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Marion J, Le Bars R, Besse L, Batoko H, Satiat-Jeunemaitre B. Multiscale and Multimodal Approaches to Study Autophagy in Model Plants. Cells 2018; 7:E5. [PMID: 29315263 PMCID: PMC5789278 DOI: 10.3390/cells7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process used by eukaryotic cells to maintain or restore cellular and organismal homeostasis. A better understanding of autophagy in plant biology could lead to an improvement of the recycling processes of plant cells and thus contribute, for example, towards reducing the negative ecological consequences of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agriculture. It may also help to optimize plant adaptation to adverse biotic and abiotic conditions through appropriate plant breeding or genetic engineering to incorporate useful traits in relation to this catabolic pathway. In this review, we describe useful protocols for studying autophagy in the plant cell, taking into account some specificities of the plant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marion
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (J.M.); (R.L.B.); (L.B.); (B.S.-J.)
| | - Romain Le Bars
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (J.M.); (R.L.B.); (L.B.); (B.S.-J.)
| | - Laetitia Besse
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (J.M.); (R.L.B.); (L.B.); (B.S.-J.)
| | - Henri Batoko
- Institute of Life Sciences, UCL/ISV, University of Louvain, Croix du Sud 4, L7.07.14, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre
- Institute of Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (J.M.); (R.L.B.); (L.B.); (B.S.-J.)
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52
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VanBuren R, Wai CM, Ou S, Pardo J, Bryant D, Jiang N, Mockler TC, Edger P, Michael TP. Extreme haplotype variation in the desiccation-tolerant clubmoss Selaginella lepidophylla. Nat Commun 2018; 9:13. [PMID: 29296019 PMCID: PMC5750206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant genome size varies by four orders of magnitude, and most of this variation stems from dynamic changes in repetitive DNA content. Here we report the small 109 Mb genome of Selaginella lepidophylla, a clubmoss with extreme desiccation tolerance. Single-molecule sequencing enables accurate haplotype assembly of a single heterozygous S. lepidophylla plant, revealing extensive structural variation. We observe numerous haplotype-specific deletions consisting of largely repetitive and heavily methylated sequences, with enrichment in young Gypsy LTR retrotransposons. Such elements are active but rapidly deleted, suggesting "bloat and purge" to maintain a small genome size. Unlike all other land plant lineages, Selaginella has no evidence of a whole-genome duplication event in its evolutionary history, but instead shows unique tandem gene duplication patterns reflecting adaptation to extreme drying. Gene expression changes during desiccation in S. lepidophylla mirror patterns observed across angiosperm resurrection plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shujun Ou
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Pardo
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Doug Bryant
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Todd C Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Patrick Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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53
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Le TTT, Williams B, Mundree SG. An osmotin from the resurrection plant Tripogon loliiformis (TlOsm) confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in transgenic rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:13-34. [PMID: 28466470 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotin is a key protein associated with abiotic and biotic stress response in plants. In this study, an osmotin from the resurrection plant Tripogon loliiformis (TlOsm) was characterized and functionally analyzed under abiotic stress conditions in T. loliiformis as well as in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) and Oryza sativa (rice) plants. Real-time PCR analysis on mixed elicitor cDNA libraries from T. loliiformis showed that TlOsm was upregulated a 1000-fold during the early stages of osmotic stresses (cold, drought, and salinity) in both shoots and roots but downregulated in shoots during heat stress. There was no change in TlOsm gene expression in roots of heat-stressed plants and during plant development. The plasma membrane localization of TlOsm was showed in fluorescent-tagged TlOsm tobacco plants using confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis. Transgenic rice plants expressing TlOsm were assessed for enhanced tolerance to salinity, drought and cold stresses. Constitutively expressed TlOsm in transgenic rice plants showed increased tolerance to cold, drought and salinity stress when compared with the wild-type and vector control counterparts. This was evidenced by maintained growth, retained higher water content and membrane integrity, and improved survival rate of TlOsm-expressing plants. The results thus indicate the involvement of TlOsm in plant response to multiple abiotic stresses, possibly through the signaling pathway, and highlight its potential applications for engineering crops with improved tolerance to cold, drought and salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T T Le
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sagadevan G Mundree
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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54
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Kamies R, Farrant JM, Tadele Z, Cannarozzi G, Rafudeen MS. A Proteomic Approach to Investigate the Drought Response in the Orphan Crop Eragrostis tef. Proteomes 2017; 5:E32. [PMID: 29140297 PMCID: PMC5748567 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan crop, Eragrostis tef, was subjected to controlled drought conditions to observe the physiological parameters and proteins changing in response to dehydration stress. Physiological measurements involving electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll fluorescence and ultra-structural analysis showed tef plants tolerated water loss to 50% relative water content (RWC) before adverse effects in leaf tissues were observed. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) mass spectrometry and appropriate database searching enabled the detection of 5727 proteins, of which 211 proteins, including a number of spliced variants, were found to be differentially regulated with the imposed stress conditions. Validation of the iTRAQ dataset was done with selected stress-related proteins, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and the protective antioxidant proteins, monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and peroxidase (POX). Western blot analyses confirmed protein presence and showed increased protein abundance levels during water deficit while enzymatic activity for FBA, MDHAR and POX increased at selected RWC points. Gene ontology (GO)-term enrichment and analysis revealed terms involved in biotic and abiotic stress response, signaling, transport, cellular homeostasis and pentose metabolic processes, to be enriched in tef upregulated proteins, while terms linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing processes under water-deficit, such as photosynthesis and associated light harvesting reactions, manganese transport and homeostasis, the synthesis of sugars and cell wall catabolism and modification, to be enriched in tef downregulated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizqah Kamies
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Gina Cannarozzi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mohammed Suhail Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
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55
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Costa MCD, Cooper K, Hilhorst HWM, Farrant JM. Orthodox Seeds and Resurrection Plants: Two of a Kind? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:589-599. [PMID: 28851758 PMCID: PMC5619911 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding shared strategies for desiccation tolerance in orthodox seeds and resurrection plants can yield insights for agricultural improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cecília D Costa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keren Cooper
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, 7701 Cape Town, South Africa
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56
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Aidar SDT, Chaves ARDM, Fernandes Júnior PI, Oliveira MDS, Costa Neto BPD, Calsa Junior T, Morgante CV. Vegetative desiccation tolerance of Tripogon spicatus (Poaceae) from the tropical semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:1124-1133. [PMID: 32480638 DOI: 10.1071/fp17066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vegetative desiccation tolerance of Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman was confirmed by its ability to recover the physiological functionality of intact plants previously subjected to extreme dehydration. Photosynthesis became undetectable when leaf relative water content (RWCleaf) achieved ~60%, whereas photochemical variables showed a partial decrease. Until the minimum RWCleaf of 6.41%, total chl decreased by 9%, and total carotenoids increased by 29%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 57%, on average, during dehydration, but catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (APX) activities showed no significant differences throughout the experiment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 151%, total leaf and root amino acids decreased by 62% and 77%, respectively, whereas leaf and root proline decreased by 40% and 61%, respectively, until complete desiccation. After rehydration, leaves completely recovered turgidity and total chl contents. Carotenoids and MDA remained high, whereas SOD was 60% lower than the measured average measured before dehydration. With the exception of root amino acid contents, total amino acids and proline concentrations recovered completely. Gas exchange and photochemical variables remained substantially higher 4 days after rehydration, compared with the control. Besides increasing MDA, the overall physiological results showed that membrane functionality was preserved, leading to the vegetative desiccation tolerance of T. spicatus during the dehydration-rehydration cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo de T Aidar
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR 428, km 152, PO Box 23, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo R de M Chaves
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR 428, km 152, PO Box 23, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paulo I Fernandes Júnior
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR 428, km 152, PO Box 23, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Melquisedec de S Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Genética, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Benjamim P da Costa Neto
- Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Rodovia BR 203, Km 2, sem número, CEP 56328903, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tercílio Calsa Junior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Genética, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Morgante
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa Semiárido, Rodovia BR 428, km 152, PO Box 23, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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57
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VanBuren R, Wai CM, Zhang Q, Song X, Edger PP, Bryant D, Michael TP, Mockler TC, Bartels D. Seed desiccation mechanisms co-opted for vegetative desiccation in the resurrection grass Oropetium thomaeum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2292-2306. [PMID: 28730594 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Resurrection plants desiccate during periods of prolonged drought stress, then resume normal cellular metabolism upon water availability. Desiccation tolerance has multiple origins in flowering plants, and it likely evolved through rewiring seed desiccation pathways. Oropetium thomaeum is an emerging model for extreme drought tolerance, and its genome, which is the smallest among surveyed grasses, was recently sequenced. Combining RNA-seq, targeted metabolite analysis and comparative genomics, we show evidence for co-option of seed-specific pathways during vegetative desiccation. Desiccation-related gene co-expression clusters are enriched in functions related to seed development including several seed-specific transcription factors. Across the metabolic network, pathways involved in programmed cell death inhibition, ABA signalling and others are activated during dehydration. Oleosins and oil bodies that typically function in seed storage are highly abundant in desiccated leaves and may function for membrane stability and storage. Orthologs to seed-specific LEA proteins from rice and maize have neofunctionalized in Oropetium with high expression during desiccation. Accumulation of sucrose, raffinose and stachyose in drying leaves mirrors sugar accumulation patterns in maturing seeds. Together, these results connect vegetative desiccation with existing seed desiccation and drought responsive pathways and provide some key candidate genes for engineering improved drought tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Ching Man Wai
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Song
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Doug Bryant
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Todd C Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- IMBIO, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
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58
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Gao B, Li X, Zhang D, Liang Y, Yang H, Chen M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wood AJ. Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes: The dehydration and rehydration transcriptomes in the desiccation-tolerant bryophyte Bryum argenteum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7571. [PMID: 28790328 PMCID: PMC5548717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The desiccation tolerant bryophyte Bryum argenteum is an important component of desert biological soil crusts (BSCs) and is emerging as a model system for studying vegetative desiccation tolerance. Here we present and analyze the hydration-dehydration-rehydration transcriptomes in B. argenteum to establish a desiccation-tolerance transcriptomic atlas. B. argenteum gametophores representing five different hydration stages (hydrated (H0), dehydrated for 2 h (D2), 24 h (D24), then rehydrated for 2 h (R2) and 48 h (R48)), were sampled for transcriptome analyses. Illumina high throughput RNA-Seq technology was employed and generated more than 488.46 million reads. An in-house de novo transcriptome assembly optimization pipeline based on Trinity assembler was developed to obtain a reference Hydration-Dehydration-Rehydration (H-D-R) transcriptome comprising of 76,206 transcripts, with an N50 of 2,016 bp and average length of 1,222 bp. Comprehensive transcription factor (TF) annotation discovered 978 TFs in 62 families, among which 404 TFs within 40 families were differentially expressed upon dehydration-rehydration. Pfam term enrichment analysis revealed 172 protein families/domains were significantly associated with the H-D-R cycle and confirmed early rehydration (i.e. the R2 stage) as exhibiting the maximum stress-induced changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.,School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Honglan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew J Wood
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901-6509, USA
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Giarola V, Hou Q, Bartels D. Angiosperm Plant Desiccation Tolerance: Hints from Transcriptomics and Genome Sequencing. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:705-717. [PMID: 28622918 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance (DT) in angiosperms is present in the small group of resurrection plants and in seeds. DT requires the presence of protective proteins, specific carbohydrates, restructuring of membrane lipids, and regulatory mechanisms directing a dedicated gene expression program. Many components are common to resurrection plants and seeds; however, some are specific for resurrection plants. Understanding how each component contributes to DT is challenging. Recent transcriptome analyses and genome sequencing indicate that increased expression is essential of genes encoding protective components, recently evolved, species-specific genes and non-protein-coding RNAs. Modification and reshuffling of existing cis-regulatory promoter elements seems to play a role in the rewiring of regulatory networks required for increased expression of DT-related genes in resurrection species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Giarola
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Quancan Hou
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Present address: Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Waisi H, Janković B, Janković M, Nikolić B, Dimkić I, Lalević B, Raičević V. New insights in dehydration stress behavior of two maize hybrids using advanced distributed reactivity model (DRM). Responses to the impact of 24-epibrassinolide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179650. [PMID: 28644899 PMCID: PMC5482464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proposed distributed reactivity model of dehydration for seedling parts of two various maize hybrids (ZP434, ZP704) was established. Dehydration stresses were induced thermally, which is also accompanied by response of hybrids to heat stress. It was found that an increased value of activation energy counterparts within radicle dehydration of ZP434, with a high concentration of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) at elevated operating temperatures, probably causes activation of diffusion mechanisms in cutin network and may increases likelihood of formation of free volumes, large enough to accommodate diffusing molecule. Many small random effects were detected and can be correlated with micro-disturbing in a space filled with water caused by thermal gradients, increasing capillary phenomena, and which can induce thermo-capillary migration. The influence of seedling content of various sugars and minerals on dehydration was also examined. Estimated distributed reactivity models indicate a dependence of reactivity on structural arrangements, due to present interactions between water molecules and chemical species within the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Waisi
- Department of Scientific Research and Information Technology, Institute for the Development of Water Resources “Jaroslav Černi”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Janković
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Janković
- Radiation and Environmental Protection Department, Institute of Nuclear Sciences “Vinča”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogdan Nikolić
- Department for phytopharmacy and Environmental Protection, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Blažo Lalević
- Department for Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Raičević
- Department for Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Havé M, Marmagne A, Chardon F, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence: lessons from Arabidopsis to crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2513-2529. [PMID: 27707774 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a result of climate changes, land use and agriculture have to adapt to new demands. Agriculture is responsible for a large part of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have to be urgently reduced in order to protect the environment. At the same time, agriculture has to cope with the challenges of sustainably feeding a growing world population. Reducing the use of the ammonia-nitrate fertilizers that are responsible for a large part of the GHGs released and that have a negative impact on carbon balance is one of the objectives of precision agriculture. One way to reduce N fertilizers without dramatically affecting grain yields is to improve the nitrogen recycling and remobilization performances of plants. Mechanisms involved in nitrogen recycling, such as autophagy, are essential for nutrient remobilization at the whole-plant level and for seed quality. Studies on leaf senescence and nutrient recycling provide new perspectives for improvement. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the mechanisms involved in nitrogen recycling and remobilization during leaf senescence and to present the different approaches undertaken to improve nitrogen remobilization efficiency using both model plants and crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marien Havé
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Anne Marmagne
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Fabien Chardon
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
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62
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Kabbage M, Kessens R, Bartholomay LC, Williams B. The Life and Death of a Plant Cell. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:375-404. [PMID: 28125285 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Like all eukaryotic organisms, plants possess an innate program for controlled cellular demise termed programmed cell death (PCD). Despite the functional conservation of PCD across broad evolutionary distances, an understanding of the molecular machinery underpinning this fundamental program in plants remains largely elusive. As in mammalian PCD, the regulation of plant PCD is critical to development, homeostasis, and proper responses to stress. Evidence is emerging that autophagy is key to the regulation of PCD in plants and that it can dictate the outcomes of PCD execution under various scenarios. Here, we provide a broad and comparative overview of PCD processes in plants, with an emphasis on stress-induced PCD. We also discuss the implications of the paradox that is functional conservation of apoptotic hallmarks in plants in the absence of core mammalian apoptosis regulators, what that means, and whether an equivalent form of death occurs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Ryan Kessens
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706;
| | - Lyric C Bartholomay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia;
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Starvation signals in yeast are integrated to coordinate metabolic reprogramming and stress response to ensure longevity. Curr Genet 2017; 63:839-843. [PMID: 28444510 PMCID: PMC5605593 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Studies on replicative and chronological aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have greatly advanced our understanding of how longevity is regulated in all eukaryotes. Chronological lifespan (CLS) of yeast is defined as the age-dependent viability of non-dividing cell populations. A number of nutrient sensing and signal transduction pathways (mainly TOR and PKA) have been shown to regulate CLS, yet it is poorly understood how the starvation signals transduced via these pathways lead to CLS extension. Using reporters whose expressions are induced by glucose starvation, we have screened the majority of the 'signaling' mutants in the yeast genome and identified many genes that are necessary for stress response. Subsequent analyses of the 'signaling' mutants not only revealed novel regulators of CLS, such as the GSK-3 ortholog Mck1, but also demonstrated that starvation signals transmitted by SNF1/AMPK, PKC1 and those negatively regulated by TOR/PKA, including Rim15, Yak1 and Mck1 kinases, are integrated to enable metabolic reprogramming and the acquisition of stress resistance. Coordinated metabolic reprogramming ensures the accumulation of storage carbohydrates for quiescent cells to maintain viability. We provide new evidence that Yak1, Rim15 and Mck1 kinases cooperate to activate H2O2-scanvenging activities, thus limiting the levels of ROS in cells entering quiescence. These findings support the recent advances in higher organisms that the flexibility of metabolic reprogramming and the balance between energetics and stress resistance are the unifying principles of lifespan extension. Future work to reveal how the metabolic switch and stress response is coordinated will help delineate the molecular mechanisms of aging in yeast and shed novel insight into aging/anti-aging principles in higher organisms.
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Yobi A, Schlauch KA, Tillett RL, Yim WC, Espinoza C, Wone BWM, Cushman JC, Oliver MJ. Sporobolus stapfianus: Insights into desiccation tolerance in the resurrection grasses from linking transcriptomics to metabolomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:67. [PMID: 28351347 PMCID: PMC5371216 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the response of resurrection angiosperms to dehydration and rehydration is critical for deciphering the mechanisms of how plants cope with the rigors of water loss from their vegetative tissues. We have focused our studies on the C4 resurrection grass, Sporobolus stapfianus Gandoger, as a member of a group of important forage grasses. METHODS We have combined non-targeted metabolomics with transcriptomics, via a NimbleGen array platform, to develop an understanding of how gene expression and metabolite profiles can be linked to generate a more detailed mechanistic appreciation of the cellular response to both desiccation and rehydration. RESULTS The rehydration transcriptome and metabolome are primarily geared towards the rapid return of photosynthesis, energy metabolism, protein turnover, and protein synthesis during the rehydration phase. However, there are some metabolites associated with ROS protection that remain elevated during rehydration, most notably the tocopherols. The analysis of the dehydration transcriptome reveals a strong concordance between transcript abundance and the associated metabolite abundance reported earlier, but only in responses that are directly related to cellular protection during dehydration: carbohydrate metabolism and redox homeostasis. The transcriptome response also provides strong support for the involvement of cellular protection processes as exemplified by the increases in the abundance of transcripts encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, anti-oxidant enzymes, early light-induced proteins (ELIP) proteins, and cell-wall modification enzymes. There is little concordance between transcript and metabolite abundance for processes such as amino acid metabolism that do not appear to contribute directly to cellular protection, but are nonetheless important for the desiccation tolerant phenotype of S. stapfianus. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptomes of both dehydration and rehydration offer insight into the complexity of the regulation of responses to these processes that involve complex signaling pathways and associated transcription factors. ABA appears to be important in the control of gene expression in both the latter stages of the dehydration and the early stages of rehydration. These findings add to the growing body of information detailing how plants tolerate and survive the severe cellular perturbations of dehydration, desiccation, and rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abou Yobi
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Research Unit, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, 65211 USA
| | - Karen A. Schlauch
- Nevada INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Nevada Reno, Nevada, 89557 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Nevada, 89557 USA
| | - Richard L. Tillett
- Nevada INBRE Bioinformatics Core, University of Nevada Reno, Nevada, 89557 USA
| | - Won C. Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Nevada, 89557 USA
| | - Catherine Espinoza
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, 65211 USA
| | - Bernard W. M. Wone
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, 57069 USA
| | - John C. Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Nevada, 89557 USA
| | - Melvin J. Oliver
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Research Unit, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, 65211 USA
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Zhang Q, Song X, Bartels D. Enzymes and Metabolites in Carbohydrate Metabolism of Desiccation Tolerant Plants. Proteomes 2016; 4:E40. [PMID: 28248249 PMCID: PMC5260972 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Resurrection plants can tolerate extreme water loss. Substantial sugar accumulation is a phenomenon in resurrection plants during dehydration. Sugars have been identified as one important factor contributing to desiccation tolerance. Phylogenetic diversity of resurrection plants reflects the diversity of sugar metabolism in response to dehydration. Sugars, which accumulate during dehydration, have been shown to protect macromolecules and membranes and to scavenge reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the performance of enzymes participating in sugar metabolism during dehydration stress. The relation between sugar metabolism and other biochemical activities is discussed and open questions as well as potential experimental approaches are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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66
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Yanykin DV, Khorobrykh AA, Mamedov MD, Klimov VV. Trehalose protects Mn-depleted photosystem 2 preparations against the donor-side photoinhibition. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:236-243. [PMID: 27693844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that the addition of 1M trehalose leads to the increase of the rate of oxygen photoconsumption associated with activation of electron transport in the reaction center of photosystem 2 (PS2) in Mn-depleted PS2 membranes (apo-WOC-PS2) [37]. In the present work the effect of trehalose on photoinhibition of apo-WOC-PS2 preparations (which are characterized by a high sensitivity to the donor side photoinhibition of PS2) was investigated. The degree of photoinhibition was estimated by the loss of the capability of exogenous electron donor (sodium ascorbate) to reactivate the electron transport (measured by light-induced changes of chlorophyll fluorescence yield (∆F)) in apo-WOC-PS2. It was found that 1M trehalose enhanced the Mn2+-dependent suppression of photoinhibition of apo-WOC-PS2: in the presence of trehalose the addition of 0.2μM Mn2+ (corresponding to 2 Mn2+ per one reaction center) was sufficient for an almost complete suppression of the donor side photoinhibition of the complex. In the absence of trehalose it was necessary to add 100μM Mn2+ to achieve a similar result. The effect of trehalose was observed during photoinhibition of apo-WOC-PS2 at low (15μmolphotons-1m-2) and high (200μmolphotons-1m-2) light intensity. When Mn2+ was replaced by other PS2 electron donors (ferrocyanide, DPC) as well as by Ca2+ the protective effect of trehalose was not observed. It was also found that 1M trehalose decreased photoinhibition of apo-WOC-PS2 if the samples contained endogenous manganese (1-2 Mn ions per one RC was enough for the maximum protection effect). It is concluded that structural changes in PS2 caused by the addition of trehalose enhance the capability of photochemical reaction centers of apo-WOC-PS2 to accept electrons from manganese (both exogenous and endogenous), which in turn leads to a considerable suppression of the donor side photoinhibition of PS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Yanykin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - A A Khorobrykh
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - M D Mamedov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V V Klimov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
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67
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Figueroa CM, Lunn JE. A Tale of Two Sugars: Trehalose 6-Phosphate and Sucrose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:7-27. [PMID: 27482078 PMCID: PMC5074632 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis, is an essential signal metabolite in plants, linking growth and development to carbon status. The Suc-Tre6P nexus model postulates that Tre6P is both a signal and negative feedback regulator of Suc levels, forming part of a mechanism to maintain Suc levels within an optimal range and functionally comparable to the insulin-glucagon system for regulating blood Glc levels in animals. The target range and sensitivity of the Tre6P-Suc feedback control circuit can be adjusted according to the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. In source leaves, Tre6P modulates Suc levels by affecting Suc synthesis, whereas in sink organs it regulates Suc consumption. In illuminated leaves, Tre6P influences the partitioning of photoassimilates between Suc, organic acids, and amino acids via posttranslational regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nitrate reductase. At night, Tre6P regulates the remobilization of leaf starch reserves to Suc, potentially linking starch turnover in source leaves to carbon demand from developing sink organs. Use of Suc for growth in developing tissues is strongly influenced by the antagonistic activities of two protein kinases: SUC-NON-FERMENTING-1-RELATED KINASE1 (SnRK1) and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR). The relationship between Tre6P and SnRK1 in developing tissues is complex and not yet fully resolved, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms, and positive and negative effects. No direct connection between Tre6P and TOR has yet been described. The roles of Tre6P in abiotic stress tolerance and stomatal regulation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina (C.M.F.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
| | - John E Lunn
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina (C.M.F.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
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68
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Barak S, Farrant JM. Extremophyte adaptations to salt and water deficit stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:v-x. [PMID: 32480487 DOI: 10.1071/fpv43n7_fo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants that can survive and even thrive in extreme environments (extremophytes) are likely treasure boxes of plant adaptations to environmental stresses. These species represent excellent models for understanding mechanisms of stress tolerance that may not be present in stress-sensitive species, as well as for identifying genetic determinants to develop stress-tolerant crops. This special issue of Functional Plant Biology focuses on physiological and molecular processes that enable extremophytes to naturally survive high levels of salt or desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Barak
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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69
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Li Y, Dickman M. Processing of AtBAG6 triggers autophagy and fungal resistance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1175699. [PMID: 27128431 PMCID: PMC4973798 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1175699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family is an evolutionarily conserved, multifunctional group of cytoprotective co-chaperones. Using structural bioinformatic approaches we identified 7 homologs of the Arabidopsis BAG family. Evaluating knockouts in Arabidopsis of individual BAG family members, we noted that Arabidopsis BAG6 (AtBAG6) knockout lines exhibited a pronounced enhancement of susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Moreover, we identified a single predicted caspase-1 site that was cleaved by an aspartyl protease (AtAPCB1). Finally, we showed AtBAG6 forms a complex with AtAPCB1 via coupling to a C2 GRAM domain protein (AtBAGP1). This complex and its activation is necessary for triggering pathogen mediated autophagic cell death and host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marty Dickman
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- CONTACT Marty Dickman
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Shirakabe A, Ikeda Y, Sciarretta S, Zablocki DK, Sadoshima J. Aging and Autophagy in the Heart. Circ Res 2016; 118:1563-76. [PMID: 27174950 PMCID: PMC4869999 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aging population is increasing in developed countries. Because the incidence of cardiac disease increases dramatically with age, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms through which the heart becomes either more or less susceptible to stress. Cardiac aging is characterized by the presence of hypertrophy, fibrosis, and accumulation of misfolded proteins and dysfunctional mitochondria. Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is a lysosome-dependent bulk degradation mechanism that is essential for intracellular protein and organelle quality control. Autophagy and autophagic flux are generally decreased in aging hearts, and murine autophagy loss-of-function models develop exacerbated cardiac dysfunction that is accompanied by the accumulation of misfolded proteins and dysfunctional organelles. On the contrary, stimulation of autophagy generally improves cardiac function in mouse models of protein aggregation by removing accumulated misfolded proteins, dysfunctional mitochondria, and damaged DNA, thereby improving the overall cellular environment and alleviating aging-associated pathology in the heart. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that autophagy is required for many mechanisms that mediate lifespan extension, such as caloric restriction, in various organisms. These results raise the exciting possibility that autophagy may play an important role in combating the adverse effects of aging in the heart. In this review, we discuss the role of autophagy in the heart during aging, how autophagy alleviates age-dependent changes in the heart, and how the level of autophagy in the aging heart can be restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirakabe
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (A.S., Y.I., S.S., D.K.Z., J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan (Y.I.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.S.); and Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (A.S., Y.I., S.S., D.K.Z., J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan (Y.I.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.S.); and Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (A.S., Y.I., S.S., D.K.Z., J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan (Y.I.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.S.); and Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Daniela K Zablocki
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (A.S., Y.I., S.S., D.K.Z., J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan (Y.I.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.S.); and Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S.)
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- From the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark (A.S., Y.I., S.S., D.K.Z., J.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan (Y.I.); Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (S.S.); and Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.S.).
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71
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Li Y, Kabbage M, Liu W, Dickman MB. Aspartyl Protease-Mediated Cleavage of BAG6 Is Necessary for Autophagy and Fungal Resistance in Plants. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:233-47. [PMID: 26739014 PMCID: PMC4746679 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family is an evolutionarily conserved group of cochaperones that modulate numerous cellular processes. Previously we found that Arabidopsis thaliana BAG6 is required for basal immunity against the fungal phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. However, the mechanisms by which BAG6 controls immunity are obscure. Here, we address this important question by determining the molecular mechanisms responsible for BAG6-mediated basal resistance. We show that Arabidopsis BAG6 is cleaved in vivo in a caspase-1-like-dependent manner and via a combination of pull-downs, mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrid assays, and chemical genomics, we demonstrate that BAG6 interacts with a C2 GRAM domain protein (BAGP1) and an aspartyl protease (APCB1), both of which are required for BAG6 processing. Furthermore, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy established that BAG6 cleavage triggers autophagy in the host that coincides with disease resistance. Targeted inactivation of BAGP1 or APCB1 results in the blocking of BAG6 processing and loss of resistance. Mutation of the cleavage site blocks cleavage and inhibits autophagy in plants; disease resistance is also compromised. Taken together, these results identify a mechanism that couples an aspartyl protease with a molecular cochaperone to trigger autophagy and plant defense, providing a key link between fungal recognition and the induction of cell death and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wende Liu
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Martin B Dickman
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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