech Campus, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Tan A, Hong L, Du JD, Boyd BJ. Self-Assembled Nanostructured Lipid Systems: Is There a Link between Structure and Cytotoxicity? ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801223. [PMID: 30775224 PMCID: PMC6364503 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of lipid-based liquid crystalline (LLC) nanoparticles is a formulation art arising from the hydrophilic-lipophilic qualities and the geometric packing of amphiphilic lipid molecules in an aqueous environment. The diversity of commercialized amphiphilic lipids and an increased understanding of the physicochemical factors dictating their membrane curvature has enabled versatile architectural design and engineering of LLC nanoparticles. While these exotic nanostructured materials are hypothesized to form the next generation of smart therapeutics for a broad field of biomedical applications, biological knowledge particularly on the systemic biocompatibility or cytotoxicity of LLC materials remains unclear. Here, an overview on the interactions between LLCs of different internal nanostructures and biological components (including soluble plasma constituents, blood cells, and isolated tissue cell lines) is provided. Factors affecting cell-nanoparticle tolerability such as the type of lipids, type of steric stabilizers, nanoparticle surface charges, and internal nanostructures (or lipid phase behaviors) are elucidated. The mechanisms of cellular uptake and lipid transfer between neighboring membrane domains are also reviewed. A critical analysis of these studies sheds light on future strategies to transform LLC materials into a viable therapeutic entity ideal for internal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyDrug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University, Parkville Campus381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Linda Hong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyDrug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University, Parkville Campus381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Joanne D. Du
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyDrug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University, Parkville Campus381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyDrug Delivery, Disposition and DynamicsMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University, Parkville Campus381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
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Dubey SK, Ram MS, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Agrawal M, Ajazuddin, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Recent Expansions on Cellular Models to Uncover the Scientific Barriers Towards Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:181-209. [PMID: 30671696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the central nervous system (CNS) disorders appear as the most critical pathological threat with no proper cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one such condition frequently observed with the aged population and sometimes in youth too. Most of the research utilizes different animal models for in vivo study of AD pathophysiology and to investigate the potency of the newly developed therapy. These in vivo models undoubtably provide a powerful investigation tool to study human brain. Although, it sometime fails to mimic the exact environment and responses as the human brain owing to the distinctive genetic and anatomical features of human and rodent brain. In such condition, the in vitro cell model derived from patient specific cell or human cell lines can recapitulate the human brain environment. In addition, the frequent use of animals in research increases the cost of study and creates various ethical issues. Instead, the use of in vitro cellular models along with animal models can enhance the translational values of in vivo models and represent a better and effective mean to investigate the potency of therapeutics. This strategy also limits the excessive use of laboratory animal during the drug development process. Generally, the in vitro cell lines are cultured from AD rat brain endothelial cells, the rodent models, human astrocytes, human brain capillary endothelial cells, patient derived iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) and also from the non-neuronal cells. During the literature review process, we observed that there are very few reviews available which describe the significance and characteristics of in vitro cell lines, for AD investigation. Thus, in the present review article, we have compiled the various in vitro cell lines used in AD investigation including HBMEC, BCECs, SHSY-5Y, hCMEC/D3, PC-2 cell line, bEND3 cells, HEK293, hNPCs, RBE4 cells, SK-N-MC, BMVECs, CALU-3, 7W CHO, iPSCs and cerebral organoids cell lines and different types of culture media such as SCM, EMEM, DMEM/F12, RPMI, EBM and 3D-cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Munnangi Siva Ram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, Chhattisgarh, India.,Hemchand Yadav University, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491 001, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, 490024, India.
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Dalcin AJF, Vizzotto BS, Bochi GV, Guarda NS, Nascimento K, Sagrillo MR, Moresco RN, Schuch AP, Ourique AF, Gomes P. Nanoencapsulation of the flavonoid dihydromyricetin protects against the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by cationic nanocapsules. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:798-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chierrito D, Villas-Boas CB, Tonin FS, Fernandez-Llimos F, Sanches AC, de Mello JC. Using Cell Cultures for the Investigation of Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:916-925. [PMID: 31079591 PMCID: PMC7052832 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190409143155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in basic and molecular biology have promoted the use of cell cultures in a wide range of areas, including the evaluation of drug efficacy, safety and toxicity. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide a general overview of the methodological parameters of cell cultures used to investigate therapeutic options for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. METHOD A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ. In vitro experimental studies using cell cultures were included. RESULTS A total of 328 studies were initially identified, with 16 included for qualitative synthesis. Seven studies used neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and PC12 cell line) and nine used nonneuronal cells. All the studies described the culture conditions, but most studies were inconsistent with regard to reporting results and raw data. Only one-third of the studies performed cell viability assays, while a further 30% conducted gene expression analysis. Other additional tests included electrophysiological evaluation and transporter activity. More than 50% of the studies evaluated the effects of drugs such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, while plant extracts were assessed in four studies and polyunsaturated fatty acids in one. CONCLUSION We suggested a flowchart to guide the planning and execution of studies, and a checklist to be completed by authors to allow the standardized reporting of results. This may guide the elaboration of laboratory protocols and further in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - João C.P. de Mello
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Tel/Fax: +55 44 30114627; E-mail:
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Chang JK, Emon MAB, Li CS, Yang Q, Chang HP, Yang Z, Wu CI, Saif MT, Rogers JA. Cytotoxicity and in Vitro Degradation Kinetics of Foundry-Compatible Semiconductor Nanomembranes and Electronic Microcomponents. ACS NANO 2018; 12:9721-9732. [PMID: 30160102 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Foundry-compatible materials and processing approaches serve as the foundations for advanced, active implantable microsystems that can dissolve in biofluids into biocompatible reaction products, with broad potential applications in biomedicine. The results reported here include in vitro studies of the dissolution kinetics and nanoscale bioresorption behaviors of device-grade thin films of Si, SiN x, SiO2, and W in the presence of dynamic cell cultures via atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. In situ investigations of cell-extracellular mechanotransduction induced by cellular traction provide insights into the cytotoxicity of these same materials and of microcomponents formed with them using foundry-compatible processes, indicating potential cytotoxicity elicited by W at concentrations greater than 6 mM. The findings are of central relevance to the biocompatibility of modern Si-based electronics technologies as active, bioresorbable microsystems that interface with living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Kai Chang
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - M A Bashar Emon
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Chia-Shuo Li
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Quansan Yang
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Hui-Ping Chang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Zijian Yang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - M Taher Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, McCormick School of Engineering, and Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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73
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Role of raw materials in biopharmaceutical manufacturing: risk analysis and fingerprinting. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 53:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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74
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Plasma-treated medium tunes the inflammatory profile in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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75
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Liadi M, Collins A, Li Y, Li D. The Impact of Tissue Storage Conditions on Rat Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Yield and the Future Clinical Implications. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1320-1327. [PMID: 30095003 PMCID: PMC6168985 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718787762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma causes spinal cord injury, and the devastating consequences of the injury are due
to the failure of the damaged central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate. Previous
studies have shown that olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a unique type of glial cell
and they can promote regeneration of CNS axons to aid recovery after spinal cord injury.
Transplantation of OECs, in particular from the olfactory bulb (OB), is considered one of
the most promising therapeutic strategies for the repair of CNS injuries, including spinal
cord injury. Transplantation of OECs can be autologous or allogenic. Here we focused on
the less invasive and more error-proof allograft approach which needs a collection of
donor OB tissue for OEC production. In this study, we investigated the effects on the
yield and proportions of OECs and olfactory nerve fibroblasts (ONFs) from storing OB
tissue in various media for periods of 24 and 48 hours. The OEC yield contributes to the
viability of a successful cell transplant. We concluded that storing OB tissue for a
period longer than 24 hours negatively impacted the total cell number and subsequently the
OEC population. This study provides useful information for future clinical
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modinat Liadi
- 1 Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Spinal Repair Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Andrew Collins
- 1 Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Spinal Repair Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Ying Li
- 1 Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Spinal Repair Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Daqing Li
- 1 Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Spinal Repair Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Stephens N, Di Silvio L, Dunsford I, Ellis M, Glencross A, Sexton A. Bringing cultured meat to market: Technical, socio-political, and regulatory challenges in cellular agriculture. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018; 78:155-166. [PMID: 30100674 PMCID: PMC6078906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultured meat forms part of the emerging field of cellular agriculture. Still an early stage field it seeks to deliver products traditionally made through livestock rearing in novel forms that require no, or significantly reduced, animal involvement. Key examples include cultured meat, milk, egg white and leather. Here, we focus upon cultured meat and its technical, socio-political and regulatory challenges and opportunities. SCOPE AND APPROACH The paper reports the thinking of an interdisciplinary team, all of whom have been active in the field for a number of years. It draws heavily upon the published literature, as well as our own professional experience. This includes ongoing laboratory work to produce cultured meat and over seventy interviews with experts in the area conducted in the social science work. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Cultured meat is a promising, but early stage, technology with key technical challenges including cell source, culture media, mimicking the in-vivo myogenesis environment, animal-derived and synthetic materials, and bioprocessing for commercial-scale production. Analysis of the social context has too readily been reduced to ethics and consumer acceptance, and whilst these are key issues, the importance of the political and institutional forms a cultured meat industry might take must also be recognised, and how ambiguities shape any emergent regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Stephens
- Social and Political Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Kings College London, Floor 17, Tower Wing Guy's London, United Kingdom
| | - Illtud Dunsford
- Charcutier Ltd, Felin y Glyn Farm, Pontnewydd, Llanelli, SA15 5TL, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Ellis
- Dept of Chemical Engineering, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandra Sexton
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford, OX1 3BD, United Kingdom
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77
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The influence of mineral particles on fibroblast behaviour: A comparative study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 167:239-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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McBeth C, Dughaishi RA, Paterson A, Sharp D. Ubiquinone modified printed carbon electrodes for cell culture pH monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 113:46-51. [PMID: 29727751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of pH is important throughout many biological systems, but there are limited available technologies to enable its periodical monitoring in the complex, small volume, media often used in cell culture experiments across a range of disciplines. Herein, pad printed electrodes are developed and characterised through modification with: a commercially available fullerene multiwall carbon nanotube composite applied in Nafion, casting of hydrophobic ubiquinone as a pH probe to provide the electrochemical signal, and coated in Polyethylene glycol to reduce fouling and potentially enhance biocompatibility, which together are proven to enable the determination of pH in cell culture media containing serum. The ubiquinone oxidation peak position (Epa) provided an indirect marker of pH across the applicable range of pH 6-9 (R2 = 0.9985, n = 15) in complete DMEM. The electrochemical behaviour of these sensors was also proven to be robust; retaining their ability to measure pH in cell culture media supplemented with serum up to 20% (v/v) [encompassing the range commonly employed in cell culture], cycled > 100 times in 10% serum containing media and maintain > 60% functionality after 5 day incubation in a 10% serum containing medium. Overall, this proof of concept research highlights the potential applicability of this, or similar, electrochemical approaches to enable to detection or monitoring of pH in complex cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig McBeth
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Rajaa Al Dughaishi
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Paterson
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Sharp
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS1 3HE, United Kingdom.
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Characterization of Senescence of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells After Long-Term Expansion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1084:109-128. [PMID: 30242785 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the 1980s, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become a powerful and potential source for stem cell-based therapy, regenerative medicine, and even drug delivery in cancer treatment. The development of off-the-shelf mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including ASCs, has rapidly advanced in recent years with several clinical trials and approved products. In this technology, ASCs should be expanded long term in order to harvest higher cell number. In this study, senescence of ASCs after long-term expansion was evaluated. METHODS Human ASCs (hASCs) were isolated and cultured continuously at a density of 103 cells/cm2 up to passage 15. The cells were assessed for aging via changes in the following: characteristics of MSCs, mitochondrial activity, accumulation of beta-galactosidase, and expression of tumor suppressor genes. RESULTS The results showed that following in vitro expansion to the 15th passage, ASCs did not show changes in immunophenotype, except for decreased expression of CD105. However, the cells increased in size and in shape and complexity (toward the "fried egg" morphology). They also almost ceased to proliferate in passage 15. Nonetheless, they maintained in vitro differentiation potential toward osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Expression of tumor suppressor genes p53 and p16 did not significantly change, while p27 was significantly downregulated. Mitochondrial activities also decreased slightly in culture from passage 5 to passage 10 and remained stable to passage 15. ASCs also showed increased accumulation of beta-galactosidase in culture, but it was negligible. CONCLUSION In conclusion, hASCs exhibited some particular characteristics of aged stem cells when the number of subculture cells increased. However, up to passage 10, ASCs also retained almost all of the characteristics of MSCs.
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Privat-Maldonado A, Gorbanev Y, O'Connell D, Vann R, Chechik V, van der Woude MW. Nontarget Biomolecules Alter Macromolecular Changes Induced by Bactericidal Low-Temperature Plasma. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 2:121-128. [PMID: 30450481 PMCID: PMC6051481 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2017.2761405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low-temperature plasmas (LTPs) have a proven bactericidal activity governed by the generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that target microbial cell components. However, RONS also interact with biomolecules in the environment. Here we assess the impact of these interactions upon exposure of liquid suspensions with variable organic content to an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium viability in the suspension was reduced in the absence [e.g., phosphate buffered saline (PBS)], but not in the presence of (high) organic content [Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), DMEM supplemented with foetal calf serum, and Lysogeny Broth]. The reduced viability of LTP-treated bacteria in PBS correlated to a loss of membrane integrity, whereas double-strand DNA breaks could not be detected in treated single cells. The lack of bactericidal activity in solutions with high organic content correlated with a relative decrease of •OH and O3/O2(a1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}$\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}$
\end{document} in the plasma-treated solutions. These results indicate that the redox reactions of LTP-generated RONS with nontarget biomolecules resulted in a RONS composition with reduced bactericidal activity. Therefore, the chemical composition of the bacterial environment should be considered in the development of LTP for antimicrobial treatment, and may affect other biomedical applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Privat-Maldonado
- 1Department of BiologyCentre for Immunology and Infection.,2Department of PhysicsYork Plasma Institute, University of YorkYorkYO10 5DDU.K.,3PLASMANTDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Antwerp2610AntwerpBelgium
| | - Y Gorbanev
- 2Department of PhysicsYork Plasma Institute, University of YorkYorkYO10 5DDU.K.,4Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDU.K
| | - D O'Connell
- 2Department of PhysicsYork Plasma Institute, University of YorkYorkYO10 5DDU.K
| | - R Vann
- 2Department of PhysicsYork Plasma Institute, University of YorkYorkYO10 5DDU.K
| | - V Chechik
- 4Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDU.K
| | - M W van der Woude
- 5Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School.,6Department of BiologyUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDU.K
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81
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Application of standard cell cultures and 3D in vitro tissue models as an effective tool in drug design and development. Pharmacol Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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82
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McKee TJ, Komarova SV. Is it time to reinvent basic cell culture medium? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C624-C626. [PMID: 28228375 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00336.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Turney J McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Shriners Hospital for Children - Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Al-Saleh I, Elkhatib R, Al-Rajoudi T, Al-Qudaihi G. Assessing the concentration of phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) and the genotoxic potential of treated wastewater (final effluent) in Saudi Arabia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:440-451. [PMID: 27836348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers such as phthalate esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) are highly persistent organic pollutants that tend to bio-accumulate in humans through the soil-plant-animal food chain. Some studies have reported the potential carcinogenic and teratogenic effects in addition to their estrogenic activities. Water resources are scarce in Saudi Arabia, and several wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) have been constructed for agricultural and industrial use. This study was designed to: (1) measure the concentrations of BPA and six PAEs, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), in secondary- and tertiary-treated wastewater collected from five WTPs in three Saudi cities for four to five weeks and (2) test their potential genotoxicity. Three genotoxicological parameters were used: % tail DNA (%T), tail moment (TM) and percentage micronuclei (%MN). Both DBP and DEHP were detected in all treated wastewater samples. DMP, DEP, BBP, DOP, and BPA were found in 83.3, 84.2, 79, 73.7 and 97.4% of the samples, respectively. The levels of DMP (p<0.001), DOP (p<0.001) and BPA (p=0.001) were higher in tertiary- treated wastewater than secondary-treated wastewater, perhaps due to the influence of the molecular weight and polarity of the chemicals. Both weekly sampling frequency and WTP locations significantly affected the variability in our data. Treated wastewater from Wadi Al-Araj was able to induce DNA damage (%T and TM) in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells that was statistically higher than wastewater from all other WTPs and in untreated TK6 cells (negative control). %MN in samples from both Wadi Al-Araj and Manfouah did not differ statistically but was significantly higher than in the untreated TK6 cells. This study also showed that the samples of tertiary-treated wastewater had a higher genotoxicological potential to induce DNA damage than the samples of secondary-treated wastewater. BPA and some PAEs in the treated wastewater might have the potential to induce genetic damage, despite their low levels. Genotoxicity, however, may also have been due to the presence of other contaminants. Our preliminary findings should be of concern to Saudi agriculture because long-term irrigation with treated wastewater could lead to the accumulation of PAEs and BPA in the soil and ultimately reach the human and animal food chain. WTPs need to remove pollutants more efficiently. Until then, a cautious use of treated wastewater for irrigation is recommended to avoid serious health impacts on local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahreer Al-Rajoudi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghofran Al-Qudaihi
- Environmental Health Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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84
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Bahadorani M, Hosseini MS, Abbasi H, Abedi P, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Effect of different serum concentrations on short term in vitro culture of goat testicular cells. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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85
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Miyara M, Umeda K, Ishida K, Sanoh S, Kotake Y, Ohta S. Protein extracts from cultured cells contain nonspecific serum albumin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1164-7. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Serum is an important component of cell culture media. The present study demonstrates contamination of intracellular protein extract by bovine serum albumin from the culture media and illustrates how this contamination can cause the misinterpretation of western blot results. Preliminary experiments can prevent the misinterpretation of some experimental results, and optimization of the washing process may enable specific protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Miyara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Umeda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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86
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The fate of silica based Stöber particles soaked into growth media (RPMI and M254): A DLS and ζ-potential study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:840-845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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87
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Singha S, Kim D, Moon H, Wang T, Kim KH, Shin YH, Jung J, Seo E, Lee SJ, Ahn KH. Toward a selective, sensitive, fast-responsive, and biocompatible two-photon probe for hydrogen sulfide in live cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:1188-95. [PMID: 25495776 DOI: 10.1021/ac503806w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide has emerged as an exciting endogenous gasotransmitter in addition to nitric oxide and carbon dioxide. Noninvasive detection methods for hydrogen sulfide thus become indispensable tools for studying its diverse roles in biological systems. Accordingly, fluorescent probes for hydrogen sulfide have received great attention in recent years. A practically useful fluorescent probe for bioimaging of hydrogen sulfide should be selective, sensitive, fast-responsive, biocompatible, observable in the biological optical window, and capable of deep-tissue imaging. These sensing properties, however, are extremely difficult to achieve at the same time. Disclosed here is the two-photon fluorescent probe that meets all of these criteria. The probe belongs to a Michael acceptor system, which raised a serious selectivity issue over the competing biothiols such as cysteine and glutathione. We have addressed the selectivity issue by optimizing the electronic and steric interactions between biothiols and the probe, in addition to achieving very high sensitivity, fast-response, and biocompatibility. Also, the sensing mechanism suggested in the literature was revised. The probe thus enables us to image the endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide with negligible interference from other biothiols in live cells. The excellent sensing properties of the probe combined with its capability of bioimaging thus make it a practically useful tool for further studying biological roles of hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems, POSTECH , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Republic of Korea 790-784
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